IONIC POLYURETHANES

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of charged polyurethanes comprising reacting isocyanate groups of a polyisocyanate with hydroxyl groups of alcohols comprising (i) a first alcohol selected from one or more diols containing at least 10 carbons atoms; (ii) a second alcohol selected from alkylene diols having not more than 8 carbon atoms, alkyleneoxy diols having not more than 8 carbon atoms, polyols, and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third alcohol selected from (a) diols containing a charged group or atom, (b) diols containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting the uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, (c) polyols and further reaction of one or more hydroxyl group derived from the polyol with a compound containing a charged group or atom or a compound containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting said uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, and mixtures thereof. The invention further relates to charged polyurethane obtainable by the process, an aqueous dispersion thereof and the use thereof in a method of surface-treating a material in sheet or web form by applying the charged polyurethane to the surface of the material.

Description: IONIC POLYURETHANES Field of the Invention This invention relates to charged poiyurethanes, aqueous dispersions of charged poiyurethanes, a process for their preparation and their use as additives in the manufacture of paper. Background of the Invention It is known in the art to use charged poiyurethanes as external and internal sizing agents in the manufacture of paper. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,764 discloses sizing agents based on cationic poiyurethanes prepared by (i) reacting an aliphatic diol having an aliphatic substituent with at least 10 carbon atoms with a polyisocyanate to form a pre- polymer with terminal isocyanate groups which is subsequently reacted with (ii) a diol containing a tertiary nitrogen atom which is subsequently converted into the corresponding ammonium compound, or (Hi) a diol containing a nitrogen atom previously converted into the corresponding ammonium compound. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,096,127 discloses sizing agents based on anionic poiyurethanes prepared by step (i) above followed by reacting the obtained prepoiymer with (iv) an aliphatic diol containing an acid group capable of salt formation and at least partially converting the acid group into a salt by reaction with a base, or (v) an aliphatic diol which carries a salt group. U.S. Pat. No. 4,777,224, also discloses sizing agents based on anionic poiyurethanes prepared by steps (i), (iv) and (v) above and with the additional use of a polyether compound with at least one OH group. Poiyurethanes of these types generally result in good sizing response using low dosages of sizing agent. However, there is still a need for sizing agents based on charged poiyurethanes with improved sizing, stability and application properties. It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide charged poiyurethanes and aqueous dispersions thereof with improved sizing, stability and application properties. Further objects will appear hereinafter. The objects of the invention are achieved by a process for the production of charged poiyurethanes, charged poiyurethanes obtainable by the process, aqueous dispersions of charged poiyurethanes and the use thereof, as further defined in the claims. Summary of the Invention The present invention- relates to a process for the production of charged poiyurethanes which comprises reacting a polyisocyanate with alcohols comprising (i) a first alcohol selected from one or more diols containing at least 10 carbon atoms; (ii) a second alcohol selected from alkylene diols and alkyleneoxy diols containing not more than 8 carbon atoms, polyols, and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third alcohol selected from (a) diols containing a charged group or atom, (b) diols containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting the uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, (c) polyols and further reaction with a compound containing a charged group or atom or a compound containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting the uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, and mixtures thereof. Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a process for the production of charged poiyurethanes and charged poiyurethanes obtainable by the process. The process comprises reacting isocyanate groups of a polyisocyanate with hydroxyl groups of di- and/or polyhydric alcohols comprising (i) a first alcohol selected from one or more diols containing at least 10 carbon atoms; (ii) a second alcohol selected from alkylene diols containing not more than 8 carbon atoms, alkyleneoxy diols containing not more than 8 carbon atoms, polyols, and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third alcohol selected from (a) diols containing a charged group or atom, (b) diols containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting the uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, (c) polyols and further reaction of one