TIMEPIECE

Abstract: A timepiece provided with a liquid crystal display panel (9) for displaying thereon at least one of time information (5) and calendar information (4), wherein a solar battery unit (12) is provided to face at least a part of a visual recognition side surface of the liquid crystal display panel (9) or an opposite-side (lower-side) surface thereof, the light being applied to a power generation portion of the solar battery unit (12) through a transmission portion of the liquid crystal display panel (9) to generate electric power or what is displayed on the liquid crystal display panel (9) being visually recognized through a transmission portion of the solar battery unit (12), a timepiece circuit and the liquid crystal display panel (9) being driven by utilizing the electric power generated by the solar battery unit (12).

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a timepiece provided with a liquid crystal display panel for displaying at least one of time information and calendar information. BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY In a timepiece for digitally displaying time information and calendar information, or in a combination timepiece made by combining the digital display of them and an analog display using hands, a liquid crystal display panel is used to perform the digital display. In such a conventional timepiece using the liquid crystal display panel, a battery of simple consumption-type or charging-type is typically used as an energy source (electric power source), and additionally there is one type in which a solar battery is provided around the liquid crystal display panel, and electric power generated by it is accumulated in a secondary battery to use. When the earth's environmental problems and energy problems are focused on, the simple consumption-type battery will have a serious problem in waste-disposal in the future, or the charging-type battery will have an energy consumption problem if it is charged through supply of electric power from an external power source. Further, replacement of batteries is not preferable, especially for a timepiece, in maintaining a good waterproof state and in the prevention of the introduction of dust into its case. Further, a timepiece has low power consumption, and thus its timepiece system can be driven with little quantity of power generation. Therefore, it is preferable to install a solar battery in the timepiece to supply the entire or at least a part of the consumed electric power by power generation of the solar battery, thereby offering a great expectation of no waste produced and self-sufficient energy in the future. In the timepiece using the conventional solar battery as the energy source, however, the solar battery is too conspicuous, and additionally it is necessary to secure a relatively large area for the solar battery, causing great restriction in visual design. An example of a timepiece using a conventional solar battery as an energy source is explained here with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a conventional digital wristwatch with solar batteries. FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a line X-X in FIG. 11. In this wristwatch, as shown in FIG. 11, a liquid crystal display panel 9 is disposed at the center of the upper surface of a watch case 1, and a number of solar batteries 15 are arranged in rows on both sides of the liquid crystal display panel 9. The liquid crystal display panel 9 is provided with a chronograph display portion 3, a year-month-date display portion 4 and a time display portion 5. Further, four mode adjusting buttons 10 for correcting display contents, adjusting time and the like are provided on the side face of the watch case 1. The watch case 1 seals the inner space with a cover glass 2 and a case back 7 as shown in FIG. 12. In the watch case 1, the liquid crystal display panel 9 and fours solar batteries 15 provided on either side thereof are arranged inside the cover glass 2. A circuit board 6 is disposed below them, which includes a timepiece circuit operating by being supplied with electric power from the solar batteries 15, a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal display panel 9, and the like. Around the solar batteries 15 and the liquid crystal display panel 9, a panel cover 25 is provided, which shields electrodes and their outer forms. In the liquid crystal display panel 9, a first substrate 21 and a second substrate 22, each of which is made of transparent glass or the like, are bonded together opposed each other with a predetermined gap interposed therebetween with spacers (not shown) and a sealing portion 23, and a liquid crystal layer 14 is sealed in the gap. The opposed inner faces of the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are provided with signal electrodes, opposed electrodes opposed to the signal electrodes to form pixel portions, and alignment films, though their illustration is omitted. A twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal with a twist angle of 90 degrees is used for the liquid crystal layer 14. In order to allow a change in alignment state of liquid crystal molecules caused by voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 14 used in the liquid crystal display panel 9 to be viewed, a first polarizing film 16 and a second polarizing film 17 are bonded to the upper side of the first substrate 21 and the lower side of the second substrate 22 respectively with an acrylic resin. Each of the first and second polarizing films is an absorption-type polarizing film of which one polarizing optical axis is a transmission axis and a polarizing optical axis perpendicular thereto is an absorption axis, and the first polarizing film 16 and the second polarizing film 17 are arranged so that the respective transmission axes are perpendicular to each other. This brings a portion where voltage is not applied between the signal electrode and the opposed electrode of the liquid crystal display panel 9 into a light transmission