VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATION OF SAME

Abstract: A vehicle pedal and seat adjustment system comprises pedals (4) and seat (2) which are adjustable between forward-most and rearward-most positions. An air bag (8) is located in front of the seat (2). The forward-most position of the seat (2) is defined as a position of the seat (2) in which a distance between an occupant in the seat (2) and the air bag (8) is equal to a minimum safe distance. This system prevents the air bag (8) from injuring the occupant, while allowing the occupant to comfortably operate the pedal (4).

Description: VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATION OF SAME Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/101,487, filed September 23, 1998; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/105,245, filed October 22, 1998 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/105,595, filed October 26, 1998. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to safety systems and methods for vehicles and more particularly relates to vehicle air-bag systems which, in operation, take into account a clearance between a vehicle passenger and an air-bag. Background of the Invention Although statistics indicate that vehicles equipped with air-bags have enhanced passenger safety, under certain conditions air-bags have been identified as the primary source of passenger injuries and have even been cited in several cases as causing death. Deaths have been directly attributed to air-bags predominantly in low-speed accidents. However, despite the difficulty in nailing down a single cause of death in high-speed accidents, it is likely that air-bags have also played a significant role in deaths resulting from high-speed accidents . A large number of these injuries have involved shorter drivers - more specifically, drivers 5' 0" or less in height - who adjust the seat position so that a distance between the air-bag and the driver are reduced below a safe clearance. Of course, it should be understood that drivers taller than 5'0" may also position themselves within the minimum safe clearance and this positioning is dangerous regardless of the height of the driver. In known systems, as all of the adjustment for drivers of various sizes is generally done through seat movement, shorter drivers are often positioned much closer to the steering wheel (and the air-bag contained therein) than are taller drivers. As indicated above, this often results in shorter drivers (e.g., 5' 0" or less in height), along with taller drivers who chose to sit close to the steering wheel, being positioned within a predetermined safe clearance. Depending on the air-bag system used, the safe clearance may vary. However, a 10" clearance between the driver and the air-bag is usually sufficient to eliminate the negative effects of air-bag systems. Conventional seats generally allow adjustment of the driver' s seat between a rearward-most position and a forward- most position separated by a distance sufficient to accommodate the range of leg lengths in the adult population, e.g., approximately 8". These systems primarily address differences in leg length as differences in arm and torso length among the population are less substantial. Thus, in order to operate the pedals in prior systems, shorter adults were forced to move the seat forward, often to the forward-most position while a portion of taller adults also chose to move the seat beyond the safe clearance. This causes a corresponding distance closure between the drivers chest and head and the steering wheel in which the air-bag is often located. Thus, when the seat is in the forward-most position, a driver will be separated from the steering wheel by a distance less than the required minimum safe clearance. This problem has been addressed by systems which determine when the driver is positioned closer than the minimum safe clearance and then adjust or suspend air-bag operation. In addition to disabling air-bags when the clearance is unsafe, prior systems have slowed the rate of air-bag inflation or inflated the air-bag in stages. However, these systems may deprive shorter drivers of the full effectiveness of the air-bag system. Other areas of concern are in the appropriate use of reduced inflation bags and in post-crash escape and rescue actions. Seat belts, automatic door locks and electric windows often become liabilities following severe impact, rollover, or in submerged vehicle situations. However, little attention has been paid to computerized safety automation and post-crash escape as they relate to these features. Rather, industry efforts have been directed to manual devices such as the "Pointed Window Breaking Hammer" now offered as a car safety accessory to expedite escape. Summary of the Invention The present invention is directed to a vehicle safety device comprising a seat mounted within a passenger compartment of the vehicle, wherein the seat is movably connected to a vehicle frame by a seat position adjusting mechanism which allows the seat to move along an axis between a forward-most position and a rearward-most position. An air- bag is mounted within the passenger compartment in front of the forward-most position of the seat, with the forward-most position of the seat defined as a position of the seat in which a distance between a passenger seated in the seat and the air-bag is equal to a minimum safe clearance. The present invention is also directed to a method of maintaining a minimum safe clearance between an air-bag mounted in a vehicle and a vehicle passenger including the steps of preventing motion of a seat toward the air-bag beyond a forward-most position wherein, when in the forward-most position, a passenger seated in the seat is separated from the air-bag by a predetermined minimum safe clearance and providing a position adjusting mechanism for at least one vehicle control pedal to allow a passenger seated in the seat to adjust a distance between the seat and the at least one pedal by moving the at least one pedal toward and away from the seat. