CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPE

Abstract: Panoramic telescope that provides a right-way-up image for photographing, hunting and astronomy. The invention is a panoramic telescope that is constructed with a lens placed in the tube case (1) and with an ocular (3), a flat secondary mirror (8) is placed in the case end (6) of the tube case (1), inside the tube case (1) there is a shadowing tube (9) preferably attached to the cover (13) of the tube case (1) and a positive extension piece (10) constructed from achromatic lenses (11, 12) and underneath the positive extension piece (10), centered with the opening (15) in the middle of it and with the optical axis (t) of the panoramic telescope, there is a primary mirror (14), and the ocular (3) is constructed with an eyepiece lens (17) consisting of achromatic lenses (18, 19). It is characterised by that an adjustable case unit (4) is attached to the tube case (1) with a threaded unit (5), and in the case end (6), where said adjustable case unit (4) ends, a transparent plate (7) is placed practically made of glass, and the flat secondary mirror (8) is constructed or placed in the middle of the transparent plate.

Description: CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPE The invention relates to a panoramic telescope that provides a right-way- up image and can be used widely in the field of photography, hunting and astronomy. According to the present state of technology several solutions have become known in connection with the construction of telescopes. Lens- type panoramic telescopes have a long tube and cannot be used for close observation, among them the simpler systems provide an upside-down image. Due to their weight it is difficult to hold them with the hands, and due to the length of the tube the trembling of the hands results in a disturbing effect in the case of high magnification. In the case of a short tube several lens systems are required, which results in a loss of light and increases the weight of the equipment. In most cases magnification can only be changed by changing the eyepiece. Medial telescopes (e.g.: Maksutov-telescopes) provide an upside-down image, their magnification can only be adjusted by changing the eyepiece. They are heavy, they cannot be held in the hands. They are difficult and expensive to produce. In the case of high magnification the short-focus eyepiece is uncomfortable for the eyes, and it is difficult to find the aiming point. In the case of astronomical telescopes (e.g.: Cassegrain, Newton system) protection from dust and easy cleaning are critical. The tube is longer, a spotting telescope is needed because of the upside-down image. Adjustable extension and large effective focus is difficult to solve. The changing of the eyepieces is inconvenient. In the case of high magnification the short focus eyepiece is uncomfortable for the eye. According to the present state of technology patent description No. US 4938 576 describes equipment suitable for producing an optical collimated beam. In the construction a flat mirror is used as a secondary mirror and a curved mirror is used as primary mirror. In patent description No. US 4 061 420 a corrected catadioptric telephoto lens system is described. By constructing the solution according to the invention our aim was to create a telescope of universal use that can be produced in a simple way, cheaply and in good quality and that can be used for different purposes in several constructions. The solution according to the invention is based on the recognition that if the panoramic telescope is constructed so that an adjustable case unit is attached to the tube case of the panoramic telescope with a threaded unit, and in the case end, where the said adjustable case unit ends, a transparent plate is placed practically made of glass, and the plane secondary mirror is constructed or placed in the middle of this transparent plate, then the set aim can be achieved. We also recognised that another construction of the panoramic telescope according to the invention is possible, if the eyepiece lens is placed in the cover of the tube case, in the optical axis of the panoramic telescope, and inside the tube case a lens holding tube is attached to the cover of the tube case, and the positive extension piece and the shadowing tube are placed on this lens holding tube. So the invention on the one part is a panoramic telescope that is constructed with a lens placed in the tube case and with a movable ocular attached to it from the outside, so that a flat secondary mirror is placed in the case end of the tube case, inside the tube case there is a shadowing tube, preferably attached to the cover of the tube case and a positive extension piece constructed from achromatic lenses, and underneath the positive extension piece, centred with the opening in the middle of it and with the optical axis of the panoramic telescope, there is a primary mirror, and the movable ocular is constructed with an eyepiece lens consisting of achromatic lenses. It is characterised by that an adjustable case unit is attached to the tube case with a threaded unit, and in the case end, where the said adjustable case unit ends, a transparent plate is placed practically made of glass, and the flat secondary mirror is constructed or placed in the middle of this transparent plate. On the other part the invention is a panoramic telescope that is constructed with a lens placed in the tube case, so that a flat secondary mirror is placed in the case end of the tube case, inside the tube case there is a shadowing tube and a positive extension piece constructed from achromatic lenses, and underneath the positive extension piece, centred with the opening in the middle of it and with the optical axis of the panoramic telescope, there is a primary mirror, and the optical system