REFRIGERATOR DOOR OPENER

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a thermally insulated housing (1) opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a door (9) for selectively opening and closing the forward opening of the housing; a magnetic gasket (14, 14b) fitted to a portion of the door which is engageable with an open edge (13) of the housing; a pivotally supported handle (24) connected to the door for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; and a trigger member (26) drivingly coupled with the handle (24) for movement between projected and retracted positions. The trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge.

Description: DESCRIPTION Refrigerator Door Opener Technical Field The present invention generally relates to a refrigerator and, more particularly, to a trigger mechanism built in a door handle assembly for forcibly opening the door a predetermined distance against the magnetic attraction used to keep the door shut. Background Art The refrigerator commercially available in the market nowadays is provided with a plurality of doors, at least one of which is hingedly supported at one side thereof for swinging between opened and closed positions about the hinge. This hingedly supported swing door is generally provided with one or more storage shelves fixedly or removably fitted to an interior surface of the swing door for accommodating bottles, cans and/or canisters. In addition, each of the doors has a magnetic gasket fitted thereto so that when the respective door is in position to close an opening leading into an associated refrigerator compartment, a substantially gas-tight seal can be created between the respective door and a front edge of the refrigerator to avoid any possible leakage of chilled air from the interior of the refrigerator housing to the outside. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the magnetic gasket is of a design in which a permanent magnet is embedded to develop a magnetic force of attraction by which the respective door can be kept shut. It has been experienced that in opening the refrigerator door a relatively large amount of pulling force is necessitated to overcome the magnetic force of attraction developed by the magnetic gasket between the door and the front edge of the refrigerator housing. This is particularly true where a substantial weight is imposed on the storage shelves by placement of filled bottles, cans and canisters. Considering that the hingedly supported swing door is getting installed at a top region of the refrigerator, selective opening and closure of the door so loaded with the filled bottles, cans and canisters on the shelves is indeed a laborious job for a short user. When it comes to the drawing door, the drawing door generally carries a storage container for accommodating perishables and/or any other food material therein. However, the deeper the storage container, the heavier the entire assembly thereof, and therefore a relatively large amount of pulling force is required to draw the drawing door from a closed position towards an open position. In order to minimize the force required to open the door, the Japanese Laid-open Utility Model Publication No. 7-41377, published July 21 , 1995, discloses a door trigger mechanism comprising a generally elongated operating member movably concealed behind a door handle and having its opposite ends formed with a trigger arm. The trigger arms on the opposite ends of the operating member are engaged in one of creases in the magnetic gasket so that when the operating member is pulled forward during manipulation of the door handle, the trigger arms are moved in a forwards in a direction away from a peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing to forcibly compress the magnetic gasket to thereby create gaps between the magnetic gasket and the peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing, making it easy to open the refrigerator door. The idea suggested in the above mentioned publication is applicable where the magnetic gasket is of a cross-sectional shape similar to a bellows having a plurality of creases extending over the entire periphery of the magnetic gasket so that the magnetic gasket can be inwardly compressed when the trigger arms are moved forwards. However, since the trigger arms are engaged in one of the creases in the magnetic gasket in touch with the magnetic gasket, frequent use of the operating member would result in damage to the magnetic gasket. Once the magnetic gasket is damaged locally, the gas-tight seal will no longer be established between the peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing and the magnetic gasket. On the other hand, the Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 61-79976, published April 23, 1986, discloses a refrigerator door hingedly supported by a hinge axis to a refrigerator housing, and a handle movably fitted to a portion of the refrigerator door opposite to the hinge axis. The handle is movably carried by the door by means of an elongated operating bar connected at one end hingedly to the hinge axis of the door and at the opposite end to the handle. A trigger protuberance is fixedly mounted on a generally intermediate portion of the operating bar so as to protrude towards the peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing. This door trigger mechanism is so designed that when the handle is pushed the trigger protuberance is brought into abutment with the peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing to forcibly separate the magnetic gasket, fast with the door, from the peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing. However, according to the above mentioned patent publication, once the magnetic gasket fast with the door has been forcibly separated a distance from the peripheral edge of the refrigerator housing by the action of the trigger protuberance, the user has to pull the handle forward to open the refrigerator door. This means that the user has to undergo two successive steps of pushing the handle to create a slight gap between the door and the refrigerator housing and then grasping the handle to pull the latter to thereby open the door. This is indeed a complicated procedure. A refrigerator door trigger mechanism employing a solenoid unit and an associated electric switch is disclosed in, for example, the Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 1-222187, published September 5, 1989, and the Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-9341 , first published September 5, 1989 under the Laid-open Patent Publication No. 1-222186. While the use of the electrically operated trigger mechanism appears to be sophisticated, not only does the trigger mechanism require electricity accompanied by increase of the electric power consumption of the refrigerator as a whole, but the use of the electrically operated trigger mechanism tends to result in increase of the cost of manufacture of the refrigerator. In addition, this requires a complicated operating procedure of activating the switch to energize the solenoid unit and then pulling the handle forward to open the door. Disclosure Of Invention The present invention is intended to provide a door trigger mechanism built in a door handle assembly for forcibly opening the door a predetermined