AUTOMATIC POSITIONING CONTROL SYSTEM

Abstract: A mower (10) is provided and includes a frame (12), a mower deck (20) operatively mounted to the frame and having a first cutting blade, an engine (14) for use in selectively rotating the blade, and a position control system (30) for use in positioning the mower deck. The position control system includes a vacuum actuator (32), a connection member (40) for operatively connecting the vacuum actuator to the mower deck, the intake manifold (17) of the engine (14) for use in providing a vacuum to the vacuum actuator (32), a position controller (51) for use in selectively activating the vacuum actuator and, a feedback bar (81) for feeding back the position of the mower deck to the position controller. To adjust the position of the mower deck (20), the following steps are carried out. First, a control lever (52) is positioned by the operator. Then, the vacuum actuator (32) is brought into communication with the intake manifold (17). This causes a first side (34) of the vacuum actuator to move in a first direction (24) thereby forcing the mower deck (20) to move in the same first direction. Next, the position of the mower deck is fed back to the position controller (51). The vacuum actuator (32) is then dis-communicated from the intake manifold (17). This stops the motion of the first side (34) of the vacuum actuator in the first direction (24) and thus stops the motion of the mower deck (20) in the first direction (24).

Description: 1 AUTOMATIC POSITIONING CONTROL SYSTEM Priority Claim This utility application claims priority from Provisional Application Serial No. 60/072,773 filed January 27, 1998. Technical Field This invention pertains to the art of methods and apparatuses for vacuum actuators, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for automatically controlling the position of an object on a lawn tractor with a vacuum actuator. Background Art It is well .known to provide riding lawn mowers with control devices for various mechanisms on the mower. For example U.S. Patent No. 5,351,467 to Trefz et al. discloses an apparatus for suspending, raising and lowering a cutting deck that is held beneath a riding lawn mower. Trefz et al. disclose a foot pedal for use in adjusting the height of the cutting deck. A suspending assembly is also provided for the additional adjustment of the height of the cutting deck. Thus cumbersome hand and foot manipulation is required to adjust the height of the cutting mechanism of this disclosure. It also .known in the art to provide complex and expensive hydraulic systems for adjusting mower decks. What is needed is an easy yet inexpensive and relatively simple apparatus and method for automatically adjusting the height of a mower deck having infinite adjustability within a given range. U.S. Patent No. 5,353,578 to Irby et al. discloses a drive system for lawn mowers. The drive system includes a speed control mechanism and is intended for a walk-behind mower. Manual adjustment of a lever is required to adjust this drive system. It is also .known in the art to provide for complex and relatively expensive systems for controlling the speed of a riding lawn mower. What is needed is an easy, relatively inexpensive method and apparatus for automatically controlling the speed of a riding lawn mower having infinite adjustability within a given range. The present invention provides a positioning control system that automatically controls the position of an object that may be associated with a lawn tractor. The 2 positioning control system can be used to control the height of a mower deck, the speed of a lawn tractor or many other such applications. Thus, the positioning control system of this invention is simple in design, effective in use, and overcomes the foregoing difficulties and others while providing better and more advantageous overall results. Disclosure of the Invention According to one aspect of the present invention, a mower is provided and includes a frame, a mower deck operatively mounted to the frame, an engine for use in selectively rotating the blade, and a position control system for use in positioning the mower deck. The position control system includes a vacuum actuator, connecting means for operatively connecting the vacuum actuator to the mower deck, vacuum means for use in providing a vacuum to the vacuum actuator, activating means for use selectively activating the vacuum actuator and, position feedback means for feeding back the position of the mower deck to the activating means. According to another aspect of this invention, the activating means includes a connection shaft fixedly connected to said frame, first and second control discs each having connection bores that receive the connection shaft and are selectively rotatable about said connection shaft and, a control lever operatively connected to the first control disc. According to another aspect of this invention a positioning control system for controlling the position of an object is provided. The positioning control system includes a vacuum actuator, connecting means for operatively connecting the vacuum actuator to the object, vacuum means for providing a vacuum to the vacuum actuator, activating means for selectively activating the vacuum actuator and, position feedback means for feeding back the position of the object to the activating