IL-8 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 1,8 napthosultam substituted compounds of Formula (I), and compositions thereof, useful in the treatment of disease states mediated by the chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8).

Description: IL-8 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to novel 1,8 napthosultam substituted compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, processes for their preparation, and use thereof in treating IL-8. GROα. GROβ, GROγ and NAP-2 mediated diseases BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many different names have been applied to Interleukin-8 (IL-8), such as neutrophil attractant/activation protein- 1 (NAP- 1 ), monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF), neutrophil activating factor (NAF), and T-cell lymphocvte chemotactic factor Interleukin-8 is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, basophils, and a subset of T-cells It is produced by a majority of nucleated cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothehal and epithelial cells exposed to TNF, IL-lα, IL- lβ or LPS. and by neutrophils themselves when exposed to LPS or chemotactic factors such as FMLP M Baggiolini et al, J Clin Invest 84. 1045 ( 1989). J Schroder et al, J Immunol 139, 3414 (1987) and J Immunol 144. 2223 ( 1990) . Stπeter, et al, Science 243. 1467 ( 1989) and J Biol Chem 264 10621 ( 1989), Cassatella et al, J Immunol 148. 3216 ( 1992) GROα, GROβ, GROγ and NAP-2 also belong to the chemokine α family Like IL-8 these chemokines have also been referred to by different names For instance GROα, β, γ have been referred to as MGS Aα, β and γ respectively (Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity), see Richmond et al. J Cell Physiology 129. 375 (1986) and Chang et al. J Immunol 148, 451 (1992) All of the chemokines of the α-lamily which possess the ELR motif directly preceding the CXC motif bind to the IL-8 B receptor IL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 and ENA-78 stimulate a number of functions in vitro They have all been shown to have chemoattractant properties for neutrophils, while IL-8 and GROα have demonstrated T-lymphocytes. and basophiles chemotactic activity In addition IL-8 can induce histamine release from basophils from both normal and atopic individuals GRO-α and DL-8 can in addition, induce lysozomal enzyme release and respiratory burst from neutrophils IL-8 has also been shown to increase the surface expression of Mac- 1 (CD1 lb/CD 18) on neutrophils without de novo protein synthesis This may contribute to increased adhesion of the neutrophils to vascular endothehal cells Many known diseases are characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration As DL-8 GROα. GROβ. GROγ and NAP-2 promote the accumulation and activation of neutrophils. these chemokines have been implicated in a wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis Baggiolini et al. FEBS Lett 307 97 ( 1992). Miller et al. Cnt Rev Immunol 12 17 ( 1992) Oppenheim et al Annu Rev. Immunol. 9. 617 ( 1991 ): Seitz et al., J. Clin. Invest. 87. 463 ( 1991 ); Miller et al.. Am. Rev. Respir. Pis. 146. 427 (1992); Donnely et al.. Lancet 341. 643 ( 1993). In addition the ELR chemokines (those containing the amino acids ELR motif just prior to the CXC motif) have also been implicated in angiostasis. Strieter et al, Science 258, 1798 (1992). In vitro, IL-8, GROα. GROβ, GROγ and NAP-2 induce neutrophil shape change, chemotaxis. granule release, and respiratory burst, by binding to and activating receptors of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein-linked family, in particular by binding to EL-8 receptors, most notably the B-receptor. Thomas et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266. 14839 ( 1991); and Holmes et al., Science 253. 1278 ( 1991). The development of non-peptide small molecule antagonists for members of this receptor family has precedent. For a review see R. Freidinger in: Progress in Drug Research, Vol. 40, pp. 33-98, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel 1993. Hence, the IL-8 receptor represents a promising target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Two high affinity human EL-8 receptors (77% homology) have been characterized: EL-8Rα. which binds only IL-8 with high affinity, and EL-8Rβ, which has high affinity for IL-8 as well as for GRO-α, GROβ, GROγ and NAP-2. See Holmes et al., supra: Murphy et al.. Science 253, 1280 (1991): Lee et al.. J. Biol. Chem. 267. 16283 ( 1992): LaRosa et al.. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25402 ( 1992); and Gayle et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268. 7283 (1993). There remains a need for treatment, in this field, for compounds which are capable of binding to the IL-8 α or β receptor. Therefore, conditions associated with an increase in IL-8 production (which is responsible for chemotaxis of neutrophil and T-cells subsets into the inflammatory site) would benefit by compounds which are inhibitors of IL-8 receptor binding. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention provides for a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease, wherein the chemokine is one which binds to an DL-8 α or β receptor and which method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In particular the chemokine is DL-8. This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the binding of IL-8 to its receptors in a mammal in need thereof which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I). The present invention also provides for the novel compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), and a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent. Compounds of Formula (I) useful in the present invention are represented by the structure: wherein R is -NH-C(X)-NH-(CRi 3 R 1 4) v -Z; Z is W, HET, (γ ) n , optionally substituted C _ \Q alkyl, optionally substituted C2-10 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-10 alkynyl; X is O, or S; Rl is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano. halosubstituted C i- io alkyl. C i-io alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl. C \.\Q alkoxy, halosubstituted C \.10 alkoxy. azide, (CRgRg)q S(O) t R4, hydroxy, hydroxy Cj-4alkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-4 alkyl, aryloxy, aryl C i-4 alkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C i-4alkyl, heteroaryl C i-4 alkyloxy, aryl C2-10 alkenyl, heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl, heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl, (CRgRg)qNR4R5, C2-10 alkenyl C(O)NR4R 5 , (CRgRg)q C(O)NR4R5, (CR Rg)q C(O)NR4Rl0- S(O)3R8, (CRgRg)q C(O)R 1 1 , C2-10 alkenyl C(O)R 1 1 , C2- 10 alkenyl C(O)OR 1 1 , (CRgRg)q C(O)OR 1 1 , (CR R )q C(O)OR 1 2 , (CR 8 Rg)qOC(O)R 1 1 , (CRgRg)qNR 4 C(O)Rι 1, (CRgRg)q C(NR4)NR 4 R 5 ; (CRgRg)q NR4C(NR 5 )Rι j, (CRgRg)q NHS(O) 2 Ri7, or (CRgRg)q S(O)2NR 4 R 5 , or two Rl moieties together may form O-(CH2)sO or a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring; and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic containing rings may be optionally substituted; R a is NR R , alkyl, arylCι.4 alkyl, arylC2-4 alkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl- C ι_4alkyl, heteroarylC2-4 alkenyl, heterocyclic. heterocyclicCι.4 alkyl. wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing rings may all be optionally substituted; n is an integer having a value of 1 to 3; m is an integer having a value of 1 to 5; p is an integer having a value of 1 to 3; q is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; s is an integer having a value of 1 to 3; t is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v is 0. or an integer having a value of 1 to 4; HET is an optionally substituted heteroaryl; R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1.4 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl. optionally substituted aryl C j-4alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl C i-4alkyl. heterocyclic, heterocyclic Ci-4 alkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which may optionally comprise an additional heteroatom selected from O/N/S; Y is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro. cyano, halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl, -io alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, Cj-io alkoxy: halosubstituted alkoxy, azide, (CRgRg)q S(O)t_R4, hydroxy, hydroxyC i -4alkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-4 alkyl, aryloxy, aryl -4 alkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl. heteroaryl Cj-4 alkyloxy, heterocyclic. heterocyclic C i-4alkyl. aryl C2-10 alkenyl, heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl, heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl, (CRgRg)qNR4R5, C2-10 