Peltier effect heat pump

Abstract: A heat pump system based on the Peltier effect, built around a transparent or translucent material element and formed by two sheets (1) in which chains of thermoelements (3, 4) are embedded, trapped or inserted, said thermoelements being connected along their respective alternate ends with the aid of parts (2) made of a material with good thermal and electric conductivity properties, which chains are liable of being supplied with external electric energy so that heat transport is based on the direction of the current flowing through said thermoelements.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention refers to a Peltier effect heat pump which provides essentially novel features and considerable advantages over what is presently known in the state of the art. Particularly, the invention proposes the development of a Peltier effect heat pump wherein all or part of its components are fabricated from transparent or translucent material and which comprises a plurality of thermoelectric elements arranged between transparent or translucent plates, embedded in the material and organized according to a pre-established structure for the purpose being sought. The field of application of the invention is related to the air conditioning and the heat transport and transmission sectors, involving heat pumping between two focal points: a source and a sink point. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The current state of the art related to the object of the present invention shows, in general, considerable development in regard to systems which transport heat from a source to a sink using a fluid means of transport. However, very little development is evident in systems which utilize electric current as a means of transporting heat (Peltier effect: e.g. see application by A. Joffe, published under the title "Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling", in Onfosearch, London, 1957). Small size equipment units are presently being built, based on the Peltier effect, for very specific and limited applications. All said applications use conventional cells with constructive features which are very similar to one another: thermoelectric elements through which circulates an electric current giving rise to the known Peltier effect, enclosed in the form of a sandwich between two opaque ceramic or other material plates with good heat transport qualities (a development of this nature has been proposed by Miguel Sanz-Bosch, Rafael Palacios and Antonio Arenas in their paper titled "Thermoelectricity application to cryoconcentration process of fruit juices", International Conference of Thermoelectricity, Pasadena, 1996). The document NL-C-1000729 also suggests using thermoelements in glass panels but the invention is directed to an insulating window, not a heat pump, and it is based on using two glass sheets forming a chamber filled with air. In order to warranty insulation, thermoelements are mounted just in one sheet and they transfer heat from one side to the chamber to overcome insulation looses. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The proposed invention consists in the construction of generic cells or elements for specific applications, all or part of the components being transparent or translucent (glass, methacrylate, polyester, etc.). In the present invention, the thermoelectric elements are embedded in transparent or translucent material (cast, fitted, clasped, etc. in crystal, glass, plastic or similar). Thus, the thermoelectric elements are conveniently grouped or arranged in a manner that, once the generic cells or the specific elements are installed in the desired location, and after supplying the necessary electric current, said parts offer the double function of providing visibility/passage of light and of pumping heat in the desired direction. Therefore, the proposed invention may also be interpreted as a crystal, glass, plastic or simply flat/curved plate having a constant or variable thickness, either transparent or translucent, which upon adding certain elements arranged in a way that, although capable of partially (never fully) annulling their transparent or translucent property and after being supplied with external energy, the natural process of transmitting heat from the hottest to the coldest point may be modified either by enabling said natural process or by inverting it in a manner that the heat may be conveyed by pumping action from the lowest temperature focal point to the highest temperature focal point (active principle). Two types of advantage are provided by the proposed system as compared to present heat pumps used for air conditioning and other applications: Intrinsic to the Peltier effect, such as the absence of moving parts and the absence of heat transporting fluids, and comprised in the application system proposed by the invention, such as the use of a facing in the building itself for installing the heat pump system, with the resulting space saving, or, in the event of transparent or translucent facings, furthermore providing a reduction of their strong influence on the thermal loads applied to the air conditioning system, whatever the type. The reduction in facing luminosity or transparency does not normally constitute a construction problem nowadays, this being a sufficiently high factor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, reference being made to the attached drawings in which, in the form of an example, said preferred embodiment is illustrated. In the drawings: The single figure shows a partially sectioned perspective view of one of the possible construction forms which, as defined hereunder, provides two embodiment alternatives. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT As previously stated, the preferred embodiment of the object of the invention is illustrated in the single figure in the drawing, corresponding to an element fabricated according to this invention and shown partially in section to reveal its internal contents. As shown, the overall invention comprises a plurality of internal chains formed by thermoelements built in the manner described hereunder, an external electric connection with these chains being established through end terminals (5, 5') projecting from the opposite sides of the assembly which form the element of the invention. When a specified potential difference is applied between said terminals (5, 5'), a direct electric current flow is generated through the various thermoelements comprised in each chain. Any one chain comprised in the element of the invention is composed of thermoelements (3, 4) alternatively attached two by two via parts (2), so that the electric current passes once, but only once, through all said thermoelements. Whenever one thermoelement (3) is connected to another thermoelement (4) in the direction of the electric current, the connections with the parts (2) are implemented on the same side of the plate. However, when the connection involves one element (4) to another element (3) in the direction of the current, the connections with parts (2) are implemented on the opposite side of the plate. Thus, current flow produces heat transport (pumping) from one side of the plate to the other in each of the thermoelement pairs (3, 4), depending on the direction of the current. The materials of the thermoelement identified by (3) are all the same, although their properties differ from those of the materials identified by reference (4), which in turn are all mutually alike. Normally, the parts are made of copper or some other appropriate material with good thermal and electric conductivity. It should be understood that all the chains contained in the element of the invention shown in the single figure in the drawing behave in the previously explained manner, and all are liable to be electrically connected in series or parallel, but however in a manner that the heat is transported in the same direction. The upper and lower plates, identified by reference number (1), support all the thermoelement chains comprised in the device, are electrically insulated from the exterior and provide structural strength to an assembly built with transparent or translucent material, as previously described. As illustrated in the figure of the drawing, the example of the embodiment involves a plurality of thermoelectrical element (3, 4) chains formed by connecting one thermoelement (3) to another thermoelement (4) (and vice versa), alternatively through the lower or upper part, by means of an intermediate part (2) having an appropriate configuration and built with a material having good thermal and electrical conductivity properties. A construction of this type enables the electric current to pass from one element to the next in a way that the order of the thermoelectrical materials in the direction of the current is the same for all the chains on the same side of the plate. The connection between the thermoelements (3, 4) and the parts (2) can be implemented by welding. The connection between the various chains may also be achieved internally by means of welding or externally by means of cables. The gap between the chains may be established on the basis of the functional characteristics desired for the assembly and on the transparency desired for the plate, the chain thermoelements normally being opaque. As previously and specifically indicated, the preferred construction of the invention is, namely: The chains are embedded (encrusted) in the transparent or translucent material in each plate (1) or in the base material. The chains may be inserted in the plate prior to the solidification of the plate material, should the plate be formed by casting or molding. The contents of the present description need not be more extensive for an expert on the subject to understand the scope of the invention and the advantages deriving therefrom, and to implement a practical embodiment of its object. However, and in view that the description corresponds merely to an example of an embodiment, it should be understood that multiple detail variations may be introduced within the essence of the invention, particularly in regard to configuration, size and/or construction materials used in the assembly or parts thereof without departing from the inventive scope and limited only by the content of the following claim.

Claims: Heat pump based on the Peltier effect built with transparent or translucent material forming a flat or curved panel with internal thermoelectric chains, any one chain being composed of thermoelements (3, 4) alternately attached two by two through intermediate parts (2), said chains being embedded inside the material and allowing for pumping of heat from one side of said panel to the other side, whereby said chains are arranged in a manner that the transparent or translucent property of it is only partially, but never fully annulled, said thermoelectric chains being supplied with external electrical energy through terminals (5), whereby the natural process of transmitting heat from the higher to the lower temperature side is altered, either enhancing said natural process by transferring more heat from the hot to the cold surroundings, or else inverting said natural process in a manner that heat is transferred from the lower to the higher temperature side.

Inventors: ARENAS ALONSO ANTONIO, ARENAS ALONSO, ANTONIO
Applicants: UNIV PONTIFICIA COMILLAS, UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
Application year: 1999
Main classification: F25B21
IPC codes: F25B21, H01L35