Polyamide film and polyamide laminate film

Abstract: A polyamide film satisfying (a) a haze value of not more than 5.0%, (b) a coefficient of kinetic friction (A) of not more than 1.0 under 50% humidity, the coefficient (A) being measured with regard to friction between the same two polyamide films, and (c) a ratio of coefficients of kinetic friction (B)/(A) of not more than 1.5, the (B) being a coefficient of kinetic fiction at 65% humidity; a biaxially oriented polyamide film showing an average dimensional change of not more than 3.0% and a difference between the smallest dimensional change and the largest dimensional change of not more than 2.0%, between before immersion in hot water at 95°C and during the immersion, and an average dimensional change of not more than 4.0% and a difference between the smallest dimensional change and the largest dimensional change of not more than 2.0%, between the film without treatment and the film after withdrawal from said hot water; and a polyamide laminate film containing the film as a substrate layer. The films afforded by the present invention have superior properties and are industrially advantageous in abroad range of applications.

Description: The present invention relates to a polyamide film (inclusive of sheet, hereinafter the same throughout this specification) having superior transparency, resistance to fatigue from flexing and slip characteristic, particularly such film superior in slip characteristic under high humidity. More particularly, the present invention relates to a polyamide laminate film superior in properties of a wrapping film for fresh food, processed food, pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, electronic parts, such as gas barrier property and moisture-proof property, and showing superior transparency and handling property. Polyamide films have been conventionally used for a broad range of applications inclusive of wrapping purpose, because they are superior in e.g. mechanical properties (e.g., tenacity and flexing resistance) , optical property, thermal property and gas barrier property. On the other hand, conventional polyamide films are associated with problems in that they show high moisture absorption resulting from the property of the polyamide resin itself, which in practice results in lower slip characteristic and extremely degraded handling property due to an increased contact area by moisture absorption when in use in a highly humid environment. To overcome such problems, a method for decreasing the coefficient of friction between films or that between a film and a material in contact with the film has been studied. To be specific, inorganic fine particles inert to polyamide are contained in a polyamide film to decrease the coefficient of friction of the film surface, or a method comprising addition of an organic surface lubricant has been employed. The above-mentioned conventional methods suffer from a problem in that greater amounts of inorganic fine particles added to minimize the coefficient of friction cause lower transparency of the polyamide resin film. The above-mentioned coefficient of friction and the transparency of the film are in an ambivalent relationship, and a polyamide resin film having both properties of fine slip characteristic and transparency has been unattainable. Particularly, a polyamide resin film satisfying the transparency and slip characteristic under high humidity has been unattainable. From the practical view, the use of an organic surface lubricant lowers the surface energy of the film and enhances slip characteristic. However, adhesiveness in printing or laminating on the film surface also becomes lower and the amount of the organic lubricant to be added cannot be increased in view of the practical aspect of the film. In accordance with the varying food distribution systems and dietary habits in recent years, the food packaging style and mode have been strikingly changing, which in turn has created an increasing demand toward high quality wrapping films. A degraded quality of a product, which is caused by temperature, moisture, oxygen, ultraviolet rays, microorganisms such as bacteria and mold, during distribution and sales, leads to serious problems of loss of sales and insufficient food hygiene. Such degradation of quality has been conventionally supressed by adding an antioxidant or a preservative directly to food. In view of increasing levels of strict regulation imposed on food additives for the protection of consumers, however, decrease in the amount to be added or elimination of addition itself has been demanded. Under the circumstances, a demand has been rising toward a wrapping film having smaller vapor and moisture permeabilities and which does not degrade food value due to freezing, boiling treatment or retort treatment. To be specific, when wrapping e.g. fish meat, meat or shellfish, oxidation and spoilage of protein, fats and oils need to be inhibited but taste and freshness need to be retained. This requirement is met by cutting off air permeation by the use of a wrapping material having superior gas barrier property. In addition, gas barrier film used for wrapping food contributes to the retention of flavor of the content and inhibition of moisture permeation. As a result, dry food is not deteriorated by the absorption of moisture and water-containing food is not spoiled or solidified by the evaporation of moisture, thus enabling retention of fresh flavor present