SAFETY PEDAL FOR A CYCLE

Abstract: A bicycle pedal is provided with a power source, such as a replaceable long-life battery or a rechargeable battery, recharged, from an external power supply via terminals on the pedal, or, if required, by a solar panel on the cycle, and an electronic circuit for driving a number of light emitting devices (LEDs) positioned to provide rearward facing constant or flashing red light to warn approaching vehicles. The circuit is coupled to switch means, such as a force sensitive switch, so that the illumination is enabled when a cyclist puts pressure on the pedal. The safety pedal may also be provided with a light sensitive switch that acts as a poower saving arrangement ensuring operation of the electronic circuit only when the ambient light level is sufficiently low to require rearward illumination. The pedal may also provide a green, white, or some other non-red light forward facing from the pedal.

Description: SAFETY PEDAL FOR A CYCLE The invention relates to a safety pedal for a cycle. In particular the invention relates to a pedal for a bicycle including means for emitting red light to the rear of the cycle for safety purposes. t is well known to provide pedals with reflectors, particularly amber or red reflectors, to provide rearward reflected illumination for example when lit by light from a vehicle headlamp directed onto the pedal. Passive reflectors rely on light from a vehicle approaching the cycle from the rear. However, the forward pattern of a car headlight beam, particularly with dipped headlights, may not illuminate the pedals of a cyclist until the car is within 40 metres or less from the cyclist. It is also known to provide lateral illumination from the side of the cycle by means of a lamp aligned with the spindle of the pedal. Such an arrangement is disclosed in Belgium Patent No. 854.774 (Emile Gobert) filed 18 May 1977. The lateral illumination may be a useful safety feature at cross-roads, or other circumstances where the cycle is likely to be approached from the side, but the laterally mounted light provides virtually no rearward illumination to warn an approaching vehicle. It has been proposed to use a dynamo on the spindle of a cycle pedal to power a buzzer and/or light emitting device to warn local vehicles or pedestrians of an approaching cyclist. This arrangement cannot be used to alert vehicles approaching the cyclist as it does not operate when the cyclist is stationary, such as when waiting at traffic lights. It may also be impractical as the dynamo output will fall when the pedals are rotating slowly, such as when the cyclist is in high gear. The present invention seeks to provide a safety pedal for a cycle that, in use, alerts the driver of a vehicle approaching the cyclist from the rear. The pedal may be modified to also emit a non- red light, such as green, white or amber, to the front and/or side so as to also alert the driver of vehicles approaching from the front or side. The warning light should be eye-catching and may enhance light from reflectors on the pedals returned toward an approaching vehicle. The light emitted by the pedal may be continuous or may flash to be particularly eye-catching. The rotation of the pedals assists the eye-catching visibility of the emitted light. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a safety pedal, for emitting red light rearward relative to a cycle, including a number of devices for emitting red light, a pedal frame having two sole plates and two directional edges, said frame being arranged to rotate about a spindle for connecting the pedal to a cycle so that the sole plates may be oriented to be either upper or lower sole plates relative to the spindle, and so that the directional edges may be either forward or rearward facing relative to the direction of travel of the cycle, switch means arranged, in use, so that said number of rearward facing devices for emitting red light is coupled to a power source by the action of the switch means and further arranged so that the light is emitted when the pedal is motionless. A pedal may include timing means to maintain the coupling of the said number of devices to the power source after the force switch means has ceased to be activated so that the emission of red light persists from said number of rearward facing devices for a period of time. The force switch means may consist of a pressure operable switch, or a number of pressure switches set in the sole plates of the pedal and arranged to be operated by the foot of a cyclist, or even a micro-switch arrangement within the frame of the pedal and bearing on the spindle of the pedal so that the movement of the frame relative to the spindle when a cyclist presses on the pedal operates the micro-switch. The force switch means may include a movement sensitive switch, such as a gravity or mercury switch, arranged to be operated by movement of the pedal and arranged to facilitate the coupling of power from the power source when a cyclist moves the pedal. Alternatively, the force switch may be a capacitance or inductance actuated switch operated by the proximity of the foot of the cyclist pressing on the pedal. A semi-conductor circuit arrangement may be connected to the force switch means so that the devices for emitting red light are included in both the forward facing edge and the rearward facing edge of the pedal. The circuit arrangement is also arranged to deactivate the forward facing devices for emitting red light are decoupled from the power source. The