RAIL SUPPORT

Abstract: A supporting system supports a rail of a rail track above a substrate. The system includes a support having an upper surface for supporting the rail and a lower surface facing the substrate. The system also includes means for maintaining support between the lower surface and the substrate in response to separation of the rail and the substrate and inhibiting movement of the rail towards the substrate.

Description: Rail Support The present invention relates to a rail support. One of the problems associated with ballasted rail track is the formation of cavities in the ballast immediately underneath the rail track sleepers. This is a serious problem which, if not corrected, can result in deformation of the track and ultimately train derailment. Current practice is to refill the cavity underneath each sleeper by tamping or "stone- blowing". This is an extremely expensive process which has to be repeated at regular intervals. The present invention seeks to provide an improved rail support. The present invention provides a system for supporting a rail of a rail track above a substrate, the system including a support having an upper surface for supporting said rail and a lower surface facing said substrate, and means for maintaining support between said lower surface and said substrate in response to separation of said rail and said substrate and inhibiting movement of said rail towards said substrate. In a preferred embodiment of a system according to the present invention, the system comprises a support for supporting road or rail vehicles above a prepared ground surface or formation, in the form of two or more parallel continuous beams or rails placed in the direction of travel of the vehicles and resting on and attached to cross members placed at right angles to the beams, the said cross members resting on a substrate comprising ballast or road pavement materials placed above the said prepared ground surface or formation, and the spaces between the said cross members being filled with granular material, the spacing and dimensions of the said cross members in section and the particle size of the said granular material being so selected that the said granular material may flow freely into any gaps which may form between the said cross members and the said ballast or road pavement materials, but not into the voids which are present within the said ballast or road pavement materials thus to compensate for uneven settlement of the said ballast or road pavement materials and to provide a self-levelling support system. In a particularly preferred embodiment of a system according to the present invention, for use on ballast having a particle size of the order of 50 mm, the cross members have a width of between 120 mm and 290 mm, more preferably 150 mm, and a centre to centre spacing of between 400 mm and 700 mm, more preferably 550 mm. The particle size of the granular material placed between the cross members is preferably between 15 mm and 35 mm, more preferably 20 mm. The present invention further provides a support for supporting a rail of a rail track above a substrate, the support having an upper surface for supporting said rail and a lower surface facing said substrate, and means for urging said upper and lower surfaces apart in response to separation of said rail and said substrate and inhibiting movement of said first and second surfaces towards one another, thereby to maintain support for said rail on said substrate. In a preferred form of the invention, the support supports the rail or rails above the substrate between a pair of sleepers, the lower surface of the support bearing on the substrate. Alternatively, the support is placed under the sleeper. In a further embodiment the support supports the rail or rails on a sleeper which is in turn supported on the substrate, the lower surface of the support bearing on the sleeper. Advantageously, the support has resilient means biassed to allow movement of said upper and lower surfaces away from one another and to resist return movement of said upper and lower surfaces. In a preferred embodiment of a support according to the present invention, which is particularly suitable for supporting a rail on a ballast substrate, the support is in the form of a container having an upper surface for supporting the said rail and a lower surface facing the said ballast and containing between the said upper and lower surfaces a suitable granular material which can flow freely as required through perforations in the said lower surface, thus allowing movement apart of said rail and ballast while inhibiting movement of said rail and said ballast towards one another, thereby to maintain support for said rail on said ballast. In one form of this embodiment of the invention the container replaces the conventional sleeper and supports both rails. Alternatively, the conventional sleeper may be replaced by two containers one supporting each rail. In a further embodiment the container supports a rail or rails above the ballast between a pair of conventional sleepers. Advantageously means are provided for recharging the container with granular material as required and a tray is provided underneath the container to separate from the ballast any granular material which passes through the perforated lower surface of the container. The present invention is further described hereinafter, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of part of a rail track showing each rail supported by a preferred form of rail support according to the present invention; Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of the support of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an elevation of a