ADAPTER RECEIVABLE WITHIN A CASSETTE PLAYER

Abstract: An adapter (301) is receivable within a cassette player (304) mounted within a vehicle. The cassette player is configured to transmit audio signals to loudspeakers mounted within the vehicle. The adapter includes an amplifier, a first detection arrangement and a second detection arrangement. The first detection arrangement is configured to detect that the adapter has been placed within a cassette player and to thereby energise the second detecting arrangement. The second detecting arrangement is configured to interact with a cassette drive mechanism so as to present a mechanical interaction similar to that presented by an actual cassette and to energise the amplifier. In this way, power consumption is reduced substantially and the adapter is not rejected by sophisticated cassette mechanisms.

Description: Adapter Receivable Within a Cassette Player Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adapter receivable within a cassette player mounted within a motor vehicle, wherein the cassette player is configured to transmit audio signals to loudspeakers. Introduction to the Invention An adapter receivable within a cassette player mounted within a motor vehicle is described in United Kingdom Patent number 2 280 332 B. The cassette player is arranged to transmit audio signals to loudspeakers mounted within the vehicle and comprises a cassette shell arranged to support operational components. The operational components include an amplifier arranged to receive an input signal from a microphone and to convey an output signal to pick-up means, in the form of a magnetic head, forming part of the cassette player. In this way, the adapter is arranged to convey vocalisations from occupants within the vehicle to loudspeakers mounted within the vehicle. In particular, the adapter facilitates vocalisations from front seat occupants being amplified and conveyed to rear loudspeakers within the vehicle such that vocalisations made by said front seat occupants become audible to rear seat occupants. A problem with the adapter described in the aforesaid British patent is that power required for driving said amplifier is derived from batteries contained within the shell itself. These batteries will tend to discharge at all times including times when the adapter is not actually required and is not in use. Consequently, users are required to change batteries on a frequent basis which may lead to the adapter being unavailable for use when required and, ultimately, may lead to the adapter being discarded, with its facilities being perceived as having relatively little value. This in turn could reduce the perceived value of the adapter in the market place and consequently lead to a loss of sales. A further problem with known adapters receivable within cassette players is that modern cassette players tend to include mechanisms configured to detect that a cassette has been inserted correctly and that tape is passing between the spools. Furthermore, if such a condition is not detected, the arrangement may automatically cease functioning. While helpful in terms of mitigating damage caused by broken tapes etc, known adapters will fail to operate in such cassette player mechanisms because they do not emulate the existence of a normal tape cassette. Summary of the Invention According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an adapter receivable within a cassette player mounted within a motor vehicle, wherein said cassette player is configured to transmit audio signals to loudspeakers, mounted within the vehicle, comprising amplifying means; first detection means and second detection means; wherein said first detection means is configured to detect that an adapter has been placed within a cassette player and to energise said second detecting means; and said second detection means is configured to interact with a cassette drive mechanism so as to present a mechanical interaction similar to that presented by an actual cassette and to energise said amplifying means. An advantage of the present invention is that the second detection means ensures that the cassette drive mechanism functions while at the same time energising the amplifying means. Thus, power is not supplied to the amplifying means unnecessarily when the cassette drive mechanism is non-operational. This is particularly advantageous in that power loss is reduced when the motor vehicle is not operational. However, this second detection means requires a degree of power in itself, therefore a first detection means is provided to detect that the adapter has been placed within a cassette player and only to energise the second detecting means on detecting such a condition. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows a plan view of a motor vehicle ; Figure 2 details the dashboard of the motor vehicle shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 shows an adapter receivable within a cassette player included within the dashboard shown in Figure 2; Figure 4 shows a cross section of the adapter identified in Figure 3; Figure 5 details a circuit included within the adapter shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of the functionality of the system; Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment having a larger battery compartment; Figure 8 shows a second alternative embodiment with smaller batteries held within the cassette shell itself; and Figure 9 details the positioning of batteries in the cassette shell identified in Figure 8. Detailed Description of The Preferred Embodiments The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the previously identified drawings. A plan view of a motor vehicle in the form of a standard saloon automobile 101 is shown in Figure 1. The vehicle includes a seat 102 for a driver, a seat 103 for a front seat passenger and seats 104 for rear seat passengers. The driver, along with a front seat passenger and rear seat passengers often engage in conversation while travelling. Given that all of the vehicle occupants are front facing, the driver and the front seat passenger easily hear vocalisations made by the rear seat passengers. However, it is not so easy for rear seat passengers to hear the vocalisations of front seat passengers; a situation made worse if noise is being generated by the vehicle itself. Furthermore, problems of this type may be made worse if a rear seat passenger is hard of hearing. Furthermore, particularly with high speed motorway/autobahn/freeway driving, it is important for the driver not to lose sight of the road conditions therefore the driver should be discouraged from turning around to facilitate communication with rear seat passengers. This could also create a problem if children are being conveyed in the rear seats. Like many vehicles of this type, the automobile is equipped with an audio system, mounted centrally at position 105. The audio system supplies audio, usually in the form of music, to front loudspeakers 106 and to rear loudspeakers 107. Audio system 105 includes a radio and a cassette player, configured to receive conventional audio cassettes. In addition, the audio system may include provision for playing compact discs or other audio conveying media. However, it is the provision of a cassette player that is important, given that it is possible for the magnetic heads within the player to interface with other equipment and thereby allow other audio signals to be transferred to the loudspeakers. Thus, it is known for interfaces to be provided to allow an external compact disc player to be interfaced in this way. The adapter described in the aforesaid British patent includes a microphone arranged to receive vocalisations from front seat occupants. In addition, an amplifier is included and this is arranged to amplify vocalisations so as to provide appropriate signals, via an interface, to the heads of the cassette player. The audio equipment is configured such that vocalisations made by front seat occupants are amplified and relayed to the rear loudspeakers 107. Thus, in this way, rear seat occupants can clearly hear vocalisations made by front seat occupants, without requiring additional effort on the part of the front seat occupants, thereby enhancing the ability for conversations to take place within the vehicle without requiring additional effort on the part of the front seat occupants. A dashboard of a motor vehicle is illustrated in Figure 2. The vehicle has conventional controls such as a steering wheel 201 and a gear lever 202, along with less essential equipment, such as a clock 203, ventilation system 204 and an audio system 205. The audio system 205 includes an audio cassette player 207 configured to receive a cassette within a cassette receiving slot 208. Upon receiving a cassette within slot 208, the cassette player 207 immediately starts playing the cassette and will continue to do so until a cassette eject button is operated. In this way, a driver or front seat passenger may listen to audio output from cassettes with minimal interaction with the cassette player; primarily in view of safety considerations. Thus, in this respect, a volume control for the audio equipment 205 may be mounted close to steering wheel 201 , allowing a driver to make modifications to the volume level without removing a hand from said steering wheel. An adapter 301 embodying the present invention is shown in Figure 3. The adapter includes an outer shell, a portion of which 302 has a profile substantially similar to that provided by a conventional audio cassette. In addition, a transmission coil 303 is provided at a position where magnetic tape would normally be made accessible, so as to interface with tape heads of a cassette player, such as player 304 shown in Figure 3. Adapter 301 includes an extended portion 305 which extends from the conventional cassette shell 302 and protrudes out from a cassette player 304 when in operation. The extended portion 305 provides a housing for two 1.5 volt batteries in addition to a microphone 306. The microphone receives vocalisations from the front seat occupants and audio signals generated by the microphone are amplified by an amplifier contained within shell 302. Amplified signals are then conveyed to the output coil 303 for further amplification by the cassette player 304. Thus, there is provided an adapter receivable within a cassette player mounted within a motor vehicle. The