or more hydroxyl groups of the polyol with a compound containing a charged group or atom or a compound containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting the uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, and mixtures thereof. Charged poiyurethanes encompassed by this invention comprises poiyurethanes containing anionic and/or cationic groups, thereby forming anionic, amphoteric and cationic poiyurethanes. According to the present invention there is provided anionic, amphoteric and cationic poiyurethanes with outstanding properties. Aqueous dispersions of the present charged poiyurethanes provide improved sizing which means that lower levels of sizing agent can be used to give a corresponding sizing effect, thereby leading to cost reduction and economic benefits. Further characteristics observed with the dispersions of charged poiyurethanes of this invention include less foaming, very good or improved stability, compatibility, glueability, sizing response and coating performance over a broad pH range and when used in surface sizing, precoating and coating applications in combination with conventionally used components, e.g. electrolytes, starch and derivatives thereof, pigments, other synthetic polymers, etc., as well as improved toner adhesion and ink jet properties. The process of this invention can be carried out in several ways. It is possible to react the polyisocyanate with the first, second and third alcohols simultaneously, i.e. in a so-called one-shot process. For instance, this mode of operation can be employed whe using as the third alcohol (b) a diol containing an uncharged group or atom capable o charge formation, where charge formation suitably takes place when the polyurethan has been formed. However, it is generally preferred to carry out the process as a two-ste or three-step process, for example by introducing the alcohols one after another into th process for reaction. The terms "one-shot process", "two-step process" and "three-ste process", as used herein, refers to processes where the alcohols are introduced into th reaction medium for reaction essentially simultaneously, in two steps and in three steps respectively. Running the process in at least two steps makes it possible to react th polyisocyanate with the alcohol(s) initially introduced into the reaction medium so as to for a preliminary adduct or prepolymer with isocyanate group(s), usually in a terminal position and chain-lengthening the preliminary adduct by reaction with the alcohol(s) subsequentl introduced into the reaction medium, the latter alcohol(s) functioning as a chain-extender or chain-lengthening agent, or branching agent. Preferably the first and second alcohols ar introduced into the process for reaction before introducing the third alcohol into the process The first alcohol can be introduced into the process before, simultaneously with or after th second alcohol. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyurethane is prepare by reacting the polyisocyanate with the first alcohol to form a preliminary adduct havin terminal isocyanate groups; chain-lengthening the preliminary adduct by reaction with th third alcohol, and optionally convertion of any uncharged groups or atoms as define above, so as to render the polyurethane charged, wherein the second alcohol in th course of the process is introduced for reaction, for example as defined above Generally, when using a third alcohol of the type (b) or (c), which requires one or mor additional reaction steps in order to introduce a charged group or atom, it is generall preferred to prepare the polyurethane by first reacting the isocyanate groups of th polyisocyanate with the hydroxyl groups of the first, second and third alcohol, and the conducting any additional step(s), e.g. reacting the product obtained with a compoun containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and converting a uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom. However, such additional step( may also be carried out earlier in the process, for example before introducing the la alcohol into the process. In the process of this invention, the alcohol termed "first alcohol" is a diol, or dihy ric alcohol, containing at least 10 carbon atoms. The first alcohol can be selected from al phatic and aromatic diols, preferably aliphatic diols. The term "aliphatic", as used herei refers to an essentially hydrocarbon structure apart from designated functional group which hydrocarbon structure may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, e.g. oxyge and nitrogen, and/or one or more groups containing heteroatoms, e.g. carbonyl and acylox groups. The term "aromatic", as used herein, refers to an aromatic, essentially hydrocarbo structure apart from designated functional groups, which hydrocarbon structure may b interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, e.g. oxygen and nitrogen, and/or one or mor groups containing heteroatoms, e.g. carbonyl and acyloxy groups. Suitable first alcohol include high molecular weight polymeric diols, e.g. polyester, polyether and polybutadien diols, and non-polymeric diols, preferably non-polymeric diols. Preferred first alcohol include aliphatic diols having an aliphatic side-chain