BARBELL AND DUMBBELL SAFETY SPOTTING APPARATUS

Abstract: A barbell and dumbbell safety spotting apparatus (30) comprises a frame (32), two booms (54) pivotally mounted to and supported by the frame, two cables (72) respectively movably extending from the booms, two reciprocating drives (96) respectively operably connected to the cables to provide reciprocating movement of the cables, a rotary pawl clutch (116) operably connected to the drives to provide independent reciprocating movement of the cables and a lockable motor assembly (142) capable of selectively retracting and extending the cables. The cables are connectable to a barbell or dumbbells and retract and extend from the respective booms to provide reciprocating vertical movement of the weight assembly in free-weight fashion. The reciprocating drive comprises an endless chain (98) movably and operably extending about a rotatable sprocket gear (100) and a rotatable drive shaft (114) which is operably connected to the motor assembly. A counterweight (104) is mounted to the chain to maintain tension on the cable and assist in retracting the cable. The cables are respectively mounted to the counterweights. Independent reciprocating movement of each reciprocating drive is provided by operably connecting the respective chain to the drive shaft by the rotary pawl clutch. The rotary pawl clutch comprises a pawl base (118), at least one pawl (120) pivotally mounted to the pawl base, a solenoid (122) mounted to the pawl base and operably connected to the pawl to actuate the pawl, and a ratchet-sprocket gear (124) engagable with the pawl. The ratchet-sprocket gear has a ratchet wheel portion (134) and a sprocket portion (136). The pawl base is fixedly mounted to and rotates with the drive shaft. The ratchet-sprocket gear is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft with the ratchet wheel portion adjacent the pawl base and removably engages the respective pawl. Dumbbells are suspended from the respective cables by dumbbell clamps (160) removably attached thereto. Each dumbbell clamp has two spaced-apart plates (162) mounted to one another. Each plate has a notch (166) for receiving a grip (28) of the dumbbell. An elongated slot (168) intersects the notch, and a locking bar (170) is slidably secured therein. A spring (176) is disposed in each slot to bias the locking bar toward the notch to removably engage the grip.

Description: BARBELL AND DUMBBELL SAFETY SPOTTING APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION I. Field, of the invention- The present invention relates generally to the field of exercise equipment. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus which safely self-spots a weightlifter exercising with barbell or dumbbell assemblies . II. Description of the Related Art. Athletes of many disciplines, including weightlifters, improve their strength and endurance by including weight training within their workout regimens. It is generally recognized that superior results occur when the athlete, or lifter, utilizes free weights in the weight training program, which provide the lifter with full range of motion and control. One common and effective program for lifters to increase overall muscle strength is to repetitively lift a predetermined weight for a predetermined number of sets . For maximum body muscle strength, the lifter attempts to exert all of his or her strength on the last one or two repetitions of each set. Another popular and effective program is for the lifter to repetitively lift a predetermined weight until the lifter's muscles reach a point of almost complete exhaustion. However, for the lifter to safely utilize either program with free weights, it is both desirable and generally necessary for the lifter to engage the assistance of one or more spotters to observe the lifter during his or her exercise program. The spotters help lift and remove the weight when the lifter no longer has sufficient strength or energy to place the weight back to a stored position, typically on support arms of a weight support or a weight bench. Conducting these programs without a spotter is extremely dangerous to the lifter. Muscle exertion and exhaustion may cause the lifter to lose control of the weights, leading to the weights being uncontrollably dropped onto and injuring the lifter. Commonly, the lifter is unable to obtain a spotter before commencing the repetitive weight lifting programs of these types. As a result, the lifter is faced with the dilemma of either ignoring proper safety procedures and conducting the weight lifting exercises without the use of spotters or not conducting the weight lifting program altogether. This dilemma can occur whether the lifter utilizes dumbbells or weights removably mounted on a barbell. The weightlifting industry developed various devices that utilize motors to lift a weighted barbell for a lifter and eliminate the need for spotters. Typically, these devices have two movable cables traveling on respective, spaced-apart pulleys located at fixed positions on a frame. Distal ends of the cables are connected to the barbell, and proximal ends of the cables are operably connected to a single motor. The barbell is raised and lowered by respectively retracting and extending the cables by the motor. However, the motor must be activated for the cables to retract or extend, and the cables either extend or retract together, but not independently. Examples of such devices are described in U.S. Patent Numbers 4,949,959 and 5, 048, 826. To provide independent travel of the cables, the weightlifting industry developed devices which utilize a separate motor for each cable. For example, each cable retracts and extends from a drum which is operably mounted to a motor, as shown in U.S. Patent Number 4,998,721. Although each motor can actuate independently of the other, the motors are under constant low-level actuation to maintain tension on the cables, which requires the use of sensors. Also, since the cables respectively suspend from drums located at fixed positions with respect to the frame, the distance between the cables cannot be varied to accommodate different sized barbells or permit the use of dumbbells as "free-weights" with the cables traveling along a substantially vertical path. In an effort to alleviate the requirement of maintaining an actuated motor during a workout , the weightlifting industry enlisted the use of motor-clutch assemblies. For