state, and a portion where voltage is applied into a light absorption state, thereby presenting a display. Further, a translucent-type reflector 18 made by evaporating aluminum (A1) film to a transparent resin film is bonded to the lower side of the second polarizing film 17, and, opposed to that, an auxiliary light source 19 composed of an electro-luminescent (EL) element is provided on the circuit board 6. When an external light source is dark, that is, when the environment of the watch in use is dark, the auxiliary light source 19 is turned on. Emitted light from the auxiliary light source 19 is made incident on the liquid crystal display panel 9 through use of transmission characteristics of the translucent-type reflector 18, presenting a transmission-type display. When the external light source is bright, use of reflection characteristics of the translucent-type reflector 18 enables a reflection-type display. A secondary battery 8 for accumulating electric power generated by the solar batteries 15 is provided on the back face side of the circuit board 6. These constituted a timepiece module having a function of generating electric power. There also is a combination watch though the illustration thereof is omitted, which digitally displays lap time of a chronograph and a year, a month and a date by a liquid crystal display panel and includes an hour hand, a minute hand and further a second hand to analog-display time with the hands, in which solar batteries are annularly arranged at the peripheral portion of a dial, and electric power generated by the solar batteries is used as electric power for a liquid crystal display and drive of the hands. In either structure of the conventional timepieces (watches), the solar batteries are viewed from the outside, which is not preferable in visual design. The liquid crystal display panel and the solar battery are located at different positions, making an outer form of the timepiece large as compared to the proportion of the display area of the liquid crystal display panel. Further, there also is a problem that a large display area of the liquid crystal display panel occupies a space where the solar battery is disposed. From document US 4,095,217 a liquid crystal display device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is made in view of the above described technical background, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a function of generating electric power by a solar battery in an area of a liquid crystal display panel, to obtain a sufficient display area and a sufficient quantity of power generation even if the present invention is applied to a small-sized timepiece, to enable elimination of power supply from the outside and battery exchange, and further to provide a timepiece excellent in visual design with an unobtrusive solar battery. The object is attained by a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a first embodiment of a timepiece according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a line A-A in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of only a solar battery unit 12 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of only a liquid crystal display panel 9 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2; FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first structural example of a liquid crystal display device taken along a line B-B in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second structural example of the liquid crystal display device of the same; FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a third structural example of the liquid crystal display device of the same; FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing a display state by a fourth example of the liquid crystal display device used in the timepiece according to the present invention; FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a line C-C in FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display panel driving system of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a conventional timepiece with solar batteries; and FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a line X-X in FIG. 11. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a timepiece according to the present invention are explained with reference to the drawings. First embodiment of timepiece: FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the first embodiment of the timepiece according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a line A-A in FIG. 1, in which the same numerals are given to components identical to those in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 of the above-described conventional example, and the description thereof is omitted. This watch is greatly different from the above-described conventional watch with solar batteries in that a liquid crystal display device having a function of generating electric power is installed at a display portion for time or the like in place of the conventional liquid crystal display device. More specifically, in the liquid crystal display device, a solar battery unit 12 including a plurality of power generation portions (solar batteries) are provided on the opposite side (lower side in FIG. 2) to the visual recognition side of a liquid crystal display panel 9 inside a watch case 1. Light is applied to power generation portions (solar batteries) 38 of the solar battery unit 12 through transmission portions of the liquid crystal display panel 9 to generate electric power. The solar battery unit 12 is described below in detail, in which four blocks of power generation portions are formed on a common solar battery substrate as shown by broken lines in FIG. 1 and connected in series to enhance output voltage. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a color film 11 is disposed above the solar battery unit 12 to change the color of the solar batteries, and formed with a reddish purple printed layer 50 at the peripheral portion. The liquid crystal display panel 9 disposed above (visual recognition side of) the solar battery unit 12 is also described below, in which a liquid crystal layer 46 composed of a twisted nematic liquid crystal with a twist angle of 90° is sealed in a gap between first and second transparent substrates 21 and 22 with a sealing portion 23 and a closing material not shown, and a first polarizing film and a second polarizing film are disposed on the visual recognition side and on the opposite side to the visual recognition side respectively. An upper auxiliary light source 37 and a panel cover 25 are provided on the visual recognition side of the peripheral potion of the liquid crystal display panel 9 as shown in FIG. 2. First structural example of liquid crystal display device: FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 Next, structures of the solar battery unit 12 and the liquid crystal display panel 9 constituting the liquid crystal display device installed in this watch are explained in detail. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the solar battery unit 12, in which the power generation portions 38 are diagonally shaded to facilitate recognition. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the liquid crystal display panel 9, and FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device 20 taken along a line B-B in FIG. 4. In the solar battery unit 12 constituting a part of the liquid crystal display device 20, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, a power generating semiconductor layer 34 having a PIN junction made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) of P-type, I-type, N-type and the like is sandwiched between a first electrode (lower electrode) 31 which is provided on a solar battery substrate 33 and a second electrode (upper electrode) 35, thereby constituting the power generation portion (solar battery) 38. As clearly shown in FIG. 3, four blocks of the power generation portions 38 are provided, and in each of the power generation portions 38, a first electrode connecting portion 31 a and a second electrode connecting portion 35a are connected to each other at a joint portion 36 to increase output voltage. Further, in order to prevent deterioration of the solar batteries, a protection layer 30 (FIG. 5) made of a polyimide resin is provided on the solar battery substrate 33 to cover the power generation portions 38. Furthermore, in order to establish an electric connection to a circuit board 6 shown in FIG. 2, wirings are connected to the first electrode connecting portions 31a and the second electrode connecting portions 35a respectively through openings 30a and 30b which are formed by removing the protection layer 30 on the solar battery substrate 33. The color film 11 provided above the solar battery unit 12 is provided with the reddish purple printed layer 50 facing a portion other than the power generation portions 38. In the liquid crystal display panel 9 disposed on the visual recognition side (observer side) of the solar battery unit 12, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the liquid crystal layer composed of a twisted nematic liquid crystal with a twist angle of 90° is sealed between the first and second transparent substrates 21 and 22 with the sealing portion 23 and a closing material 27. Further, data electrodes 47 each made of a transparent conductive film are formed in stripes on the inner surface of the first substrate 21 disposed on the visual recognition side, and scanning electrodes 45 each made of a transparent conductive film are formed in stripes, perpendicular to the data electrodes 47, on the inner surface of the second substrate 22 opposed to the first substrate 21 (see FIG. 4). It should be noted that the data electrodes 47, the sealing portion 23 and the closing material 27 are provided on the back side of the first substrate 21, but the first substrate 21 is transparent, and thus they are shown by solid lines in FIG. 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a first polarizing film 49 is disposed on the outer surface (visual recognition side) of the first substrate 21 and a second polarizing film 48 on the outer surface (opposite side to the visual recognition side) of the second substrate 22, respectively. The first polarizing film 49 is an absorption-type polarizing film of which one optical axis is an absorption axis and an optical axis perpendicular thereto is a transmission axis. The second polarizing film 48 is a reflection-type polarizing film of which one optical axis is a reflection axis and an optical axis perpendicular thereto is a transmission axis. The first polarizing film 49 and the second polarizing film 48 are arranged so that the respective transmission axes are perpendicular to each other, and the 90°-twisted nematic liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 46, whereby voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 46 within pixel portions 26 (see FIG. 4) constituted by intersections of the data electrodes 47 and the scanning electrodes 45 to control transmittance and reflectance, thereby performing a display. The arrangement of the transmission axes of the first polarizing film (absorption-type polarizing film) 49 and the second polarizing film (reflection-type polarizing film) 48 to be perpendicular to each other brings about a transmission state by combination with the liquid crystal layer 46 when the voltage to the liquid crystal display panel 9 is off. Therefore, it becomes easy to apply light to the solar battery unit 12 while the liquid crystal display device 20 is not in use, thereby electric power is efficiently generated. Further, the color film 11 having characteristics of transmitting light within a wavelength region matching with wavelengths absorbed by the power generation portions 38 of the solar battery unit 12 is provided between the liquid crystal display panel 9 and the solar battery unit 12. A display by the liquid crystal display panel 9 is performed using transmission characteristics of the color film 11 having substantially