BLOW MOLDED WHEEL WITH AXLE RETAINER

Abstract: A blow-molded wheel including an axle retainer assembly. The retainer assembly (31) includes a housing (42) having transverse sleeves that support an axle (14) and a spring biased retainer pin (10) that mounts to an annular groove (12) at the axle. The housing is supported in a cavity formed into a wheel spoke (18) and a bore of a wheel hub and is retarined upon the shrinkage of the plastic around the housing. An aperture of the pin sleeve facilitates retraction of the pin and release of the wheel from the axle.

Description: BLOW MOLDED WHEEL WITH AXLE RETAINER RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation-in-part of US patent application 09/090,618 filed June 4, 1998. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to plastic wheels and, in particular, to a blow molded wheel having a spring biased axle retainer and a fitted tread piece. Varieties of pneumatic and composite wheels have been developed that include integral axle retainers. Some available composite wheels include an injection-molded hub that supports a molded rubber tread piece at a flanged rim. The tread piece is separately attached to the hub, such as by stretching. A spring-biased pin is molded into the hub and the pin projects into the bore of an axle support. With the attachment of the wheel to an axle having a mating annular recess, the pin depresses and expands into the recess to permanently secure the wheel to the axle. The pin otherwise is not exposed to facilitate detachment o f the wheel . An all plastic wheel can provide a cost-effective alternative. However, all plastic wheels are generally not available that include an integral retainer. A blow-molded wheel that does include a retainer is shown at US patent 5,368,371. The retainer consists of annular tabs that extend into an axle bore and that mount to a grooved recess at a mating axle. The strength of the tabs can limit the type of applications to which such wheels are placed. The tabs are also prone to damage, if the wheels are removed. The present invention was developed to provide an improved blow-molded plastic wheel having an integral axle retainer. The wheel provides an externally accessible, spring biased retainer pin that is inserted into a blow-molded wheel. The retainer pin can mount in a discrete housing that is fitted to the wheel or a cavity formed into the wheel. In a preferred construction, the retainer pin radially projects from a pin retainer sleeve that is fitted to an axle sleeve. A bore and adjoining cavity at the wheel support the axle sleeve to provide a load-bearing surface for the axle and align the pin to the axle. The wheel also includes a tread surface that can be molded as part of the wheel or that can be separately attached to the wheel. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly a primary object of the invention to provide a blow-molded wheel with an integral axle retainer. It is a further object of the invention to provide a wheel having an axle retainer that indexes to a separately molded wheel and includes a pin and axle sleeve that extend transverse to one another. It is a further object of the invention to provide a wheel with an axle retainer pin that can be released from the axle after mounting. It is a further object of the invention to provide a retainer that can be mounted to the wheel prior to final cure. Several of the foregoing objects, advantages and distinctions of the invention are obtained in a presently preferred blow-molded wheel. The wheel is blow molded in conventional fashion and includes a cavity at one of the spokes that is shaped to accept a spring biased retainer. The cavity opens to an axle bore at the wheel. The retainer is set into the cavity immediately upon the wheel being withdrawn from the mold, while the plastic is warm. The plastic shrinks around the retainer as it cools and permanently secures the retainer to the wheel. The retainer includes a pin sleeve that supports a spring within a longitudinal bore. The spring biases the retainer pin to project into a longitudinal bore of an axle sleeve. The axle sleeve concentrically mounts within the axle bore. The bore of the axle sleeve acts as a bushing and provides a load-bearing surface for the axle. The bore of the axle sleeve extends transverse to the bore of the pin sleeve. An opening is provided through the walls of the pin sleeve to permit release of the pin from the axle. Still other objects, advantages, distinctions and constructions of the invention will become more apparent from the following description with respect to the appended drawings. Similar components and assemblies are referred to in the various drawings with similar alphanumeric reference characters. The description should not be literally construed in limitation of the invention. Rather, the invention should be interpreted within the broad scope of the further appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view shown in exploded assembly to a wheel constructed with a releasable axle retainer assembly. Figure 2 is a perspective view shown in partial cutaway to a blow-molded wheel having a tread piece mounted over the wheel and fitted with an axle retainer assembly. Figure 3 is a partial section view through the axle and retainer of Figure 1, when mounted together. Figure 4 is a front view of the retainer. Figure 5 is a rear view of the retainer. Figure 6 is a rear view of a retainer wherein the external surface is formed to enhance attachment to the blow-molded wheel. Figure 7 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and a retainer assembly shown in exploded assembly. Figure 8 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 7. Figure 9 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer assembly is formed to extend from the tread support surface. Figure 10 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 9. Figure 11 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer assembly is formed to extend from the tread support surface. Figure 12 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 9. Figure 13 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer sleeve extends from a raised web that lies parallel to a plane at the parting line of the wheel and with a groove at the box. Figure 14 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 13. Figure 15 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer sleeve having a two-stage bore extends from a raised web that lies parallel to a plane at the parting line of the wheel. Figure 16 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 15. Figure 17 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer sleeve having a two-stage bore extends from a raised web that lies parallel to a plane at the parting line of the wheel and between interrupted adjoining spokes. Figure 18 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 17. Figure 19 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer sleeve is formed to extend from the hub at an acute angle relative to a plane at the parting line of the wheel. Figure 20 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 19. Figure 21 is a front view of a blow-molded wheel and wherein a retainer sleeve is formed to extend at an acute angle relative to a plane at the parting line of the wheel from a raised platform at the web. Figure 22 is a rear view of the blow-molded wheel of Figure 21. Figure 23 is a cross section view through a wheel having a raised parting line that mounts to an aligned groove at a mating tread piece. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, views are shown to improved wheels 2 and 3 that are fitted with an axle retainer assembly 4. The wheels 2 and 3 are constructed from blow- molded plastic wheels 6 and 7. The wheels 6 and 7 each include a cavity 8 that receives an axle retainer assembly 4. A double-ended pin 10 of the assembly 4 aligns with and mounts to an annular groove 12 of an axle 14, reference Figure 3. The wheels 6 and 7 are blow-molded in conventional fashion and provide a hub 16 and from which a number of spokes 18 and intermediate flat webs 19 radiate to an annular box or rim 20. The wheel 6 includes a number of lugged treads 22. The treads 22 are molded into a surface 24 that engages the ground. A raised band 26 projects around the circumference of the wheel 6 and above the treads 22 at the center of the tread surface 24. A parting line defined by the molding operation extends around the center of the band 26. An accessory trim piece or whitewall 28 can be attached to an annular groove 30 that is formed into one or both exposed side wall faces of the box 20. The blow-molded wheel 3 of Figure 2 is substantially the same as the wheel 2, except a separately molded tread piece 5 is mounted to the box 20. A smooth, recessed surface 7 of the box 20 includes a flange 9 and to which the tread piece 5 is aligned. The tread piece 5 is molded from an ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) copolymer, although an EEA, EVA or LLDPE material, among other materials could be used. A number of lugged treads 11 are molded into the tread piece 5. The tread piece 5 is stretch fitted over the wheel 7 while warm. The density of the tread piece 5 is selected to provide a durable, Ion- wearing surface. The tread piece 5 also minimizes rolling sounds of the wheel 3 over certain surfaces and which sounds otherwise can be magnified due to the hollow cavity at the wheel 3. Returning attention to Figure 1, the cavity 8 is molded into one of the spokes 18. The cavity 8 opens at one end into an axle bore 29. An opposite end provides a closed wall 33. A housing 31 of the assembly 4 includes a pin sleeve 32 that mounts within the cavity 8. The pin 10 is supported within a bore 34 of the pin sleeve 32 and is biased to permit reciprocating movement in conjunction with a spring 