A LEAKAGE DETECTOR, A LATCHING SOLENOID, A FLOW METER, AND A LIQUID DISPENSING APPARATUS INCLUDING SAME

Abstract: This invention relates to the dispensing of liquids by means of a fluid dispensing apparatus (10) having one or more of a leakage detection means (94), a latching solenoid (84), and a fluid flow meter (20). The invention also provides each of the leakage detection means, the latching solenoid, then fluid flow meter, a fluid dispensing installation, and a method of dispensing fluid. In some embodiments, the fluid dispensing apparatus is a pre-payment water dispensing meter.

Description: A LEAKAGE DETECTOR, A LATCHING SOLENOID, A FLOW METER, AND A LIQUID DISPENSING APPARATUS INCLUDING SAME THIS INVENTION relates to the dispensing of liquids More parti cularh it relates to liquid dispensing apparatus and to a liquid dispensing installation It also relates to a method of dispensing a liquid The inventor is aware of a need for fluid dispensing apparatus which can be used for pre-paid water distribution s\ stems but which will respond to fluid leakage from a system to which it is installed, will reduce unmeasurably low flows passing beirσ dispensed, and operate for longer periods of time without the need for maintenance, in particular batten replacement According to one aspect of the invention there is provided liquid dispensing apparatus which includes a housing. an inlet port leading mto the housing, an outer port leading from the housing, flow path defining means within the housmg defining a flow patch connecting the inlet and outer ports in flow communicaUon, and valve means intermediate the inlet and the outer port and displaceable between an open position and a closed position to regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path, the inlet and outlet ports being spaced apart and parallel Typically the inlet and outlet ports open out of a rear surface of the housing According to another aspect of the invention there is provided liquid dispensing apparatus which includes a housing defining a flow path, an inlet port at one end of the flow path and an outlet port at the other end of the flow path. valve means contained within the housing for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow path, and a processor contained within the housing for controlling the operation of the valve means The housing be formed from thieε parts, each of which is moulded of a s\nthetιc plastics material, two of the parts together defining the flow path According to another aspect of the invention there is provided liquid dispensing apparatus which includes a housing. an inlet port leading into the housing, an outlet port leading from the housing. flow path defining means defining a flow path connecting the inlet and outlet ports in flow communication. valve means intermediate the inlet and the outlet ports and displaceable between an open position and a closed position to regulate the flow of hqu;^ through the flow path, and a flow meter for measuring the volumetπc flow of liquid through the flow path, the flow meter includmg a rotor mounted for rotation in the flow path and linked magnetically to a counter Accordmg to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided liquid dispensing apparatus which includes a housmg. an inlet port leading into the housmg: an outlet port leading from the housmg. flow path defining means defining a flow path connecting the inlet port and outlet port in flow communication. valve means intermediate the inlet port and the outlet port and displaceable between an open position and a closed position to regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path; and a flow meter for measuring the volumetric flow of liquid through the flow path, the flow meter mcluding a stator mounted in the flow path and configured to impart an angular direction of flow to liquid passing therethrough, a rotor mounted for rotation in the flow path immediately downstream of the stator, the rotor including a hub and a plurality of c cαrmferentially spaced apart radially extending arms and axially extending vanes protruding from the arms. The hub may be generally frusto-conical in shape and taper away from the stator. l e. in the downstream direction. The flow meter may include a magnet mounted on the rotor and a counter configured to count magnetic pulses which correspond to the revolutions of the rotor and hence the liquid flow rate Accordmg to still another aspect of the mvenϋon there is provided a liquid dispensing apparatus which includes a housing. an inlet port leading into the housing; an outlet port leading from the housing. flow path defining means within the housing defining a flow path connecting the inlet and outlet ports m flow communication. valve means intermediate the inlet and the outlet port and displaceable between an open position and a closed position τ o regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path. a processor for controlling the operation of the valve means: and leakage detection means designed to detect flow below a predetermined level and linked to the processor so that the valve means is closed should a flow below a predetermined level be detected. The inlet and outlet ports may be parallel and open out of a rear surface of the housing. The housing may include a front surface which is parallel with the rear surface, and at least one hole extending through the housmg from the front surface to the rear surface through which a shank of a fastener can pass, the hole being spaced from and extending parallel to the inlet and outlet ports. Preferably, at least two parallel spaced apart holes extend through the housmg. The or each hole may be countersunk to receive a head of the associated fastener. The apparatus may include a tamper indicating cap or plug receivable in each of the holes to inhibit access to the fasteners. Alternatively, the apparatus may include a tamper indicating cap having a number of plugs receivable in at least some of the holes to inhibit access to the fasteners. The liquid dispensing apparatus may include a reader configured to read information stored on payment means in the form of an electronic data storage device and linked to the processor thereby permitting the apparatus to function as a pre-payment meter. The electronic data storage device may be the form of a chip card a magnetic data carrier, or ilie like The apparatus typically includes an electrical power source, e g in the form of a batter}' However, the electrical power source be an electrical suppl} circuit connection, a water powered electricity generating d}τιamo. all the like The valve means ma} be in the form of a diaphragm vahe In particular, the valve means ma} be a latching valve The housmg ma\ be about the size of a conventional brick so that it is readily mountable in a wall Accordmg to yet another aspect of the mvention there is provided a liquid dispensing installation which includes an inlet pipe connected to a pressurised suppl}' of liquid, an outlet pipe, liquid dispensing apparatus which mcludes a housing. an inlet port leading into the housmg. an outlet port leadmg from the housmg, flow path defining means defining a flow path which connects the inlet port and the outlet port in flow communication, and valve means for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow path, the inlet pipe and inlet port and the outlet pipe and outlet port bemg provided with complementarv formaUons which are shdably engageable to provide a fluid tight connection between a downstream end of the inlet pipe and the inlet port and between an upstream end of the