the same transmission characteristics (spectral reflection characteristics) as absorption wavelength characteristics of the solar battery unit 12 caused by an increase in the transmittance, and reflection characteristics caused by an increase in reflectance. The printed layer 50 provided at a portion of the color film 11 facing the portion other than the power generation portions 38 on the solar battery unit 12 further increases the uniformity in the display by the liquid crystal display panel 9. As described above, the reflection-type polarizing film is used as the second polarizing film 48, and the liquid crystal display panel 9 is given reflection characteristics, and, further, the display is performed using the absorption characteristics of the solar battery unit 12 and the color film 11, and the solar battery unit 12 is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display panel 9. Furthermore, the color film 11 which transmits light with substantially the same wavelengths as the wavelengths absorbed by the power generation region of the solar battery unit 12 is provided between the liquid crystal display panel 9 and the solar battery unit 12 and provided with the printed layer 50, thereby making it possible to bring the entire surface of the solar battery unit 12 to substantially the same color. More than that, the solar battery unit 12 can be disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display panel 9 without decreasing the power generation efficiency of the solar battery unit 12. Moreover, the color film 11 is provided over the periphery of a display region (a region larger than the second substrate 22 shown in FIG. 4) constituted of clusters of the pixel portions 26 which are constituted by the intersections of the data electrodes 47 and the scanning electrodes 45 of the liquid crystal display panel 9, making it possible to make the display by the liquid crystal display panel 9 uniform. Second structural example of liquid crystal display device: FIG. 6 Next, the second structural example of the liquid crystal display device installed in the timepiece according to the present invention is explained with FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 5 of the first structural example, showing the structure of the liquid crystal display device, in which the same numerals are given to portions corresponding to those in FIG. 5. In the liquid crystal display device 20, different from the first structural example, only a printed layer 50 is provided on a solar battery unit 12 with no color film 11 provided between a liquid crystal display panel 9 and the solar battery unit 12. The solar battery unit 12 is constituted similarly to the first structural example, but a solar battery substrate 33 is not provided with a protection layer 30 thereon but with the printed layer 50 at a portion except for power generation portions 38. In the liquid crystal display panel 9 disposed on the visual recognition side of the solar battery unit 12, a super twisted nematic liquid crystal with a twist angle of 240° is used as a liquid crystal layer 46 sealed between first and second transparent substrates 21 and 22. Further, a retardation film 41 is disposed between the first substrate and a first polarizing film 49 made of an absorption-type polarizing film, and a cholesteric liquid crystal film 58 for selectively reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength region of visible light is provided on the outer surface (opposite side to the visual recognition side) of the second substrate 22. The first substrate 21, the first polarizing film 49 and the retardation film 41 are bonded together so that optical axes of the first polarizing film 49 made of the absorption-type polarizing film and the retardation film 41 are arranged to have an offset in angle, and that an orientation axis of the liquid crystal layer 46 composed of the super twisted nematic liquid crystal, an absorption axis of the first polarizing film 49 and a retardation axis of the retardation film 41 are arranged to have offsets in angle. Then, the angle of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 58 bonded to the second substrate 22 is arranged so that transmittance becomes a maximum when no voltage is applied. This brings the liquid crystal display panel 9 to a transmission state when the applied voltage is off, thereby facilitating application of light to the solar battery unit 12 when the liquid crystal display device is not in use, electric power is efficiently generated. The display by the liquid crystal display panel 9 is performed using absorption characteristics by the solar battery unit 12 and the printed layer 50 which has substantially the same absorption wavelength characteristics (spectral reflection characteristics) as those of the solar battery unit 12 caused by an increase in the transmittance, and, further, using selective reflection by the cholesteric liquid crystal film 58 caused by an increase in the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 46, and using reflection characteristics caused by an increase in reflectance. The formation of the printed layer 50 on the solar battery unit 12 can bring the power generation portions 38 of the solar battery unit 12 and the solar battery substrate 33 therearound to the same color tone, presenting a uniform color when the solar battery unit 12 is used as an absorption plate of the liquid crystal display panel 9. Further, the printed layer 50 is formed directly on the solar battery unit 12, resulting in improved alignment accuracy. Furthermore, a wavelength of the selective reflection by the cholesteric liquid crystal film 58 is brought into a complementary color relationship with a wavelength contributing to power generation of the solar battery unit 12, whereby light with the wavelength contributing to the power generation of the solar battery unit 12 transmits the cholesteric liquid crystal film 58 even during the selective reflection of the cholesteric liquid crystal film 58 and is made