at the time of wrapping for an extended period of time. For the above-mentioned reasons, it is considered extremely important that a wrapping film used for, for example, food made from boiled fish paste such as boiled fish sausage, daily products such as butter and cheese, fermented soybean paste, tea, coffee, ham and sausage, instant food, confectionery such as castella and biscuit, should have gas barrier property and moisture-proof property. These properties are not required only of a film for wrapping food. They are significantly important for a film used for wrapping medical products that require handling in a sterilized state and electronic parts that require rust-proof property. As a film having superior gas barrier property, there have been known, for example, a film wherein a metal foil such as an aluminum foil is laminated on a plastic film, and a film having a coating of vinylidene chloride or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. In addition, as a film utilizing an inorganic thin film, a laminate having a vapor deposition layer of e. g. silicon oxide or aluminum oxide has been known. In practice, a sealant layer may be formed by dry laminating on a printing layer or an adhesive. Alternatively, a sealant layer is formed by extrusion laminating to give a polyamide laminate film and this laminate film is used, for example, to prepare a bag. After packing the bag, the opening is heat sealed, whereby seasoning such as fermented soybean paste and soy sauce, water-containing food such as soup and retort food, and pharmaceutical products in package bags have been supplied to general consumers. The above-mentioned conventional gas barrier films each have the following problems. A laminate having an aluminum foil as a gas barrier layer is superior in economic aspect and gas barrier property, but it is associated with a problem in that opacity thereof hides contents after wrapping and that it cannot be cooked in a microwave oven, since the film does not pass microwaves. A film coated with vinylidene chloride or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer has insufficient gas barrier property against e.g. water vapor and oxygen, and shows marked degradation of the property by a high temperature treatment. The film coated with vinylidene chloride generates chlorine gas on incineration, and may cause air pollution. Thus, a resin film has been proposed that has an inorganic vapor deposition layer of e.g. silicon oxide or aluminum oxide as a gas barrier layer. As the base film on which e.g. silicon oxide or aluminum oxide can be vapor-deposited, a polyester film (PET) superior in dimensional stability has been conventionally used. It typically has a structure of a laminate of PET/vapor deposition layer/adhesive layer/PET/adhesive layer/unoriented polypropylene (CPP). Such laminate film has insufficient strength to stand a fall impact. In the case of a laminate film of PET/vapor deposition layer/adhesive layer/oriented nylon (ONY)/adhesive layer/unoriented polypropylene (CPP), the property of nylon to shrink causes degradation of gas barrier property after boiling treatment and retort treatment Therefore, JP-A-276571/1995 proposes a laminate film using nylon having lower shrinkage percentage upon high temperature hot water treatment This film comprises more number of films to be laminated. Consequently, the film-forming step and process for transport and storage become complicated to make the film economically disadvantageous, and the greater film thickness makes the handling of the film difficult. Thus, the film is impractical. Meanwhile, a gas barrier film comprising a nylon film as a substrate to be used for deposition has been considered, but the nylon film shows greater dimensional change due to moisture absorption and heating, which makes barrier property unstable. Therefore, the film problematically has degraded gas barrier property particularly after boiling treatment and retort treatment. To improve gas barrier property, therefore, JP-B-12649/1995 proposes a laminate film comprising an oriented nylon, which has been heated to decrease shrinkage, as a substrate to be used for deposition. The film is again impractical, because film-forming step and process for transport and storage become complicated. Even if nylon has lower shrinkage percentage upon high temperature treatment (for instance, the total of respective absolute values of dimensional changes in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction by heating at 120°C for 5 minutes is not more than 2% in JP-B-12649/1995), the superior gas barrier property cannot be maintained through boiling treatment using high temperature hot water. When a nylon film is used as a substrate for vapor deposition and water invades in between the nylon film and the vapor deposition layer, the adhesion between the layers decreases strikingly, and the lower adhesion may lead to the breakage of bag when it is used as a packaging bag, as well as inferior gas barrier property. The gas barrier laminate film having an inorganic vapor deposition layer of e.g. silicon oxide or aluminum oxide does not necessarily have sufficient strength of the structure, but rather, is associated with degradation of gas barrier property upon boiling treatment and retort treatment. Besides these, a gas barrier film has been proposed in JP-B-48511/1976, which is transparent to allow visual observation of the content and which is microwavable, wherein