PINCH ELEMENT PLASTIC VALVE

Abstract: A valve (20) has a contractible valve element (28) formed of an i nner laminae of PFA and an outer laminae of PTFE having bosses (54, 56). The contractible portion is welded to a PFA tubular end portion thus providing the advantages of a PTFE laminae with a boss and the PFA that it surfaces. The valve utilizes a valve mechanism (30) which has a yoke (38) which moves radially towards and away from the contractible valve element with linkages (42, 44) extending from the yoke arms which connect to the bosses. The v alve element may thus be positively closed and positively opened. The hermetic seal between the outer PTFE laminae and the inner PFA laminae causes the inner laminae to extend outwardly when the outer laminae is positively distended thereby allowing the valve to function where the fluid being controlled is under a negative pressure. The invention also includes the method of manufacturing the multiple layered valve element.

Description: PINCH ELEMENT PLASTIC VALVE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to valves, more particularly the invention relates to valves made primarily of plastic and which have contractible tubular valve elements . Plastic valves are known which utilize collapsible plastic valve elements made of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), see U.S. Patent No. 5,297,773 to Timothy Collins et al . which is assigned to the owner of the instant invention and which is hereby incorporated by reference. The Collins valve utilizes multiple layers of PFA to form the collapsible valve element. Longitudinal edges of the sandwiched laminae are welded together and the ends of the collapsible portion of the valve element are welded to tubular end portions. The "normal" state of this collapsible valve element is in an open position and is closed by way of a camming member wedging against a clamping portion to pinch the collapsible portion of the valve element closed as desired. Although this valve is quite effective for fluid flows under pressurized conditions, if the fluid flow is in a negative or below atmospheric condition the collapsible portion of the valve member. Therefore, this valve does not have a positive distensible function. Valves such as shown in the Collins patent a be constructed exclusively of synthetic plastic materials. U.S. Patent No. 3,791,617 to Press discloses a valve with a contractible valve element formed of extruded PTFE tube. Bosses are machined on the extruded tube and are connected by way of metal connectors to the valve mechanism thereby providing a positive extensible function to the valve permitting it to operate with the fluid flow in a below atmospheric pressure condition. This valve element consists of a single lamina formed of PTFE. Moreover, a single tubular valve element of PTFE provides much more significant resistance to compressing and distending than the same thickness of multiple layers. In the semiconductor processing industry, fluid flow conduits of PFA are the preferred material. A problem associated with PFA is that welding PFA components together is difficult. Contact welding can cause the PFA to stick to the weld elements and cause surface irregularities. Non-contact welding, such as illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,929,293 to Osgar, which is owned by the assignee of this application, can leave an internal bead which is inimical to regulated fluid flow in a valve and is generally undesirable in many applications . Although PTFE is recognized as an inert substance, PTFE is difficult or impossible to mold into fittings and it is difficult or impossible to weld PTFE components to one another. Moreover, processors often prefer that all wetted surfaces in process system lines be made exclusively of PFA. PTFE is more readily machinable that PFA and has a higher flex life than PFA. U.S. Patent Nos . 4,929,293 and 5,297,773 are hereby incorporated by reference. Bosses on PFA contractible valve elements are difficult to manufacture and are prone to failure. Bosses formed on valve elements of PTFE, on the other hand, have been demonstrated to be quite reliable. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a valve with a contractible valve element formed of multiple laminae that has wetted surfaces of exclusively of PFA, that has a boss to provide positive distension of the valve element, that has fittings of PFA and that has a smooth beadless weld between the contractible valve element and the PFA valve fittings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A vale has a contractible valve element formed of an inner lamina of PFA, an outer lamina of PTFE with the outer laminae having a boss to provide positive compression and positive distension of the valve element. The portion that constricts is welded to a PFA valve fittings with tubular end portion thus providing the advantages of a PTFE laminae with a boss and exclusively PFA wetted surfaces. The valve utilizes a valve mechanism with a yoke which moves radially towards and away from the contractible valve element with linkages extending from yoke arms connecting to opposite sides of the contractible valve element. The hermetic seal between the outer PTFE lamina and the inner PFA lamina causes the inner lamina to extend outwardly when the outer lamina is positively distended thereby allowing the valve to function where the fluid being controlled is under a negative pressure. The invention also includes the method of manufacturing the multiple layered valve element which provides a smooth weld between the contractible portion of the valve element and the valve fittings . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a valve incorporating the invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the valve of FIG. 1 caken at line 2-2. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the valve of FIG. 1 taken at line 3-3. FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the valve of FIGS. 1-3. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a valve element according to the invention. FIG. β is a perspective view of a four ply section of laminae suitable for manufacturing the valve element of FIG. 5. - A - FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a fitting in precedent to welding to the section of laminae of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a plan view of the components of FIG. 7 with a film wrap around the juncture to be welded. FIG. 9 is a plan view of a weld apparatus. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portable weld apparatus suitable for welding tubular end portions. DETAILED SPECIFICATION Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the valve of the instant invention is depicted and is indicated generally by the numeral 20. The valve is comprised principally of a valve body 22 with valve body sections 23, 24, a valve element 28 and a valve mechanism 30. The valve mechanism 30 is operated by an actuator 34 which may be pneumatically powered or otherwise operated by suitable power means including manual operation. The valve mechanisms is comprised of a yoke 38, a shaft 40 connecting to the yoke and extending into the actuator, linkages 42, 44 and clamping portions 46, 48. When used herein "connect", "connectly" and "connected" mean the parts are mechanically coupled or linked and the terms do not require such parts to be in direct contact. The elements connected may be connected thru one or more additional elements. The valve element which is described in more detail below generally has a first side 50 and a second side 51. The clamping portions 46, 48 are respectively engaged to the first and second sides of the valve element. The valve element has bosses 54, 56 to facilitate attachment of the clamping portions and thus the linkages to the valve element. The bosses are shaped as flanges with a T-shaped cross-section onto which slidably engaged are the slide portions 62 which further engage with pins 64 on brackets 66. The brackets 66 are secured to the linkages 42, 44 by way of pins 70. Notably the pins 70 extend into slots 74 in the war plate 76. Said slots 74 extend in the radial direction in which the compression and distension of the valve element occurs. The linkages 42, 44 are connected to the yoke 38 by way of pins 80 which also engage with vertical slots 82 in the wear plates 76. Thus the pins engaged with said vertical slots 82 and horizontal slots 74 facilitate the translation of the vertical motion of the yoke 38 into a transverse or horizontal motion for compression of the valve element 28. The wear plates 76 are secured with respect to one another by way of post 90 and apertures 92. Support elements 96 operate to maintain the valve element properly positioned in the valve body and facilitate proper positioning and operation of the clamping portions 46, 48. The yoke and linkages may be suitably configured to provide an over center position whereby the valve mechanism can lock the valve element in the closed position . The valve body sections 23, 24 may be secured together by way of the clips 98 which may be configured to simply snap onto the flanges 99 of said sections. The valve may include a valve base 100 to facilitate mounting or installation or said valve . Referring to FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, details of the valve element and methods of construction are illustrated. The valve element 28 principally comprises a contractible or compressible portion 104, bosses 54, 56, tubular end portions and a fluid flow concourse or passage 112. The contractible portion 104 is fabricated from multiple layers of fluoropolymer material . In the preferred embodiment a first lamina 120 and a second lamina 122 are rectangular and comprised of PFA. A third lamina 124 and a fourth lamina 126 are formed of PTFE. The TFM-1700 formulation of PTFE available from Hoerchst is suitable. Said third and fourth laminae are the outer laminae and include the bosses 54, 56 which may be welded together under pressure and by way of conduction heat to form a weld such as illustrated by the dashed lines labelled with the numeral 130. It has been found that the four ply section is suitable welded on the edge portions when said edge is clamped between weld apparatus portions heated to 670°F for a period of two and a