contains an eyepiece lens consisting of achromatic lenses. It is characterised by that inside the tube case a lens holding tube is attached to the cover of the tube case, and the positive extension piece and the shadowing tube are situated on this lens holding tube, the eyepiece lens is placed in the cover of the tube case in the optical axis of the panoramic telescope, and an adjustable case unit is attached to the tube case with a threaded unit, and in the case end, where the said adjustable case unit ends, a transparent plate is placed practically made of glass, and the flat secondary mirror is constructed or placed in the middle of this transparent plate. In the case of a possible construction of the panoramic telescope according to the invention, in order to cover the external edge of the transparent plate, a cover ring is placed in the case end, and in order to limit the movement of the adjustable case unit there is stop screw on the adjustable case unit. In the case of another favourable construction the movable ocular is attached to the ocular holder, practically with a screw thread, fixed on the cover of the tube case, and in the said movable ocular there is the scanning screen and the eyepiece lens constructed from achromatic lenses, and the viewfinder is placed at the end of the movable ocular, after the eyepiece lens. In the case of another favourable construction, between the centre of the opening of the primary mirror situated in the cover of the tube case and the positive extension piece there is an orientation distance ring, and a squeeze plate and adjusting elements, practically grub screws, are placed in the cover of the tube case to adjust and fix the primary mirror. Below the solution according to the invention is described with the help of the enclosed figures: Figure 1 shows a possible construction of the panoramic telescope according to the invention in semi-view - semi-section. Figure 2 shows another possible construction of the panoramic telescope according to the invention in semi-view - semi-section. In figure 1 a possible construction of the panoramic telescope according to the invention can be seen in semi-view - semi-section. In the case of this construction the panoramic telescope consists of a tube case (1) and a movable external ocular (3) attached to the tube case (1) with an ocular holder (2). The tube case (1) has an adjustable case unit (4) that is attached to the tube case (1) with a threaded unit (5). In order to limit the movement of the adjustable case unit (4) there is a stop screw (24) in the end of the adjustable case unit (4). The adjustable case unit (4) is ended with the case end (6) in which there is a transparent plate (7) practically made of glass. In the middle of the transparent plate (7) a flat secondary mirror (8) is constructed or placed. The covering of the external edge of the transparent plate (7) is ensured by a cover ring (25). Inside the tube case (1) there is the shadowing tube (9) attached to the cover (13) of the tube case (1), and under the said shadowing tube (9) there is a positive extension piece (10) practically constructed from achromatic lenses (11, 12). In the cover (13), centred with the opening (15), underneath the positive extension piece (10) there is the primary mirror (14) and the orientation distance ring (16). The squeeze plate (27) is between the primary mirror (14) and the cover (13). The movable ocular (3) is connected to the ocular holder 92) fixed firmly on the cover (13) of the tube case (1), practically with a screw thread, and in the said ocular (3) there is the scanning screen (21) and the eyepiece lens (17) practically built from achromatic lenses (18, 19). The viewfinder (20) is placed at the end of the movable ocular (3), after the eyepiece lens (17). In the construction shown in figure 1 the light path is marked with arrows. The light gets in the tube case (1) of the panoramic telescope through the transparent plate (7) placed in the case end (6), and it is reflected from the parabolic or spherical primary mirror (14) situated in the cover (13) of the tube case (1) to the flat mirror (8) situated in the case end (6). After being reflected from the flat mirror (8) the light goes along the positive extension piece through the shadowing tube (9), then it goes through the opening (15) in the middle of the primary mirror (14) and it is projected into the ocular (3). In the ocular (3) the light goes through the scanning screen (21) and the eyepiece lens (17), and then it leaves the panoramic telescope through the viewfinder (20) and it gets to the viewer. The flat mirror (8) is oversized, so in the case that it is adjusted, in the course of changing the magnification no disturbing external light can be projected onto the extension piece (10), so the quality of the gained image will always be appropriate, and the shadowing tube (9) does not need to be moved separately. The sharpness and magnification of the panoramic telescope shown in figure 1 can be set by shifting the position of the ocular (3) and the secondary mirror (8) related to each other on the t optical axis. In a given case the changing of the position of the ocular (3) is made possible by the threaded fixing of the ocular (3) on the ocular holder (2). The adjustment of the secondary mirror (8) is practically done by turning the threaded unit (5) of the case end (6). The secondary mirror (8) can be moved along the t optical axis in a different way, for example, by moving only the transparent plate (7) or the secondary mirror (8) on the t optical axis. The basic adjustment of this construction of the panoramic telescope is done by putting the positive extension piece (10) and the primary mirror (14) in the right position. They only need to be moved to achieve the basic adjustment. In the course of the basic adjustment the squeeze