Roller bearing unit with rotation speed detection instrument for use in cars

Abstract: A roller bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument comprises; a hub (3) rotating together with a wheel, the hub having a plurality of inner race tracks (7) in an outer peripheral surface thereof; an outer race (4) formed of steel material, which is supported by a suspension device and does not rotate. The outer race (4) having a plurality of outer race tracks (12) in an inner peripheral surface which face the inner race tracks; rolling elements (5), each being rotatably provided between the inner race track and the corresponding outer race track; an encoder (11) fixedly provided at a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub between the inner race tracks and a sensor (18) being supported in a mounting hole (17) provided in an intermediate portion of the outer race in its axial direction so that the detecting section may face the encoder. A hardened layer (24) is formed in the inner surface of the outer race (12), at each portion where the outer race track is formed.

Description: The present invention relates to a rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument for use, for example, in cars. Particularly but not exclusively, the present invention relates to improvements in a rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument which allows a wheel of a car to be supported rotatably on a suspension device thereof and which is used to detect a rotation speed of the wheel, as well as to an outer race constituting the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument. Related Background Art For rotatably supporting a wheel of a car onto a suspension device, a rolling bearing unit is used. The rotation speed of the wheel must be detected to control an antilock braking system (ABS) as well as a traction control system (TCS). For this reason, it has been widely performed that the foregoing wheel is rotatably supported onto the suspension device by a rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument which is built therein and the rotation speed is detected. Such rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument supports a hub on the inner diameter side of its outer race rotatably interposing a plurality of rolling elements between the outer race and the hub. At the same time, the rotation speed of an encoder fixed to a portion of the hub is detected by a sensor which is supported by a portion of the outer race. The characteristic of the encoder in the circumference direction is changed alternately at equal intervals. Moreover, the technology that the detection portion of the sensor is made to face the outer peripheral surface of a large diameter cylindrical portion of the encoder at a situation where the sensor is supported in a mounting hole formed at an intermediate portion of the outer race in its axial direction and to be elongated in the diameter direction of the outer race, has been widely known as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 63-59769, 6-109027, 8-270659, and many publications. When the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument as described above is used, the foregoing outer race is supported on the suspension device, the wheel is fixed to the end portion of the hub, which portion is located a part from the outer race, thereby the wheel being supported rotatably on the foregoing suspension device. When the foregoing encoder rotates with the rotation of the wheel, the output of the sensor having the detection portion facing the encoder changes. The frequency in which the output of the sensor changes is proportional to the rotation speed of the wheel. Therefore, if the output signal of the sensor is sent to a controller which obtains the rotation speed of the wheel, the ABS as well as the TCS can be controlled suitably. In the case of the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection device described in the foregoing gazettes, no consideration for the compatibility of the workability of the mounting hole with a security of the durability of the outer race was made. Specifically, in order to secure the rolling fatigue life time of the track or raceway of the outer race, a hardened layer having the hardness more than 500 Hv must be formed in the inner peripheral surface of the entire race, and in the surface of the outer race where the outer race tracks are formed and in the vicinity of that surface. This layer is formed to a depth (about 1.5 mm in the case of the rolling bearing unit of cars) more than three times inclusive of three times as large as a depth where a shearing force based on a stress applied by the rolling element becomes maximum (about 0.5 mm in the case of the rolling bearing unit of cars). A transition layer of about 0.5 mm thick exists between the deepest portion of this hardened layer and its so-called raw portion which is not hardened. In this transition layer portion, the hardness gradually decreases from the hardened layer to the raw portion. In order to form the hardened layer in each of the outer race track portion, although the control of the hardening depth with respect to the thickness direction was considered, the regulation of the formation range of the hardened layer in the surface direction of the inner periphery of the outer race, particularly, in the axial direction, was not considered. Specifically, with respect to the thickness direction, in order to secure the toughness of the outer race, although to leave the raw portion in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the outer race was considered (see, for example, Utility Model Gazette No. 2529597), the consideration in the surface direction was not considered. As described above, when the thickness direction of the hardened layer is considered concerning the range of the hardened layer and the hardened layer