METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CRUSHING WASTES INCLUDING THOSE NOT SUITABLE FOR CRUSHING

Abstract: The present invention is designed to perform a primary crushing of hooking and crushing the top face part of the waste W and bringing in the waste by means of supporting projections 14 and the first crushing roller 10, a secondary crushing of crushing the bottom face part and the top face part of the waste W while lifting the waste W brought in, by means of the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11, and a tertiary crushing of crushing the object material to be crushed into small pieces and discharging them separately from the materials unfit for crushing by means of the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12, one after another, for the purpose of separating and discharging materials unfit for crushing M without deforming them and accurately crushing the object material to be crushed such as frame member, etc., even if the waste W are directly submitted to crushing without removing materials unfit for crushing M such as motor, compressor, etc., to thus improve the recovery ratio of valuables.

Description: Technical field: The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus implementing a crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing capable of crushing waste such as home electric appliances, etc. discharged as non-inflammable bulky refuse from households, etc., for example, without deforming massive materials difficult to crush such as motor, compressor, etc. (called "materials unfit for crushing" in the present specification) contained in the waste, by crushing (including "collapsing" in the present specification) other frame member, etc. (called "object material to be crushed" in the present specification) only and separating and taking out materials unfit for crushing. Background art: Conventionally, hammer crusher, biaxial crusher, triaxial crusher, etc. are used for the crushing of waste such as home electric appliances, etc. By the way, in the case of crushing of waste such as home electric appliances, etc. or refrigerator (in this case, the Freon gas is discharged in advance by some proper means), for example, the frame material, etc. of the refrigerator can be crushed directly, but massive materials such as motor and compressor, etc. are difficult to crush. A means is therefore adopted for removing such massive materials in advance by manual work and then crushing the frame material, etc. by using said crushers. However, a problem with this method was that it requires much labour for the manual work of removing massive materials such as motor and compressor, etc. On the other hand, treating a refrigerator on a crusher without removing motor and compressor presented a problem of extremely low recovery ratio of valuables, because the motor and compressor are deformed as a result of the crushing and become difficult to disassemble after the crushing. Moreover, a problem with hammer crusher was that it is dangerous because of explosion which is liable to be produced depending on the type of materials mixed in the waste. In view of said problems inherent in the crushing of waste containing materials unfit for crushing, the present inventor et al. proposed a crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing and an apparatus for it, capable of separating and discharging materials unfit for crushing without deforming them, crushing object material to be crushed such as frame member, etc. and improving the recovery ratio of valuables, even in the case where the waste is directly submitted to crushing without removing materials unfit for crushing such as motor, compressor, etc. in advance (PCT/JP98/04791 published under WO99/61156). An outline of such crushing method and apparatus is indicated in Fig. 7 to Fig. 10. This crusher 50 comprises a first crushing roller 10 on one side under the hopper 2 of a casing 3 forming a hopper 2 at the top and open at the bottom, a second crushing roller 11 positioned at the back of the crushing roller 10, and a third crushing roller 12 facing this second crushing roller 11. In this case, on the other side under the hopper 2 is provided a push-in mechanism 13 facing the crushing roller 10, while on the bottom plate 2a of the hopper 2 right under the first crushing roller 10 is provided a supporting projection 14. This makes it possible, when the waste W containing materials unfit for crushing M such as motor, compressor, etc. of home electric appliances injected in the hopper 2 are pushed out, by a push-in mechanism 13, toward the first crushing roller 10, to prevent free move of the waste W by supporting them at the tip with the supporting projection 14, so as to crush them accurately one after another with biting of the first crushing roller 10, for moving. The first crushing roller 10 is constructed, as shown in Fig. 8, by attaching in projection a large number of crushing blades for biting 21 at coarse intervals "a" on a rotary shaft 20. These crushing blades for biting 21 are formed at a height "b" easy for biting in the waste W and at which the materials unfit for crushing M contained in the waste W get into the gap between the crushing blades for biting 21 and pass through without being crushed by the first crushing roller 10, preferably in a way to form their tip at an acute angle so that the tip may easily bite into the waste W. Furthermore, the casing 3 right above the first crushing roller 10 is provided with a stationary knife 22 to be inserted in the gap between the crushing blades for biting 21 of the first crushing roller 10, so as to scrape down the crushed material which moves by sticking to the crushing blades for biting 21. The second crushing roller 11 is realized by attaching screw blades 25 on a rotary shaft 24, as shown in Fig. 9, and these screw blades 25 are designed to have a coarse pitch