substituent. Aliphatic diols carrying a aliphatic substituent may contain from 2 to 20 and suitably from 2 to 10 carbon atoms in th chain connecting the two hydroxyl groups, i.e. in the main chain, and preferred aliphati main chains include alkylenes and dialkyleneamines. The aliphatic substituent may contai from 1 to 30, suitably at least 10 and preferably from 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferred fir alcohols are thus selected from aliphatic diols having an aliphatic substituent with at lea 10 carbon atoms. When the main chain contains a heteroatom which is nitrogen, it i preferred that the nitrogen carries the aliphatic substituent. Examples of suitable fir alcohols include fatty acid monoesters of triols such as glycerol, trimethyiolethane and tr methylolpropane, e.g. monostearates, monobehenates, monopalmitates and monooleate of glycerol and trimethylolpropane; oligomeric esterdiols such as diester diols, e.g. thos obtained by reacting a dicarboxylic acid, e g. adipic acid, with a molar excess of a diol, e. ethylene glycols; N-alkyl-diethanolamines, e.g. N-stearyl-diethanolamine; branched chai dihydroxy alkylenes, e.g. 1,2- and 1 ,4-dihydroxyoctadecanes; and N,N-bis(hydroxyalkyl alkylamides, e.g. N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)stearylamide. Glycerol monostearate i particularly preferred. Examples of aromatic diols that can be used include bisphenol Mixtures comprising two or more first alcohols can also be used. In the process of this invention, the alcohol termed "second alcohol" can be a lo molecular weight diol, or dihydric alcohol, having not more than 8 carbons. The diol can b selected from alkylene diols, e.g. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1 ,4-butanediol an 1 ,6-hexanediol; alkyleneoxy diols, e.g. diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylen glycol and dipropylene glycol; and mixtures thereof. Preferred diols include ethyle glycol and diethylene glycol. The diols suitably contain from 2 to 6 carbon atoms a preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Alternatively, or additionally, the alcohol term "second alcohol" can be a polyol, or polyhydric alcohol, i.e. an alcohol with at least thr hydroxyl groups. Preferably the polyol is aliphatic. Usually the polyol contains from 3 10 carbon atoms, notably not more than 8 carbons. Suitable polyols include glycer diglycerol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, and pentaerythritol. Preferred polyo include glycerol, trimethylol propane and pentaerythritol. Among the polyols, it is general preferred to use triols and tetraols, preferably triols. The second alcohol should suitably be free from charged groups and atoms and also free from groups and atoms capable of charge formation. In the process of this invention, the alcohol termed "third alcohol" is a diol, or dihydric alcohol, which is charged or capable of charge formation, or a polyol, or polyhydric alcohol, capable of further reaction and, optionally, subsequent charge formation. Mixtures of third alcohols can also be used. Preferably the third alcohol is an aliphatic compound. It is further generally preferred that the third alcohol is a diol. In a prefered embodiment of the invention, the process leads to the formation of a polyurethane which is anionic in nature. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the process leads to the formation of a polyurethane which is cationic in nature. In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the process leads to the formation of an amphoteric polyurethane which, in turn, may be anionic or cationic in nature. Accordingly, the third alcohol can be selected from (a) a diol containing a charged group or atom, i.e. an anionic or cationic group or atom. In the process, after reaction with the polyisocyanate or a preliminary adduct having isocyanate group(s), this type of diol produces a charged prepolymer or polyurethane. Examples of anionic groups or atoms that can be present in the diol include carboxylate, phosphate and sulfonate groups, preferably carboxylates, which can be obtained by neutralizing a diol having a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid group, such as the monoester reaction products of triol (usually trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerol) and dicarboxyiic acids o anhydrides thereof (usually succinic acid or anhydride, terephthalic acid or anhydride like glycerol monosuccinate, glycerol monoterephthalate, trimethylolpropane mono succinate, trimethylolpropane monoterephthalate, N,N-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-glycine, di (hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, N,N-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, an the like, by reaction with a base, such as an alkali metal hydroxide, e.g. sodiu hydroxide, or an amine, e.g. triethylamine, thereby forming an alkali metal or ammoniu counter-ion. Examples of cationic groups or atoms that can be present in the diol includ cationically charged sulfur, phosphorous and nitrogen, e.g. in the form of sulfoniu groups, phosphonium groups and ammonium groups like acid addition salts of primary secondary and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups, preferabl ammonium