distance against the magnetic force of attraction developed between the magnetic gasket fast with the door and a peripheral open edge of the refrigerator housing to keep the door shut. To this end, one aspect of the present invention provides a refrigerator which comprises a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a door for selectively opening and closing the forward opening of the thermally insulated housing; a magnetic gasket positioned between the door and the thermally insulated housing and fitted to a portion of the door which is engageable with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing; a pivotally supported handle connected to the door for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; and a trigger member drivingly coupled with the handle for movement between projected and retracted positions. In this structure, the trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge. The trigger member is spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. According to the present invention, a simple pull of the refrigerator door in an attempt to open the door is accompanied by movement of the trigger member from the retracted position towards the projected position and subsequent opening of the refrigerator door. Accordingly, no extra complicated procedure is required such as observed in the prior art trigger mechanism. Preferably, the trigger member is positioned within an area encompassed by a length of the handle to allow the trigger mechanism to be assembled compact. The concept of the present invention is equally applicable to one or more drawing doors employed in the refrigerator with or without the hingedly supported door. Brief Description Of Drawings The present invention will become readily understood from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a refrigerator according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the refrigerator shown in Fig. 1 ; Figs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary sectional views, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of the refrigerator of Fig. 1 with a door handle of a hingedly supported door assembly held in closed and opened positions, respectively, which portion is viewed from bottom of the refrigerator; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary front elevational view, on an enlarged scale, of that portion of the refrigerator of Fig. 1 , showing the door handle of the hingedly supported door; Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the door handle shown in Fig. 5; Figs. 7 and 8 are fragmentary side sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing a drawing door in the refrigerator of Fig. 1 with the door handle held in closed and opened positions, respectively; Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the door handle of the drawing door shown in Figs. 7 and 8; Fig. 10 is a front elevational view of the refrigerator according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view of, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of the refrigerator of Fig. 10 with the door handle of the hingedly supported door assembly held in a closed position; Fig. 12 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the portion of the refrigerator showing the door handle shown in Fig. 11; Figs. 13 and 14 are fragmentary side sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing the drawing door in the refrigerator of Fig. 10 with the door handle held in closed and opened positions, respectively; Fig. 15 is an exploded view of the door handle of the drawing door shown in Figs. 13 and 14; Fig. 16 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the refrigerator according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing only an upper portion of the refrigerator; Fig. 17 is a schematic side sectional view of that portion of the refrigerator shown in Fig. 16; Fig. 18 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the refrigerator according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 19 is a front elevational view of the refrigerator according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 20 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the refrigerator according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 21 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the refrigerator according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figs. 22 and 23 are front elevational views of the refrigerator according to eighth and ninth preferred embodiments of the present invention, respectively; Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention Hereinafter, various preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is, however, to be noted that throughout the accompanying drawings like parts are designated by like reference numeral. First Embodiment (Figs. 1 to 9) A refrigerator according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 1 to 9 and is generally identified by 1 in Figs. 1 and 2. The refrigerator 1 comprises a generally rectangular box-like, thermally insulated upright housing 5 including an outer housing component 2 opening forwards, an inner housing component 3 similarly opening forwards and accommodated within the outer housing component 2 and an adiabatic material 4 filled in a space delimited between the outer and inner housing components 2 and 3, adiabatic partition walls 6, 7 and 8 dividing the interior of the refrigerator housing 5 into four compartments each having a front opening, and four doors 9, 10, 11 and 12 for selectively opening and closing the respective compartments. The outer housing component 2 of the housing 5 has a front edge formed with a flange 2a and, similarly, the inner housing component 3 has a front edge formed with a flange 3a. In an assembled condition of the refrigerator housing 5, the flange 2a integral with the front edge of the outer housing component 2 is overlapped with the flange 3a integral with the front edge of the inner housing component 3, made of a synthetic resin, to thereby define an open edge. Each of the adiabatic partition walls 6 to 8 has a front face provided with a partition brim 13 made of metal. Each partition brim 13 has a thickness L1 which is greater than the wall thickness L2 of the refrigerator housing 5. Also, each partition brim 13 may be made of a synthetic resin, in which case it is effective to any possible leakage of chilled air from the corresponding compartment by the effect of thermal conduction. Reference numeral 14 represents a magnetic gasket in which a flexible magnet 14b is embedded. This magnetic gasket 14 has a rectangular configuration and fitted to each of the doors 9, 10, 11 and 12 so that the magnetic gasket 14 can be magnetically attracted to the open edge to thereby avoid any possible leakage of chilled air. Reference numeral 15 represents a compressor disposed beneath the refrigerator housing 5. A cooler 16 is positioned above the compressor 15 and a blower 17 for forcibly circulating chilled air into each of the compartments is also positioned above the cooler 16. Reference numeral 18 represents a damper for guiding the chilled air, circulated by the blower 17, into the refrigerating compartment. Temperature inside the refrigerator housing 5 is so controlled that the four compartments inside the