SPLICE VARIANTS OF P101 PROTEIN

Abstract: The present invention relates to p101 protein splice variants (SVP-1). SVP-1 polypeptides and polynucleotides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for utilizing SVP-1 polypeptides and polynucleotides in therapy, and diagnostic assays for such.

Description: SPLICE VARIANTS OF PlOl PROTEIN Field of the Invention This invention relates to newly identified polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides, to their use in therapy and in identifying compounds which may be agonists, antagonists and /or inhibitors which are potentially useful in therapy, and to production of such polypeptides and polynucleotides. Background of the Invention The drug discovery process is currently undergoing a fundamental revolution as it embraces 'functional genomics', that is, high throughput genome- or gene-based biology. This approach as a means to identify genes and gene products as therapeutic targets is rapidly superceding earlier approaches based on 'positional cloning'. A phenotype, that is a biological function or genetic disease, would be identified and this would then be tracked back to the responsible gene, based on its genetic map position. Functional genomics relies heavily on high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and the various tools of bioinformatics to identify gene sequences of potential interest from the many molecular biology databases now available. There is a continuing need to identify and characterise further genes and their related polypeptides/proteins, as targets for drug discovery. Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to pi 01 adaptor protein splice variants, SVP-1 , in particular SVP-1 polypeptides and SVP-1 polynucleotides, recombinant materials and methods for their production. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods for using such polypeptides and polynucleotides, including the treatment of disease states that involve leucocyte activation and infiltration including inflammatory diseases such as COPD, ARDS, arthritis and psoriasis among others. In a further aspect, the invention relates to methods for identifying agonists and antagonists/inhibitors using the materials provided by the invention, and treating conditions associated with SVP-1 imbalance with the identified compounds. In a still further aspect, the invention relates to diagnostic assays for detecting diseases associated with inappropriate SVP-1 activity or levels. Description of the Invention In a first aspect, the present invention relates to SVP-1 polypeptides. Such peptides include isolated polypetides comprising an amino acid sequence which has at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity, to that of SEQ ID NO:2 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:2. Such polypeptides include those comprising the amino acid of SEQ ID NO:2. Further peptides of the present invention include isolated polypeptides in which the amino acid sequence has at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity, to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.2 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO 2. Such polypeptides include the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 2. Further peptides of the present invention include isolated polypeptides encoded by a polynucleotide comprising the sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1 Polypeptides of the present invention are believed to be members of the adaptor protein family of polypeptides. They are therefore of interest because the p 101 adaptor protein is required for the G protein-dependent activation of a unique phosphatιdyhnosιtol-3-kinase (PI3K) subtype which controls the production of phosphoinositides specifically phosphorylated at the D3 position of the inositol πng. Phosphatιdylιnosιtol-3,4,5-tπsphosphate (PIP3), for example, is a known important second messenger. This PI3 kinase is directly activated by G protein beta-gamma subunits, whilst PIP3 is thought to regulate several important events in leukocytes, including adherence, migration, and degranulation. Hence, inhibition of PIP3 accumulation by, for example, preventing the binding of G-beta gamma to pl01/PI3 kinase, would be of benefit in various disease states that involve leukocyte activation. These properties are hereinafter referred to as "SVP-1 activity" or "SVP-1 polypeptide activity" or "biological activity of human SVP-1" Also included amongst these activities are antigenic and immunogenic activities of said SVP-1 polypeptides, in particular the antigenic and immunogenic activities of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 Preferably, a polypeptide of the present invention exhibits at least one biological activity of human SVP- 1 The polypeptides of the present invention mav be in the form of the "mature" protein or may be a part of a larger protein such as a precursor or a fusion protein It is often advantageous to include an additional amino acid sequence which contains secretory or leader sequences, pro- sequences, sequences which aid in purification such as multiple histidine residues, or an additional sequence for stability duπng recombinant production The present invention also includes variants of the aforementioned polypeptides, that is polypeptides that vary from the referents by conservative amino acid substitutions, whereby a residue is substituted by another with like characteπstics Typical such substitutions are among Ala, Val, Leu and He, among Ser and Thr, among the acidic residues Asp and Glu, among Asn and Gin, and among the basic residues Lys and Arg, or aromatic residues Phe and Tyr Particularly preferred are variants in which several. 5- 10, 1-5, 1-3, 1-2 or 1 ammo acids are substituted, deleted, or added in any combination Polypeptides of the present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner Such polypeptides include isolated naturally occurring polvpeptides. recombinantly produced - 2 - polypeptides, synthetically produced polypeptides, or polypeptides produced by a combination of these methods. Means for preparing such polypeptides are well understood in the art. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to SVP-1 polynucleotides. Such polynucleotides include isolated polynucleotides comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which has at least 95% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, over the entire length of SEQ ID NO.2. In this regard, polypeptides which have at least 97% identity are highly preferred, whilst those with at least 98-99% identity are more highly preferred, and those with at least 99% identity are most highly preferred. Such polynucleotides include a polynucleotide compπsing the nucleotide sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1 encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2. Further polynucleotides of the present invention include isolated polynucleotides compπsing a nucleotide sequence that has at least 95% identity to a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, over the entire coding region. In this regard, polynucleotides which have at least 97% identity are highly preferred, whilst those with at least 98-99% identity are more highly preferred, and those with at least 99% identity are most highly preferred. Further polynucleotides of the present invention include isolated polynucleotides compπsing a nucleotide sequence which has at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO.1. In this regard, polynucleotides which have at least 97% identity are highly preferred, whilst those with at least 98-99% identiy are more highly preferred, and those with at least 99% identity are most highly preferred. Such polynucleotides include a polynucleotide comprising the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 as well as the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1. The invention also provides polynucleotides which are complementary to all the above described polynucleotides The nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is a splice vaπant of human p 101 (European Patent Application No. EP98306696.0; SmithKline Beecham) which lacks exons 6, 7, 9 and 10. The full-length nucleotide sequence of human pi 01 is given in SEQ ID NO.5. SEQ ID NO:5 is a cDNA sequence and compπses a polypeptide encoding sequence (nucleotide 1 to 3630, Exon 1(1- 106), Exon 2 (107-205), Exon 