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows a side view of a passenger compartment of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle safety system according to a first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a first pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a second pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 shows a partially cross-sectional front view of the pedal position adjustment apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a third pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 shows a plan diagram of a computer controlled vehicle safety system according to the present invention; Fig. 7 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a fourth pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; Detailed Description Fig. 1 shows a system according to the present invention in which a driver positioned on a seat 2 adjusts the position of the seat 2 to a desired position between rearward and forward-most positions separated by a distance X. Then, the driver adjusts the position of the pedals 4 so that, when in the desired seat position, the driver can comfortably reach the pedals 4 (accelerator, brake, clutch, etc.). Those skilled in the art will understand that any known manual or automatic seat positioning mechanism may be employed in a vehicle safety device according to the invention. For example, as is known in the art, a seat position adjusting mechanism may include a lever 11 which, in a first position, prevents the seat 2 from moving forward and rearward and which, in a second position, releases the seat 2 so that the seat 2 may be moved forward and rearward by a passenger seated in the seat 2. A vehicle safety system according to the present invention limits the motion of the seat 2 toward the steering wheel 6 or other point of deployment of an air-bag 8 so that a distance A between the driver and the air-bag 8 is at least a minimum safe clearance. Thereafter, the remainder of any further reduction of the distance between the driver and the pedals 4 is achieved by a rearward adjustment of the position of the foot pedals 4. By providing limited adjustment of the position of the seat 2, drivers may still adjust for the relatively smaller variations in chest depth and arm length while the adjustment of the position of the pedals 4 allows for the larger adjustments necessary to accommodate differences in leg length. The minimum safe clearance may be maintained by limiting seat back motion toward the steering wheel 6 center to a distance equal to the minimum safe clearance plus a value for a minimum adult chest depth (e.g., approximately 8"). Thus, for a 10" minimum safe clearance and using 8" for the minimum adult chest depth, the seat 2 would be prevented from moving forward past a point where the seat back is 18" from the steering wheel 6. In such a system, as pedal position adjustment allows for the greater difference in leg length, a distance between the forward-most and rearward-most positions of the seat, allowing only for the lesser differences between arm lengths, could be reduced to approximately 2V . Then, providing 6" of adjustment between forward-most and rearward- most positions of the foot pedals 4 makes available to the driver of such a vehicle an amount of total adjustment of the distance between the driver and the pedals 4 comparable to that provided in previous systems. Those skilled in the art will understand that, although distances between the driver and the steering wheel 6 are being discussed as examples, the only distance that matters is that between an occupant of the vehicle (driver or passenger) and the air-bag cover. Fig. 2 shows a manual system for pedal position adjustment which operates similarly to the mechanisms in use for -manual adjustment of seat position. When a lever 12 is moved into a release position, a pedal slide mechanism 14 coupled between the frame of the vehicle 1 and the pedals 4 is released into an unlocked configuration in which a pedal slide housing 18 and, consequently, the pedals 4 may be slid forward and rearward relative to the vehicle dashboard 16 (Fig. 1) to a desired position. When the lever 12 is moved from the release position to a locked position, the pedal slide housing 18 is locked into the desired position. Of course, the lever 12 may be biased toward the locked position, e.g., by a spring, so that the lever 12 automatically returns to the locked position when released. Those skilled in the art will realize that, if desired, individual pedals 4 may be mounted to separate pedal slide mechanisms 14 thereby allowing each pedal 4 to be adjusted to an optimum position. Alternatively, the pedals 4 may be coupled together for motion forward and rearward in unison so that a predetermined relative positioning of the pedals 4 is maintained. The pedal 4 of Fig. 2 is pivotally coupled to a slide housing 18 for rotation about an axle 20 with an upper extension 24 of the pedal bar 22. The upper extension 24 abuts a first pin 26 which is slidably received in a channel 28 formed in the slide housing 18 and a first pulley 30 is pivotally mounted on the first pin 26. A second pulley 32 is pivotally mounted on a second pin 34 which is fixedly coupled to the slide housing 18 and a cable 36 extends from an anchor 38, around the first and second pulleys 30, 32, through a firewall 40 via a conduit 41 to an actuator (not shown) which operates a vehicle control device (not shown), e.g., clutch, brake or accelerator. The letter P in Fig. 2 indicates the position of the pedal 4 in a pressed position while the letter U indicates the