is formed in each of the foregoing outer race track portions without considering the surface direction of the hardened layer, the range of the hardened layer may reach to about 10 mm from the end portion of each outer race track or more. The hardness of the hardened layer becomes high in the portion of about 10.5 mm or more apart from the end of each outer race track. Furthermore, in Utility Model Gazette No. 2529597, the technology is disclosed, in which the hardened layer is formed also in a portion between a plurality of the outer race tracks of the outer race in a part of the inner peripheral surface of the outer race, and the portion between the outer race tracks is made to be not liable to occur a plastic deformation. As described above, when the portion between the outer race tracks is made to be not liable to occur the plastic deformation, the plastic deformation of the outer race is prevented, so that an increase in durability of the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument including this outer race can be achieved, in spite of the fact that an impact load is applied to the outer race due to crashing of the wheel to paving stones. It should be noted that even in such case, toughness of the outer race is secured while leaving a raw portion that is not hardened in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the outer race and, occurrence of damages of the outer race such as cracks due to the application of the foregoing impact load can be prevented. However, when the hardened layer is formed also between the outer race tracks in the part of the inner peripheral surface of the outer race, working of the mounting hole to fixedly support the sensor, which is formed in the outer race, becomes difficult. On the other hand, in response to the demand for saving fuel consumption of the cars in recent years, to downsize the rolling bearing unit for supporting the wheel and to reduce a weight of it, the shortening of the dimension of this rolling bearing unit in the axial direction has been developed. Based on such shortening, the distance between the end periphery of each outer race track portion and the mounting hole becomes short, and this distance sometimes can not be kept to be more than 10. 5 mm. For this reason, the hardness in the portion where the foregoing mounting hole is to be formed becomes high too, so that working of this mounting hole will be cumbersome. Although working of this mounting hole may be well performed before the formation of the hardened layer in each outer race track portion, when the hardening treatment is performed after the working of the mounting hole, the considerations for preventing the occurrence of defects due to stress concentration in the mounting hole portion is needed, resulting in troublesomeness of the hardening treatment. Furthermore, as described in the foregoing Utility Model Gazette No. 2529597, the technology has been known, in which the hardened layer is formed also between a plurality of the tracks of the outer race in order to enhance the durability of the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument including the outer race by making the outer race not liable to occur the plastic deformation, even when an impact load is applied to the outer race through the hub and the rolling element owing to reasons such as crashing of the wheel against the paving stone. As described above, in the case where the hardened layer is formed also between a plurality of the outer race tracks of the outer race, the working of the foregoing mounting hole becomes cumbersome, not only in the case of small-sized rolling bearing units but also even in the case of comparatively large-sized rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument in which the distance between the end periphery of each outer race track portion formed in the inner periphery surface of the outer race and the mounting hole, is relatively large. DE 19612162A discloses an outer race of an axle bearing having a mounting hole for mounting an antilock brake sensor. The inner periphery of the outer ring is not yet hardened when forming the hole so that the hole is easily formed using an ordinary tool eg of carbon steel. With a plug inserted in the hole a hardened layer which covers raceways of the outer ring is formed, heat produced during the hardening being dispersed through the plug. After forming the hardened layer the plug is pulled out of the hole. The hardened layer extends to the hole whereby the inner surface portion of the outer race where the mounting hole is provided is hardened. From the viewpoint of the above described circumstances, a first object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument which is capable of performing the working operation particularly for the foregoing mounting hole without making the hardening treatment troublesome. The rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument to achieve the first object comprises a hub which rotates together with a wheel at the time of its use, the hub having a plurality of inner race tracks in outer peripheral surface portions thereof; an outer race formed of steel material, which is supported by a suspension device and does not rotate at the time of its use, the outer race having a plurality of outer race tracks in inner peripheral surface portions which face the inner race tracks; rolling elements, each being rotatably provided between the inner race track and the corresponding outer race track; an encoder fixedly provided at a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub between the inner race tracks, the encoder exhibiting a characteristic which changes in its circumference direction alternately at equal intervals; and a sensor having a detecting section, the sensor being supported in a mounting hole provided in an intermediate portion of the outer race in its axial direction