36. The pin 10 projects through an aperture 38 of the bore 34, reference Figure 3, and into a longitudinal bore 40 of an axle sleeve 42 that extends transverse to the pin sleeve 32. The spring 36 abuts an end of the recess 33 at an open end of the pin sleeve 32. The bore 40 separately accepts the axle 14. The bore 40 provides a load-bearing surface for the axle 14. A cover 46 closes the end of the housing 31 and bore 40. The housing 31 is retained to the wheel 6 at the pin and axle sleeves 32 and 42. The transverse orientation of the pin and axle sleeves 32 and 42 to one another assures that the retainer assembly 4 does not loosen and rotate with the wheel 6. The retainer housing 31 can be bonded to the wheel 6. Presently it is secured through the shrinkage of the wheel material. If required, retention can be enhanced by forming the external walls of the retainer to include shaped surfaces such as described below in relation to Figures 6 and 7. With additional attention to Figures 3 and 4, an aperture 48 extends through a side wall of the axle sleeve 32 and is exposed at the wheel 6 to permit access to the pin 10. By inserting a tool through the aperture 48, a shoulder 47 of the pin 10 can be engaged and the pin 10 can be depressed to release one of a pair of ends 49 from the axle 14. The aperture 48 can be flashed over, such as in Figure 2, when molding the housing 31 to prevent casual access to the pin 10. Depending upon the application, the wheels 6 and 7 can be molded from a variety of types of plastic. The type of plastic and density of material can be varied to a particular application and the load and wear specifications for a particular wheel. The configuration and size of the wheels 6 and 7 can also be varied. The wheels 6 and 7 are presently molded from a high-density polyethylene material and each is constructed to a 12-inch diameter. A variety of other known materials can be used to equal advantage. The retainer housing 31 is molded from a material that is compatible to the wheel material. An HDPE material is presently used. Depending on the application, however, the housing 31 can be constructed from a variety of other materials including various metals and plastics. The pin 10 is constructed from metal. Various other materials can be used provided they are able to withstand anticipated wear at the axle 14. After extracting the wheel 6 from its mold and while the plastic is waπri, the retainer assembly 4 is fitted to the cavity 8 and the bore 31. As the wheel 6 cools, the material shrinks around the axle sleeves 32 and 42 to permanently mount the retainer assembly 4 to the wheel 6. Although not presently required, retention might be enhanced by shaping the external surfaces of the sleeves 32 and 42 to grip mating surfaces of the wheels 6 and 7. For example and with additional attention to Figure 6, a flat surface 50 and/or raised projections 52 and/or one or more recesses can be provided. Presently, a recessed groove 54 is included. The groove 54 separately aids in the extraction of the retainer housing 31 from an injection mold. The raised projections 52 can be formed as annular ribs or knurling. Figures 7 and 8 depict a front and rear view to a wheel 60 that is fitted with a retainer housing 62. The housing 62 supports a retainer pin and spring at a pin sleeve 63 in a fashion similar to the retainer assembly 4. A bore 65 (shown in dashed line) through an axle sleeve 67 supports an axle 14. A groove 64 extends around the exterior of the housing 62. Separately formed into the housing 62 are a groove 66 and raised projection 68 that extend approximately one-half the circumference of the housing 62. Also shown in dashed line is a raised band 70 that can be included or not and that can have a rounded exposed surface, like an O'ring, or a wedge or ramped shape. Appropriate provisioning of the exterior surface of the housing 62 with grooves 64, 66 and/or projections 68 and 70 facilitates retention of the housing in the wheel 60. Figures 9 through 12 show wheels 90 and 92 that are molded with integral retainer sleeves 94 and 96. Such a construction avoids the necessity of fitting a separate retainer housing to a finished wheel. The sleeves, however, require additional plastic and can increase the complexity of the mold and/or molding difficulty. The sleeves 94 and 96 extend from the hub 16 to the box 20 of the wheels 90 and 92 along webs 98 and 100. The webs 98 and 100 are vertically offset from the other webs 19. The sleeve 96 exhibits a larger outer diameter than the sleeve 94 and tapers inward slightly as it extends to the box 20. The sleeves 94 and 96 include longitudinal bores 95 and 97 that receive an appropriate retainer pin and spring. The bores 95 and 97 are accessed by drilling aligned holes 101 and 103 through the periphery of the box 20 and hub 16. The drilling operation is typically performed after molding the wheels 90 and 92. The tread piece 5 and/or