3 (206-265), Exon 4(266-414), Exon 5 (415-479), Exon 6 (480-648), Exon 7 (649-810), Exon 8 (81 1-894), Exon 9 (895- 1616), Exon 10 ( 1617- 1778), Exon 1 1 (1779- 1907), Exon 12 (1908-2037), Exon 13 (2038-2129). Exon 14 (2) encoding a polypeptide of 880 amino acids, the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:6. SEQ ID NO 1 is a cDNA sequence and compπses a polypeptide encoding sequence (nucleotide 295 to 1722) encoding a polypeptide of 475 ammo acids, the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO.2 The nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO 2 may be identical to the polypeptide encoding sequence contained in SEQ ID NO 1 or it may be a sequence other than the one contained in SEQ ID NO 1 , which, as a result of the redundancy (degeneracy) of the - 3 - SUBSTJTUTE SHEET (RULE 26) genetic code, also encodes the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2. The polypeptide of the SEQ ID NO:2 is structurally related to other proteins of the adaptor protein family, having homology and/or structural similarity with pig (S.scrofa) plOl, (L.R. Stephens et al., Cell 89, p 105- 1 14). Preferred polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention are expected to have, inter alia, similar biological functions properties to their homologous polypeptides and polynucleotides. Furthermore, preferred polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention have at least one SVP-1 activity. The present invention also relates to partial or other polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences which were first identified prior to the determination of the corresponding full length sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2. Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention provides for an isolated polynucleotide which: (a) comprises a nucleotide sequence which has at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity to SEQ ID NO:3 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:3; (b) a nucleotide sequence which has at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity, to SEQ ID NO:3 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:3; (c) the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:3; or (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which has at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity, to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:4; as well as the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:3. The present invention further provides for a polypeptide which: (a) comprises an amino acid sequence which has at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity, to that of SEQ ID NO:4 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:4; (b) has an amino acid sequence which is at least 95% identity, preferably at least 97-99% identity, to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:4; (c) comprises the amino acid of SEQ ID NO:4; and (d) is the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4; as well as polypeptides encoded by a polynucleotide comprising the sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:3. The nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and the peptide sequence encoded thereby are derived from EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) sequences. It is recognised by those skilled in the art that there will inevitably be some nucleotide sequence reading errors in EST sequences (see Adams. M.D. et al. Nature 377 (supp) 3, 1995). Accordingly, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: and the peptide sequence encoded therefrom are therefore subjec to the same inherent limitations in sequence accuracy. Furthermore, the peptide sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO:3 - 4 - comprises a region of identity or close homology and/or close structural similanty (for example a conservative amino acid difference) with the closest homologous or structurally similar protein Polynucleotides of the present invention may be obtained, using standard cloning and screening techniques, from a cDNA library deπved from mRNA in cells of human peπpheral blood leucocytes, (Sambrook et al , Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spπng Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spπng Harbor, N.Y.(1989)) Polynucleotides of the invention can also be obtained from natural sources such as genomic DNA hbraπes or can be synthesized using well known and commercially available techniques. When polynucleotides of the present invention are used for the recombinant production of polypeptides of the present invention, the polynucleotide may include the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide, by itself, or the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide m reading frame with other coding sequences, such as those encoding a leader or secretory sequence, a pre-, or pro- or prepro- protein sequence, or other fusion peptide portions For example, a marker sequence which facilitates puπfication of the fused polypeptide can be encoded In certain preferred embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the marker sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, as provided in the pQE vector (Qiagen, Ine ) and descπbed in Gentz etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1989) 86:821-824, or is an HA tag. The polynucleotide may also contain non-coding 5' and 3' sequences, such as transcπbed, non-translated sequences, splicing and polyadenylation signals, πbosome binding sites and sequences that stabilize mRNA Further embodiments of the present invention include polynucleotides encoding polypeptide vaπants which compπse the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 2 and in which several, for instance from 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 1 to 2 or 1, ammo acid residues are substituted, deleted or added, in any combination Polynucleotides which are identical or sufficiently identical to a nucleotide sequence contained in SEQ ID NO 1 , may be used as hybπdization probes for cDNA and genomic DNA or as pπmers for a nucleic acid amplification (PCR) reaction, to isolate full-length cDNAs and genomic clones encoding polypeptides of the present invention and to isolate cDNA and genomic clones of other genes (including genes encoding paralogs from human sources and orthologs and paralogs from species other than human) that have a high sequence similanty to SEQ ID NO 1 Typically these nucleotide sequences are 70% identical, preferably 80% identical, more preferably 90% identical, most preferably 95% identical to that of the referent The probes or pπmers will generally compπse at least 15 nucleotides, preferably, at least 30 nucleotides and may have at least 50 nucleotides Particularly preferred probes will have between 30 and 50 nucleotides Particularly prefeπed pπmers will have between 20 and 25 nucleotides A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present invention, including homologs from species other than human, mav be obtained by a process which compπses the steps of screening an - 5 - appropπate library under stπngent hybπdization conditions with a labeled probe having the sequence of SEQ ID NO 1 or a fragment thereof, and isolating full-length cDNA and genomic clones containing said polynucleotide sequence Such hybπdization techniques are well known to the skilled artisan Prefeπed stπngent hybπdization conditions include overnight incubation at 42°C in a solution compπsing 50% formamide, 5xSSC (150mM NaCl, 15mM tπsodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH7 6), 5x Denhardt's solution, 10 % dextran sulfate, and 20 microgram/ml denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the filters in 0 lx SSC at about 65°C Thus the present invention also includes polynucleotides obtainable by screening an appropπate library under stmgent hybπdization conditions with a labeled probe having the sequence of SEQ ID NO 1 or a fragment thereof The skilled artisan will appreciate that, in many cases, an isolated cDNA sequence will be incomplete, in that the region coding for the polypeptide is short at the 5' end of the cDNA This is a consequence of reverse transcπptase, an enzyme with inherently low 'processivity' (a measure of the ability of the enzyme to remain attached to the template duπng the polymeπsation reaction), failing to complete a DNA copy of the mRNA template duπng 1st