refrigerator housing 5 can define a refrigerating compartment, a freezer/refrigerating selectable compartment, a freezer compartment and a vegetable compartment, respectively, in the order from top of the refrigerator housing 5. In any event, the refrigerator itself may be of any known construction. Each of the doors 9 to 12 is used to selectively open and close the associated compartment in the refrigerator housing 5. The topmost door 9 has top and bottom right corner areas, as viewed in Fig. 1 , connected to the refrigerator housing 5 by means of coaxially aligned hinges 19 for selectively opening and closing the front opening leading to the refrigerating compartment. This topmost door 9 has a stack of shelves 20 arranged one above the other on an inside surface thereof facing towards the refrigerating compartment for accommodating bottles, cans, canisters and eggs. Each of the remaining doors 10, 11 and 12 is a drawing door that can be moved between a forwardly drawn, open position and a rearwardly retracted, closed position along guide rails (not shown) and that includes a corresponding storage container 21 , 22 or 23 fitted thereto while opening upwardly. As far as the depth and the capacity are concerned, the storage container 21 fitted to the uppermost drawing door 10 has the smallest of all. The uppermost drawing door 10 is held at a height L above a support surface, for example, a kitchen floor which is not greater than 1 meter. This particular height L not greater than 1 meter is considered optimum for most Japanese women to remove or place food material into the storage container 21 without being interfered by the other drawing doors 11 and 12 where the refrigerating compartment is defined at top of the refrigerator housing 5. Reference numeral 24 represents a hinged handle having a grip 25 extending substantially horizontally below a lower portion of the hingedly supported door 9 opposite to the lowermost hinge 19. A portion of the hinged handle 24 is formed integrally with a trigger piece 26 made of a synthetic resin and engageable with the partition brim 13 that forms a part of the open edge of the refrigerator housing 5. This trigger piece 26 is positioned on a lower face of a lower decorative plate 9a of the hingedly supported door 9 and at a location adjacent and outside one corner of the rectangular magnetic gasket 14. Positioning of the trigger piece 26 outside the corner of the rectangular magnetic gasket 14 is particularly advantageous in avoiding the possibility of the gas-tight seal being impaired Reference numerals 27 and 28 represent a support bracket. The support bracket 27 is used for connecting the hinged handle 24 to the hingedly supported door 9 for pivotal movement in a plane substantially perpendicular to the hingedly supported door 9 between opened and closed positions. This support bracket 27 is rigidly secured by means of a plurality of set screws 29 to the decorative plate 9a concealing a lower surface of the trigger piece 26 and includes a lug 30 protruding forwardly from the hingedly supported door 9. On the other hand, the support bracket 28 is rigidly secured by means of a plurality of set screws 29 to a front surface of the hingedly supported door 9 and has a lug 31 formed integrally therewith by bending so as to protrude in a direction conforming to the direction of protrusion of the lug 30 in face-to-face relation with the lug 30. The hinged handle 24 includes a hinge pin 32 extending across the thickness of the hinged handle 24 with its opposite ends connected respectively to the mutually confronting lugs 30 and 31. Accordingly, the hinged handle 24 can pivot between the opened and closed position about this hinge pin 32. The grip 25 of the hinged handle 24 and the trigger piece 26 are held in such a positional relation that the trigger piece 26 can occupy a position opposite to the hinge, i.e., on one side of the hinge pin 32 remote from the grip 25. An elastic member 33 such as, for example, a coiled spring is loosely mounted on the hinge pin 32 to urge the hinged handle 24 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 3 to assume the closed position unless a pull is applied to the hinged handle 24. Thus, it will readily be seen that when the hinged handle 31 is pulled forwards, the hinged handle 24 pivots counterclockwise about the hinge pin 32 as viewed in Fig. 3 against a biasing force of the elastic member 33. It is to be noted that so long as the hinged handle 24 is manipulated, i.e., held in the closed position as shown in Fig. 3, the trigger piece 26 is spaced a distance from the partition brim 13 and is therefore out of contact with the partition brim 13. The hinged handle 24 is made of a material mixed with an antimicrobial agent to render the hinged handle 24 to have an antimicrobial characteristic and the grip 25 has at least a front surface knurled to provide surface irregularities effective to avoid slippage. Reference numeral 34 represents a pivot handle mounted on each of the drawing doors 10, 11 and 12. This handle 34 is positioned adjacent a top middle portion of the associated drawing door 10, 11 or 12. The drawing door 10 (as well as any of the other drawing doors 11 and 12 although all of those drawing doors 10 to 12 have a varying height) has a decorative plate 35 fixedly mounted on an upper edge thereof. This decorative plate 35 has a portion thereof formed with a cavity 36 recessed downwardly thereof as viewed in Figs. 7 and 8, and a trigger piece 37 is disposed within the cavity 36 for sliding movement between retracted and projected positions, as shown respectively in Figs. 7 and 8, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drawing door 10 and also to the associated partition brim 13. A portion of the front panel 10a of the drawing door 10 is formed with a recess 38 for accommodating the slidable trigger piece 37. The pivot handle 34 has an upper portion pivotally supported within the recess 38 and is formed integrally with a presser face 39 for pressing the slidable trigger piece 37 from the retracted position towards the projected position in response to movement of the pivot handle 34 from a closed position, as shown in Fig. 7, towards an opened position, as shown in Fig. 8, and also with a pull face 40 for returning the slidable trigger piece 37 from the projected position towards the retracted position in response to movement of the pivot handle from the opened position towards the closed position as biased by an elastic member 42 such as, for example, a coiled spring. The slidable trigger piece 37 is formed with a projection 41 selectively engageable with the presser face 39 and the pull face 40. The elastic member 42 used to urge the pivot handle 34 normally towards the closed position is mounted on the pivot handle 34 and, for this purpose has one end engaged with the projection 41 and the opposite end engaged in the recess 38. With the slidable trigger piece 37 held in the retracted position as shown in Fig. 8, the slidable trigger piece 37 is spaced a slight distance from the adjacent partition brim 13. Reference numeral 43 represents a cover plate overhanging the slidable trigger piece 37 and also overlaying a front top area of the pivot handle 34. The slidable trigger piece 37 is positioned within an area encompassed by the length L3 of