second embodiment of support according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a plan view of part of a rail track showing the rails attached to cross members according to the present invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view on A-A of the cross members of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a plan view of part of a rail track showing the rails supported by an alternative embodiment of a support according to the present invention; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view on A-A of the support of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a side elevation of part of a rail track showing the rails supported by a further alternative embodiment of a support according to the present invention; Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view on A-A of the support of Figure 8; Figure 10 a cross-sectional view on B-B of the support of Figure 8 and Figure 11 is a cross sectional view of a further embodiment of a support according to the present invention. Referring firstly, to figure 1, this shows a plan view of part of a rail track 12 with two rails 14, 16 supported on sleepers 18, 20. Additional support for the rails 14, 16 is provided by a pair of supports 24 located beneath the rails between the sleepers 18, 20. It will be appreciated that the supports 24 can be used individually or in pairs. Figure 2 shows the rail support 24 which supports the left hand rail 14 as seen in figure 1 above the rail ballast 28. The support 24 has upper and lower housing portions 30, 32 with respective upper and lower surfaces 34, 36. The spacing between the upper and lower surfaces 34, 36 is adjustable by adjustment of the relative positions of the housing portions 30, 32. The latter are conveniently slidably engaged with one another to enable the upper and lower portions to slide towards and away from one another. Ideally, the engagement is a simple telescopic engagement. As can be seen, the upper and lower housing portions 30, 32 are conveniently cylindrical i.e. circular in plan, although any suitable shape may be used. A flexible container 38, conveniently in the form of a bag of suitable material is contained within the support 24 so that it supports the upper portion 30 above the lower portion 32. Whilst the container 38 is ideally flexible, it will be appreciated that resilient materials or a concertina or telescopic form of container may be used. It is however, important that the container should be a fluid tight container for the reasons explained below. The container 38 contains a hydraulic fluid and has an inlet/outlet pipe or conduit 40 which contains a non-return valve 42. The conduit 40 can be connected to a source of hydraulic fluid which is at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. In use, as trains pass along the rail track 12, each rail is depressed and the ballast 28 is compacted resulting in cavities being formed in the ballast beneath the sleepers and the supports. After the train has passed the rail rises again leaving a space between the rail and the support 24 or a cavity in the ballast beneath the support 24. The hydraulic fluid which is under pressure in the hydraulic fluid source is forced through the non-return valve 42 into the container 38 to expand the container and move the upper and lower portions 30, 32 apart to take up the space formed between the rail 14 and the support 24 or by the cavity in the ballast 28. The support 24 thus maintains the rail 14 supported at its desired level, since the fluid in the container is not compressible. As an alternative to an in-situ source of pressurised hydraulic fluid, the container 38 can be filled from a separate hydraulic fluid source which is used by an operator who checks the tracks and adds hydraulic fluid to containers 38 where necessary. Referring now to figure 3, this shows a further embodiment of support 50 according to the present invention. The support 50 has two support devices 52, 54 which support the rails 14, 16 respectively. Since the support devices are substantially identical, only the left hand device is described. The support device 52 has three wedge-shaped members 56, 58 and 60. The upper member 56 has an upper surface 62 which lies generally flat and supports the rail 14. The lower member 60 has a lower surface 64 which is supported on ballast. The two facing surfaces 66, 68 of the members 56, 60 provide a wedge-shaped gap which tapers inwardly towards the space between the rails 14, 16. The middle member 58 locates within this wedge-shaped space with upper and lower surfaces that bear on the surfaces 66, 68. The wedge 58 is connected to the wedge 58 of the right hand support device by way of a resilient mechanism 70 which biases the wedges 58 towards one another. The resilient mechanism 70 is conveniently a coil spring which is maintained under tension. The spring can be wound about a former (not shown) and is ideally contained within a protective cover which may in its simplest form be a tube (not shown). When a train passes over the support devices 52, 54 compacting the ballast and causing one or more cavities to be formed beneath either or both of the support devices, once the train has passed the rail or rails will rise back to their original levels. The resilient member 70 will then act to draw the wedges 58 towards one another to cause the upper and lower surfaces 62, 64 of the support devices to move apart and take up any slack which has been formed between the rail or rails and the ballast. Advantageously, the upper member 56 of each support is secured to the rail 14 to prevent its being dislodged from underneath the rail. Ideally, the upper and lower members 56, 60 are