position of the pedal 4 in an unpressed position. When in the unpressed position U, the upper extension 24 extends substantially vertically so that the first pin 26 and the first pulley 30 are positioned at the rear of the channel 28 as the pedal 4 is biased into the unpressed position U by, for example, a spring or other known mechanism. In the unpressed position U with the first pulley 30 at the rear of the channel 28, a portion of the cable 36 extending between the anchor 38 and the first pulley 30 is at a minimum length thereby operating the actuator into a configuration corresponding to the unpressed condition of the pedal 4. When the pedal 4 is depressed to the pressed position P, the upper extension 24 rotates (clockwise as seen in Fig. 2) to the position indicated by the dashed line pushing the first pin 26 and the first pulley 30 forward in the channel 28 and increasing the length of the portion of the cable 36 which extends between the first pulley 30 and the anchor 38. This draws the actuator into a configuration corresponding to the pressed position P of the pedal 4. The slide housing 18 is slidably mounted to a channel member 42 which is rigidly coupled to a lower surface of the dashboard 16 or bracketed to the firewall 40 for motion between forward-most and rearward-most pedal positions separated by a distance B. Those skilled in the art will understand that regardless of the position of the slide housing 18 along the channel member 42, the total cable length from the firewall 40 to anchor 38 remains constant and, therefore, the action of the cable 36 on the actuator will be unchanged by an adjustment of the position of the slide housing 18. Thus, the position of the pedal 4 may be adjusted forward and rearward without affecting the operation of the actuator or the corresponding vehicle control device. Fig. 3 shows an adjustable pedal position mechanism substantially similar to that of Fig. 2 except that the slide housing 18 extends further vertically with the first pulley 30 arranged below the second pulley 32 as opposed to the lateral arrangement depicted in Fig. 2 and, in addition, Fig. 3 shows a mechanism for locking the pedal slide mechanism 14 in a desired position. In addition, Fig. 3 shows an exemplary mechanism for locking the slide housing 18 and, consequently, the pedal 4 in a desired position along the channel member 42. The locking mechanism includes a ridged plate 44 biased toward an upper surface of the slide housing 18 by springs 46. The ridged plate 44 includes a plurality of projections 48 sized to be received in recesses 50 formed in an upper surface of the slide housing 18. The ridged plate 44 is coupled to the lever 12 so that, when the lever 12 is pulled upward, the ridged plate 44 is disengaged from the slide housing 18 and the slide housing 18 may be freely slid forwardly and rearwardly along the channel 42. Then, when the lever 12 is released after adjusting the pedal 4 to the desired position, springs 46 move the ridged plate 46 down into engagement with the recesses 50 of the slide housing 18 to maintain the slide housing 18 in the desired position. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described locking mechanism is exemplary only and that any number of known mechanisms may be used to lock the channel in the desired position. Fig. 4 shows a partially cross-sectional front view of the adjustable pedal position mechanism of Fig. 3 showing two pedals 4 mounted to slide housings 18 which are rigidly coupled to one another via a connecting member 52 so that the position of both pedals 4 relative to one another is maintained constant as the adjustable pedal position mechanism is operated to achieve a desired pedal position. As indicated by the third pedal 4 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, those skilled in the art will recognize that any number of pedals may be interlinked for common forward and rearward motion with this mechanism. In the alternative, additional pedals may be de-linked from the first two pedals to allow independent positioning thereof. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that one or more slide housings 18 may be formed as a single one-piece unit together with the corresponding connecting members 52 so that the unit as a whole moves along the channel 42. Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the adjustable pedal position mechanism of Fig. 2 which incorporates structure essentially identical to that of Fig. 2 except that the cable 36 is coupled at one end to the anchor 38 while the other end of the cable 36 is coupled to a lever 54 which is pivotally coupled to the fire wall 40 via a mount 56. The lever 54 is positioned adjacent a member 58 which, when depressed, may operate either an electric switch sending a signal corresponding to a degree of depression of the pedal 4 to the vehicle control device via a cable 60 or a push rod which mechanically actuates a vehicle control device as is known in the art. In addition, the adjustable pedal position mechanism of Fig. 5 is coupled, for example via a worm gear (not shown) to a servo motor 62 for automatically adjusting the position of the pedal 4. Specifically, the servo motor 62 operates based on input from the driver to move the pedal 4 forward or rearward to the desired position and to lock the pedal 4 in the desired position. Alternatively, the servo motor may be operated based on memory stored in a CPU of a vehicle control system to select a predetermined pedal position (or pedal and seat position) based on predetermined preferences for the current driver. Of course, for such systems with the pedal position adjusted in accord with commands from a CPU, the seat position and pedal position may be automatically controlled in accord with criteria stored in a memory to ensure that the minimum safe clearance is