plate (27) situated underneath the primary mirror (14) ensures the equal distribution of the mechanical tightening force and the parallelism of the optical axes. In figure 2 another possible construction of the panoramic telescope according to the invention can be seen in semi-view - semi-section. In the case of this construction the panoramic telescope according to the invention consists of a tube case (1), a positive extension piece (10) situated on the lens holding tube (26) attached to the cover (13) of the tube case (1) and an eyepiece lens (17) placed in the cover (13). The tube case (1) has an adjustable case unit (4) attached to the tube case (1) with a threaded unit (5). In order to limit the movement of the adjustable case unit (4) there is stop screw (24) in the end of the adjustable case unit (4). The adjustable case unit (4) is ended with the case end (6) in which there is a transparent plate (7) practically made of glass. The covering of the external edge of the transparent plate (7) is ensured by a cover ring (25). In the middle of the transparent plate (7) a flat secondary mirror (8) is constructed or placed. Inside the tube case (1) there is the shadowing tube (9) attached to the extension piece (10) practically constructed from achromatic lenses (11, 12). In the cover (13), underneath the lens holding tube (26) there is the primary mirror (14), the eyepiece lens (17) and the orientation distance ring (16) centred with the opening (15) of the cover 6 (13). The squeeze plate (27) is between the primary mirror (14) and the cover (13). In the middle of the cover (13) of the tube case (1), before the eyepiece lens (17) consisting of achromatic lenses (18, 19) firmly fixed in the present case, at the end of the lens holding tube (26) there is the scanning screen (21), and the viewfinder (20) is situated in the cover 913) after the eyepiece lens (17). In the construction shown in figure 2 the light path is marked with arrows. The light gets in the tube case (1) of the panoramic telescope through the transparent plate (7) placed in the case end (6), and it is reflected from the parabolic or spherical primary mirror (14) situated in the cover (13) of the tube case (1) to the flat mirror (8) situated in the case end (6). After being reflected from the flat mirror (8) the light goes across the scanning screen (21) through the shadowing tube (9) and the positive extension piece (10), then it is projected into the eyepiece lens (17) through the opening (15) in the middle of the primary mirror (14). After going through the eyepiece lens (17) the light leaves the panoramic telescope through the viewfinder (20) and it gets to the viewer. The flat mirror (8) is oversized in the case of this construction, too, so in the case that it is adjusted, in the course of changing the magnification no disturbing external light can be projected onto the extension piece (10), so the quality of the gained image will always be appropriate, and the shadowing tube (9) does not need to be moved separately. The sharpness and magnification of the panoramic telescope shown in figure 2 can be set by shifting the position of the extension piece (10) and the secondary mirror (8) related to each other on the t optical axis. The adjustment of the secondary mirror (8) is practically done by turning the threaded unit (5) of the case end (6). The secondary mirror (8) can be moved along the t optical axis in a different way, for example, by moving only the transparent plate (7) or the secondary mirror (8) on the t optical axis. The basic adjustment of this construction of the panoramic telescope is done by putting the positive extension piece (10) and the primary mirror (14) in the right position. They only need to be moved to achieve the basic adjustment. In the course of the basic adjustment the squeeze plate (27) situated underneath the primary mirror (14) ensures the equal distribution of the mechanical tightening force and the parallelism of the optical axes. In the case of a possible practical realisation of the solution according to the invention, in the case of the construction according to figure 1, an intermediate link is put in the place of the ocular (3), which makes connection possible to a camera. By using a prismatic reversing piece in the adjustment link, a right-way-up image is received in the camera, and by this the telescope operates as a camera and/or video camera objective. In the case of the panoramic telescope according to the invention, increasing the length of the ocular (3) results in higher magnification. It can also be done by increasing the length of the ocular holder (2) or by using a telescope or lengthening piece on the cover (13) of the tube case (1). Practically the primary mirror (14) is adjusted and fixed to the cover (13) of the tube case (1) with six adjusting elements (23), for example, grub screws. Practically the scanning screen (21) situated in the ocular (3) is built as one unit and moves in line with the eyepiece lens (17). The scanning screen (21) cuts off the disturbing cone of light, the opening on it is smaller than the diameter of the achromatic lenses (18, 19) situated in the eyepiece lens (17). Its angle of view is about 60 degrees. The clamping and fixing of the panoramic telescope according to the invention can be done with the help of a stand clamp (22), which is placed on the cover (13) of the tube case (1). The solution according to the invention can also be used in binocular construction, which makes direct observation possible with the eyes easier. In this case, for example, the adjustment of the magnification and/or the sharpness is also possible by moving the positive extension pieces (10) of the panoramic telescope situated next to each other simultaneously. In the case of a possible concrete construction the complete length of the panoramic