the pivot handle 37 as measured in a direction widthwise of the refrigerator housing 1 so that the trigger mechanism can be assembled compact. It is to be noted that the pivot handle 37 and its associated component parts including the slidable trigger piece 37, which has been described in association with the drawing door 10 is equally employed in each of the remaining drawing doors 11 and 12. Hereinafter, respective operations of the handles employed in the refrigerator according to the present invention will be described. The hinged handle 24 has the grip 25 of a design that permits a user's hand to easily grip the hinged handle 24 from any of three directions, top, bottom and non-fixed portion, and is capable of opening the hingedly supported door 9. When the hinged handle 24 is pivoted counterclockwise about the hinge pin 32 at the time the hingedly supported door 9 is desired to be opened, the trigger piece 26 moves a slight distance and is then brought into contact with the partition brim 13. Then, the hingedly supported door 9 is pivoted clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 2, about the hinge pins 19. Further opening of the hingedly supported door 9 can be achieved when the user opens the hingedly supported door 9 in the clockwise direction. More specifically, since the trigger piece 26 can move freely during the pivot of the hinged handle 24, it can be moved by application of a light force thereto. When this manipulation is continued, the trigger piece 26 is temporarily brought into contact with the partition brim 13 to partially separate the magnetic gasket, rigid with the hingedly supported door 9, from the open edge and, therefrom further opening of the hingedly supported door 9 can be achieved with a slight force and without being affected by the magnetic force of attraction developed between the magnetic gasket 14 and the front brim 13. Release of the user's hand from the grip 25 of the handle 24 results in the handle 24 being returned to the initial position by the effect of the biasing force of the elastic member 33. Where food material is desired to be removed from one of the storage containers, for example, the storage container 21 , the associated drawing door 10 has to be pulled forward. For this purpose, the user must insert his or her hand into the recess 38 to position fingers in between the pivot handle 34 and the bottom of the recess 38 and then pull the pivot handle 34 forwards to allow the pivot handle 34 to be angularly moved from the closed position towards the opened position. This pivot of the pivot handle 34 towards the opened position results in contact of the presser face 39 with the projection 41 and, therefore, further pivot of the pivot handle 34 towards the opened position is accompanied by the sliding movement of the trigger piece 37 from the retracted position towards the projected position. As a result of abutment of the trigger piece 37 against the partition brim 13, the magnetic gasket rigid with the drawing door 10 then held in tight contact with the partition brim 13 by the effect of the magnetic force of attraction is separated a distance away from the partition brim 13 so that further movement of the drawing door 10 towards the opened position can be achieved by application with a light pulling force thereto. It is to be noted that after the magnetic gasket 14 has been forcibly separated from the partition brim 13 by the action of the trigger piece 37, the pull of the drawing door 10 to make access to the storage container 21 can be carried out smoothly in a manner generally performed with that of the conventional refrigerator. As a matter of design, release of the hand from the pivot handle 34 results in automatic return of the pivot handle 34 to the closed position by the effect of the biasing force of the elastic member 42 with the trigger piece 37 consequently brought back to the retracted position by the engagement between the pull face 40 and the projection 41 and, therefore, when the drawing door 10 once opened is to be closed, a simple push is sufficient and the trigger piece 37 does not abut against the partition brim 13 when the drawing door 10 is thus closed. In the structure described above, since the pivot handle 34 for each of the drawing doors 10 to 12 is positioned intermediate of the width of the associated drawing door, there is no possibility that the force the user applies to the drawing door will be biased. Also, since the trigger piece 37 is arranged within the dimension of the pivot handle 34, there is no possibility that the user may feel a sense of incongruity at any location on the handle 34, which would otherwise occur when the trigger piece 37 is brought into abutment with the partition brim 13. Also, since the material for the handle 24 is mixed with the antimicrobial agent to render the handle 24 to have an antimicrobial characteristic, the handle 24 tends to be contaminated in contact with the user's hand can advantageously be kept sanitary and clean. In addition, formation of the knurling on the grip 25 of the handle to provide the fine surface irregularities is effective to avoid any possible of slippage of the user's hand grasping the handle 24 to thereby improve the operativity. Furthermore, since by allowing the trigger pieces 26 and 27 to abut against the associated partition brims 13 the abutment position of a dimension longer than the thickness of the refrigerator housing 5 can be secured, a simple adjustment can be achieved as compared with adjustment of the abutment with an outer casing. It is to be noted that although in the foregoing embodiment the trigger piece is not held in abutment with a wall pressure of the refrigerator housing, there should be no problem even if it is held in abutment therewith. It is to be noted that the term "open edge" hereinbefore and hereinafter used and also used in the appended claims is intended to means any of the front and partition brims. Second Embodiment (Figs. 10 to 15) Referring now to Figs. 10 to 15, reference numeral 44 represents a covering provided on a portion of the hinged handle 24 opposite to the hinge A so as to cover a region extending from the hinge A to an extension face 45 of a portion of the handle 24 opposite to the grip 25. A gap between the covering 44 and one end of the extension face 45 is of a value L4 which is preferably as small as possible. However, since when the hingedly supported door 9 is to be opened, this extension face 45 moves in a direction close towards the door and counter to the direction of movement of the grip 25 of the handle 24, there is no possibility of the user's hand being jammed. The drawing door 10 has the storage container which is smaller, but lighter than that of any of the drawing doors 11 and 12 and, therefore, the handle 47 associated therewith is of any known pull-type structure whereas only the remaining drawing doors 11 and 12 are provided with a pivotable grip handle 46 as will be described hereinafter. The drawing door 11 (as well as any of the other drawing door 12 although those drawing doors 11 and 12 have a varying height) has a decorative plate 48 fixedly mounted on an upper edge thereof. This decorative plate 48 has a portion thereof formed with a cavity 49 recessed downwardly thereof as viewed in Fig. 15, and a slidable