Method for mirror process of external surface of long sized metal

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal by which the external surface of a long sized metal can be mirror-processed in high precision and in high efficiency without a surface defect or so that stable dimension accuracy such as a roundness and improvement of yield in production can be obtained. The method comprises the steps of cramping both ends of a long sized metal such as a round tube or a round bar, charging the long sized metal in the positive electricity and rotating the metal, moving the long sized metal in the axial direction to pass through an electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus for processing the external surface of a long sized metal into a mirror surface. The electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus includes a plurality of grindstones pressed onto the long sized metal from the opposite directions or from outside to the rotation axis radially at a constant pressure, and negative electrodes disposed so that each of the grindstones is disposed between the electrodes in the circumferential direction. The electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus feeds an electrolyte to the external surface of the long sized metal, and integrates abrasion of the long sized metal by grindstones and concentration elution by an electrolyte for mirror process of the external surface of the long sized metal.

Description: The present invention relates to a method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal, as per preamble of claim 1. In order to mirror process the external surface of a long sized metal, a conventional cylinder centerless grinding machine is used, through which the long sized metal is passed once or plural times in accordance with a quality of the material and a required surface coarseness of products. Such a method is disclosed by US-A-3 442 784. In this case, some problems may occur easily, such as drop of productivity (i.e., low polished production or increase of grindstone wearing) due to clogging of the grindstone, interference with a receiving plate for supporting the long sized metal to be polished or roller blades, or a surface defect, e.g., scratches due to biting of grind grains. Therefore, various provisions and controls are necessary. The above-mentioned conventional technique has many problems to be solved adding to the low productivity and the surface defect. They are quality drops, e.g., dimension accuracy such as roundness, or a surface coarseness, a yield drop in production, and a cost increase due to several passing process for a super fine finishing. The object of the present invention is to solve the above mentioned problems, and to provide a method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal as per claim 1. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross section of an electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus and periphery thereof. Fig. 3 is a cross section of another embodiment having a separate finish polishing area of the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment having a movable electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus. Figs. 5A-5F illustrate examples of grindstone arrangement. Figs. 5A and 5B are the case of two grindstones. Figs. 5C and 5D are the case of three grindstones. Figs. 5E and 5F are the case of five grindstones. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the method according to the present invention, in which an electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1 is disposed between first moving means 2 with retaining mechanism and a second moving means 3 with retaining mechanism, which are aligned. The electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1 includes a housing 4 and partitions 4a disposed therein, which define a coarse polishing area A, a medium polishing area B and a finish polishing area C, and a middle portion of each partition 4a is provided with a through hole 4b as a passage of a long sized metal tube P, as shown in Fig. 2. The coarse polishing area A is provided with two rows (front and rear) of coarse grindstones 5 arranged opposite, each of which is retained by a cylinder 6 attached to the housing 4 and a grindstone holder 7 fixed at the distal end of the cylinder 6. In the same way, the medium polishing area B and the finish polishing area C are provided with two rows of medium grindstones 8 and finishing grindstones 9, arranged opposite. In addition, negative electrodes (see Fig. 5) are disposed so that each of the grindstones is disposed between the electrodes in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, the housing 4 is provided with an electrolyte feed port 10 at the front end, and an electrolyte discharge port 11 at the rear end. In addition, an electrolyte-recovering bath 12 is disposed below the electrolyte discharge port 11. The first moving means 2 with retaining mechanism comprise a lower bridge 13 which is fixed on a base as shown in Fig. 2, and an upper bridge 14 that can move vertically. The lower bridge 13 has a lower conveyer chain 15, while the upper bridge 14 has an upper conveyer chain 16, respectively in the direction from the front to the rear, as shown in Fig. 1. To the lower conveyer chain 15, plural receiving rollers 17 are attached via brackets 18 at a predetermined interval, and a linear actuator 19 disposed at a predetermined position, as shown in Fig. 1 and 2. To this linear actuator 19 an electric motor 21 is fixed via an attachment table 20 for rotating a cramp shaft 22, thereby whose distal end is provided with cramp means 23 for retaining an end of the long sized metal tube P. The rear end of the cramp shaft 22 abuts an electric contact 24 for charging the long sized metal tube P in the positive electricity via the cramp shaft 22 and the cramp means 23. To the upper conveyer chain 16 plural pressing rollers 25 are attached via brackets 26 at a predetermined interval, and a driving motor 27 is disposed above the upper bridge 14. This driving motor 27 rotates driving sprockets 16a and 15a for the upper and lower conveyer chains 16 and 15 simultaneously and in the opposite directions so that both of the conveyer chains can move in the same direction. Numeral 28 denotes a linear actuator for moving the upper bridge 14 vertically. The second moving means 3 with retaining mechanism are symmetric with the first moving means 2 with retaining mechanism. Therefore, detailed explanation