BELT DRIVEN FLUID COMPRESSOR WITH SELF-ADJUSTING BELT TENSIONING DEVICE

Abstract: A compressor (10) includes a prime mover (16) having an output element (18) which supplies a motive force produced by the prime mover, a compression module having an input element (20), motive force transmitting means (17) for transmitting the motive force from the prime mover to the compression module, said motive force transmitting means connecting the output and input elements, and said means having a predetermined required tension. Self-adjusting means (50) is provided applying a substantially constant tensioning force to the motive force, transmitting means to maintain the predetermined required tension in the motive force transmitting means substantially constant.

Description: BELT DRIVEN FLUID COMPRESSOR WITH SELF-ADJUSTING BELT TENSIONING DEVICE The invention relates to a belt driven fluid compressor and more particularly to a belt driven fluid compressor having a self-adjusting belt tensioning device that automatically maintains the required tension in the drive belt during compressor operation. Rotary screw compressors traditionally include male and female rotors having interengaging, axially extending screw profiles. The rotors compress a fluid such as air, as the fluid is conveyed axially between the profiles during rotation of the rotors by a prime mover such as an electric motor. Typically, the male rotor includes an input element or shaft connected in motive force receiving relation with the output element or shaft of the prime mover by a drive belt tensioned with a predetermined required belt tension force. Over time, the drive belt may stretch, or the distance between the output element and input element may change. Belt stretching and varying the distance between the input and output elements will cause the tension in the belt to deviate from the predetermined required tension. When the tension in the belt is not equal to the predetermined required tension value, the operation of the compressor is negatively affected. Therefore it is vital for efficient compressor operation that the predetermined required belt tension be maintained. Helical springs have been included in prior art compressors to try to maintain the required drive belt tension. There are at least two shortcomings associated with using helical springs to maintain the required belt tension. First, by their design, the force exerted by any helical spring varies with its change in length. Therefore, the force exerted by each helical spring is dependent on its location - 2 - relative to the belt. The helical springs are located in positions along the compressor that compress the springs the required amount to produce the total spring force necessary to achieve the required belt tension. However, as the belt stretches, and the springs decompress, the belt tensioning forces produced by the springs decrease resulting in a belt tension that is below the requisite tension force. When the drive belt is tensioned at less than the required tension force the belt is prone to slipping which reduces the efficiency of the compressor. Thus, during compressor operation the helical springs are not self-adjusting and do not continuously maintain the required belt tension in the drive belt. A second shortcoming associated with the use of helical springs to maintain the required drive belt tension relates to the damping characteristics of helical springs. A helical spring has very little damping capacity and use of helical springs in fluid compressors can cause compressor components to oscillate or "bounce" under certain conditions, such as during compressor start up. Additionally, the helical springs do dissipate kinetic energy of the compressor components when a drive belt breaks. Other known mechanisms for maintaining the required drive belt tension require periodic manual adjustment to maintain constant belt tension over time. Such known systems frequently include an extendable and retractable member connected to a pulley, sprocket or other belt support member. When required, the length of the member is altered to move the belt support member and affect the belt tension. Such manually adjustable tension mechanisms are by their very nature not self-adjusting and do not automatically maintain the predetermined required belt tension. Other known belt tensioning systems achieve the required belt tension through the use of complicated, expensive systems - 3 - which frequently incorporate electronic controls to extend or retract hydraulic pneumatic pistons to increase or decrease the belt tension to produce the desired tension in the drive belt. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluid compressor, comprising: a) a prime mover having an output element which supplies a motive force produced by the prime mover; b) a compression module having an input element; c) motive force transmitting means for transmitting the motive force from the prime mover to the compression module, said motive force transmitting means connecting the output and input elements, and said means having a predetermined required tension; and d) self-adjusting means for applying a substantially constant tensioning force to the motive force transmitting means to maintain substantially constant the predetermined required tension in said motive force transmitting means. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a belt driven fluid compressor comprising a compression module driven by a prime mover having a prime mover housing, a belt having a tension, said belt connecting the prime mover and compression module, and a self-adjusting belt tensioning device comprising an anchor bracket connected to the compression module, there being a locator plate connected to the anchor bracket, the locator plate being moveable relative to the anchor bracket, and the anchor bracket having a stop member for limiting movement of the locator plate, said self-adjusting belt tensioning device further including a self-tensioning member having a first end connected to the locator plate and a second end connected to the prime mover housing, said self tensioning member being for maintaining a constant tension in the belt. - 4 - According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of tensioning a belt in a belt driven fluid compressor comprising a compression module driven by a prime mover having a housing, a belt connecting the prime mover and compression modules, and a self-adjusting belt tensioning device comprising an anchor bracket connected to the compression module, a locator plate connected to the anchor bracket and being moveable relative to the anchor bracket, and a self-adjusting belt tensioning device including a self tensioning member having a first end connected to the locator plate and a second end connected to the prime mover housing; the method being characterised by the steps of moving the locator plate in a first direction causing the self-tensioning member to compress and thereby produce the required belt tension. Constant belt tension can be maintained by a self adjusting tensioning device that includes a hydropneumatic actuator or gas spring which incorporates a fully enclosed self-contained gas and oil system as an accumulator. In such actuators, a constant force is exerted by the actuator, and damping can be provided by the actuator during extension, or retraction of the device or during both extension and retraction. Therefore, no matter the position of the tension mechanism a substantially constant tensioning force is provided, and adequate damping can be provided to prevent bounce and avoid sudden movement and dissipation of kinetic energy of compressor components in case of belt breakage. An anchor bracket can be connected to the compression module, and a locator plate can be connected to the anchor bracket with the locator plate being moveable relative to the anchor bracket, and further, the anchor bracket can have a stop member for limiting movement of the locator plate. The locator plate can be rotatable about an axis between a first - 5 - position where the motive force transmitting means tension is not at the predetermined required tension force and a second position where the locator plate is in contact with the stop member and the motive force transmitting means tension is at the predetermined required tension force. Additionally, the locator plate can include a hub having a recess, the hub being adapted to receive a tool or other member for moving the locator plate between the first and second positions. For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a front elevation view of a fluid compressor that includes a self-adjusting belt tensioning device; Figure 2 is a right side view of the compressor of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an isometric view of the self-adjusting belt tensioning device shown in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a right side view of the anchor bracket of the self-adjusting belt tensioning device of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a rear view of the anchor bracket of Figure 4; Figure 6 illustrates extended and retracted positions of the self contained self tensioning member; and Figures 7A and 7B schematically illustrate the movement of the connector plate and self-tensioning member during belt tensioning. - 6 - Referring to the drawings, wherein like parts are referred to by the same number, and particularly to Figure 1, a fluid compressor identified generally at 10 includes a conventional compression module or airend 12 with interengaging male and female rotors (not shown) . The male and female rotors are of a well known type. The compressor rotors are driven by prime mover 16 which is for purposes of the description of the preferred embodiment an electric motor. The motive force produced by the prime mover is transmitted to the compressor airend by belt connection 17 between the prime mover 16 and airend 12. As shown in Figure 1, a prime mover motive force output shaft 18 extends from one end of the prime mover 16 and a compressor input shaft 20 is made integral with the male rotor and extends through an airend endplate 22 and is parallel to the shaft 18. Conventional pulleys 24 and 26 are respectively connected to the output and input shafts 18 and 20. As shown in Figure 2, the pulleys are coplanar. The prime mover 16 is substantially enclosed by prime mover housing 28 having a first longitudinal side 30 and second longitudinal side 32 joined by top 34. The airend 12 is fixed to a tilt table 36 by a weld connection or other well known conventional connection techniques. An elongate rod member 38 extends longitudinally through tilt table 36 and is supported at the ends by first and second support posts 40 and 42 which in turn are fixed to the top 34 of prime mover housing 28. The tilt table is rotatable about axis 39 which is defined by elongate rod 38. Self-adjusting belt tensioning device identified generally at 50 includes an anchor bracket 52 attached to airend endplate 22 by bolts 53, a locator plate 54 which during belt tensioning is movably attached to anchor bracket 52, and a self tensioning member 56 which joins the locator - 7 - plate and bracket 58 fixed to the top housing side 34 (see Figure 3) . The locator plate 54 which is movably attached to the anchor bracket 52 during belt tensioning is fixed to the anchor bracket after tensioning of the belt is completed. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the unitary anchor bracket includes a flange 62 that is perpendicular to the main anchor bracket portion 57 and stop member 64 that is made integral with anchor bracket portion 57 by a weld or other suitable connection. The unitary locator plate 54 is connected to the anchor bracket flange 62 by a bolt connection 66 or other suitable connection member. The bolt connection 66 defines an axis of rotation 67 for the locator plate 54. The locator plate includes a contact edge 55 and two apertures 68 and 70 which are both adapted to receive a post 72 at the upper end of self tensioning member 56. The post is inserted in the aperture that will extend the self-tensioning member 56 the amount required to produce the desired belt tension. For purposes of describing the preferred embodiment, the post 72 is located in the aperture 70, as illustrated in Figure 3. The post 74 at the lower end of the self tensioning member is located in an aperture provided in bracket 58. A square hub 80 is made integral with the plate 54 and the hub includes a recess 82 that is adapted to receive the end of a tool or other elongate member used to rotate the locator plate about axis 67 during tensioning of the belt. Rotation of the locator plate and belt tensioning will be described in greater detail below. The bracket 58 has a substantially L-shaped cross-section with one of the bracket legs fixed to the housing top 34 and the other leg extending upward away from the top housing side. The self-tensioning member 56 is a gas spring which is also referred to as a hydropneumatic actuator. The gas spring incorporates a fully enclosed gas and oil system as an - 8 - accumulator. The operational characteristic of the gas spring 56 that permits the self-adjusting tensioning device 50 to maintain constant tension in belt 17 is the ability to maintain the force exerted by the gas spring constant regardless of the compression or extension of the spring. For example, over time as the belt stretches, the force exerted by the gas spring will remain constant to thereby maintain constant belt tension. Therefore, no matter what the relative positions of the belt tension mechanisms, a substantially constant belt tension force is assured. Additionally, the gas spring provides damping during spring extension, retraction or both. Also the adequate damping characteristics can be provided to prevent "bounce" and avoid sudden movement and dissipation of energy in case of belt breakage. Thus the self adjusting tension device 50 overcomes the shortcomings associated with known conventional belt tensioning devices. Assembly of the device 50 and tensioning of the belt 17 will now be described. The bracket 58 and support posts 40 and 42 are fixed to the housing top 34 in their required locations and then the airend 12 is fixed on table 36. The table is located between the posts and rod 38 is slid through the posts and table and is supported by the posts at the rod ends. Coil springs or other known conventional biasing members may be provided along the length of the rod to maintain the rod above the housing top as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Table 36 is then rotated counterclockwise about axis 39 so that the distance separating the pulleys 24 and 26 is decreased a sufficient amount to permit the belt 17 to be placed around the pulleys 24 and 26. After the belt is placed around the pulleys, the table is released and is drawn upwards by the belt tension to a position above the housing top 34. - 9 - The anchor bracket is bolted to the airend endplate 22 adjacent the pulley 26 so that the flange 62 is facing the housing side 30 and the stop member 64 is along the exterior side of the endplate 22. The locator plate 54 is then bolted to the flange 62 but is not fixed to the flange. Initially, the locator plate is permitted to rotate about the axis 67 defined by the bolt 66. The lower post 74 of the self tensioning member 56 is inserted through the bracket 58 and the tensioning member 56 is permitted to rotate about the post 74. A nut is tightened onto the post 74 to prevent the post from moving out of the bracket 58. Referring to the schematic representations of the device 50 shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the tensioning member 56 is extended and upper post 72 is inserted in locator plate aperture 70. As shown in Figure 7A, when the post 72 is located in the aperture, the plate 52 is rotated clockwise about axis 67 so that plate edge 55 is located away from stop plate 64. After the post 72 is located irr the aperture, a nut is tightened onto the post in the same way the nut was previously tightened to the post 74. Limited rotation of tensioning member about the post 72 is permitted. The end of a tool 90 which may be a wrench, ratchet or the like, is inserted in the recess 82 of the hub 80. The tool is moved in an arcuate counterclockwise path in the direction of arrow 92 and caused the locator plate to rotate about the axis 67 in the same counterclockwise direction. Movement of the locator plate, moves the aperture 70 downward causing the tensioning member 56 to compress - compare Figures 7A and 7B. Continued movement of the tool 90 moves the locator plate 52 which causes the tensioning member to compress. The tool 90 is moved in a counterclockwise direction until edge 55 contacts the stop member 64 as shown - 10 - in Figures 1 and 3. The tool end is then removed from the recess 82 and the belt 17 is tensioned with the requisite force. The tensioning member 56 maintains the requisite tensioning force in the belt 17 during operation of the compressor 10 and thereby provides more efficient compressor operation.