cassette player is configured to transmit audio signals to loudspeakers and the adapter takes a form of a cassette shell arranged to support operational components including an interface to the cassette player and an amplifier. A microphone is connected to the amplifier such that vocalisations received from vehicle occupants, primarily the front seat occupants are supplied to the amplifier which in turn relays these signals to the loudspeaker via the cassette player. The amplifier contained within the adapter is powered by disposable batteries and the adapter is designed so as to minimise power loss from these batteries. Thus, the operational components include a detector configured to detect a condition to the effect that an adapter has been received within a cassette player. Thereafter, when this condition has been detected, the amplifier within the adapter is activated, thereby placing it in an operable condition. The portion 302 of the adapter 301 having a profile substantially similar to that provided by a conventional audio cassette is shown in cross- section in Figure 4. Transmission coil 303 receives output signals from amplifying circuit 401 , which in turn receives an input from microphone 306 via input leads 402. Output coil 303 is mounted within a spring-loaded coil housing 403 such that said housing is configured to slide in the directions of arrow 404 such that the coil may be held within the cassette shell by a greater or lesser extent. An outward bias is placed on the coil housing by means of a coil housing spring 405. Thus, after the cassette shell has been inserted within a tape player, the coil housing slides inwards when it came into contact with the tape heads, whereafter pressure is applied, by means of housing spring 405, so as to force coil 303 into close proximity with the play-back heads of the tape player. This ensures that a good magnetic linkage is maintained between output coil 303 and co-operating coils within the tape heads of the tape player 304. The adapter 301 is shown in a condition as it would be found when in operation, ie when co-operating with a cassette player although much of the mechanics of the cassette player is not shown in the Figure. When co- operating with a tape player, a capstan 406 enters within a capstan hole 407. In its normal mode of operation, that is to say, when playing cassette tapes the capstan 406 drives the magnetic tape at constant speed by said tape being secured between said capstan and the co-operating pinch wheel. In the adapter shown in Figure 4, there is no magnetic tape and the functionality provided by the capstan is effectively redundant. However, a problem occurs in that many tape players are designed to detect conditions relating to the movement of tape and thereafter take appropriate action. The tape is usually held on sprocket wheels and is wound from one sprocket wheel to the other, usually in both directions to provide two-side audio-play. In the adapter, a first spool 408 is included, along with a second sprocket wheel 409. These sprocket wheels engage with an intermediate sprocket wheel 410 and the sprocket wheel assembly 408 to 410 is driven by a grip wheel 411. In a conventional cassette, tape is taken from one sprocket wheel and wound upon a second sprocket wheel, resulting in both sprocket wheels rotating in the same direction. Conventionally, the second sprocket wheel is driven by a slip mechanism in an anti-clockwise direction so as to take up tape slack received from capstan 406. The first sprocket wheel is also rotated in an anti-clockwise direction as tape is removed from it however a slip-drive mechanism attempts to drive the first sprocket wheel in a clockwise direction so as to maintain the tape in a taught condition as it is being driven by the capstan. Consequently, if the tape should break, wheel 408 would be allowed to rotate in a clockwise direction, resulting in the sprocket wheels rotating in opposite directions. Thus, a condition to the effect that the wheels are rotating in opposite directions may be used to detect a tape breakage condition from which appropriate action, usually the switching off of the mechanism, may be taken. Thus, in order for this situation to arise, the wheels are configured so that the first sprocket wheel 408 and the second sprocket wheel 409 are driven in anti-clockwise direction. It is appreciated that the adapter needs to be operable with many types of tape player. It is therefore known that some tape players detect the speed of rotation of the sprocket wheels so as to identify fault conditions. Thus, it is possible that a slow speed would indicate the presence of a jam while a high speed would indicate a tape breakage condition. Thus, in order to avoid these mechanisms taking effect, the adapter is configured so as to maintain relatively normal operational rotational speeds of the sprocket wheels 408 and 409. Grip wheel 411 includes a gripping circumference 412 grippable against capstan 406. The grip wheel is translatable in the direction of arrow 413 and is pushed in these directions by means of a main lever 414. A spring 415 applies a bias to main lever 414, thereby pushing said lever towards the bottom-left. When the