INK DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PIGMENTED SOLID INKS

Abstract: An ink development process for the preparation of pigmented solid inks including the steps of preparing a mill base and preparing an ink from the mill base. The mill base contains a pigment, and a solvent or oil as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment. The mill base may contain a plasticizer. A hot melt pigmented ink is also provided.

Description: Ink Development Processes for the Preparation of Pigmented Solid Inks Background of the Invention Area of the Art The invention relates to an ink development process, and particularly to an ink development process for the preparation of a pigmented ink. Description of the Prior Art The development of large format printing puts additional requirements on printing inks, such as exceptional durability and light fastness. To meet these requirements, conventional dyes are being replaced by the more heat and light resistant pigments such as quinacridones, phthalocyanines, and the like. These pigments are difficult to be dispersed. Preparations of good thermally stable dispersions with submicron particles are particularly difficult in the case of hot melt inks made on the basis of waxes. It requires longer milling time and powerful mills. Usually the preparation of pigmented solid inks includes the milling of pigments in waxes in the presence of dispersing agents. This process is time, and energy consuming, and requires elaborate modern milling equipment. The resulting dispersion is often not stable, and an additional operation such as agitating the ink by shaking the printhead is needed to maintain good dispersion. Therefore, a need exists to improve the milling process for obtaining a better pigment dispersion in a shorter time using relatively simple milling equipment. Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to simplify milling processes for the preparation of pigmented solid inks, particularly, to provide a milling process for obtaining better pigment dispersion in a shorter time using relatively simple milling equipment. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hot melt pigmented ink with a better and more stable pigment dispersion. These and other objects and advantages are achieved by the inks and ink development processes in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In accordance with the process embodiments of the present invention, an ink development process for the preparation of pigmented solid inks includes the steps of preparing a mill base and preparing an ink from the mill base. The mill base contains a pigment and solvent, such as a liquid organic solvent or oil as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment. In particular embodiments the mill base can also contain a plasticizer, and a solvent as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment. Such an arrangement has been found to provide a number of advantages. As explained in greater detail below, it has been found that the methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention enhance the marketability of hot melt pigmented inks in many aspects. First, the methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention decrease the time of milling. In addition, inks made in accordance with embodiments of the present invention tend to exhibit good stability, excellent light fastness, as well as possessing reliable printing and jetting properties. The methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are well suited for use in making pigmented solid inks, particularly hot melt pigmented inks. In accordance with the process embodiments of the present invention, the milling of pigments is performed in the presence of a solvent, such as a liquid organic solvent or an oil, which performs as a good wetting and dispersing media. Hot-melt phase characteristics are added in at a later stage. Also in particular embodiments, conventional waxes may be partially replaced with plasticizers to increase the stability and reduce the viscosity of pigment dispersions. Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, various features of embodiments of the invention. Description of the Figures The above-mentioned and other features of this invention and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent, and will be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These drawings depict only a typical embodiment of the invention and do not therefore limit its scope. They serve to add specificity and detail, in which: FIGURE 1 shows dependence of viscosity of ink based on dispersant concentration. FIGURES 2 (a)-(f) show dependence of ink viscosity based on rotation speed at a temperature of T=130°C. Figure 2(a) shows magenta (pigment red 122 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.1). Figure 