Si x O y (e.g., SiO 2 ) is vapor-deposited on the surface of a synthetic resin substrate. However, the SiO x (x=1.3 - 1.8) vapor deposition layer having superior gas barrier property is somewhat brown, which is unsatisfactory as a transparent gas barrier film. JP-A-101428/1987 discloses a film having an inorganic vapor deposition layer mainly comprising aluminum oxide, but this film has insufficient gas barrier property and poor flexing resistance. An Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 gas barrier layer having boiling resistance and retort resistance has been proposed in JP-A-194944/1990. This film requires complicated steps of forming the gas barrier layer due to the lamination of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , as well as bulky apparatus therefor. Moreover, such film having an inorganic thin film layer as a gas barrier layer is still insufficient from the aspect of the coexistence of gas barrier property and flexing resistance. In other words, superior boiling resistance and retort resistance need a certain film thickness (e.g., approximately not less than 2×10 -7 m (2,000Å)) but greater film thickness leads to low flexing resistance that does not stand a fall impact. As such, there has not been proposed a gas barrier film having sufficient gas barrier property, moisture-proof property, boiling resistance, retort resistance, flexing resistance and resistance to a fall impact. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a polyamide film having superior transparency, resistance to fatigue from flexing and fine slip characteristic, that is particularly superior in slip characteristic under high humidity, and that resolves the problems of the above-mentioned conventional polyamide resin film. Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyamide laminate film superior in gas barrier property before and after boiling treatment, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing when it is used as a gas barrier film upon formation of an inorganic vapor deposition layer. Such object can be achieved by the following present invention. Accordingly, the present invention provides the following. [1] A polyamide film satisfying the following (a) to (c): (a) a haze value of not more than 5.0%, (b) a coefficient of kinetic friction (A) of not more than 1.0 under 50% humidity, the coefficient (A) being measured with regard to friction between the same two polyamide films, and (c)a ratio of coefficients of kinetic friction (B)/(A) of not more than 1.5, (B) being a coefficient of kinetic friction at 65% humidity, wherein the film comprises a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a) except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, in a proportion of 90 - 4 parts by weight, an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of 0 - 95.8 parts by weight and an improver of resistance to fatigue from flexing (Z) in a proportion of 0.2 - 10 parts by weight and wherein the film further comprises inorganic and/or organic fine particles having an average particle size of 0.5 - 5.0 µm in a proportion of 0.05 - 1.0 part by weight relative to the total amount of the resin. [2] The polyamide film of [1], wherein the film has not more than 20 pinholes in a 17,78 cm (7-inch) square at 25°C after a fatigue test involving 1000 times of flexing. [3] The polyamide film of [1], wherein the film comprises a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a) except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, or the film comprises X in a proportion of not less than 5 parts by weight and an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of not more than 95 parts by weight. [4] A polyamide laminate film comprising the polyamide film of any of [1] - [3] and an inorganic vapor deposition layer formed at least on one side of the film. The polyamide film of the present invention has a haze value of hot more than 5.0% and a coefficient of kinetic friction (A), as measured with regard to the friction between the same two polyamide films, of not more than 1.0 under 50% humidity, and a ratio (B)/(A) wherein (B) is a coefficient of kinetic friction under 65% humidity, of not more than 1.5. The film preferably has not more than 20 pinholes in a 17,78 cm (7-inch) square at 25°C after a fatigue test involving 1000 times of flexing. The polyamide film of the present invention comprises a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a), except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, or the film comprises X in a proportion of not less than 5 parts by weight and an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of not more than 95 parts by weight The upper limit of (a) in the aforementioned X is 90 mol%, preferably 80 mol%. The (b) in X is preferably an aliphatic polyamide resin. More preferably, the film comprises the aforementioned X in 90 - 4 parts by weight, the aforementioned Y in 0 - 95.8 parts by weight and an improver of resistance to fatigue from flexing (Z) in 0.2 - 10 parts by weight. The aromatic polyamide to be used in the present invention comprises at least one of aromatic dicarboxylic acid (e.g., terephthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid), and aromatic diamine (e.g., phenylenediamine, xylylenediamine) as a constituent component of polyamide, wherein dicarboxylic acid and diamine may be aromatic dicarboxylic acid and aromatic diamine, respectively, or one of dicarboxylic acid and diamine is