Ventilation device for helmets for motorcyclists and the like

Abstract: Ventilation device for helmets for motorcyclists and the like entirely integrated in the helmet body and flush with the external surface of the cap (2). It is constituted by a plate or front covering (1) connected to a back covering (18) through a canalisation (20) forming a duct with the internal surface of said cap (2). Between said front covering (1) and a base plate (24) parallel to it, there is translatably mounted a sliding plate (13) extended so as to slide within said duct up to under said back covering (18). In the front covering (1) there are obtained: a central opening, two side openings (5,6) provided with a wing (5a,6a) openable towards the inside and opposite to closing respectively opening return springs, as well as an opening (7) for a reset key or wing (70) for all the other wings (3a,5a,6a). The device includes between said front covering (1) and said base plate (24) a system of levers and striker plates associated to said sliding plate (13), suitable to allow, by pressing the front central wing (3a), to open only the two side wings (5a,6a) with closing return of the central wing (3a), and then, by pressing again said central wing (3a), to activate and open also the wing (17) of the back covering (18), the closing return action of all wings (3a,5a,6a,17) being realisable by striking said reset key (7a).

Description: The present invention relates to a mechanical device of combined internal ventilation for protective helmets, so designed and realised as to be entirely hidden in the inside of the helmet cap, substantially disappearing therein, and therefore without creating discontinuities on the external surface of said cap. As is known, the protective helmets are usually constituted by a cap, or external shell, from rigid and resistant material, provided on the front, in correspondence of the eyes, with a wide opening closable by means of a visor from liftable transparent material and, in some cases, also removable. The so-called integral helmets have, in the inside of the cap a safety padding and, associated to the latter, a comfort padding from soft material. It is also known that integral helmets, because of their particular structure and the enveloping form, involve the necessity of being internally ventilated by means of the circulation of an air flow in order to avoid the overheating of the head and/or the formation of condensate due to the perspiration of the user (see document EP-A-0 775 453). In order to realise an adequate internal ventilation of the cap, various solutions have been already proposed which are usually based on the principle of capturing air from the outside through openings of various shapes and size, realised in the front part of the helmet, above the visor, of causing it to circulate between the padding layers by means of canalisations of various conformations and positions, and then of exhausting it from the helmet back. A type of integral helmet is also known that includes air intakes in the lower front part, the circulation of said air in the inside of the padding and outlet means both laterally and at the top of the cap, where baffles are provided, suitable to create a depression capable of drawing warm air from the inside of the helmet and exhausting it towards the outside. In practice, it has been observed that the known realisations which include direct air intakes through openings obtained on the front of the helmet, either in the higher part or in the chin protector, usually involve annoying conditions of localised cooling, especially at high speeds, and an insufficient ventilation at low speeds; this is due to the different load losses undergone by the air flow in the canalisations and the deviation and exhaust openings. Besides, the internal ventilation devices have also the drawback of needing means activating the opening and closing wings of air intakes, which are usually constituted by translatable sliders or the like emerging from the external surface of the caps, with evident drawbacks as concerns the aesthetics and the aerodynamics of the cap and the cleaning operation of the same. Object of the present invention is to provide an internal ventilation device for helmets for motorcyclists and the like, and in particular for integral helmets, so designed and structured as to be housed in the inside of the helmet cap, substantially disappearing therein, and to allow an internal ventilation combined and adjustable according to need by means having a conformation such as not to create discontinuities on -the external surface of the cap. Another object of the present invention is to provide an internal ventilation device for helmets and the like, that can be easily hooked to the internal surface of the cap and that is highly reliable. A not least object is to provide a ventilation device so designed as to be adaptable, in a simple and quick way, also to helmets requiring only the direct internal ventilation, i.e. without a system of warm air suction and simultaneous exhaust from the helmet. These and still other objects, as will be better expounded later on, are achieved by a combined internal ventilation device for helmets for motorcyclists and the like, which comprises, according to the invention: a first plate-like element, having a substantially polygonal arched form, constituting a frontal covering that can be fittingly