thereof will be omitted, and the corresponding element will be indicated by the same numeral with a mark ('). Next, the polishing method will be explained. As shown in Fig. 1, a long sized metal tube P having length of about 4-6 meters is retained at both ends by the cramp means 23 of the first moving means 2 with retaining mechanism and the cramp means 23' of the second moving means 3 with retaining mechanism. The cramp means 23' penetrates the inside of the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1 and is protruded toward the first moving means 2 with retaining mechanism. After cramping the long sized metal tube P, the upper bridge 14 is moved downward so that the pressing rollers 25 abut the external surface of the long sized metal tube P. Thus, the long sized metal tube P is supported securely by the pressing rollers 25 and the receiving rollers 17 of the lower bridge 13. Then, the motor 21 rotates the long sized metal tube P in a high speed via the cramp shaft 22, and the long sized metal tube P is charged in the negative electricity via the electric contact 24. The upper conveyer chain 16 and the lower conveyer chain 15 of the first moving means 2 with retaining mechanism are moved in the forward direction, and synchronizing to this movement, the upper conveyer chain 16' and the lower conveyer chain 15' of the second moving means 3 with retaining mechanism are also moved in the forward direction, so as to supply the long sized metal tube P into the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1. The long sized metal tube P fed into the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1 is pressed by the grindstones 5 with an appropriate pressure applied by the cylinder 6 in the coarse polishing area A, and the electrolyte is supplied to the external surface of the long sized metal tube P via the electrolyte feed port 10. By integrating abrasion of a passivation coating formed on the external surface of the long sized metal tube P by the coarse grindstones 5 and concentration elution by the electrolyte, the external surface is polished coarsely. Next, along with the forward moving of the long sized metal tube P, medium polishing in the medium polishing area B and finish polishing in the finish polishing area C are performed sequentially. Thus, three polishing stages, i.e., coarse, medium and finish polishing stages are performed sequentially. After being polished, the long sized metal tube P exits from the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1 and is transferred to the second moving means 3 with retaining mechanism. The wasted electrolyte containing grind grains after the polishing is discharged from the electrolyte discharge port 11 to the electrolyte recovering bath 12 so that the grind grains do not remain on the finished surface of the long sized metal tube P. Then, the wasted electrolyte flows from the electrolyte recovering bath 12 to a sedimentation tank of an electrolyte feeding system (not shown), and after being filtered, the cleaned electrolyte is fed back to the electrolyte feed port 10. In this way, the three polishing stages are performed over the entire length from the front end to the rear end of the long sized metal tube P, and the polishing is finished when the rear end of the long sized metal tube has passed the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1. By repeating this operation, the external surface of the long sized metal tube P is mirror-processed continuously in high precision and in high efficiency. Since the long sized metal tube P is retained by the cramp means at both ends and is supported securely over the entire length thereof by the pressing rollers and receiving rollers while being polished, dimension accuracy such as a roundness will be improved to attain a high quality products and yield in production will be improved, too. In the above explanation, the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1 does not move. However, as shown in Fig. 1, appropriate swinging means Y can be provided for swinging the housing 4. Thus, the housing 4 may be swung in the axial direction of the long sized metal tube P, so that the movement of the long sized metal tube P can be combined with the swinging of the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 1. Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the method according to the present invention, which is different from the above-mentioned embodiment in that the finish polishing area is separate from other areas in the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus. In other words, there are a first electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 31 including the coarse polishing area A with coarse grindstones 5 and the medium polishing area B with medium grindstones 8, and a second electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 32 including the finish polishing area C with finishing grindstones 9. In this case, the first electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 31 has an electrolyte feed port 33 at the medium polishing area B side front end of the housing 34, and the wasted electrolyte containing grind grains is discharged from an electrolyte discharge port 35 disposed at the coarse polishing area A side rear end of the housing 34 so that the grind grains do not remain on the finished surface of the long sized metal tube P. In contrast, the second electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 32 has an electrolyte feed port 36 at the front end of the housing 37, and the wasted electrolyte containing grind grains is discharged from an electrolyte discharge port 38 disposed at the rear end of the housing 37 so that the grind grains do not remain on the finished surface of the long sized metal tube P. The above-mentioned method is suitable especially for the mirror process of a material that is hard to be machined or that is required super high quality, by controlling a density of the electrolyte and a standard for exchanging the electrolyte for the finish polishing in the second electrolytic polishing device 32 independently of those for the coarse polishing and the medium polishing in the first electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 31. Fig. 4 shows still another embodiment of the method according to the present invention, in which the long sized metal tube P is not moved, while an electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 41 is moved along the long sized metal tube P. In other words, the