half minutes. The contractible portion 104 is welded onto a tubular end portion 108 as follows. A mandrel with an oval cross section is inserted into the open end 134 of the tubular end portion 108 as well as into the opening 136 of the sandwiched four ply welded portion. A layer of polyamide film such as the Kapton ® brand, available from DuPont Electronics, is wrapped around the juncture 142 between the fitting 110 and the four ply section 139. The ends of the layer of film may be sealed together with cyanoacrylic adhesive. The combined elements are inserted into a conduction heating weld apparatus 150 radial pressure is provided to the weld apparatus portions, and sufficient heat is provided to the juncture through the film 141 so as to weld the fitting to the four ply section. The welded piece is then removed from the heater 150, allowed to cool, and the sacrificial film 141 is removed and discarded. Such a welding procedure prevents the difficultly of the PFA adhering to the weld apparatus and provides for a very smooth and uniform weld, and eliminates flashing formed where the weld apparatus portions join during the weld process. The mandrel, which may be formed of separate portion of polyamide, PTFE, salt or other suitable material is removed. The process is repeated for the other fitting. The tubular end portions of the valve may be similarly welded to other tubular end portions, such as on a section of tubing. Significantly, this method is suitable for generally welding tubular end portions of PFA fittings, tubing, and pipe. Referring to FIG. 10, a portable weld apparatus 152 is shown and comprises weld apparatus portions 154, 156 hinged together which clamp around a pair of PFA tubing end portions 160, 162 to be welded. A wrap 166 of heat resistant film extends around the juncture 168 to be welded. The heat provided by the weld apparatus may be appropriately restricted such that the portions of the tubular end portions which exceed the melt temperature of the plastic components is restricted to the portions covered by the wrap. It has been found that portions to be joined may be placed in weld apparatus portions which have been preheated to 640°F at the weld site. The temperature is elevated to 650°F and then allowed to cool to 400°F at which point the part may be removed. It has been found that lOOlbs. of radial force is suitable in the weld apparatus of FIG. 9. Appropriate welding parameters can be readily determined by appropriate testing and such will obviously vary depending on the particular characteristics of the components to be welded and the weld apparatus. The film utilized should be flexible, resistant to heat under the conditions discussed above and strong enough to be removed from the weld site after the weld operation. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiment be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.

Claims: IN THE CLAIMS ; 1. A plastic valve for controlling the flow of fluid, the valve comprising: a) a valve body with an open interior; b) a flexible valve element with a fluid flow concourse therethrough, the valve element positioned in the valve body, the valve element compressible and distensible for controlling the flow of fluid therethrough; the valve element comprising an inner lamina adjacent the fluid flow concourse and an outer lamina, and c) a valve mechanism contained within the valve body, the mechanism comprising: a yoke member movable toward and away from the valve element, the yoke member having a pair of arms positioned on opposite sides of the valve element; a pair of linkages, one extending from each of the arms of the yoke member to connect to one of the sides of the valve element, whereby the valve element can be compressed by the movement of the yoke member . 2. The valve of claim I, wherein the valve element comprises a first side and a second side, the first side comprising a first laminae of fluoropolymer plastic, the second side comprising a second lamina of fluoropolymer plastic, each lamina having two edges extending axially, one of the edges of each lamina adhered to an edge of the outer lamina defining the fluid flow concourse. 3. The valve of claim 2, wherein the first lamina comprises perfluoroalkoxy resin, the second lamina comprises perfluoroalkoxy resin, wherein the first side of the valve element further comprises a third lamina comprised of polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and wherein the second side of the valve element comprises a fourth lamina comprised of polytetrafluoroethylene resin. 4. The valve of claim 3, wherein the third and fourth laminae each have a boss and wherein the valve further comprises a pair of clamping portions one located on each of the opposite sides of the valve element, each clamping portion connected to one of the bosses, and wherein the linkages connect to the respective opposite sides of the valve element by way of the clamping members . 