strand cDNA synthesis There are several methods available and well known to those skilled in the art to obtain full-length cDNAs, or extend short cDNAs, for example those based on the method of Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) (see, for example, Frohman et al , PNAS USA 85, 8998- 9002, 1988) Recent modifications of the technique, exemplified by the Marathon™ technology (Clontech Laboratoπes Ine ) for example, have significantly simplified the search for longer cDNAs In the Marathon™ technology, cDNAs have been prepared from mRNA extracted from a chosen tissue and an 'adaptor' sequence ligated onto each end Nucleic acid amplification (PCR) is then earned out to amplify the 'missing ' 5' end of the cDNA using a combination of gene specific and adaptor specific oligonucleotide pπmers The PCR reaction is then repeated using 'nested' pπmers, that is, pπmers designed to anneal within the amplified product (typically an adaptor specific primer that anneals further 3' in the adaptor sequence and a gene specific primer that anneals further 5' in the known gene sequence) The products of this reaction can then be analysed by DNA sequencing and a full-length cDNA constructed either by joining the product directly to the existing cDNA to give a complete sequence or carrying out a separate full-length PCR using the new sequence information for the design of the 5' pπmer Recombinant polypeptides of the present invention may be prepared by processes well known in the art from genetically engineered host cells compπsing expression systems Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to expression systems which compπse a polynucleotide or polynucleotides of the present invention, to host cells which are genetically engineered with such expression sytems and to the production of polypeptides of the invention by - 6 - recombinant techniques Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs deπved from the DNA constructs of the present invention For recombinant production, host cells can be genetically engineered to incorporate expression systems or portions thereof for polynucleotides of the present invention. Introduction of polynucleotides into host cells can be effected by methods descπbed in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis et al , Basic Methods m Molecular Biology (1986) and Sambrook et al , Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed , Cold Spπng Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spπng Harbor, N Y (1989) Preferred such methods include, for instance, calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, microinjection, cationic pid- mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, scrape loading, ballistic introduction or infection Representative examples of appropπate hosts include bacteπal cells, such as Streptococci, Staphylococci, E colt, Streptomyces and Bacillus subtύis cells, fungal cells, such as yeast cells and Aspergillus cells, insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells, animal cells such as CHO, COS, HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, HEK 293 and Bowes melanoma cells; and plant cells A great vaπety of expression systems can be used, for instance, chromosomal, episomal and virus-deπved systems, e g , vectors deπved from bacteπal plasmids, from bacteπophage, from transposons, from yeast episomes, from insertion elements, from yeast chromosomal elements, from viruses such as baculoviruses, papova viruses, such as SV40, vaccinia viruses, adenoviruses, fowl pox viruses, pseudorabies viruses and retroviruses, and vectors deπved from combinations thereof, such as those deπved from plasmid and bacteπophage genetic elements, such as cosmids and phagemids The expression systems may contain control regions that regulate as well as engender expression Generally, any system or vector which is able to maintain, propagate or express a polynucleotide to produce a polypeptide m a host may be used The appropπate nucleotide sequence may be inserted into an expression system by any of a vaπety of well-known and routine techniques, such as, for example, those set forth in Sambrook et al , Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (supra) Appropπate secretion signals may be incorporated into the desired polypeptide to allow secretion of the translated protein into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, the peπplasmic space or the extracellular em ironment These signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide or they may be heterologous signals If a polypeptide of the present invention is to be expressed for use in screening assays, it is generally prefeπed that the polypeptide be produced at the surface of the cell In this event, the cells may be harvested prior to use in the screening assay If the polypeptide is secreted into the medium, the medium can be recovered in order to recover and purify the polypeptide If produced intracellularK , the cells must first be lysed before the polvpeptide is recovered Polypeptides of the present invention can be recovered and puπfied from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography Most preferably, high performance liquid chromatography is employed for puπfication Well known techniques for refolding proteins may be employed to regenerate active conformation when the polypeptide is denatured duπng mtracellular synthesis, isolation and or puπfication This invention also relates to the use of polynucleotides of the present invention as diagnostic reagents Detection of a mutated form of the gene characteπsed by the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO 1 which is associated with a dysfunction will provide a diagnostic tool that can add to, or define, a diagnosis of a disease, or susceptibility to a disease, which results from under-expression, over-expression or altered spatial or temporal expression of the gene Individuals carrying mutations in the gene may be detected at the DNA level by a vaπety of techniques Nucleic acids for diagnosis may be obtained from a subject's cells, such as from blood, uπne, saliva, tissue biopsy or autopsy matenal The genomic DNA may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzymatically by using PCR or other amplification techniques pπor to analysis RNA or cDNA may also be used in similar fashion Deletions and insertions can be detected by a change in size of the amplified product in compaπson to the normal genotype Point mutations can be identified by hybndizmg amplified DNA to labeled SVP-1 nucleotide sequences Perfectly matched sequences can be distinguished from mismatched duplexes by RNase digestion or by differences in melting temperatures DNA sequence differences may also be detected by alterations in electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments in gels, with or without denatuπng agents, or by direct DNA sequencing (ee, e g , Myers et al , Science ( 1985) 230 1242) Sequence changes at specific locations may also be revealed by nuclease protection assays, such as RNase and S 1 protection or the chemical cleavage method (see Cotton et al , Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1985) 85 4397-4401) In another embodiment, an aπay of ohgonucleotides probes compπsing SVP-1 nucleotide sequence or fragments thereof can be constructed to conduct efficient screening of e g , genetic mutations Array technology methods are well known and have general applicability and can be used to address a \aπet\ of questions in molecular genetics including gene expression, genetic linkage, and genetic vaπabihty (see for example M Chee et al , Science, Vol 274, pp 610-6 H ( 1996)) The diagnostic assays offer a process for diagnosing or determining a susceptibility to the Diseases through detection of mutation in the S VP- 1 gene by the methods descπbed In addition, such diseases may be diagnosed by methods comprising determining from a sample deπved from a subject an abnormally decreased or increased level of polypeptide or mRNA Decreased or increased expression can be measured at the RNA lev el using any of the methods well known in the art for the quantitation of polynucleotides, such as, for example, nucleic acid amplification, for instance PCR, RT-PCR, RNase protection, Northern blotting and other hybπdization methods. Assay techniques that can be used to determine levels of a protein, such as a polypeptide of the present invention, in a