so that the detecting section may face the encoder and change its output signal in response to the change of the characteristic of the encoder, wherein a hardened layer is formed in inner surface portions of the outer race and each portion where the outer race track is formed and wherein there is an inner surface portion of the outer race where the mounting hole is provided which is not hardened. Preferably, a distance between an end periphery of the outer race track which is closer to said mounting hole and the mounting hole is 10.5 mm or less and a thickness of the hardened layer formed in the outer race track closest to said mounting hole is 1.5 mm or more. Furthermore, it is preferable that said hardened layer exhibits a hardness of 500 Hv or more. Preferably, the distance between the mounting hole and the end periphery of the outer race track closest to the mounting hole among the outer race tracks is at a range from 2 to 10.5 mm, and a minimum distance between the mounting hole and the hardened layer, is 0.5 mm or more. In this case, a working operation for the mounting hole to mount or support the sensor in the outer race can be easily performed without degrading the durability of each outer race track portion as well as without making a hardening treatment for each outer race track portion troublesome. Specifically, since the mounting hole portion is not subjected to hardening, the working of the mounting hole can be easily performed. When the distance between the mounting hole and the end periphery of the outer race track close to this mounting hole is set to 2 mm or more, the minimum thickness of 1.5 mm for the hardened layer formed in each outer race track portion, which is necessary for securing the durability of each outer race track, can be secured. Furthermore, by setting the minimum distance between the mounting hole and the hardened layer formed in each outer race track portion to 0.5 mm or more, the mounting hole can be formed in a raw material portion apart from a transition layer or at least in a semi-raw portion exhibiting a low hardness, and even after the hardened layer is formed in each outer race track portion, the working of the mounting hole can be easily performed. Preferably in the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument the hardened layers provided in the portions where the outer race tracks are formed are connected by a jointing hardened layer provided at a position apart from the mounting hole in its circumference direction, which has a hardness of 500 Hv or more, and the minimum distance between the jointing hardened layer and the mounting hole is 0.5 mm or more. With such a rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument, even when an impact load is applied to the outer race through the hub and the rolling elements, the outer race does not tend to make a plastic deformation, and the working of the mounting hole can be in addition easily performed. By virtue of the rotation bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument to achieve the first object, which is constructed as described above, a wheel is supported rotatably on the suspension device, and an operation to detect the rotation speed of the wheel is conducted similarly to that of the case of the conventional rotation bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument, which has been well known. For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, by way of example only reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which; Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an outer race extracted from the sectional view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the portion A of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing of an outer race extracted from the sectional view of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing a state in which a hardening coil is provided on the inner side of the outer race; Fig. 8 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention, which is drawn similarly to Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is a sectional view of an outer race, which shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C of Fig. 9. Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument of this embodiment comprises a hub 3 composed of a hub body 1 and an inner race 2; an outer race 4; and a plurality of rolling elements 5 and 5. A flange 6 for supporting a wheel is provided in an external side end portion of an outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1. Hereupon, the word "external" means the outside in the width direction of a car when the rolling bearing unit is assembled to the car and the left side of Figs. 1 and 2. On the contrary, the word "internal" means the inside of the car in its width direction and the right direction of Figs. 1 and 2. Furthermore, an inner race track 7 is formed on an intermediate portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1. Besides the formation of the inner race track 7 directly on the intermediate portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1, the inner race track 7 is sometimes formed on an outer peripheral surface of another inner race which is fitted on the intermediate portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1. Provided in an internal end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1, is a step portion 8 concentric with the hub body 1 and formed by cutting the whole of the internal side end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1 in its radial direction. The inner race 2 formed with another inner race track 7 in its outer peripheral surface is interference-fitted on and fixed to the step portion 8. An internal end portion of the inner race 2 protrudes from the internal side end portion of the hub body 1 inward in a state where the inner race 2 is fitted on and fixed to the step portion 