and a height enabling the materials unfit for crushing M to get into the gap between the screw blades 25 and pass through without being crushed, and crush object materials to be crushed such as frame member, etc., in combination with the third crushing roller 12. In this case, a screw blade 25 is constructed with screw blades 25a, 25b twisted in directions opposite to each other by splitting a single screw into two, to prevent the object material to be crushed from moving sideways at the time of the crushing. The third crushing roller 12 is realized by attaching, as shown in Fig. 10, main screw blades 27 to a rotary shaft 26, and auxiliary screw blades 28 having a coarser pitch compared with the main screw blades 27 and twisted in the direction opposite to the main screw blades 27, in a way to form grids "g" with the main screw blades 27, the main screw blades 27 and auxiliary screw blades 28 having a coarse pitch and a height enabling the materials unfit for crushing M to get into those gaps i.e. grids "g" and pass through without being crushed. In this case, the main screw blades 27 and the auxiliary screw blades 28 are constructed with screw blades 27a, 27b, 28a, 28b twisted in directions opposite to each other, by splitting a single screw into two, to prevent the object material to be crushed from moving sideways at the time of the crushing. And, on the discharge side of the casing 3 is provided a conveyor 16. This conveyor 16, installed at a required inclination, is designed to make materials unfit for crushing M, in massive state without being crushed, discharged on the conveyor 16 fall rolling with their shape and dead weight, and to move the crushed and flattened object material upward in the state loaded on the conveyor 16 without rolling or sliding, so as to discharge them by authomatically separating them one from the other. This conveyor 16 is constructed in such a way that its inclination may be adjustable as desired. By the way, according to this crusher of waste, although it is possible to achieve a certain objective of separating and discharging materials unfit for crushing without deforming them, the waste W supplied to the hopper 2 are pushed out, by the push-in mechanism 13, to the side of the first crushing roller 10 and, while the top face part of the waste W is crushed by the first crushing roller 10, the bottom face part is sent out toward the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12 along a discharge guide chute 17 together with the materials unfit for crushing M in an uncrushed state. For that reason, the crushing of the bottom face part of the waste W and the separation of the materials unfit for crushing M must be performed at a time, on the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12 disposed face to face with each other, presenting a problem of difficulty of separation in some cases. Disclosure of the invention: The objective of the present invention, realized in view of said problems with the crushing of waste containing materials unfit for crushing, is to provide a crushing apparatus implementing a crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing which is capable of separating and discharging the materials unfit for crushing without deforming them, crushing the object material wanted crushed, such as frame members, etc. and improving the recovery ratio of valuables, even in cases where the waste is directly submitted to crushing, without the advanced removal of materials unfit for crushing, such as motors, compressors, etc. To achieve said object the crushing apparatus according to the present invention is a crushing apparatus for waste containing materials unfit for crushing comprised of supporting projections for supporting the waste supplied, a first crushing roller for hooking and crushing the top face part of the waste supported by the supporting projections for bringing in the waste, a second crushing roller disposed downstream of the first crushing roller, and a third crushing roller for performing crushing in combination with the second crushing roller, characterized in that said first crushing roller is constructed by attaching a large number of crushing blades for biting on a rotary shaft with gaps allowing the passage of materials unfit for crushing in the waste and in that said second crushing roller, provided with a screw-shaped crushing blade is disposed in proximity to the first crushing roller so that it performs crushing of the waste at both the top and bottom face parts while lifting the waste together with said first crushing roller by turning in the direction opposite that of the first crushing roller, and crushing the object material into small pieces and separately discharging it from the materials unfit for crushing in combination with the third crushing roller. This crushing apparatus for waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention is capable of performing a primary crushing by hooking and crushing the top face part of the waste and bringing in the waste by means of supporting projections and the first crushing roller, a secondary crushing of both the top and bottom face parts of the waste while lifting the waste being brought in, by means of the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller, and a tertiary crushing of the object material to be crushed into small pieces and separately discharging them from the materials unfit for crushing by means of the second crushing roller and the third crushing roller, one after another. In addition, it is also capable of easily separating materials unfit for crushing by accurately crushing the top face part of the waste in the primary crushing and crushing both the top and bottom face parts of the waste in the secondary crushing, remarkably improving the recovery ratio of valuables. In this case, the second crushing roller can be constructed by attaching crushing blade for