5. A plastic valve for controlling the flow of fluid, the valve comprising: a) a valve body with an open interior; b) a flexible valve element with a fluid flow concourse therethrough, the valve element positioned in the valve body, the valve element flattenable for controlling the flow of fluid therethrough; the valve element comprising an inner lamina adjacent the fluid flow concourse and an outer lamina, and c) a valve mechanism contained within the valve body, the mechanism comprising: a yoke member movable toward and away from the valve element, the yoke member having a pair of arms positioned on opposite sides of the valve element; a pair of clamping portions positioned on opposite sides of the valve element; and, a pair of linkages, one extending from each of the arms of the yoke member to one of the clamping portions, whereby the valve element is compressed by movement of the yoke member. 6. A valve comprising: a) a valve body; b) a flexible valve element with a fluid flow concourse therethrough, the valve element positioned in the valve body, the valve element flattenable for controlling the flow of fluid; the valve element comprising an inner lamina and an outer lamina, the inner laminae and outer lamina having adjacent portions not bonded to each other thereby providing sliding contact therebetween, the inner lamina comprising perfluoroalkoxy and outer lamina comprising polytetrafluoroethylene; c) a valve mechanism in the body for flattening the valve element. 7. The valve of claim 6, wherein the outer lamina has a boss; and wherein the valve mechanism connects to the boss. 8. The valve of claim 7 wherein the valve mechanism pushes inwardly on the boss for flattening the valve element and pulls outwardly for distending the valve element, and wherein the inner laminae and outer laminae each have edge portions and said edge portions are hermetically sealed together whereby when the valve mechanism pulls outwardly on the outer lamina the inner lamina is pulled outwardly therewith due to the hermetic seal . 9. The valve of claim 6 further comprising a valve mechanism contained at least partially in the valve body, the valve mechanism comprising a camming member, the camming member movable to flatten the valve element. 10. The valve of claim 9 wherein the valve mechanism comprises a yoke member movable toward and away from the valve element, the yoke member having a pair of arms positioned on opposite sides of the valve element for flattening and distending the valve element. 11. A valve comprising: a) a valve body; b) a flexible valve element in the valve body, the valve element flattenable and distensible to control the flow of fluid, the valve element comprising multiple laminae with an inner lamina having a first inner surface for contacting the fluid and an outer lamina, the outer lamina having a boss; c) a valve mechanism connected to the boss and operable to move the boss radially inward thereby compressing the valve element . 12. The valve of claim 11 wherein the valve mechanism is operable to move the boss radially outward thereby pulling the outer laminae outwardly and wherein the inner laminae and outer laminae are hermetically sealed whereby the inner laminae follows the outer laminae when said outer laminae is pulled outwardly whereby the flexible valve element is distensible when the fluid in the fluid concourse is below atmospheric pressure. 13. The method of fabricating a valve element for a contractible tube valve with the contractible portion having a pair of opposing fluoropolymer collapsible sides defining a fluid flow conduit and two open ends, a pair of fluoropolymer tubular end portions, each tubular end portion sized to conform to one of the comprising the steps of: a) abutting a tubular end portion to the contractible portion to define a juncture to be welded; b) covering the juncture to be welded with a layer of flexible impervious film, said impervious film having a melting temperature greater than that of the fluoropolymer tubular end portion and greater than that of the fluoropolymer collapsible sides; c) heating the juncture to be welded in a conduction heater sufficient to fuse the tubular end portion to the contractible portion; and d) removing the impervious film from the juncture. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of selecting a polyamide film as the layer of flexible impervious sheet . 15. A method of joining a pair of fluoropolymer tubular end portions comprising the steps of: a) abutting the pair of tubular end portions to define a juncture to be welded; b) covering the juncture to be welded with a layer of flexible impervious sheet, said impervious sheet having a melting temperature greater than that of the fluoropolymer tubular end portions; c) heating the juncture to be welded in a conduction heater sufficient to fuse the tubular end portions at the juncture; and d) removing the impervious sheet from the juncture. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of selecting a polyamide film as the layer of flexible impervious sheet .

Inventors: JOHNSON MICHAEL W, LINDER JAMES C, MCKENZIE JEFFREY J, MCPEAK THOMAS J, MELBOSTAD STEVEN A, JOHNSON, MICHAEL, W., LINDER, JAMES, C., MCKENZIE, JEFFREY, J., MCPEAK, THOMAS, J., MELBOSTAD, STEVEN, A.
Applicants: FLUOROWARE INC, FLUOROWARE, INC.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: F16K
IPC codes: B29C65, F16K7