DRIVER'S SIDE AIRBAG

Abstract: A multi-chambered driver's side airbag (22) has a toroidal first chamber (22) facing a vehicle occupant. A second chamber (24) is located at least partially within the first chamber. An inflator (28) inflates one of the first and second chambers sequentially or substantially simultaneously.

Description: DRIVER'S SIDE AIRBAG The invention generally relates to airbag systems and more particularly to a multi-chambered driver's side airbag. The typical driver' s side airbag is manufactured with two opposing and joined circular front and rear panels of woven material. This material, depending upon the permeability required, may be coated. The two panels define a single chamber that is inflated by an airbag inflator. The inflator is received within a central opening of the rear panel. Some driver's side airbags include one or more tethers which restrict the distance that the forward facing panel can extend toward the driver. While these prior art airbag constructions provide excellent protection for the properly positioned driver, they may not provide optimum protection for the driver situated out-of-position . For example, an "out-of-position" vehicle occupant is defined as one who is in close proximity to the airbag at the time of airbag deployment. The present invention reduces vehicle occupant out-of-position problems in two ways. First, dividing the airbag into chambers provides for more control over the manner of inflating the bag, such that it may be inflated radially first to control impact with the vehicle occupant, or the center can be filled first causing the vehicle occupant to be pushed away from the steering wheel rather than inflating under the chin causing neck tension injuries. Second, dividing the airbag into chambers allows more efficient use of inflation gas which allows a slower inflator to be utilized. It is well known in the art that a slow inflator fill will reduce the impact of the airbag on the vehicle occupant, thereby reducing the forces imparted. Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a cross-section of the present invention . FIG. 2 is a front plan view of an inflated airbag. FIG. 3 is an assembly view showing a back or rear panel, face or front panel and chamber separator used in a first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 shows a partially constructed airbag. FIG. 5 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the invention . FIG. 6 is a view of a completed airbag. FIG. 7a is a top plan view of the inflator. FIG. 7b is a side plan view of the inflator. FIGS. 8a and 8b are a top plan and a cross- section of a retaining ring, respectively. FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a housing. FIG. 10 is a cross-section view of a complete module. FIG. 11 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention . FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of the invention . FIGS. 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of the invention . FIGS. 15 - 18 show other embodiments of the invention . Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention is directed to a driver' s side module 150 comprising an airbag 20 having a first chamber 22, a second chamber 24 and inflator 28. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the major components of the airbag and module. The airbag comprises a generally circular front or face panel 30 and a similarly shaped rear or back panel 32. The rear or back panel includes a central opening 34 and a plurality of fastener holes 36. The inflator 28 is secured within the opening 34 at the neck 32a of the rear panel 32. The airbag 20 additionally includes a third panel of material 40 that functions as a chamber separator. This chamber separator includes an opening 34a, typically of the same size as opening 34, and a like plurality of fastener openings 36a. The number of openings 36a is typically identical to the number of openings 36. In one embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the chamber separator 34 includes a plurality of discrete vents or openings 42. In the alternate embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 5 the chamber separator 40 is made of a permeable fabric. The permeability of the panel 40 is equivalent to the area of and replaces the discrete openings 42. Reference is briefly made to FIG. 4 which illustrates the steps in the construction of the airbag. The separator panel 40 is laid upon the face panel 30 and subsequently attached thereto, utilizing a peripheral seam of stitches generally shown as 46. Thereafter the face panel (with the chamber separator 40 attached) is registered upon the back panel 32. The face panel and back panel are joined by another peripheral seam of stitches shown as 48. The assembled airbag is turned inside out by taking hold of the center of the face panel and separator panel and pulling it through the opening 34 in the back panel. The direction of movement is shown by arrow 50. The resulting construction of the airbag 20 provides that each of the seams 48, 46 lie inside the airbag as shown in FIG. 6. Subsequently the inflator 28 is secured to the airbag 20. The following describes the apparatus and method of attaching the inflator 28 to the airbag 20 to affect a multi-chambered airbag 20 of FIGS. 1, 3 and 5. The inflator 28 is of general cylindrical construction and is provided with peripheral flange 64 as more particularly shown in FIGS. 1, 5, 7a and 7b. The inflator 28 is retained within the airbag 20 by a retaining ring 70 and a housing 80. The flange 64 of the inflator 28 includes a plurality of mounting openings 66. The retaining