switch means may be arranged to be operable regardless of orientation or direction of rotation of the cycle pedals. The supply of electrical power to the light emitting devices is preferably intermittent so that, in use, the emitted light flashes. The light emitting devices are preferably semiconductor light emitting devices, known as LEDs, which are combined with reflectors set in the edges of the pedal. Alternatively, the light emitting devices may be filament lamps. When the ambient lighting level is below a pre-set level an ambient light operable switch is arranged to enable the coupling of the power supply to the light emitting devices, the ambient light operable switch may be adjustable according to a number of pre-set ambient light levels, or continuously adjustable within a range of ambient lighting levels to allow for variations in street lighting conditions. A manually operable over-ride switch may be arranged to disable the ambient light operable switch means so that the light sensitive switch may be over-ridden by a cyclist wishing to ensure the emission of light regardless of the ambient light level and a manually operable on/off switch may be arranged to disable the operation of all the light emitting devices. The safety pedal may also include a number of devices for emitting a non-red light, hereinafter called a "white" light, in which some of said number of devices for emitting white light form a forward facing set of LEDs, and some of said number of devices for emitting white light form a rearward facing set of LEDs, the arrangement being such that, in use, said forward facing set of LEDs are coupled to the power source, and the rearward facing set of LEDs are inhibited from being coupled to the power source. The pedal may include rearward facing LED devices for emitting red light and rearward facing LED devices for emitting white light, and forward facing devices for emitting white light and forward facing devices for emitting red light, arranged so that only the red emitting rearward facing devices and the forward facing white light emitting devices are arranged to be coupled to a power source by way of the switch means for coupling the power supply. However, at the same time the supply of power from the power source to the rearward facing LED devices for emitting white light, and the forward facing red light emitting devices is inhibited. The pedal may be weighted, including spring means, to ensure an orientation of the pedal so that said edge of the pedal containing the light emitting devices which in use emit red light faces to the rear of the cycle. The pedal may include an ambient light delay means for delaying the switching off of the coupling to power supply to prevent the light emitting devices from being switched off when vehicle headlights or other occasional light sources illuminate the pedal. The pedal may include a sound emitting device arranged to operate in parallel with operation of the light emitting devices. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a safety pedal including a power switching circuit means, a number of forward facing and a number of rearward facing LEDs for emitting white light adjacent a number of forward facing and a number of rearward facing LEDs for emitting red light, said pedal being arranged, in use, so that only the rearward facing red light LEDs and the forward facing white light LEDs are coupled to a power source by the power switching means, and arranged so that the rearward facing LEDs for emitting white light and the forward facing LEDs for emitting red light are inhibited by the power switching circuit means from being connected to the power source. The pedal may include a number of force sensitive switch means arranged to actuate the power switching circuit means which may include a bi-symmetrical circuit arrangement for controlling the power from the power source. Preferably the power source batteries 3 which may be a removable dry or a re-chargeable battery is incorporated in a cavity in the pedal and the power switching circuit means is arranged to intermittently supply power to the LEDs to cause them to flash. The frame of the pedal may incorporate an electrical socket through which the battery is rechargeable. The pedal may include two force switches in the form of pressure sensitive switches or micro-switches, one in the upper face, and one in the lower face, of the pedal and each arranged to couple the rearward facing red light emitting devices to the power source when a cyclist presses on the upper face of the pedal. It will be appreciated that the upper and lower faces, and the rearward and forward facing edges of the pedal alternate according to the orientation of the pedal. Therefore, the pedal is preferably symmetrical about the spindle axis. This symmetry enables both the left side pedal and right side pedal of a cycle to be the substantially identical. The force switches may be arranged to operate in response to the small degree of play in the mounting of the spindle of the pedal. As a cyclist presses on the upper face of the pedal the relevant force switch associated with the rearward facing red light emitting devices is operated. By linking the force switches to a gravity orientation switch the force switch on the lower face of the pedal may be inhibited allowing the cycle to be stored or parked when the lower face of the pedal is leant against a kerb. Alternatively both force switches may be inhibited by a motion sensor switch means or by the cyclist operating