trigger piece 50 is disposed within the cavity 49 for sliding movement between retracted and projected positions, as shown respectively in Figs. 13 and 14, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drawing door 11 and also to the associated partition brim 13. A portion of the front panel 11a of the drawing door 11 is formed with a recess 51 for accommodating the slidable trigger piece 50. The pivot handle 46 has an upper portion pivotally supported within the recess 51 by means of a pivot pin 52 mounted on the decorative plate 48 so as to straddle the recess 51. The slidable trigger piece 50 is formed with pins 53 protruding laterally outwardly from one end thereof and is operatively coupled with the handle 46 with the pins 53 received in respective engagement grooves 54. An elastic member 55 such as, for example, a coil spring has its opposite ends held in contact with the handle 46 and the bottom of the recess 51 to urge the handle 46 normally towards the closed position as shown in Fig. 13 and hence to urge the slidable trigger piece 50 towards the retracted position. With the slidable trigger piece 50 so positioned at the retracted position as shown in Fig. 13, one end of the slidable trigger piece 50 remote from the handle 46 is spaced a slight distance from the associated partition brim 13. Reference numeral 56 represents a covering mounted on the decorative plate 48 so as to overhang the slidable trigger piece 50 and also to cover a top front portion of the handle 46. As is the case with the foregoing embodiment, the slidable trigger piece 50 is positioned within an area encompassed by the length L3 of the pivot handle 46 as measured in a direction widthwise of the refrigerator housing 1. Since the covering 44 is used to cover that end portion of the handle 24 in the hingedly supported door 9, there is no possibility that the user's hand may be jammed by that end of the handle. Also, since the uppermost drawing door 10 is provided with the storage container which is shallower and lighter than any of the other drawing doors 11 and 12, it can be opened with a slight force even though the handle is not designed to be of a movable type and elimination of use of the movable handle makes it possible to reduce the cost. It is to be noted that the handles 24 and 46 employed in the second embodiment of the present invention bring about effects and advantages similar to those discussed in connection with the foregoing embodiment of the present invention. Third Embodiment (Figs. 16 and 17) Referring now to Figs. 16 and 17, the hinged handle 24 is pivotally connected to a bottom left corner of the hingedly supported door 9 remote from the hinge with its grip 25 extending upright in a direction conforming to the longitudinal sense of the refrigerator housing 1. Accordingly, the dimension B of the handle 24 having the grip 25 as measured in a direction widthwise of the hingedly supported door 9 can be minimized, making it difficult for the user and his or her cloth to be caught thereby. Also, during the use, the handle 24 moves to push a portion of the refrigerator housing 1 and, accordingly, the force necessary to selectively open and close the hingedly supported door 9 can be advantageously be minimized. Fourth Embodiment (Fig. 18) In the forth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerator housing 1 has drawing doors 57 and 58 juxtaposed in side-by-side relation and positioned at a location generally intermediate of the height of the refrigerator housing 1. Although not shown, these drawing doors 57 and 58 include a respective storage container. As viewed in Fig. 18, the left drawing door 57 has the handle 34 positioned at a top middle portion thereof and the right drawing door 58 has the handle 34 positioned at a bottom middle portion. While the handle 34 in the left drawing door 57 when pulled to pivot moves forwardly and upwardly, the handle 34 in the right drawing door 58 is, when pulled to pivot, moved forwardly and downwardly. While the structure and the operation of those handles 34 in the left and right drawing doors 57 and 58 are substantially identical with each other and are not therefore reiterated, it should be noted that the operativity of each of the handles 34 will not be adversely affected by the specific layout of those handles 34. Fifth Embodiment (Fig. 19) In this fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 19, the uppermost drawing door 10 has the handle 46 positioned at a bottom middle portion thereof whereas the intermediate drawing door 11 has the handle 46 positioned at a top middle portion thereof so as to confront the handle 46 in the uppermost drawing door 10. Accordingly, the handle 46 in the uppermost drawing door 10 although substantially identical in structure with that in the intermediate drawing door 11 is reversed relative to the handle 46 in the intermediate drawing door 11 and, therefore, while the handle 46 in the intermediate drawing door 11 when pulled to pivot moves forwardly and upwardly, the handle 46 in the uppermost drawing door 10 is, when pulled to pivot, moved forwardly and downwardly. While the structure and the operation of those handles 46 in the drawing doors 10 and 11 are substantially identical with each other and are not therefore reiterated for the sake of brevity, it should be noted that the operativity of each of the handles 46 will not be adversely affected by the specific layout of those handles 46. Sixth Embodiment (Fig. 20) In this sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 20, the concept of the present invention is applied to the refrigerator of the type employing a casement door assembly including left and right swing doors 59 and 60 each hingedly supported by a respective pair of upper and lower hinge pins 61 and 62. The left swing door 59 has a bottom right corner provided with the handle 24 whereas the right swing door 60 has a bottom left corner provided with the handle 24. These handles 24 associated respectively with the swing doors 59 and 60 include the respective trigger pieces which are arranged symmetrically so as to be engageable with the partition brim 13 and are arranged with their grips 25 extending generally horizontally in a direction widthwise of the refrigerator housing 1. Also, although not shown, the magnetic gasket is at this time held in sealing contact with three sides of the refrigerator housing. The pivot handles can be applied even to the casement door assembly as discussed with reference to Fig. 20. In addition, the pivot handles applied to the casement door assembly can be tailored and designed aesthetically to provide the refrigerator having appealing features. Seventh Embodiment (Fig. 21 ) Even in this seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 21 , the concept of the present invention is applied to the refrigerator of the type employing the casement door assembly similar to that used in the sixth embodiment and including the left and right swing doors 59 and 60 each hingedly supported by a respective pair of upper and lower hinge pins 61 and 62. The left swing door 59 has a bottom right corner provided with the handle 24 with its grip 25 oriented upright in a direction parallel to the longitudinal sense of the refrigerator housing 1 whereas the right swing door 60 has a bottom left corner