incident on the solar battery unit 12, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and enhancing contrast ratio. Third structural example of liquid crystal display device: FIG. 7 Next, the third structural example of the liquid crystal display device installed in the timepiece according to the present invention is explained with FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 5 of the first structural example, showing the structure of the liquid crystal display device, in which the same numerals are given to portions corresponding to those in FIG. 5. This liquid crystal display device 20 is different from the first structural example in that a mixed liquid crystal layer 56 with a scattering property containing a liquid crystal and a polymer which is a transmitting polymer solid substance is used as the liquid crystal layer which is sealed between first and second transparent substrates of a liquid crystal display panel 9. Further, the outer surface (visual recognition side) of a first substrate 21 is not provided with a first polarizing film 49 but an ultraviolet light cut film 57 for preventing application of ultraviolet light to the mixed liquid crystal layer 56. Furthermore, no second polarizing film 48 is disposed on the outer surface of the second substrate, and no color film 11 is provided between the second substrate and a solar battery unit 12, but a printed layer 50 is provided directly on the outer surface of a second substrate 22. The display by the liquid crystal display panel 9 is performed using the absorption characteristics by the solar battery unit 12 and the printed layer 50 which is provided on the back side of the second substrate 22 and has substantially the same absorption wavelength characteristics (spectral reflection characteristics) as those of the solar battery unit 12 caused by an increase in the transmittance, and, further, an increase in the voltage applied to the mixed liquid crystal layer 56 enhances a scattering property caused by a difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal and the transmitting polymer,solid substance, thereby causing a scattering in white. The formation of the printed layer 50 on the second substrate 22 can bring power generation portions 38 of the solar battery unit 12 and a solar battery substrate 33 therearound to the same color tone, presenting a uniform color when the solar battery unit 12 is used as the absorption plate of the liquid crystal display panel 9. Further, the printed layer 50 is closely contacted the second substrate 22 and thus a distance between the mixed liquid crystal layer 56 and the printed layer 50 becomes short, thereby preventing blurring of an image caused by double images. Further, the mixed liquid crystal layer 56 containing the liquid crystal and the polymer which is the transmitting polymer solid substance is used for the liquid crystal layer, and its scattering property is controlled to perform a display, thereby increasing a contrast ratio with respect to a color absorbed by the solar battery unit 12, representing a bright display. Moreover, no polarizing film is used, thereby increasing the transmittance of the liquid crystal display panel, resulting in improved power generation efficiency of the solar battery unit 12. A liquid crystal display panel having the same structure as that of the third structural example can also be constituted using a mixed liquid crystal layer made by mixing a liquid crystal and a dichroic dye for its liquid crystal layer. In this case, an absorption wavelength of the dichroic dye is given at least a difference of 0.1 on a chromaticity diagram (x, y) with respect to the absorption wavelength of the power generation portions 38 of the solar battery unit 12 or the printed layer 50, thereby improving visibility. In the liquid crystal display panel using the dichroic dye, no polarizing film is used, also improving the power generation efficiency of the solar battery unit 12. Fourth structural example of liquid crystal display device: FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 Next, the fourth structural example of the liquid crystal display device installed in the timepiece according to the present invention is explained with FIG. 8 to FIG. 10. This liquid crystal display device is configured such that when the quantity of power generation of a solar battery unit decreases, display contents on a liquid crystal display panel are changed to increase the quantity of application of light to the solar battery unit, thereby making it possible to control the quantity of power generation of the solar battery unit. FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing a display state of the liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a line C-C in FIG. 8. In these drawings, the same numerals are given to portions corresponding to those in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 of the first structural example. The liquid crystal display device 20, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, includes a liquid crystal display panel 9 and a solar battery unit 12, in which a color film 59 is disposed on the visual recognition side of an electrode portion (including wirings) of the solar battery unit 12 between the liquid crystal display panel 9 and the solar battery unit 12, for shielding the electrode portion. The color film 59 is a film having substantially the same spectral reflectance as that of the above-described power generation portion of the solar battery unit 12. The liquid crystal display panel 9 is constituted by, from the visual recognition side, an absorption-type polarizing film (not shown), a first substrate 21, data electrodes and an alignment film (not shown), a liquid crystal layer 46, an alignment film and scanning electrodes (not shown), a second substrate 22, and a reflection-type polarizing film (not shown). The liquid crystal layer 46 is sealed between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 with a sealing portion 23 and a closing material 27. A whole