8. The internal side end portion of the inner race 2 is in contact with the stepped surface of a constant velocity joint (not shown) in a state where the rolling bearing unit is assembled in the car. Furthermore, also in a state where it is assembled in the car, a spline shaft annexed to the constant velocity joint is made to pass through a spline hole 9 provided in the central portion of the hub body 1. A nut (not shown) is screw-fitted on a male screw portion which is provided at a tip end portion of the spline shaft which protrudes from the external side portion of the hub body 1, and is tightened. Upon this tightening of the nut, the step difference surface of the constant velocity joint strongly presses the internal side end surface of the inner race 2, resulting in preventing the inner race 2 from detaching from the step portion 8. Furthermore, a fitting portion 10 having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the intermediate of the hub body 1 is provided in an end portion of the intermediate of the hub body close to the step portion 8. The diameter of the intermediate of the hub body 1 is larger than that of the step portion 8. The outer diameter of the fitting portion 10 is made slightly larger than the inner diameter of a later described encoder 11 at the time when the encoder 11 is in a free state, so that the encoder 11 is interference-fitted on and fixed to the fitting portion 10. The outer diameter of the encoder 11 in the state where the encoder is fitted on the mounting portion 10, is made smaller than that of a part of the intermediate of the hub body 1, which part is positioned closer to the external side end portion than the fitting portion 10. In the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4, a plurality of outer race tracks 12 and 12 are formed, which face the corresponding inner race tracks 7 and 7, respectively. A plurality of rolling elements 5 and 5 are provided between the inner races 7, 7 and the outer race track 12, 12 with held by the retainers 13, 13, whereby the hub 3 is rotatably supported in the inside of the outer race 4. In the illustrated embodiment, though balls are used as the rolling elements 5 and 5, tapered rollers can be used as the rolling elements, in the case of the rolling bearing unit for use in cars which are heavy in weight. Moreover, in the outer peripheral surface of the outer race closer to the internal end portion, provided is an attaching portion 14 for attaching the outer race 4 to the suspension device, which looks like a flange tending outward. Gaps between opening portions of the both ends of the outer race 4 and the intermediate of the outer peripheral surface, and the inner end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the inner race 2 are closed by the sealing rings 15 and 15, respectively. The encoder 11 is fitted on and fixed to the fitting portion 10 at the intermediate of the outer peripheral surface of the hub body 1, concentrically with the hub body 1. The encoder 11 is formed of a magnetic metal plate such as a steel plate, and is formed to be cylindrical in its entirety. The encoder 11 is interference-fitted on and fixed to the fitting portion 10. The encoder 11 is arranged between the lines of the rolling elements 5 and 5 provided in plural lines. A plurality of through holes 16 and 16 are formed in the intermediate of the encoder 11 in its axial direction at equal intervals in its circumference direction, whereby a magnetic characteristic of the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 11 is changed alternately in its circumference direction and at equal intervals. On the other hand, a mounting hole 17 is formed through in the intermediate portion of the outer race 4 in its axis direction and in the outside position of the encoder 11 in its diameter direction, in a state where the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the outer race 4 are communicated to each other. Then, a sensor 18 including a detection device embedded in synthesis resin is inserted and fixed in the mounting hole 17, so that the detection portion provided in the tip end surface of the sensor 18 (drawn in the lowermost surface of Fig. 1) is allowed to face the outer peripheral surface of the encoder 11 with a small gap. In a state where the sensor 18 is inserted and fixed in the mounting hole 17, the sensor 18 can detect the rotation speed of the encoder 11. Furthermore, a flat attaching plane 19 is formed around the opening of the outer end of the mounting hole 17 and at the outer peripheral surface of the outer race 4, which plane exists in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the mounting hole 17. A conical concave chamfered portion 20 and a cylindrical receiving plane 21 are formed in the connection portion between the attaching plane 19 and the inner peripheral surface of the mounting hole 17, in this order. On the other hand, an attaching portion 22 is fixedly provided in the base end portion of the sensor 18 (drawn in the uppermost end portion of Fig. 1), and the attaching portion 22 is connected to the outer race 4 to fix to each other, by a screw (not shown) which is made to pass through the end portion of the attaching portion 22. In this situation, an O-ring 23 fitted on the base end portion of the sensor 18 is elastically compressed between the outer peripheral surface of its base end portion and the inner peripheral surface of the receiving plane 21, whereby the portion attaching the sensor 18 is sealed and it is prevented that an extraneous material such as rain invades inside of the inner race 4 through the mounting hole 17. Furthermore, hardened layers 24 and 24 having a hardness of 500 Hv or more are formed in inner peripheral surface portions of the outer race 4, and in the portions where the respective outer race tracks 12 and 12 are formed. As best shown in Figure 3 there is an inner