provided with the handle 24 with its grip 25 oriented upright in a direction parallel to the longitudinal sense of the refrigerator housing 1 and parallel with the grip 25 of the handle 24 in the left swing door 59. Although not shown, the magnetic gasket is at this time held in sealing contact with three sides of the refrigerator housing. The pivot handles can be applied even to the casement door assembly as discussed with reference to Fig. 20. In addition, the pivot handles applied to the casement door assembly can be tailored and designed aesthetically to provide the refrigerator having appealing features. In addition, since the dimension B of each of the handles 24 having the respective grips 25 as measured in a direction widthwise of the hingedly supported door 9 can be minimized, it is possible to minimize the possibility of the user and his or her cloth being caught thereby. Eighth Embodiment (Fig. 22) Referring to Fig. 22 showing an eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention, reference numerals 63, 64 and 65 represents respective drawing doors each movable between a forwardly drawn, open position and a rearwardly retracted, closed position along guide rails (not shown) and including includes a corresponding storage container (not shown) fitted thereto while opening upwardly. As far as the depth and the capacity are concerned, the storage container fitted to the intermediate drawing door 64 has the smallest of all, i.e., similar to the storage container 21 of Fig. 2. The uppermost storage container associated with the uppermost drawing door 63 is used as a crispy container for accommodating vegetables, the intermediate storage container associated with the intermediate drawing door 64 is used as a multi-purpose container, and the lowermost storage container associated with the lowermost drawing door 65 is used as a freezer container. Since the intermediate drawing door 64 has the storage container is of the smaller size as compared with those associated with the uppermost and lowermost drawing doors 63 and 65 and is therefore light-weight, the handle 66 associated therewith is of any known pull-type structure whereas only the remaining drawing doors 63 and 65 12 are provided with the pivotable grip handle 46. It is to be noted that the multi-purpose storage container associated with the intermediate drawing door 64 may be cooled to a temperature generally intermediate between freezing and refrigerating temperatures and may therefore be used to accommodate perishables such fishes and/or meats, or may be designed so as to be cooled to any desired temperature between the freezing and refrigerating temperatures by the provision of a specially designed damper (not shown) so that the intermediate storage container can be used as desired to provide a food storage space. In this structure described with reference to Fig. 22, since the light-weight storage container of a shallow depth as compared with those associated with any other drawing doors 63 and 65 is fitted to the intermediate drawing door 64, it can be opened with a slight force even though the handle is not designed to be of a movable type and elimination of use of the movable handle makes it possible to reduce the cost. It is eventually pointed out that in view of the health care getting considered important in these recent years, the design has been made in which the crispy container which is most often accessed is preferentially placed at a level of the refrigerator at which the user can gain an entire perspective of the storage container without being forced to bow and, therefore, the layout of the drawing doors according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 22 in which the drawing door of the smallest height is placed at a portion of the refrigerator housing 1 generally intermediate of the height thereof is effective to increase the utility of the refrigerator embodying the present invention. Ninth Embodiment (Fig. 23) In Fig. 23, reference numerals 67 and 68 represent right and left drawing doors, respectively, which are positioned between the uppermost drawing door 63 and the lowermost drawing door 65. Each of the right and left drawing doors 67 and 68 is movable between a forwardly drawn, open position and a rearwardly retracted, closed position along guide rails (not shown) and including includes a corresponding storage container (not shown) fitted thereto while opening upwardly. As far as the depth and the capacity are concerned, the storage container fitted to each of the right and left drawing doors 67 and 68 are small as compared with those of the storage container associated with each of the uppermost and lowermost drawing doors 63 and 65 (See the storage container 21 of Fig. 2 with respect to the depth of them). In the illustrated embodiment, the storage container associated with the right drawing door 67 is used as a multi-purpose container whereas that with the left drawing door 68 is used as an icing chamber. Since as compared with any of the drawing doors 63 and 65 each of the drawing doors 67 and 68 has the respective storage container having a relatively small depth and a relatively small width and is therefore light-weight, any of the drawing doors 67 and 68 can be opened with a sufficiently small force even though no movable handle is employed, making it possible to reduce the cost. In addition, in view of the health care getting considered important in these recent years, the design has been made in which the crispy container which is most often accessed is preferentially placed at a level of the refrigerator at which the user can gain an entire perspective of the storage container without being forced to bow and, therefore, the layout of the drawing doors according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 22 in which the drawing door of the smallest height is placed at a portion of the refrigerator housing 1 generally intermediate of the height thereof is effective to increase the utility of the refrigerator embodying the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, unless they depart therefrom.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a door for selectively opening and closing the forward opening of the thermally insulated housing; a magnetic gasket positioned between the door and the thermally insulated housing and fitted to a portion of the door which is engageable with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing; a pivotally supported handle connected to the door for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; and a trigger member drivingly coupled with the handle for movement between projected and retracted positions whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 2. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the trigger member is positioned within an area encompassed by a length of the handle. 3. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 1 , further comprising an elastic member for biasing the handle normally towards the closed position. 4. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the trigger member is positioned exterior to the gasket. 5. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the trigger member is made of a synthetic resin and said open edge to which the trigger member is engaged is made of an iron plate. 