display region 52 of the liquid crystal display panel 9 is constituted of clusters of pixel portions which are the intersections of the data electrodes on the first substrate 21 and the scanning electrodes on the second substrate 22. The whole display region 52 is constituted of an upper display region 53 and a lower display region 54, and a transmission region 55 provided around the upper display region 53 and the lower display region 54. Further, in this example, the solar battery unit, the printed layer and the color film are used for a dark display as in the above-described liquid crystal display devices, requiring no panel cover around the whole display region 52 in particular, and thus a structure is employed in which the color film 59 is disposed also around the solar battery unit 12 in place of the panel cover to increase the quantity of power generation. A system block diagram for changing the display regions shown in FIG. 8 of the liquid crystal display panel 9 in the liquid crystal display device 20 is shown in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 10, the quantity of power generation by electric energy converted from light energy by the solar battery unit 12 which is a power generation means is detected by a voltage detection circuit 82 and converted to a predetermined voltage by a charging voltage conversion circuit 83 in accordance with the quantity of power generation and accumulated in a secondary battery 84 which is a storage battery. Further the voltage detection circuit 82 detects the quantity of power generation of the solar battery unit 12 and a battery remaining capacity of the secondary battery 84, and a display region selection circuit 85 determines the number of scanning lines used for a display in accordance with the detection result. Further, a synchronization separation circuit 87 divides a synchronization signal in an image signal outputted from an image signal output circuit 88 into a vertical synchronization signal to be inputted into a vertical synchronization circuit 81 and a horizontal synchronization signal to be inputted into a horizontal synchronization circuit 91 with reference to a reference clock generated by a reference clock oscillation circuit 86. The image signal from the image signal output circuit 88 is inputted into a gradation signal generation circuit 92 through an A/D converter 89, and combined with the vertical synchronization signal from the vertical synchronization circuit 81 and inputted into a data electrode drive circuit 93, where driving signals are generated and applied to the data electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel 9. On the other hand, signals for the number of the scanning lines which are selected by the display region selection circuit 85 are inputted into the scanning electrode drive circuit 94 through the horizontal synchronization circuit 91, and the scanning signals generated in the scanning electrode drive circuit 94 are applied to the scanning electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel 9. Of the whole display region 52 of the liquid crystal display panel 9 constituted by the first substrate 21, the second substrate 22, the liquid crystal layer and the like, the upper display region 53 always performs a display as a display region selected by the display region selection circuit 85, and the lower display region 54 stops performing a display as required to increase the transmittance, thereby improving power generation efficiency of the solar battery unit 12. As described above, the number of the scanning lines contributed to the display is selected by the display region selection circuit 85 in accordance with the quantity of power generation of the solar battery unit 12 or the battery remaining capacity of the secondary battery 84, and the whole display region 52 is divided into the region 53 where a display is performed and the region 54 where a display is stopped to increase the transmittance to control the transmittance of the liquid crystal display panel 9, thereby making it possible to control the quantity of power generation of the solar battery unit 12. Further, in the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display panel 9 is configured so that its transmittance becomes high where no voltage is applied thereto for both improvement of the transmittance of the liquid crystal display panel 9 and reduction in power consumption thereof. For example, in the case in which the absorption-type polarizing film, the reflection-type polarizing film and the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer are used, the absorption-type polarizing film and the reflection-type polarizing film are arranged so that the respective transmission axes are perpendicular to each other. Further, in the case in which the mixed liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye in a liquid crystal is used, the dichroic dye is aligned in a direction of less absorption when no voltage is applied thereto. In the case in which the mixed liquid crystal layer containing a transmitting polymer solid substance in a liquid crystal is used, a mode in which the transmittance increases when no voltage is applied thereto is employed. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY A timepiece according to the present invention is equipped with a liquid crystal display device having a function of generating electric power, in which a function of generating electric power by a solar battery can be obtained in an area of a liquid crystal display panel, thereby securing a sufficient area for a liquid crystal display even if the liquid crystal display device is installed in a small-sized timepiece and also making it possible to eliminate power supply from the outside and battery exchange, thus solving the environmental problems and problems on the supply of energy, with a realization of a maintenance-free timepiece. Moreover, the timepiece is excellent in visual design because the solar battery is not viewed from the outside of the timepiece.