means. According to still another aspect of this invention, a method for adjusting the position of a mower deck is provided. The method includes the following steps. First, a control lever is positioned by the operator. Then, the vacuum actuator is brought into communication with the intake manifold. This causes a first side of the vacuum actuator to move in a first direction thereby forcing the mower deck to move 3 in the same first direction. Next, the position of the mower deck is fed back to the position controller. The vacuum actuator is then dis-communicated from the intake manifold. This stops the motion of the first side of the vacuum actuator in the first direction and thus stops the motion of the mower deck in the first direction. One advantage of the present invention is that the positioning control system automatically controls the position of an object with infinite adjustability within a given range. Another advantage of the present invention is that the positioning control system can be used with nearly any object that requires positioning control such as a lever, a rod or any other such member. Thus purposes as diverse as controlling the height of a mower deck and controlling the speed of a vehicle can be accomplished with this invention. Still another advantage of the present invention is that its power is of no financial cost when the intake manifold of an engine is used to provide the required vacuum. Brief Description of the Drawings The invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangement of parts, a preferred embodiment of which will be described in detail in this specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and wherein: FIGU.RE 1 is an elevation side view of a typical lawn tractor shown partially cut away to illustrate the positioning control system of this present invention. FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of the positioning control system showing how an object can be position controlled. FIGURE 3 is a perspective end view of the first control disc shown with exaggerated thickness to better illustrate how the first and second ports commumcate the inner surface to the outer surface. FIGURE 4 is a perspective end view of the second control disc shown with exaggerated thickness to better illustrate how the port communicates the inner surface to the outer surface. 4 FIGURE 5 is an enlarged partial side view of the position controller showing the sealing means used to maintain the first and second control discs in sealing relationship. FIGURE 6 is an end view illustrating the inner surface of the first control disc on the same plane as the inner surface of the second control disc and showing the angular length of the slot surface of the first port of the first control disc. Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for purposes of illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention only and not for purposes of limiting the same, FIGURE 1 shows a lawn tractor 10 that is equipped with a positioning control system 30 for use in controlling the position of an object 18. This preferred embodiment is directed to a lawn tractor 10 having a mower deck 20 as the object 18 but the invention is applicable to other mowers, other vehicles and other applications as well. The lawn tractor 10 has a frame 12 and an engine 14. The engine 14 can be of any type currently used in the art but preferably includes a vacuum means 16 such as an intake manifold 17 as shown in FIGURE 2. It should be noted that other vacuum means such as a vacuum pump can also be used with this invention. The engine 14 is used, as is commonly .known in the art, to drive one or more cutting blades (not shown) that rotate within the mower deck 20. The mower deck 20 is operatively connected to the frame 12 by any means chosen with sound engineering judgement such as by being pivotably connected to an attachment bar 19 that is pivotably connected to the frame 12 as shown in FIGURE 1. With reference now to FIGURES 1-2, the object 18 can be any object chosen with sound engineering judgement that requires positioning control. The object 18 may be, for example, a lever, a rod or any other such member. As noted above and shown in FIGURE 1, the object 18 shown is the mower deck 20. The mower deck 20 can be position adjusted in either first direction 24, second direction 25 or it may remain in its given position. Other applications would include the control of the speed of the lawn tractor 10, the height adjustment of a snow blower chute (not shown) or many other applications as well. 5 With continuing reference to FIGURES 1-2, the positioning control system 30 includes a vacuum actuator 32, connecting means 40 for operatively connecting the vacuum actuator 32 to the object 18, the vacuum means 16 for providing a vacuum to the vacuum actuator 32, activating means 50 for selectively activating the vacuum actuator 32, and position feedback means 80 for feeding back the position of the object 18 to the activating means 50. Preferably the position feedback means 80 selectively de-activates the activating means 50 and thereby selectively de-activates the vacuum actuator 32 as required. In this way the object 18 can be maintained at its given position. Still referring to FIGURES 1-2, any vacuum actuator chosen with sound engineering judgement is useful in this invention. As shown