Process for shaping food products

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of food products which comprises the steps of: providing a mould (1) defining a mould cavity, introducing a certain quantity of moulding material (3) in a fluid state into the cavity (1) introducing into the mould cavity (1) a plug (4) the outer surface of which defines with the surface of the said mould cavity a space to be filled by the moulding material (3). A plug of edible material such as wafer, for example, is used as the plug (4).

Description: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a moulded half shell and of a food product, according to the preambles of Claims 1 and 8. Such a process is known, for example, from WO-A-95/32633 and EP-A-0 589 820, which describe a process and a system whereby a cooling element with a temperature below 0°C is immersed in a molten material (such as chocolate) which was previously poured into a mould. The molten material thus solidifies, forming a shell and enabling the cooling element to be extracted from the mould, after serving as a moulding plug. Generally similar arrangements are also known from EP-A-0 914 774 and EP-A-0 914 775. The shape of the plug enables the chocolate to be evenly distributed inside the mould (forming a shell while still in a fluid state). At the same time, the fact that the plug is cooled enables the chocolate shell to solidify. In practice, cooling is not normally allowed to continue until the entire mass of the shell solidifies, but only until the portion of chocolate in contact with the plug is solid. The time required for this varies in dependence on the temperature of the plug: usually it takes 4-6 seconds. In other words, the plug is held inside the mould for the time it takes for the portion (or layer) of chocolate in contact with it to solidify, thus enabling it to be detached and extracted. This technique has various disadvantages, however. First, the structure of the plug is unavoidably somewhat complex, owing above all to the need to provide the cooling structures, which must be able to follow the movement of the plug. Secondly, the shape of the plug must complement the internal shape of the product being formed. As a result, the machine must be fitted with a different type of plug when production is changed to a different item. A further disadvantage is due to the fact that, before extracting the plug and, even more, before being able to do anything to the shell that has just been formed (filling it, for example, or coupling it to a similar shell or the like), it is necessary to wait until the edible material forming the shell is, at least partially, solid. This need to wait for a certain period of time before being able to extract the plug from the mould means that the efficiency of the process is intrinsically low. The aforesaid disadvantages are particularly significant should the technique be used to manufacture large numbers of items of small dimensions, small hollow chocolate eggs, possibly with a filling, for example. In this context, it should not be forgotten that the moulding material is usually chocolate or a material similar to chocolate, which needs to be cooled in accordance with definite and precise criteria and timing laws, so as to avoid, any anomalous crystallization, for example, which might result in ingredients separating and migrating to the surface. A further significant disadvantage relates to the possible formation of condensation on the surface of the plug. Since the plug is cooled to below 0°C, it causes ambient steam to condense onto its surface (forming dew). This problem further delays the removal of the plug and, above all, constitutes a possible, dangerous source of contamination of the product being manufactured: some of the water which accumulates on the plug is in fact deposited on the chocolate shell. For this reason, the structure of the plug is usually housed in a complementary housing maintained at an extremely low relative humidity, thereby further complicating the overall structure of the system in respect of both organization and cost. In any case, this measure does not guarantee that the problem will be eliminated. The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of food products which is able to overcome the aforesaid disadvantages. This object is achieved, according to the invention, by providing a process having the features claimed in the subsequent claims which follow. The process of the invention is based on the recognition of the fact that it is possible to use a (preferably rigid and hollow) body made of edible material consisting of wafer or meringue as the moulding plug and to leave it in the mould, as an integral part of the finished food product, once the molten material has solidified. This arrangement provides various advantages. First, the body of edible material which acts as the plug "locks" the melted material in the mould, ensuring the stability of the desired shape and avoiding the need to wait for the material to solidify, even partially. The product formed in the mould can be forwarded directly to the next stage in the process (filling and/or coupling with a similar shell) without any delay. As to coupling the shell with a similar one, it is possible to measure the quantity of molten material poured into the mould in such a way that the insertion of the edible plug causes a rim of melted material to form around the opening of the mould, which can be used for bonding to a similar rim around