2(b) shows yellow (pigment yellow 155 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.3). Figure 2(c) shows cyan (pigment blue 15:4 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.2). Figure 2(d) shows magenta (pigment red 122 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.5). Figure 2(e) shows cyan (pigment blue 15:4 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.4). Figure 2(f) shows yellow (pigment yellow 155 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.6). FIGURES 3 (a) and (b) show time induced changes of viscosity in magenta ink at a temperature of T =105°C. Figure 3(a) corresponds to table 2.1 and figure 3(b) corresponds to table 2.5. FIGURES 4 (a)-(c) show microscope images of the different inks. Figure 4(a) corresponds to magenta (pigment red 122 based) ink. Figure 4(b) corresponds to cyan (pigment blue 15:4 based) ink. Figure 4(c) corresponds to yellow (pigment yellow 155 based) ink. FIGURE 5 shows the behavior of magenta (pigment red 122) based ink during irradiation (corresponding to Table 2.1). Figure 5 shows the behavior of magenta (pigment red 122 based) ink (corresponding to table 2.1) during irradiation. Detailed Description of the Invention Embodiments of the present invention provide a novel ink development process for the preparation of pigmented solid inks. A process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include the steps of preparing a mill base and preparing an ink from the mill base. The mill base contains a pigment, a liquid organic solvent or an oil as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment. It may also contain a plasticizer. In further embodiments, more than one organic solvent and oil may be used, or a combination of oils and organic solvents or the like may be used. In one embodiment of the present invention, a mill base prepared in accordance with the present invention includes a plasticizer and conventional liquid ink ingredients, such as but not limited to, a pigment, a liquid organic solvent or oil, a dispersing agent, and in some cases a synergist. In some cases oil may be used in a sense of liquid organic solvent. In certain cases, depending on the pigment and solvent, a plasticizer may not be required. In particular embodiments, the plasticizer may be glyceryl tribenzoate. In alternate embodiments, other plasticizers that may be used are: benzoates (including 1 ,4-cyclohexane dimethanol dibenzoate (Benzoflex 352), neopentyl glycole dibenzoate (Benzoflex 312), 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-pentanediol benzoate (Benzoflex 354), phosphates (including triphenyl phosphate), phthalates, sebacates, abietates and the like. Preferably, a mill base comprises about 0 to 40% of plasticizer by weight. The range was suggested according to the experimental results. It was found that in the case of aromatic and aliphatic solvents, alcohols and glycols, thermal stability of the final ink dispersion was better when a plasticizer was present in the mill base. For the purpose of embodiments of the present invention, a pigment may be either an organic or an inorganic pigment. Preferably, the pigments are heat and light resistant. Examples ofpossible pigments include, but are not limited to, pigment blues (PB) 15, 15:3, 15:4, 16, 22, 28, 64, 68; pigment reds (PR) 3, 4, 48, 81, 97, 113, 122, 175, 202, 217; pigment yellows (PY) 2, 7, 53, 111, 155, 151, 175, 194; pigment blacks 7, carbon black, graphite; pigment white titanium dioxide, etc. Pigments listed here are all commercially available from different companies, such as, SUN CHEMICAL Corporation, SANDOZ Chemical Corporation, Clariant Corporation, AZTECH (Uhlich Color Company, Inc.), DEGUSSA Corporation, BASF, Ciba Geigy, and Hoechst, etc. Preferably, the mill base prepared in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may comprise about 0.2 to 90% of pigment by weight. This range was selected according to recommendations printed in the "Solsperse hyperdispersants" series, published by Zeneca United Color Technology, Inc. Weight percentage of a pigment in the ink formulation depends usually on the nature of the pigment. For the purpose of embodiments of the present invention, a solvent may be any liquid organic solvent or oil which provides a wetting and dispersing media for the pigments used in the ink of embodiments of the present invention. Examples of possible liquid organic solvents include, but are not limited to, an aromatic and aliphatic liquid organic solvent, alcohol, glycol, ether, ester, and the like. Any organic solvent which is thermally stable, has good wetting properties, and is compatible with the other components of the ink, can be used. Oils can include, but not limited to, natural and mineral oils, castor oil, linseed oil, lauric oil, palm oil, dehydrated castor oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, vegetable