in FIGURE 2, a first vacuum line 22 is used to communicate the vacuum means 16 to the activating means 50. A second vacuum line 23 is used to communicate the activating means 50 to the vacuum actuator 32. The vacuum actuator 32 has a first side 34 that moves in the first direction 24 as a vacuum is established inside the vacuum actuator 32. A vacuum is established, as is commonly known in the art, by removing air from inside the vacuum actuator 32. When a vacuum within the vacuum actuator 32 is removed, that is air is permitted to enter the vacuum actuator 32, the first side 34 moves in the second direction 25. Therefore, the vacuum actuator 32 can be initiated by either establishing a vacuum within or removing a vacuum from the vacuum actuator 32. In either case, the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator 32 will move accordingly. Such movement of the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator 32 can be used in controlling the position of the object 18 as will be discussed further below. The vacuum actuator 32 is attached to the frame 12 of the lawn tractor 10 by any means chosen with sound engineering judgement such as by using an actuator bracket 33 as shown in FIGURE 1. With continuing reference to FIGURES 1-2, the connecting means 40 can also be of any type chosen with sound engineering judgement that can receive and transmit both tensile and compressive forces. The connecting means 40 operatively connects the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator 32 to the object 18 that may be the mower deck 20. The movement of the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator 32 will 6 be transmitted through the connecting means 40 to the object 18 that is being positioned controlled. Still referring to FIGURES 1-2, in the preferred embodiment the engine 14 of the lawn tractor 10 comprises the intake manifold 17 as is commonly .known in the art. The intake manifold 17 is preferably used as the vacuum means 16 for providing a vacuum to the vacuum actuator 32. In this way, as long as the engine 14 is running, there is a vacuum means 16 available for the vacuum actuator 32. It should be noted that other vacuum means, such as a vacuum pump (not shown), can be used with this invention. This is especially useful when the engine 14 is not an internal combustion engine but instead is, for example, an electric motor. As noted above, the first vacuum line 22 communicates the intake manifold 17 to the activating means 50. With reference now to FIGURES 1-5, the activating means 50 used to selectively activate the vacuum actuator 32 can be of any type chosen with sound engineering judgement. In this preferred embodiment, the activating means 32 is a position controller 51 that includes first and second control discs 53, 54. The first and second control discs 53, 54 have inner surfaces 55, 57 and outer surfaces 56, 58 respectively. The inner surface 55 of the first control disc 53 faces the inner surface 57 of the second control disc 54. The first and second control discs 53, 54 have connection bores 59, 60 that are positioned concentrically to receive a connection shaft 73, shown in FIGU.RE 5, having first and second ends 78, 79. The connection shaft 73 is preferably fixedly attached to the frame 12. The first and second control discs 53, 54 are selectively rotatable about the connection shaft 73 as will be discussed further below. A control lever 52 is operatively connected to the first control disc 53 and is used by an operator to position the first control disc 53. This in turn positions the object 18 as will be discussed further below. Preferably, the control lever 52 has labeled positions that correspond to the optional positions for the object. For example, the control lever 52 may have labeled positions corresponding to the available ranges of mower deck height for the mower deck 20. With reference now to FIGURES 2-3 and 5-6, the first control disc 53 has first and second ports 61, 62 each having first ends 63, 65 and second ends 64, 66 7 respectively. Thus, the first and second ports 61, 62 communicate the inner surface 55 to the outer surface 56 of the first control disc 53. The first end 63 of the first port 61 has a slot surface 67 coplanar with the inner surface 55 of the first control disc 53. As shown in FIGU.RES 3 and 6, the slot surface 67 is positioned angularly on the inner surface 55. The second port 62 similarly has a slot surface 68. The first port 61 is selectively used to commumcate the vacuum means 16 to the second control disc 54. Similarly, the second port 62 is used to selectively communicate air to the second control disc 54. With reference now to FIGURES 2 and 4-6, the second control disc 54 has a port 69 having first and second ends 70, 71. The first end 70 preferably has a surface hole 72 as seen in FIGURES 4 and 6. The port 69 communicates the inner surface 57 to the outer surface 58 of the second control disc 54. The port 69 of the second control disc 54 is selectively used to communicate either the first port 61 or the second port 62 of the first control disc 53 with the vacuum actuator 32. Alternately, the port 69 of the second control disc 54 may selectively be non- communicative with the first and second ports 61, 62 of the first control disc 53. This is the condition shown in FIGURE 6 where the surface hole 72 of the port 