another shell. This would work when using conventional frontal coupling techniques used in the manufacture of a variety of food products, such as chocolate eggs, for example. It is of course clear that a lot of time is saved, thus improving productivity. In addition, it is possible to avoid having to cool the moulding material (chocolate, for example, with the characteristic difficulties involved in this process, as recalled earlier) only to have to heat at least a small portion once again so as to bond it to another shell. Another considerable advantage of the invention consists in the fact that in order to switch production to a differently shaped item, it is sufficient only to adopt plugs of edible material of the different, corresponding shape, without having to refit the machine, and in particular the assembly which moves the said plugs, which is preferably constituted by vacuum-grip members, which is able to work in the same way with edible plugs of different shapes. The invention will now be described, purely by way of non-limitative example, with reference to the appended drawings, which include five illustrations numbered 1 to 5, showing schematically the sequence of steps in the manufacturing process of the invention. As a preamble, it must be said that the appended drawings illustrate the manner of performing the process of the invention with reference to the finished product illustrated in Figure 5 and the operations carried out on the elements constituting it. The criteria involved in specific operations (such as for example pouring an edible mass or manipulating edible plugs, etc.) and the criteria for preparing and producing the individual elements illustrated should be taken as known, since they are commonly used in the food industry. As such, the aforesaid criteria are not illustrated in any detail here. In the appended drawings, the reference numbers 1 and 2 show two moulding cavities formed in respective moulds (or half-moulds, to be more precise), each having one or more cells (in the drawings, only one cell is shown of each mould). The cavities 1 and 2 are intended for the manufacture of half shells shaped like half eggs, suitable for joining together (by bringing the two half-moulds together so that the two cavities mate frontally) in order to produce items such as filled eggs, for example, with dimensions (axial length) ranging from 1.5 to 2 cm. The technology involved in the manufacture and handling of such moulds is well known, as demonstrated, for example, by the patent EP-A-0 083 324. It will be appreciated that views 1 to 5 constitute in fact "equatorial" sections of the said moulding cavities, that is sections from which it is not possible to appreciate the aforesaid ovoid shape, which is visible in a "meridian" plane. The reference to a moulding cavity of a semi-ovoid shape, for manufacturing an egg-shaped end product of a particular size, is obviously only by way of example. The cavity could be of any dimensions and, of course, of any shape: a hemisphere, a pyramid or a mixed shape, just to list a few alternatives, and there is no need for the two mould cavities to be complementary, or for the two corresponding half shells which are to be joined together to be identical, thereby forming a symmetrical product. The cavities 1 and 2 can be of different shapes and dimensions. In addition, the arrangement of the invention is suitable to be used for making shells which are not necessarily intended to be coupled with complementary shells. The shells could be intended to be used alone, possibly with the application of a closure element acting as a lid or plug. The sequence of Figures 1 and 2 illustrates the initial steps in the process of the invention. A moulding cavity 1 is provided, the shape of which matches the external configuration of the item to be manufactured, and therein a predetermined quantity is poured (by means, for example of a pouring machine Cl, which is not illustrated in detail but of a known type, see, for example, US-A-4 787 534) of a food product 3 suitable for use as a moulding material. Such a definition is intended to include any food substance able to be poured into a mould in a fluid state (either after having been heated or having a solvent incorporated) and then to solidify (either by cooling or by drying out, for example). We can refer, by way of example, to a quantity of chocolate poured into the cavity 1 in a molten state and able to solidify as a result of subsequent cooling. Instructions on determining the quantity of the material 3 to be poured into the cavity 1 and on the currently preferred method of pouring the material are to be found later in this description. The reference number 4 indicates a body of edible material intended to act as a moulding plug: introduced gradually into the moulding cavity 1 which is being filled with the moulding material 3, the element 4 causes the material 3 to move whereby (see in particular Figure 3), still in a fluid state, it spreads into the space or gap defined between the inner surface of the cavity 1 and the outer surface of the plug 4. This occurs in such a way as to form a preferably even layer which, once solid, will form a two-layer shell structure together with the plug 4: the outer layer being formed by the moulding material 3 and the inner layer by the plug 4. The criteria for selecting the material constituting the plug 4 and for choosing the shape thereof are extremely flexible. With regard to the material, this must be an