maintained. Those skilled in the art will understand that, as a substitute for the servo motor 62 of Fig. 5, any suitable automatically operable power source may be employed to automatically adjust the position of the pedals 4 employing any number of suitable mechanisms such as those employed, for example, with powered seats. As shown in Fig. 6, an adjustable pedal position mechanism as in Fig. 5, may be integrated into a computerized vehicle safety system operated by a CPU 64 which may be part of an on-board microprocessor controlling various vehicle functions . The CPU 64 is coupled to a multiplicity of vehicle control devices including, for example, a clutch control 66, a brake control 68, a throttle control 70, operating condition sensors including, for example, speed and direction sensors 72 and exterior distance sensors 74. In addition, the CPU 64 is coupled to vehicle safety components including, for example, driver notification devices 76; crash sensitive in-car device controls 78 which may, for example, control door and seat belt unlocking, window opening, motor shut-off, placement of 911 calls; and an air-bag inflation control system 80; and sensors supplying information to the vehicle safety system including, for example, a child seat detector 82, a seat occupied sensor 84, a seat belt in use sensor 86, driver/passenger distance and elevation sensors 88, 98, seat position sensors 90 and submerged vehicle condition sensors 92. The occurrence of a crash may be detected, for example, by the acceleration or other sensors used to activate the air-bags, roll-over sensors, etc. An alternative pedal position adjustment mechanism of Fig. 6 is substantially identical to the pedal position adjustment apparatus described in the previous embodiments except that instead of the cable coupled to an actuator via a first fixed pulley and a second movable pulley, a sensor 94 detects a degree of rotation of each of the pedals 4 about the axle 20. Each sensor 94 supplies an output signal corresponding to the angular position of the corresponding pedal 4 to the CPU 64 which supplies a corresponding control signal to a vehicle control device corresponding to the particular pedal 4. The computerized vehicle safety system of Fig. 6 may allow adjustment of both seat and pedal position through operation of a single switch 95 corresponding to currently employed seat position switches, but may be pre-programmed to prevent the driver from adjusting the seat to a position within the minimum safe clearance. As the driver operates the switch 95 to request a forward motion of the seat 2, the CPU 64 operates the servo motor 62 to direct a forward motion of the seat 2 until the driver reaches the minimum safe clearance (as determined by either a driver position sensor or a pre-set forward-most seat position) . The CPU 64 then halts the forward motion of the seat 2 locking the seat 2 in the forward-most position and begins moving the pedals 4 toward the driver until the driver indicates that a desired position of the pedals 4 has been achieved. The CPU 64 then directs the adjustable pedal position mechanism to lock the pedals 4 in the desired position. Alternatively, the system of Fig. 6 may also include a separate pedal position switch 97 allowing the passenger to adjust the position of the pedals 4 regardless of the current position of the seat 2. As indicated above, a preferred embodiment of the invention may employ, as an alternative to a predetermined forward-most seat position based on a minimum adult chest depth, an electronic passenger distance sensor 88 to monitor, e.g., chest to air-bag distance. The CPU 64 then monitors the chest to air-bag distance and controls motion of the seat 2 and the pedals 4 to maintain the minimum safe clearance. Upon detecting the minimum safe distance has been achieved, forward seat motion is halted and all further motion request of the driver is transferred to the servo motor 62. In addition, although the seat is prevented from moving forward beyond the minimum safe clearance, if a driver or passenger moves his body relative to the seat to temporarily encroach beyond the minimum safe clearance, the CPU 64 may control the air-bag inflation control 80 to cause it to operate in a reduced clearance mode in which, under predetermined conditions, the system may, for example, reduce an inflation pressure, disable the air-bag or deploy the air-bag in staged inflation until the driver or passenger returns beyond the minimum safe clearance. When the driver has returned beyond the minimum safe clearance, the system discontinues the reduced clearance mode operation. Upon an adjustment for rear movement of the seat 2 being called for, the CPU 64 directs operation in reverse of that employed for forward motion of the seat 2. That is, when the servo motor 62 is operated to retract the pedals 4 (toward the front of the vehicle) , until the forward-most position of the pedals 4 is reached. Then CPU 64 directs additional distance adjustments by moving the seat 2 rearward. An optional front limit button 96 permits a driver to select as a personal forward-most position, any position of the seat 2 in which the passenger seated therein is separated from the air-bag by at least the minimum safe clearance and to make adjustments for leg length by moving the pedals 4 rearward. This allows drivers of all sizes to take advantage of a more rearward pedal position thereby reducing the possibility of lower limb injury. The present design of "seat slide only" adjustment has also resulted in visual limitations to drivers of small stature as shorter drivers stretch to reach the pedals 4. This need to stretch in turn limits the amount of seat elevation that can be physically utilized. However, rearward adjustment of the position of the pedals 4 offered by the present invention eliminates such stretching, and