Claims: A liquid crystal display device (20) with a liquid crystal display panel (9), wherein a solar battery (12) is provided to face at least a part of a surface side opposite to a visual recognition side of said liquid crystal display panel (9) and light is applied to said solar battery (12) through a transmission portion of said liquid crystal display panel (9) to generate electric power, characterized in that a display with low brightness by said liquid crystal display panel (9) is performed using a low reflectance characteristic of said solar battery (12). The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a film or a printed layer (50) having substantially same spectral reflectance as that of a power generation portion (38) of said solar battery (12) is provided on the visual recognition side of an electrode portion of said solar battery (12). The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal device (20) is a display panel for a timepiece. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein a film (11, 48, 58) for changing a color of said solar battery (12) is provided between said solar battery and said liquid crystal display panel (9). The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 4, wherein the film (11, 48, 58) for changing a color of said solar battery (12) is a cholesteric liquid crystal film (58). The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 3, wherein a power generation quantity adjustment region (54) for changing a transmittance is provided at a part of a display region (52) of said liquid crystal display panel (9) to adjust a quantity of power generation of said solar battery (12). The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 3, wherein means (82, 85) for conducting a control to increase a transmittance of said liquid crystal display panel (9) is provided to increase a quantity of power generation of said solar battery (12) while said liquid crystal display panel (9) is in a non-driving display state. The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 3, wherein a display is performed by a change in color of said liquid crystal display panel and a spectral reflection characteristic of said solar battery (12). The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 4, wherein a display is performed by a change in color of said liquid crystal display panel and a spectral reflection characteristic of said film (11, 48, 58). The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 3, wherein a liquid crystal layer (46, 56) of said liquid crystal display panel (9) is a mixed liquid crystal layer (56) made by mixing a dichroic dye in a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein a liquid crystal layer (46, 56) of said liquid crystal display panel (9) is a mixed liquid crystal layer (56) containing a polymer in a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 3, wherein a liquid crystal layer (46, 56) of said liquid crystal display panel is a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer or a super twisted nematic liquid crystal layer (46), polarizing films (48, 49) are provided on the visual recognition side and on the opposite side thereto respectively with said liquid crystal layer (46) interposed therebetween, and said polarizing film provided on the opposite side to the visual recognition side is a reflection-type polarizing film (48) of which one polarization axis is a transmission axis and another polarization axis substantially perpendicular thereto is a reflection axis. The liquid crystal display device (20) according to claim 3, wherein a liquid crystal layer (46, 56) of said liquid crystal display panel (9) is a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer or a super twisted nematic liquid crystal layer (46), and a polarizing film (49) is provided on the visual recognition side and a cholesteric liquid crystal film (58) is provided on the opposite side thereto respectively with said liquid crystal layer (46) interposed there between.

Inventors: AKIBA YUICHI, AOTA KATSUMI, MIYOSHI KOZO, SEKIGUCHI K, AKIBA, YUICHI, AOTA, KATSUMI, MIYOSHI, KOZO, SEKIGUCHI, K., AKIBA, Yuichi Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tech. Lab., AOTA, Katsumi Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tech. Lab., MIYOSHI, Kozo Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tech. Lab., SEKIGUCHI, K. Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tech. Lab.
Applicants: CITIZEN WATCH CO LTD, CITIZEN WATCH CO., LTD.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: G04G1
IPC codes: G02F1, G04G9, G04C10