example, as shown in U.S. Patent Number 5,314,394, two sets of chains are disposed on respective upper and lower sprockets . The lower sprockets are mounted onto a rotatable shaft operably connected to a motor through a clutch. An arm support assembly, which receives a barbell, is slidably mounted to vertical shafts and connected to the chains. While the lifter is exercising, the motor is not energized, allowing the shaft to freely spin as the arm support assembly moves along the vertical shafts. Once the lifter desires the device to lift the barbell, the lifter causes clutch to engage the shaft which permits the motor to controllably rotate the shaft and lift the barbell. However, the arm support assembly is not capable of providing "free-weight" full range of motion. Additionally, the chains can not move around their respective sprockets independently of the other. Thus, there remains a need for a free-weight device which self-spots a lifter with the benefit of an unactuated motor or winch. Further, there remains a need for a free- weight device which self-spots a lifter that provides independent reciprocating movement of a pair of cables which are securable from movement to support the weight of the weight assembly. In addition, there exists a need with such a device for a clutch which provides independent reciprocating movement of the cables which are operably connected to the motor. As well, there remains an need for such a device capable of varying the distance between the cables for various sized barbells or for the use of dumbbells. Still, there remains a need for such a device which is capable of securing the dumbbells for a free- weight workout by the lifter. Accordingly, it is to the provision of such that the present invention is primarily directed. SUMMARY OF THE TNVKNTTON This invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a barbell and dumbbell safety spotting apparatus that is simple in design and construction, inexpensive to fabricate, and easy to use. The preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises a frame, two booms supported by the frame, two cables respectively movably extending from the booms, two reciprocating drives respectively operably connected to the cables to provide reciprocating movement of the cables, a rotary pawl clutch operably reciprocating movement of the cables and a motor assembly capable of retracting and extending the cables. The cables are connectable to the barbell or the dumbbells and provide reciprocating movement thereto in free-weight fashion. The booms are pivotally mounted to the frame so that the distance between the cables is variable. The reciprocating drive comprises an endless chain movably and operably extending about a rotatable sprocket gear and a rotatable drive shaft that is operably connected to the motor assembly, which is lockable to prevent rotation of the drive shaft. Counterweights are mounted to the chains to maintain tension on and assist in retracting the cables. The cables are respectively attached to the counterweights to prevent binding of the cables during reciprocating motion thereof or during pivotal movement of the booms. Independent reciprocating movement of each reciprocating drive is provided by operably connecting the respective chain to the drive shaft with the rotary pawl clutch. The rotary pawl clutch comprises a pawl base, at least one pawl pivotally mounted to the pawl base for each ■ reciprocation drive, a solenoid mounted to the pawl base for each pawl to actuate the pawl, and a ratchet-sprocket gear engagable with the pawl. The pawl base is fixedly mounted to and rotates with the drive shaft. The ratchet- sprocket gear has a ratchet wheel portion and a sprocket portion. The ratchet-sprocket gear is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft with the ratchet wheel portion adjacent the pawl base. The ratchet wheel portion has a plurality of substantially evenly spaced indentations along the circumference thereof which are removably engagable with the pawl to prevent both rotation of the ratchet-sprocket gear and movement of the chain such that the respective cable is prohibited from extending from the boom. Dumbbells are suspendable from the respective cables by dumbbell clamps removably attached thereto. Each dumbbell clamp has a two spaced-apart plates mounted to one another and the plates are substantially identical in shape . The plates have a notch for receiving a grip of the dumbbell. An elongated slot intersects the notch, and a locking bar is slidably secured therein. A spring is disposed in each slot to bias the locking bar toward the notch to removably engage the grip, thereby securing the grip within the notch. It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the . designing of other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings showing preferred embodiments of the invention. RRTEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood and the above objects as well as objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a barbell and dumbbell safety spotting apparatus made in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a partial back elevation view of the safety spotting apparatus illustrating reciprocating drives; Figure 3 is a partial top view of the safety spotting apparatus illustrating a cable movably suspended on a boom; Figure 4 is a partial side elevation view of the boom taken along line 4-4 of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a partial front elevation view of a barbell suspended from one of the cables by a combination collar; Figure 6 is a top view of the combination collar; Figure 7 is a partial front elevation view of the barbell suspended from one of the cables illustrating a switch collar; Figure 8 is a top view of the switch collar; Figure 9 is a partial side view of a counterweight mounted to the reciprocating drive; Figure 10 is a perspective view of the counterweight; Figure 11 is a perspective view of a rotary pawl clutch; Figure 12 is an exploded view of a pawl base and a drive shaft; Figure 13 is a perspective view of a ratchet-sprocket gear; Figure 14 is a front view of the ratchet-sprocket gear and a bushing therein; Figure 15 is a partial side view of the ratchet - sprocket gear and bushing taken along line 15-15 of Figure 14; Figure 16 is a side view of the rotary pawl clutch with pawls engaging a ratchet wheel portion of the clutch; Figure 17 is a side