69 of the second control disc 54 is positioned between the first and second slot surfaces 67, 68 of the first control disc 53. Therefore, when the first port 61 of the first control disc 53 is aligned with the port 69 of the second control disc 54 the vacuum means 16 is communicated to the vacuum actuator 32. Similarly, when the second port 62 of the first control disc 53 is aligned with the port 69 of the second control disc 54, the atmosphere (not shown) is communicated to the vacuum actuator 32. When the port 69 of the second control disc 54 is not in alignment with either the first or second ports 61, 62 of the first control disc 53, as illustrated in FIGURE 6, the vacuum actuator 32 is communicated with the inner surface 55 of the first control disc 53. In other words, the vacuum actuator 32 is closed off and thus maintains whatever given pressure within that it has at that moment. In this case, the object 18 is maintained in its given position. With reference now to FIGURE 3-6, the first edge 43 of the slot surface 67 of the first port 61 is angularly spaced from the first edge 44 of the slot surface 68 of 8 the second port 62 by an angular length LI. The angular length LI sets the range of motion for the control lever 52. In other words, increasing the angular length LI increases the rotational range of motion for the control lever 52 and decreasing the angular length LI decreases the rotational range of motion for the control lever 52. The surface hole 72 is angularly spaced from the second edge 45 of the slot surface 68 by an angular distance Dl . The surface hole 72 may be similarly spaced from the second edge 46 of the slot surface 67. The angular distance Dl sets the range of motion for the control lever 52 wherein no control is achieved. In other words, increasing the angular distance Dl increases the angular motion of the control lever 52 required before the surface hole 72 becomes aligned with either of the slot surfaces 67 or 68. Decreasing the angular distance Dl decreases the angular motion of the control lever 52 required before the surface hole 72 becomes aligned with either of the slot surfaces 67 or 68. This provides for a quicker reaction rate for the operator and is preferred. With reference now to FIGURES 2 and 5, sealing means 74 is used to seal the first and second control discs 53, 54 together. In other words, the inner surface 55 of the first control disc 53 must maintain a sealing relationship with the inner surface 57 of the second control disc 54 that prevents air leakage but allows the first and second control discs 53, 54 to be rotated about the connection shaft 73 with respect to one another. The sealing means 74 can be of any type chosen with sound engineering judgement, but in the preferred embodiment includes a spring 75 that is positioned between the frame 12 of the lawn tractor and the outer surface 58 of the second control disc 54. It is further preferred that the spring 75 receive the connection shaft 73 as shown in FIGURE 5. The position controller 51 may also require rotation maintenance means 76 that maintains the position of the first control disc 53 as the second control disc 54 is rotated about the connection shaft 73. In other words, the rotation maintenance means 76 maintains the angular position of the first control disc 53 with respect to the frame 12 of the lawn tractor 10 and thus with respect to the operator. In the embodiment shown, the rotation maintenance means 76 includes a washer 77 that abuts the first end 78 of the connection shaft 73 and is fixedly connected to the first control disc 53. This is shown in FIGURE 5. 9 With reference now to FIGURES 1-2 and 5, the position feedback means 80 can be of any type chosen with sound engineering judgement that communicates the position of the object 18 to the activating means 50. The position feedback means 80 may include a feedback bar 81 that is connected to the object 18 and to an extension bracket 82 that is itself connected to the second control disc 54. With reference now to FIGURES 1-6, the operation of the positioning control system 30 will now be discussed. To adjust the position of the object 18, the operator first positions the control lever 52 to the appropriate place. This would rotate the first control disc 53 with respect to the second control disc 54 and the frame 12 of the lawn tractor 10. Thus, for example, if the operator desired to move the object 18 in first direction 24, the operator would place the control lever 52 in the appropriate position that would align the first port 61 of the first control disc 53 with the port 69 of the second control disc 54. This would communicate the vacuum actuator 32 with the vacuum means 16. Thus, a vacuum would be created within the vacuum actuator 32 causing the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator as well as the connecting means 40 and the object 18 to move in first direction 24. As the object 18 moves in the first direction 24, the feedback bar 81 also moves in the first direction 24 and causes the second control disc 54 to rotate about the connection shaft 73 with respect to the first control disc 53 and the frame 12. Thus, once the object 18 has obtained the proper position, the port 69 of the second control disc 54 would not longer be aligned with the first port 61 of the first control disc 53. Thus, the vacuum means 