groups and most preferably acid addition salts of tertiary amino groups an quaternary ammonium groups. Examples of suitable cationic diols (a) include aci addition salts and quaternization products of N-alkandiol dialkylamines and N-alkyl dialka nolamines like 1,2-propanediol-3-dimethylamine, N-methyl diethanolamine, N-ethyl di ethanolamine, N-propyl diethanolamine, N-n-butyl diethanolamine and N-t-butyl diethanol- amine, N-stearyl diethanolamine and N-methyl dipropanolamine, preferably N-alkyl diethanolamines in which the alkyl groups contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular N- methyl diethanolamine. The acid addition salts can be derived from acids, such as formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., and the quatemization products can be derived from alkylating agents like methyl chloride, dialkyl sulfates, e.g. dimethyl sulfate, benzyl halides, e.g. benzyl chloride, epihalohydrins, e.g. epichlorohydrin, and alkylene oxides, e.g. ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Examples of suitable diols containing a cationic group are disclosed in Intemat. Pat. Appl. Pubi. No. WO 97/45395 and US Pat. No. 5,561,187, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, or additionally, the third alcohol can be selected from (b) a diol containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation. In the process, after reaction with the polyisocyanate or a preliminary adduct having isocyanate group(s), this type of diol produces an uncharged prepolymer or polyurethane which is then further reacted in order to produce a charged polyurethane by partially or wholly converting the uncharged groups or atoms derived from the diol (b) into charged groups or atoms. The third alcohol of (b) can be a diol containing a group or atom that can be rendered anionic by reaction with a base. Examples of suitable uncharged groups or atoms of this type include acid groups like sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid and carboxylic acid groups, usually a carboxylic acid group. The anionic charge can be formed by neutralizing the acid group present in the polyurethane by reaction with a base, such as alkali metal hydroxide, e.g. sodium hydroxide, or an amine, e.g. triethylamine, thereby forming an alkali metal or ammonium counter-ion. Suitable non-ionic diols (b) that are potentially anionic include the monoester reaction products of triols (usually trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerol) and dicarboxyiic acids or anhydrides thereof (usually succinic acid or anhydride, terephthalic acid or anhydride) like glycerol mcnosuccinate, glycerol monoterephthalate, trimethylolpropane monosuccinate and trimethylolpropane monoterephthalate, as well as N,N-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-glycine, di-(hyάroxymethyl)-propionic acid, N,N-bis-(hydroxyethyl)- 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, and the like. Alternatively, the second alcohol of (b) can be a diol containing a group or atom which can be rendered cationic by reaction with an acid or an alkylating agent. Examples of suitable uncharged groups or atoms of this type include sulfur and nitrogen atoms, e.g. in the form of sulfide and amine groups, preferably a nitrogen atom, where the nitrogen can be present as a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, preferably a tertiary amino group. The cationic charge can be formed by reacting the uncharged groups or atoms present in the polyurethane with an acid and/or alkylating agent, thereby forming cationic groups or atoms, such as sulfonium and ammonium groups, e.g. in the form of acid addition salts (protonated nitrogens) an quatematy ammmonium groups (quaternized nitrogens). Examples of suitable non-ioni diols (b) that are potentially cationic include N-alkandiol dialkylamines and N-alkyl dialk nolamines like 1,2-propanedioi-3-dimethylamine, N-methy! diethanolamine, N-ethyl d ethanolamine, N-propyl diethanolamine, N-n- and N-t-butyl diethanolamines, N-stearyl d ethanolamine and N-methyl dipropanolamine, preferably N-alkyl diethanolamines in whic the alkyl groups contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular N-methyl diethanolamin Suitable acids include formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and the like. Suitabl alkylating agents include methyl chloride, dialkyl sulfates, e.g. dimethyl sulfate, benz halides, e.g. benzyl chloride, epihalohydrins, e.g. epichlorohydrin, and alkylene oxides, e. ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The third alcohol can also be selected from (c) a polyol. If this type of thir alcohol is used, it is generally preferred that the first and second alcohols have alrea been introduced into the process and thereby formed a preliminary adduct havin terminal isocyanate group(s) in order that the polyol (c) can function as a chain-extend by reaction with the preliminary adduct to form a polyurethane as well as a reactant f further reaction with a compound (d) which is reactive to hydroxyl groups and contains introduces a charged group or atom, or an uncharged group or atom capable of char formation. In the process, when the polyol (c) has been incorporated into t polyurethane by reaction with a preliminary adduct having isocyanate group(s), at lea one remaining hydroxyl group derived from the polyol is reacted with the compound ( and, optionally, any uncharged groups or atoms capable of charge formation deriv from the compound (d) are then at least partially converted into charged groups atoms. Usually the polyol (c) contains from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, notably not more th 8 carbons. Suitable polyols (c) include glycerol, diglycerol, trimethylol ethane, trimethyl propane, and pentaerythritol. Preferred polyols include glycerol, trimethylol propane a pentaerythritol. Among the polyols, it is preferred to use triols and tetraols, prefera triols. Suitable compounds (d) include dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic anhydrides a dicarboxylic acid chlorides, preferably dicarboxylic acids and anhydrides, most prefera anhydrides. Suitable dicarboxylic acids, anhydrides and acid chlorides can be select from aliphatic and/or aromatic compounds containing at least 2 carbon atoms, prefera from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g. succinic acid and anhydride, glutaric acid and anhydrid maleic acid and anhydride, as well as phthalic acid and anhydride. When using dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, the reaction with a hydroxyl group of the polyol (c) lea to formation of a carboxyl group which can be converted into the correspondi carboxylate group by reaction with a base, such as an alkali metal hydroxide, e.g. sodi hydroxide, or an amine, e.g. triethylamine. Accordingly, the use of the third alcohol ( and the compound (d) usually produce anionic groups which may be present in anioni and amphoteric poiyurethanes. If the third alcohol is a polyol (c), it is generally preferred that the second alcoh is selected from diols. However, if the third alcohol is a polyol (c) and the second alcoh is also a polyol, it is preferred that they are different polyols. Polyisocyanates th can be used in the process of this invention include aliphatic, aromatic and mixe aliphatic/aromatic compounds. The term "polyisocyanate", as used herein, refers to compound with at least two isocyanate groups. Among the polyisocyanates, it is general preferred to use diisocyanates. Where polyisocyanates containing more than t isocyanate groups are used, e.g. triisocyanates, it is preferred to admix them with diis cyanates. Polyisocyanates generally are known in the art, for example as disclosed Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 13, Second Ed., 1988, pp. 24 303, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Examples of suitable diisocyanat include toluene-2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanates, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, hex methylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1 ,4-diis cyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and the like. It is also possible to use blocked isocy nates in known manner. In the present process, the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups of the first, second a third alcohols to isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate can vary within wide limi depending on, for example, type of alcohols used, type of polyisocyanate used, et Usually, the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups to isocyanate groups is within the range of fro 0.5:1 to 2:1, suitably from 0.7:1 to 1.3:1 and preferably about 0.9:1 to 1.1:1. Generally the proportions between the first, second and third alcohols us according to the invention can vary within wide limits. The process is usually carried o using from about 1 to about 80 mole% of (I) hydroxyl groups of the first alcohol, from abo 1 to about 75 mole% of (II) hydroxyl groups of the second alcohol and from about 20 about 90 mole% of (111) hydroxyl groups of the third alcohol, the sum of percentages of (I) (II) + (Hi) being 100; suitably (I) is from 5 to 70 mole%, (II) is from 2 to 65 mole% and (III) from 25 to 70 mole%; and preferably (I) is from 10 to 60 mole%, (II) is from 3 to 50 mole and (111) is from 25 to 60 mole%. In a preferred embodiment, the first alcohol is used in predominant amount such that the molar ratios of (I) hydroxyl groups of the first alcohol (II) hydroxyl groups of the second alcohol and to (III) hydroxyl groups of the third alco are both greater than 1:1. Usually these products give improved sizing efficiency. The process of this invention can be carried out in conventional manner, example as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,971,764, 4,096,127, 4,617,341, 4,777,224 a 5,561,187, and Internat. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO 97/45395, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference, except that different reactants are used in this process. As isocyanates are susceptible to nucleophilic attack and readily react with water, the process is preferably carried out in a reaction medium free from water and undesired nucloephiles. Suitably the reaction is carried out in a water-free inert organic solvent, e.g. acetone, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, e.g. diacetoxy-dibutyl-tin. After completed reaction, any further reaction can be carried out and the reaction medium can be worked-up in conventional manner. Examples of useful steps include addition of water, acid, and/or alkali; evaporation of solvent, and the like. Acid and alkali are often added for formation of charged groups in the polyurethane. The polyurethane obtained should suitably be water- soluble or water-dispersable, and water can thus be added for formation of an aqueous polyurethane dispersion. Usually the polyurethane produced has an average molecular weight of at least 500, suitably at least 1 ,000. The present invention further relates to the aqueous dispersion of charged polyurethane and the use thereof as an additive in the manufacture of paper. The dispersions may contain from about 1 to 50% by weight of polyurethane, suitably from 5 to 25% by weight. The dispersion may of course be diluted with water prior to use. The term "paper", as used herein, refers to all types of cellulosic products, including paper, board and paper board. In a preferred embodiment, the polyurethane dispersion is used as a sizin agent. The dispersion can be added to the paper making stock (internal sizing agent) o applied to the paper surface (external sizing agent), preferably to surface size paper. I addition to the charged polyurethane, the aqueous composition used for surface sizing, commonly referred to as sizing liquor, usually contains starch or a derivative thereof Pigments may be present in certain applications. The amount of polyurethane added to th stock or applied to the paper surface may be from 0.001 to 25% by weight, calculated a dry charged polyurethane on dry cellulosic material and optional filler, suitably from 0.01 t 5% by weight. In another preferred embodiment, the dispersion is used as a component o a coating or precoating composition, usually for coating paper. The present coating compo sition may contain any of the pigments conventionally used in coating and pre-coatin compositions including, for example, kaolin, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, chalk aluminum oxide, aluminium silicate, satin white, barium sulfate, silica, talk, calcium sulfate zink oxide, zirkonium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, the contents of which are usuall at least 20% by weight, based on the coating composition. The amount of dispersion o charged polyurethane present in the coating composition can be from 0.01 to 25% b weight, suitably from 0.01 to 8% by weight, calculated as dry polyurethane on dry coatin composition. The amount of coating composition comprising charged polyurethane applie to the paper surface may be within the ranges described above, calculated as dry charge polyurethane on dry cellulosic material and optional filler. The present invention further relates to a process for surface-treating a material i sheet or web form, e.g. paper or polymeric film, by applying to the surface of the material composition, e.g. an aqueous composition, comprising the charged polyurethane describe herein, and optionally drying the surface-treated material thus obtained. The compositio which can be a surface sizing composition, a pigment coating composition, etc., is suitabl applied to the surface in amounts described above, calculated as dry polyurethane on dr material in sheet or web form. The invention is further illustrated in the following non-limiting examples. Parts an percentages relate to parts by weight and percent by weight, respectively, unless otherwis stated. Example 1 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared as follows: 60. ml (420 mmol) of toluene diisocyanate (hereinafter TDI) were added to a solution of 73.1 (204 mmol) of glycerol monostearate (hereinafter GMS) in 200 g of acetone. The mixtur was heated under reflux for 1 h in the presence of a catalytic amount of dibutyl-ti diacetate. Next, 3.76 g (40.8 mmol) of glycerol were added and heating continued. 3 min later, 17.3 g (129 mmol) of di-(hydroxymethyl)-propionic acid (hereinafter DMPA) an 1.70 g (14.3 mmol) of N-methyl-diethanolamine (hereinafter N-MDEA) in 200 g aceton were added. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for additional 1 h and the treated with 116 ml of 1 M NaOH (aq) and 1000 ml water. The acetone was evaporate in vacuum yielding an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 2 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as i Example 1 except that TDI was added to an acetonic solution of both GMS and glycer After heating under reflux for 70 min, DMPA and N-MDEA were added as above follow by heating the reaction mixture under reflux for additional 2 h. The reaction mixture w worked-up as in Example 1 , yielding an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 3 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially in Example 1 except that 5.0 g (54.3 mmol) of glycerol, 14.8 g (110 mmol) of DMPA, 1. g (12.3 mmol) of N-MDEA and 100 ml of 1 M NaOH were used. Working-up the reacti mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 4 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as in Example 1 except that glycerol was replaced with 3.8 g (61.2 mmol) of ethyleneglycol. Working-up the reaction mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 5 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as in Example 1 except that glycerol