view of the rotary pawl clutch with the pawls actuated; Figure 18 is a partial side view of the safety spotting apparatus illustrating another embodiment of the rotary pawl clutch; Figure 19 is a front view of a dumbbell clamp removably engaging a dumbbell; and, Figure 20 is a side view of the dumbbell clamp. The reference numbers in the drawings relate to the following: 22 = barbell assembly 24 = barbell 26 = dumbbell 28 = grip of dumbbell = barbell and dumbbell safety spotting apparatus = frame = vertical support member = boom support = face of vertical support member = aperture = support pin = boom stop = tower section of frame = side wall = top wall = receptacle = stabilizer arm = boom = bar of boom = proximal end of boom = distal end of boom = pulley = boom shaft = pivot pin = shoulder of pivot pin = washer = cable = loop of cable = cable stay = combination collar = bore = female electrical receptacle 84 = eye hook 86 = J-hook 88 = hand switch 90 = suspension collar 92 = electrical collar 94 = collar stop 96 = reciprocating drive 98 = chain 100 = sprocket gear 102 = sprocket shaft 104 = counterweight 106 = opening of counterweight 108 = slot of counterweight 110 = holes of counterweight and chain 112 = stay pin 114 = drive shaft 115 = shaft opening 116 = rotary pawl clutch 118 = pawl base 119 = key slot 120 = pawl 121 = pawl head 122 = solenoid 123 = solenoid arm 124 = ratchet-sprocket gear 126 = key 128 = solenoid bracket 130 = base opening 132 = electrical wiring 133 = hollow of ratchet-sprocket gear 134 = ratchet wheel portion of ratchet-sprocket gear 135 = indentation of ratchet wheel portion 136 = sprocket portion of ratchet-sprocket gear 138 = bushing 140 = core of drive shaft 142 = motor assembly 144 = motor 146 = motor brake 148 = reduction gear 150 = counterweight stops 152 = counterweight switch 154 = junction enclosure 156 = override switch 158 = male electrical connector 160 = dumbbell clamps 162 = plate 164 = post 166 = notch 168 = slot 170 = locking bar 172 = cap 174 = handle 176 = spring 178 = clamp bore 180 = extension switch 182 = retraction switch DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS For a fuller understanding of the nature and desired objects of this invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings . Referring to the drawings wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several figures,' reference is made first to Figure 1. Figure 1 of the drawings illustrates a barbell and dumbbell safety spotting apparatus 30 made in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus 30 is operative for assisting a weightlifter in the use of a weight assembly, such as a barbell assembly 22 or a pair of dumbbells 26, by supporting the weight of the weight assembly upon command of the weightlifter in the event the weightlifter is unable to lift or control the weight assembly. The barbell assembly 22 is of conventional construction and comprises a barbell 24 and a plurality of weights removably mounted thereon. The barbell 24 is further discussed below. Likewise, the dumbbell 26 is of conventional construction and comprises a grip 28 and a pair of spaced apart weights which are either removably or fixedly mounted thereon. With continued reference to Figure 1 and additionally to Figure 2, the preferred embodiment of the apparatus 30 comprises a frame 32, two booms 54, two cables 72, two reciprocating drives 96, a rotary pawl clutch 116 and a motor assembly 142. The cables 72 are connectable to the barbell 24 or the dumbbells 26 and retract and extend from the respective booms 54 to provide reciprocating vertical movement of the weight assembly in free-weight fashion. Normally, the cables 72 extend upwardly from the weight assembly to the respective booms 54. The frame 32 has two forward vertical support members 34 loftily supporting a boom support 36. Along a front face 38 of these vertical support members 34 are a plurality of apertures 40 which removably receive support pins 42. The support pins 42 are provided to receive the barbell 24 when the barbell 24 is not in use. The height of the pins 42 above ground or a supporting surface is variable and can be predetermined by the weightlifter by placing the pins 42 in the desire apertures 40. A plurality of boom stops 44 are disposed along the upper most portion of the boom support 36 at predetermined positions to prevent undesired pivoting of the booms 54. The boom stops 44 allow the weightlifter to adjust and maintain a desired distance between the cables 72 to accommodate various sized barbells 24 or to comfortably conduct a workout utilizing dumbbells 26. Rearwardly disposed in relation to the boom support 36 is the tower section 46 of the frame 32. The tower section 46 has a plurality of vertical support members 34 and side walls 48 mounted to the vertical support members 34. Sound insulation (not shown) is mounted to the side walls 48 within the tower section 46 to reduce noise during operation of the apparatus 30. A top wall 50 is mounted to and supported by the vertical support members 34 of the tower section 46. Extending through the top wall 50 are two cylindrically shaped recepticals 52. Stabilizer arms 53 extend between the upper and lower most portions of the forward vertical support members 34 and the tower section 46 to provide rigidity to the frame 32. With respect to the weight assembly, the stabilizer arms 53 are non-load bearing. Referring additionally to Figures 3 and 4, the booms 54 comprise two spaced apart, elongated bars 56 and have a proximal end 58 and a distal end 60. Two spaced apart pulleys 62 are rotatably mounted on boom shafts 64 between the bars 56 respectively proximate the proximal and distal ends 58 and 60. A hollow pivot pin 66 is mounted to the bars 56 at the proximal end 58, and the pivot pin 66 is matingly and pivotally inserted within the receptacle 52 of the tower section 46. The pivot pin 66 has a shoulder 68, and nylon washers 70 are disposed on the pivot pin 66 between the shoulder 68 and the receptacle 52 to reduce friction therebetween as the boom 54 is pivoted. As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, each cable 72 generally extends upwardly from the weight assembly to the distal end 60 of the boom 54. The cable 72 movably engages the two pulleys 62 and extends downwardly through the pivot pin 66 and the receptacle 52 into the tower section 46. Within the tower section 46, the cable 72 is operably