biting to the rotary shaft with gaps for allowing the passage of materials unfit for crushing in the waste, in a way for it to protrude from the screw blade, so as to make the crushing blade for biting bite in combination with the crushing blade for biting of the first crushing roller, thus making it possible to let materials unfit for crushing pass without crushing them and effectively perform the crushing of waste by a combination of the two crushing blades for biting. Furthermore, (the second crushing roller) can be constructed by attaching a stationary knife to the casing facing (of the second crushing roller), in such a way that it bites with the crushing blade for biting of the second crushing roller, so as to crush the object material between the crushing blade for biting of the second crushing roller and the stationary knife, thus making it possible to crush effectively waste with a combination of the crushing blade for biting and the stationary knife. Still more, the third crushing roller can be constructed in a way to be comprised of main screw blades and auxiliary screw blades with a coarse pitch twisted in the direction opposite of the main screw blades in a way to form grids with the main screw blades, said respective screw blades being formed with a pitch allowing for the passage of said materials unfit for crushing, thus making it possible to let the materials unfit for crushing pass without being crushed, and accurately crush the object material by means of the feed action of the third crushing roller in combination with the second crushing roller. Yet more, the third crushing roller can be attached by projecting a plurality of segments in parallel with the rotary shaft and perpendicularly to the circumferential face thereof, thus making it possible to accurately separate the crushed object material from the materials unfit for crushing without being crushed together, while reducing the manufacturing cost of the third crushing roller. In addition, it is possible to form, in said segments, notches for allowing the passage of the crushing blade of the second crushing roller, thus making it possible for the crushing blade of the second crushing roller to accurately separate power cords, etc. connected to the materials unfit for crushing in such a way that it snatches them when passing through the notch in the segments. Brief description of drawings: Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing the first embodiment of the crushing apparatus of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the second embodiment of the crushing apparatus of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the second crushing roller for it. Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the third embodiment of the crushing apparatus of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention. Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing the fourth embodiment of the crushing apparatus of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention, and Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the third crushing roller for it. Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing a conventional prior art crushing apparatus of waste containing materials unfit for crushing, Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the third crushing roller for it, Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the second crushing roller for it and Fig. 10 is a front elevation of the third crushing roller for it. Best mode of execution of the invention: The present invention will be described hereafter based on the embodiments indicated on drawings. Fig. 1 indicates the first embodiment of the crushing apparatus of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention. This crusher 1 comprises a first crushing roller 10 on one side under the hopper 2 of a casing 3 forming a hopper 2 at the top and o en at the bottom, a second crushing roller 11 positioned at the back, i.e. downstream of the crushing roller 10, and a third crushing roller 12 facing this second crushing roller 11. In this case, on the other side under the hopper 2 is provided a push-in mechanism 13 facing the crushing roller 10, while on the bottom plate 2a of the hopper 2 right under the first crushing roller 10 is provided a supporting projection 14. This makes it possible, when the waste W containing materials unfit for crushing such as motor, compressor, etc. of home electric appliances injected in the hopper 2 are pushed out, by a push-in mechanism 13, toward the first crushing roller 10, to hook the waste W and crush the top face part thereof by means of the first crushing roller 10 and bring the waste W into the casing 3, while preventing free move of the waste W by supporting them at the tip with the supporting projection 14 (primary crushing). While this first crushing roller 10 is constructed by attaching in projection a large number of crushing blades for biting 21 at coarse intervals on a rotary shaft, the construction and action of this first crushing roller 10, the stationary knife 22 to be inserted in the gap between the crushing blades for biting 21 of the first crushing roller 10 disposed in the casing 3 right above the first crushing roller 10, etc. are the same, unless otherwise mentioned, to those of the conventional crushing apparatus 50 indicated in Fig. 7 onward. By the way, in the crusher 1 of this embodiment, the second crushing roller 11 is provided with screw-shaped crushing blade and disposed at the back of and in proximity to the first crushing roller 10, at a position slightly higher than the supporting projection 14, to have the top face part (of the waste W) crushed by the first crushing roller 10, and crush the bottom face part and top face part of the waste W while lifting the waste W drawn into the casing 3, jointly with the first crushing roller 10, from the bottom plate 2a of the hopper 2 (secondary crushing). In this case, the directions of rotation and drive of the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11 are opposite to each other. Moreover, the third crushing roller 12 is disposed about in horizontal position at the back of and in proximity to the second crushing roller 11, to perform crushing of the waste W sent out from between the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11, jointly with the second crushing roller 11 (secondary crushing). In this case, the directions of rotation and drive of the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12 are opposite to each other. Below the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12 are provided a conveyor 16 and a discharge guide chute 17 at a required inclination respectively, to make materials unfit for crushing M, in massive state without being crushed, fall rolling on the conveyor 16 with their shape and dead weight, and move the finely crushed and flattened object material upward in the state loaded on the conveyor 16 without rolling or sliding, so as to discharge them by authomatically seprating them one from the other. This conveyor 16 is constructed in such a way that its inclination may be adjustable as desired. This crusher 1 constructed as described above performs a primary crushing, by the supporting projection 14 and the first crushing roller 10, of bringing in the waste W while crushing them, by hooking the top face part of the waste W, and allowing passage of materials unfit for crushing M in the waste W without crushing them, a secondary crushing, by the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11, of crushing the bottom face part and the top face part of the waste W while lifting the waste W drawn in, and a tertiary crushing, by the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12, of crushing the object material to be crushed into small pieces and discharging them separately from the materials unfit for crushing, one after another, thus making it possible to let pass any materials unfit for crushing which may eventually exist in the waste supplied, without crushing them, and accurately crush only the object material to be crushed with the primary, secondary and tertiary crushing. Moreover, (this crusher 1) is capable of accurately crushing the top face part of the waste W with the primary crushing, by the supporting projection 14 and the first crushing roller 10, and crushing the bottom face part and the top face part of the waste W with the secondary crushing, by the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 11, respectively, and separating materials unfit for crushing M easily from the waste W with the subsequent tertiary crushing, by the second crushing roller 11 and the third crushing roller 12, remarkably improving the recovery ratio of valuables. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 indicate the second embodiment of the crusher of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention. In this crusher 30 of waste is used a second crushing roller 33 provided with a crushing blade for biting 34, in place of the second crushing roller 11 of the first crusher 1 of said first embodiment. The crushing blade 34 of this second crushing roller 33 is attached on the rotary shaft 24 of the crushing roller 33 by welding, etc. in a way to protrude from the screw blade 25, as shown in Fig. 3, and constructed in a way to make this crushing blade for biting 34 bite with the crushing blade for biting 21 of the first crushing roller 10. This makes it possible to let pass materials unfit for crushing M without crushing them and effectively perform crushing of the waste W, with the crushing blades 21, 34 of the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 33 reaching the depth of the waste W. Other constructions and actions of this embodiment are the same as those of the crushing roller 10 in said first embodiment. Fig. 4 indicates the third embodiment of the crusher of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention. In this crusher 40 of waste is used a second crushing roller 33 provided with a crushing blade for biting 34, in place of the second crushing roller 11 of said first embodiment, in the same way as in the crusher 30 of said second embodiment, and a stationary knife 43 is attached facing the casing 3 in a way to bite with the crushing blade for biting 34 of the second crushing roller 33. In this case, the stationary knife 43 shall preferably be attached with an inclination α so that it may be easily pushed into the screw blade 25 of the crushing roller 33 when biting into materials unfit for crushing M. This makes it possible to let pass materials unfit for crushing M without crushing them and effectively perform crushing of the waste W, with the crushing blades 21, 34 of the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 33 reaching the depth of the waste W, and also perform the crushing of the waste W more effectively by combination of the crushing blade 34 and the stationary knife 43 of the second crushing roller 33. Other constructions and actions of this embodiment are the same as those of the crusher 1 in said first embodiment. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 indicate the fourth embodiment of the crusher of waste containing materials unfit for crushing according to the present invention. In this crusher 40A of waste is used a second crushing roller 33 provided with a crushing blade for biting 34, in place of the second crushing roller 11 of said first embodiment, in the same way as in the crusher 30 of said third embodiment, and a stationary knife 43 is attached facing the casing 3 in a way to bite with the crushing blade for biting 34 of the second crushing roller 33. This makes it possible to let pass materials unfit for crushing M without crushing them and effectively perform crushing of the waste W, with the crushing blades 21, 34 of the first crushing roller 10 and the second crushing roller 33 reaching the depth of the waste W, and also perform the crushing of the waste W more effectively by combination of the crushing blade 34 and the stationary knife 43 of the second crushing roller 33. And, furthermore, in this crusher 40A of waste is used a third crushing roller 60, in place of the third crushing roller 12 of said first embodiment. This third crushing roller 60 is attached, as shown in Fig. 6, by projecting a plurality (6 pieces each in 3 parts divided in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 26, though not particularly restricted) of segments 61 in parallel with the rotary shaft 26 and perpendicularly to the circumferential face thereof, also forming, in the segments 61, notches 62 for allowing passage of the crushing blade for biting 34 of the second crushing roller 33. The notches 62 may be omitted in the case where the third crushing roller 60 is not made to bite with the second crushing roller 33. This makes it possible to accurately separate the crushed object material to be crushed and the materials unfit for crushing M sent without being crushed from each other, while reducing the manufacturing cost of the third crushing roller 60, and also makes it possible for the crushing blade for biting 34 of the second crushing roller 33 to accurately separate the power cord, etc. connected to the materials unfit for crushing M in a way to snatch them when passing through the notches 62 in the segments 61. Other constructions and actions of this embodiment are the same as those of the crusher 1 in said first embodiment. Possibility of industrial application: With the apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to separate and discharge materials unfit for crushing without deforming them, and crush the object materials to be crushed such as frame member, etc. and efficiently perform crushing of waste containing materials unfit for crushing such as home electric appliances, etc. while maintaining a high recovery ratio of valuables, even in the case where the waste is directly submitted to crushing without removing materials unfit for crushing such as motor, compressor, etc.

Claims: A crushing apparatus (1) implementing a crushing method for waste (W) containing materials (M) unfit for crushing, comprised of supporting projections (14) for supporting the waste supplied, a first crushing roller (10) for hooking and crushing the top face part of the waste supported by the supporting projections that bring in the waste, a second crushing roller (11) disposed downstream of the first crushing roller (10), and a third crushing roller (12) for performing crushing in combination with the second crushing roller (11), characterized in that said first crushing roller (10) is constructed by attaching a large number of crushing blades (21) for biting on a rotary shaft with gaps allowing the passage of materials unfit for crushing in the waste and in that said second crushing roller (11) provided with a screw-shaped crushing blade (25) is disposed in proximity to the first crushing roller (10) so that it performs the crushing of the waste at both the top and bottom faces while lifting the waste together with said first crushing roller (10) by turning in a direction opposite that of the first crushing roller (10), and crushing the object material into small pieces and separately discharging them from the materials unfit for crushing in combination with the third crushing roller (12). A crushing implementing the crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing as defined in Claim 1, wherein the second crushing roller (33) is constructed by attaching a crushing blade (34) for biting to the rotary shaft with gaps for allowing the passage of materials unfit for crushing in the waste, in such a way that it protrudes from the screw blade (25) so as to make the crushing blade (34) for biting of the second crushing roller (11) bite in combination with the crushing blade for biting (21) of the first crushing roller (10). A crushing apparatus implementing the crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing as defined in Claim 2, wherein the second crushing roller (33) is constructed by attaching a stationary knife (43) to the casing facing of the second crushing roller. A crushing apparatus implementing the crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing as defined in Claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the third crushing roller (12) is constructed in such a way that it is comprised of main screw blades (27) and auxiliary screw blades (28) with a coarse pitch twisted in the direction opposite of the main screw blades in such a way to form grids with the main screw blades, said respective screw blades being formed with a pitch allowing the passage of said materials unfit for crushing. A crushing apparatus implementing the crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing as defined in Claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the third crushing roller (60) is attached by projecting a plurality of segments (61) in parallel with the rotary shaft (26) and perpendicularly to the circumferential face thereof. A crushing apparatus implementing the crushing method for waste containing materials unfit for crushing as defined in Claim 5, wherein said segments (61) form notches (62) for allowing the passage of the crushing blade of the second crushing roller.

Inventors: ARITO HIROSHI, KAJIYAMA TAKAO, KAWAMURA KOHEI, KUSHIDA RYOZOU, ARITO, HIROSHI, KAJIYAMA, TAKAO, KAWAMURA, KOHEI, KUSHIDA, RYOZOU, ARITO, Hiroshi ,Hiroshi 450, KAJIYAMA, Takao, Takuma Co. Ltd., KAWAMURA, Kohei, Takuma Co. Ltd.
Applicants: NIHON SPINDLE MFG CO LTD, TAKUMA KK, NIHON SPINDLE MFG. CO. LTD., TAKUMA CO., LTD.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B02C19
IPC codes: B02C18, B02C19