edible material compatible with the moulding material 3, bearing in mind, in particular, the possibility of forming a stable bond. The material must also be rigid enough to be able to act as an effective plug. It might also be advantageous for the material to have good heat insulation characteristics, so as to prevent the moulding material from cooling too rapidly: this phenomenon could prove a handicap in the event of wanting the moulding material 3 to remain in a fluid, or at least malleable state during subsequent manufacturing steps (for example while connecting it to other elements). The preferred choice at the moment is a wafer material. As to the shape, on the other hand, it is generally advantageous, though not vital, for the outer surface of the plug 4 to be complementary with that of the inner surface of the moulding cavity 1 so that when the plug 4 is inserted into the moulding cavity, the space it forms (relative to the inner surface of the cavity), for occupation by the moulding material 3, is of a constant or substantially constant thickness. As stated, this is a preference but not an imperative; the aforesaid space could also be of varying thickness in different areas of the mould. The embodiment illustrated here makes reference to a hollow plug 4 constituted, for example, by a wafer cap of approximately the same thickness all over. This choice enables the plug 4 to be grasped and inserted into the mould 1 by a pick-up device D operating inside the plug 4. The pick-up device could be, for example, a vacuum-gripper D of a type commonly used to handle food products, especially wafer items: see here as a reference the patents US-4 832 180 or EP-A-O 768 254. In addition, the fact that the plug is hollow means that, once it has been released by the pick-up device D and left in the moulding cavity 1 holding the moulding material 3 in the space between its external surface and the inner surface of the cavity, the same plug 4 can be filled with a filling 5. This could be constituted, for example, by an edible liquid, cream-like or paste material injected, for example, by a known pouring machine, illustrated schematically and indicated C2. The filling could be constituted, for example, by a chocolate-flavoured cream, with the addition, for example, of whole or chopped dried fruit. However, in dependence, above all, on the ultimate objective (the desired organoleptic characteristics of the product, for example), the plug 4 could be shaped differently. For example, instead of being a hollow shell, or a cap, the plug 4 could be constituted by a solid body: it could be, for example, a half-egg shape (with a view to the generally ovoid shape referred to here by way of example), of meringue. The plug 4 could also be constituted by a non-homogeneous body, a wafer shell, for example, similar to those shown in the appended drawings, already filled with a cream-like or paste filling and possibly closed around the edge of its opening by a thin wafer layer of a different food material (chocolate, for example). Whatever the choice, the plug 4 is able to fulfil a dual function: to cause, on insertion into the moulding cavity 1, the moulding material 3 to be distributed over the surface of the said cavity 1, thereby forming a shell, and to "lock" the moulding material 3 in the shape thus formed, even if the said material is still in a fluid state, without any need either to cause or wait for the material to solidify, even partially. It will be appreciated that both the functions described above will still be accomplished - though slightly differently - when the plug 4 according to a possible embodiment of the invention is inserted into the moulding cavity 1 before the moulding material 3, the latter being introduced into the space between the plug 4 and the wall of the cavity e.g. through an injection duct (not shown) formed in the body of the mould. The quantity of moulding material 3 entered into the mould cavity 1 is of course determined in dependence on the volume that the moulding material 3 is required to occupy. This ensures that a sufficient quantity of the moulding material 3 is present in order to fill the entire cavity formed between the inner surface of the mould cavity 1 and the outer surface of the plug 4. The appended drawings, and Figures 3 and 4 in particular, refer to an arrangement, which is currently preferred, whereby the quantity of moulding material 3 is determined so as to be slightly more than would be strictly necessary to fill the said space. The excess moulding material 3 tends to overflow at the top through the annular gap between the mouth of the moulding cavity 1 and the plug 4, thus forming a rim 6 of moulding material in a fluid state. It will be appreciated that the said rim 6 has a particularly regular and uniform shape owing to the usually viscous character of the moulding material 3 (reference can be made again, by way of example, to molten chocolate), which goes together with a correspondingly high level of cohesion, and thus of surface tension. By means of simple experimental observation of the shape and dimensions'of the moulding cavity 1 and the plug 4, it is thus possible to identify the precise quantity of moulding material 3 required to produce a rim 6 which projects sufficiently from the edge of the shell formed in the cavity 1. Attention must be paid, of course, to preventing the moulding material of the rim 6 from dripping into the shell 4 acting as plug and/or onto the surface of the mould around the