outlet pipe and the outlet port Preferably, male formations are provided on the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe which formations are receivable m a liquid tight manner in the inlet port and outlet port, respectively, male/female fashion Each of the male formations may have an annular seal on its outer surface The inlet and outlei pipes may be embedded in or extend through a wall, the desired spacing of the male formations, which are typically recessed into the wall, being determined b} a spacer plate through apertures in which the male formations protrude, the housing being retained in position b} means of at least one and preferably two fasteners which extend through holes in the housing into engagement with the spacer plate A normally closed shut-off valve may be mounted in the inlet pipe, the \ alve including a closure member which is urged to a closed position, a closure member engaging formation being mounted in the liquid dispensing apparatus such that when the male formation of the mlet pipe is inserted to the inlet port the closure member engaging formation engages the closure member and displaces it away from its closed position to permit the flow of liquid from the mlet pipe mto the flow path and when the mlet pipe is removed from the inlet port the closure member is permitted to return to its closed position thereby cutting off the flow of liquid A filter may be mounted in the inlet pipe upstream of the shut-off valve The liquid dispensmg apparatus may include a reader for reading information on a storage device and a processor linked to the reader and configured to control the operation of the valve means and hence the dispensmg of liquid The reader may include an electπcal contact arrangement against which a storage device, including an electrical circuit configured complementaπly to the electπcal contact arrangement, may be located in electπcal commumcaUon therewith for reading, for example, a microprocessor and associated reader The installation may mclude a remote data access point through which access can be gamed to data stored in the processor. The access point will typically be positioned outside the wall thereby permitting access thereto by the authorities, e.g. a water bailiff. The apparatus will typically be liquid dispensing apparatus of the type described above According to still yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of dispensing a liquid making use of apparatus which includes a flow line \alve means for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow line, processor means for receiving data from a pre-pa\τnent token and for regulating operation of the valve means, which method mcludes the step of signalling to a person that his credit is almost exhausted by operatmg the valve means to pulse the flow of liquid being dispensed According to S'lll a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of dispensing liquid making use of the apparatus which includes a flow line, valve means for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow line, processor means for receiving data from a pre- pa\ ment token and for regulatmg the operation of the valve means which method mcludes the steps of sensing the rate of liquid flow and if the flow rate remain., below a predetermined level 'Or a predetermined peπod of time closmg the valve means to interrupt the flow of liquid According to still another aspect of the invention there is provided a liquid dispensmg apparatus which mcludes a housmg. an mlet port leadmg mto the housmg. an outlet port leadmg from the housmg, flow path defining means within the housmg defining a flow path connecting the mlet and outlet ports m flow communication. first λalve means intermediate the inlet and the outlet port and displaceable between an open position and a closed position to regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path, a processor for controlling the operation of the first valve means. a reader configured to read information stored on payment means m the form of an electronic data storage device and linked to the processor thereby permitting the apparatus to function as a meter or a pre-payment meter, and second valve means intermediate the inlet and the outlet port and displaceable between an open position and a closed posrαon to regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path, the second valve means having an actuating handle receiving portion shaped and dimensioned to receive a removable actuating handle The second vahe means ma}- be configured such that the removable actuating Handle is onh removable from said receiving portion when the valve is the closed position, typicalh in a standpφe type installation However, the second valve means may be configured such that the removable actuatmg handle is onh' removable from said receiving portion when the valve is in the open position, typically in a yard type installation The second vahe means ma}' have one or more parts in common with the first \ alve means Typicall . the second valve means uses the same diaphragm as the first valve means The second valve means removable actuating handle may include the payment means Typically, the removable actuating handle may be in the form of a bar having an actuatmg handle receivmg portion engagmg formation The engagmg formation may be the electronic data storage device of the payment means In one embodiment, the removable actuatmg handle is in the form of a Dallas tag having a magnetic data earner provided thereon, and the actuatmg handle receivmg portion of the second valve means is m the form of a recess sized and dimensioned to snugly receive said handle therein for actuation of the second valve means. In this embodiment, the housmg may have a slot provided therein to permit the insertion and withdrawal of the removable actuation handle mto and from the housmg The liquid dispensmg apparatus may include leakage detection means designed to detect flow below a predetermined level and linked to the processor so that the first valve means is closed should a flow below a predetermined level be detected. Accordmg to still a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of dispensmg liquid making use of the apparatus which includes a flow line, valve means for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow line, processor means including reader means for receivmg data from a pre-payment token and for regulating the operation of the valve means, and a pre-payment token, which method mcludes the steps of bringing said pre-payment token mto data transfer communication with the reader means, reading the pre-pa\ment token into the processor, and if the token is not valid for dispensing the fluid operating the vah e means from the processor to prevent the fluid from being dispensed The last three steps of the abo\e method may be performed m any order or simultaneoush B\ ' not valid in relation to the pre-payment means is meant that the pre-payment means has expired is faultΛ has been reported missing, or the like According to still a further aspect of the mvention there is provided a method of dispensing liquid making use of the apparatus which includes a flow line first valve means for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow Ime. processor means mcluding reader means for recen mg data from a pre-pa\τnent token and for regulating the operation of the first vah e means second valve means for regulatmg the flow of liquid through the flow Ime. and a removable second valve actuating handle mcluding a pre-payment token, which method mcludes the steps of bringing said removable