alkenylC(O)NR 4 R 5 , (CRgRg)qC(O)NR4R5, (CRgR 8 )qC(O)NR 4 Rιo, S(O) 3 Rg, (CR 8 Rg)qC(O)Rι 1, C2-10 alkenyl C(O)Rι 1 , C2-10 alkenyl C(O)ORι 1, (CRgR 8 )qC(O)ORi 1. CRgR 8 )qC(O)ORl2, (CR 8 Rg)q OC(O)Rι 1, (CR 8 R 8 )q NR4C(O)Rι 1, (CR 8 R 8 )qC(NR 4 )NR 4 R5; (CR 8 R 8 )q NR 4 C(NR 5 )R! ι ; (CRgR 8 )qNHS(O)2R a , or ( CR 8 R 8)q S(O) 2 NR 4 R 5 , or two Y moieties together may form O-(CH2)s -O or a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring; and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic containing rings may be optionally substituted; R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen or a Cj-4 alkyl group, or R6 and R7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which ring may optionally contain an additional heteroatom which heteroatom is selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; Rg is independently hydrogen or C i-4 alkyl; RlO is Ci-10 alkyl C(O)2R8; Rj 1 is hydrogen, Cj-4 alkyl. optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl Ci-4alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylCi-4alkyl. optionally substituted heterocyclic, or optionally substituted heterocyclicCι_4alkyl; Rl2 is hydrogen, Cj-io alkyl. optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted arylalkyl; Rl3 and R14 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C j-4 alkyl, or one of R13 and R14 may be an optionally substituted aryl; R15 and Rjg are independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted Cι_4 alkyl; Rl7 is Ci-4alkyl. aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC)-4alkyl. heterocyclic, or heterocyclicCi_4alkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing rings may all be optionally substituted; the E containing ring is optionally selected from the asteπx * denoting point of attachment of the ring, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The compounds of Formula (I) may also be used in association with the veterinary treatment of mammals, other than humans, in need of inhibition of EL-8 or other chemokines which bind to the EL-8 α and β receptors Chemokine mediated diseases for treatment, therapeutically or prophylactically, in animals include disease states such as those noted herein in the Methods of Treatment section Suitably, Ri is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano. halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl, such as CF3, C i-io alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or n-propyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C]_ 10 alkoxy, such as methoxy, or ethoxy, halosubstituted C i-io alkoxy, such as trifluoromethoxy, azide, (CRgRg)q S(O) t R4, wherein t is 0, 1 or 2, hydroxy, hydroxy C] -4alkyl, such as methanol or ethanol. aryl, such as phenyl or naphthyl, aryl Ci-4 alkyl, such as benzyl, aryloxy, such as phenoxy, aryl Ci-4 alkyloxy, such as benzyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl. heteroaryl Cj-4 alkyloxy, aryl C2-10 alkenyl, heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl, heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl, (CRgRg)qNR4R5, C2-10alkenyl C(O)NR4R5, (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)NR4R 5 , (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)NR 4 Rι 0 , S(O) 3 R 8 , (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)Rι 1 , C 2 -10 alkenyl C(O)Rι 1 , C2-10 alkenyl C(O)ORj 1 , (CRgRg)qC(O)Rι 1 , (CRgRg)qC(O)ORι i,(CR 8 Rg)qC(O)ORi2, (CR 8 Rg)qOC(O)Rι 1 , (CRgR 8 )q NR4C(O)Rι 1 , (CR 8 Rg)q C(NR 4 )NR 4 R 5 , (CRgRg)qNR 4 C(NR 5 )R 1 { . (CRgRg)q NHS(O)2Rj7, (CRgRg)q S(O)2NR4R5, or two R\ moieties together may form O-(CH2)sO- or a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring All of the aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic containing moieties above may be optionally substituted as defined herein below Preferably Rj is other than azido Suitably m is an integer having a value of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 It is recognized that the R\ moiety may be substituted on either of the benzene rings of the sultam ring Suitably, s is an integer having a value of 1 to 3 When Ri forms a dioxybπdge. s is preferably 1 When R l forms an additional saturated or unsaturated ring, it is preferably 6 membered ring, preferably resulting in a naphthyiene ring system These additional rings may be substituted independently. 1 to 3 times, by the other R 1 moieties as defined above Suitably, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Cj-4 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl. optionally substituted aryl C i-4alkyl. optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl C i-4alkyl, heterocyclic. heterocyclicC i-4 alkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which may optionally comprise an additional heteroatom selected from O/N/S. Suitably, R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen or a C 1.4 alkyl group, or R6 and R7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which ring may optionally contain an additional heteroatom which heteroatom is selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. Suitably, R 8 is independently hydrogen or Cι_4 alkyl. q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10. Suitably, Rio is Q-io alkyl C(O)2R8, such as CH2 O)2H or CH 2 C(O) 2 CH 3 . Suitably, Rl 1 is hydrogen, Q-4 alkyl. aryl, aryl C1.4 alkyl, heteroaryl. heteroaryl C i-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclic Q-4alkyl. Suitably, R12 is hydrogen, Cl-10 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted arylalkyl. Suitably, R13 and R14 are independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted Ci-4 alkyl which may be straight or branched as defined herein, or one of R13 and R 14 are an optionally substituted aryl; v is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 4. When Rj3 or R j 4 are an optionally substituted alkyl, the alkyl moiety may be substituted one to three times independently by halogen: halosubstituted Ci-4 alkyl such as trifluoromethyl; hydroxy; hydroxy Q_4alkyl, C 1.4 alkoxy; such as methoxy. or ethoxy, halosubstituted Q-io alkoxy, S(O)tR4 , aryl, NR4R5, NHC(O)R4, C(O)NR4R5, or C(O)ORg. Suitably t is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 or 2. Suitably, R17 is Ci-4alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylCi-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclicCi-4alkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing rings may all be optionally substituted. Suitably, Y is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, halosubstituted Ci-io alkyl, Ci-io alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, Q . JO alkoxy; halosubstituted Ci-io alkoxy, azide, (CRgRg)q S(O)tR4, hydroxy, hydroxyCi_4alkyl, aryl, aryl -4 alkyl. aryloxy, arylQ-4 alkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl. heteroaryl Q-4 alkyloxy, heterocyclic, heterocyclic Q-4alkyl. aryl C2-10 alkenyl. heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl, heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl, (CRgRg)q NR4R5, C2-10 alkenyl C(O)NR4R5, (CRgRg)qC(O)NR4R5, (CRgRg) C(O)NR4Rlθ. S(O)3R 8 , (CRgRg)q C(O)Rι 1, C2-10alkenylC(O)Rι \. C2-10 alkenyl C(O)ORn . (CRgRg)q C(O)ORj 1. CRgRg)qC(O)OR i2. (CRgR )q OC(O)R 1 1 , (CRgRg)q NR4C(O)R 1 1. (CRgR )qC(NR4)NR 4 R5. ( CR 8 Rg ) qNR 4 C(NR 5 )R ι ! . (CR 8 Rg)qNHS ( O ) 2R a . or ( CRgR 8 )qS(O ) 2 NR 4 R5. or two Y moieties together may form 0-(CH2)s -O or a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring; and wherein the aryl. heteroaryl. and heterocyclic containing moieties above may all be optionally substituted. Suitably n is an integer having a value of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3. When Y forms a dioxybridge. s is preferably 1. The aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing moieties noted above for Y may all be optionally substituted as defined herein. When Y forms an additional saturated or unsaturated ring, it is preferably 6 membered ring, more preferably resulting in a naphthalene ring system. These additional rings may be optionally substituted 1 to 3 times by other Y moieties as defined above. Suitably, R a is NR6R7, alkyl, aryl Q.4 alkyl, arylC 2-4 alkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-Q.4alkyl, heteroarylC2-4 alkenyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicCι_4 alkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic rings may all be optionally substituted. Y is preferably a halogen, Q-4 alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy or aryl C 1 -4 alkoxy, methylenedioxy. NR4R5, thio C 1 -4alkyl, thioaryl, halosubstituted C 1 - 10 alkoxy, C 1.10 alkyl, or hydroxy C 1 - 10 alkyl. Y is more preferably mono-substituted halogen, disubstituted