a plug (not shown) cover and/or fill the holes 101 and 103. Figures 13 through 18 depict front and rear views of wheels 102, 104 and 106 that include retainer sleeves 108, 110 and 112 that are molded to avoid having to drill holes through the box 20 to facilitate mounting an axle retainer pin and/or spring. The retainer sleeves 108, 110 and 112 are molded into webs 114, 116 and 118 that are elevated above the webs 19 between the other spokes 18. The elevation of the webs 114, 116 and 118 is determined relative to the necessary boring operations. The web 118 also includes a slight recess 119 that is visible at Figure 18. Aligned grooves 120, 122 and 124 are molded into the box 20 of the wheels 102, 104 and 106 to facilitate forming the bores 126, 128 and 130 of the retainer sleeves 108, 110 and 112. The grooves 120, 122 and 124 are shown exposed, although are normally substantially covered by the tread piece 15. The bores 128 and 130 are formed with two differing internal diameters that define an internal shoulder that limits the movement of the retainer pin. Upon fitting an appropriate retainer pin and bias spring mechanism into the retainer sleeves 94, 96, 108, 110 and 112, an end cap is secured to the sleeves. A threaded end cap is typically used, although a variety of other plugs can be substituted, provided they securely retain the retainer pin in the pin sleeve. Two other alternative wheels 132 and 134 are shown at Figures 19 through 22. The wheels 132 and 134 include retainer sleeves 136 and 138 that extend at acute angles relative to a plane that contains the parting line of each wheel. The sleeves extend along webs 140 and 142. The web 140 extends from the hub 16 at a continuous slope. The web 142, in contrast, provides an elevated interior portion 144 that is raised above an outer portion 146. Bores 148 and 150 extend through the sleeves 136 and 138. Upon drilling the sleeves, fitting appropriate retainer pins and springs, a threaded end capl52 is secured to each sleeve. Figure 23 lastly depicts a cross section view to the mounting of an alternative tread piece 160 to a blow-molded wheel 162. The wheel 162 is essentially similar to the wheel 3, except that it includes a raised projection 164 at the parting line of the wheel 162. The wheel 162 can be adapted to include any of the foregoing axle retainers or not, as desired. The projection 162 mounts within a slot 166 molded into the tread piece 160. The mating of the slot 166 to the projection 164 stabilizes the tread piece 160 against lateral slippage and minimizes possible tread separation. In most instances, the annular flanges 9 are sufficient to prevent tread separation. Although a single, continuous projection 162 is shown, multiple adjacent projections 162 can be provided at the periphery of the blow-molded wheel 162. The projections 162 can also be constructed to be discontinuous. The projections can exhibit rounded, ramped, or other contour shapes, when viewed in side profile, such as the projections 52 and 68. While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred construction and considered improvements or alternatives thereto, still other constructions may be suggested to those skilled in the art. Although certain features are also shown at particular wheels, it is also to be appreciated the features can be included alone or in other combinations in other of the disclosed wheels. The foregoing description should therefore be construed to include all those embodiments within the spirit and scope of the following claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A molded plastic wheel adapted to mount to an axle, comprising: a) an annular body having a bore that receives the axle and including a tread surface, wherein a plurality of spokes are radially disposed between the bore and tread surface and wherein one of said spokes includes a recessed cavity that communicates with the bore; and b) retainer means mounted in the cavity for securing the wheel to the axle and wherein a retainer housing includes 1) a pin mounted to project from the housing and 2) means for biasing the pin for reciprocating movement relative to the housing and for coupling to the axle. 2. A wheel as set forth in claim 1 wherein the wheel is blow-molded and wherein the retainer housing includes a tubular pin sleeve that contains the pin and a spring that biases the pin to project into the bore. 3. A wheel as set forth in claim 2 wherein the retainer housing includes a tubular axle sleeve that extends transverse to the pin sleeve, wherein the axle sleeve mounts in the bore and wherein the pin projects through an aperture that communicates with an axle bore of the axle sleeve. 4. A wheel as set forth in claim 3 wherein an aperture at the pin sleeve is exposed at the wheel to permit access to the pin, whereby the pin can be manipulated to detach the wheel from the axle. 5. A wheel as set forth in claim 3 wherein an external surface of the retainer housing includes a plurality of raised proj ections. 