sample deπved from a host are well-known to those of skill in the art. Such assay methods include radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot analysis and ELISA assays. Thus in another aspect, the present invention relates to a diagonostic kit which comprises: (a) a polynucleotide of the present invention, preferably the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a fragment thereof ; (b) a nucleotide sequence complementary to that of (a); (c) a polypeptide of the present invention, preferably the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 or a fragment thereof; or (d) an antibody to a polypeptide of the present invention, preferably to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2. It will be appreciated that in any such kit, (a), (b), (c) or (d) may comprise a substantial component. Such a kit will be of use in diagnosing a disease or suspectability to a disease, particularly disease states that involve leucocyte activation and infiltration including inflammatory diseases such as COPD, ARDS, arthπtis and psoπasis among others. The nucleotide sequences of the present invention are also valuable for chromosomal localisation The sequence is specifically targeted to, and can hybridize with, a particular location on an individual human chromosome. The mapping of relevant sequences to chromosomes according to the present invention is an important first step in coπelating those sequences with gene associated disease Once a sequence has been mapped to a precise chromosomal location, the physical position of the sequence on the chromosome can be correlated with genetic map data. Such data are found in, for example, V McKusick, Mendelian Inheπtance in Man (available on-line through Johns Hopkins University Welch Medical Library). The relationship between genes and diseases that have been mapped to the same chromosomal region are then identified through linkage analysis (coinheπtance of physically adjacent genes). The differences in the cDNA or genomic sequence between affected and unaffected individuals can also be determined If a mutation is observed in some or all of the affected individuals but not in any normal individuals, then the mutation is likely to be the causative agent of the disease The gene of the present invention maps to human chromosome 17p 12-13 1 The nucleotide sequences of the present invention are also valuable for tissue localisation. Such techniques allow the determination of expression patterns of the human SVP- 1 polypeptides - 9 - in tissues by detection of the mRNAs that encode them These techniques include in situ hybπdziation techniques and nucleotide amplification techniques, for example PCR. Such techniques are well known in the art Results from these studies provide an indication of the normal functions of the polypeptides in the organism In addition, comparative studies of the normal expression pattern of human SVP-1 mRNAs with that of mRNAs encoded by a human SVP-1 gene provide valuable insights into the role of mutant human SVP-1 polypeptides, or that of inappropπate expression of normal human SVP-1 polypeptides, in disease Such inappropriate expression may be of a temporal, spatial or simply quantitative nature The polypeptides of the invention or their fragments or analogs thereof, or cells expressing them, can also be used as immunogens to produce antibodies immunospecific for polypeptides of the present invention The term "immunospecific" means that the antibodies have substantially greater affinity for the polypeptides of the invention than their affinity for other related polypeptides in the pπor art Antibodies generated against polypeptides of the present invention may be obtained by administeπng the polypeptides or epitope-beaπng fragments, analogs or cells to an animal, preferably a non-human animal, using routine protocols For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique which provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples include the hybndoma technique (Kohler, G and Milstein, C , Nature (1975) 256 495- 497), the tπoma technique, the human B-cell hybndoma technique (Kozbor etal, Immunology Today ( 1983) 4 72) and the EB V-hybπdoma technique (Cole et al , Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, 77-96, Alan R Liss, Ine , 1985) Techniques for the production of single chain antibodies, such as those descπbed in U S Patent No 4,946,778, can also be adapted to produce single chain antibodies to polypeptides of this invention Also, transgenic mice, or other organisms, including other mammals, may be used to express humanized antibodies The above-descπbed antibodies may be employed to isolate or to identify clones expressing the polypeptide or to puπfy the polypeptides by affinity chromatography Antibodies against polypeptides of the present invention may also be employed to treat the Diseases, amongst others In a further aspect, the present invention relates to genetically engineered soluble fusion proteins comprising a polypeptide of the present invention, or a fragment thereof, and various portions of the constant regions of heavy or light chains of immunoglobulins of various subclasses (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) Preferred as an immunoglobulin is the constant part of the heavy chain of human IgG, particularly IgGl , where fusion takes place at the hinge region In a particular embodiment, the Fc part can be removed simply b\ incorporation of a cleavage sequence which can be cleaved with blood clotting factor Xa Furthermore, this invention relates - 10 - to processes for the preparation of these fusion proteins by genetic engineering, and to the use thereof for drug screening, diagnosis and therapy A further aspect of the invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding such fusion proteins Examples of fusion protein technology can be found in International Patent Application Nos W094/29458 and W094/22914 Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for inducing an immunological response in a mammal which compπses inoculating the mammal with a polypeptide of the present invention, adequate to produce antibody and/or T cell immune response to protect said animal from the Diseases hereinbefore mentioned, amongst others Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of inducing immunological response a mammal which compπses, dehveπng a polypeptide of the present invention via a vector directing expression of the polynucleotide and coding for the polypeptide in vivo in order to induce such an immunological response to produce antibody to protect said animal from diseases A further aspect of the invention relates to an immunological/vaccine formulation (composition) which, when introduced into a mammalian host, induces an immunological response in that mammal to a polypeptide of the present invention wherein the composition comprises a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the present invention The vaccine formulation may further comprise a suitable earner. Since a polypeptide may be broken down in the stomach, it is preferably administered parenterally (for instance, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, or intradermal injection) Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous steπle injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteπostats and solutes which render the formulation instonic with the blood of the recipient, and aqueous and non-aqueous steπle suspensions which mav include suspending agents or thickening agents The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dπed condition requiπng only the addition of the sterile liquid caπier immediately prior to use The vaccine formulation may also include adjuvant systems for enhancing the immunogenicity of the formulation, such as oil-in water systems and other systems known in the art The dosage will depend on the specific activity of the vaccine and can be readily determined by routine expeπmentation Polypeptides of the present invention are responsible for one or more biological functions, including one or more disease states, in particular the Diseases hereinbefore mentioned It is therefore desirous to devise screening methods to identify compounds which stimulate or which inhibit the function of the polypeptide Accordingl , in a further aspect, the present invention provides for a method of screening compounds to identify those which