an on/off switch when required. In many countries road traffic laws and regulations permit only red light may be emitted to the rear of a vehicle, except when the vehicle is reversing. Even in those countries in which it is not mandatory to show only red light to the rear, it is generally accepted that a red light is a warning signal. The light that is shown to the front of a vehicle may be white, green, amber or some other non-red light. Cycles and tricycles for small children may utilise the operational features of the invention. Because such cycles are not subject to lighting restrictions they may emit red light in any direction. In some circumstances it is beneficial to emit a non-red light from the forward facing edge or side of the pedal. In addition to red light emitting LEDs, non-red light LEDs are available that emit a range of colours of light such as: green, white, amber light. It will be appreciated that throughout the specification reference to a "white light emitting device" or a "white LED" is to include any non-red light emitting device or non-red LED. The preferred LED for emitting red light is sold under the reference number HLMP-8100-RED, and a suitable green light emitting LED is sold under reference number HLMP-3950-GREEN, and a suitable white light emitting LED is sold under reference number NR73 as sold by Maplin Electronics. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional plan view of a pedal including the safety lighting arrangement; Figure 2 shows the view of the pedal as seen in the direction of the arrow A; Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view on the line B - B of Figure 1; and, Figure 4 shows diagrammatically the bi-symmetrical circuit arrangement for a pedal as shown in Figures 1 to 3. Referring now to Figures 1 to 3, a pedal 1 has a pedal spindle 2 for connecting the pedal 1 to the crank arm of a cycle. The pedal 1 includes batteries 3' and 3" located on both sides of the spindle 2 to act as a power source 3. The batteries may be rechargeable and coupled to terminals (not shown) located on the surface of the pedal and through which the batteries are arranged to be regularly recharged. The batteries may be recharged by a dynamo or solar cells located on the cycle. Alternatively, the batteries may be long life nickel-cadmium batteries that can be replaced by removing plugs 16 to access the battery compartments. It has been found that the safety pedal arrangement was clearly visible up to 100 metres rearward, and 80 metres forward, by using three light emitting devices (LEDs) sold under the reference number HLMP-8100 for red light, and either two green light LEDs sold under reference number HLMP-3950, or, alternatively, two white LEDs sold under reference number NR73 as sold by Maplin Electronics. The attention is drawn to the pedals by making the emitted light intermittent, i.e. flashing. The LEDs may be replaced by filament lamps or other electrically operated light emitting devices. The power source 3 is coupled to the LEDs by way of a bi- symmetrical circuit 4 (shown in detail in Figure 4). The circuit 4 is bi- symmetrical with each half arranged to drive red light emitting devices in one end face of the pedal and white light emitting devices in the other end face. The selection of which half of the circuit 4 is energised is determined by the operation of force sensitive micro-switches 5 and 6 located in the upper and lower faces respectively of the pedal 1. Alternatively, and preferably, the force sensitive switches are located within the pedal and actuated by the small degree or play movement of the spindle 2 as the cyclist presses on the pedal. When the switch 5 is closed the power source 3 is coupled by way of the flasher unit of one half of the circuit 4 to three rearward facing devices 7 for emitting red light, and also to two forward facing devices 8 for emitting white light. The rearward facing devices 7 are positioned interjacent two white light emitting devices 9 driven by the other half of the circuit 4. Similarly, two white light emitting devices 10 on the forward facing edge of the pedal 1 are interjacent the three red light emitting devices 8. The driver circuits for the forward and the rearward facing light emitting devices are substantially identical. Therefore, when the pedal is turned through 180° the second micro-switch 6 is closed by the foot pressure of the cyclist and the red light devices at the other end face of the pedal 1 , which is now rearward facing, are actuated. The force sensor switches 5 and 6 may be connected in series with a gravity sensitive switch 12, arranged so that only the switch on the upper face of the pedal couples the battery to the half of the circuit 4 actuating the rearward facing red light emitting devices and the forward facing white light emitting devices is energised. This arrangement allows the cyclist to park the cycle by resting the lower face of the pedal against a kerb so operating the lower force switch but without actuating the circuit 4 although the force sensitive switch is closed. It will be appreciated that the force sensor switches 5 and 6 may be capacitive or inductive proximity switches actuated by the foot sole of the cyclist. It will also be appreciated that a sensor switch 13 actuated by motion may replace the switches 5 and 6. When the cyclist is at traffic lights, an off time delay should be added to maintain circuit actuation to ensure that light is still emitted from the pedal when it is motionless. The pedal may be