cavity in which the product is being formed. It will be appreciated, in this context, that the relative dimensions of the rim 6 are shown in Figure 4 as such due to the need for clarity. Under the aforesaid conditions, the assembly of parts illustrated in Figure 4 (including any filling 5 that is used) can be coupled with another, structurally identical assembly (though possibly made to a different recipe, for example for the moulding material 3) formed in the moulding cavity 2 in exactly the same way as described with reference to the cavity 1. As schematically illustrated in Figure 5, the end result is the formation of a food product comprising a two-layer shell (with, for example, an outer layer of chocolate - constituted by the solidified moulding material 3 - and an inner layer of wafer - which initially constituted the plug 4) containing within it a quantity of filling 5, the two parts of the product being held together by the two bonding rims 6 which have fused. It is clear that it is only at this stage that the outer layer of the product (formed by the moulding material 3) needs to solidify, in order to extract the finished product from the assembly of moulds 1 and 2. In particular, should cooling be necessary for solidification, as in the case of chocolate, it is only at this point that the product will need to be cooled, according to specific cooling laws of temperature evolution with time (by passing through a crystallization tunnel at 5°C for 30 minutes, for example), whereas moulding material 3 fills the space between the outer surface of the plug 4 and the inner surface of the cavity 1 with no substantial cooling action being required. The principles of the invention remaining the same, the embodiments and manufacturing details of the invention can vary widely from those described and illustrated here, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A process for the manufacture of a moulded half shell of an edible substance, comprising the steps of: providing a mould defining a mould cavity (1), introducing a certain quantity of an edible moulding material (3) in a fluid state into said cavity (1), said moulding material being susceptible of solidifying on cooling or on drying, introducing into said mould cavity (1) a plug (4), the outer surface of which defines within the surface of said cavity a space to be filled by said material (3), whereby the moulding material (3) is caused to be distributed in its fluid state throughout the space to form said half shell, characterised in that a plug of edible material having a low thermal conductivity consisting of wafer or meringue is used as the plug and in that said plug (4) of edible material is left in the moulding cavity as an integral part of the moulded half shell. A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that said plug (4) is able to bond with the moulding material (3). A process according to Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that said plug (4) is a hollow plug. A process according to Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that said plug (4) is solid. A process according to any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that filling of said space by said moulding material (3) takes place in the substantial absence of any cooling action. A process according to any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that said certain quantity of moulding material (3) is determined in such a way that, with the plug (4) inserted into the cavity (1), the moulding material (3) overflows above the mouth of the moulding cavity (1) to form a rim (6) of moulding material in a fluid state, able to bond with a similar rim. A process according to any of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the plug (4) is hollow and a quantity of filling (5) is introduced thereinto. A process for the manufacture of a food product, comprising the steps of: providing a mould defining a mould cavity (1), introducing a certain quantity of an edible moulding material (3) in a fluid state, into said cavity (1), said moulding material being susceptible of solidifying on cooling or on drying, introducing into said mould cavity (1) a plug (4), the outer surface of which defines within the surface of said cavity a space to be filled by said material (3), whereby the moulding material (3) is caused to be distributed in its fluid state throughout the space to form a half shell, characterised in that a plug of edible material having a low thermal conductivity consisting of wafer or meringue is used as the plug and in that said plug (4) of edible material is left in the moulding cavity as an integral part of the moulded half shell, and in that said moulded half shell is coupled to a similar shell in a mouth to mouth relationship to form said food product. A process according to Claim 8, characterised in that said certain quantity of moulding material (3) is determined in such a way that, with a plug (4) inserted into the cavity (1), the moulding material (3) overflows above the mouth of the moulding cavity (1) to form a rim (6) of moulding material in a fluid state, able to bond with a similar rim of said similar half shell.

Inventors: TRUSCELLO FRANCO, TRUSCELLO, FRANCO
Applicants: FERRERO OHG, FERRERO SPA, SOREMARTEC SA, FERRERO OFFENE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT M.B.H., FERRERO S.P.A., SOREMARTEC S.A.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: A23G3
IPC codes: A23G1, A23G7, A23G3, A23G9, A23P1, A21D13