allows a full range of seat elevation to be employed by all drivers regardless of height, permitting all to obtain optimum design eye level. An elevation sensor 98 may be coupled to the CPU 64 positioned within the passenger compartment to detect an actual height of a driver's head. As is known to those skilled in the art, the elevation sensor 98 may employ technology such as ultrasonic sensors similar to sensors included in commercially available distance meters. Using a standard value representing an average difference between a height of the top of a person's head and their eyes, (e.g., 4") an optimum eye elevation position may be automatically obtained as the CPU 64 directs an electric motor (not shown) in the seat 2 to elevate the seat 2 until the elevation sensor 98 indicates that the optimum eye level has been obtained. Thus, the present invention provides an automatic driver seat positioning system (DPS), which utilizes both front and elevation sensors to automatically position the driver in an optimum visual and air bag protection position. Those skilled in the art will understand that, although the described embodiments show overhead or dashboard slung foot pedals and a pedal position adjustment mechanism adapted thereto, the invention may also be applied in vehicles with floor mounted pedals or other pedal mounting arrangements, so long as a combination of pedal movement and seat movement is provided to ensure that a minimum safe clearance between the driver or other passenger and an air-bag is maintained. In addition, though the described embodiments and examples refer to driver seat control and a steering wheel located air-bag, the same concepts may be applied to other passenger seating and air-bag arrangements to maintain a minimum safe clearance between the passenger and the air-bag. Of course, as indicated in Fig. 6, the CPU 64 may preferably be coupled to a plurality of vehicle systems to create an integrated vehicle safety system. Specifically, in addition to controlling the air-bag system and the seat and pedals to maintain a minimum safe clearance, the system of Fig. 6 may include, for example, sensors for determining whether a child seat is mounted on a particular seat, whether a particular seat belt is in use, the position of the seats, whether a vehicle is submerged or in another post-crash situation and systems for disabling the ignition of the vehicle after an accident, for automatically lowering the windows in a submerged vehicle situation, for unlocking the doors and unfastening the seat belts after an accident and for operating a cell phone and/or navigation system to make a call to 911. The driver/passenger distance sensors 88 offer a practical method of controlling the inflation of multi stage and/or controlled inflation air-bags, when so equipped. E.g., when the distance sensor 88 indicates that the minimum safe distance has been encroached upon, the corresponding air-bag would be activated at a reduced inflation rate. Optimum Air Bag inflation activation and rate may be continuously computed by the CPU 64 based upon input from 72, 74, 82, 84, 86 and 88. For example, encroachment beyond the minimum safe clearance, or the detection of a low speed impact, based upon exterior distance sensors 74 and vehicle speed, would initiate a lower inflation setting for the related air-bag. Thus, the system is further enhanced by interfacing with other systems that detect seat occupancy and/or active seat belt use, providing a continuous basis of multi-factor safe inflation evaluation . Present foot pedal designs vary considerably by auto manufacturer, but generally utilize either cable or rod control of gas, brake and clutch. In the preferred embodiment all foot pedals are mounted on a single sliding platform located under dash, supported from the firewall and/or dash, and activated by either manual or motorized control as described above. Combined with motorized control, the vehicle safety system of Fig. 6 may employ the sensors 98 and 88 to provide automatic, optimized driver positioning, regardless of weight or height. This customized driver positioning system may be implemented by the CPU 64 by, for example, activating seat/pedal position control in the following 3 steps: #1 - The seat 2 is first returned to its lowest and rearward-most position; #2 - After step 1 has been achieved, the seat 2 is then elevated to its optimum eve level position, i.e., the point at which the distance indicated by elevation sensor 98 equals an optimum distance stored in memory; #3 - After steps 1 and step 2 have been completed, the seat 2 is advanced to its minimum safe position, the point at which the distance indicated by the distance sensor 88 is equal to a predetermined minimum safe distance stored in memory or, alternatively, by advancing the seat 2 to a preselected forward-most position. Those skilled in the art will understand that, these steps may be performed in any order. However, adjusting the eye height first eliminates inaccuracies in detection of the distance between the passenger and the air-bag that may result from the varying contour of the passenger (i.e., some portions of the passengers anatomy may project further forward than others) . Thus if horizontal positioning is performed first, a later change in vertical position may alter the critical distance between the sensed portion of the passenger and the air-bag. The driver would then adjust the pedals 4 to the most comfortable position by further activation of the seat position activator. Figs. 7 and 8 show an alternative adjustable pedal position mechanism which eliminates the cable and pulley arrangements of Figs. 2 and 3. Specifically, the adjustable pedal position mechanism of Figs. 7 and 8 includes geared slides 100, 102 mounted on rollers 104 and mounted within a housing 106. The geared slides 100, 