adapter is not retained within a cassette player, coil housing spring 405 forces coil housing 403 outwards and cooperating portion 416 of the coil housing forces main lever 414 towards the top-right, it being noted that the force exerted by spring 405 is greater than that exerted by spring 415. However, when the adapter is inserted within a cassette player, coil housing 403 is pushed into the shell, thereby allowing main lever 414 to move towards the bottom-left until the gripping circumference 412 contacts against the capstan 406. Thus, in its operational condition, grip wheel 411 is driven by capstan 406. Grip wheel 411 has a coaxial gear wheel 417 and this engages with the second sprocket wheel 409. Thus, movement of capstan 406 results in clockwise rotation of grip wheel 411 which in turn results in anti-clockwise rotation of second sprocket wheel 409 and anti-clockwise rotation of first sprocket wheel 408, via the intermediate sprocket wheel 410. The rotational speed of grip wheel 411 is such as to maintain a rotational speed of the first and second sprocket wheels 408, 409 at 0.61 revolutions per second. A magnet 421 is mounted on the intermediate sprocket wheel 410 and this magnet passes underneath a read switch 422, resulting in the read switch being pulsed on and off as the magnet passes underneath said switch. Thus, the constant rotation of intermediate sprocket wheel 410 results in the generation of pulses, by the means of read switch 422, having a substantially constant frequency. Amplifying circuit 401 is detailed in Figure 5. Electrical power is received on power input lines 501 , from batteries contained within extended portion 305. Leads 502 are connected to glass encapsulated read switch 422 which receives the three volt input supply. When switch 422 is closed, by being in proximity to magnet 421 , capacitor 503 (eighteen micro-farads) is charged via diode 504 and capacitor 505, (one micro-farad). Capacitor 503 continues to charge until transistor 506 becomes conductive, resulting in the supply of a constant voltage to the base terminal of transistor 507, thereby causing transistor 507 to become conductive. The collector terminal of transistor 507 is connected to the negative supply rail (effectively ground) such that when transistor 507 saturates, the ground end of the main circuit is connected to the negative supply rail of the power supply thereby placing supply rail 508 in an operational condition. Input leads 402 from microphone 306 are supplied to a high gain inverting amplifier. The output from the microphone is supplied to the inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier 511 (LM 324) via a coupling capacitor 512 in series with an input resister 513. The operational amplifier 511 receives bias at its non-inverting input by means of a voltage divider formed by resistor 514 (10 K) in series with resistor 515 (10 K). Thus, the operational amplifier 511 receives half the potential of the power supply at its non-inverting input. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 511 is de-coupled by means of de-coupling capacitor 516 (4.7 micro-farads) and a degree of negative feedback is provided by resistor 517 (1 K). This provides an overall voltage gain of approximately forty dB and the output from this amplification stage is supplied via coupling capacitor 517 (2.7 micro-farads) to a differential amplification stage. A noise cancellation pre-amplifier is provided by components 531 to 537, being substantially equivalent to components 511 to 517 described above and arranged in the same topology. The noise cancellation preamplifier includes a circuit-mounted microphone, illustrated by capacitor 541. The purpose of this microphone is to detect mechanical noise generated within the adapter and the surrounding cassette player mechanism. This noise is amplified and then subtracted from the main signal derived from microphone 306 so as to provide a noise cancellation effect. Thus, this is achieved by means of the differential amplifier which is configured to amplify the difference between the required signal, detected by microphone 306 and unwanted signals in the form of mechanical noise detected by the noise cancellation microphone. Thus, the signal generated by the noise cancellation microphone is applied to the inverting input of the differential amplifier such that noise is then cancelled from the main audio signal derived from microphone 306, thereby improving overall system performance. Operational amplifier 551 (LM 324) is configured as a differential amplifier with resistors 552 (22 K), 553 (22 K), 554 (22 K) and 555 (22 K) providing an input bias. Resistor 556 (100 K) provides negative feedback and the output from operational amplifier 551 is supplied to the non- inverting input of an output driver (configured round a further LM 324 operational amplifier) 557 via a coupling capacitor 558 (2 micro-farads) and an input resistor 559 (10 K). Operational amplifier 557 is configured as a high to low impedance buffer with unity gain. Bias is provided by resistors 561 (22 K) and 562 (22 K) and the output from this stage is used to drive the output coil 303 via capacitor 563 (47 micro-farads). When the adapter is in use, such