oils and the like. Preferably, a mill base comprises about 9 to 84% of solvent by weight. The range selection was based on experimental results and recommendations published in the "Solsperse hyperdispersants" series published by Zeneca, United Color Technology, Inc. Each pigment requires its own individual amount of solvent, which is dictated by the pigment's surface and wetting properties. The amount of solvent has to be close to the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC), see: Temple C. Patton, "Paint Flow and Pigment Dispersion. A Rheological Approach to Coating and Ink Technology." Second edition, (John Wiley & Sons, 1979). In embodiments of the present invention, a mill base may contain about 1 to 40% of a dispersing agent. The range selection was based on experimental results and recommendations published in the "Solsperse hyperdispersants" series published by Zeneca, United Color Technology, Inc. Usually, a dispersion with an optimal concentration of a dispersing agent shows minimal viscosity (see Figure 1). Examples of possible dispersing agents include, but are not limited to, Solsperse 24000, Solsperse 20000, Solsperse 17000, 13940, 13240, 24000, 26000, 28000 and the like. Selection of a particular Solsperse dispersant depends on the selected solvent, such as liquid organic solvent/oil or the like. The recommendations on Solsperse selections are published by Zeneca United Color Technology, Inc. In embodiments of the present invention, a mill base may also contain a synergist. The ratio of synergist should be determined experimentally, but guideline ratios can be found in the typical formulations recommended by Zeneca United Color Technology, Inc. Preferably, the ratio between the dispersing agent and synergist varies from 4: 1 to 9: 1. For example, the best results were obtained for PYl 55 with 0.2% of Solsperse 22000, and for PB 15:4 with 0.94% of Solsperse 5000 in the mill base. Examples of such synergists include, but are not limited to, Solsperse 5000, Solsperse 22000, and the like. In one aspect of the present invention, the step of preparing an ink from the mill base further includes the steps of preparing a color concentrate from the mill base, and preparing an ink from the color concentrate. In embodiments of the present invention, a color concentrate may be prepared by diluting or letting down the mill base with a solid plasticizer and/or waxes, and resins. Examples of possible solid plasticizers include, but are not limited to, glyceryl tribenzoate (also known as Benzoflex S-404 or Uniplex 260), 1 ,4-cyclohexane dimethanol dibenzoate (also known as Benzoflex 352), triphenyl phosphate and the like. Depending on the selected pigment and solvent, a color concentrate contains about 0 to 85% of plasticizer. This range was established experimentally and is different for different pigments. Mill base materials and the final properties of the ink also determine whether a plasticizer needs to be added and how much of the plasticizer is needed. For example, in certain cases for pigment blue 15:4, the optimal concentration of solid plasticizer was 60-80%, for pigment yellow 155, it was 79%, for pigment red 122, 81-84%. The addition of plasticizer at this stage of ink formation is important for reducing viscosity of mill base to remove media and to permit filtering of the mill base. There are also cases where no plasticizer was used. Generally, the amount of pigment in the color concentrate should be 2-3 times higher than its amount in the final inks. Depending on the selected pigment and the solvent, a color concentrate contains about 0 to 90% of wax. Examples of possible waxes include, but are not limited to, synthetic and natural waxes, castor wax, ester waxes, amide waxes, acid waxes, polyethylene waxes, montan waxes, glycerol esters, fatty alcohols, polyol esters, ethoxylated alcohols, maleic anhydride, and oxidized hydrocarbons and the like. Mill base materials and the type of wax determine how much wax needs to be added. The amount of wax needs to be sufficient to provide smooth filtration operation. It was also seen that the amount and type of wax can affect the final ink stability. The optimal concentration of the wax, for the oil based system was experimentally found to be 84-88% for pigment red 122, pigment blue 15:4, and pigment yellow 155. For the purpose of embodiments of present invention, resins used herein may be acrylic, hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic resins, rosin esters, polyamides and the like. Examples of possible acrylic resins include, but are not limited to, Jonrez IM-834 (from Westvaco) and the like. Examples of possible aliphatic resins include, but are not limited to DP-7504-30, DP-7504-52 (from Westvaco) and the like. Examples of possible hydrocarbon resins include, but are