halogen, mono-substituted alkoxy, disubstituted alkoxy, methylenedioxy, aryl, or alkyl. More preferably these groups are mono or di-substituted in the 2'- position or 2'-, 3'-position when Z is W and W is a phenyl ring (such as when no E group is present). While Y may be substituted in any of the 5 ring positions when W is a phenyl moiety, Y is preferably mono-substituted in the 2-position or 3- position, with the 4- preferably being unsubstituted. If the phenyl ring is disubstituted. the substituents are preferably in the 2- or 3- position of a monocyclic ring. While both Ri and Y can both be hydrogen, it is preferred that at least one of the rings be substituted, preferably both rings are substituted. R is suitably -NH C(X 2 )-NHJCRι 3 Ri4)v-Z. Suitably, Z is W, HET, ( γ ) n , an optionally substituted . IQ alkyl, an optionally substituted C2-10 alkenyl, or an optionally substituted C2-10 alkynyl. Suitably p is an integer having a value of 1 to 3. Suitably, W is , or Suitably, the E containing ring is optionally selected from the asterix * denoting point of attachment of the ring. Preferably, Z is The E ring, denoted by its point of attachment through the asterix (*) may optionally be present. If it is not present, then the ring is a phenyl moiety which is substituted by the Y terms as shown above. The E ring may also be substituted by the Y moiety in any ring, saturated or unsaturated, and is shown for purposes herein substituted only in the unsaturated ring(s). Suitably X is =O, or =S. Suitably HET is a heteroaryl ring a multi- heterocyclic containing ring system as described herein. If the HET moiety is a multi ring system, the ring containing the heteroatom does not need to be directly attached to the urea moiety. All the rings in this ring system may be optionally substituted independently one to five times by Y as defined above, preferably 1 to 3 times. If the HET ring is a multi-ring system ring it is preferably a 5-14 membered ring system, which may include one saturated, or partially unsaturated ring, in additiona to the aromatic ring. The ring containing the heteroatom. (one or more of O/N/S) may not necessarily be the aromatic ring. Suitable multi-rinig systems include, but ar not limited to benzimidazole, dibenzothiophene, or an indole ring. Other heterocyclic rings of interest include, but are not limited to 2-3-or 4- pyridyl, thiophene. furan, pyrimidine, pyrrole, pyrazole, pyridazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazolinyl, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole. triazole, or imidazole. Suitably R j 5 and R\ are independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted C i -4 alkyl as defined above for R j 3 and R j 4. As used herein, "optionally substituted" unless specifically defined shall mean such groups as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted Q-ioalkyl; Q-io alkoxy. such as methoxy or ethoxy; S(O)mQ- io alkyl, wherein m' is 0, 1 or 2. such as methyl thio. methyl sulfinyl or methyl sulfonyl: amino; NR4R5; NHC(O)R4: C(O)NR4R5; C(O)OH; S(O)2NR4R5: NHS(O)2Rl9; -10 alkyl. such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl. or t-butyl: halosubstituted Q-io alkyl, such CF3: an optionally substituted aryl. such as phenyl. or an optionally substituted arylalkyl. such as benzyl or phenethyl, optionally substituted heterocylic. optionally substituted heterocy calkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl alkyl. wherein these aryl , heteroaryl. or heterocyclic moieties may be substituted one to two times by halogen; hydroxy, hydroxy substituted alkyl. Q- io alkoxy, S(O)mQ-io alkyl; am o, mono & di- Q-4alkyl substituted amino. such as in the NR4R5 group, Q-ioalkyl, or halosubstituted Q-io alkyl. such as CF3. Rl9 is suitably C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl Q-4alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylQ-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclιcQ-4alkyl Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include basic salts of inorganic and organic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methane sulphonic acid, ethane sulphonic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, tartaπc acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid and mandelic acid In addition, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (I) may also be formed with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, for instance, if a substituent group comprises a carboxy moiety. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations. The following terms, as used herein, refer to- • "halo" - all halogens, that is chloro, fluoro, bromo and lodo • "Cj-ioalkyl" or "alkyl" - both straight and branched chain radicals of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, unless the chain length is otherwise limited, including, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, π-propyl, /.rø-propyl, n-butyl, ec-butyl, jrø-butyl, tert- butyl, n-pentyl and the like • "cycloalkyl" is used herein to mean cyclic radicals, preferably of 3 to 8 carbons, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. • "alkenyl" is used herein at all occurrences to mean straight or branched chain radical of 2-10 carbon atoms, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including, but not limited to ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-l-propenyl, 1-butenyl. 2-butenyl and the like • "aryl" - phenyl and naphthyl; • "heteroaryl" (on its own or in any combination, such as "heteroaryloxy", or "heteroaryl alkyl") - a 5-14 membered aromatic ring system in which one or more rings contain one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O or S, such as. but not limited, to pyrrole, pyrazole, furan. thiophene. quinohne, isoquinoline. quinazolinyl. pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine. oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole. triazole, imidazole, or benzimidazole. • "heterocyclic" (on its own or in any combination, such as "heterocyclicalkyl") - a saturated or partially unsaturated 4-14 membered ring system in which one or more rings contain one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N. O, or S: such as, but not limited to, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine. morpholine, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiophene, or imidazolidine. • "arylalkyl" or "heteroarylalkyl" or "heterocyclicalkyl" is used herein to mean Q-io alkyl, as defined above, attached to an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic moiety, as also defined herein, unless otherwise indicated. • "sulfinyl" - the oxide S(O) of the corresponding sulfide, the term "thio" refers to the sulfide, and the term "sulfonyl" refers to the fully oxidized S(O)2 moiety. • "wherein two Ri moieties (or two Y moieties) may together form a 5 or 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring" is used herein to mean the formation of a bicyclo ring system or a phenyl moiety having attached a 5 or 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring such as a C cycloalkenyl, i.e. hexene, or a C5 cycloalkenyl moiety, cyclopentene, or a fully unsaturated ring 5 or 6 membered ring such as benzene, i.e. resulting in a naphtylene ring. Exemplified compounds of Formula (I) include: Λt-(2-bromophenyl)-N -(2H-naphth[ 1 ,8-cJ]isothiazol-3-yl)urea yV-(2.3-dichlorophenyl)-/V"-(2H-naphth[ 1 ,8-cJ]isothiazol-3-yI)urea- 1 , 1 -dioxide Λ^-(2-bromophenyl)-yV"-(2H-4-chloro-naphth[ 1 ,8-cJ]isothiazol-3-yl)urea- 1 , 1 -dioxide N-(2-bromophenyl)-N'-(2Η,7-chloro-naphth[ 1 ,8-cd]isothiazol-3-yl)urea- 1.1 -dioxide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Methods of Preparation The compounds of Formula (I) may be obtained by applying synthetic procedures, some of which are illustrated in the Schemes below. The synthesis provided for in these Schemes is applicable for the producing of Formula (I) having a variety of different Z. R j , and E groups which are reacted, employing optional substituents which are suitably protected to achieve compatibility with the reactions outlined herein. Subsequent deprotection. in those cases, then affords compounds of the nature generally disclosed. Once the urea nucleus has been established, further compounds of these formulas may be prepared by applying standard techniques for functional group interconversion. well known in the art. While the schemes are shown with a particular compound of Formula (I) this is merely for illustration purposes only and not a limitation on the extent of synthesis available using these methods. Scheme 1 a) NaN0 3 , H 2 S0 4 ) H 2 Pd/C, eOH c) PhNCO, DMF, 80°C If the desired aniline 2-scheme 1 is not commercially available the corresponding commercially available 1,8-napthosultam compound (Aldrich