surface portion of the outer race where the mounting hole 17 is provided which is not hardened. The hardened layers 24 and 24 serve to secure a rolling fatigue life time of the portions of the outer race where outer race tracks 12, 12 are formed, regardless of loads repeatedly applied from the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements 5 and 5 to the tracks, and have a thickness of 1.5 mm or more, as described. Particularly, the rolling bearing unit with the rotation speed detection instrument of this embodiment is applied to the one in which the distance L (see Fig. 3) between the mounting hole 17 and the end periphery of the outer race track 12 which is positioned closer to the mounting hole 17, of the outer race tracks 12 and 12 that is, which is located on the right side of Figs. 1 and 2, ranges from 2 to 10.5 mm. In addition, in the case of this embodiment, in order to keep the minimum distance between the mounting hole 17 and the hardened layer 24, 24 formed in each of the portions where the outer race tracks 12, 12 are formed at 0. 5 mm or more, the thickness T of each of the hardened layers 24 and 24 (see Fig. 3) is regulated so that the portion constituting the mounting hole 17 is left to be raw steel material which is not hardened or semi-raw steel material which is soft. In the case where the distance L is less than 2 mm, it is impossible to secure the rolling fatigue life time of the outer race tracks 12 and 12 and to make the working of the mounting hole 17 easy. Furthermore, in the case where the distance L exceeds 10.5 mm, the working of the mounting hole 17 can be easily performed without regulating the thickness T of the hardened layers 24 and 24. In other words, in a comparatively large-sized bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument in which the distance L exceeds 10.5 mm, the working of the mounting hole 17 can be easily performed. However, in the case of a rolling bearing unit in which the distance L is 10.5 mm or less, if the regulation of the thickness T of the hardened layers 24 and 24 is not performed, the working of the mounting hole 17 becomes troublesome. Specifically, this embodiment is applied to a comparatively small-sized rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument in which the distance L does not exceed 10.5 mm. In the case of the rotation bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument of this embodiment, the wheel fixed to the flange 6 which is provided in the external side end portion of the hub body 1 can be rotatably supported on the suspension device supporting the outer race 4. Furthermore, when the encoder 11 fixedly fitted on the inner race 2 rotates with the rotation of the wheel, the through holes 16 and 16 formed in the intermediate of the encoder 11 in its axial direction and the pole portions each existing between the through holes 16 and 16 which are adjacent to each other in the circumference direction, alternately pass through near the detection portion provided in the tip end surface of the sensor 18. As a result, a density of magnetic flux flowing through the sensor 18 changes, and an output of the sensor changes. The frequency in which the output of the sensor 18 changes is proportional to the rotation speed of the wheel. Therefore, if the output of the sensor is sent to a controller (not shown), the ABS and the TCS can be suitably controlled. Particularly, in the case of the rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument of this embodiment, the working of the mounting hole 17 for supporting the sensor 18 on the outer race 4 can be easily performed without making the hardening treatment for the hardened layers 24 and 24 troublesome, which layers are formed at the portions of the outer race where the tracks 12 and 12 are formed. Specifically, since the distance L between the mounting hole 17 and the end periphery of the outer race track 12, which is located on the right side of Figs. 1 and 2 and closest to the mounting hole 17 among the outer race tracks 12 and 12, is set to be 2 mm or more, the minimum thickness (1.5 mm) of the hardened layer 24, which is required for securing the durability of the outer race track 12, can be secured. As a matter of course, the minimum thickness (1.5 mm) of the hardened layer 24, which is required for securing the durability of the outer race 12, can be secured for the outer race track 12 which is farther from the mounting hole 17, that is, on the left side of Figs. 1 and 2. The minimum distance between the mounting hole 17 and the hardened layers 24 and 24 formed at the portions of the outer race where the tracks 12 and 12 are formed, is set to 0. 5 mm or more, so that the mounting hole 17 can be formed at a portion which is apart from the transition layer, and is raw and soft, and the working of the mounting hole 17 can be easily performed even after the formation of the hardened layers 24 and 24 in the portions of the outer race where the tracks 12 and 12 are formed. It should be noted that the control of the thickness of the hardened layers 24 and 24 can be comparatively easily performed by regulating the amount of the power supply to the hardening coil and the power supply time thereto. Next, Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of a rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument of the present invention. In the case of this embodiment, the hardened layers 24 and 24 respectively provided in the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4 and in the portions of the outer race where the tracks 12 and 12 are formed, are connected by the jointing hardened layer 25 provided at a position apart from the mounting hole 17 in a circumference direction of the outer race 4. In other words, the outer race tracks 12 and 12 in the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4 and the portion between the outer race tracks 