not limited to E90, Ml 00, P70, Escorez 5300, 5380 (from Arakawa, S&S Chemical, Exxon) and the like. Preferably, a color concentrate contains about 0 to 25% of the resin. This range was established experimentally. For example, it was found that addition of resin to the glyceryl tribenzoate based inks decreases viscosity of the inks and makes their rheology more Newtonian. With the increase in the amount of resin, viscosity of ink decreases, reaches a minimal value and then increases. This is an important point for optimizing of the resin concentration of the final ink. In particular compositions, the pigment blue 15:4 containing color concentrate included 25% of the resin (DP-7504-30 or IM- 834, both from "Westvaco," DP-7504-30 is a hydrocarbon resin, IM-834 is acrylic), the pigment yellow 155 color concentrate contained 9-15% of IM-834, and pigment red 122 color concentrate contained 9-11% of DP-7504-52 or IM-834, both from "Westvaco" (DP-7504-52 is hydrocarbon resin). In certain cases resin can be added at a later stage. In some oil based systems, the resin was added in the final stage of ink preparation, as is shown in the tables 2.4 and 2.5. In a preferred embodiment, a color concentrate may contain about 10 to 35%, and preferably 10 to 17% of a mill base made in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. This range is found experimentally, where the viscosity of color concentrate was low enough for filtration and media separation. The amount of pigment in the color concentrate has to be higher than in final inks. For example for pigment red 122 the optimal concentration of the mill base in color concentrate was 10-14%, for pigment yellow 155 it was 10- 12%, and for pigment blue 15:4 it was 14- 16%. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, inks may be prepared from a color concentrate. The inks may be prepared from a color concentrate by mixing the color concentrate with other ingredients such as, but not limited to, plasticizers, waxes, and resins. The color concentrate may be diluted with a plasticizer. Examples of possible plasticizers include, but are not limited to 1, 4- cyclohexane dimethanol dibenzoate (also known as Benzoflex 352) or the like. Preferably, color concentrate is diluted with about 40 to 50% of plasticizer by weight. This range was established experimentally, based on the pigment concentration in the final inks, and their viscosity and drying characteristics. In other embodiments of the present invention, the color concentrate may also be diluted with waxes. The color concentrate is diluted with 0.2 to 95%, and preferably with 30 to 85% of waxes, including, but not limited to, synthetic and natural waxes, Castor wax, ester waxes including polyol esters and glycerol esters, amide waxes (e.g., Kemamide B), acid waxes, polyethylene waxes, montan waxes, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, oxidized hydrocarbons and the like. Depending on formulation, the amount of waxes in finished inks may vary in a broad percentage range. It should be understood that other suitable materials for embodiments of the present invention are commercially available and would be known to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a hot melt pigmented ink that includes a pigment, a solvent, such as a liquid organic solvent or an oil, as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment, and in certain cases a plasticizer as a part of a hot melt vehicle. For the purpose of embodiments of the present invention, a pigment may be either an organic or an inorganic pigment. Preferably, the pigments are heat and light resistant. Examples of pigments include, but are not limited to, pigment blues (PB) 15, 15:3, 15:4, 16, 22, 28, 64, 68; pigment reds (PR) 3, 4, 48, 81, 97, 113, 122, 175, 202, 217; pigment yellows (PY) 2, 7, 53, 111, 155, 151, 175, 194; pigment blacks 7, carbon black, graphite; pigment white titanium dioxide, and the like. However, other suitable pigments may also be used and would be known to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure. For the purpose of embodiments of the present invention, a solvent may be any liquid organic solvent and/or oil which provides a wetting and dispersion media for pigments used in the inks in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Examples of solvents include, but are not limited to, an aromatic and aliphatic liquid organic solvent, alcohol, glycol, ester, ether, oil and the like. Any organic solvent which is thermally stable, has good wetting properties, and is compatible with the other components of the hot melt vehicle can be used. The oils include but are not limited to natural and mineral oils, castor oil, linseed oil, lauric oil, palm oil, dehydrated castor oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, vegetable oils and the like. However, other