Chemical Co.. Milwaukee. Wi) 1 -scheme 1 is then nitrated under standard conditions (NaNO3 and H2SO4 ) the desired isomer is the minor isomer and this can be separated by chromatography. The ortho nitro compound is then reduced under standard condition (H2 Pd/C or SnCl2). The ortho substituted phenyl urea in 3-scheme 1 may be prepared by standard conditions involving the condensation of the commercially available substituted aryl isocyanate (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wi.) with the corresponding aniline 2-scheme 1 in an aprotic solvent such as (DMF or toluene). Alternatively the desired isocyanates can be made by condensing the amine with triphosgene in the presence of base (such as potassium carbonate) or by reacting the carboxylic acid with diphenyl phosphorazide in the presence of a base (such as triethyl amine). Scheme 2 a)NaN0 3 H 2 S0 4 b)Pd/C,H 2 c)CuCI,t-butyl nitrite,CH 3 CN d)HN0 3 /H 2 S0 4 e)Pd C, H 2 conditions (NaNO3/H2SO4) the para isomer which is the major isomer can be separated by chromatography. This compound can then reduced under standard conditions (H2, Pd/C or SnCb)- The 4-chloro- l.8-naphthosultam, 3-scheme 2 may be prepared by standard conditions involving the conversion of 4-amino-l,8- napthosultam 2-scheme 2 with copper(I) chloride and t-butyl nitrite in acetonitrile. The 2-amino-4-chloro- 1 , 8-naphthosultam 5-scheme 2 may be prepared by standard conditions involving the nitration (HNO3/H2SO4) of 4-chloro- l , 8-naphthosultam, 3_; scheme 2 followed by the reduction of 2-nitro-4-chloro-l, 8-naphthosultam, 4-scheme 2 using standard reduction conditions (H2, Pd C or SnCb) to form 5-scheme 2. The aniline 5-scheme 2 can be converted to the corresponding urea by following the procedure as elaborated in Scheme 1. Scheme 3 a)CuCI,t-butyl nιtrite,CH 3 CN b)HN0 3 /H 2 S0 4 c)H 2 , Pd C d)PCI 5 e)NaN0 3 , H 2 S0 4 f)H 2 , Pd/c If the desired 4-chloro-l -naphthalene sulfonic acid 2-scheme 3 is not commercially available the corresponding commercially available 4-amino- 1- naphthalene sulfonic acid 1 -scheme 3 is then converted to the chloride under standard conditions with copper (I) chloride/t-butyl nitrite in acetonitrile. The corresponding 8-amino-4-chloro-l -naphthalene sulfonic acid 3-scheme 3 may be prepared by standard nitration conditions(HNO3/H2SO4) followed by standard reduction conditions (H2, Pd/C or SnCl2) of 4-chloro-l -naphthalene sulfonic acid 2 scheme 3. The corresponding 5-chloro-l,8 naphthosultam 4-scheme 3 may be obtained under standard cyclization conditions with PCI5. The corresponding 2- amino-5-chloro-l.8-naphthosultam 5-scheme 3 may be prepared by standard nitration conditions (N NO3/H2SO4) followed by standard reduction conditions(H2, Pd/C or SnCl2) of 5-chloro- 1 , 8-naphthosultam 4-scheme 3 to form 5-scheme 3. The aniline 5-scheme 3 can be converted to the corresponding urea by following the procedure elaborated in scheme 1. Another aspect of the present invention is an analagoug process for producing a compound of Formula (I) as defined herein, which process comprises a) reacting a compound of the formula: (R,)m NH, O- O (II) with a compound of the formula: C(X)-N-(CRι 3 Ri4) v -Z; wherein R\, m, X, R13, R14, v and Z are as defined in Formula (I) to yield a compound of Formula (I); and thereafter if necessary, deprotecting, or converting a precursor of Ri or Z to a group R\ or Z. Another aspect of the present invnetion is the process for making a compound of the formula: wherein R\, and m are as defined in Formula (I), which process comprises reducing a compound of the formula: wherein A, Ri , and m are as defined in Formula (I), under suitable reducing conditions to yield a compound of Formula (II). Another aspect of the present invention is the novel intermediates of Formula (IT) and (HI) as shown below. A compound of the formula (II) is represented by the structure: wherein Ri , and m are as defined in Formula (I). A compound of the formula (II) is represented by the structure: wherein Ri , and m are as defined in Formula (I). A compound of the Formula (EV) is represented by the structure: wherein Rj , and m are as defined for Formula (I). Another aspect of the present invention is an analagous process for producing a compound of Formula (I), as defined in Claim 1 which process comprises reacting a compound of the formula: wherein Ri , and m are as defined for Formula (I); with a compound of the formula: NH 2 -C(X)-N-(CR 13 R 14 ) V -Z; wherein X, R13, R14, v and Z are as defined in Formula (I), to yield a compound of Formula (I), and thereafter if necessary, deprotecting, or converting a precursor of Rj, or Z to a group Rj, or Z. SYNTHETIC EXAMPLES The invention will now be described by reference to the following examples which are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the present invention. All temperatures are given in degrees centigrade, all solvents are highest available purity and all reactions run under anhydrous conditions in an argon atmosphere unless otherwise indicated. In the Examples, all temperatures are in degrees Centigrade (°C). Mass spectra were performed upon a VG Zab mass spectrometer using fast atom bombardment, unless otherwise indicated ^ H-NMR (hereinafter 'NMR") spectra were recorded at 250 MHz using a Bruker AM 250 or Am 400 spectrometer Multiplicities indicated are s=sιnglet, d=doublet. t=tπplet. q=quartet, m=multιplet and br indicates a broad signal Sat indicates a saturated solution, eq indicates the proportion of a molar equivalent ot reagent relative to the principal reactant Example 1 Preparation of N-f2 3-Naphthosultaml-N -r2-bromophenyll urea Alternative nomenclature Λ^2-bromophenyl)-/V '-(2H-naphth[ 1 ,8-cJ]ιsothιazol-3- yl)urea a) Preparation of 7-nιtro-l .8-naphthosultam 1 ,8 napthosultam (3 0 gram (hereinafter "g"), 14 63 millimole (hereinafter mmol )) was dissolved in methylene chloride (40 mil liter (hereinafter 'ml")) followed by the addition of sodium nitrate (1 25 g, 14 63 mmol) The addition of sulfuπc acid (75ml/ 3 Molar (hereinafter "M")) is then made, followed by addition of a catalytic amount of sodium nitrite The mixture is allowed to stir Alter 24 hours (hereinafter "h or hr ' ), the reaction mixture is diluted with methvlene chloride and extracted with water The organic layer is dried over MgSO 4 and filtered The solvent was evaporated and chromatography of the resulting solid on silica gel (4%MeOΗ/ CH 2 C1 2 ) gave the desired product (500 mg. 15 %) Η NMR (CD3COCD 5 8 21 (d,lH). 8 18 (d, IH), 8 12 (d.lH), 7 98 (t,lH), 7 45 (d, IH) b) Preparation of 7-amιno-l , 8-naphthosultam To a solution of 7-nιtro- 1 , 8-naphthosultam (500 milligrams (hereinafter mg"), 2 0 mmol) in methanol (50 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (1 0 g) The mixture was flushed with argon, then hydrogen was bubbled through the solution lor 10 min and a hydrogen atmosphere was maintained at balloon pressure for 4 hr The reaction mixture was flushed with argon and the mixture was filtered through celite and the celite was washed with methanol The solvent was evaporated and chromatography of the resulting solid on silica gel (5%MeOH/ CH 2 C1 2 ) gave the desired product (400 mg, 91 %) Η NMR (CD 3 SO CD 3 ) δ 8 04 (d, IH), 7 92 (d, IH). 7 45 (m,2H), 7 18 (d, IH), 5 30 (bs. IH) c) Preparation of N-[2,3-Naphthosultam]-N'-[2-bromophenyl] urea N-[2,3-Naphthosultam]-N'-[2-bromophenyl] urea was prepared by reacting 7- amιno- 1 8-naphthosultam (230mg, 1 05 mmol) and 2-bromophenyl isocyanate (210 mg, 1 05mmol) in 2ml of dimethylformamide at 80° C for 1 hour The product was purified by chromatography ot the resulting solid on silica gel (EtOAc/ hexanedequiv /lequiv )) (290mg, 66%) Η NMR (CD3SO2CD3) δ 10 65 (s IH). 9 40 (s, IH). 8 45 (d IH). 8 20 (d, IH). 8 19 (d. IH). 8 05 (d. 2H), 7 85 (d, IH) 7 70 (t. IH), 7 60 (d. 2H). 