interconnected in some manner to prevent their relative movement other than towards and away from one another. Conveniently, they could be contained within a housing or part housing to prevent their lateral movement when the resilient means 70 draws the wedges 58 towards one another. A level adjustment screw 80 fixed to a bracket which is in turn secured to the ground surface, conveniently by way of a short pile, can be used to show whether or not the level of the sleeper and thus the rails has dropped. This can be used to indicate whether or not the support device of figure 2 requires additional hydraulic fluid or the support devices of figure 3 have reached the full extent of their adjustment or, perhaps, have malfunctioned. Additionally, if the fluid pressure in the case of the support device of Figure 2 or the spring tension in the case of the device of Figure 3 were sufficiently great to overcome the combined weight of the rails and sleepers the gap between the latter and the level adjustment screw 80 would always be reduced to zero. It is also possible that a support could be positioned between the sleeper and the rails in order to support the rails on a sleeper. This would operate in exactly the same way as described above since the sleeper, being supported on the ballast, would sink relative to the rails with the formation of cavities in the ballast beneath the sleeper. In the alternative embodiment shown in figure 4, this shows a plan view of part of a rail track 412 with two rails 414, 416 supported on and attached to cross members 418. Figure 5 shows, in section, two cross members 418 which support the rails 414,416 above the ballast 428. It will be seen that the cross members 418 are much narrower in section than conventional railway sleepers and that the spaces between the cross members are filled with granular material 430 some of which has flowed under the cross members 418. The optional mesh 426 separates the ballast 428 from the granular material 430. In the absence of the mesh any granular material present below cross members 418 would rest directly on the ballast 428. In use, as a train passes along the rail track 412 the ballast 428 may become compacted and the rails depressed. When the train has passed the rail rises again increasing the gap between the rails and the ballast. Because the cross members are attached to the rails, when the rails rise the cross members will rise also allowing granular material to flow under the cross members and hence prevent the formation of cavities under the cross members 418. Hence the cross members 418 and the granular material 430 together form a self-levelling support system. In the case of an alternative design (not shown) the ballast 428 is replaced by road pavement materials and the rails are replaced by continuous beams which support slabs to form a continuous road surface, thus providing a self-levelling support system for road vehicles. In a further alternative embodiment, Figure 6 shows a plan view of part of a rail track 612 with two rails 614, 616 supported on support 618. Support 618 is in the form of a hollow box beam closed at each end 620. It replaces the conventional timber, concrete or steel sleeper. Figure 7 shows, in section, the rail support 618 which supports the rails 614,616 above the ballast 628. It will be seen that support 618 contains granular material 630 some of which has passed through the perforations 634 in the lower surface 624 of the support into the tray 626. The rails 614,616 are attached to the upper surface 622 of the support 618 and the lower surface 624 of the support 618 rests on the granular material 630 which has passed through the perforations 634 in the lower surface 624 of the support. The optional tray 626 separates the ballast 628 from the granular material 630. In the absence of the tray any granular material present below support 618 would rest directly on the ballast 628. In use, as a train passes along the rail track 612 the ballast 628 may become compacted and the rails depressed. When the train has passed the rail rises again increasing the gap between the rails and the ballast. Because the support is attached to the rails, when the rails rise the support will rise also allowing granular material to flow through the perforations 634 in the lower surface of the support and hence prevent the formation of a cavity under the support. Any granular material which has flowed through the perforations will be compacted by the weight of the next train and hence is unable to flow back up through the perforations. The support 618 thus maintains the rails 614,616 supported at their desired level without the need for tamping or "stone -blowing" operations. Advantageously, the upper surface 622 of the support 618 is provided with closable access holes (not shown) to enable the support to be recharged with granular material as required. An alternative design (not shown) supports only one of the rails 614,616 and while being similar in all other respects to the support 618 described above might be circular or square in plan, although any suitable shape may be used. It is also possible that the support 618 or the alternative design previously described could be placed in the space between any two conventional timber, concrete or steel sleepers. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, a rail 816 is supported on a substrate 800 in the form of a concrete slab. The support device operates in a similar manner to the support device of Figure 3, with the wedge of Figure 3 replaced by the wedge 858 of Figure 8. As can be seen from Figure 10, a height adjustment rod 804 is anchored at depth below the slab 800 and is provided with an adjustment nut 806 for initial adjustment of the height of the rail above the substrate. Alternatively other resilient means of support are envisaged, such as that shown in Figure 2 or springs (not shown). In the embodiment shown in Figure 11, a rail 1116 is supported on a sleeper 1118 which extends along the length of the rail, rather than as a cross member as in the embodiments disclosed earlier. The longitudinal sleeper is supported on a ballast substrate, and the self levelling mechanism operates in a similar manner to that of Figure 4.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A system for supporting a rail of a rail track above a substrate, the system including a support having an upper surface for supporting said rail and a lower surface facing said substrate, and means for maintaining support between said lower surface and said substrate in response to separation of said rail and said substrate and inhibiting movement of said rail towards said substrate. 2. A system according to claim 1 characterised in that it comprises a support for supporting road or rail vehicles above a prepared ground surface or formation, in the form of two or more parallel continuous beams or rails placed in the direction of travel of the vehicles and resting on and attached to cross members placed at right angles to the beams, the said cross members resting on a substrate comprising ballast or road pavement materials placed above the said prepared ground surface or formation, and the spaces between the said cross members being filled with granular material, the spacing and dimensions of the said cross members in section and the particle size of the said granular material being so selected that the said granular material may flow freely into any gaps which may form between the said cross members and the said ballast or road pavement materials, but not into the voids which are present within the said ballast or road pavement materials thus to compensate for uneven settlement of the said ballast or road pavement materials and to provide a self-levelling support system. 3. A system according to claim 2 characterised in that the cross members have a width of between 120 mm and 290 mm, 4. A system according to claim 3 characterised in that the cross members have a width of 150 mm. 5. A system according to any of claims 2 to 4 characterised in that the cross members have a centre to centre spacing of between 400 mm and 700 mm, 6. A system according to claim 5 characterised in that the cross members have a centre to centre spacing of 550 mm. 7. A system according to any of claims 2 to 6 characterised in that the particle size of the granular material placed between the cross members is between 15 mm and 35 mm. 8. A system according to claim 7 characterised in that the particle size of the granular material placed between the cross members is 20 mm. 9. A rail support for supporting a rail of a rail track above ballast, the support having an upper surface for supporting said rail and a lower surface facing said ballast, and means for urging said upper and lower surfaces apart in response to separation of said rail and said ballast and inhibiting movement of said first and second surfaces towards one another, thereby to maintain support for said rail on said ballast. 10. A rail support according to claim 9 wherein the support supports the rail or rails above the ballast between a pair of sleepers, the lower surface of the support bearing on the ballast. 11. A rail support according to claim 9, wherein the support is located under a sleeper. 12. A rail support according to claim 9, wherein the support supports the rail or rails on a sleeper which is in turn supported on the ballast, the lower surface of the support bearing on the sleeper. 13. A rail support according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the support has resilient means biased to allow movement of said upper and lower surfaces away from one another and to resist return movement of said upper and lower surfaces. 14. A support for supporting a rail on a ballast substrate characterised in that the support is in the form of a container having an upper surface for supporting the said rail and a lower surface facing the said ballast and containing between the said upper and lower surfaces a suitable granular material which can flow freely as required through perforations in the said lower surface, thus allowing movement apart of said rail and ballast while inhibiting movement of said rail and said ballast towards one another, thereby to maintain support for said rail on said ballast. 15. A support according to claim 14 characterised in that the container supports both rails. 16. A support according to claim 14 characterised in that it comprises two containers, one supporting each rail. 17. A support according to claim 14 characterised in that the container supports a rail or rails above the ballast between a pair of conventional sleepers. 18. A support according to any of claims 14 to 17 characterised in that it further comprises means for recharging the container with granular material as required. 19. A support according to any of claims 14 to 18 characterised in that it further comprises a tray provided underneath the container to separate from the ballast any granular material which passes through the perforated lower surface of the container. 20. A support according to any of claims 9 to 13 characterised in that it supports a rail on a concrete substrate.

Inventors: KEEDWELL MICHAEL JAMES, KEEDWELL, MICHAEL, JAMES
Applicants: KEEDWELL MICHAEL JAMES, UNIV COVENTRY, COVENTRY UNIVERSITY, KEEDWELL, MICHAEL, JAMES
Application year: 1999
Main classification: E01B1
IPC codes: E01B1, E01B3, E01B9