housed in a corresponding opening in the helmet cap and flush with it; a second plate-like element, constituting a back covering, that can also be fittingly housed in a corresponding opening in the cap and far from said front covering; a bearing plate anchored under said front covering and at a short distance from this, in order to define a housing for the kinematic control elements of the ventilation device; two air intakes, obtained in said front covering, laterally with respect to an opening located in central position, and to a further opening designed to house key-means or the like for the closing activation of all the air intakes, said intakes, said central opening and said further opening being closed by wings that can be opened only towards the inside and kept in closing position through suitably preloaded springs; a canalisation connecting the inside of said housing for the control devices with an exhaust opening obtained in said back covering and provided with a wing that can be opened and kept in closed position by a preloaded spring, said canalisation forming a duct with the internal surface of the cap, said duct being intended for the suction of warm air from the helmet and for exhausting it towards the outside of said helmet through said exhaust opening; a plate sliding, with a limited travel, between said front covering and said bearing plate extended in the inside of said duct to allow the activation of said wing closing the exhaust opening of warm air, said sliding plate being provided with means for hooking and unhooking with the end of a positioning lever and a leaf lever so arranged as to allow to sequentially activate both the wings of the side intakes, and the central and the closing ones of all wings, between said sliding plate and said front covering there being also provided a system of fixed strikers located between the wings of the side inlets and said bearing plate, said positioning lever together with said leaf lever and said sliding plate being so arranged as to allow, by means of a first pressure action on said central wing, the opening of only the two side intakes, with return of the central wing to a closing position and, by means of a subsequent pressure on said central wing up to allow its stopping in opening position, also the opening of the wing of the warm air exhaust, the simultaneous return to a position of total closing of all the wings being obtained by a pressure exercised on said key means provided for the closing of all the air intakes. More particularly, said sliding plate is kept pushed towards the back part of the helmet by a preloaded spring placed between the lower bearing plate and said sliding plate. Besides, said positioning lever is centrally hinged on a transversal pin on which also the end of said front central wing is hinged, said positioning lever having also an end in contact, through a preloaded spring, with the lower surface of the wing or closing reset key in a closing position, the opposite end being provided with a hook intended for meshing sequentially with two teeth emerging from said sliding plate, in order to realise, by means of subsequent hookings on said teeth, first the opening of only the side air intakes, then the opening of the central wing and the simultaneous opening of the warm air exhaust outlet. Besides, said leaf is hinged on said sliding plate so as to undergo a translation at the same time as the translation of the sliding plate only in the opening stage of said side air intakes. Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be stressed by the following detailed description, made with reference to the attached drawings, given only by way of non limiting indication, and wherein: figures 1 and 1a show, in section and plan, the ventilation device la for helmets realised according to the invention, with the wings arranged in a fully closing position; more precisely, they show the device in the median section of figure 1a and in side section of the same figure; figure 2 shows, also in section, the device of figure 1a, illustrated with the control central wing in its end of drive position; figure 3 shows, also in section, the same device of figure 1a, illustrated with the central wing closed and the side wings open; figure 4 shows, always in section, the device of figure 1a with the only closing return action wing illustrated in a first lowering position; figure 5 shows still the same device with all the wings of air intake in opening position, i.e. facing the inside; figure 6 still shows the preceding device with the closing return action wing illustrated in a second return position; figure 7 shows a prospect view of the ventilation device according to the invention, illustrated in two separate parts, i.e. the front covering with central and side air intakes and the sliding plate with the back wing separated from the front covering. With reference to said figures and in particular figures 1 and 1a, the ventilation device is illustrated in a perfectly closed position and ready to be inserted in the helmet flush with the external surface of the cap. In substance, the ventilation device is realised in two separate parts, as indicated by A and B in figure 7, which parts are assembled to each other and then fixed with elastic snap fasteners, screws or like means, to the component 21 previously fixed to the cap with rivets or other similar means. More precisely, the