102 are maintained in position within the housing 106 by guides 108 with a circular gear 110 mounted therebetween. The circular gear 110 is non- rotatably coupled to the pedal rod 22 which extends into the housing 106 via an opening 107 and, consequently, to the pedal 4 by a pin 112 which rides in a slots 114 formed in opposed walls of the housing 106. The circular gear 110 is held in an engaged position between the geared slides 100,102 in which teeth of the circular gear 110 engage teeth of the slides 100, 102 by the bias of a spring 114 which abuts a knob 116 which extends out of the housing 106. The knob 116 is mounted on the pin 112 so that, when the knob 116 is pushed toward the housing 106 against the bias of spring 114, the circular gear 110 is moved to a disengaged position in which the teeth of the circular gear are out of engagement with the teeth of the slides 100,102. Thus, by depressing the knob 116, the circular gear 110 and the pedal 4 can be slid to any position along the length of housing 106. Upon releasing the knob 116, the teeth of the circular gear 110 again engages the teeth of slides 100, 102 and the pedal 4 is locked in a new position. Those skilled in the art will understand that, when the pedal 4 is depressed, the pedal rod 22 rotates the circular gear 110 (clockwise as seen in Fig. 7) which can cause either the slide 100 to slide forward (to the left in Fig. 7) or the slide 102 to slide rearward (to the right in Fig. 7) depending on which of stops 121 and 123 has been removed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the force applied by the pedal 4 to the slides 100, 102 may be applied by the slide 100 to a push rod connector 118 or by the slide 102 to a pull cable 120 and that this force may then be transmitted to an actuator for a corresponding vehicle control device. One of removable stops 121, 123 is thus utilized at the respective corner 122, 124 to allow either pull cable or push rod control action selection. For example, removal of stop 121 directs all pedal motion to a forward motion of slide 100 using a rod connector 118 while removal of stop 123 directs all pedal motion to a rearward motion of slide 102 which uses a cable connector 120. Of course as with the previously described embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that, although manual adjustment has been described in regard to the adjustable pedal position mechanism of Figs. 7 and 8, motorized control would provide similar action and could be implemented with similar structure. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is compatible with any alternative mechanisms for utilizing pedal motion to operate a vehicle control device (e.g., hydraulic systems) . While a separate motor is preferred for the foot pedal track, it could also be accomplished by direct connection to the seat drive, such as in a cable shaft drive common to speedometers. While overhead slung pedals are shown, floor mounted pedals are intended to have similar controls . Similar seat and distance sensors are suggested for other air bag protected passengers, to maintain a safe air-bag distance. These distance detectors could be set to halt forward seat movement and issue an audible and/or visible warning when the minimum safe distance is encroached upon. In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that braking and accelerator controls may be further monitored and acted upon by the CPU 64 based upon input from the Exterior Distance Sensors 74 in conjunction with Speed and Direction Sensors 72. For example, if the Speed and Direction sensors 72 and related Exterior Distance Sensors 74 detect imminent impact, additional braking forces may be activated via brake control 68. All safety threats detected by the CPU 64 may also be conveyed to the driver by an audio and/or visual alert system. Those skilled in the art will understand that the examples of distances such as the minimum safe clearance from an air-bag are discussed throughout this specification, but these distances may vary on a case-by-case basis. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described embodiments are illustrative only and there are many variations and modifications of the disclosed embodiments which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. These variations and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the invention which is intended to be limited only by the claims appended hereto.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED: 1. A vehicle safety device comprising: a first seat mounted within a passenger compartment of the vehicle, the first seat being movably connected to frame of the vehicle by a first seat position adjusting mechanism, the first seat position adjusting mechanism allowing the first seat to move along a first axis between a forward-most position and a rearward-most position; and a first air-bag mounted within the passenger compartment in front of the forward-most position of the first seat, the forward-most position being defined as a position of the first seat in which a distance between a passenger seated in the first seat and the first air-bag is equal to a minimum safe clearance. 2. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, wherein the first seat is a driver's seat and wherein the vehicle includes at least one vehicle control pedal positioned in the passenger compartment forward of the first seat, the vehicle safety device further comprising a pedal position adjusting mechanism for moving the at least one pedal toward and away from the first seat. 3. The vehicle safety device according to claim 2, wherein the pedal position adjusting mechanism includes a pedal mounting member to which the at least one pedal is rotatably mounted, the pedal mounting member being slidably mounted within the passenger compartment so that the at least one pedal may be slid along a pedal adjusting axis substantially parallel to the first axis between a forward- most position and a rearward-most position. 