connected to one of the reciprocating drives 96 to provide reciprocating movement to the cable 72. The connection to the reciprocating drive 96 is discussed further below. Referring now to Figures 5 through 8 and generally to Figure 19, the barbell 24 is releasably secured to the cables 72. A loop 74 is formed at the end of the cable 72 and secured with a cable stay 76, as generally shown in Figure 19. In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, two combination collars 78 are mounted onto the barbell 24 proximate each end thereof. The combination collar 78 has a threaded bore 80 and a female electrical receptacle 82 disposed therein. A matingly threaded eye hook 84 is screwed through the bore 80 into secure engagement with the barbell, thereby preventing rotation of the combination collar 78 and shearing of any electrical connections with the female electrical receptacle 82. The barbell 24 is removably attached to the cable 72 by a releasable J-hook 86 disposed on the loop 74 and inserted through the eye hook 84. Left and right hand switches 88 are mounted to the barbell 24 between the combination collars 78 and respectively electrically connected to the female electrical receptacle 82. In the embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8, two suspension collars 90 are mounted onto the barbell 24 proximate each end thereof . Like the combination collar 78, the suspension collar 78 has a threaded bore 80 to receive the threaded eye hook 84 which is removably attached to the cable 72 as described above. Rotatably mounted to the barbell 24 adjacent each suspension collar 78 and opposite one another are electrical collars 92. Each electrical collars 92 has a female electrical receptacle 82 disposed therein which are electrically connected to the respective hand switches 88. Collar stops 94 extend outwardly from the suspension and electrical collars 90 and 92 in an engagable arrangement, as shown in Figure 7, to limit rotation of the electrical collar to a predetermined amount . Referring again to Figure 2 and additionally to Figures 9 and 10, the reciprocating drive 96 comprises an endless chain 98 movably and operably extending about a rotatable sprocket gear 100 and a rotatable drive shaft 114. For each cable 72 there is at least one reciprocating drive 96. A sprocket shaft 102 extends between two side walls 48 in the upper portion of the tower section 46, and the sprocket gears 100 are rotatably mounted on the sprocket shaft 102. To maintain tension on the cable 72 and assist in retracting the cable 72, a counterweight 104 is mounted to the chain 98. The counterweight 104 has an opening 106, and the cable 72 extends through the opening 106. The cable 72 is connected to the counterweight 104 by forming another loop 74 and securing the loop 74 with another cable stay 76, thereby preventing the cable 72 from being withdrawn through the opening 106. The cable 72 descends from the pulley 62 at the proximal end 58 of the boom 54 substantially vertically through the center of the pivot pin 66 and the receptacle 52 to the counterweight 104. In this manner, the cable 72 does not bind as the cable 72 is in reciprocating motion or the booms 54 are being pivoted. On each end of the counterweight 104 are slots 108 to receive an end of the chain 98. The end of the chain 98 is inserted within the slot 108 so that holes 110 extending through the counterweight 104 into the slot 108 and the chain 98 are aligned. Stay pins 112 are inserted into the holes 110 to secure the counterweight 104 to the chain 98. As stated above, the chain 98 is operably and movably disposed about the drive shaft 114. The manner in which each chain 98 of the reciprocating drives 96 is connected to the drive shaft 114 determines whether each cable 72 is capable of independent movement from the other, thereby providing reciprocating vertical movement of the weight assembly in free-weight fashion. Independent reciprocating movement of each reciprocating drive 96 is provided by operably connecting the respective chain 98 to the drive shaft 114 through a clutch independently dedicated to the respective chain 98. In the present invention, the rotary pawl clutch 116 is utilized to operably connect the chains 98 to the drive shaft 114 and maintain independent movement of the reciprocating drives 96. With continued reference to Figure 2 and additionally to Figures 11 through 17, the rotary pawl clutch 116 comprises a pawl base 118, at least one pawl 120 having a pawl head 121 pivotally mounted to the pawl base 118, a solenoid 122 mounted to the pawl base 118 and operably connected to the pawl 120 to actuate the pawl 120, and a ratchet-sprocket gear 124 engagable with the pawl 120. The solenoid 122 has an extendable and retractable solenoid arm 123 pivotally mounted to the pawl 120 to affect pivotal movement of the pawl 120 upon actuation of the solenoid 122. Although not required, two sets of pawls 120 and solenoids 122 are utilized for each ratchet-sprocket gear 124 in the present invention. Even though only one pawl 120 and solenoid 122 set is needed for each ratchet- sprocket gear 124, a second set is provided for safety redundancy in the event one of the pawl 120 and solenoid 122 sets fails to operate. The pawl base 118 is fixedly mounted to and rotates with the drive shaft 114. As shown in Figure 12, the pawl base 118 and the drive shaft 114 have mating key slots 119a and 119b, and a mating key 126 is inserted into the key slots 119a and 119b, locking the pawl base 118 to the drive shaft 114. Solenoid brackets 128 are mounted to the pawl base 118 to receive and hold the solenoids 122. A base openings 130 extend through the pawl base 118 to provide a conduit for electrical wiring 132 that is operably connected to the solenoids 122. As shown in Figure 12, the drive shaft 114 has a shaft openings 115 positioned such that the base openings 130 align with the shaft openings 115. The electrical wiring 132 extends through the base openings 130 and the shaft openings 115 into a hollow core 140 of the drive shaft 114. The electrical connections are discussed further below. As shown in Figures 11 and 13 through 15, the ratchet- sprocket gear 124 has a cylindrically shaped hollow 133, a ratchet wheel portion 134 and a sprocket portion 136. The ratchet-sprocket gear 124 is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 114 with the ratchet wheel portion adjacent the pawl base 118, as