weighted, or may have toe-clips on one side, so that one edge of the pedal will always face rearward. This eliminates the need for half of the circuit 4 and the symmetrically positioned forward and rearward facing LEDs. That is to say, white light emitting LEDs only are located in the forward facing edge, and only red light emitting LEDs are located in the rearward facing edge of the pedal. The light emitting devices LEDs 7, 8, 9 and 10 are recessed into the rearward and forward facing edges of the pedal 1. The recesses in the forward and rear edges contain reflector plates 11 through which the LED devices protrude. The reflector plates 11 are preferably coloured amber or red. The pedal may be simplified by having only one forward facing white LED, only one forward facing red LED, only one rearward facing red LED, and, only one rearward facing white LED. The battery 3 is preferably a long-life Nickel- Hydride battery or it may be a Lithium battery capable of maintaining normal operation of the pedal LEDs for a year. The pedal 1 is arranged to rotate about the spindle 2 with the red light LED devices 7 facing rearward and the white light LED devices facing forward of the cycle. This ensures that an observer, such as an approaching car, at the rear of the cyclist observes red light, whereas, an observer in front of the cyclist sees white light. The pedal may rotate in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, and the circuit arrangement is arranged to operate regardless of orientation or direction of rotation. By ensuring that the forward facing devices 10, for emitting red light, are inhibited, an observer is not confused about the direction of travel of the cyclist. Referring now also to Figure 4 the circuit arrangement 4 includes the power source 3, one pole of which is connected to a common earth line 14, and the other pole of which is connected to the force sensitive micro-switches 5 and 6. As each of the switches 5 and 6 are on opposite sides of the pedal so that only one is operated at a time depending on which side is uppermost, this ensures that only one half of the circuit 4 is energised at a time. As the circuit arrangement 4 includes two substantially identical circuits only one of which will be described in detail. The left hand side of the circuit 4 of Figure 4 comprises an integrated circuit flasher unit 17, such as ICM 7555, coupled via driver transistor 18 to the LEDs 7 for emitting red light, and coupled via driver transistor 19 to the LEDs 8 for emitting white light. A delay device 18 is connected to a potential divider comprising a resistor 20 and a light sensitive resistor 19, which is arranged to enable the operation of the flasher circuit when the intensity of the ambient light falls below a pre-set level. The resistor 19 may be fixed during manufacture or arranged to be adjusted over a continuous range of ambient light levels by the cyclist. Therefore the resistor 19 may include a number of pre-set adjustments or may be continuously adjustable. The device 18 has a built in hysteresis so that the circuit is not immediately de-energised when the ambient light level falling on the pedal suddenly rises above the set level, such as when the headlights of a car illuminate the pedal for a transient period. In use the pedal 1 is substantially equivalent in mechanical performance to a standard form of pedal. The mounting onto the cycle uses a standard form of spindle 2. When a cyclist mounts the cycle and places a foot on the pedal, the force switch 5 connects the power source 3 to a power line 21 that supplies power to the flasher units 17. If the ambient light level is sufficiently low the light sensitive resistor 20 is arranged to operate the circuit 18 which provides an enabling signal to an integrated circuit 22 and via a device 23 to the flasher unit 17. It will be appreciated that the symmetrical circuit energised by the closure of the switch 6 operates in a similar manner when the pedal is rotated through 180°. As the pedal 1 rotates through 360 ° the end faces of the pedal may be either forward or rearward facing. An orientation sensitive gravity force switch 15 (not shown in Figure 4) may be provided in place of the switches 5 and 6 to enable the LEDs for emitting red light that face rearward and to enable the LEDs for emitting white light that face forward, and to inhibit the other LEDs. The pedal may be fitted with an audible alarm 24 (shown in Figure 1), and LEDs 25 for emitting orange light may be set in the side of the pedal to warn vehicles approaching from the side. The side facing LEDs 25 may be arranged to flash or to be continually lit. An on/off switch coupled to the power source may be incorporated in the pedal so that the cyclist can turn off the circuit arrangement. An over-ride switch, which may be combined with the on/off switch, may be provided so that the cyclist ensures that the circuit arrangement is actuated and light is emitted under all road, motion and ambient lighting conditions. It will be appreciated that the force sensor switch means may be actuated by the movement of the spindle actuating one or more micro-switches, or directly by the foot of the cyclist. The actuation may be by inductive or capacitive coupling of the foot sole of the cyclist as the foot presses on the pedal. Pedals incorporating the invention may replace existing pedals, alternatively, a circuit arrangement including LEDs, battery and sensor switch means may be encapsulated in a module that can be fitted within an existing pedal.