Claims: - 11 - CLAIMS 1. A fluid compressor (10), comprising: a) a prime mover (16) having an output element (18) which supplies a motive force produced by the prime mover; b) a compression module having an input element (20) ; c) motive force transmitting means (17) for transmitting the motive force from the prime mover to the compression module, said motive force transmitting means connecting the output and input elements, and said means having a predetermined required tension; and d) self-adjusting means (50) for applying a substantially constant tensioning force to the motive force transmitting means (17) to maintain substantially constant the predetermined required tension in said motive force transmitting means. 2. A compressor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self- adjusting means (50) for supplying a substantially constant tensioning force is a hydropneumatic actuator (56) . 3. A compressor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the compressor includes a housing (28) substantially enclosing the prime mover (16) , the self-adjusting means (50) having a first end connected to a compression module or airend (12) and a second end fixed to a frame. 4. A compressor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the compressor further includes an anchor bracket (52) connected to the airend (12) and a locator plate (54) connected to the anchor bracket, the locator plate being moveable relative to the anchor bracket and the anchor bracket having a stop member (64) for limited movement of the locator plate. 5. " A compressor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the self adjusting tensioning means (50) has a first end connected to the locator plate (54) . - 12 - 6. A compressor as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the locator plate (54) is rotatable about an axis between a first position where the motive force transmitting means tension is not at the predetermined required tension force and a second position where the locator plate is in contact with the stop member (64) and the motive force transmitting means tension is at the predetermined required tension force. 7. A compressor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the locator plate (54) includes a hub (80) having a recess (82) adapted to receive a member for moving the locator plate between the first and second positions. 8. A compressor as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression module (12) is located above the prime mover (16) , the output element of the prime mover being located below the input element of the compression module and the self-adjusting means (50) extending substantially vertically between the prime mover and the compression module. 9. A belt driven fluid compressor comprising a compression module (12) driven by a prime mover (16) having a prime mover housing (28) , a belt (17) having a tension, said belt connecting the prime mover and compression module, and a self- adjusting belt tensioning device (50) comprising an anchor bracket (52) connected to the compression module, there being a locator plate (54) connected to the anchor bracket, the locator plate being moveable relative to the anchor bracket, and the anchor bracket having a stop member (64) for limiting movement of the locator plate, said self-adjusting belt tensioning device further including a self-tensioning member (56) having a first end connected to the locator plate and a second end connected to the prime mover housing (28) , said self tensioning member being for maintaining a constant tension in the belt. - 13 - 10. A compressor as claimed in claim 9, wherein the self tensioning means for supplying a substantially constant tensioning force to the belt is a hydropneumatic actuator (56) . 11. A compressor as claimed in claim 9 or 10, and the locator plate (54) being rotatable about an axis between a first position where the motive force transmitting means tension is not at the predetermined required tension force and a second position where the locator plate is in contact with the stop member (64) and the motive force transmitting means tension is at the predetermined required tension force. 12. A compressor as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein the locator plate (54) includes a hub (80) having a recess (82) adapted to receive a member for moving the locator plate between the first and second positions. 13. A method of tensioning a belt in a belt driven fluid compressor (10) comprising a compression module driven by a prime mover (16) having a housing (28) , a belt (17) connecting the prime mover and compression modules, and a self-adjusting belt tensioning device comprising an anchor bracket (52) connected to the compression module, a locator plate (54) connected to the anchor bracket and being moveable relative to the anchor bracket, and a self-adjusting belt tensioning device (50) including a self tensioning member having a first end connected to the locator plate and a second end connected to the prime mover housing; the method being characterised by the steps of moving the locator plate (54) in a first direction causing the self-tensioning member to compress and thereby produce the required belt tension. - 14 - 14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the locator plate (54) includes an axis and an edge and the anchor bracket (52) includes a stop member (64) , the method including the further step of moving the locator plate until the edge contacts the stop member. 15. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the movement of the locator plate comprises rotating the locator plate about the locator plate axis. 16. A method as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein the self-tensioning member is a gas spring (56) that is extended and a first end of the gas spring is connected to the prime mover housing (28) and a second end of the spring is connected to the anchor bracket (52) before the locator plate (54) is moved.

Inventors: COOK ROGER, LOWE NORMAN PHILIP, COOK, ROGER, LOWE, NORMAN, PHILIP
Applicants: INGERSOLL RAND EUROP SALES LIM, INGERSOLL-RAND EUROPEAN SALES LIMITED
Application year: 1999
Main classification: F16H7
IPC codes: F04C29, F16H7