ring 70 (see FIGS. 8a and 8b) includes a plate or body portion 72 having a like plurality of mounting openings 66. The plate or body 72 can be circular, square or rectangular shaped within or without the central opening 73. Secured within each of those openings 66 is a respective threaded fastener 74 that extends from the body 72. The fasteners 74 are not shown in FIG. 8a. A separate plate 76 (see FIGS. 1 and 5) is located below the retaining ring and above the inflator 28 and is used to clamp the neck 40a of the separator panel 40. This plate 76 also has a plurality of mounting openings 66. The housing 80 includes a peripheral rim 82, a body 84 which includes an inflator receiving opening 84a and a plurality of mounting openings 66 (see FIG. 9) . As can be appreciated the upraised rim 82 is optional. Mounting or fastener openings 66 in the housing 80 and in the inflator 28 are in alignment with the plurality of threaded studs or fasteners 74. FIG. 10 shows an assembled airbag module 150. Reference is briefly made to FIG. 6 which, for the purpose of illustration, shows the chamber separator 40 spaced from the back panel 32. During assembly the retaining ring 70 can be inserted through the opening 34 in the back panel and manipulated through the opening 34a in the chamber separator. Thereafter the studs 74 are located within the openings 36a of the chamber separator 40. The mounting ring can also be inserted into the openings on the chamber separator even before it is secured to the face panel. Thereafter the plate 76 is secured to the fasteners sandwiching the neck 40a therebetween. Subsequently, the inflator 30 is slid through the opening 34 in the back panel. The openings 36 in the back panel are fitted about a respective one of the fasteners 74 such that the adjacent material of the back panel lies upon the flange 64 of the inflator. Thereafter the housing 80 is secured onto the fasteners 74 thereby clamping the back panel between the flange 64 and the plate 84 of the housing. The retaining ring 70, inflator 28 and housing 80 are secured together by use of threaded nuts such as 90 (see FIG. 1) . As can be seen from the various drawings, the inflator 28 includes one or more exit ports 31. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, these exit ports 31 are positioned between the back panel 32 and the separator panel 40 such that upon inflation, inflation gas can exit the inflator 28 generally into an annular space 100 surrounding the inflator. The inflation gas thereafter flows into and fills the first chamber 22 and then into the interior or central chamber 24 through the discrete vents or openings 42 in the separator panel 40. In the alternate embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the inflation gas flows through the permeable separator panel 40 to fill the center chamber 42. The length of the separator panel from the points of attachment proximate the inflator to its attachment to the front panel 30 is relatively short and limits the forward extension (toward the driver) of the airbag and as such functions as a tether. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 the upper plate 76 on the inflator is removed and the retainer 70 and housing 80 directly clamp the central portion or neck 40a of the separator panel 40 to the central portion or neck 32a of the back panel 32. In this embodiment, the inflator ports communicate directly with the center chamber 24. Upon activation of the inflator, the inflation gas first fills the center portion and then flows through the ports 42, or alternatively, through permeable material, of the chamber separator 40, into and inflates the peripheral inflation chamber. FIG. 12 shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention which is similar to FIGS. 1 and 5. In this embodiment some of the inflation ports 31 communicate with the first chamber 22 and additional ports 31a communicate with the second chamber 24. In this manner the rate of inflation of each chamber can be controlled directly in proportion to the number and size of the ports 31. The separator panel in this embodiment can be devoid of openings or of a very low permeability, or use discrete vent openings or permeable material. Reference is again briefly made to FIG. 10 which illustrates an assembled airbag module 150. In this view, the airbag 20 is folded within the housing 80 and protected by a cover 152. Upon deployment of the airbag, the cover 152 is moved away from the housing or caused to separate along frangible tear seams 154, as is known in the art. FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the invention. In this and the following embodiments some edges 161 of the front and rear panels near the seams 48 are exposed. In the embodiment of FIGS. 13 and 14, the chamber separator panel 40 is first sewn to the rear panel 32 at discrete locations 160. The locations 160 are sewn- together regions or areas. The construction provides flow spaces 162 between adjacent sewn regions 160 (also see the cross-sectional view in FIGRUE 13) to permit inflation gas (see arrows 164) exiting the inflator 28 to flow between the separator panel 40 and rear panel 32. Subsequently, the separator panel 40 is joined to the face panel 30 at the peripheral seam 46. Having attached the separator panel to the front panel, the edges of the front and rear panels 30, 32 respectively are joined at a peripheral seam 48. Upon activation of the inflator 28, inflation gas flows through the spaces 162 into the first chamber 22. Thereafter the inflation gas can flow through discrete openings 42 such as illustrated in FIG. 1 or permeable material as illustrated in FIG. 