6. The refrigerator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the trigger member is made of a synthetic resin and said open edge to which the trigger member is engaged is made of a synthetic resin. 7. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the handle is made of a material mixed with an antimicrobial agent to render the handle to have an antimicrobial characteristic. 8. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the handle has a grip having fine surface irregularities formed by knurling. 9. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a door hinged to one side of the thermally insulated housing by means of a hinge for selectively opening and closing the forward opening of the thermally insulated housing; a magnetic gasket positioned between the door and the thermally insulated housing and fitted to a portion of the door which is engageable with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing; a pivotally supported handle connected to a portion of the door remote from the hinge for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; and a trigger member drivingly coupled with the handle for movement between projected and retracted positions whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 10. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the handle is pivotally connected to one corner portion of the door remote from the hinge and the abutment face to which the trigger member is engageable is defined in a portion of one corner of the gasket. 11. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the handle has a grip defined therein and is positioned with the grip extending generally horizontally. 12. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the handle has a grip defined therein and is positioned with the grip extending generally horizontally and the position at which the trigger member is engageable with the open edge is defined on one side of the door hinge remote from a pivot axis about which the handle pivots. 13. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the handle has a grip defined therein and is positioned with the grip extending generally horizontally and the position at which the trigger member is engageable with the open edge is defined on one side of the door hinge remote from a pivot axis about which the handle pivots, and further comprising a covering for covering an area extending from the pivot axis of the handle to a side face of the handle opposite to the grip. 14. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the handle has a grip defined therein and is supported with the grip extending upright. 15. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a partition edge dividing an interior of the thermally insulated housing into upper and lower compartments; a door hinged to one side of the thermally insulated housing by means of a hinge for selectively opening and closing at least the divided compartment; a magnetic gasket fitted to the door and positioned between the door and both of the thermally insulated housing and the partition; a pivotally supported handle connected to a portion of the door remote from the hinge for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; and a trigger member engageable with the partition edge and drivingly coupled with the handle for movement between projected and retracted positions whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the partition edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the partition edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the partition edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 16. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 15, wherein the partition edge has a thickness greater than that of a front side edge of an outer casing forming a part of the thermally insulated housing. 17. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; an encasement door assembly including first and second doors for selectively opening and closing the forward opening of the thermally insulated housing; a magnetic gasket fitted to each of the doors of the encasement door assembly and positioned between the door and the thermally insulated housing for engagement with at least three sides; a pivotally supported handle connected to a portion of each of the doors remote from the hinge for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively, the handles for the first and second doors being arranged symmetrically with respect to each other; and a trigger member engageable with an open edge and drivingly coupled with each of the handles for movement between projected and retracted positions whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 18. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 17, wherein each of the handles has a grip defined therein and is positioned with the grip extending generally horizontally. 19. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 17, wherein each of the handles has a grip defined therein and is supported with the grip extending upright. 20. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a drawing door for covering the forward opening of the thermally insulated housing; a magnetic gasket positioned between the drawing door and the thermally insulated housing and fitted to the drawing door; a pivotally supported handle connected to the drawing door for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; and a trigger member engageable with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing and drivingly coupled with the handle for movement between projected and retracted positions whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 21. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 20, wherein the handle is disposed on a top portion of the drawing door. 22. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 20, wherein the handle is disposed on a lower portion of the drawing door. 23. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 20, wherein the handle is disposed on a top or lower middle portion of the drawing door. 24. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 21 , wherein the handle has a grip defined therein, said grip being gripped by a user when the door is desired to be moved from the closed position towards the open position, said handle being pivotable from a closed position towards a opened position with the grip thereof moving forwardly and angularly upwardly to cause the trigger member to move from the retracted position towards the projected position. 25. A refrigerator which comprises: a drawing door disposed forwardly of an opening of a thermally insulated housing and movable between open and closed position together with a storage container; a pair of guide rails disposed respectively on inner side surfaces of the thermally insulated housing for guiding a movement of the drawing door between the open and closed positions; a pivot shaft joumalled to the drawing door; a handle pivotable about the pivot shaft; and a trigger member reciprocatingly movable in response to the pivot of the handle about the pivot shaft between projected and retracted positions and disposed on a lower side or an upper side adjacent the guide rails, said trigger member when moved to the projected position being brought into abutment with a portion of the housing such that during manipulation of the handle the drawing door is moved towards the open position by engagement of the trigger member against that portion of the housing. 26. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 25, wherein the handle is disposed on a top portion of the drawing door. 27. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 25, wherein the handle is disposed on a lower portion of the drawing door. 28. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 25, wherein the handle is disposed on a top or lower middle portion of the drawing door. 29. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 26, wherein the handle has a grip defined therein, said grip being gripped by a user when the door is desired to be moved from the closed position towards the open position, said handle being pivotable from a closed position towards a opened position with the grip thereof moving forwardly and angularly upwardly to cause the trigger member to move from the retracted position towards the projected position. 30. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a partition wall dividing an interior of the thermally insulated housing into upper and lower compartments; a hingedly supported door hinged to one side of the thermally insulated housing by means of a hinge for selectively opening and closing the upper compartment; a drawing door for covering an opening leading into the lower compartment, said drawing door including a storage container; a magnetic gasket fitted to each of the doors and positioned between the respective door and the thermally insulated housing; a first pivotable handle mounted to a portion of the hingedly supported door remote from the hinge for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; a second pivotable handle mounted to the drawing door; and a trigger member drivingly connected with each of the doors for movement between projected and retracted positions and engagement with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing, whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the associated handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 31. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 30, wherein the drawing door is provided in a plural number, the plural drawing doors being positioned one above the other. 32. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 31 , wherein the second pivotable handle is employed in each of the drawing doors except for the drawing door having the storage container of the smallest depth. 33. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 31 , wherein the uppermost one of the drawing doors is positioned at a level spaced 1 meter above a floor surface. 34. The refrigerator as claimed in Claim 32, wherein the uppermost one of the drawing doors is positioned at a level spaced 1 meter above a floor surface. 35. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a plurality of partition walls dividing an interior of the thermally insulated housing into uppermost, first intermediate, second intermediate and lowermost compartments; a hingedly supported door hinged to one side of the thermally insulated housing by means of a hinge for selectively opening and closing the uppermost compartment; a drawing door for covering an opening leading into each of the first and second intermediate and lowermost compartments, said drawing door including a respective storage container; a magnetic gasket fitted to each of the doors and positioned between the respective door and the thermally insulated housing; a first pivotable handle mounted to a portion of the hingedly supported door remote from the hinge for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; a second pivotable handle mounted on a top portion of each of the first and second intermediate and lowermost compartments; and a trigger member drivingly connected with each of the doors for movement between projected and retracted positions and engagement with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing, whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the associated handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door. 36. A refrigerator which comprises: a thermally insulated housing opening forwards at a front surface thereof; a plurality of partition walls dividing an interior of the thermally insulated housing into uppermost, first intermediate, second intermediate and lowermost compartments, said first intermediate compartment being positioned immediately below the uppermost compartment and above the second intermediate compartment; a hingedly supported door hinged to one side of the thermally insulated housing by means of a hinge for selectively opening and closing the uppermost compartment; uppermost, first intermediate, second intermediate and lowermost drawing doors for covering respective openings leading into the first and second intermediate and lowermost compartments, each of said drawing doors including a respective storage container, the storage container in the uppermost drawing door having the smallest depth; a magnetic gasket fitted to each of the doors and positioned between the respective door and the thermally insulated housing; a first pivotable handle mounted to a portion of the hingedly supported door remote from the hinge for movement between opened and closed positions for opening and closing the door, respectively; a second pivotable handle mounted on a top portion of each of the second intermediate and lowermost compartments; and a trigger member drivingly connected with each of the hingedly supported, first and second intermediate and lowermost drawing doors for movement between projected and retracted positions and engagement with an open edge of the thermally insulated housing, whereby said trigger member is moved from the retracted position towards the projected position, as the associated handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position, to abut against the open edge to thereby physically release a contact between the magnetic gasket and the open edge, said trigger member being spaced a distance from an abutment face of the open edge of the thermally insulated housing so long as the handle is held in the closed position, but temporarily brought into engagement with the abutment face of the thermally insulated housing as the handle is pivoted from the closed position towards the opened position to open the door.

Inventors: AOKI TAKASHI, KAWAMURA TADAHIRO, MANABE AKIHIKO, MORIMOTO KATSUHIKO, MORIUCHI TOSHIYUKI, ONAKA TAKESHI, SUZUKI KOJI, TAKANISHI HIDETOMO, TAKEUCHI KAZUYOSHI, WAKI HIROFUMI, AOKI, TAKASHI, KAWAMURA, TADAHIRO, MANABE, AKIHIKO, MORIMOTO, KATSUHIKO, MORIUCHI, TOSHIYUKI, ONAKA, TAKESHI, SUZUKI, KOJI, TAKANISHI, HIDETOMO, TAKEUCHI, KAZUYOSHI, WAKI, HIROFUMI
Applicants: AOKI TAKASHI, KAWAMURA TADAHIRO, MANABE AKIHIKO, MATSUSHITA REFRIGERATION, MORIMOTO KATSUHIKO, MORIUCHI TOSHIYUKI, ONAKA TAKESHI, SUZUKI KOJI, TAKANISHI HIDETOMO, TAKEUCHI KAZUYOSHI, WAKI HIROFUMI, AOKI, TAKASHI, KAWAMURA, TADAHIRO, MANABE, AKIHIKO, MATSUSHITA REFRIGERATION COMPANY, MORIMOTO, KATSUHIKO, MORIUCHI, TOSHIYUKI, ONAKA, TAKESHI, SUZUKI, KOJI, TAKANISHI, HIDETOMO, TAKEUCHI, KAZUYOSHI, WAKI, HIROFUMI
Application year: 1999
Main classification: F25D23
IPC codes: E05B1, E05B7, E05B17, E05C19, F25D23