aromatic dicarboxylic acid or aromatic diamine, which may be combined with aliphatic diamine or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. Preferably, the aromatic polyamide comprises terephthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, or adipic acid and meta-xylylenediamine. The aliphatic polyamide resin to be used in the present invention is exemplified by nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66, nylon 612, nylon 46, copolymers thereof and blends thereof, with preference given to nylon 6 and nylon 66. The improver of resistance to fatigue from flexing to be used in the present invention is exemplified by block polyester amide, block polyether amide, elastomers such as polyether-ester amide elastomer, polyester elastomer, modified ethylenepropylene rubber and modified acrylic rubber, and ethylene/acrylate copolymer. The polyamide film of the present invention contains inorganic and/or organic particles having an average particle size of 0.5 - 5.0 µm, preferably 1.0 - 4.0 µm, in a proportion of 0.05 - 1.0 part by weight, preferably 0.15 - 0.7 part by weight, of the total amount of the resin. When the average particle size is less than 0.5 µm, sufficient fine slip characteristic cannot be imparted. When it exceeds 5.0 µm, transparency becomes poor and halftone printability is impaired. When the content is less than 0.05 part by weight, fine slip characteristic becomes unattainable, whereas when it exceeds 1.0 part by weight, the polyamide film has poor transparency. The inorganic fine particle to be used is exemplified by silica particle, alumina particle and calcium carbonate particle, and examples of the organic particle include crosslinked acrylic particle and crosslinked polystyrene particle. In the present invention, the fine particle may be of one kind or a combination of two or more kinds. In addition, inorganic particles and organic particles may be used in combination. The use of two or more kinds of particles is preferable for balancing transparency and fine slip characteristic. The polyamide film of the present invention has a haze value of not more than 5.0% and a coefficient of kinetic friction (A), as measured with regard to friction between the same two polyamide films, of not more than 1.0 under 50% humidity, and a ratio (B)/(A) wherein (B) is a coefficient of kinetic friction under 65% humidity, of not more than 1.5. The polyamide film of the present invention is free of increase in contact area due to moisture absorption even in use in a high humidity environment. Consequently, degradation of slip characteristics can be prevented and the film has a significantly improved handling property and workability during processing. The polyamide film of the present invention may be a single layer film or a multilayer film. The polyamide film of the present invention may contain various additives as long as the object and property of the film are not impaired. For example, stabilizer, such as antioxidant and light-resistant agent, blocking resistant, anti-gelling agent, lubricant, organic lubricant, pigment, antistatic agent and surfactant can be added. The inventive polyamide film can be formed by a known film forming method. Examples of the film-forming method include T-die method and inflation technique. The polyamide film of the present invention can have a polymer layer on the film surface to impart printability and adhesive property upon corona discharge treatment, plasma spray treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment or flame treatment, or by coating. In addition, an inorganic layer may be deposited to enhance gas barrier property. Further, a different kind of a resin film such as polyethylene can be laminated on the polyamide film and used as a packaging bag. The polyamide film of the present invention has an inorganic vapor deposition layer at least on one side thereof to give a gas barrier film having superior gas barrier property even after retort treatment. Accordingly, the polyamide laminate film of the present invention is exemplified by the following. A polyamide laminate film comprising a polyamide film as defined above and an inorganic vapor deposition layer formed at least on one side of the film. Inorganic Vapor Deposition Layer The inorganic vapor deposition layer constituting the gas barrier layer is exemplified by silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and mixtures thereof. By silicon oxide is meant mixtures of various silicon oxides such as SiO and SiO 2 , and by aluminum oxide is meant mixtures of various aluminum oxides such as AlO and Al 2 O 3 . The binding amount of oxygen in each oxide varies depending on the preparation conditions. Particularly, a mixture of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide is superior in transparency and flexing resistance, so that it is preferable as a gas barrier layer of the present invention. Further, a mixture of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide having an aluminum oxide content of 5 - 45 wt% in the gas barries layer is preferable. When the aluminum oxide content of the silicon oxide/aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer is less than 5 wt%, lattice mismatch occurs in the vapor deposition layer, and sufficient gas barrier property cannot be obtained. When the silicon oxide/aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer has an aluminum oxide content of over 45 wt%, the layer has less flexibility, causing