handle mto abutment with the second valve means and data transfer communication with the reader means, actuatmg the second V<IΛ e means by use of said removable handle, reading the pre-payment token mto the processor, and if the pre-payment token is valid for dispensing the fluid, operatmg the first valve means from the processor to permit the pre-paid amount of fluid to be dispensed The last three steps of the above method may be performed any order or simultaneously According to yet another aspect of the mvention, there is a leakage detection means for a liquid dispensmg apparatus as descπbed above, the leakage detection means mcluding a diaphragm locatable radially to a direction of flow of liquid through the liquid dispensmg apparatus, a magnet provided on the diaphragm and displaceable by the diaphragm m sympathy with fluctuations m pressure exerted on the diaphragm, and a detection switch actuatable by proximity to the magnet located on the liquid dispensmg apparatus for detecting displacement of the magnet towards the detection switch Typically , the detection switch is a reed switch of the type having a ferπtic reed, the switch being actuatable b\ the ferπtic reed as the magnet prouded on the diaphragm is displaced towards it The material of manufacture of the diaphragm is carefully selected to be flexible such that deformation of the diaphragm, and thus displacement of the magnet provided on the diaphragm, will occur in response to a pressure fluctuation which is indicative of a leakage condition Typically , the diaphragm is made of a polymeπc material, whether natural or synthetic, having a hardness rating of between 50 and 70 on the Shore A scale, generally about 60 The thickness of the diaphragm may be between 0 2mm and 1 5 mm. typically between 0 3 mm and 1 mm thick about the zone of inflection of the diaphragm Mateπals suitable for manufacture of the diaphragm include both synthetic and natural nitπle rubber, and Neoprene™ Accordmg to yet a further aspect of the mvention. there is provided a fluid flow meter, the flow meter includmg a stator mounted m the flow path and configured to impart an angular direction of flow to liquid passing therethrough, a rotor mounted for rotation m the flow path immediately downstream of the stator. the rotor including a hub and a plurality of circumferenually spaced apart radially extendmg arms and axially extending vanes protruding from the arms The mvention extends to a fluid flow meter mcluding a rotor made of a mateπal havmg substantially the same density as the fluid, the flow of which is to be measured by the fluid flow meter The rotor may be made of H.D.P.E The use of a rotor made from a material havmg a similar density as the fluid, the flow of which is to be measured by the fluid flow meter is that rotor balance and strength problems are less likely to aπse The rotor may be mounted with the vanes extending a ay from the stator The hub may be generally frusto-conical m shape and taper awa-\ from the stator. l e in the downstream direction The vanes may be shaped and dimensioned to optimise hydraulic drag The hub may be hollow to reduce the inertia of the rotor The flow meter may include a magnet mounted on the rotor and a counter ■-.CΛπgured to count magnetic pulses which coπespond to the revolutions of the rotor and hence the liquid flow rate The magnet and counter may be in the form of a magnet and reed switch arrangement, the magnet bemg mounted on a displaceable portion of the rotor and the counter is a reed switch of the type havmg a ferπtic reed, the switch bemg actuatable by the ferritic reed as the magnet ided on the rotor is displaced towards and passes in proximity of the ferπtic reed duπng j tation of the rotor A counter balance weight may be provided on the rotor to ensure rotational b.ι'ai; ' -e of the rotor Typically, the counter balance weight is located on the hub at a position diametrically opposed the location of the magnet Where the fluid flow meter is housed between two surfaces, for example, in a box. the mvention extends further to a method of mstallmg a rotor mto the fluid flow meter to obta the correct axial bearing play, the method including deflecting under a predetermined load the surface to which one of the bearings is fitted i.e the top or the bottom bearing; urging the end of the rotor, and its associated bearing, which are remote the deflected surface, into position; and maintaining a residual deflecting load to maintain the bearings with the correct degree of axial play According to a final aspect of the invention, there is provided a latching solenoid valve an ngement for use in polluted and/or corrosive environments, the latching solenoid ^ alve including a body defining a fluid flow path therethrough between an mlet port and an outlet port. 5 a \ ah e se t located in the flow path between the mlet port and the outlet port, a housmg in the form of a receptacle, and housed mside the housmg one or more electromagnet: a displaceable shaft made of a mateπal capable of bemg drawn towards the electromagnet vvhen the electromagnet is energised. 0 a corrosion inhibiting fluid bathing the one or electromagnet and the shaft, and a resiliency deformable diaphragm attached at one end of the shaft and configured to seal the housing, the diaphragm being urgable by the displaceable shaft under the action of the one or more electromagnet, to seat sealmgly against the valve seat, to inhibit flow through the flcv. path ber een the mlet port and the outlet port, the diaphragm further being configured to bias the shaft 5 into the housmg The one or more electromagnet may be arranged to provide a guide channel or gap ithin which the shaft may be guided durmg displacement between a first position, m which the diaphragm is urged to sea: sealingly against the valve seat, and a second position, m which flow is 0 permitted in the flow path between the inlet port and the outlet port, the electromagnet bemg selected to maintain sufficient residual magnetism to maintain the shaft in substantially its last actuated position, i e. m the vicinity of the first or the second position, until the electromagnet is energised m the opposite direction by means of either switching the polaπty of the energismg current or by energismg a second electromagnet havmg windings of opposite direction to the first 5 electromagnet. The bias of the diaphragm on the shaft assists the electromagnet m the urgmg of the shaft between the first and second positions. The electromagnet may be in the form of a solenoid including an iron containing core having electricity conducting wire wound around said core. J 0 The housmg may be part of the housing of a fluid dispensing apparatus, substantially as described above. The shaft ma\ be made of mild steel or any other sufficiently rigid, magneticalh attractable material which is economically viable to use The shaft may be coated with a friction reducing composition and/or a corrosion reducing composition The corrosion inhibiting fluid ma\ be water, whether ordinary mams water or purified distilled and/or de-iomsed water, to which a corrosion inhibiting substance, selected to be inhibit corrosion of the shaft the core and windings, has been added Typically said fluid is non- toxic to humans at the quantities found m the housmg The diaphragm may be made of any suitable water impervious resiliency deformable mateπal T\pιcally . the diaphragm is made of a polymeπc mateπal. whether natural or SNTithetic ιng a hairiness ratmg of between 50 and 70 on the Shore A scale, generally about 60 The thickness of the diaphragm may be between 0 2mm and 1 5 mm typically between 0 3 mm and 1 mm thick about the zone of inflection of the diaphragm Mateπals suitable for manufacture of the diaphragm include both s\τιthetιc and natural mtπle rubber, and Neoprene™ In one embodiment, the diaphragm of the latching valve is made unitary (from a single piece of mateπal) with the diaphragm of the leakage detection means described above The diaphragm of the latching may be used for leakage detection, as descπbed for the leakage detection means above, thereby removmg the need for a separate leakage detection means The invention will now be descπbed, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional view of a liquid dispensmg apparatus in accordance with the inveraion. Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a liquid dispensing installation incorporating the apparatus of Figure 1. Figure 3 shows an exploded sectional elevation of the installation of Figure 2, Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional exploded view of the liquid dispensing apparatus of Figure 1 Figure 5 shows a plan of a lower part of a housing of the apparatus of Figure 1. Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a stator of the apparatus of Figure 1. Figure 7 shows a three-dimensional view of a rotor of the apparatus of Figure 1 , and Figure 8 shows an axial sectional elevation of the rotor of Figure 7 In Figur p ≤ 2 and 3 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 refers generally to a liquid dispensmg installation in accordance with the invention The installation 10 includes an inlet pipe 12 connected to a supply of pressurised liquid, typically water, an outlet pipe 14 and liquid dispensing apparatus, generally indicated by reference numeral 16 connected in flow communication ith the inlet pipe 12 and outlet pipe . as descπbed m more detail herebelow Referring now also to Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings, the liquid dispensing apparatus includes a housing, generally indicated by reference numeral Ϊ8. an mlet port 20 leading into the housmg. an outlet port 22 leading from the housing, and flow path defining means definmg a flow path 24 (see Figure 3) connecting the mlet port 20 and outlet port 22 in flow communication As can best be seen in Figure 4 of the drawings, the housmg 18 compπses a lower part 26. an intermediate part 28 and a top part 30. each of which is moulded of a synthetic plastics mateπal The mlet port 20 is circular cylindncal m shape and opens mto a first chamber 32 m which is mounted a stator 34 As can best be seen m Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the drawings, the stator 34 is configured to act as a filter The stator 34 has a plurality of cncumferentially spaced helically extending vanes 36 extending outwardly from the centre region of the stator 34 with the gap width between adjacent vanes 36 being selected to inhibit the passage of undesirable particles through the stator 34 A seπes of closure member engaging formations 40 protrude from the stator 34 axially in one direction and a rotor support formation 42 protrudes axially from the stator 34 in the opposite direcnon The apparatus 16 includes a rotor 44 rotatably mounted m the first chamber 32 lmmediateh downstream of the stator 34 The rotor 44 includes a hub 46 from which a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending arms 47. and from the arms 47. axially extending vanes 48 protrude A lower bearing pin 50 protrudes axially from the hub 46 and is supported on the rotor support formation 42 An upper bearing pin 52 protrudes axially from the hub 46 in a direction opposite to the direction of the lower beaπng pm 50 and is supported m a complementary bearing 53 provided in the intermediate part 28 of the housing 18 In order to minimise balance and strength problems, the rotor 44 is made from HDPE. which has density similar to that of water In an embodiment (not shown) the hub 46 is hollow and generally frusto-conical in shape tapering in a downstream direction I e away from the stator 34 A magnet 54 is mounted on that surface of the hub 4b from which the upper bearing pm 52 protrudes Further, a counter balance weight 56 is provided m the surface of the hub 46 at a position diametrically opposed to the opposed to the position of the magnet 54 to ensure that the hub 46 is rotationally balanced A sensor m the form of a reed switch 58 is mounted on the πuermediate part 28 of the housing 18 to sense the passage of the magnet 54 and thereby count the rotations of the rotor 44 The reed switch 58 is connected to a processor (not shown) The outlet port 22 is circular cylindπcal m shape and defines at its inner end a valve seat 60 The outlet port 22 is connected m flow communication with the first chamber 32 by a generally peanut-shaped connecting chamber 62 The apparatus 16 mcludes valve means, generally indicated by reference numeral 64 The valve means 64 mcludes a diaphragm 66 mounted in the connecting chamber 62 and configured to seat sealmgly against the valve seat 60 The diaphragm 66 and mtermediate part 28 of the housmg 18 define between them a vent chamber 68 A vent line 70 leads from the vent chamber 68 mto the outlet port 22 at a position downstream of the valve seat 60. A bleed opening 72 which is of substantially smaller cross-section than the vent line 70 extends through the diaphragm 66 A pin 74 is mounted on the mtermediate part 28 in register with the bleed openmg 72 so as to remove any blockages from the bleed openmg 72 as the diaphragm 66 moves as descπbed m more detail herebelow The vent line 70 comprises an upstream portion which leads mto an intermediate chamber "8 and a downstream portion 80 which leads from the intermediate chamber 78 mio the outlet port 22 The upstream end of the downstream portion 80 of the line 70 defines a valve seat 82 The diaphragm 66 extends mto the intermediate chamber 78 and is displaceable b means of a solenoid 84 mto a closed position in which it seats sealmgly against the valve seat 82 thereb\ inhibiting flow through the vent line 70 The solenoid 84 is sealed into the housing 18 by means of a diaphragm 66 portion 64 1 and includes a core 86 which comprises two pieces 86 1. 86 2 between which is located a shaft in the form of a plastic nail 89 hich is attached to the diaphragm portion 64 1 at one end A magnet 87 is provided on the nail 89 and a ferritic washer 91 further down the nail 89 completes the magnetic circuit required to operate the solenoid 84 The diaphiagm portion 64 1 acts as a spring and biases the nail 89 mto its natural position in which the diaphragm portion 64 1 is r.rt deformed and mto a position in which the diaphragm 66 is urged mto abutment with the \alve seat 82 Flow detection means, generally indicated by reference numeral 90, is provided to sense flow through the channel 70 A magnet 94 is mounted on a flow detection portion 64 2 of the diaphragm 66 When flow takes place through the vent line 70 before valve 64 has opened. pressure drops m the chamber 68 and lifts diaphragm portion 64 2 The magnet 94 is thus lifted towards the ferπtic reed switch 93. which is activated by the proximity of said magnet 94 In another embodiment (not shown), the flow detection means mcludes a fixed magnet and a floating magnet mounted m the vent Ime 70 and configured so as to repel one another Once agam. a reed switch is mounted m the mtermediate part 18 adjacent to the rest position of the floating magnet so that flow urges the floating magnet towards the fixed magnet against the forces of magnetic repulsion thereby activating the reed switch which m turn is connected to the processor From the above descπption, it will be appreciated that the flow path is defined in and between the lower part 26 and mtermediate part 28 of the housing 18 and a suitable seal 102 is provided therebetween The seal 102 mcludes all the diaphragms required for the operation of the device 10 and is moulded from a suitable mateπal. here mtπle rubber, of varying thickness as required for the vanous stiffnesses of the vaπous diaphragm portions 64 1, 64 2. 