12 and 12 except the peripheral portion of the mounting hole 17 are made to be harder than the hardness of 500 Hv by the hardened layers 24 and 24 and the jointing hardened layer 25. In the case of this embodiment, the minimum distance between each hardened layer 24, 24 and the mounting hole 17 is not only set to 0.5 mm or more, the minimum distance L' (see Fig. 6) between the jointing hardened layer 25 and the mounting hole 17 is but also set to 0.5 mm or more. Thus, the portion of the mounting hole 17 is made to be raw steel material which is not hardened or to be semi-raw steel material which is soft. In the case of this embodiment constructed as described above, the portion which is a part of the outer race 4 and between the outer race tracks 12 and 12, becomes less apt to deform plastically. For this reason, even when upon crashing of the wheel against the paving stone an impact load is applied to the outer race 4 through the hub 3 and the rolling elements 5 and 5, the outer race 4 is less apt to deform plastically, so that the durability of the rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument including the wheel 4 can be enhanced. Also in the case of this embodiment, the raw steel material portion which is not hardened is left around the jointing hardened layer 25 and the toughness of the outer race 4 is secured, so that occurrence of the damages such as cracks in the outer race 4, due to the foregoing impact load, is prevented. It should be noted that in order to form the hardened layers 24 and 24 and the jointing hardened layer 25 as described in this embodiment, the hardening coil 26 in which its portion facing the opening portion of the mounting hole 17 on its inner diameter side is concaved inward in its diameter direction is used. Specifically, the outer peripheral surface of the hardening coil 26 has a shape almost according the inner peripheral surface shape of the outer race 4, and a concave portion 27 is formed at its portion facing the opening portion of the mounting hole 17 on its inner diameter side. In the situation where such hardening coil 26 is disposed inside the outer race 4 concentrically with the outer race 4, when an electric current is blown through the coil 26, the plural outer race tracks 12 and 12 and the portion between the outer race tracks 12 and 12 are heated except the peripheral portion of the mounting hole 17, and this heated portion can be treated by hardening. It should be note that when only the predetermined portion in the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4 is hardened using the hardening coil 26 as described above, in order to strictly define the boundary between the portion which is to be hardened and the portion which is not to be hardened, it is conceived to shorten the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the hardening coil 26 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4. In such case, when the outer diameters of the convex portions existing in both end portions of the hardening coil 26 in its axis direction becomes larger than the inner diameter of the minimum diameter portion existing in the intermediate of the outer race 4 in its axis direction, the hardening coil 26 is constructed so that it can be split into two pieces in its axis direction. It should be noted that in the case of this embodiment, although the distance between the mounting hole 17 and the end periphery of the outer race track 12 closer to the mounting hole 17 need not to be 10.5 mm or less, it may be at a range from 2 to 10.5 mm as a matter of course. The constitution and operation of the rolling bearing unit of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. As another method to achieve the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in Figs . 4, 5 and 6, the hardened layers 24 and 24 located in the portions of the outer race where the outer race tracks 12 and 12 are formed and the jointing hardened layer 25 can be also formed sequentially. For example, it is conceived that after the jointing hardened layer 25 is formed in the state the outer race 4 is at a standstill, the hardened layers 24 and 24 are formed while rotating the outer race 4, and then the hardened layers 24 and 24 and the jointing hardened layer 25 are connected. Alternatively, it is also possible that after the hardened layers 24 and 24 are formed, the jointing hardened layer 25 is formed to connect the hardened layers 24 and 24. Fig. 8 shows an outer race of a third embodiment of the present invention. Since the structure of an inner race of the third embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment, an illustration and description for it are omitted. In the second embodiment, the jointing hardened layer 25 for connecting the hardened layers 24 and 24 with each other, provided at the portions where the outer race tracks 12 and 12 are formed, is provided almost in its all circumference except for the portion of the mounting hole 17. In the case of this third embodiment, the jointing hardened layers 25 are intermittently formed at three portions in the circumference direction. The mounting hole 17 is disposed between the jointing hardened layers 25 and 25 adjacent to each other in the circumference direction. A structure, operation and manufacturing method of the rolling bearing unit of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Figs. 9 and 10 show an outer race of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Since the structure of an inner race of the third embodiment is the same as that of the first or second embodiment, an illustration and description for it are omitted. In the case of this fourth embodiment, the jointing hardened layers 25 are intermittently formed at two portions in the circumference direction of the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 4. The mounting hole 17 is disposed between the jointing