7 32 (t. IH), 6 98 (t, IH) By methods analogous to those described above or demonstrated in the schemes the following compounds may be synthesized /V-(2.3-dιchlorophenyl)-/V -(2H-naphth[ 1 ,8-cJ]ιsothιazol-3-vl lure a- 1 1 -dioxide /V-(2-bromophenyl)-/V -(2H-4-chloro-naphth[ 1 ,8-cJ]ιsothιazol-3-yl)urea- 1 , 1 -dioxide N-(2-bromophenyl)-N'-(2H-7-chloro-naphth[ 1.8-cd]ιsothιazol-3-yl)urea- l,l-dιoxιde METHOD OF TREATMENT The compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of any disease state in a human, or other mammal, which is exacerbated or caused by excessive or unregulated IL-8 cytokine production by such mammal's cell, such as but not limited to monocytes and/or macrophages, or other chemokines which bind to the IL-8 α or β receptor, also referred to as the type I or type II receptor Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease, wherein the chemokine is one which binds to an IL-8 α or β receptor and which method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof In particular, the chemokines are IL-8. GROα, GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 The compounds of Formula (I) are administered in an amount sufficient to inhibit cytokine function, in particular IL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78, such that they are biologically regulated down to normal levels of physiological function, or in some case to subnormal levels, so as to ameliorate the disease state Abnormal levels of IL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 for instance in the context of the present invention, constitute (I) levels of free IL-8 greater than or equal to 1 picogram per mL, (n) any cell associated IL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 above normal physiological levels, or (in) the presence IL-8, GROα. GROβ. GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 above basal levels in cells or tissues in which IL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 respectively, is produced There are many disease states in which excessive or unregulated IL-8 production is implicated in exacerbating and/or causing the disease Chemokine mediated diseases include psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, stroke, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephπtis, thrombosis, graft vs host reaction. Alzheimer's disease, allograft rejections, malaria, restinosis. angiogenesis or undesired hematopoietic stem cells release, rhinovirus infections, peπodontal diseases, and various bone resorption indications These diseases are primarily characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration, T-cell infiltration, or neovascular growth, and are associated with IL-8. GROα GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 production which is responsible for the chemotaxis of neutrophils into the inflammatory site or the directional growth of endothehal cells In contrast to other inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ, or NAP-2) has the unique property of promoting neutrophil chemotaxis, enzyme release including but not limited to elastase release as well as superoxide production and activation The α-chemokines but particularly, GROα. GROβ, GROγ, or NAP-2, working through the IL-8 type I or II receptor can promote the neovascularization of tumors by promoting the directional growth of endothehal cells Therefore, the inhibition of IL-8 induced chemotaxis or activation would lead to a direct reduction in the neutrophil infiltration Recent evidence also implicates the role of chemokines in the treatment of HIV infections, Littleman et al , Nature 381 pp 661 (1996) and Koup et al . Nature 381, pp 667 (1996) Present evidence also indicates the use of IL-8 inhibitors in the treatment of atherosclerosis The first reference, Boisvert et al , J Chn Invest, 1998. 101 353- 363 shows, through bone marrow transplantation, that the absence of IL-8 receptors on stem cells (and, therefore, on monocytes/macrophages) leads to a reduction in the development of atherosclerotic plaques in LDL receptor deficient mice Additional supporting references are Apostolopoulos. et al , Arteπoscler Thromb Vase Biol 1996, 16 1007-1012, Liu, et al , Arteπoscler Thromb Vase Biol, 1997. 17 317-323, Rus, et al , Atherosclerosis 1996. 127 263-271 Wang et al , J Biol Chem 1996. 271 8837-8842, Yue, et al , Eur J Pharmacol 1993, 240 81-84, Koch, et al . Am J Pathol, 1993. 142 1423-1431 , Lee. et al . Immunol Lett, 1996, 53, 109-1 13 , and Terkeltaub et al , Arteπoscler Thromb, 1994. 14 47-53 The present invention also provides for a means of treating, in an acute setting, as well as preventing, in those individuals deemed susceptible to, CNS injuries by the chemokine receptor antagonist compounds of Formula (I) CNS injuries as defined herein include both open or penetrating head trauma, such as by surgery, or a closed head trauma injury, such as by an injury to the head region Also included within this definition is ischemic stroke, particularly to the brain area Ischemic stroke may be defined as a local neurologic disorder that results from insufficient blood supply to a particular brain area, usually as a consequence ot an embolus. thrombi, or local atheromatous closure of the blood vessel The role ot inflammatory cytokines in this are has been emerging and the present ιn\entιon provides a mean for the potential treatment of these injuries Relatively little treatment, for an acute injury such as these has been av ailable The present invention also provides for a means of treating in an acute setting, as well as preventing, in those individuals deemed susceptible to CNS injuries by the chemokine receptor antagonist compounds of Formula (I) CNS injuries as defined herein include both open or penetrating head trauma, such as by surgery, or a closed head trauma injury, such as by an injury to the head region Also included within this definition is ischemic stroke, particularly to the brain area Ischemic stroke may be defined as a focal neurologic disorder that results from insufficient blood supply to a particular brain area, usually as a consequence of an embolus, thrombi, or local atheromatous closure of the blood vessel The role of inflammatory cytokines in this are has been emerging and the present invention provides a mean for the potential treatment of these injuries Relatively little treatment, for an acute injury such as these has been available TNF-α is a cytokine with proinflammatory actions, including endothehal leukocyte adhesion molecule expression Leukocytes infiltrate into ischemic brain lesions and hence compounds which inhibit or decrease levels of TNF would be useful for treatment of ischemic brain injury See Liu et al , Stoke. Vol 25 , No 7, pp 1481-88 ( 1994) whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference Models of closed head injuries and treatment with mixed 5-LO/CO agents is discussed in Shohami et al , J of Vaisc & Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, Vol 3, No 2, pp 99- 107 ( 1992) whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference Treatment which reduced edema formation was found to improve functional outcome in those animals treated The compounds of Formula (I) are administered in an amount sufficient to inhibit IL-8, binding to the IL-8 alpha or beta receptors, from binding to these receptors, such as evidenced by a reduction in neutrophil chemotaxis and activation The discovery that the compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors of IL-8 binding is based upon the effects of the compounds of Formulas (I) in the in xitro receptor binding assays which are described herein The compounds of Formula (I) have been shown to be inhibitors of type II IL-8 receptors As used herein, the term "IL-8 mediated disease or disease state" refers to any and all disease states in which IL-8, GROα. GROβ. GROγ NAP-2 or ENA-78 plays a role, either by production of IL-8, GROα. GROβ, GROγ NAP-2 or ENA-78 themselves, or by IL-8. GROα. GROβ, GROγ, NAP-2 or ENA-78 causing another monokine to be released, such as but not limited to IL-1. IL-6 or TNF A disease state in which, for instance IL-1 is a major component, and whose production or action, is exacerbated or secreted in response to IL-8. would therefore be considered a disease stated mediated by IL-8 As used herein, the term ' chemokine mediated disease or disease state refers to any and all disease states in which a chemokine which binds to an IL-8 α or β receptor plays a role, such as but not limited IL-8, GROα. GROβ, GROγ. NAP-2 or ENA-78 This would include a disease state in which. IL-8 plays a role either by production ot IL-8 itself, or by IL-8 causing another monokine to be released, such as but not limited to IL-1, IL-6 or TNF A disease state in which, for instance, IL-1 is a major component, and whose production or action, is exacerbated or secreted in response to IL-8, would therefore be considered a disease stated mediated by IL-8 As used herein, the term ' cytokine ' refers to any secreted polypeptide that affects the functions of cells and is a molecule which modulates interactions between cells in the immune, inflammatory or hematopoietic response A cytokine includes, but is not limited to, monokines and lymphokines regardless of which cells produce them For instance, a monokine is generally referred to as being produced and secreted by a mononuclear cell, such as a macrophage and or monocyte Many other cells however also produce monokines, such as natural killer cells, fibroblasts, basophils. neutrophils, endothehal cells, brain astrocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, epidermal keratinocytes and B-lymphocytes Lymphokines are generally referred to as being produced