stimulate or which inhibit the function of the polypeptide In general, agonists or antagonists may be employed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for such Diseases as hereinbefore mentioned Compounds mav be identified from a vaπetv of sources, for example, cells cell-free preparations, chemical libraπes and natural - 1 1 - product mixtures. Such agonists, antagonists or inhibitors so-identified may be natural or modified substrates, hgands, receptors, enzymes, etc., as the case may be, of the polypeptide, or may be structural or functional mimetics thereof (see Cohgan et al , Cuπent Protocols m Immunology 1(2) Chapter 5 (1991)) The screening method may simply measure the binding of a candidate compound to the polypeptide, or to cells or membranes beanng the polypeptide, or a fusion protein thereof by means of a label directly or indirectly associated with the candidate compound. Alternatively, the screening method may involve competition with a labeled competitor Further, these screening methods may test whether the candidate compound results in a signal generated by activation or inhibition of the polypeptide, using detection systems appropriate to the cells beanng the polypeptide Inhibitors of activation are generally assayed in the presence of a known agonist and the effect on activation by the agonist by the presence of the candidate compound is observed Constitutively active polypeptides may be employed in screening methods for inverse agonists or inhibitors, in the absence of an agonist or inhibitor, by testing whether the candidate compound results in inhibition of activation of the polypeptide. Further, the screening methods may simply comprise the steps of mixing a candidate compound with a solution containing a polypeptide of the present invention, to form a mixture, measunng SVP-1 activity in the mixture, and compaπng the SVP-1 activity of the mixture to a standard. Fusion proteins, such as those made from Fc portion and SVP-1 polypeptide, as hereinbefore described, can also be used for high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists for the polypeptide of the present invention (see D Bennett et al , J Mol Recognition, 8.52-58 (1995); and K Johanson et al., J Biol Chem, 270(16) 9459-9471 ( 1995)) The polynucleotides, polypeptides and antibodies to the polypeptide of the present invention may also be used to configure screening methods for detecting the effect of added compounds on the production of mRNA and polypeptide in cells For example, an ELISA assay may be constructed for measuring secreted or cell associated levels of polypeptide using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies by standard methods known in the art This can be used to discover agents which may inhibit or enhance the production of polypeptide (also called antagonist or agonist, respectively) from suitably manipulated cells or tissues The polypeptide may be used to identify membrane bound or soluble receptors, if any, through standard receptor binding techniques known in the art These include, but are not limited to, ligand binding and cross nking assays in which the polypeptide is labeled with a radioactive isotope (for instance, ' --'I), chemically modified (for instance, biotinylated), or fused to a peptide sequence suitable for detection or purification, and incubated with a source of the putative receptor (cells, cell membranes, cell supematants, tissue extracts, bodily fluids) Other methods include biophysical techniques such as surface plasmon resonance and spectroscopy These - 12 - screening methods may also be used to identify agonists and antagonists of the polypeptide which compete with the binding of the polypeptide to its receptors, if any. Standard methods for conducting such assays are well understood in the art. Examples of potential polypeptide antagonists include antibodies or, in some cases, oligonucleotides or proteins which are closely related to the ligands, substrates, receptors, enzymes, etc., as the case may be, of the polypeptide, e.g., a fragment of the ligands, substrates, receptors, enzymes, etc.; or small molecules which bind to the polypeptide of the present invention but do not elicit a response, so that the activity of the polypeptide is prevented. Thus, in another aspect, the present invention relates to a screening kit for identifying agonists, antagonists, ligands, receptors, substrates, enzymes, etc. for polypeptides of the present invention; or compounds which decrease or enhance the production of such polypeptides, which comprises: (a) a polypeptide of the present invention; (b) a recombinant cell expressing a polypeptide of the present invention; (c) a cell membrane expressing a polypeptide of the present invention; or (d) antibody to a polypeptide of the present invention; which polypeptide is preferably that of SEQ ID NO:2. It will be appreciated that in any such kit, (a), (b), (c) or (d) may comprise a substantial component. It will be readily appreciated by the skilled artisan that a polypeptide of the present invention may also be used in a method for the structure-based design of an agonist, antagonist or inhibitor of the polypeptide, by: (a) determining in the first instance the three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide; (b) deducing the three-dimensional structure for the likely reactive or binding sιte(s) of an agonist, antagonist or inhibitor; (c) synthesing candidate compounds that are predicted to bind to or react with the deduced binding or reactive site; and (d) testing whether the candidate compounds are indeed agonists, antagonists or inhibitors. It will be further appreciated that this will normally be an iterative process. In a further aspect, the present invention provides methods of treating abnormal conditions such as. for instance, disease states that involve leucocyte activation and infiltration including inflammatory diseases such as COPD. ARDS, arthritis and psoπasis among others, related to either an excess of. or an under-expression of, SVP- 1 polypeptide activity. If the activity of the poiypeptide is in excess, several approaches are available. One approach compπses admmisteπng to a subject in need thereof an inhibitor compound (antagonist) as - 13 - hereinabove descπbed. optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable earner, in an amount effective to inhibit the function of the polypeptide. such as. for example, by blocking the binding of ligands. substrates, receptors, enzymes, etc.. or by inhibiting a second signal, and thereby alleviating the abnormal condition. In another approach, soluble forms of the polypeptides still capable of binding the ligand. substrate, enzymes, receptors, etc. in competition with endogenous polypeptide may be administered. Typical examples of such competitors include fragments of the SVP-1 polypeptide. In still another approach, expression of the gene encoding endogenous SVP-1 polypeptide can be inhibited using expression blocking techniques. Known such techniques involve the use of antisense sequences, either internally generated or externally administered (see, for example, O'Connor, J Neurochem (1991) 56:560 in Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression, CRC Press. Boca Raton. FL ( 1988)) Alternatively, oligonucleotides which form tπple helices ("triplexes") with the gene can be supplied (see, for example, Lee et al. Nucleic Acids Res ( 1979) 6:3073; Cooney et al.. Science ( 1988) 241:456; Dervan et al.. Science ( 1991) 251 : 1360). These oligomers can be administered per se or the relevant oligomers can be expressed in vivo. Synthetic antisense or tπplex oligonucleotides may compπse modified bases or modified backbones. Examples of the latter include methylphosphonate, phosphorothioate or peptide nucleic acid backbones. Such backbones are incorporated in the antisense or triplex oligonucleotide in order to provide protection from degradation by nucleases and are well known in the art. Antisense and triplex molecules synthesised with these or other modified backbones also form part of the present invention. In addition, expression of the human SVP- 1 polypeptide may be prevented by using πbozymes specific to the human SVP- 1 mRNA sequence. Ribozymes are catalytically active RNAs that can be natural or synthetic (see for example Usman, N, et al., Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol ( 1996) 6(4), 527-33.) Synthetic