illustrated in Figure 11. To reduce rotational friction, a bushing 138, such as a brass bushing, is disposed within the hollow 133 of the ratchet- sprocket gear 124 to rotatably engage the drive shaft 114. The ratchet wheel portion 134 has a plurality of substantially evenly spaced indentations 135 along the circumference thereof. As shown in Figure 14, the indentations 135 are preferably substantially J-shaped. Referring additionally to Figures 2, 16 and 17, the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 is preferably positioned with the ratchet wheel portion 134 adjacent the pawl base 118. The chain 98 engages the sprocket portion 136 in a manner so that upward vertical movement of the respective, operably connected cable 72 provides clockwise rotation of the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 on the drive shaft 114, with respect to the illustrations shown in Figures 16 and 17. In the present invention and as shown in Figure 16, the solenoid arm 123 is preferably normally biased in an extended position, thereby causing the pawl head 121 to engage one of the indentations 135, which prevents counterclockwise rotational movement of the ratche - sprocket gear 124 with respect to the pawl base 118. Actuation of the solenoid 122 results in the solenoid arm 123 being retractable and the pawl 120 disengagable with the ratchet wheel portion 134, as shown in Figure 17. However, due to the J-shape of the indentations 135, the pawl head 121 can not disengage the indentation 135 to permit free rotation of the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 on the drive shaft 114 until the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 is initially rotated clockwise with respect to the pawl base 118. As a result, the respective, operably connected cable 72 must be initially retracted to permit both the pawl head 121 to disengage the respective indentation 135 of the ratchet wheel portion 134 and the solenoid arm 123 to retract and pivot the pawl head 121 outwardly from the ratchet-sprocket gear 124. Referring again to Figure 2, the motor assembly 142 is exteriorly mounted to the frame 32 of the tower section 46. The motor assembly 142 comprises a reversible drive motor 144, a motor brake 146 and a reduction gear 148, all of which are conventional. The motor brake 146 is operably connected to the motor 144 to selectively prevent rotation of its motor shaft (not shown) and armature (not shown) . The motor shaft is operably connected to the reduction gear 148, which is operably connected to the drive shaft 114. While the motor brake 146 is engaged, the drive shaft 114 is prohibited from rotational movement. Electrical actuation of the motor brake 146 is required to release the motor 144 prior to the drive shaft 114 being operable for rotational movement. Further, in the preferred embodiment, loss of electrical power automatically causes the motor brake 146 to engage and prohibit rotational movement of the drive shaft 114. As stated above, the solenoid arm 123 is biased in the extended position. Thus, loss of electrical power causes the solenoid arm 123 to extend and pivot the pawl 120, which causes the pawl head 121 to engage the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 and prevent counterclockwise rotation thereof. Simultaneously, the motor brake 146 engages the motor 144, which prohibits rotational movement' of the drive shaft 114. Because the pawl base 118 is fixedly mounted to the drive shaft 114, the ratchet- sprocket gear 124 is prohibited from counterclockwise movement on the drive shaft. As a result, the cable 72 is prohibited from extending from the boom 54, preventing downward vertical movement of the weight assembly. Now, referring to Figure 18, another embodiment of the rotary pawl clutch 116 is shown in use with the present invention. In this embodiment, there is one pawl base 118 for each ratchet-sprocket gear 124. This embodiment of the rotary paw clutch 116 operates in the same manner as described above. In use with the present invention, the pawl bases 118 are spaced apart on the drive shaft 114 which extends outwardly in both directions from the reduction gear 148. The reduction gear 148 is operably connected to the motor 144, which is mounted to the frame 32 within the tower section 46. As described above, the motor brake 146 is operably connected to the motor 144 and operates as described above. As shown in Figures 2 and 18, counterweight stops 150 are mounted to the frame 32 within the tower section 46 adjacent the sprocket shaft 102 and the drive shaft 114. The counterweight stops 150 are positioned to engage and block the counterweights 104 from contacting the sprocket gears 100 and the sprocket portions 136 of the sprocket- ratchet gears 124 while the chains 96 of the reciprocating drives are in reciprocating motion with the motor 144 disengaged and the rotatory pawl clutch 116 actuated. ' Further, counterweight switches 152 are likewise mounted to the frame 32 within the tower section 46 adjacent the sprocket and drive shafts 102 and 114 proximate the chains 98. The counterweight switches 152 are operably and electrically connected to the motor 144. Upon contact of any of the counterweight switches 152 by a counterweight 104 while the motor 144 is selectively activated and the rotary pawl clutches 116 are not actuated, electrical power is interrupted to the motor 144, which terminates rotation of the drive shaft 114 and prevents the counterweights 104 from contacting the sprocket gears 100 and the sprocket portions 136 of the sprocket-ratchet gears 124. Referring additionally to Figures 1, 5 and 7, the electrical connections and switches of the present invention are conventional. However, the manner of use thereof is not conventional. An electrical junction enclosure 154 is provided to operably and electrically connect the switches generally to either the rotary pawl clutch 116 or the motor 144. Although not required, in the preferred embodiment of the invention the left and right hand switches 88 are operably connected to one another so that both hand switches 88 must be activated to actuated the solenoids 122 of the rotary pawl clutch 116. An override switch 156 is provided so that upon its activation the electrical connection from the hand switches 88 to the solenoids 122 is interrupted, which causes the pawls 120 to engage the ratchet-sprocket gear 124, and the motor 144 is simultaneously activated