by lymphocyte cells Examples of cytokines include, but are not limited to. Interleukιn-1 (IL-1), Interleukιn-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (TNF-β) As used herein, the term "chemokine refers to any secreted polypeptide that affects the functions of cells and is a molecule which modulates interactions between cells in the immune, inflammatory or hematopoietic response, similar to the term "cytokine above A chemokine is primarily secreted through cell transmembranes and causes chemotaxis and activation of specific white blood cells and leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells, endothehal cells and smooth muscle cells Examples of chemokines include, but are not limited to, IL-8, GRO-α, GRO-β. GRO-γ. NAP-2. ENA-78, IP- 10, MlP-lα. MlP-β, PF4, and MCP 1, 2, and 3 In order to use a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in therapy, it will normally be formulated into a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice This invention therefore, also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective, non- toxic amount of a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent Compounds of Formula (I) pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such may conveniently be administered by any of the routes conventionally used for drug administration, for instance, orally, topically, parenterally or by inhalation The compounds ot Formula (I) may be administered in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of Formula (I) with standard pharmaceutical carriers according to conventional procedures The compounds of Formula (I) may also be administered in conventional dosages in combination with a known, second therapeutically active compound These procedures may involve mixing, granulating and compressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desired preparation It will be appreciated that the form and character of the pharmaceutically acceptable character or diluent is dictated by the amount of active ingredient with which it is to be combined, the route of administration and other well-known variables The carrιer(s) must be acceptable in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof The pharmaceutical carrier employed may be, for example, either a solid or liquid Exemplary ot solid carriers are lactose, terra alba, sucrose, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid and the like Exemplary of liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil. olive oil, water and the like Similarly, the carrier or diluent may include time delay material well known to the art, such as glyceryl mono-stearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax A wide variety of pharmaceutical forms can be employed Thus, if a solid carrier is used, the preparation can be tableted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form or in the form of a troche or lozenge The amount of solid carrier will vary widely but preferably will be from about 25mg to about Ig When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule, sterile injectable liquid such as an ampule or nonaqueous liquid suspension Compounds of Formula (I) may be administered topically, that is by non- systemic administration This includes the application ot a compound of Formula (I) externally to the epidermis or the buccal cavity and the instillation of such a compound into the ear. eye and nose, such that the compound does not significantly enter the blood stream In contrast, systemic administration refers to oral, intravenous, lntrapeπtoneal and intramuscular administration Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin to the site ot inflammation such as liniments, lotions, creams, ointments or pastes, and drops suitable for administration to the eye. ear or nose. The active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration, from 0.001% to 10% w/w, for instance from 1% to 2% by weight of the formulation. It may however comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferably will comprise less than 5% w/w, more preferably from 0.1% to 1 % w/w of the formulation. Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye. An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops. Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil. Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi-solid formulations of the active ingredient for external application. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient in finely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery, with a greasy or non-greasy base. The base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel. The formulation may incorporate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic. cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof. Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included. Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution of a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and preferably including a surface active agent. The resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-100 C. for half an hour. Alternatively, the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by an aseptic technique. Examples of bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenvlmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%). benzalkonium chloride (0.01 ) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01 %). Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol. diluted alcohol and propylene glycol. 11 Compounds ot formula (I) may be administered parenterally. that is by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous intranasal. intrarectal. intravaginal or lntrapeπtoneal administration The subcutaneous and intramuscular torms of parenteral administration are generally preferred Appropriate dosage torms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques Compounds of Formula (I) may also be administered by inhalation, that is by intranasal and oral inhalation administration Appropriate dosage forms for such administration, such as an aerosol formulation or a metered dose inhaler, may be prepared by conventional techniques. For all methods of use disclosed herein for the compounds of Formula (I), the daily oral dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0 01 to about 80 mg/kg of total body weight The daily parenteral dosage regimen about 0.001 to about 80 mg/kg of total body weight The daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0 1 mg to 150 mg, administered one to four, preferably two or three times daily. The daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg per day. It will also be recognized by one of skill in the art that the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular patient being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques. It will also be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests The invention will now be described by reference to the following biological examples which are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the present invention. BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES The IL-8. and GRO-α chemokine inhibitory effects of compounds of the present invention are determined by the following in vitro assay: Receptor Binding Assays: [125 jL-g (human recombinant) is obtained from Amersham Corp., Arlington Heights. EL. with specific activity 2000 Ci/mmol GRO-α is obtained from NEN- New England Nuclear. All other chemicals are of analytical grade High levels of recombinant human EL-8 type α and β receptors were individually expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells as described previously (Holmes, et al. Science, 1991, 253, 1278). The Chinese hamster ovary membranes were homogenized according to a previously described protocol (Haour. et al.. J Biol Chem.. 249 pp 2195-2205 (1974)). Except that the homogenization buffer is changed to lOmM Tris-HCL, ImM MgS04, 0.5mM EDTA (ethylene-diaminetetra- acetic acid). ImMPMSF (α-toluenesulphonyl fluoride), 0.5 mg/L Leupeptin, pH 7.5. Membrane protein concentration is determined using Pierce Co. micro-assay kit using bovine serum albumin as a standard. All assays are performed in a 96-well micro plate format. Each reaction mixture contains 125τ jL_g (0.25 nM) or 125τ Gro-α and 0.5 μg/mL of EL-8Rα or 1.0 μg/mL of EL-8Rβ membranes in 20 mM Bis- Trispropane and 0.4 mM Tris HCl buffers, pH 8.0. containing 1.2 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM EDTA, 25 mM NaCl and 0.03% CHAPS. In addition, drug or compound of interest is added which has been pre-dissolved in DMSO so as to reach a final concentration of between 0.0 InM and 100 uM. The assay is initiated by addition of 125τ_iL_g After 1 hour at room temperature the plate is harvested using a Tomtec 96-well harvester onto a glass fiber filtermat blocked with 1 % polyethylenimine/ 0.5% BSA and washed 3 times with 25 mM NaCl. 10 mM TrisHCl. 