was replaced with 5.5 g (61.2 mmol) of 1 ,4-butanediol. Working-up the reaction mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 6 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as in Example 1 except that glycerol was replaced with 7.2 g (61.2 mmol) of 1 ,6-hexanediol. Working-up the reaction mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 7 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as in Example 1 except that glycerol was replaced with 4.7 g (61.2 mmol) of 1,2-propanediol. Working-up the reaction mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 8 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as in Example 1 except that glycerol was replaced with 4.2 g (30.6 mmol) of pentaerythritol. Working-up the reaction mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 9 For comparison purposes, a charged polyurethane was prepared following the procedure according to Example 1 except that no glycerol was used and the amounts of DMPA, N-MDEA and 1 M NaOH were 24.6 g (183 mmol), 2.43 g (20.4 mmol) and 165 ml, respectively. Working-up the reaction mixture yielded an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 10 For comparison purposes, a charged polyurethane was prepared according to the teachings of U.S. 4,777,224, as follows: 15 ml (105 mmol) of TDI were added to a solution of 18.3 g (51.0 mmol) of GMS in 50 g of acetone. The mixture was heated under reflux for 1 h in the presence of a catalytic amount of dibutyl-tin-diacetate. Next, 2.85 g (21.2 mmol) of DMPA, 2.58 g (21.7 mmol) of N-MDEA in 50 g acetone and 13.8 g (6.89 mmol) of polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 2000 were added. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for additional 90 min and then treated with 14.4 ml of 1 M NaOH (aq) and 250 ml water. The acetone was evaporated in vacuum yielding an aqueous dispersion of anionic polyurethane. Example 11 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared as follows: 15 ml (105 mmol) of TDI were added to a solution of 18.3 g (51.0 mmol) of GMS in 50 g of acetone. The mixture was heated under reflux for 1 h in the presence of a catalytic amount of dibutyl-tin-diacetate. Next, 0.94 g (10.2 mmol) of glycerol were added and heating continued. 25 min later, 1.97 g (7.65 mmol) of N-MDEA quatemized with epichlorohydrin (a hydroxy-functional quatarnary ammonium compound prepared according to the teachings of WO 97/45395; hereinafter N-MDEA-ECH) and subsequently 3.34 g (28.1 mmol) of N-MDEA in 50 g acetone were added. The temperature was increased and the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 50 min. The resulting acetonic solution was poured into 27 ml of 1 M HCI (aq) and 250 ml water. Acetone was removed in vacuum giving an aqueous dispersion of cationic polyurethane. Example 12 A charged polyurethane according to the invention was prepared essentially as in Example 11 except that no N-MDEA-ECH was used and the amounts of N-MDEA and 1 M HCI were increased to 4.26 g (35.7 mmol) and 34 ml, respectively. The product obtained was an aqueous dispersion of cationic polyurethane. Example 13 For comparison purposes, a charged polyurethane was prepared following the procedure according to Example 11 except that no glycerol was used and the amounts of N-MDEA and 1 M HCI were increased to 5.17 g (43.4 mmol) and 39 ml, respectively. The product obtained was an aqueous dispersion of cationic polyurethane. Example 14 For comparison purposes, a charged polyurethane was prepared following the procedure according to Example 12 except that no glycerol and no N-MDEA-ECH were used and the amounts of N-MDEA and 1 M HCI (aq) were increased to 6.08 g (51.0 mmol) and 48.5 ml, respectively. The product obtained was an aqueous dispersion of cationic polyurethane. Example 15 Sizing efficiency of the anionic polyurethane dispersions according to Examples 1-10 was evaluated by means of the Cobb test, using German DIN standard 5312 whic is a common method in the art. The Cobb 60 values correspond to paper absorption o water, expressed in g/m 2 of water take-up after 1 min contact time. Sizing liquor containing the polyurethane dispersion was applied with laboratory size press to an unsized base paper. The sizing liquor also contained 5% o oxidativeiy degraded starch. The values measured on the sized paper sheets are presented in Table 1 , where dosage of the polyurethane dispersion (in %) refers to dry anionic polyurethane on dry paper. Table 1 As can be seen from Table I, the sizing efficiency of the polyurethane dispersions of Examples 1 to 8 according to the invention showed significant improved sizing efficiency over polyurethane dispersion of Examples 9 and 10 used for comparison. Example 16 Sizing efficiency of the cationic polyurethane dispersions according to Examples 11-14 was evaluated as in Example 15. The results are presented in Table 2, where dosage of the polyurethane dispersion (in %) refers to dry cationic polyurethane on dry paper. Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2, the sizing efficiency of the polyurethane dispersion of Examples 11 and 12 according to the invention showed significant improved sizing efficiency over polyurethane dispersion of Examples 13 and 14 used for comparison.