suitable solvents may also be used and would be known to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure. In addition, the plasticizer may be benzoates (e.g., glyceryl tribenzoate (also known as Benzoflex 404, Uniplex 260), 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol dibenzoate (also known as Benzoflex 352)), phosphates (e.g., triphenyl phosphate), phthalates, abietates, sebacates and the like. Plasticizers are commercially available from Velsicol Chem. Corp., Solutia Inc., Monsanto, Unitex Chem. Corp. In one embodiment of the present invention, a hot melt pigmented ink may also include a resin. Preferably, the resin is an acrylic, aliphatic, hydrocarbon resin, rosin esters and the like. Examples of possible acrylic resins include, but are not limited to Jonrez IM-834 (from Westvaco). Examples of possible aliphatic resins include, but are not limited to, DP-7504-30, DP-7504-52 (from Westvaco) and the like. Examples of possible hydrocarbon resins include, but are not limited to E90, M100, P70, Escorez 5300, 5380 (from Arakawa, S&S Chemical, Exxon companies), and the like. However, other suitable resins may also be used and would be known to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure. In an embodiment of the present invention, a hot melt pigmented ink may also include wax. Examples of possible waxes include, but are not limited to, synthetic and natural waxes, Castor wax, ester waxes including polyol esters and glycerol esters, amide waxes, acid waxes, polyethylene waxes, montan waxes, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, oxidized hydrocarbons and the like. Preferably, the wax is Castor wax, Kemamide B, polyol esters, synthetic waxes, Glycolube TS, Glycolube 674, Glycolube P. Castor wax is available from CasChem, Inc., and Clycolube TS, Glycolube P, and Glycolube 674 are available from Lonza. However, other suitable waxes may also be used and would be known to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of this disclosure. The processes used in embodiments of the present invention provide a number of advantages. It has been found that the processes enhance the marketability of hot melt pigmented inks. First, due to milling in solvents instead of waxes, it is possible to decrease the milling time down to 0.5 to 1 hour. Conversely, dispersing of pigments in waxes using an attritor-mill may take more than 10 hours or not be successful at all. Also, introducing solvents allows the use of relatively inexpensive milling equipment. Moreover, inks produced in accordance with embodiments of the present invention show excellent light fastness, and reliable printing and jetting properties. The processing is carried out in an attritor mill. However, in alternative embodiments, other mills, known to those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used. EXAMPLE I Examples of the compositions of mill bases in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are summarized in Tables 1.1 - 1.6. Table 1.1: Table 1.5: Example of finished ink compositions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are shown in Tables 2.1 - 2.6. Table 2.1 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Properties of inks 1. Rheology: The ink obtained in the above-process showed a slightly non-Newtonian behavior, and the shear stress was not linear vs. shear rate, which is typical for dispersions. (See: Temple C. Patton, "Paint Flow and Pigment Dispersion. A Rheological Approach to Coating and Ink Technology." Second edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1979). Viscosity was measured as a function of a rotation speed as evidenced in Figures 2(a)-(f). To measure viscosity a BROOKFIELD DV-II rheometer was used. It consists essentially of two concentric cylinders with the space between them filled with liquid ink under investigation. One of cylinders is made to rotate with a constant angular velocity. By measuring the torque necessary to maintain this rotation and the dimensions of the cylinders, a viscosity value for the test liquid can be calculated. Figures 2(a)-(f) show the dependence of the viscosity of various inks based on the rotation speed at a temperature of 130°C. Figure 2(a) shows Magenta (Pigment Red 122 based) ink (corresponding to Table 2.1); Figure 2(b) shows Yellow (Pigment Yellow 155 based) ink (corresponding to Table 2.3); Figure 2(c) shows Cyan (Pigment Blue 15:4 based) ink (corresponding to Table 2.2); Figure 2(d) shows Magenta (Pigment Red 122 based) ink (corresponding to Table 2.5); Figure 2(e) shows Cyan (Pigment Blue 15:4 based) ink (corresponding to Table 2.4); and Figure 2(f) shows Yellow (Pigment Yellow 155 based) ink (corresponding to Table 2.6). Figures 3(a) and (b) show the time induced changes of viscosity in the magenta ink at a temperature of 105° C. Figure 3(a) corresponds to Table 2.1 and shows that after 56 days, changes of viscosity were below 8%. Figure 3(b) corresponds to Table 2.5 and shows that in this system changes of viscosity after 68 days in the oven, were below 2.5%. 