to retract the cables 72 and raise the weight assembly. As shown in Figures 5 and 7, male electrical connectors 158 are operably and electrically connected to additional electrical wiring 132 which is spiral wrapped around the respective cable 72 and operably and electrically connected to the enclosure 154. The male connector 158 removably engages the receptacle 82 and electrically connects the respective hand switch 88 to the enclosure 154 and the solenoids 122. As stated above, electrical wiring 132 extends from each solenoid through the pawl base 118 into the core 140 of the drive shaft 114. The wiring is operably and electrically connected to the junction enclosure 154 by conventional means. With reference to Figures 1, 19 and 20, as stated above the apparatus 30 is operative to assist a weightlifter in the use of dumbbells 26. The dumbbells 26 are suspended from the respective cables 72 by dumbbell clamps 160. Each dumbbell clamp 160 has a two spaced-apart plates 162 which are substantially identical in shape and are connected to one another by a post 164. The plates 162 have a notch 166 for receiving the grip 28 of the dumbbell 26. An elongated slot 168 intersects the notch 166. Slidably disposed within the slot 168 is a locking bar 170. Caps 172 are mounted to the locking bars 170 opposite one another and slidably engage the respective plates 162 adjacent the slots 168 to retain the locking bars 170 within the slots 168. A handle 174 is mounted to and extends between the locking bars 170. A spring 176 is disposed in each slot 168 to bias the locking bar 170 ' toward the notch 166 and removably engage the grip 28, thereby securing the grip 28 within the notch 166. A clamp bore 178 is provided to engage the J-hook and secure the dumbbell clamp 160 to the cable 72 as shown. By gripping and moving the handle 174 toward the post 164, the locking bars 170 are withdrawn from the notches 166. The dumbbell grip 28 is inserted into the notches 170, and the handle 174 is released. The springs 176 force the locking bars 170 toward the notches 166 and engage the grip 28, securing the grip within the notches 170. Another hand switch 88 extends between the plates 162 proximate the notches 166. Like the barbell 24, a female electrical receptacle 82 is operably connected to the hand switch 88. The male electrical connector 158 is removably connectable to the female receptacle 82. As with the hand switches 88 of the barbell 24 the hand switches 88 of both clamps 160 preferably must be engaged to actuate the pawls 120, thereby releasing the respective cables for independent reciprocating movement. While exercising, should one hand of the weightlifter fail to activate either of the hand switches 88 of the barbell 24 or the dumbbell clamps 160, electrical power is interrupted to the solenoids 122. As a result, the pawls 120 engage the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 and secure the weight assembly from downward movement . Referring again to Figure 1, an extension switch 180 and a retraction switch 182 are mounted to the frame 32 and operably connected to the motor assembly 142 for selectively extending and retracting the cables 72, respectively, while the hand switches 88 are not activated. Activation of the extension switch 180 releases the motor brake 146 and activates the motor 144 to rotate the drive shaft 144 in a direction to extend the cables 72 from the booms 54. Likewise, activation of the retraction switch 182 releases the motor brake 146 and activates the motor 144 to rotate the drive shaft 114 in the opposite direction to retract the cables 72. By releasing either of the switches 180 and 182, electrical power to the motor 144 is interrupted and the motor brake 146 engages the motor 144, securing the drive shaft 114 from rotation. Although not shown, counterbalance weights having the same weight as the counterweights 104 are mounted to either the cables 72 or to the barbell 24 and the dumbbell clamps 160. As such, the weightlifter is lifting the true weight of the weight assembly as in free-weight fashion. In operation, the weightlifter depresses both hand switches 88 of the barbell 24 or the dumbbell clamps 160 to actuate the solenoids 122, which disengages the pawls 120 from the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 and releases the weight assembly for reciprocating vertical movement. Upon completion of the exercise, the weightlifter releases either or both of the hand switches 88, thereby interrupting electrical power to the solenoids 122 and causing the pawls 120 to engage the ratchet-sprocket gear 124 to secure the cables 72 from vertical movement. With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. It is apparent that the J-shaped indentations 135 can be oriented in the opposite direction on the ratchet wheel portion 134 as shown in the aforementioned drawings, and accordingly is included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, various modifications may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof and it is desired, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are imposed by the prior art and which are set forth in the appended claims.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a weight assembly, comprising: cable means releasably securable to the weight assembly; support means for supporting a portion of the cable means at a point above the weight assembly so that the cable means normally extends upwardly from the weight assembly to the support means; retracting means actuatable for selectively retracting the cable means; clutch means operably connected to the retracting means actuatable for selectively disconnecting the cable means from the retracting means; and reciprocating means operably connected to the clutch means for retracting and extending the cable means as the weight assembly is reciprocatably vertically moved in free- weight fashion. 2. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising brake means operably connected to the retracting means for securing the cable means from movement . 3. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, further comprising switch means for actuating the clutch means, whereby the cable means is freely movable. 4. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a weight assembly, comprising: a frame; two spaced-apart cables movably extending from the frame and securable to the weight assembly; two spaced-apart reciprocating drives mounted to the frame and respectively connected to the cables for providing reciprocating movement to the cables ,- an actuatable motor operably connected to the reciprocating drives for selectively retracting the cables; and an actuatable rotary pawl clutch operably disposed between the motor and the reciprocating drives for selectively disconnecting the reciprocating drives from the motor, whereby each cable is reciprocatably moveable independent of the other to allow the weight assembly to be reciprocatably moved in free-weight fashion. 5. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, further comprising a motor brake operably connected to the motor for securing the cables from movement. 6. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, further comprising a hand switch operably connected to the rotary pawl clutch for selectively actuating the clutch to release the reciprocating drives. 7. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, further comprising an override switch operably connected to the rotary pawl clutch for operably disconnecting the hand switch and the motor for actuating the motor and retracting the cables. 8. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the motor has a drive shaft rotatable upon actuation of the motor and the rotary pawl clutch comprises : at least one pawl base mounted to the drive shaft; at least two ratche -sprocket gears rotatably mounted to the drive shaft and having a ratchet wheel portion and a sprocket portion; and at least two spaced-apart actuatable pawls pivotally mounted to the at least one pawl base, each pawl removably engaging the respective ratchet wheel portion for securing the ratchet-sprocket gear from rotational movement about the drive shaft, and the sprocket portion engaging the respective reciprocating drive, whereby actuation of the pawls releases the ratchet-sprocket gears to provide independent movement of the respective reciprocating drives . 9. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, further comprising at least two solenoids mounted to the pawl base and respectively operably connected to the at least two pawls for actuating the pawls. 10. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the reciprocating drive comprises : a sprocket rotatably mounted to the frame; and a chain movably coupling the sprocket to the rotary pawl clutch. 11. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, further comprising biasing means for maintaining tension on the cables. 12. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, further comprising a counterweight mounted to the chain to maintain tension on the cable. 13. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, further comprising two booms pivotally mounted to the frame and movably suspending a portion of the respective cables so that the cable normally extends upwardly from the weight assembly, whereby distance between the suspended portions of the cables is variable. 14. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the weight assembly is a pair of dumbbells and the apparatus further comprises dumbbell clamps securable to the cables for releasably engaging the dumbbells, each dumbbell clamp comprising: two spaced-apart substantially identical plates having ' a notch for receiving a grip of the dumbbell and an elongated slot intersecting the notch; a locking bar slidably disposed within each slot; and biasing means for biasing the locking bar toward the slot, whereby the locking bars removably engage and secure the grip within the notch. 15. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, further comprising a switch operably connected to the rotary pawl clutch for selectively actuating the clutch to release the reciprocating drives. 16. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a weight assembly, comprising: a frame ; at least one cable movably extending from the frame and securable to the weight assembly; at least one reciprocating drive mounted to the frame and connected to the at least one cable for providing reciprocating movement to the at least one cable; an actuatable motor operably connected to the at least one reciprocating drive for selectively retracting the at least one cable; and an actuatable rotary pawl clutch operably disposed between the motor and the at least one reciprocating drive for selectively disconnecting the at least one reciprocating drive from the motor, whereby the at least one cable is reciprocatably movable to allow the weight assembly to be reciprocatably moved in free-weight fashion. 17. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 16, further comprising a motor brake operably connected to the motor for securing the at least one cable from movement. 18. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 17, further comprising a switch operably connected to the rotary pawl clutch for selectively actuating the clutch to release the at least one reciprocating drive. 19. The safety spotting apparatus as claimed in Claim 16, further comprising a boom pivotally mounted to the frame and movably supporting the at least one cable. 20. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a weight assembly, comprising: a frame; at least one cable movably extending from the frame and securable to the weight assembly; at least one reciprocating drive for each cable mounted to the frame and respectively connected to the at least one cable for providing reciprocating movement to the cables; an actuatable motor operably connected to the at least one reciprocating drive for selectively retracting the at least one cable; and an actuatable clutch for each reciprocating drive operably disposed between the motor and the at least one reciprocating drive for selectively disconnecting the at least one reciprocating drive from the motor, whereby the at least one cable is reciprocatably moveable to allow the weight assembly to be reciprocatably moved in free-weight fashion. 21. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a weight assembly, comprising: a frame ; at least one boom pivotally mounted to the frame; at least one cable movably extending from the at least one boom and securable to the weight assembly; at least one reciprocating drive for each cable mounted to the frame and respectively connected to the at least one cable for providing reciprocating movement to the cables; an actuatable motor operably connected to the at least one reciprocating drive for selectively retracting the at least one cable; and an actuatable clutch for each reciprocating drive operably disposed between the motor and the at least one reciprocating drive for selectively disconnecting the at least one reciprocating drive from the motor, whereby the at least one cable is reciprocatably moveable to allow the weight assembly to be reciprocatably moved in free-weight fashion. 