Claims: Claims 1. A process for the production of charged poiyurethanes comprising reacting isocyanate groups of a polyisocyanate with hydroxyl groups of different alcohols comprising (i) a first alcohol selected from one or more diols containing at least 10 carbon atoms; (ii) a second alcohol selected from alkylene diols having not more than 8 carbon atoms, alkyleneoxy diols having not more than 8 carbon atoms, polyols, and mixtures thereof; (iii) a third alcohol selected from (a) diols containing a charged group or atom, (b) diols containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting the uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, (c) polyols and further reaction of one or more hydroxyl group derived from the polyol with a compound containing a charged group or atom or a compound containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation and at least partially converting said uncharged group or atom into a charged group or atom, and mixtures thereof. 2. A process for the production of charged poiyurethanes according to claim 1 , characterised in that in the production of anionic poiyurethanes, the first alcohol is an aliphatic diol having an aliphatic side-chain substituent having at least 10 carbon atoms. 3. A process for the production of charged poiyurethanes according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the polyurethane is anionic. 4. A process for the production of charged poiyurethanes according to claim 1 , characterised in that the polyurethane is cationic. 5. A process for the production of charged poiyurethanes according to claim 1 , characterised in that the polyurethane is amphoteric. 6. A process according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the third alcohol is selected from (a) diols containing a charged group or atom, (b) diols containing an uncharged group or atom capable of charge formation, and mixtures thereof. 7. A process according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first and second alcohols are introduced into the process for reaction before introducing the third alcohol. 8. A process according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that (i) the first alcohol is an aliphatic diol having an aliphatic substituent with at least 10 carbon atoms; (ii) the second alcohol is selected from diols, triols, tetraols, and mixtures thereof; and (ii) the third alcohol is selected from N-alkandioi dialkylamines, acid addition salts thereof and quaternization products thereof, N-alkyl dialkanolamines, acid addition salts thereof and quaternization products thereof, diols containing a carboxylic acid group, diols containing a carboxylate group, diols containing a sulfonic acid group, diols containing a suifonate group, and mixtures thereof. 9. A process according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the process is carried out using from 10 to 60 mole% of (I) hydroxyl groups of the first alcohol, from 3 to 50 mole% of (II) hydroxyl groups of the second alcohol and from 25 to 60 mole% of (III) hydroxyl groups of the third alcohol, the sum of percentages of (I) + (II) + (III) being 100. 10. Charged polyurethane obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. Aqueous dispersion containing a charged polyurethane according to claim 10 or containing a charged polyurethane produced according to any of claims 1 to 9. 12. A method of surface-treating a material in sheet or web form by applying a composition to the surface of the material, characterised in that the composition comprises a charged polyurethane according to claim 10 or an aqueous dispersion containing a charged polyurethane according to claim 11. 13. A method according to claim 12, characterised in that the material in sheet or web form is a cellulosic product. 14. A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that it is a surface sizing method which is carried out using an aqueous sizing composition. 15. A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that it is a paper coating method which is carried out using an aqueous pigmented composition.

Inventors: BIERMANN CHRISTIAN, GORZYNSKI MAREK, MACHEREY HERIBERT, BIERMANN, CHRISTIAN, GORZYNSKI, MAREK, MACHEREY, HERIBERT
Applicants: AKZO NOBEL NV, BIERMANN CHRISTIAN, EKA CHEMICALS AB, GORZYNSKI MAREK, MACHEREY HERIBERT, AKZO NOBEL N.V., BIERMANN, CHRISTIAN, GORZYNSKI, MAREK, MACHEREY, HERIBERT
Application year: 1999
Main classification: C08G18
IPC codes: C08G18, C08L75, D21H17, D21H19, D21H21