4. The vehicle safety device according to claim 2, wherein, when in the forward-most position, a seat-back of the first seat is separated from the first air-bag by a distance equal to the minimum safe clearance plus a value corresponding to an adult chest depth. 5. The vehicle safety device according to claim 2, further comprising a distance sensor which detects a distance between a passenger seated in the first seat and the first air-bag, the forward-most position being defined based on the distance detected by the distance sensor. 6. The vehicle safety device according to claim 2, further comprising: a second seat mounted within the passenger compartment, the second seat being movably connected to the vehicle frame by a second seat position adjusting mechanism, the second seat position adjusting mechanism allowing the second seat to move along a second axis parallel to the first axis between a forward-most position and a rearward-most position; and a second air-bag mounted within the passenger compartment in front of the forward-most position of the second seat, the forward-most position of the second seat being defined as a position of the second seat in which a distance between a passenger seated in the second seat and the second air-bag is equal to a minimum safe clearance. 7. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, wherein the first seat is a driver's seat and the first air- bag is mounted in a steering wheel of the vehicle and wherein the vehicle includes at least one vehicle control pedal movably coupled to a pedal mount, the pedal mount being movably mounted to the vehicle so that the at least one pedal may be moved toward and away from the first seat. 8. The vehicle safety device according to claim 7, further comprising a cable extending from a first end coupled to an actuator of a vehicle control device, around first and second pulleys to a second end thereof, the second end of the cable being coupled to an anchor member, the first pulley being rotatably and movably coupled to the pedal mount and the second pulley being rotatably and non-movably coupled to the pedal mount. 9. The vehicle safety device according to claim 8, further comprising an abutment member coupled to the at least one pedal and abutting the first pulley so that, upon actuation of the pedal, the first pulley moves relative to the pedal mount applying a corresponding force to the cable to operate the actuator of the vehicle control device. 10. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, wherein the first seat position adjusting mechanism includes a first motor and a seat position switch coupled to the first motor so that actuation of the seat position switch causes a corresponding motion of the first seat. 11. The vehicle safety device according to claim 10, further comprising: a computer coupled between the first motor and the seat position switch; and a distance sensor which detects a distance between a passenger seated in the first seat and the first air-bag, the distance sensor being coupled to the computer; wherein the computer determines the location of the forward- most position of the first seat so that, when the first seat is in the forward-most position, a distance between a passenger seated in the first seat and the first air-bag is equal to the minimum safe clearance and wherein the computer prevents further operation of the first motor in a forward direction when the first seat reaches the forward-most position. 12. The vehicle safety device according to claim 11, further comprising a pedal mount to which at least one vehicle control pedal is mounted and a second motor coupled to the pedal mount wherein, when the first seat is in the forward- most position, upon actuation of the seat position switch to request forward motion of the first seat the computer operates the second motor to move the pedal mount toward the first seat . 13. The vehicle safety device according to claim 11, further comprising a pedal switch, operation of the pedal switch causing a corresponding motion of the pedal mount. 14. The vehicle safety device according to claim 12, further comprising a memory in which preferred first seat and pedal mount positions are stored. 15. The vehicle safety device according to claim 11, further comprising a third motor coupled to the first seat to move the first seat vertically. 16. The vehicle safety device according to claim 15, further comprising a height sensor for sensing a height of eyes of a passenger in the first seat, wherein the height sensor is coupled to the computer and wherein the computer controls the third motor to move the first seat vertically until an optimum eye height is achieved. 17. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, wherein the seat position adjusting mechanism includes a lever which, in a first position, prevents the first seat from moving forward and rearward and which, in a second position, releases the first seat so that the first seat may be moved forward and rearward by a passenger seated in the first seat. 18. The vehicle safety device according to claim 11, wherein, when the distance sensor indicates that a passenger seated in the first seat has encroached within the minimum safe distance, the computer controls operation of the first air-bag in a reduced clearance mode. 19. The vehicle safety device according to claim 18, wherein in the reduced clearance mode, the computer prohibits deployment of the first air-bag. 20. The vehicle safety device according to claim 18, wherein in the reduced clearance mode, the computer reduces an inflation pressure of the first air-bag. 21. The vehicle safety device according to claim 18, wherein in the reduced clearance mode, the computer directs staged inflation of the air-bag. 22. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, further comprising: first and second geared members movably mounted within the pedal mount; a geared wheel non-rotatably coupled to the at least one pedal, the geared wheel being received between the first and second geared members so that rotation of the geared wheel causes a corresponding motion of one of the first and second geared members; and one of a push rod and a pull cable coupled between the first geared member and an actuator of a vehicle control device corresponding to the at least one pedal . 23. The vehicle safety device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of pedals are coupled to the pedal position adjusting mechanism so that, when the position of the pedals is adjusted a predetermined positioning of the pedals relative to one another is maintained. 24. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, further comprising a motor coupled to the first seat to move the first seat vertically. 25. The vehicle safety device according to claim 24, further comprising: a height sensor for sensing a height of eyes of a passenger in the first seat; and a seat position controller that controls the motor to move the first seat vertically until an optimum eye height is achieved. 26. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, further comprising a height sensor for sensing a position of a portion of a passenger seated in the first seat corresponding to a height of the eyes of the passenger. 27. The vehicle safety device according to claim 26, further comprising a vertical motion motor which operates based on data from the height sensor, to adjust a height of the first seat to attain an optimum eye height of a passenger seated in the first seat. 28. The vehicle safety device according to claim 1, further comprising a distance sensor sensing a position of a passenger seated in the first seat corresponding to a distance between the passenger and the first air-bag. 29. The vehicle safety device according to claim 28, further comprising a horizontal motion motor which operates based on data from the distance sensor, to move the first seat along the first axis until the distance sensor indicates that the first seat is in the forward-most position. 30. The vehicle safety device according to claim 12, further comprising an override switch which allows a passenger to select a personal forward-most position so that, when the first seat is in the personal forward-most position, actuation of the seat position switch to request further forward motion of the first seat initiates rearward motion of the pedals. 31. The vehicle safety device according to claim 5, further including a passenger notification device coupled to the distance sensor wherein, when a passenger moves forward within the minimum safe clearance, the notification device notifies the passenger that the minimum safe clearance has been encroached upon. 32. A method of maintaining a minimum safe clearance between an air-bag mounted in a vehicle and a vehicle passenger to be protected by the air-bag, wherein the vehicle includes a seat which may be moved toward and away from the air-bag, the method comprising the steps of: limiting motion of a seat toward the air bag to prevent motion of the seat beyond a forward-most position wherein, when in the forward-most position, a passenger seated in the seat is separated from the air-bag by a predetermined minimum safe clearance; and adjusting a position of at least one vehicle control pedal to achieve a desired distance between the seat and the at least one pedal. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the vehicle includes a computer, a sensor for detecting a distance between a passenger seated in the seat and the air-bag and a seat motor for moving the seat toward and away from the air- bag, wherein the step of limiting motion of the seat is performed by the computer which prohibits further forward directed action of the seat motor when the sensor indicates that the distance between a passenger seated in the seat and the air-bag is equal to the minimum safe clearance. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the vehicle further includes a pedal motor for moving the at least one pedal toward and away from the seat, the method further comprising the step of: operating the pedal motor to move the pedals rearward toward the seat while the seat is in the forward-most position. 35. The method according to claim 33, further comprising the step of: preventing the air-bag from deploying when the sensor indicates that a passenger seated in the seat has encroached within the minimum safe clearance. 36. The method according to claim 33, further comprising the step of: reducing an inflation rate of the air-bag when the sensor indicates that a passenger seated in the seat has encroached within the minimum safe clearance. 37. The method according to claim 33, further comprising the step of: inflating the air-bag in stages when the sensor indicates that a passenger seated in the seat has encroached within the minimum safe clearance. 38. The method according to claim 33, wherein the vehicle includes crash detecting means for determining whether a crash has occurred, the method further comprising the step of: configuring the vehicle in a post-crash mode in response to input from the crash detecting means, the post-crash mode including performance of at least one of the following sub-steps: shutting down a vehicle engine; unlocking doors of the vehicle; lowering vehicle windows; and operating vehicle communication devices to request assistance.

Inventors: LEVINE RICHARD W, LEVINE, RICHARD, W.
Applicants: LEVINE RICHARD W, LEVINE, RICHARD, W.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B60R
IPC codes: B60K23, B60K26, B60N2, B60R21, G05G1