1 mM MgSO4, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.03 % CHAPS, pH 7.4. The filter is then dried and counted on the Betaplate liquid scintillation counter. The recombinant IL-8 Rα, or Type I, receptor is also referred to herein as the non-permissive receptor and the recombinant EL-8 Rβ, or Type II, receptor is referred to as the permissive receptor. Representative compounds of Formula (I), Example 1 has been found to have positive inhibitory activity of < 30 μmg in this assay. Chemotaxis Assay: The in vitro inhibitory properties of these compounds are determined in the neutrophil chemotaxis assay as described in Current Protocols in Immunology, vol. I, Suppl 1. Unit 6.12.3., whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Neutrophils where isolated from human blood as described in Current Protocols in Immunology Vol. I, Suppl 1 Unit 7.23.1, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The chemoattractants EL-8, GRO-α, GRO-β, GRO-γ and NAP-2 are placed in the bottom chamber of a 48 multiwell chamber (Neuro Probe, Cabin John, MD) at a concentration between 0.1 and 100 nM. The two chambers are separated by a 5um polycarbonate filter. When compounds of this invention are tested, they are mixed with the cells (0.001 - 1000 nM) just prior to the addition of the cells to the upper chamber. Incubation is allowed to proceed for between about 45 and 90 min. at about 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. At the end of the incubation period, the polycarbonate membrane is removed and the top side washed, the membrane then stained using the Diff Quick staining protocol (Baxter Products, McGaw Park. L. USA). Cells which have chemotaxed to the chemokine are visually counted using a microscope. Generally, four fields are counted for each sample, these numbers are averaged to give the average number of cells which had migrated. Each sample is tested in triplicate and each compound repeated at least four times. To certain cells (positive control cells) no compound is added, these cells represent the maximum chemotactic response of the cells. In the case where a negative control (unstimulated) is desired, no chemokine is added to the bottom chamber. The difference between the positive control and the negative control represents the chemotactic activity of the cells. Elastase Release Assay: The compounds of this invention are tested for their ability to prevent Elastase release from human neutrophils. Neutrophils are isolated from human blood as described in Current Protocols in Immunology Vol. I, Suppl 1 Unit 7.23.1. PMNs 0.88 x 10 6 cells suspended in Ringer's Solution (NaCl 118, KC1 4.56, NaHCO3 25, KH2PO4 1.03, Glucose 1 1.1, HEPES 5 mM, pH 7.4) are placed in each well of a 96 well plate in a volume of 50 ul. To this plate is added the test compound (0.001 - 1000 nM) in a volume of 50 ul, Cytochalasin B in a volume of 50 ul (20ug/ml) and Ringers buffer in a volume of 50 ul. These cells are allowed to warm (37 °C. 5% CO2, 95% RH) for 5 min before EL-8, GROα, GROβ, GROγ or NAP-2 at a final concentration of 0.01 - 1000 nM was added. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 45 min before the 96 well plate is centrifuged (800 xg 5 min.) and 100 ul of the supernatant removed. This supernatant is added to a second 96 well plate followed by an artificial elastase substrate (MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val- AMC. Nova Biochem, La Jolla, CA) to a final concentration of 6 ug/ml dissolved in phosphate buffered saline. Immediately, the plate is placed in a fluorescent 96 well plate reader (Cytofluor 2350, Millipore, Bedford. MA) and data collected at 3 min. intervals according to the method of Nakajima et al J. Biol Chem 254 4027 ( 1979). The amount of Elastase released from the PMNs is calculated by measuring the rate of MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-AMC degradation. TNF-α in Traumatic Brain Injury Assay The present assay provides for examination of the expression of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in specific brain regions which follow experimentally induced lateral fluid- percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=42) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and subjected to lateral fluid- percussion brain injury of moderate severity (2.4 atm.) centered over the left temporaparietal cortex (n=18), or "sham" treatment (anesthesia and surgery without injury, n=18). Animals are sacrificed by decapitation at 1, 6 and 24 hr. post injury, brains removed, and tissue samples of left (injured) parietal cortex (LC), corresponding area in the contralateral right cortex (RC), cortex adjacent to injured parietal cortex (LA), corresponding adjacent area in the right cortex (RA), left hippocampus (LH) and right hippocampus (RH) are prepared. Total RNA was isolated and Northern blot hybridization is performed and quantitated relative to an TNF-α positive control RNA (macrophage = 100%). A marked increase of TNF- α mRNA expression is observed in LH ( 104±17% of positive control, p < 0.05 compared with sham). LC ( 105±21%, p< 0.05) and LA (69±8%, p < 0.01 ) in the traumatized hemisphere 1 hr. following injury. An increased TNF- α mRNA expression is also observed in LH (46±8%, p < 0.05), LC (30±3%, p < 0.01) and LA (32±3%, p < 0.01 ) at 6 hr. which resolves by 24 hr. following injury. In the contralateral hemisphere, expression of TNF- α mRNA is increased in RH (46±2%, p < 0.01), RC (4±3%) and RA (22±8%) at 1 hr. and in RH (28±1 1%). RC ' (7±5%) and RA (26±6%, p < 0.05) at 6 hr. but not at 24 hr. following injury. In sham (surgery without injury) or naive animals, no consistent changes in expression of TNF- α mRNA are observed in any of the 6 brain areas in either hemisphere at any times. These results indicate that following parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury, the temporal expression of TNF-α mRNA is altered in specific brain regions, including those of the non- traumatized hemisphere. Since TNF- α is able to induce nerve growth factor (NGF) and stimulate the release of other cytokines from activated astrocytes, this post-traumatic alteration in gene expression of TNF-α plays an important role in both the acute and regenerative response to CNS trauma. CNS Injury model for EL-β mRNA This assay characterizes the regional expression of interleukin-lβ (IL-lβ) mRNA in specific brain regions following experimental lateral fluid-percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=42) are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and subjected to lateral fluid-percussion brain injury of moderate severity (2.4 atm.) centered over the left temporaparietal cortex (n=18), or "sham" treatment (anesthesia and surgery without injury). Animals are sacrificed at 1, 6 and 24 hr. post injury, brains removed, and tissue samples of left (injured) parietal cortex (LC), corresponding area in the contralateral right cortex (RC), cortex adjacent to injured parietal cortex (LA), corresponding adjacent area in the right cortex (RA), left hippocampus (LH) and right hippocampus (RH) are prepared. Total RNA is isolated and Northern blot hybridization was performed and the quantity of brain tissue IL-lβ mRNA is presented as percent relative radioactivity of IL-lβ positive macrophage RNA which was loaded on same gel. At 1 hr. following brain injury, a marked and significant increase in expression of IL-lβ mRNA is observed in LC (20.0±0.7% of positive control, n=6, p < 0.05 compared with sham animal), LH (24.5±0.9%, p < 0.05) and LA (21.5±3.1%, p < 0.05) in the injured hemisphere, which remained elevated up to 6 hr. post injury in the LC (4.0±0.4%, n=6, p < 0.05) and LH (5.0±1.3%, p < 0.05). In sham or naive animals, no expression of IL-lβ mRNA is observed in any of the respective brain areas. These results indicate that following TBI. the temporal expression of IL-lβ mRNA is regionally stimulated in specific brain regions. These regional changes in cytokines. such as IL-lβ play a role in the post-traumatic. All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as though fully set forth. The above description fully discloses the invention including preferred embodiments thereof. Modifications and improvements of the embodiments specifically disclosed herein are within the scope of the following claims. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the are can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. Therefore the Examples herein are to be construed as merely illustrative and not a limitation of the scope of the present invention in any way. The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows.