22. A rotary pawl clutch for use with a rotatable drive shaft, comprising: a pawl base mountable to the drive shaft; at least one ratchet wheel rotatably mountable to the drive shaft; and at least one actuatable pawl pivotally mounted to the pawl base releasably engaging the at least one ratchet wheel . 23. The rotary pawl clutch as claimed in Claim 19, further comprising at least one solenoid mounted to the pawl base and operably connected to the at least one pawl for actuating the at least one pawl. 24. A dumbbell clamp connectable with a cable for use in suspending a dumbbell from the cable, the clamp comprising: two spaced-apart plates being connected to one another and each plate having a notch for receiving a grip of the dumbbell and an elongated slot intersecting the notch, at least one of the plates connectable to the cable; a locking bar slidably disposed within each slot; and biasing means for biasing the locking bar toward the notch, whereby the locking bars removably engage and secure the grip within the notch. 25. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a free-weight assembly, the apparatus comprising: a frame comprising a support unit fixed to the frame; a first flexible cable disposed on the frame to support the free-weight assembly against gravity, the first cable comprising a first end releasably attachable to the free-weight assembly and a second end operably connected to the support unit by a first weight- responsive engagement assembly; a second flexible cable disposed on the frame to support the free-weight assembly, the second cable comprising a first end releasably attachable to the free-weight assembly and a second end operably connected to the support unit by a second weight-responsive engagement assembly; whereby lifting of the free-weight assembly against gravity disengages at least one of said first weight-responsive engagement assembly and said second weight-responsive engagement assembly from said support unit to allow independent downward motion of said first end of said first cable and said first end of said second cable. 26. The safety spotting apparatus of claim 25 wherein the support unit comprises a first ratchet wheel and a second ratchet wheel and the first weight-responsive engagement assembly comprises a first pawl normally biased to engage the first ratchet wheel, and the second weight-responsive engagement assembly comprises a second pawl normally biased to engage the second ratchet wheel. 27. The safety spotting apparatus of claim 26 wherein the first weight-responsive engagement assembly comprises a release-bias element connected to the first pawl, the release-bias element actuated by an actuator on the free-weight assembly. 28. A safety spotting apparatus for use in connection with a free-weight assembly, the apparatus comprising: a frame comprising a first support assembly and a second support assembly; a first flexible cable disposed on the frame to support the free-weight assembly, the first cable comprising a first end releasably attachable to the free-weight assembly and a second end operably connected to the first support assembly by a first weight-responsive engagement assembly; a second flexible cable disposed on the frame to support the free-weight assembly, the second cable comprising a first end releasably attachable to the free-weight assembly and a second end operably cormected to the second support assembly by a second weight- responsive engagement assembly; whereby lifting of the free-weight assembly against gravity disengages at least one of said first weight-responsive engagement assembly and said second weight-responsive engagement assembly from a respective said first support assembly and said second support assembly to allow independent downward motion of said first end of said first cable and said first end of said second cable. 29. The safety spotting apparatus of claim 28 wherein the first weight support assembly comprises a first ratchet wheel and the first weight-responsive engagement assembly comprises a first pawl biased to normally engage the first ratchet wheel. 30. The safety spotting apparatus of claim 29 wherein the first weight-responsive engagement assembly comprises a release-bias solenoid connected to the first pawl, the release-bias solenoid actuated by an actuator on the free-weight assembly. 31. A free-weight assembly for use with a self-spotting apparatus comprising a engagement element for selectably engaging a cable attached to the free-weight assembly to a supporting frame, the free-weight assembly comprising; a bar comprising a first end and a second end, the first end and the second end configured for attachment of free-weights; a first engagement actuator attached to the bar and disposed between a center of the bar and the first end; a second engagement actuator attached to the bar and disposed between the center of the bar and the second end; and; at least one connector attached to the bar for operably connecting the first engagement actuator and the second engagement actuator to the engagement element of the self- spotting apparatus. 32. A dumbbell clamp for use with a self-spotting apparatus comprising a engagement element for selectably engaging a cable attached to the dumbbell clamp to a supporting frame, the dumbbell clamp comprising: a clamp frame comprising a dumbbell attachment means for attaching a dumbbell to the clamp frame; an engagement actuator attached to the clamp frame; and a connector attached to the clamp frame for operably connecting the engagement actuator to the engagement element of the self-spotting apparatus. 33. The dumbbell clamp of claim 32 wherein the dumbbell attachment means comprises a slot in the frame to retain a bar of the dumbbell.

Inventors: OLSSON MIKAEL L E, SLAWINSKI MICHAEL D, OLSSON, MIKAEL, L., E., SLAWINSKI, MICHAEL, D.
Applicants: OLSSON MIKAEL L E, SLAWINSKI MICHAEL D, OLSSON, MIKAEL, L., E., SLAWINSKI, MICHAEL, D.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: A63B21
IPC codes: A63B21