66 and sealing portions The diaphragm 64 2 mtπle rubber thickness is 0 3 mm thereby making it sensitive to small pressure Λ aπations The top part 30 is mounted on the lower and intermediate parts 26. 28 and defines a chamber 104 within which the processor (not shown) and a power supply in the form of a battery (not shown) are housed. As can best be seen in Figure 1 of the drawings, a tag reader 106 and an electronic display panel 107 are provided on a surface of the top part 30. A switch (not shown) which is configured to connect the processor to a power source can be positioned adjacent to the tag reader 106 and can be activated by means of a magnet mounted on a handle of a tag when the tag is positioned in abutment with the tag reader 106 thereby connecting the processor to the power supply. As can best be seen in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings, the inlet pipe 12 and outlet pipe 14 extend partway through a wall 108 and terminate in male formations 1 10 which are slidingly and sealingly receivable in the inlet port 20 and outlet port 22. Each formation 1 10 is provided with an annular seal 112 to ensure a fluid tight seal between the male formations 1 10 and the inlet and outlet ports 20, 22. In order to ensure that the spacing between the male formations 110 corresponds to the spacing between the inlet and outlet ports 20, 22, use is made of an apertured spacer plate 114 through which the male formations 110 extend parallel to one another. A pair of spaced apart screw-threaded holes 116 is provided in the plate 114 and the apparatus 116 is secured in position by means of a pair of Allen cap screws 118 which extend through holes in the housing into screw-threaded engagement with the holes 116. A tamper indicating cap or plug 122 is provided over the holes through the housing so as to inhibit access to the screws 1 18 and to serve as an indicator if an attempt has been made to tamper with the screw 118. In an embodiment not shown, a non-return valve is provided in the inlet pipe 12. The non-return valve comprises a poppet or closure member which is urged resiliently to its closed position by means of a coil spring. The closure member engaging formation 40 fast with the stator 34 is configured such that when the male formations 110 are received in the inlet and outlet ports 20, 22 it abuts against the closure member thereby displacing it away from its closed position and permitting the flow of liquid through the inlet pipe 12. Further, a filter 130 is mounted in a removable portion of the inlet pipe upstream of the non-return valve, however it can be mounted anywhere in the inlet pipe 12. In use. in order to have water dispensed from the installation 10 a purchaser will purchase from an authority, e g a municipality . a token, e g m the form of a Dallas tag. encoded w ith a predetermined amount of credit When the purchaser reaches his home he inserts the tag into the slot housing the tag reader 106 and the magnet positioned in the handle of the tag activates the switch which energises the processor The processor then reads and stores in its memory the credit contained on the tag and adds the credit to any existing credit In addition, the credit on the tag is cleared The tag also acts as an actuating handle to operate the valve manually to a closed position for a }ard meter installation, or to an open position for a stand pipe installation In Figure 3. 106 indicates the card reader slot displaceably mounted on a pair of coil spπngs 106 1 Further, a shaft 106 2 is connected to the card reader slot 106. such that when the tag is mserted and the card reader slot 106 is urged downwards agamst the bias of the coil spπngs 106 1. the shaft 106 2 presses on a portion of diaphragm portion 64 3 to inhibit the flow of fluid through the vent line 70. thereby prev enting flow of fluid through the flow path 24 between mlet port 20 and outlet port 22. thereby acting as a manual secondary valve means When there is no flow through the outlet port 22. I e when a tap downstream of th outlet port is closed the pressure actmg on the diaphragm 66 urges it against the valve seat 60 When the tap is opened there will be an immediate pressure drop m the vent Ime 70 and hence m the vent chamber 68 thereby permitting the diaphragm 66 to be displaced away from the •■ '.live seat 60 and permitting water to flow from the first chamber 32 mto the outlet port 22 As the water flows through the stator 34 it is deflected helically as it exits the stator 34 the helical flow of the water causes the rotor 44 to rotate It will be appreciated that the water passmg through the rotor 44 will apply an axial drag to the vanes 48 thereby tend g to lift the rotor 34 or displace it away from the inlet port 20 A comcal section 45. configured to match the rotor 44. is fitted over the rotor 44 The comcal section 45 serves to limit short circmtmg of flmd from the stator 34 directly to the chamber 62 without registering a reading on the meter or causmg lateral forces on the rotor 44 In an embodiment not shown, the drag is offset by the taper of the hub 46 which effectively increases the cross-sectional area through which the water can flow thereby decreasmg the velocity and increasing the pressure of the water which tends to urge the rotor 44 in a direction opposite to the direction of the force exerted by the drag on the vanes 48 As the rotor 34 rotates, the reed switch 58 senses the passage of the magnet and the processor registers the number of rotations of the rotor 44 and hence the rate of flow of d e water which is communicated to the processor It ;S to be appreciated that the water exiting the rotor 44 ill still hav e a swirling action and a baffle plate (not shown) may be provided to guide the water into the outlet port 22 When the tap downstream of the outlet port 30 is closed pressure builds up in the outlet port 22 which prevents flow through the vent Ime 70 As a result pressure acting on the diaphragm 66 causes the diaphragm 66 to be displaced mto abutment with the valve seat 60 It will be appreciated that for all this time the core 86 of the solenoid 84 has been in its retracted position so that the diaphragm 66 has been clear of the valve seat 82 When there is no flow of water the processor enters a slumber mode thereby conserving power When the tap is once again opened there will be flow through the vent line 70 which causes the magnet 94 to be displaced and permit the flow detection means 90 to detect flow which will alert the processor which will then record the volume of water dispensed by means of the rotor 44 in the mannei described above and will update the user's credit accordmgly. It will be appreciated that the inertia of the rotor 44 will be very low and that little flow will be required m order to rotate the rotor 44 However, it may be possible that with flow rates below the minimum rated flow rate the rotor 44 will not rotate In this case, the flow detection means 90 will detect the flow in the manner described above thereby activatmg the processor If the processor does not receive a signal from the reed switch 58 within a predetermined peπod of time, e g. three