πbozymes can be designed to specifically cleave human SVP-1 mRNAs at selected positions thereby preventing translation of the human SVP- 1 mRNAs into functional polypeptide. Ribozymes may be synthesised with a natural ribose phosphate backbone and natural bases, as normally found in RNA molecules. Alternatively the πbosymes may be synthesised with non-natural backbones to provide protection from πbonuc lease degradation, for example, 2 -O-methyl RNA, and may contain modified bases For treating abnormal conditions related to an under-expression of SVP- 1 and us activity, several approaches are also available One approach compπses administeπng to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound which activates a polypeptide of the present invention, i.e.. an agonist as descπbed above, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable earner, to thereby alleviate the abnormal condition Alternatively, gene therapy mav be employed to effect the endogenous production of SVP- 1 bv the relevant cells in the subiect. For example, a - 14 - polynucleotide of the invention may be engineered for expression in a replication defective retrovirai vector, as discussed above. The retrovirai expression construct may then be isolated and introduced into a packaging cell transduced with a retrovirai plasmid vector containing RNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention such that the packaging cell now produces infectious viral particles containing the gene of interest. These producer cells may be administered to a subject for engmeeπng cells m vivo and expression of the polypeptide in vivo. For an overview of gene therapy, see Chapter 20, Gene Therapy and other Molecular Genetic-based Therapeutic Approaches, (and references cited therein) in Human Molecular Genetics, T Strachan and A P Read, BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd (1996). Another approach is to administer a therapeutic amount of a polypeptide of the present invention in combination with a suitable pharmaceutical earner. In a further aspect, the present invention provides for pharmaceutical compositions compπsing a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide, such as the soluble form of a polypeptide of the present invention, agonist/antagonist peptide or small molecule compound, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable earner or excipient. Such earners include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol. ethanol, and combinations thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical packs and kits compπsing one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the aforementioned compositions of the invention. Polypeptides and other compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds. The composition will be adapted to the route of administration, for instance by a systemic or an oral route. Preferred forms of systemic administration include injection, typically by intravenous injection. Other injection routes, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intrapeπtoneal, can be used. Alternative means for systemic administration include transmucosal and transdermal administration using penetrants such as bile salts or fusidic acids or other detergents. In addition, if a polypeptide or other compounds of the present invention can be formulated in an enteric or an encapsulated formulation, oral administration may also be possible. Administration of these compounds may also be topical and/or localized, in the form of salves, pastes, gels, and the like. The dosage range required depends on the choice of peptide or other compounds of the present invention, the route of administration, the nature of the formulation, the nature of the subject ' s condition, and the judgment of the attending practitioner. Suitable dosages, however, are in the range of 0 I -100 μg/kg of subject Wide vaπations in the needed dosage, however, are to be expected in view of the vaπety of compounds available and the diffeπng efficiencies of vanous routes of administration. For example, oral administration would be expected to require higher dosages than administration by intravenous injection Vaπations in these dosage levels can be adjusted using standard empiπcal routines for optimization, as is well understood in the art. - 15 - Polypeptides used in treatment can also be generated endogenously in the subject, in treatment modalities often referred to as "gene therapy" as descπbed above. Thus, for example, cells from a subject may be engineered with a polynucleotide. such as a DNA or RNA. to encode a polypeptide ex vivo, and for example, by the use of a retrovirai plasπud vector. The cells are then introduced into the subject. Polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences form a valuable information resource with which to identify further sequences of similar homology. This is most easily facilitated by stoπng the sequence in a computer readable medium and then using the stored data to search a sequence database using well known searching tools, such as those in GCG and Lasergene software packages. Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention provides for a computer readable medium having stored thereon a polynucleotide compπsing the sequence of SEQ ID NO.1 and/or a polypeptide sequence encoded thereby The following definitions are provided to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently hereinbefore. "Antibodies" as used herein includes polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, chimeπc, single chain, and humanized antibodies, as well as Fab fragments, including the products of an Fab or other lmmunoglobulin expression library. "Isolated" means altered "by the hand of man" from the natural state. If an "isolated" composition or substance occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its original environment, or both. For example, a polynucleotide or a polypeptide naturally present in a living animal is not "isolated," but the same polynucleotide or poiypeptide separated from the coexisting mateπais of its natural state is "isolated " , as the term is employed herein "Polynucleotide" generally refers to any polyπbonucleotide or polydeoxπbonucleotide, which may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA. "Polynucleotides" include, without limitation, single- and double-stranded DNA. DNA that is a mixture of singie- and double-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded RNA. and RNA that is mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that may be single- stranded or, more typically, double-stranded or a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions In addition, "polynucleotide" refers to triple-stranded regions compπsing RNA or DNA or both RNA and DNA. The term "polynucleotide" also includes DNAs or RNAs containing one or more modified bases and DNAs or RNAs with backbones modified for stability or for other reasons "Modified" bases include, for example, tπtylated bases and unusual bases such as inosine. A variety of modifications may be made to DNA and RNA. thus, "polynucleotide" embraces chemically, enzymaticaliy or metabolically modified forms of polynucleotides as typically found in nature, as well as the chemical forms of DNA and RNA characteristic of viruses and cells - 16 - "Polynucleotide" also embraces relatively short polynucleotides. often referred to as oligonucleotides. "Polypeptide" refers to any peptide or protein compπsing two or more amino acids j oined to each other by peptide bonds or modified peptide bonds, i.e., peptide isosteres. "Polypeptide" refers to both short chains, commonly referred to as peptides. ohgopeptides or oligomers, and to longer chains, generally referred to as proteins. Polypeptides may contain amino acids other than the 20 gene-encoded amino acids. "Polypeptides" include ammo acid sequences modified either by natural processes, such as post-translational processing, or by chemical modification techniques which are well known in the art. Such modifications are well described in basic texts and in more detailed monographs, as well as in a voluminous research literature. Modifications may occur anywhere in a polypeptide, including the peptide backbone, the amino acid side-chains and the amino or carboxyl termini. It will be appreciated that the same type of modification may be present to the same or varying degrees at several sites in a given polypeptide. Also, a given polypeptide may contain many types of modifications. Polypeptides may be branched as a result of ubiquitination. and they may be cyclic, with or without branching. Cyclic, branched and branched cyclic polypeptides may result from post-translation natural processes or may be made by synthetic methods. Modifications include acetylation, acylation, ADP-ribosylation, amidation, biotiπylation, covalent attachment of flavin, covalent attachment of a heme moiety, covalent attachment of a nucleotide or nucleotide derivative, covalent attachment of a lipid or lipid derivative, covalent attachment of phosphotidylinositol, cross-linking, cyclization, disulfide bond formation, demethylation, formation of covalent cross-links, formation of cystine, formation of pyroglutamate. formyiation. gamma-carboxylation, glycosylation. GPI anchor formation, hydroxyiation, iodination. methylation, myπstoylation. oxidation, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, prenylation, racemization, selenoylation. sulfation. transfer-RNA mediated addition of ammo acids to proteins such as arginylation, and ubiquitination (see, for instance. Proteins - Structure and Molecular Properties, 2nd Ed., T. E. Creighton. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. 1993. Wold. F., Post-translational Protein Modifications: Perspectives and Prospects, pgs. 1 - 12 in Post-translational Covalent Modification of Proteins, B. C. Johnson, Ed , Academic Press, New York. 1983: Seifter et al, "Analysis for protein modifications and nonprotem cofactors 0 Meth Enzymol ( 1990) 182:626-646 and Rattan et al, "Protein Synthesis Post-translational Modifications and Aging", Ann NY Acad Sci ( 1992) 663:48-62). "Vanant " refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide that differs from a reference polynucleotide or polypeptide. but retains essential properties A typical variant of a polynucleotide differs in nucleotide sequence from another, reference polynucleotide. Changes in the nucieotide sequence of the vanant may or may not alter the amino acid sequence of a poiypeptide encoded bv the reference polynucleotide Nucleotide changes may result in amino - 17 - SUBSTTTUTE SHEET (RULE 26) acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations in the polypeptide encoded by the reference sequence, as discussed below. A typical vanant of a polypeptide differs in ammo acid sequence from another, reference polypeptide. Generally, differences are limited so that the sequences of the reference polypeptide and the vanant are closely similar overall and, in many regions, identical. A vanant and reference polypeptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, additions, deletions in any combination. A substituted or inserted ammo acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code. A vanant of a polynucleotide or polypeptide may be a naturally occurnng such as an allelic variant, or it may be a vanant that is not known to occur naturally. Non-naturally occumng variants of polynucleotides and polypeptides may be made by mutagenesis techniques or by direct synthesis. "Identity," as known in the art, is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, as determined by compaπng the sequences. In the art. "identity" also means the degree of sequence relatedness between poiypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between strings of such sequences. "Identity" and "similanty" can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those descπbed in (Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A.M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith. D.W., ed., Academic Press. New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G.. Academic Press, 1987; and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds.. M Stockton Press. New York, 1991 ; and Carillo, H., and Lipman. D., SIAM J. Applied Math.. 48 1073 ( 1988). Prefeπed methods to determine identity are designed to give the largest match between the sequences tested. Methods to determine identity and similanty are codified in publicly available computer programs. Prefeπed computer program methods to determine identity and similanty between two sequences include, but are not limited to, the GCG program package (Devereux, J.. et al.. Nucleic Acids Research 12(1): 387 ( 1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA (Atschul, S.F. et al., J. Molec. Biol. 215: 403-410 ( 1990) The BLAST X program is publicly available from NCBI and other sources (BLAST Manual. Altschul, S.. et al. NCBI NLM NIH Bethesda. MD 20894. Altschul. S.. et al. J. Mol. Btol. 215: 403-410 ( 1990). The well known Smith Waterman algoπthm may also be used to determine identity. Preferred parameters for polypeptide sequence comparison include the following: 1 ) Algoπthm: Needleman and Wunsch. J Mol Biol. 4S 443-453 ( 1970) Comparison matrix: BLOSSUM62 from Hentikoff and Hentikoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 10915-10919 ( 1992) Gap Penalty 12 - 18 - Gap Length Penalty: 4 A program useful with these parameters is publicly available as the "gap" program from Genetics Computer Group, Madison WI. The aforementioned parameters are the default parameters for peptide comparisons (along with no penalty for end gaps). Prefeπed parameters for polynucleotide comparison include the following: 1) Algorithm: Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol Biol. 48: 443-453 (1970) Comparison matrix: matches = +10, mismatch = 0 Gap Penalty: 50 Gap Length Penalty: 3 Available as: The "gap" program from Genetics Computer Group, Madison WI. These are the default parameters for nucleic acid comparisons. By way of example, a polynucleotide sequence of the present invention may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: l, that is be 100% identical, or it may include up to a certain integer number of nucleotide alterations as compared to the reference sequence. Such alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one nucleotide deletion, substitution, including transition and transversion, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the 5' or 3' terminal positions of the reference nucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the nucleotides in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of nucleotide alterations is determined by multiplying the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1 by the numerical percent of the respective percent identity(divided by 100) and subtracting that product from said total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1. or: n n < x n - (χ n • y), wherein n n is the number of nucleotide alterations, x n is the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1 , and y is, for instance, 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85%, 0.90 for 90%, 0.95 for 95%,etc, and wherein any non-integer product of x n and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from x n . Alterations of a polynucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 may create nonsense, missense or frameshift mutations in this coding sequence and thereby alter the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide following such alterations. Similarly, a polypeptide sequence of the present invention may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, that is be 100% identical, or it may include up to a certain integer number of amino acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence such that the % identity is less than 100%. Such alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one amino acid deletion, substitution, including conservative and non-conservative substitution, or - 19 - insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the amino- or carboxy-terminal positions of the reference polypeptide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the amino acids in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of amino acid alterations for a given % identity is determined by multiplying the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2 by the numerical percent of the respective percent identity(divided by 100) and then subtracting that product from said total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, or: n a <x a - (x a • y), wherein n a is the number of amino acid alterations, x a is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, and y is, for instance 