6. A wheel as set forth in claim 3 wherein an external surface of the retainer housing includes a plurality of recesses. 7. A wheel as set forth in claim 3 wherein an external surface of the retainer housing includes at least one flat surface. 8. A wheel as set forth in claim 1 wherein the retainer housing includes a tubular pin sleeve that contains the pin and a spring that biases the pin for reciprocating movement, wherein a tubular axle sleeve extends transverse to the pin sleeve, wherein the axle sleeve mounts in the bore and wherein the pin projects through an aperture that communicates with an axle bore of the axle sleeve and wherein an aperture at the pin sleeve is exposed to permit access to the pin, whereby the pin can be manipulated to detach the wheel from the axle. 9. A wheel as set forth in claim 1 wherein a separately molded tread piece is mounted to the body. 10. A molded plastic wheel adapted to mount to an axle, comprising: a) a blow molded wheel having a bore and a tread surface, wherein a recessed cavity is disposed between the bore and tread surface that communicates with the bore; and b) retainer means for securing the wheel to the axle including a pin and means for biasing the pin for reciprocating movement within the wheel and to project into the bore and for coupling to the axle. 11. A wheel as set forth in claim 10 wherein a housing is mounted to the cavity that includes a tubular pin sleeve that contains the pin and a spring that biases the pin, wherein a tubular axle sleeve extends transverse to the pin sleeve, wherein the axle sleeve mounts in the bore and wherein the pin projects through an aperture that communicates with an axle bore of the axle sleeve 12. A wheel as set forth in claim 11 wherein an aperture at the pin sleeve is exposed at the wheel to permit access to the pin, whereby the pin can be manipulated to detach the wheel from the axle. 13. A wheel as set forth in claim 11 wherein external surfaces of the housing include means for bonding the housing to the cavity. 14. A method for constructing a self retaining wheel, comprising: a) blow molding a wheel having a bore and a tread surface and wherein a recessed cavity is disposed between the bore and tread surface that communicates with the bore; b) extracting the wheel from a mold and, while the wheel is warm, fitting a retainer housing to the cavity that includes a pin and means for biasing the pin for reciprocating movement to project into the bore and for coupling to the axle; and c) permitting the wheel to cool and the plastic material to shrink around the retainer housing to secure the retainer housing to the wheel. 15. A molded plastic wheel adapted to mount to an axle, comprising: a) an annular body having an axle bore and including a rolling surface and wherein a plurality of spokes radially extend between the axle bore and said rolling surface; and b) a retainer housing mounted to said body to define said axle bore and wherein a pin is mounted to project from the retainer housing into said axle bore. 16. A wheel as set forth in claim 15 wherein the wheel is blow-molded and said body includes a plurality of hollow cavities, wherein the retainer housing includes a first bore that defines the axle bore, and wherein the retainer housing includes a second bore that extends transverse to the first bore and supports said pin and a spring mounted to bias said pin for reciprocating movement relative to said first bore. 17. A wheel as set forth in claim 16 wherein the retainer housing comprises a cylindrical axle sleeve and through which said first bore extends and wherein said second bore extends orthogonal to said first bore. 18. A wheel as set forth in claim 15 wherein said body includes a hub from which hub said spokes radiate, wherein the retainer housing comprises a tubular axle sleeve having a first bore that defines said axle bore, and wherein the retainer housing includes a second bore that extends transverse to the first bore and supports said pin and a spring mounted to bias said pin for reciprocating movement relative to said first bore. 19. A wheel as set forth in claim 15 wherein said rolling surface is defined by a separately molded tread piece that is mounted to the body. 20. A molded plastic wheel adapted to mount to an axle, comprising an annular body that is blow molded from a first material and includes a plurality of hollow cavities, a hub having an axle bore, and a plurality of spokes that radially extend from the hub to a box, and wherein a tread piece that is separately molded from a second material having a density different from the first material is mounted over said box to define a rolling surface.

Inventors: MARKLING FLOYD F, MARKLING, FLOYD, F.
Applicants: MARKLING FLOYD F, MARKLING, FLOYD, F.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B60B37
IPC codes: B60B5, B60B37