seconds, indicating the rate of flow then the processor will operate the solenoid 84 so that the moveable piece 86.2 of the core 86 is displaced to its protrudmg or extended position (shown in Figure 3 of the drawings) in which it urges the diaphragm 66 against the valve seat 82 thereby preventing flow through the vent 70. This results in a pressure build-up m the vent chamber 68 which urges the diaphragm 66 against the valve seat 60 thereby mterrupting the flow of water. It will then be necessary for a user to reset the installation, e.g. by positioning his tag in abutment with the tag reader 106 which will cause the processor to activate the solenoid to retract the moveable piece 86.2 of the core 86. Once in its retracted position the moveable piece 86.2 is retained in its retracted position against the bias of the diaphragm portion 64 1 by residual magnetism Naturally, should the flow detection means 90 once again detect a flow rate below a predetermined minimum level which is indicative of a leak or that the flow meter comprising the rotor 34 and reed switch 58 is not operating the solenoid will once again be energised to interrupt the flow of w ater in the manner descπbed above It is to be appreciated that in order to displace the piece 86 2 it is necessarv only to assist the diaphragm 64 1 in ov ercoming the force of the residual magnetism which requires very little electrical energv Typically flow rates below the rated flow rates would be symptomatic of a leak Hence, bv making use of the flow detection means 90 leakages may be detected and be shut off As mentioned above when there is no flow through the outlet port and hence through the vent line 70 the diaphragm 66 is urged against the valve seat 60 However when there is flow through the vent line 70 the diaphragm 66 is permitted to be displaced upwardh away from the valve seat 60 Accordtngh . instead of making use of the magnets 92. 94. the flow detection means 90 may include a magnet (not shown) mounted on a pm 150 which is fast with the diaphragm 66 for displacement therewith The pm πdes in a complementary recess 152 m the intermediate part 28 of the housmg 18 The magnet is mounted on that end of the pin 150 remote from the diaphragm 66 Hence, when there is flow through the vent line 70. the diaphragm 66 is displaced upward awav from the valve seat 60 and the magnet mounted on the pm 150 activates the reed switch 98 which in turn activates the processor, in the manner descπbed above, to indicate that there is flow through the vent Ime 70 If. within a predetermined peπod of time, the processor does not receive a signal from the reed switch 58 then the valve means is closed to mterrupt the flow of water and thereby restrict losses due to leakage in the manner descπbed above Further, should the user's credit which is stored on the processor fall below a predetermined level, the processor will activate a warning system to alert the user to the fact this his credit is low The warning system may include a buzzer Instead, or in addition, the processor may be configured penodically to activate the solenoid thereby causmg the valve means 64 to open and close which m turn results m a pulsing of the water flow to provide a visual and/or audible indicator to the user that the credit is low This indication is particularly valuable where the meter is located remote from the dispensmg pomt The remaining credit can be displayed on the display panel 107 Further, if the tag is held against the tag reader for a predetermined peπod of time the total volume of water which has passed through the apparatus is displayed If the user's credit falls below a predetermined minimum the solenoid is operated to close the h e in the manner descπbed above The valve w .ll then remain in this position until the credit is increased bv engaging a credit containing tag m the reader 106 The installation will tvpicalh include a remote access point 134 (Figure 2) positioned for example on an outer surface of a wall of a house in order that access can be gained thereto by a water bailiff and that data stored on the processor can be downloaded simply by pressmg a sensor against the access point 134 Should a user attempt to tamper with the installation the plugs 122 will provide a visual indication that tampeπng or attempted tampering has taken place In addition should the user succeed in removing the screw s 1 18 as the apparatus 16 is re ov ed the closure member (not shown) win be urged to its closed position thereby preventing the flow of water through the mlet pipe and minimising losses in this manner To achieve lower power consumption, the valve means 64 is not switched while sufficient credit remains or no leakage is detected, I e it is left m the "latched open" position Also, the processor is only activated when flow is detected If desired a 'ower power consumption counter can be used for countmg the pu'ses and hence revolutions of the rotor 44 Durmg this counting the processor is kept in the slumber mode to conserve energy Only when the counter buffer is full is the processor brought mto operation and the information contained m the counter buffer is transferred to the processor When the battery does eventually run low a warning is placed on the tag to inform the authoπties that the battery is low and that the apparatus 16 must be replaced The unit is replaced by breaking the seal 122 covering the heads of the screws 118 and removmg the screws As mentioned above, when the apparatus 16 is removed the closure member 126 returns to its closed position thereby shutting off the flow of water through the inlet pipe 12 The liquid dispensmg apparatus units are factory sealed by seals 17 and must be returned to the factory to have the battery replaced and to be recalibrated The centres of the seal 122 are of a thin material This allows the centres to be punched out when inserting an Allen key or similar tool to unscrew the screw s 1 1 When the screws are undone, the remainder of the seals 122 are popped out by knocking the shank of the screw so that the head abuts the remaining sections of the seals 122 and dislodges them from the housing 18 Fresh seals can then be inserted when the apparatus is re-installed The housing 18 is designed to be approximately the same size as a con entional building brick which permits it to be readily mounted in a wall The Inventor believes that an installation in accordance with the invention will provide a cost effective and accurate method and installation for momtoπng the consumption of water In addition, by virtue of the extremely low power requirements of the installation, the Inventor believ es that a conventional battery will have an extended life typιc?!h of the order of five years in addition, by virtue of its modular "plug-m" construction, iht Inventor believes that the apparatus 16 will be relatively easy to install and replace thereby savmg time and improving productivity Further, the Inventor believes that by virtue of the mtegrated construction of the apparatus, I e the fact that the housing comprises three moulded parts which, when assembled, define the Tow path. the mlet and outlet ports and the valve seats 60 and 82 and the fact that the meter, flow control valve, latching valve, filter, tag reader processor, read out and battery are part of or mounted m or on the housing, results m the apparatus bemg producible at a relatively low cost In addition, the configuration of the flow path and the vaπous components of the apparatus have been designed for low flow resistance thereby to rninimise hydraulic losses which the Inventor believes will permit the apparatus to be particularly accurate m monitoring the volume of liquid dispensed