2. Particle size analysis: To maintain a stable dispersion it is important to have a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution. The average size of the pigment particles depended on the particular ink composition. For example, for Pigment Red 122 ink, it was in the range of 200 to 300 rail with a standard deviation 40 to 70 nm, for Pigment Blue 15:4 ink, the particles generally did not exceed 200 nm and the standard deviation did not exceed 90 nm. Particle size analysis was performed with a N4 Plus Coulter Particle Size Analyzer and measurements were taken in liquid organic solvents. Ink dispersions were monitored using an OLYMPUS CH-2 microscope with 500x magnification. Figures 4(a)-(c) show microscope images of different inks. Figure 4(a) shows magenta ink (Pigment Red 122); Figure 4(b) shows cyan ink (Pigment Blue 15:4); and Figure 4(c) shows yellow ink (Pigment Yellow 155). 3. Light fastness: The irradiation characteristics of embodiments of the ink after exposure to a 750 W/m 2 Xenon lamp source are shown in Figure 5. ΔE* stands for color difference between the standard and sample. Irradiation was performed using 750 W/m 2 xenon lamp from ATLAS ELECTRIC DEVICES COMPANY and the test was carried out at a temperature of 50°C. Under these conditions, approximately 4.2 hours of irradiation is comparable to one day exposure to the sun in Arizona (See ATLAS DSET Laboratory Data and ATLAS Material Testing Products and Technology News, V. 26(54), 1996). Color changes (ΔE*) measurements were done using the MILTON ROY Color Graph device with a D65b illuminant and a 10-degree observer. Irradiation of magenta (Pigment Red 122 based) ink continued for 2000 hours, yielding an obtained light dose that was approximately equal to 1.3 years in Arizona. After irradiation, the ΔE* value for the magenta ink was 9.6. Color changes (ΔE*) of cyan (Pigment Blue 15:4 based) ink did not exceed 5.1 after 708 hours of irradiation. While the description of the above refers to particular embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as would fall within the true scope and spirit of the present invention. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims: What is claimed is: 1. A process for the preparation of pigmented solid inks comprising the steps of (a) preparing a mill base containing a pigment, a plasticizer, and a solvent as a wetting and dispersing media for the pigment; and (b) preparing an ink from the mill base. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is selected from a group consisting essentially of benzoates, phosphates, phthalates, abietates and sebacates. 3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pigment is an organic or an inorganic pigment. 4. The process of claim 3, wherein the pigment is selected from a group consisting essentially of pigment blues 15, 15:3, 15:4, 16, 22, 28, 64, 68; pigment reds 3, 4, 48, 81, 97, 113, 122, 168, 175, 202, 217; pigment yellows 2, 7, 53, 111, 155, 151, 175, 194; pigment blacks 7, carbon black, graphite, and titanium dioxide. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from a group consisting essentially of liquid organic solvents and oils. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from a group consisting of aromatic and aliphatic liquid organic solvents, alcohols, glycols, ethers, esters, and oils. 7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is an oil that is selected from a group consisting essentially of natural, processed, synthetic and mineral oils, castor oil, linseed oil, lauric oil, palm oil, dehydrated castor oil, tung oil, oiticica oil and vegetable oils. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the mill base further includes a dispersing agent. 9. The process of claim 8, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from a group consisting essentially of Solsperse 20000, Solsperse 17000, Solsperse 13940, Solsperse 13240, Solsperse 24000, Solsperse 26000, Solsperse 3000, and Solsperse 28000. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the mill base further comprises a synergist. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein the synergist is selected from a group consisting essentially of Solsperse 5000 and Solsperse 22000. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein the mill base comprises about 0 to 40% by weight of the plasticizer. 13. The process of claim 1, wherein the mill base comprises about 1 to 90% by weight of the pigment. 14. The process of claim 1, wherein the mill base comprises about 9 to 98.5% by weight of the solvent. 15. The process of claim 8, wherein the mill base comprises about 1 to 32% by weight of the dispersing agent. 