that it has been inserted within a cassette player, output coil 303 and the tape playback head of the cassette player are mechanically and magnetically coupled and thereby effectively create a transformer. Thus, alternating current flowing through the output coil 303 results in the induction of current in the coils of the tape head thereby transferring the audio signal to the cassette deck. The circuitry shown in Figure 5 ensures that amplification is provided when this is required in order for the adapter to function. However, if the adapter is removed from the cassette player, the read switch ceases to be pulsed, resulting in transistor 506 and transistor 507 becoming non- conductive. Similarly, if power is removed from the cassette player itself, by the device being switched off or by the ignition of the motor vehicle being switched off, the capstan drive wheel of the cassette player ceases to rotate resulting in no rotational movement being incurred within the adapter itself. Consequently, again, the read switch ceases to be pulsed and the amplifying components within the circuit cease to receive power. A schematic representation of the overall system, that is to say the adapter in co-operation with a cassette player, is illustrated in Figure 6. A car mounted cassette player includes a magnetic pick-up head 601 which supplies audio signals to an amplifier 602 which in turn drives a loudspeaker within the vehicle 603. A cassette drive mechanism 604 receives mechanical power from an electric motor 605 and electric motor 605 and amplifier 602 receive power from the vehicle's main battery supply 606 via a switch 607. Thus, when switch 607 is placed in its closed condition, motor 605 drives the cassette mechanism and power is directed to audio amplifier 602. Movement of the cassette mechanism 604 is detected by magnetic coupling 621 and upon this being detected, adapter power supply 622 is activated. When activated in this way, power supply 602 supplies power to input preamplifiers 623 and 624, differential amplifier 625 and output driver 626. Main microphone 627 receives vocalisations from front seat occupants, in addition to mechanical noise generated by the adapter and the cassette drive mechanism. Internal microphone 628 is shielded from the external vocalisations but is sensitive to the undesired noise generated by the mechanical mechanisms. These signals are amplified by their respective preamplifier 623 and 624, whereafter differential amplifier 625 subtracts the unwanted noise signal from the main input signal. This differential signal is then amplified by output driver 626 resulting in an output current being supplied to output coil 629. Thus, input coil 601 receives an input which is then amplified by amplifier 602 and supplied to speakers 603. If the cassette mechanism is switched off, by switch 607 being placed in an open condition, drive motor 605 ceases to operate and the mechanical movement ceases to be detected by detector 621 , resulting in the deactivation of power supply 622. In this way, power supply 622 is conserved and the operational life of batteries within the adapter is significantly increased. An alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 7 in the form of an adapter 701 having a cassette shell portion 702 substantially similar to the cassette shell portion 302 shown in Figure 3. However, an extended portion 703 is made significantly larger, thereby allowing batteries of substantially higher capacity to be retained therein. A microphone 704 is shown attached to the battery housing 703 but in an alternative embodiment, microphone 704 may be removed and possibly attached to a driver's lapel for example, with leads extending from the battery 704 back to the adapter. A second alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 8 in which an extended portion 805 is similar to extended portion 305 of Figure 3. However, the bulk of extend portion 805 is significantly reduced compared to extended portion 305, given that it is not required to store batteries. In this embodiment, given the power saving contributions made by the first detection and the second detection means, power is provided by two miniature button-type batteries contained within a main cassette adapter shell 806. Extended portion 805 has a first microphone 807 and a symmetrically displaced similar microphone (not shown in the Figure) 808. In addition, the extended portion 805 supports a standard jack socket 809 for receiving an external microphone connection. The main cassette housing 806 is shown in Figure 9, having its top removed therefrom. In addition to the detection mechanisms that are substantially similar to those shown and disclosed with respect to Figure 4, the cassette shell also retains miniature lithium ion batteries 901 , 902. These batteries provide sufficient longevity given that power is only consumed when the adapter has been received within a cassette playing mechanism. Furthermore, power consumption is significantly reduced at times when the cassette mechanism is not operations, either because the motor vehicle is not running (its ignition being switched off) under conditions where the cassette player itself has been switched off.