Claims: Claims 1 A leakage detection means for a liquid dispensing apparatus, the leakage detection means including a diaphragm beatable radially to a direction of flow of liquid through the liquid dispensing apparatus. a magnet provided on the diaphragm and displaceable by the diaphragm in sy mpathy w ith fluctuations in pressure exerted on the diaphragm, and a detection switch actu taDie by proximity to the magnet located on the liquid dispensing apparatus for detecting displacement of the magnet towards the detection switch 2 A leakage detection means as claimed in claim 1. wherem the detection switch is a reed switch of the type havmg a magnetic reed of opposite polaπty to the magnet provided on the diaphragm, the switch bemg actuatable by the magnetic repulsion of the magnetic reed ai> the magnet provided on the diaphragm is displaced towards it 3 A leakage detection means as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2. wherein the mateπal of manufacmre of the diaphragm is selected to have a hardness on the Shore A hardness scale of between 50 and 70 4 A leakage detection means as claimed m claim 3. wherem the diaphragm is made of a mateπal having a shore hardness on the Shore A hardness scale of about 60 5 A leakage detection means as claimed m claim 3 wherem the diaphragm is made from a material selected from the group compnsing of synthetic butyl rubber, natural rubber, poly ethylene. nitrile rubber, and Neoprene™ 6 A leakage detection means as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherem the diaphragm is made of nitrile rubber 7 A fluid flow meter for a fluid dispensing apparatus, the flow meter including a stator mounted m the flow path and configured to impart an angular direction of flow to liquid passing therethrough a rotor niυunied for rotation m the flow path immediately downstream of the stator. the rotor includmg a hub and a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart radialh extending arms and axialh extending vanes protruding from said arms 8 A fluid flow meter as claimed in claim 7 wherem the rotor is made from a mateπal having a density similar to that of the fluid the flow of which is to be measured with the use of the meter 9 A fluid flow meter as claimed m any one of claims 7 or 8, wherem the rotor is made from H O P E 10 A fluid flow meter as claimed m any one of claims 7 to 9 which includes a magnet mounted on the rotor and a ccanter configured to count magnetic pulses which correspond to the revolutions of the rotor and hence the liquid flow rate 1 1 A fluid flow meter as claimed in claim i 0. wherem the magnet and counter are in the form of a magnet and ferritic reed switch arrangement, the magnet bemg mounted on the rotor and the counter is a reed switch actuatable by the magnc on the rotor is displaced towards and passes in proximity of the reed during rotation of the rotor 12 A fluid flow meter as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11, wherem a counter balance weight to the weight of the magnet is provided on the rotor to ensure rotational balance of the rotor 13. A latching solenoid valve arrangement for use in a fluid dispensing apparatus, the latching solenoid valve including: a body d fining a fluid flow path therethrough between an inlet port and an outlet port: a valve seat located in the flow path between the inlet port and the outlet port: a housing in the form of a receptacle, and housed inside the housmg: one or more electromagnet; a displaceable shaft made of a material capable of being drawn towards the electromagnet when the electromagnet is energised; a corrosion inhibiting fluid bathing the one or electromagnet and the shaft; and a resiliently deformable diaphragm attached at one end of the shaft and configured to seal the housing, the diaphragm being urgable by the displaceable shaft under the action of the one or more electromagnet, to seat sealingly against the valve seat, to inhibit flow through the flow path between the inlet port and the outlet port, the diaphragm further being configured to bias the shaft into the housing. 14. A latching solenoid valve as claimed in claim 13. wherein the one or more electromagnet is arranged to provide a guide channel within which the shaft may be guided during displacement between a first position, in which the diaphragm is urged to seat sealingly against the valve seat, and a second position, in which flow is permitted in the flow path between -he inlet port and the outlet port, the electromagnet being selected to maintain sufficient residual magnetism to maintain the shaft in substantially its last actuated position, i.e. in the vicinity of the first or the second position, until the electromagnet is energised again. 15. A latching solenoid valve as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the electromagnet is in the form of a solenoid including an iron containing core having electricity conducting wire wound around said core. 16. A latching solenoid valve as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the housing is an integral part of the housing of a fluid dispensmg apparatus to which it is fitted. 17 A latching solenoid valve as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the shaft is made of mild steel, or any other sufficiently rigid, magnetically attractable material.. 18. A latching solenoid valve as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the shaft is coated with a friction reducing composition and/or a corrosion reducing composition. 19 A latching solenoid vah e as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 18. wherein the corrosion inhibiting fluid is water based to ^ hich a corrosion inhibiting substance, selected to inhibit corrosion of the shaft and/or the core and/or w indings has been added. 20 A latching solenoid ah e as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 19. wherein the diaphragm is made of nitrile rubber 21 A liquid dispensing apparatus which mcludes a housing an mlet port leading mto the housing. an outer port leading from the housing. flow path defining means withm the housing defining a flow patch connecting the inlet and outer ports flow communicatioi. and v alve means intermediate the inlet and the outer port and displaceable between an open position and a closed position to regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path, the mlet and ouϋV sorts being spaced apart and parallel 22 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed m claim 21. mcluding a processor contained within the housing for controlling the operation of the valve means 23 A liquid dispensmg apparatus as claimed m claim 21 or claim 22, wherem the housmg is formed from three parts, each of which is moulded of a synthetic plastics mateπal. two of the pirts together definmg the flow path 24 A liquid dispensmg apparatus as claimed m any one of claims 21 to 23, wherem the inlet and outlet ports are parallel and open out of a rear surface of the housing 25 A liquid dispensmg apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 24. wherem the housmg mcludes a front surface which is parallel with the rear surface, and at least one hole extending through the housmg from the front surface to the rear surface through which a shank of a fastener can pass, the hole bemg spaced from and extending parallel to the inlet and outlet ports, a tamper mdicating cap or plug receivable m each of the holes being provided to inhibit access to the fasteners 26 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed m a one of claims 21 