16 would no longer be in communication with the vacuum actuator 32. This would stop the motion of the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator and the object 18. With continuing reference to FIGURES 1-6, if the operator desired to move the object 18 in the second direction 25, the operator would place the control lever 52 in the appropriate position that would align the second port 62 of the first control disc 53 with the port 69 of the second control disc 54. This would communicate the vacuum actuator 32 with the atmosphere. Thus, air would be travel into the vacuum actuator 32 causing the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator as well as the connecting means 40 and the object 18 to move in the second direction 25. For a mower deck 10 20, as shown in FIGURE 1, gravity would also assist this motion. As the object 18 moves in the second direction 25, the feedback bar 81 also moves in the second direction 25 and causes the second control disc 54 to rotate about the connection shaft 73 with respect to the first control disc 53 and the frame 12 in a direction opposite to that mentioned above. Thus, once the object 18 has obtained the proper position, the port 69 of the second control disc 54 would not longer be aligned with the first port 61 of the first control disc 53. Thus, the atmosphere would no longer be in communication with the vacuum actuator 32. This would stop the motion of the first side 34 of the vacuum actuator and the object 18. The preferred embodiments have been described, hereinabove. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above methods may inco orate changes and modifications without departing from the general scope of this invention. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations in so far as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. Having thus described the invention, it is now claimed:

Claims: 11 CLAIM 1. A mower (10) including a frame (12) a mower deck (20) operatively mounted to the frame and having a first cutting blade, an engine (14) for use in selectively rotating the first cutting blade, an object (18) to be position controlled and, a position control system (30) for use in positioning the object, the position control system being characterized by: a vacuum actuator (32); connecting means (40) for operatively connecting said vacuum actuator to said object; vacuum means (16) for use in providing a vacuum to said vacuum actuator; activating means (50) for selectively activating said vacuum actuator; and, position feedback means (80) for feeding back the position of said object to said activating means. 2. The mower of claim 1 wherein: said engine (14) has an intake manifold (17) and said intake manifold is said vacuum means; and, said mower deck (20) is said object (18) to be position controlled. 3. The mower of claim 1 wherein said position feedback means (80) selectively de-activates said activating means (50) thereby selectively de-activating said vacuum actuator (32). 4. The mower of claim 1 further comprising: first and second vacuum lines (22), (23), said first vacuum line for use in communicating said vacuum means to said activating means, said second vacuum line for use in communicating said activating means to said vacuum actuator. 12 5. The mower of claim 1 wherein said activating means comprises: a connection shaft (73) fixedly connected to said frame (12); first and second control discs (53), (54) each having connection bores (59), (60) that receive said connection shaft and being selectively rotatable about said connection shaft; and, a control lever (52) operatively connected to said first control disc. 6. The mower of claim 5 wherein: said second control disc (54) has a port (69); and, said first control disc (53) has first and second ports (61), (62), said first port for use in selectively communicating said vacuum means to said port in said second disc, said second port for use in selectively communicating air to said port in said second disc. 7. The mower of claim 6 wherein: said first and second ports (61), (62) in said first control disc (53) have first ends (63), (65) with first and second slot surfaces (67), (68) on an inner surface (55) of said first control disc; said port (69) in said second control disc (54) has a first end (70) with a surface hole (72) on an inner surface (57) of said second control disc; said surface hole (72) being angularly spaced a distance Dl from edges of said first and second slot surfaces (67), (68) when said port (69) in said second control disc is non-communicative with said first and second ports (61), (62) in said first control disc. 8. The mower of claim 5 further comprising: sealing means (74) for use in sealing said first and second control discs (53), (54) together, said sealing means including a spring (75) positioned between said frame (12) and an outer surface (58) of said second control disc (54). 9. The mower of claim 8 further comprising: 13 rotation maintenance means (76) for use in maintaining the angular position of said first control disc (53) with respect to said frame (12), said rotation maintenance means including a washer (77) abutting a first end (78) of said connection shaft (73), said washer being fixedly connected to said first control disc (53). 