ventilation device object of the present invention is constituted (figure 1) by a plate 1 bent according to the bending radius of the part of cap 2 previously provided with an opening wherein said front plate or covering 1 is stably inserted so as not to create discontinuities in the external surface of said cap; to said front covering 1 the ventilation device is anchored which results therefore to be integrated into said cap until it disappears. In the same way, a bearing plate 24 is provided, as a support for the internal gears of part A. As shown in figures 1 and 1a, in said front central plate or covering 1 a wide opening 3 is obtained which is closed by a control wing 3a (fig. 1), openable towards the inside of the cap and hinged on a transversal pin 4, through two triangular and parallel flanges 4a. Besides, on the sides of said central opening 3 two like openings or intakes 5 and 6 are obtained, closed by a wing 5a and respectively, 6a, and then an opening 7 closable by a small closing wing or reset key 7a; also wings 5a-6a of the side intakes 5-6 can be opened towards the inside of the helmet in correspondence of 8-8a. Wings 3a and the total reset key 7a are openable towards the inside and kept in closing position by special preloaded springs, not shown in the figures. Always according to figure 1, the central wing 3a is hinged at 9 to a stem 10 and kept closed by a spring acting between said components 3a and 10; in its turn, the same central wing is rotatably mounted about pin 4. Stem 10 has at its free end a roller or cross-bar 12 placed in touch with a sliding plate 13 whose size and function will be explained later on. The reset key 7a is pushed upwards (in closure) by end 14a of a positioning lever 14, which is hinged on pin 4 whereon also the central wing 3a is hinged, and has at the opposite end a hook 14b intended for engaging on teeth 13b emerging from the sliding plate 13. Besides, with the device in total closing position, the right and left side wings, 5a-6a, are kept in closing position by effect of the contact between a conic rib 15, integral with the internal face of the wings and a wedge shaped element 16 integral with said sliding plate 13; said contact is such as to overcome the springs than tends to open said wings. The ventilation device also includes, as said, the back wing 17 (warm air exhaust) closed against the underlying face of the back covering 18 through the contact between a conic rib 19 integral with the wing 17 and a wedge-shaped element 19a obtained on said sliding plate 13. Said sliding plate 13 is translatably mounted in the two directions in the inside of a tunnel-canalisation 20, which connects group A to group B (fig. 7) and realises with the internal surface of cap 2 a duct having a first converging length and a second diverging length in whose central zone (critical zone) a hole 21 is obtained which, through a hole 21a obtained in the sliding plate 13, puts duct 20 in communication with the inside of the helmet. Besides, the sliding plate 13 is opposed to a spring 13a, intended for keeping the plate pushed towards the back part of the helmet. The device, group A, has also a leaf element 22 which, in the starting position as in figure 1, is hinged in 23 to the sliding plate 13 and results to be superimposed to the cross-bar 12 of stem 10 by effect of the contact between rib 22a obtained on the lower face of the leaf and an inclined wall obtained on the bearing plate 24. This bearing plate forms, together with the front covering 1, the zone housing the gears of group A. The cross-bar 12 of stem 10 is, in its turn, also positionable in contact with a projection 25 obtained on the sliding plate 13, as will be better expounded later on. In figures 1 and 1a, the relative position of all the components of the ventilation device object of the present invention, illustrated in the total closing position, is therefore visible. As concerns the working of the device to pass from the total closing position to the subsequent ones, i.e.: opening of the side intakes only, closing of the same, opening of all the air intakes and closing of the same, reference shall be made to figures 2-6. In fact, figure 2 illustrates the device in the starting opening stage of only the open side intakes 5-6, which stage consists in pressing the front central wing 3a downwards until it reaches the end of travel point, causing it to rotate about pin 4. In this way, it is possible to overcome the force exercised by the spring of stem 10 and, through cross-bar 12, the force exercised by the thrust spring 13a on the sliding plate 13: as a consequence, the relative angle between wing 3a and stem 10 reduces, while the sliding plate translates forwards. At the same time, this latter translation causes the counter-clockwise rotation of the positioning lever 14 about pin 4 by effect of the conic contact existing between said lever 14 and teeth 13b obtained on the sliding plate 13; in such stage, the force exercised by the spring of lever 14 is overcome and there lacks the contact between the latter and the reset key 7a; the coupling between the positioning lever 14 and the teeth realises a ratchet gear and therefore, having surpassed the top of the first tooth, lever 14 slightly rotates clockwise, engaging the first tooth of the sliding plate 13. At the same time and by effect of the translation of the sliding plate, also the contact between the side