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85% etc., and wherein any non-integer product of x a and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from x a . "Homolog" is a generic term used in the art to indicate a polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence possessing a high degree of sequence relatedness to a subject sequence. Such relatedness may be quantified by determining the degree of identity and/or similarity between the sequences being compared as hereinbefore described. Falling within this generic term are the terms "ortholog", meaning a polynucleotide or polypeptide that is the functional equivalent of a polynucleotide or polypeptide in another species, and "paralog" meaning a functionally similar sequence when considered within the same species. "Fusion protein" refers to a protein encoded by two, often unrelated, fused genes or fragments thereof. In one example, EP-A-0 464 discloses fusion proteins comprising various portions of constant region of immunoglobulin molecules together with another human protein or part thereof. In many cases, employing an immunoglobulin Fc region as a part of a fusion protein is advantageous for use in therapy and diagnosis resulting in, for example, improved pharmacokinetic properties [see, e.g., EP-A 0232 262]. On the other hand, for some uses it would be desirable to be able to delete the Fc part after the fusion protein has been expressed, detected and purified. Example Expression patterns of SVP- 1 were investigated using Northern blot analysis, using standard methods (for example Sambrook et al, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.(1989), and Taqman fluorescent PCR (Perkin Elmer). Northern blots showed that the SVP-1 splice variant transcript is approximately 8kb in size. The Northern blot data detected expression in peripheral blood leucocytes, lymph node and bone aπow. - 20 - Taq an was used to further investigate the expression of SVP- 1 in leucocytes observed from the Northern blot data The Taqman analysis was earned out according to the manufacturers instructions using the following oligonucleotides SVP1 labelled probe 5' CAAAACCAGGGAAGCTCCATGCCA 3' SVP1 forward primer: 5' CGCAGCTCCACCGTACACT 3' SVP 1 reverse primer 5 ' TGGCGACAGGGATGGG 3 ' Taqman PCR was earned out on a set of human leucocytic cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets and monocytes The signal was then normalised to 3 different housekeeping genes-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine nbosyl tranferase (HPRT) and acidic πbosomal phoshoprotein P0 (36B4) Expression of SVP-1 was detected in monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes and at a higher level in platelets and neutrophils The highest levels of expression were found in activated neutrophils Expression of SVP-1 was also detected in a microglial cell line (C13), with a dramamatic increase following stimulation of the cells with IL-lα Expression of SVP-1 in monocytes decreased duπng cultuπng, with the presence of GMCSF further reducing expression levels, whilst in neutrophils the expression of SVP-1 was found to decrease after 1 hour in culture and the increase again after 4 hours in culture All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individualh indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as though fully set forth - 21 -

Claims: Claims 1. An isolated polypeptide comprising a polypeptide sequence which has at least 95% identity to the polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. 2. The polypeptide as claimed in claim 1 compπsing the polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. 3. The isolated polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2. 5. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide sequence which has at least 95% identity to a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2; or a polynucleotide sequence complementary to said isolated polynucleotide. 6. An isolated polynucleotide which compπses a polynucleotide sequence which has at least 95% identity to that of SEQ ID NO: 1 ; or a polynucleotide sequence complementary to said isolated polynucleotide. 7. An isolated polynucleotide selected from: (a) a polynucleotide compπsing a polynucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2; (b) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2; (c) the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 ; and (d) a polynucleotide obtainable by screening a library under stπngent hybridization conditions with a labeled probe having the sequence of SEQ ID NO:l or a fragment thereof, or a nucleotide sequence complementary to said isolated polynucleotide over the entire length thereof. 8. An expression system compπsing a polynucleotide capable of producing a polypeptide of claim 1 when said expression system is present in a compatible host cell. 9 A host cell comprising the expression system of claim 8 or a membrane thereof expressing the polypeptide of claim 1 10. A process for producing a polypeptide of claim 1 compπsing the step of cultuπng a host cell of claim 9 under conditions sufficient for the production of said polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide from the culture medium - 22 - 1 1. An antibody immunospecific for the polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 3. 12. A method for screening to identify compounds which stimulate or which inhibit the function of the polypeptide of claim 1 which comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: (a) measuring the binding of a candidate compound to the polypeptide (or to the cells or membranes expressing the polypeptide) or a fusion protein thereof by means of a label directly or indirectly associated with the candidate compound; (b) measuring the binding of a candidate compound to the polypeptide (or to the cells or membranes expressing the polypeptide) or a fusion protein thereof in the presense of a labeled competitior; (c) testing whether the candidate compound results in a signal generated by activation or inhibition of the polypeptide, using detection systems appropriate to the cells or cell membranes expressing the polypeptide; (d) mixing a candidate compound with a solution containing a polypeptide of claim 1, to form a mixture, measuring the activity of the polypeptide in the mixture, and comparing the activity of the mixture to a standard; or (e) detecting the effect of a candidate compound on the production of mRNA encoding said polypeptide and said polypeptide in cells, using for instance, an ELISA assay. 14. A process for diagnosing a disease or a susceptibility to a disease in a subject related to expression or activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 in a subject comprising: (a) determining the presence or absence of a mutation in the nucleotide sequence encoding said polypeptide in the genome of said subject; and/or (b) analyzing for the presence or amount of said polypeptide expression in a sample derived from said subject. 15. An isolated polynucleotide selected form the group consisting of: (a) an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence which has at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO:3 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:3; (b) an isolated polynucleotide comprising the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:3; (c) the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:3; or (d) an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which has at least 95% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:4. - 23 - 16. A polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence which has at least 95% identity to that of SEQ ID NO:4 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:4; (b) a polypeptide in which the amino acid sequence has at least 95% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO:4; (c) a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid of SEQ ID NO:4; (d) a polypeptide which is the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:4; or (e) a polypeptide which is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising the sequence contained in SEQ ID NO:3. - 24 -

Inventors: MACPHEE COLIN HOUSTON, PATEL LISA, MACPHEE, COLIN, HOUSTON, PATEL, LISA
Applicants: SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PLC
Application year: 1999
Main classification: C12N15
IPC codes: C07K16, C12N1, C12N5, C12N9, C12N15, C12Q1, G01N33