10. The mower of claim 5 wherein said position feedback means (80) comprises: a feedback bar (81) that is connected to said object (18) and to said second control disc (54). 11. A positioning control system (30) for controlling the position of an object (18), the positioning control system being characterized by: a vacuum actuator (32); connecting means (40) for operatively connecting said vacuum actuator to the object; vacuum means (16) for providing a vacuum to said vacuum actuator; activating means (50) for selectively activating said vacuum actuator; and, position feedback means (80) for feeding back the position of the object to said activating means. 12. The positioning control system (30) of claim 11 wherein said position feedback means (80) selectively de-activates said activating means (50) thereby selectively de-activating said vacuum actuator (32). 13. The positioning control system of claim 12 wherein said activating means comprises: a connection shaft (73) fixedly connected to said frame (12); first and second control discs (53), (54) each having connection bores (59), (60) that receive said connection shaft and being selectively rotatable about said connection shaft, said second control disc (54) having a port (69) and said first control 14 disc (53) having first and second ports (61), (62), said first port (61) for use in selectively commumcating said vacuum means (16) to said port (69) in said second disc, said second port (62) for use in selectively commumcating air to said port (69) in said second disc; and, a control lever (52) operatively connected to said first control disc (53). 14. The positioning control system of claim 13 wherein said position feedback means (80) comprises: a feedback bar (81) that is connected to the object (18) and to said second control disc (54). 15. The positioning control system of claim 14 further comprising: first and second vacuum lines (22), (23), said first vacuum line (22) for use in communicating said vacuum means (16) to said activating means (50), said second vacuum line (23) for use in communicating said activating means (50) to said vacuum actuator (32); and, wherein said vacuum means (16) is an intake manifold (17) on an engine (14). 16. A method of adjusting the position of an object (18) including the steps of providing a vehicle (10) having a frame (12), an engine (14) and an object (18) to be position controlled and providing a positioning control system (30) operatively connected to the frame, the method being characterized by the steps of: providing the positioning control system with a vacuum actuator (32), connecting means (40) for operatively connecting the vacuum actuator to the object and vacuum means (16) for providing a vacuum to the vacuum actuator; positioning a control lever (52) on an activating means (50); communicating the vacuum actuator (32) with the vacuum means (16); causing a first side (34) of the vacuum actuator to move in a first direction (24) thereby forcing the object (18) to move in the first direction; feeding back the position of the object (18) to the activating means (50); 15 dis-communicating the vacuum actuator (32) with the vacuum means (16); and, stopping the motion of the first side (34) of the vacuum actuator (32) in the first direction (24) thereby stopping the motion of the object (18) in the first direction (24). 17. The method of claim 16 ftn her comprising the steps of: providing the activating means (50) with first and second control discs (53), (54); and, wherein the step of positioning a control lever (52) on an activating means (50) comprises the step of rotating the first control disc (53) with respect to the second control disc (54) and with respect to the frame (12). 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of rotating the first disc with respect to the second control disc and with respect to the frame comprises the step of: aligning a first port (61) within the first control disc with a port (69) in the second control disc. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the steps of: providing a feedback bar (81) operatively connected to the object and to the second control disc; wherein the step of feeding back the position of the object to the activating means comprises the step of causing the second control disc (54) to rotate with respect to the first control disc (53) and with respect to the frame (12); and, wherein the step of dis-communicating the vacuum actuator (32) with the vacuum means (16) comprises the step of dis-aligning the first port (61) within the first control disc (53) with the port (69) in the second control disc (54). 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising the steps of: re-positioning the control lever (52) on the activating means (50); 16 communicating the vacuum actuator (32) with atmosphere; causing the first side (34) of the vacuum actuator to move in a second direction (25) thereby forcing the object (18) to move in the second direction (25); feeding back the position of the object (18) to the activating means (50); dis-communicating the vacuum actuator (32) with the atmosphere; and, stopping the motion of the first side (34) of the vacuum actuator in the second direction (25) thereby stopping the motion of the object (18) in the second direction (25).

Inventors: SCHAEDLER AXEL, SCHAEDLER, AXEL
Applicants: SCHAEDLER AXEL, SCHAEDLER, AXEL
Application year: 1999
Main classification: A01D34
IPC codes: A01D34