wedges of the latter and the ribs obtained on the side wings 5a and 6a lacks, and consequently, the springs cause respectively wings 5a and 6a to rotate clockwise, opening the direct side air intakes. The translation of the sliding plate 13 has, instead, no influence at all on the back wing 17, as the cam realised on the same is so designed as to ensure, in this position, the keeping of the closing position of the wing against the back covering 18. During the translation of the sliding plate 13 there increases, instead, the width of hole 21 which connects the converging-diverging duct 20 with the inside of the helmet. As concerns leaf 22, hinged on the sliding plate, one only observes in this stage that there lacks the contact between rib 22a of leaf 22 and the inclined wall of the bearing plate 24; because of the effect of its spring, leaf 22 tends to rotate clockwise, but such rotation is limited by the presence of the cross-bar of stem 10; as a consequence, the leaf undergoes a forwards translation similar to the sliding plate 13, remaining superposed to the cross-bar of stem 10. Figure 3 shows the relative position of the various components of the ventilation device when only the side intakes 5 and 6 are open; in this case, when pressure is removed from the end of travel position of the front central wing 3a, the sliding plate 13 cannot return backwards as the force of the thrust spring 13a is overcome by the ratchet gear realised by the positioning lever 14 with the teeth of the sliding plate 13. Instead, the spring of stem 10 which causes a relative rotation of the latter with respect to the front central wing 3a is free to act, determining an increase of the angle between these two components. It ensues that the front central wing rotates conter-clockwise, returning in closing position against the front covering 1. The rotation undergone by stem 10 involves the sliding of its cross-bar under leaf 22 and above the sliding plate 13; as these two latter components do not translate, at a given point the cross-bar of steam 10 disengages from the lower wall of leaf 22 which, by effect of its spring, rotates clockwise, striking against the sliding plate. Looking at the position of the cross-bar of stem 10 at the end of such stage, it can be seen that, on the front, it is in touch with the vertical end wall of the leaf and, on the back, it is in touch with a contrasting means obtained on the sliding plate. As concerns the side wings 5a-6a, they are in a lower position and let light into holes 24b of the bearing plate 24 which couples with channels obtained in the internal padding of the helmet wherein, as a consequence, air can flow from the outside The reset key 7a, the front central wing 3a and the back one 17 are, on the contrary, closed. Figure 4 shows the device in the closing stage of the side air intakes 5 and 6. In fact, it happens that, if from the direct side ventilation position one wishes to close the system to return to the starting position, it is necessary to strike the reset key 7a. There is so obtained a counter-clockwise rotation of the reset key 7a about pin 4 and, by effect of the contact between the latter and the positioning lever 14, the force of its spring is overcome and the counter-clockwise rotation of the positioning lever 14 is caused. Lacking the hooking between the positioning lever and teeth 13b of the sliding plate, the latter becomes free to translate towards the back of the gear, pushed by the force of the thrust spring 13a. During this translation of the sliding plate 13, also leaf 22 is dragged and, by effect of the conic coupling between its lower rib and the inclined wall obtained on the bearing plate 24, it rotates counter-clockwise at the same time, overtaking the cross-bar of stem 10. This rototranslation of leaf 22 is facilitated also by the contact existing between a rib obtained on the lower wall of the reset key 7a, and the front end of leaf 22. The front central wing 3a remains standstill in closed position, while the sliding plate 13 translates sliding under the cross-bar of stem 10. The same holds good for the back wing 17, whose lower rib 19 slides on the sliding plate 13. On the contrary, the side wings 5a-6a are closed by effect of the conic couplings realised by their ribs 15 against the side wedges 16 of the sliding plate 13. Figure 5 shows the operating stage to pass from the position wherein only the side intakes 5-6 are open to the all-open position. In fact, starting from the position of figure 4, if one presses the front central wing 3a downwards up to the end of travel point, said wing rotates about pin 4. In this way there is overcome the force exercised by the spring of stem 10; thanks to the cross-bar 12 obtained on the latter, which is in touch with the back vertical wall of leaf 22, also the force exercised by the thrust spring 13a on the sliding plate 13 is overcome. As a consequence, the relative angle between wing 3a and stem 10 reduces, while the sliding plate (13) translates forwards. At the same time, this latter translation causes the counter-clockwise rotation of the positioning lever 14 about pin 4 by effect of the conic contact existing between said lever 14 and the teeth obtained on the sliding plate 13; in this stage, the force exercised by the spring of lever 14 is overcome and the contact between the latter and the reset key 7a is lacking; having overcome the top of the second