hardened layers 25 and 25 adjacent to each other in the circumference direction. A structure, operation and manufacturing method of the rolling bearing unit of the present fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Since the rolling bearing unit of the foregoing embodiment of the present invention is constituted as described above and operates, a decrease in cost of the rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument can be achieved by making the working operation of the bearing unit easy. Furthermore, according to demand, the foregoing embodiment can also cope with a reduction in a size and a weight of the bearing unit. The foregoing embodiments described above using the drawings concern the case in which the present invention is applied to the rolling bearing unit for supporting driving wheels, that is, rear wheels of the FR car and the RR car, front wheels of the FF car and all wheels of the 4WD car. The present invention can be applied also to a rolling bearing unit for supporting driven wheels, that is, rear wheels of the FR car and the RR car, and rear wheels of the FF car. Furthermore, the present invention has a feature in that the formation operation of the mounting hole for fixedly supporting the sensor which is disposed in the intermediate portion of the outer race can be easily carried out. The sorts of the rotation speed detection instrument including the sensor and the encoder are not particularly limited. Therefore, the rotation speed detection instrument is not limited to the magnetic detection type such as the foregoing embodiments and other types such as eddy current type, photoelectric type can be adopted. The rolling bearing unit of the present invention is constructed and operates as described above, so that by facilitating the working operation of the outer race constituting the rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument, a reduction in cost of the rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument can be achieved. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alternations can be made therein without departing from the scope of the inventions as defined by the appended claims.

Claims: A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument comprising: a hub (3) which rotates together with a wheel at the time of its use, the hub having a plurality of inner race tracks (7) in outer peripheral surface portions thereof; an outer race (4) formed of steel material, which is supported by a suspension device and does not rotate at the time of its use, the outer race having a plurality of outer race tracks (12) in inner peripheral surfaces portions which face the inner race tracks; rolling elements (5), each being rotatably provided between the inner race track (7) and the corresponding outer race track (12); an encoder (11) fixedly provided at a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub between the inner race tracks (7), the encoder exhibiting a characteristic which changes in its circumference direction alternately at equal intervals; and a sensor (18) having a detecting section, the sensor being supported in a mounting hole (17) provided in an intermediate portion of the outer race (4) in an axial direction so that the detecting section may face the encoder and change its output signal in response to the change of the characteristic of the encoder, wherein a hardened layer (24) is formed in inner surface portions of the outer race (4) and each portion where the outer race track is formed, and wherein there is an inner surface portion of the outer race where the mounting hole is provided which is not hardened. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein a distance (L) between an end periphery of the outer race track (12) which is closer to said mounting hole (17) and the mounting hole is 10.5 mm or less and a thickness of the hardened layer (24) formed in the outer race track closest to said mounting hole is 1.5 mm or more. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hardened layer (24) exhibits a hardness of 500 Hv or more. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein said distance (L) between the mounting hole (17) and an end periphery of the outer race track (12) closest to the mounting hole among said outer race tracks is at a range from 2 to 10.5 mm, and a minimum distance between said mounting hole and the hardened layer is 0.5 mm or more. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 and wherein the hardened layers (24) provided in the outer race track portions are connected to each other by a jointing hardened layer (25) provided apart from said mounting hole in its circumferential direction. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 further comprising: a hardened layer exhibiting a hardness of 500 Hv or more formed in the inner surface of the outer race, and at each portion where the outer race track is formed wherein the hardened layers provided in the outer race track portions are connected to each other by a jointing hardened layer exhibiting a hardness of 500 Hv or more provided apart from said mounting hole in its circumferential direction, and a minimum distance between said mounting hole and the jointing hardened layer is 0.5 mm or more. A rolling bearing unit with a rotation speed detection instrument as claimed in claim 1 wherein a hardened layer is formed in the inner surface of the outer race and in a portion where each outer race track is formed, and a thickness of the hardened layer formed in the outer race track being 1.5 mm or more.

Inventors: ISHIKAWA SHUICHI, MIYAZAKI HIROYA, NAKAMURA YUJI, ISHIKAWA, SHUICHI, MIYAZAKI, HIROYA, NAKAMURA, YUJI, Ishikawa, Shuichi, c/o NSK Ltd., MIYAZAKI, HIROYA, C/O NSK LTD., Nakamura, Yuji, c/o NSK Ltd.
Applicants: NSK LTD
Application year: 1999
Main classification: G01P3
IPC codes: F16C33, G01P3, B60B27, C21D1, C21D9, F16C19