Claims: What is Claimed Is: A compound of the formula: wherein R is -NH-C(X)-NH-(CRi3Ri4) v -Z; Z is W, HET, (γ)n , optionally substituted C i-io alkyl, optionally substituted C2-10 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-10 alkynyl; X is O, or S; Ri is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, halosubstituted Q-io alkyl, Q-io alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, Q-io alkoxy, halosubstituted Q- 10 alkoxy, azide, (CRgRg)q S(O) t R4, hydroxy, hydroxy Q-4alkyl, aryl, aryl Ci-4 alkyl. aryloxy, aryl Q-4 alkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic Q_4alkyl, heteroaryl Q-4 alkyloxy, aryl C2-10 alkenyl, heteroaryl C2-10 alkenyl, heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl. (CRgRg)qNR4R5, C2-10 alkenyl C(O)NR4R5, (CRgR 8 )qC(O)NR4R 5 , (CRgRg)q C(O)NR 4 RlO, S(O)3R 8 , (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)Rι i , C2-10alkenyl C(O)Rι 1, C2-10 alkenyl C(O)ORι 1, (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)ORn, (CR 8 R 8 )qC(O)OR ι 2 , (CR 8 R 8 )qOC(O)Rn, (CR 8 R 8 )qNR4C(O)Rι 1 , (CR 8 Rg)qC(NR 4 )NR 4 R5, (CR 8 R 8 )q NR 4 C(NR5)R! h (CR 8 Rg)q NHS(O) 2 Rπ, or (CRgRg)q S(O) NR 4 R5, or two Rj moieties together may form O-(CH2)sO or a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring; and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic containing rings may be optionally substituted; n is an integer having a value of 1 to 3; m is an integer having a value of 1 to 5; p is an integer having a value of 1 to 3; q is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; s is an integer having a value of 1 to 3; t is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 4; HET is an optionally substituted heteroaryl ring; R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Q-4 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl Q-4alkyl. optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl Q-4alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C i-4 alkyl. or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which may optionally comprise an additional heteroatom selected from O/N/S; Y is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, halosubstituted Q-io alkyl, Q-io alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, Q-io alkoxy; halosubstituted Q-io alkoxy, azide. (CRgRg)q S(O)tR4, hydroxy, hydroxyQ-4alkyl, aryl. aryl Q-4 alkyl, aryloxy, arylQ-4 alkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryl Q-4 alkyloxy, heterocyclic, heterocyclic Q_4alkyl, aryl C2-10 alkenyl, heteroaryl C2-IO alkenyl, heterocyclic C2-10 alkenyl, (CRgRg)q NR4R5, C2-10 alkenyl C(O)NR4R5, (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)NR4R5, (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)NR4Rl0, S(O ) 3R8, (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)R 1 1. C2-1O alkenyl C(O)R 11 , C2- 10 alkenyl C(O)OR 1 1 , (CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)ORι 1, CR 8 R 8 )q C(O)ORi2, (CRgRg)q OC(O)Rι 1, (CR Rg)q NR4C(O)Rι 1, (CR 8 R 8 )qC(NR4)NR 4 R 5 ; (CR 8 R 8 )q NR 4 C(NR 5 )R 1 { , (CRgR 8 )qNHS(O)2R a , or (CRgRg)q S(O)2NR4R5, or two Y moieties together may form O-(CH2)s -O or a 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated ring; and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclic containing rings may be optionally substituted; R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen or a Q-4 alkyl group, or R6 and R7 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 member ring which ring may optionally contain an additional heteroatom which heteroatom is selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; Rg is independently hydrogen or Q-4 alkyl; RlO is C1-10 alkyl C(O)2R8; Rl 1 is hydrogen, Q-4 alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryl C ι_4alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylQ-4alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, or optionally substituted heterocyclicC 1 _4alkyl ; Rl2 is hydrogen, Q-io alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted arylalkyl; R 13 and R 14 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1.4 alkyl, or one of R13 and R14 may be an optionally substituted aryl; Rl5 and R\^ are independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted Q .4 alkyl; Rl7 is Q-4alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylQ-4alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclicC i-4alkyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing rings may all be optionally substituted; R a is NRgR , Cι_4alkyl, aryl C1.4 alkyl, arylC2-4 alkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl- C i-4 alkyl, heteroarylC2-4 alkenyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC 1.4 alkyl. wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing rings may all be optionally substituted; the E containing ring is optionally selected from the asterix * denoting point of attachment of the ring; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 2. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein Ri is halogen, cyano, nitro, CF3, C(O)NR4R5, alkenyl C(O)NR4R5, C(O)R4RlO, alkenyl C(O)ORi2, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryl alkenyl, or S(O)NR4R5. 3. The compound according to Claim 2 wherein R\ is halogen. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein X is O. 5. The compound according to any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein Z is W. 6. The compound according to Claim 5 wherein Y is halogen, Q-4 alkoxy. optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, methylene dioxy, NR4R5, thioQ-4alkyl, thioaryl, halosubstituted alkoxy, optionally substituted Q-4alkyl, or hydroxy alkyl. 7. The compound according to Claim 6 wherein Y is halogen. 8. The compound according to Claims 1 wherein v is 0. 9. The compound according to Claim 1 which is: /V-(2-bromophenyl)-//-(2H-naphth[1.8-cJ]isothiazol-3-yl)urea, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any of Claims 1 to 9. and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 1 1. A method of treating a chemokine mediated disease state, wherein the chemokine binds to an EL-8 α or β receptor in a mammal, which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound according to any of Claims 1 to 9. 12. The method according to Claim 1 1 wherein the mammal is afflicted with a chemokine mediated disease selected from psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejections, malaria, restinosis, angiogenesis or undesired hematopoietic stem cells release, rhinovirus infections, periodontal diseases, or bone resorption disease. 13. A process for producing a compound of Formula (I) as defined in Claim 1, which process comprises a) reacting a compound of the formula: 0 (ID with a compound of the formula: C(X)-N-(CR 13 Ri4) v -Z; wherein Rj, m, X, R13, R14, v and Z are as defined in Formula (I) to yield a compound of Formula (I); and thereafter if necessary, deprotecting, or converting a precursor of Ri or Z to a group R\ or Z. 14. A process for making a compound of the formula: 0= S- O (IT) wherein R\, and m are as defined in Formula (I), which process comprises reducing a compound of the formula: wherein A. Rj, and m are as defined in Formula (I), under suitable reducing conditions to yield a compound of Formula (El). 15. A compound of the formula: wherein R \ , and m are as defined in Formula (I). 16. A compound of the formula 0= S j l ° (ID wherein R\, and m are as defined in Formula (I). 17. A process for producing a compound of Formula (I), as defined in Claim which process comprises reacting a compound of the formula: O (IV) wherein Rj, and m are as defined for Formula (I); with a compound of the formula: NH 2 -C(X)-N-(CRi3Ri4) v -Z: wherein X, R13, R14, v and Z are as defined in Formula (I), to yield a compound of Formula (I), and thereafter if necessary, deprotecting, or converting a precursor of R 1 , or Z to a group R 1 , or Z.

Inventors: RUTLEDGE MELVIN C JR, WIDDOWSON KATHERINE L, RUTLEDGE, MELVIN, C., JR., WIDDOWSON, KATHERINE, L.
Applicants: RUTLEDGE MELVIN C JR, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORP, WIDDOWSON KATHERINE L, RUTLEDGE, MELVIN, C., JR., SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORPORATION, WIDDOWSON, KATHERINE, L.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P29, A61P43, C07D275, C07D333