tooth of the ratchet gear, lever 14 slightly rotates clockwise, stopping against the side of the second tooth of the sliding plate 13. At the same time and by effect of the translation of the sliding plate, the side wings 5a-6a undergo a further clockwise rotation, lowering by effect of the respective springs and further opening the direct side air intakes. Leaf 22, hinged on the sliding plate 13, during such stage undergoes only the forwards translation integrally with that undergone by the sliding plate. During the translation of the sliding plate 13, the width of hole 21 connecting the converging-diverging duct with the inside of the helmet increases further. As concerns the back group of the mechanism, the translation of the sliding plate 13 causes in this case the opening of the back wing 17 by effect of the inclination of the conic cam that couples with rib 19 obtained on the lower surface of the latter. Always with reference to figure 5, wherein only the reset key 7a remains closed while all the other wings are open, to better clarify the positions taken on by the various components of the device in a position of total opening, it ensues that when from the end of travel position of the central front wing 3a the pressure is eliminated, the sliding plate 13 cannot go back as the strength of the thrust spring 13a is overcome by the ratchet gear realised by the positioning lever 14 with the teeth of said sliding plate 13. Also the spring of stem 10 cannot substantially act by effect of the contrasting means existing on the locked sliding plate 13, which couples with the back part of cross-bar 12 of stem 10. As a consequence, after a short relative rotation between stem 10 e the central front wing 3a by which the clearances of the mechanism are made up for, the central front wing remains locked in a lower position, lighting the converging-diverging duct realised by tunnel 20. Looking at the position of the cross-bar 12 of stem 10, at the end of such stage it is possible to observe that in the front part it is in touch with the vertical end wall of leaf 22, while in the back part it is in touch with a contrasting means 25 obtained on the sliding plate 13. Even though a spring tends to cause stem 10 to return to a vertical position, this is prevented by the contrasting means obtained on the sliding plate 13. The back wing 17 remains open, allowing the discharge towards the outside of the air coming from the converging-diverging duct 20; from the latter the air goes out that had entered through the front opening 26 opened by the front central wing 3a plus the air extracted in the inside of the helmet which passes first through a suitable channel in the internal padding then into hole 21 obtained in the central part of tunnel 20 and lastly in the opening opened by hole 21a of the sliding plate 13. As concerns the side wings 5a-6a, they remain in lower position, lighting the holes obtained on the bearing plate 24 that couple with channels obtained on the internal padding of the helmet, wherein air can therefore flow from the outside. The reset key 7a is, instead, closed. Figure 6 stresses the sequence of the positions of the components in the closing stage of the device. In fact, if from the ventilation position of figure 5 one wishes to close the system to return to the starting position, it is necessary to strike the reset key 7a. An counter-clockwise rotation of the reset key 7a about pin 4 is obtained and, by effect of the contact of the latter and the positioning lever 14, the strength of a spring is overcome and the counter-clockwise rotation of the positioning lever is caused. Failing the hooking between the positioning lever 14 and the teeth of the sliding plate 13, the latter is free to translate towards the back part of the mechanism, pushed by the strength of the thrust spring 13a. During this translation of the sliding plate 13, also leaf 22 is dragged and, by effect of the conic coupling between its lower rib 22a and the inclined wall obtained on the bearing plate 24, it rotates simultaneously in counter-clockwise direction overcoming the cross-bar of stem 10. This rototranslation of leaf 22 is eased also by the contact existing between a rib obtained on the lower wall of the reset key 7a and the front end of leaf 22. Through the contrasting means realised by the cross-bar 12 of stem 10, the central front wing 3a is pushed until it closes. At the same time, the back wing 17 whose lower rib slides on the sliding plate 13, is brought back to the closing position against the back covering 18. The side wings 5a-6a are closed again by effect of the conic couplings realised by their ribs against the side wedges 16 of the sliding plate 13. Therefore, the simple activation of the reset key 7a causes the positions of figure 6 to return to the position of figure 1, i.e. to the conditions of a fully closed ventilation device. Lastly, figure 7 shows a prospective view of the device object of the present invention, which is illustrated according to two separate parts, i.e., from the front part A separated by the back part B, to better stress especially the duct containing the sliding plate 13. Obviously, in the practice, structurally and functionally equivalent modifications and variants may be introduced in the invention as described and illustrated according to a preferred embodiment, without falling outside the protection scope of said invention.