5. Similarly, the inflator 28 can also port inflation gas directly into the center chamber 24. To achieve gas flow into the chamber 24, the center portion 40b of the separator panel 40 will include flow openings such as 42a or alternately the panel 40 will be made using a permeable material. In FIG. 13, the neck portion 32a of the panel 32 is sandwiched between the flange 64 (shown with an up-turned edge) of the inflator 28 and housing 80 or by another method of securement such as using a standard bag ring (a plate with a large center opening for the inflator and a plurality of mounting openings) . In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the separator panel 40 comprises a generally circular panel secured at an interior seam 170 to the rear panel 32. The panel 32 includes an opening 34 for receipt of the inflator 28. The connection between the rear panel 32, the inflator 28 and housing is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 15. Subsequently, the face panel 30 is secured by an exposed peripheral seam 48 to the rear panel 32. Upon activation of the inflator 28, gas flows directly between the face panel and rear panel defining a first inflated chamber 22'. AS can be appreciated, those embodiments using an exposed seam are generally simpler to manufacture. Subsequently, inflation gas flows through the openings 42, or alternatively, the panel 40 is made of permeable material to inflate a second chamber 24'. As illustrated in FIG. 15, the second chamber 24' hides the first chamber 22' from the vehicle occupant. In FIG. 16 the face panel 30 and rear panel 32 are secured proximate their respective neck openings to the inflator 28 and housing 80. The outer edges of the separator panel 40 are secured to the face panel 30 at a seam 46 and the rear and face panel 32 and 30 are joined at a seam 48. Upon activation of the inflator, inflation gas flows into the first chamber 24 defined between the rear panel 30 and face panel 40 and through orifices 42 (or permeable material) into the outer chamber 22. Reference is briefly made to FIG. 17 which shows an embodiment having a face panel 30 and an intermediate panel 32' (which is generally identical to the rear panel 32 of the earlier embodiments) . In this embodiment the intermediate panel 32' includes discrete orifices 42. A smaller panel such as 40' is secured by a seam 46 to the panel 32' . It is this panel 40' that includes an opening 34 to receive the inflator 28. A chamber 22 is located behind chamber 24. FIG. 18 shows still another embodiment of the invention wherein an enlarged separator panel 40" is secured to the edge of the rear panel 32 at seam 48. The respective necks of the panels 40" and 32 are secured to the inflator and housing. In this embodiment, the face of the airbag 20 is formed by a small diameter face panel 30' that is sewn to the separator panel 40". The face of the airbag is formed by the face panel 30' and the outer surrounding portions 40c of the separator panel 40". It should also be appreciated that the respective neck portions of the separator panels and rear panels of FIGS. 16 and 18, as well as the inflator and housing, can be configured to achieve the gas flow described in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 5.

Claims: CLAIMS : 1. A multi-chambered driver's side airbag comprising : a toroidal first chamber (22) facing a vehicle occupant to be protected; a second chamber (24) located at least partially within the first chamber; an inflator (28) for first inflating one of the first and second chambers or for inflating both chambers substantially simultaneously. 2. The multi-chambered driver' s side airbag defined in Claim 1 wherein the first and second chambers share a common wall (40) . 3. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 2 wherein the common wall (40) includes flow means (42) for permitting inflation gas to flow between the first and second chambers. 4. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 3 wherein the flow means includes either a discrete orifice or a permeable material. 5. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 1 wherein the inflation means includes exit ports (31) communicated with one or both of the first chamber and the second chamber. 6. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 5 wherein the first chamber and second chamber are formed of various pieces of material, each piece of material proximate the inflation means includes a neck portion (40a, 32a), the inflation means including clamping means for clamping the neck portion of each piece of material. 7. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 6 wherein the inflator includes at least one flange or plate which in cooperation with a retaining ring (70) and housing (80) serves to clamp one of more panels of material. 8. The multi-chambered driver' s side airbag defined in Claim 7 wherein the retaining ring (70) and a first plate (62) of the inflator (28) clamp the common wall (40) in place. 9. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 8 wherein the inflator flange (64) and the housing (80) clamp the rear panel (32) in place . 10. The multi-chambered driver's side airbag defined in Claim 9 wherein the common wall and rear panel are secured together and clamped by one of the retaining ring, housing and inflator plate or flange.

Inventors: FOWLER GERALD M, MUSIOL JOHN A, POPOVSKI TONY B, SEITZMAN MARKELL, WEBER PAUL R, FOWLER, GERALD, M., MUSIOL, JOHN, A., POPOVSKI, TONY, B., SEITZMAN, MARKELL, WEBER, PAUL, R.
Applicants: BREED AUTOMOTIVE TECH, BREED AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B60R21
IPC codes: B60R21