telescope according to the invention is 400 mm, the external diameter of the tube case (1) is 100 mm, its internal diameter is 93 mm. Its angle of view is maximum 0.8 degrees. Its effective focus is maximum 1800 mm; it has a magnification of 100 times in the case of an 18 mm focus lens system. The diameter of the primary mirror (14) is 92 mm. The diameter of the secondary mirror (8) is 42 mm, and the diameter of the transparent plate (7) is 95 mm, it is 3 mm thick. Constructed with these parameters the range of observation can be varied continuously from 5 m to infinity, and the magnification from 20 to 100 times. In the case of a possible practical concrete realisation of the solution according to the invention, in the case of the construction according to figure 2, the telescope can be attached to the camera or video camera with connection piece. In the camera a right-way-up image is received immediately, and by this the telescope operates as a camera and/or video camera objective. In the middle of the cover (13) of the tube case (1) the eyepiece lens (17) consisting of achromatic lenses (18, 19) can be either firmly fixed or movable. The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that it provides a right-way-up image that is much more favourable for the viewer, and at the same time it can be produced cheaper than other types of similar systems. The solution according to the invention can be used favourably in the field of panorama observation, photographing, hunting and astronomy. The closed mechanical construction provides dust- protection and it prevents the deterioration of the optical parameters. By positive extension the magnification can be set to a wide range, so the lens does not need to be changed in order to change the magnification. It makes the construction cheaper and easier to operate. List of references: 1 - tube case 2 - ocular holder 3 - movable ocular 4 - adjustable case unit 5 - threaded unit 6 - case end 7 - transparent plate 8 - secondary mirror 9 - shadowing tube 10 - positive extension piece 11 - achromatic lenses 12 - achromatic lenses 13 - cover 14 - primary mirror 15 - opening 16 - orientation distance ring 17 - eyepiece lens 18 - achromatic lenses 19 - achromatic lenses 20 - viewfinder 21 - scanning screen 22 - stand clamp 23 - adjusting element 24 - stop screw 25 - cover ring 26 - lens holding tube 27 - squeeze plate

Claims: 10 CLAIMS 1. Panoramic telescope that is constructed with a lens placed in the tube case and with a movable ocular attached to it from the outside, so that a flat secondary mirror is placed in the case end of the tube case, inside the tube case there is a positive extension piece preferably attached to the cover of the tube case and constructed from achromatic lenses, and underneath the positive extension piece, centred with the opening in the middle of it and with the optical axis of the panoramic telescope, there is a primary mirror, and the movable ocular is constructed with an eyepiece lens consisting of achromatic lenses, characterised by that an adjustable case unit (4) is attached to the tube case (1) with a threaded unit (5), and in the case end (6), where the said adjustable case unit (4) ends, a transparent plate (7) is placed practically made of glass, and the flat secondary mirror (8) is constructed or placed in the middle of this transparent plate (7). 2. Panoramic telescope that is constructed with a lens placed in the tube case, so that a flat secondary mirror is placed in the case end of the tube case, inside the tube case there is a shadowing tube and a positive extension piece constructed from achromatic lenses, and underneath the positive extension piece, centred with the opening in the middle of it and with the optical axis of the panoramic telescope, there is a primary mirror, and the optical system contains an eyepiece lens consisting of achromatic lenses, characterised by that inside the tube case (1) a lens holding tube (26) is attached to the cover (13) of the tube case (1), and the positive extension piece (10) and the shadowing tube (9) are situated on this lens holding tube (26), the eyepiece lens (17) is placed in the cover (13) of the tube case (1) in the optical axis (t) of the panoramic telescope, and an adjustable case unit (4) is attached to the tube case (1) with a threaded unit (5), and in the case end (6), where the said adjustable case unit (4) ends, a transparent plate (7) is placed practically made of glass, and the flat secondary mirror (8) is constructed or placed in the middle of this transparent plate (7). 11 3. Panoramic telescope as in claim 1 or 2, characterised by that in order to cover the external edge of the transparent plate (7), a cover ring (25) is placed in the case end (6), and in order to limit the movement of the adjustable case unit (4) there is stop screw (24) on the adjustable case unit (4). 4. Panoramic telescope as in claim 1 or 3, characterised by that the movable ocular (3) is attached to the ocular holder (2), practically with a screw thread, fixed on the cover of the tube case (1), and in the said movable ocular (3) there is the scanning screen (21) and the eyepiece lens (17) constructed from achromatic lenses (18, 19), and the viewfinder (20) is placed at the end of the movable ocular (3), after the eyepiece lens (17). 5. Panoramic telescope as in any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised by that between the centre of the opening (15) of the primary mirror (14) situated in the cover of the tube case (1) and the positive extension piece (10) there is a orientation distance ring (16), and a squeeze plate (27) and adjusting elements (23), practically grub screws, are placed in the cover

Inventors: TOTH ATTILA, TOTH, ATTILA
Applicants: TOTH ATTILA, TOTH, ATTILA
Application year: 1999
Main classification: G02B17
IPC codes: G02B17, G02B23