Claims: Claims 1. A safety pedal, for emitting red light rearward relative to a cycle, including a number of devices for emitting red light, a pedal frame having two sole plates and two directional edges, said frame being arranged to rotate about a spindle for connecting the pedal to a cycle so that the sole plates may be oriented to be either upper or lower sole plates relative to the spindle, and so that the directional edges may be either forward or rearward facing relative to the direction of travel of the cycle, switch means arranged, in use, so that said number of rearward facing devices for emitting red light is coupled to a power source by the action of the switch means and further arranged so that the light is emitted when the pedal is motionless. 2. A pedal as claimed in claim 1 including timing means to maintain the coupling of the said number of devices to the power source after the switch means has ceased to be activated so that the emission of red light persists from said number of rearward facing devices for a period of time. 3. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which the switch means consists of a pressure switch operated by the force exerted by a cyclist pressing on the pedal. 4. A pedal as claimed in claim 3 in which the pressure switch consists of a micro-switch arrangement bearing on the spindle of the pedal. 5. A pedal as claimed in claim 3 in which the pressure switch consists of piezo-responsive switch material set into the upper and lower sole plates arranged so that only the piezo responsive material in the upper sole plate is operated by the force exerted by a cyclist pressing on the pedal. 6. A pedal as claimed in any of claims 1 or 2 in which the switch means consists of a number of proximity switches set in the sole plates of the pedal and arranged to be operated by the presence of the foot of a cyclist. 7. A pedal as claimed in any of claims 1 or 2 in which the switch means includes a motion sensitive switch mounted in the pedal and arranged to be operated when a cyclist moves the pedal. 8. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which the pedal is weighted to ensure an orientation of the pedal so that said edge of the pedal facing to the rear of the cycle contains the light emitting devices which in use emit red light. 9. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim including a circuit arrangement connected to the switch means and in which a number of devices for emitting red light are included in both the forward facing edge and the rearward facing edge of the pedal, said circuit arrangement being arranged, in use, so that said forward facing devices for emitting red light are de-coupled from the power source when the switch means is operated. 10. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which the switch means is arranged to be operable regardless of orientation or direction of rotation of the pedal. 11. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which the supply of electrical power to said number of devices is intermittent so that, in use, the emitted light flashes. 12. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which said number light emitting devices are combined with reflectors set in the edges of the pedal. 13. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which the light emitting devices are semiconductor light emitting devices, known as LEDs. 14. A pedal as claimed in any of claims 1 to 12 in which the light emitting devices are filament lamps. 15. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim including an ambient light sensitive switch means arranged to couple the power supply to said number of light emitting devices, when the ambient lighting level is below a pre-set level. 16. A pedal as claimed in claim 15 in which hysteresis is incorporated into the operation of the circuit arrangement so that the power source is coupled to the rearward facing red light emitting devices when the ambient light level is substantially the same as the pre-set setting switching level and remains coupled until the level of ambient light increases to a level substantially greater than the preset level, when the light sensitive switch means de-couples the power source. 17. A pedal as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16 in which the ambient light sensitive switch is adjustable according to a number of pre-set ambient light levels. 18. A pedal as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16 in which the light sensitive switch is continuously adjustable to operate within a range of ambient lighting levels to allow for variations in street lighting conditions. 19. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim including a manually operable over-ride switch the operation of which is arranged to disable the ambient light operable switch means so that the light sensitive switch may be over-ridden by a cyclist wishing to ensure the emission of light regardless of the ambient light level. 20. A pedal as claimed in any of the preceding claims including a manually operable on/off switch arranged to disable the operation of all the light emitting device. 21. A pedal as claimed in any of claims 1 to 20 in which the pedal includes a number of devices for emitting a white light in which some of said number of devices for emitting white light form a forward facing set of LEDs, and some of said number of devices for emitting white light form a rearward facing set of LEDs, the arrangement being such that, in use, said forward facing set of LEDs are coupled to the power source, and the rearward facing set of LEDs are inhibited from being coupled to the power source. 22. A safety pedal as claimed in claim 21 comprising rearward facing red light LED devices and rearward facing LED devices capable of emitting white light, said rearward facing red light LED devices being arranged to be coupled to a power source each by way of a switch means for coupling the power supply to the rearward facing LED devices, and for inhibiting the coupling of the power source to the rearward facing white light LED devices, so that, in use, the supply of power from the power source is connected to the rearward red light LED devices, but inhibits the supply of power from the power source to the rearward facing white light LED devices, and wherein the pedal is also provided with forward facing white light LED devices and forward facing LED devices capable of emitting white light, said forward facing white light LED devices being arranged to be coupled to the power source by way of a power supply switching means arranged, in use, so that power is supplied to the white light LED devices, and also so that the supply of power from the power source to the forward facing LED devices for emitting red light is inhibited. 23. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim including transient ambient light delay means for delaying the switching off of the coupling to power supply to prevent the light emitting devices being switched off when other vehicle headlights illuminate the pedal. 24. A safety pedal for a cycle including a power switching circuit means, a number of forward facing and a number of rearward facing LEDs capable of emitting white light adjacent a number of forward facing and a number of rearward facing LEDs capable of emitting red light, said pedal being arranged, in use, so that only the rearward facing red light LEDs and the forward facing white light LEDs are coupled to a power source by the power switching means, and arranged so that the rearward facing LEDs capable of emitting white light and the forward facing LEDs capable of emitting red light are inhibited by the power switching circuit means from being connected to the power source. 25. A safety pedal as claimed in claim 24 including a number of force sensitive switch means arranged to actuate the power switching circuit means. 26. A safety pedal for a cycle as claimed in claim 24 or claim 25 in which the power switching circuit means includes a bi- symmetrical circuit arrangement for controlling the power from the power source. 27. A pedal as claimed in claim 26 in which the power source is incorporated in the pedal and the power switching circuit means is arranged to intermittently supply power to the LEDs to cause them to flash. 28. A pedal as claimed in claim 27 including a cavity for housing the power source in the form of a battery which is removable for replacement. 29. A pedal as claimed in claim 27 in which the power source is a rechargeable battery. 30. A pedal as claimed in claim 29 in which socket terminals are provided on the pedal through which the battery is rechargeable. 31. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim including an audible warming device arranged to operate from the same power source and at the same time as the red light emitting devices. 32. A pedal as claimed in any preceding claim in which said number of devices for emitting red light facing to the rear of the cycle, and said number of devices for emitting white light facing to the forward of the cycle, and said number of force sensitive switch means, is each one. 33. A safety pedal as claimed in any preceding claim substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Inventors: KEENA TREVOR BERNARD, SUMNER STEVEN ROBERT, KEENA, TREVOR, BERNARD, SUMNER, STEVEN, ROBERT
Applicants: KEENA TREVOR BERNARD, SUMNER STEVEN ROBERT, KEENA, TREVOR, BERNARD, SUMNER, STEVEN, ROBERT
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B62M3
IPC codes: B62J6, B62M3