Claims: Claims 1. An adapter (301) receivable within a cassette player (304) mounted within a motor vehicle, wherein said cassette player is configured to transmit audio signals to loudspeakers mounted within the vehicle, comprising amplifying means (401); first detection means (403) and second detection means, wherein said first detection means is configured to detect that the adapter has been placed within a cassette player and to energise said second detecting means; and said second detection means is configured to interact with a cassette drive mechanism so as to present a mechanical interaction (410) similar to that presented by an actual cassette and to energise said amplifying means. 2. An adapter according to claim 1, including a microphone arranged to receive vocalisations from vehicle occupants and to supply audio signals to said amplifying means. 3. An adapter according to claim 2, wherein said microphone is mounted directly to an adapter housing. 4. An adapter according to claim 3, wherein two microphones are mounted to said housing and are positioned on opposite sides of said housing. 5. An adapter according to claim 1 , wherein said second detection means includes a switch magnetically coupled to a moving part. 6. An adapter according to claim 5, wherein repeated activation of said switch causes current to flow via a capacitance such that operational circuitry ceases to operate if said capacitive current ceases to flow. 7. An adapter according to claim 6, wherein said current flow activates a transistor which in turn provides power to amplification circuitry. 8. An adapter according to claim 1 , including a socket for receiving an external microphone. 9. An adapter according to claim 8, wherein said external microphone forms part of a mobile telephony system. 10. An adapter according to claim 1, including means for securing an internal power source. 11. An adapter according to claim 1 , wherein said second detection means presents a mechanical interaction to the cassette mechanism similar to that presented by an actual cassette, thereby simulating the presence of a moving tape so as to ensure that said cassette player does not cease to operate. 12. An adapter according to claim 11, including sprocket wheels, wherein said second detection means is configured to ensure that said sprocket wheels rotate in a direction consistent with moving tape. 13. An adapter according to claim 12, wherein said second detection means is configured to allow rotation of said sprocket wheels at substantially constant speed. 14. An adapter according to claim 13, wherein said speed is substantially similar to that achieved in a standard magnetic tape cassette during tape playback. 15. An adapter according to claim 1 , wherein said first detection means includes a mechanical biasing means configured to force an output coil into physical contact with playback heads of the cassette player. 16. An adapter according to claim 15, wherein said first detection means includes spring-loaded means configured to contact with a drive capstan of the cassette player. 17. An adapter according to claim 16, wherein said spring-loaded means includes a driven wheel arranged to drive sprocket wheels. 18. An adapter according to claim 17, wherein an intermediate drive wheel is mounted between said sprocket wheels and includes magnetic detection means mounted thereon for said second detection means. 19. An adapter according to claim 18, wherein said magnetic detection means is configured to co-operate with a switch, so as to activate said switch in a repeated fashion during mechanical motion.

Inventors: TOOLEY GILES WILLIAM, TOOLEY JONATHAN HARRY, TOOLEY, GILES, WILLIAM, TOOLEY, JONATHAN, HARRY
Applicants: TOOLEY GILES WILLIAM, TOOLEY JONATHAN HARRY, TRISECT LIMITED, TOOLEY, GILES, WILLIAM, TOOLEY, JONATHAN, HARRY
Application year: 1999
Main classification: G11B23
IPC codes: G11B23