frequent breakage of layer (crack and peeling off) due to dimensional changes during hot water treatment, and lower barrier property, which is contrary to the object of the present invention. The more preferable aluminum oxide percentage is 10 - 35 wt%, more preferably 15 - 25 wt%. The aforementioned silicon oxide/aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer can contain small amounts (up to 3 wt%) of other oxide as long as the property of the layer is not impaired. The thickness of the aforementioned gas barrier layer comprising silicon oxide and aluminum oxide is generally 1×10 -9 m - 5×10 -7 m (10 - 5,000 Å), preferably 5×10 -9 m - 2×10 -7 m (50 - 2,000 Å). When the thickness is less than 1×10 -9 m (10Å), sufficient gas barrier property may not be obtained. Conversely, when it exceeds 5×10 -7 m (5,000 Å), the effect is not parallel to the thickness but causes lower flexibility and higher production cost. The aforementioned silicon oxide/aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer can be formed by a known method, such as physical vapor deposition (e.g., vacuum deposition, sputtering and ion plating), and chemical deposition (e.g., CVD). In the vacuum deposition, the material to be deposited includes a mixture of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and a mixture of SiO 2 and Al. The heating method includes, for example, resistance heating, induction heating and electron beam heating. As the reaction gas, exemplified are oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and water vapor. In addition, reactive deposition by the addition of ozone and ion assisting may be used. Furthermore, the film forming conditions can be optionally modified; for example, a bias may be added to the substrate or the substrate may be heated or cooled. The aforementioned deposition material, reaction gas, bias loading, heating and cooling can be modified as in the sputtering method and CVD method. It is also effective to apply corona treatment, flame treatment, low temperature plasma spray treatment, glow discharge treatment, reverse sputtering treatment and surface roughening treatment to the surface of the polyamide film to be the substrate layer before vapor deposition or during vapor deposition, to improve adhesion strength of the vapor deposition layer. The above-mentioned composition of the silicon oxide/aluminum oxide layer enables provision of a transparent gas barrier film having superior property that makes the film stand boiling treatment and gelbo flex test (flexing resistance test). The gas barrier property of the polyamide laminate film of the present invention varies depending on the adhesion strength between the polyamide film to be the substrate layer and the aforementioned gas barrier layer, wherein the greater adhesion strength shows more improved gas barrier property. To achieve superior gas barrier property and to maintain the superior gas barrier property after boiling treatment, the adhesion strength after boiling treatment should be set to not less than 100 g/ 15 mm. More preferably, the adhesion strength is not less than 150 g/15 mm, more preferably not less than 200 g/15 mm, still more preferably not less than 250 g/ 15 mm. When the adhesion strength is less than 100 g/15 mm, the gas barrier property may be degraded by boiling treatment. This is because greater adhesion strength prevents occurrence of peeling off of the inorganic vapor deposition layer even when the deposition substrate has somewhat shrunk due to boiling treatment or retort treatment. To achieve superior adhesion strength, corona treatment, plasma spray treatment, glow discharge treatment, reverse sputtering treatment or surface roughening treatment is applied to the surface of the polyamide film to be the substrate layer of the inorganic vapor deposition layer, or an anchor coat layer is formed on the polyamide film, or other method is employed. However, the method is not limited to those exemplified. Anchor Coat Layer The polyamide laminate film of the present invention preferably comprises an anchor coat layer between the aforementioned polyamide film and an inorganic vapor deposition layer to increase adhesion strength. The preferable anchor coat agent to be used includes reactive polyester resin, oil modified alkyd resin, urethane modified alkyd resin, melamine modified alkyd resin, epoxy cured acrylic resin, epoxy resin (cured by amine, carboxyl terminal polyester, phenol, or isocyanate), isocyanate resin (cured by amine, urea, carboxylic acid), urethane-polyester resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, reactive acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin and vinyl chloride resin, and copolymers thereof. These can be used as a water-soluble or water dispersible aqueous resin. It is also effective to use an inorganic anchor coat agent, such as a silane coupling agent, as the anchor coat agent. The aforementioned anchor coat layer can be formed by an in-line method comprising coating during production of a polyamide film, or an off-line method comprising coating in a separate step other than that of the film production. The coating is performed by a known method. For example, roll coating method, reverse coating method, roll brush method, spray coating method, air knife coating method, gravure coating method, impregnation method and curtain coating can be used. For improved adhesion strength between the substrate layer and inorganic vapor