16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step (b) further includes the steps of (a) preparing a color concentrate from the mill base; and (b) preparing the ink from the color concentrate. 17. The process of claim 16, wherein the color concentrate is prepared by diluting the mill base with a material selected from a group consisting essentially of a plasticizer, wax, and a resin. 18. The process of claim 17, wherein the plasticizer is selected from a group consisting essentially of glyceryl tribenzoate, 1 ,4-cyclohexane dimenthanol dibenzoate and triphenyl phosphate. 19. The process of claim 17, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting essentially of synthetic wax, natural wax, Castor wax, amide wax (Kemamide B), ester wax (glycerol ester, polyol ester), acid wax, polyethylene wax, montan wax, fatty alcohol, ethoxylated alcohol, and oxidized hydrocarbon. 20. The process of claim 17, wherein the resin is selected from a group consisting essentially of an acrylic resin, hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic resins and rosin esters. 21. The process of claim 20, wherein the aliphatic resins are selected from a group consisting essentially of DP-7504-30, DP-7504-52. 22. The process of claim 20, wherein the hydrocarbon resins are selected from a group consisting essentially of E90, P70, Ml 00 and Escorez resins. 23. The process of claim 17, wherein the mill base is about 1 to 50% by weight, the plasticizer is about 0 to 81% by weight, the wax is 0 to 95% by weight, and the resin is about 0 to 10% by weight. 24. The process of claim 16, wherein the ink is prepared by diluting the color concentrate with a material selected from a group consisting essentially of a plasticizer, wax and resin. 25. The process of claim 24, wherein the plasticizer has a high melt point. 26. The process of claim 25, wherein the plasticizer is Benzoflex 352. 27. The process of claim 24, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting essentially of castor wax, Kemamide B, Glycolube TS, Glycolube P, and Glycolube 674. 28. The process of claim 24, wherein the color concentrate is about 10% to 60% by weight, the plasticizer is about 0 to 85% by weight, and the wax is about 0.5 to 85% by weight, and the resin is about 0 to 20% by weight. 29. The process of claim 20, wherein the acrylic resin is Jonrez IM-834. 30. A hot melt pigmented ink comprising: a pigment; a solvent as wetting and dispersing media for the pigment; and a plasticizer as part of a hot melt vehicle. 31. The ink of claim 30, wherein the solvent is selected from a group consisting essentially of liquid organic solvents and oils. 32. The ink of claim 30, wherein the pigment is an organic or an inorganic pigment. 33. The ink of claim 30, wherein the pigment is selected from a group consisting essentially of pigment blues 15, 15:3, 15:4, 16, 22, 28, 64, 68; pigment reds 3, 4, 48, 81, 97, 113, 122, 168, 175, 202, 217; pigment yellows 2, 7, 53, 111, 155, 151, 175, 194; pigment blacks 7, carbon black, graphite, and titanium dioxide. 34. The ink of claim 30, wherein the plasticizer is selected from a group consisting essentially of benzoate plasticizers (including Uniplex 260 and Benzoflex S-404, Benzoflex 352) and phosphate plasticizers (including triphenyl phosphate). 35. The ink of claim 30, wherein the solvent is selected from a group consisting essentially of aromatic and aliphatic solvents, alcohols, glycols, ethers and esters. 36. The ink of claim 30, wherein the solvent is selected from a group consisting essentially of natural, processed, synthetic, and mineral oils, castor oil, linseed oil, lauric oil, palm oil, dehydrated castor oil, tung oil, oiticica oil and vegetable oils. 37. The ink of claim 30, further including a resin. 38. The ink of claim 37, wherein the resin is selected from a group consisting essentially of an acrylic resin, hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic resins and rosin esters. 39. The ink of claim 38, wherein the acrylic resin is Jonrez IM-834. 40. The ink of claim 38, wherein the aliphatic resins are selected from a group consisting essentially of DP-7504-30 and DP-7504-52. 41. The ink of claim 38, wherein the hydrocarbon resins are selected from a group consisting essentially of E-90, P-70, M-100 and Escorez resins. 42. The ink of claim 30, further comprising a wax. 43. The ink of claim 42, wherein the wax is selected from a group consisting essentially of Castor wax, amide wax (Kemamide B), Glycolube TS, Glycolube 674, Glycolube P, ester wax and fatty alcohol wax.

Inventors: FATHOLLAHI ZAHRA, TREGUB INNA, FATHOLLAHI, ZAHRA, TREGUB, INNA
Applicants: DATAPRODUCTS CORP, FATHOLLAHI ZAHRA, TREGUB INNA, DATAPRODUCTS CORPORATION, FATHOLLAHI, ZAHRA, TREGUB, INNA
Application year: 1999
Main classification: C09D11
IPC codes: C09B67, C09D11, C09D17