to 25. which includes a reader configured to read information stored on pavment means and linked to the processor therebv permitting the apparatus to function as a pre-pavment meier 27 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed in claim 26. wherein the payment means is m the form of an electronic data storage device 28 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed in claim 26 or claim 27. m which the payment means is in the form of a chip car a magnetic data carrier a microprocessor, or the like 29 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 28 which mcludes an electrical pow er source 30 A licuid dispensing apparatus as claimed in claim 29. m which the power source is selected from the group comprising of a battery , an electπcal supply circuit connection, a water powered electricity generating d namo or the luV 31 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 30, further including second valve means intermediate the mlet and the outlet port and displaceable between an open position and a closed position to regulate the flow of liquid through the flow path, the second valve means having an actuatmg handle receiving portion shaped and dimensioned to receive a removable actuating handle and mounted to be biased against actuation thereof, the second valve means bemg configured such that the remo able actuatmg handle is only removable from said receivmg portion when the second valve means is in the closed position 32 A liquid dispensmg apparatus as claimed m claim 31. wherem the second valve means removable actuating handle mcludes the payment means 33 A liquid dispensmg apparatus as claimed m claim 31 or 32, wherem the removable actuatmg handle is in the form of a bar having an actuating handle receiving portion engagmg formation 34 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed in am one of claims 31 to 33 wherem the removable actuating handle is in the form of a Dallas tag having a data carrier pro ided thereon and the actuating handle receiving portion of the second vah e means is in the form of a recess sized and dimensioned to snugly receive said handle therein for actuation of the second vahe means 35 A liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed in anv one of claims 21 to 34 includmg one or more accessorv device selected from the group comprising a leakage detection means as claimed in anv of claims 1 to 6. a fluid flow meter as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 12. and a latching solenoid as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 20 36 A liquid dispensmg installation which includes a liquid dispensing apparatus as claimed m any one of claims 21 to 35. includmg an inlet pipe connected to a pressurised supph of liquid, and an outlet pipe, the inlet pipe and mlet port and the outlet pipe and outlet port being prov ided with complementary formations which are shdably engageable to provide a fluid tight connection between a downstream end of the inlet pipe and the mlet port and between an upstream end of the outlet pipe and the outlet port 37 A liquid dispensmg installation as claimed in claim 36. wherem male formations are provided on the mlet pipe and the outlet pipe which formations are receivable m a liquid tight manner m the inlet port and outlet port, respectively . male/female fashion 38 A liquid dispensing installation as claimed in claim 36 or claim 37. wherein the mlet and outlet pipes are embedded m or extend through a wall, the desired spacing of the male formations, which are typically recessed mto the wall, bemg determined by a spacer plate through apertures in which the male formations protrude, the housmg bemg retained in position by means of at least one and preferably two fasteners which extend through holes m the housing mto engagement with the spacer plate 39 A liquid dispensing installation as claimed in any one of claims 36 to 38 which includes a normally closed shut-off valve mounted in the inlet pipe, the valve including a closure member which is urged to a closed position, a closure member engaging formation being mounted in th liquid dispensing apparatus such that when the male formation of the mlet pipe is inserted into the inlet port the closure member engaging formation engages the closure member and displaces it away from its closed position to permit the flow of liquid from the inlet pipe into the flow path and when the inlet pipe is removed from the inlet port the closure member is permitted to return to its closed position thereby cutting off the flow of liquid 40 A liquid dispensmg installation as claimed in any one of claims 36 to 39 which includes a filter mounted the inlet pipe upstream of the shut-off valve 41 A liquid dispensing installation as claimed in any one of claims 36 to 40. which includes a a reader for reading information on a storage dev ice and a processor linked to the reader and configured to control the operation of the valve means of the liquid dispensing apparatus, and hence the dispensing of liquid 42 A liquid dispensmg installation as claimed m any one of claims 36 to 41. which includes a remote data access point through which access is gamed to data stored m tiV p.υcessor 43 A method of dispensmg a liquid making use of fluid dispensmg apparatus which mcludes a flow Ime. valve means for regulating the flow of liquid through the flow Ime. processor means for receivmg data from a pre-payment token and for regulating operation of the valve means, which method mcludes the step of signalling to a person that his credit is almost exhausted by operatmg the valve means to pulse the flow of liquid being dispensed 44 A method of dispensing liquid making use of fluid dispensing apparatus which includes a flow line, first valve means for regulatmg the flow of liquid through the flow line, processor means including reader means for receiving data from a pre-payment token and for regulating the operation of the first valve means, and a pre-payment token, which method includes the steps of bringing said pre-payment token into data transfer communication with the reader means. reading the pre-payment token mto the processor, and if the pre-payment token is not valid for dispensing the fluid, operating the first v alve means from the processor to inhibit the fluid from bemg dispensed 45 A method of dispensmg liquid making use of fluid dispensmg apparatus which mcludes a flow Ime. vah e means for regulatmg the flow of liquid through the flow Ime. processor means for receiving data from a pre-payment token and for regulating the operation of the valve means which method includes the steps of sensmg the rate of liquid flow and if the flow rate r<.-m?ms below a predetermined level for a predetermined period of tune closing the valve means to interrupt the flow of liquid 46 A method of mstallmg a rotor mto a fluid flow meter compπsmg two spaced apart walls between which the rotor is to be installed to obtam the correct axial bearing play for the rotor, the method including deflecting a first wall to which one bearing on which the rotor will run is fitted, towards a second opposmg wall of the fluid flow meter, under a predetermined load, thereby urgmg the end of the rotor, and its associated bearing, which are remote the deflected first all, mto position, and maintaining a residual deflecting load to maintain the bearings with the correct degree of axial play between the first and second walls

Inventors: FOURIE EUGENE, FOURIE, EUGENE
Applicants: FOURIE EUGENE, FOURIE, EUGENE
Application year: 1999
Main classification: G01M3
IPC codes: G01F1, G01F15, G01M3, G07F7, G07F13, G07F15