deposition layer by the formation of the anchor coat layer, the use of an aqueous polyester resin is preferable in view of cost and hygiene. Such polyester resin can be obtained by condensation polymerization of dicarboxylic acid or tricarboxylic acid and glycol. The components to be used for condensation polymerization include, but not limited to, acid component such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid and trimellitic acid, and glycol component such as ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, butanediol, ethylene glycol and modified bisphenol A. This polyester resin may be obtained by graft copolymerization of an acrylic monomer. The anchor coat layer preferably has a thickness of 0.01 - 10 µm, more preferably 0.02 - 5 µm. When the thickness is less than 0.02 µm, the adhesion strength may not be sufficiently improved, and an excess thickness over 5 µm also results in a failure to improve adhesive property and is economically disadvantageous. Polyamide Film The polyamide film to be the substrate layer of the polyamide laminate film of the present invention includes the following. [1] A polyamide film satisfying the following (a) to (c): (a) a haze value of not more than 5.0%, (b) a coefficient of kinetic friction (A) of not more than 1.0 under 50% humidity, the coefficient (A) being measured with regard to friction between the same two polyamide films, and (c)a ratio of coefficients of kinetic friction (B)/(A) of not more than 1.5, the (B) being a coefficient of kinetic friction at 65% humidity, wherein the film comprises of a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a) except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, in a proportion of 90 - 4 parts by weight, an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of 0 - 95.8 parts by weight and an improver of resistance to fatigue from flexing (Z) in a proportion of 0.2 - 10 parts by weight, and wherein the film further comprises inorganic and/or organic fine particles having an average particle size of 0.5-5.0 µm in a proportion of 0.05 - 1.0 part by weight relative to the total amount of the resin. [2] The polyamide film of [1], wherein the film has not more than 20 pinholes in a 17,78 cm (7-inch) square at 25°C after a fatigue test involving 1000 times of flexing. [3] The polyamide film of [1], wherein the film comprises a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a) except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, or the film comprises X in a proportion of not less than 5 parts by weight and an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of not more than 95 parts by weight. Sealant Layer In the above-mentioned biaxially oriented polyamide laminate film, a sealant layer (heat sealing layer) made from a polyolefin resin is preferably formed to impart thermal adhesive property to the surface of the inorganic vapor deposition layer. By adhering the sealant layers by heat sealing, the biaxially oriented polyamide laminate film can be processed into a bag for use as a packaging material. The polyolefin resin constituting the sealant layer is not necessarily a monolayer but may have a multilayer structure. The resin constituting each layer of the multilayer structure may be a combination of the same resins, or may be a laminate of a copolymer of heterologous polymers, a modified product, a blend and the like. For superior laminating property and higher heat sealing property, for example, a polymer having a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) or lower melting point than that of a base thermoplastic polyolefin resin may be used, or to impart heat resistance, a polymer having higher Tg or melting point than that of a base thermoplastic polyolefin resin can be added. The above-mentioned polyolefin resin may comprise, where necessary, various additives, such as plasticizers, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, colorant, fillers, antistatic agents, antimicrobial agents, lubricants and blocking resistants. In addition, the aforementioned polyolefin resin can be formed on an inorganic vapor deposition layer as a sealant layer by dry laminating or wet laminating using an adhesive, melt extrusion laminating and coextrusion laminating. Adhesive Layer The aforementioned sealant layer also functions as a protecting layer of the inorganic vapor deposition layer. An increased adhesion strength between the inorganic vapor deposition layer and sealant layer is extremely effective for efficient exercise of the function. For this end, the above-mentioned biaxially oriented polyamide laminate film preferably has an adhesive layer between the inorganic vapor deposition layer and sealant layer. The resin constituting the adhesive layer is particularly preferably a resin having a glass transition temperatune of -10°C - 40°C, such as polyurethane resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, melamine resin and acrylic resin, which may be used alone or in combination upon melt mixing. It is also effective to use an adhesive composition containing a compound having a functional group such as a carboxylic acid group, acid anhydride, (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate ester skeleton; an epoxy compound having a glyadyl group or glycidyl ether group; and/or a curing agent or cure accelerator having a reactive functional group such as oxazoline group, isocyanate group, amino group and hydroxyl group. Paper, aluminum foil, wood, cloth, nonwoven