Claims: A combined internal ventilation device for helmets for motorcyclists and the like, characterised in that it comprises: a first plate-like element, having a substantially polygonal arched form, constituting a frontal covering (1) that can be fittingly housed in a corresponding opening of the helmet cap (2) and flush with it; a second plate-like element, constituting a back covering (18), that can also be fittingly housed in a corresponding opening of cap (2) and far from said front covering (1) ; a bearing plate (24) anchored under said front covering (1) and at a short distance from this, in order to define a housing for the kinematic control elements of the ventilation device; two air intakes (5, 6), obtained in said frontal covering (1), laterally with respect to an opening (3) located in central position, and to a further opening (7) designed to house key-means or the like (7a) for the closing activation of all the air intakes (3, 5, 6), said air intakes (5, 6), said central opening (3) and said further opening (7) being closed by wings (5a, 6a, 3a) that can be opened only towards the inside and kept in closing position through suitably preloaded springs; a canalisation (20) connecting the inside of said housing for the control devices with an exhaust opening obtained in said back covering (18) and provided with a wing (17) that can be opened and kept in closed position by a preloaded spring, said canalisation (20) forming a duct with the internal surface of the cap (2), said duct being intended for the suction of warm air from the helmet and for exhausting it towards the outside of said helmet through said exhaust opening; a plate (13) sliding, with a limited travel, between said front covering (1) and said bearing plate (24) extended in the inside of said duct to allow the activation of said wing (17) closing the exhaust opening of warm air, said sliding plate (13) being provided with means for hooking and unhooking (10-12) with the end of a positioning lever (14) and a leaf lever (22) so arranged as to allow to sequentially activate both the wings (5a, 6a) of the side intakes, and the central (3a) and the closing (7a) ones of all wings, between said sliding plate (13) and said front covering (1) there being also provided a system of fixed strikers (15, 16) located between the wings (5a, 6a) of the side inlets and said bearing plate (24), said positioning lever (14) together with said leaf and said sliding plate being so arranged as to allow, by means of a first pressure action on said central wing (3a), the opening of the two side intakes (5, 6), with return of the central wing (3a) to a closing position and, by means of a subsequent pressure on said central wing (3a), up to allow its stopping in opening position, also the opening of the wing (17) of the warm air exhaust, the simultaneous return to a position of total closing of all the wings being obtained by a pressure exercised on said key means (7a) provided for the closing of all the air intakes. The ventilation device according to claim 1, characterised in that said sliding plate (13) is kept in position by a preloaded spring (13a) placed between said sliding plate (13) and said bearing plate (24). The ventilation device according to claim 1, characterised in that said positioning lever (14) is centrally hinged on a pin (4) transversal relatively to the sliding direction of said sliding plate, and also an end of said front central wing (3a) is hinged on the same transversal pin (4). The ventilation device according to claim 1, characterised in that said positioning lever (14) has an end in touch, through a preloaded spring, with the lower surface of said key (7a) resetting in closing position all the wings, and the other end provided with a hook (14b) intended for meshing sequentially with two teeth (13b) emerging from said sliding plate (13), in order to realise, by means of two subsequent hookings on said teeth (13b), first the opening of only the side air intakes (5, 6), then the opening of said front central wing (3a) and simultaneously with the opening of said front central wing (3a) also, the opening of the wing (17) for the warm air exhaust outlet or opening towards the outside of the helmet. The ventilation device according to claim 1, characterised in that said leaf or rocking lever (22) is hinged on the sliding plate (13) before the two teeth (13b) emerging from the latter, and is intended for translating simultaneously to the translation of the sliding plate (13) only during the opening stage of said side air intakes (5, 6). The ventilation device according to claims 1 and 5, characterised in that to said front central wing (3a) an oscillating stem (10) is hinged, provided with a preloaded spring for keeping the wing in closing position, and, at the free end, with a cross-bar (12) or roller placed in touch with said sliding plate (13) and in touch with a rib (24) emerging from said leaf (22), said leaf (22) being subjected to a rototranslation movement, overcoming said cross-bar (12), only in the closing stage of said side air intakes (5, 6). The device according to the preceding claims, characterised in that on said bearing plate (24), openings are provided in correspondence of the side air intakes (5, 6) and communicating with channels obtained in the helmet padding.

Inventors: GAFFORIO LUCA, GAFFORIO, LUCA
Applicants: OPTICOS S R L, OPTICOS S.R.L.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: A42B3
IPC codes: A42B3