fabric, a printing layer or a printing film can be laminated on the polyamide laminate film of the present invention, where necessary, besides the above-mentioned each layer component. The polyamide laminate film of the present invention can be used as a wrapping material for fermented soybean paste, pickles, side dish, baby food, shellfish boiled in sweetened soy sauce, konnyaku , tubular roll of boiled fish paste, boiled fish paste, processed marine products, processed meat products (e.g., meatball, hamburger steak, Mongolian mutton barbecue, ham, sausage and others), green tea, coffee, black tea, dried bonito, tangle flakes, oil confectionery (e.g., potato chips and butter peanut), rice crackers, biscuit, cookie, cake, steamed bun, castella , cheese, butter, cut rice cake, soup, sauce, noodle and wasabi or tooth paste, in view of its superior gas barrier property, gas barrier retention after boiling treatment and retort treatment and superior secondary processing property. In addition, it can be used as an industrial packaging material for pet food, agricultural chemical, fertilizer, fusion pack, semiconductor, precious products, medical, electronic, chemical and machinery products. The form of the wrapping material is free of particular limitation and can be used widely in the form of a bag, lid, cup, tube or standing bag. The present invention is explained in detail by illustrative Examples, to which the present invention is not limited in any way. The present invention encompasses any modification, change or alteration as long as it is within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The measurement of the properties referred to in the present specification followed the measurement methods below. (1) Haze value According to JIS-K6714, haze value was measured using a haze tester manufactured by TOYO SEIKI, CO., LTD. (2) Coefficient of kinetic friction The coefficient of kinetic friction between the surfaces of two films free of treatment with surfactant was measured under 50% RH or 65% RH according to ASTM-D-1894. (3) Resistance to fatigue from flexing: The resistance to fatigue from flexing (hereinafter gelbo flex test) was tested using a gelbo flex tester manufactured by RIGAKU KOGYO, CO., LID. and evaluated in the following manner. (3)-1: Examples 1 - 4, Comparative Examples 1 and 2: A film was fixed with one side thereof attached to the fixed head side (diameter 8,89 cm (3.5 inches)) and the other side attached to the movable head side, and the initial holding intervals were set to 17,78 cm (7 inches). Flexing fatigue, created by twisting 440 degrees for the first 8,89 cm (3.5 inches) of the stroke, and finishing the entire stroke in the subsequent 6,35 cm (2.5 inches) by linear horizontal movement, was applied 1000 times at a rate of 40 times/min. The film was removed, placed on a white board, a solution obtained by diluting Methylene Blue with ethanol was applied to the film surface, the film was removed and the number of the spots of the aforementioned solution passed through the pinholes in the film onto the 17,78 cm (7-inch) square paper board was macroscopically evaluated. The evaluation was performed at 25°C. Polyamide Film Example 1 Nylon 6 (90.6 parts by weight), a nylon 6T/nylon 6 copolymer (4 parts by weight, copolymerization molar ratio 50/50), a polylaurolactam/polyether copolymer (5 parts by weight, manufactured by DAICEL-HÜLS CO., LTD, DAIAMID®) and porous silica (0.4 part by weight, average particle size 1.6 µm) were melt extruded from a T-die, and cooled on a rotary drum at 20°C to give a 180 µm thick unoriented polyamide film. This unoriented film was drawn at a ratio of 3.0 times the original at 50°C in the longitudinal direction. Then, the film was drawn at a ratio of 4.0 times the original at 125°C in the transverse direction and thermally set at 215°C to give a 15 µm thick biaxially oriented film. This film was superior in slip characteristic, transparency, resistance to fatigue from flexing, printing property and adhesive property. The property values showing fine slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing are shown in Table 1. Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, nylon 6 (69.8 parts by weight), a nylon 6T/nylon 6 copolymer (25 parts by weight, copolymerization molar ratio 50/50), a polylaurolactam/polyether copolymer (5 parts by weight) and porous silica (0.2 part by weight, average particle size 1.6 µm) were melt extruded from a T-die, and cooled on a rotary drum at 20°C to give a 180 µm thick unoriented polyamide film. This unoriented film was stretched at a ratio of 3.0 times the original at 70°C in the longitudinal direction. Then, the film was drawn at a ratio of 4.0 times the original at 125°C in the transverse direction and thermally set at 215°C to give a 15 µm thick biaxially oriented film. This film was superior in slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing. The property values showing fine slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing are shown in Table 1. Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, nylon 6 (44.8 parts by weight), a nylon 6T/nylon 6 copolymer (50 parts by weight, copolymerization molar ratio 50/50), a polylaurolactam/polyether copolymer (5 parts by weight) and porous silica (0.2 part by weight, average particle size 1.6 µm) were melt extruded from a T-die, and cooled on a rotary drum at 20°C to give a 180 µm thick unoriented polyamide film. This unoriented film was drawn at a ratio of 3.0 times the original at 90°C in the longitudinal direction. Then, the film was drawn at a ratio of 4.0 times the original at 135°C in the transverse direction and thermally set at 215°C to give a 15 µm thick biaxially oriented film. This film was superior in slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing. The property values showing fine slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing are shown in Table 1. Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, a nylon 6T/nylon 6 copolymer (94.9 parts by weight, copolymerization molar ratio 50/50), a polylaurolactam/polyether copolymer (5 parts by weight) and porous silica (0.1 part by weight, average particle size 1.6 µm) were melt extruded from a T-die, and cooled on a rotary drum at 20°C to give a 180 µm thick unoriented polyamide film. This unoriented film was drawn at a ratio of 3.0 times the original at 120°C in the longitudinal direction. Then, the film was drawn at a ratio of 4.0 times the original at 150°C in the transverse direction and thermally set at 215°C to give a 15 µm thick biaxially oriented film. This film was superior in slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing. The property values showing fine slip characteristic, transparency and resistance to fatigue from flexing are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1 except the use of nylon 6 (94.6 parts by weight), a polylaurolactam/polyether copolymer (5 parts by weight) and porous silica (0.4 part by weight, average particle size 1.6 µm), an unoriented polyamide film was obtained. The property values are shown in Table 1. The film of Comparative Example 1 was superior in transparency but poor in slip characteristic under high humidity. Comparative Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1 except the use of nylon 6 (93.5 parts by weight), a polylaurolactam/polyether copolymer (5 parts by weight) and porous silica (1.5 parts by weight, average particle size 1.6 µm), an unoriented polyamide film was obtained. The property values are shown in Table 1. The film of Comparative Example 2 was superior in fine slip characteristic but poor in transparency. Coefficient of kinetic friction (A) 50% RH Coefficient of kinetic friction (B) 65% RH Ratio of coefficient of kinetic friction (B)/(A) Transparency haze value (%) resistance to fatigue from flexing, number of pinholes Ex. 1 0.62 0.87 1.4 2.7 2 Ex.2 0.56 0.73 1.3 3.0 8 Ex. 3 0.55 0.66 1.2 3.2 10 Ex.4 0.53 0.58 1.1 3.3 15 Comp.Ex.1 1.19 1.98 1.7 2.6 0 Comp.Ex.2 0.40 0.48 1.2 15.2 2 The polyamide film of the present invention is superior in transparency, slip characteristic, particularly transparency and slip characteristics under high humidity, and flexing resistance. The polyamide film of the present invention shows small dimensional change due to moisture absorption and heating. The biaxially oriented polyamide laminate film having an inorganic vapor deposition layer retains superior gas barrier property after boiling treatment and has superior resistance to fatigue from flexing.

Claims: A polyamide film satisfying the following (a) to (c): (a) a haze value of not more than 5.0%, (b) a coefficient of kinetic friction (A) of not more than 1.0 under 50% humidity, the coefficient (A) being measured with regard to friction between the same two polyamide films, and (c)aratio of coefficients of kinetic friction (B)/(A) of not more than1.5, (B) being a coefficient of kinetic friction at 65% humidity, wherein the film comprises a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a) except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, in a proportion of 90 - 4 parts by weight, an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of 0 - 95.8 parts by weight and an improver of resistance to fatigue from flexing (Z) in a proportion of 0.2 - 10 parts by weight, and wherein the film further comprises inorganic and/or organic fine particles having an average particle size of 0.5 - 5.0 µm in a proportion of 0.05 - 1.0 part by weight relative to the total amount of the resin. The polyamide film of claim 1, wherein the film has not more than 20 pinholes in a 17,78 cm (7-inch) square at 25°C after a fatigue test involving 1000 times of flexing. The polyamide film of claim 1, wherein the film comprises a resin (X) which is a mixture and/or copolymer of an aromatic polyamide resin (a) except polyamide resin comprising isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, and a polyamide resin (b) comprising aliphatic polyamide resin, or isophthalic acid and aliphatic diamine, wherein the aromatic polyamide resin (a) is contained in a proportion of not less than 10 mol% and not more than 90 mol%, or the film comprises (X) in a proportion of not less than 5 parts by weight and an aliphatic polyamide resin (Y) in a proportion of not more than 95 parts by weight. A polyamide laminate film comprising the polyamide film of any of claim 1 - claim 3 and an inorganic vapor deposition layer formed at least on one side of the film.

Inventors: FUJITA SHINJI, ISEKI KIYOSHI, IWANISHI MASAZUMI, KOMEDA SHIGERU, MORISHIGE CHIKAO, SATOH MASAYOSHI, SUGIMOTO MASAKI, YOKOYAMA SEIICHIRO, FUJITA, SHINJI, ISEKI, KIYOSHI, IWANISHI, MASAZUMI, KOMEDA, SHIGERU, MORISHIGE, CHIKAO, SATOH, MASAYOSHI, SUGIMOTO, MASAKI, YOKOYAMA, SEIICHIRO
Applicants: TOYO BOSEKI, TOYO BOSEKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1999
Main classification: C08J5
IPC codes: C08J5, B32B27