long sized metal tube P is retained at both ends by a cramp means 23' of a cramp shafts 22', and is supported by a plurality of receiving rollers 17'. Then, the cramp shafts 22' is rotated by a motor 211 so as to rotate the long sized metal tube P in high speed, while the long sized metal tube P is charged in the positive electricity via an electric contact 24'. The electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 41 has a nut member 42 at the bottom thereof, which engages a feed screw 44 provided to a basement 43. When the feed screw 44 is rotated by a motor 45, the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 41 moves with the nut member 44. Thus, the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 41 is moved along long sized metal tube P from the front end to the rear end thereof for the mirror process. The receiving rollers 17' support the long sized metal tube P so that the long sized metal tube P does not bend at the stage of retaining the long sized metal tube P at both ends by the cramp means 23' after feeding the long sized metal tube P to the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 41 for polishing. While, at the polishing stage, the receiving rollers 17' are turned horizontally together with support columns 46 or are moved downward together with support columns 46 into the basement 43 so that the receiving rollers 17' do not disturb the movement of the electrolytic-integrated polishing apparatus 41. It is possible to combine swinging of the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 41 with the simple movement thereof for the mirror polishing. Figs. 5A-5F show examples of the grindstone arrangement in the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus, in which two to five grindstones are combined in accordance with an external diameter of the long sized metal tube P. When disposing two grindstones, as shown, in Fig. 5A, the coarse grindstones 5 are disposed opposite so that the long sized metal tube P is disposed therebetween. Reference G denotes a tool electrode member for forming passages for the electrolyte and for guiding the coarse grindstones 5. The tool electrode members G with negative electrodes H are disposed at both sides of the tips of the grindstones 5. As shown in Fig. 1, when two rows (front and rear) of coarse grindstones 5 are used, the first row is arranged as shown in Fig. 5A, and the second row is arranged as shown in Fig. 5B so that the coarse grindstones 5 are shifted by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the long sized metal tube P with respect to the arrangement of Fig. 5A. When disposing three grindstones, as shown in Fig. 5C, the coarse grindstones 51 are disposed at the regular interval (120 degrees) in the circumferential direction of the long sized metal tube P'. In addition, when two rows (front and rear) of grindstones are used, the first row is arranged as shown in Fig. 5C, and the second row is arranged as shown in Fig. 5D so that the grindstones are shifted by 60 degrees in the circumferential direction with respect to the arrangement of Fig. 5C. Reference G' denotes a tool electrode member and reference H' denotes a negative electrode. When disposing five grindstones, as shown in Fig. 5E, the coarse grindstones 5'' are disposed at the regular interval of 72 degrees in the circumferential direction of the long sized metal tube P''. In addition, when two rows (front and rear) of grindstones are used, the first row is arranged as shown in Fig. 5E, and the second row is arranged as shown in Fig. 5F so that the grindstones are shifted by 36 degrees in the circumferential direction with respect to the arrangement of Fig. 5E. Reference G'' denotes a tool electrode member and reference H'' denotes a negative electrode. In this way, by increasing the number of grindstones along with the increasing external diameter of the long sized metal tube P, the mirror process can be achieved efficiently in a short time. The above-mentioned examples of the grindstone arrangement are not limited to the coarse grindstones 5 in the coarse polishing area A, but can be applied to the medium grindstones 8 in the intermediate polishing area B and the fine grindstones 9 in the finish polishing area C. Each of the above-mentioned embodiments is for a long sized metal tube. However, the present invention can be applied similarly to the mirror process of the external shape of a long sized metal round bar not limited to a long sized metal round tube. As mentioned above, the present invention provides a method in which surface defects such as scratches are not generated, which can be generated when using a centerless machining process. Thus, excellent effects can be obtained, i.e., the external surface of the long sized metal can be mirror-processed in high precision and in high efficiency, dimension accuracy such as a roundness will be stabilized, and yield in production will be improved. Reference Number 1 electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 2 first moving means with retaining mechanism 3 second moving means with retaining mechanism 4 housing 5 coarse grindstone 6 cylinder 7 grindstone holder 8 medium grindstone 9 finishing grindstone 10 electrolyte feed port 11 electrolyte exhaust port 12 electrolyte recovering bath 13 lower bridge 14 upper bridge 15 lower conveyer chain 16 upper conveyer chain 17 receiving roller 18 bracket 19 linear actuator 20 attachment table 21 motor 22 cramp shaft 23 cramp means 24 electric contact 25 pressing roller 26 bracket 27 driving motor 28 linear actuator 31 first electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 32 second electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 33 electrolyte feed port 34 housing 35 electrolyte discharge port 36 electrolyte feed throat 37 housing 38 electrolyte discharge port 41 electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus 42 nut member 43 basement 44 feed screw 45 motor 46 support column

Claims: A method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal (P) in high precision and in high efficiency by integrating abrasion of the long sized metal (P) by grindstones (5,8,9) and concentration elution by electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of: charging the long sized metal (P) in the positive electricity and rotating the metal (P) while moving the metal (P) in the axial direction thereof; pressing a plurality of grindstones (5,8,9) onto the external surface of the long sized metal (P) from opposite directions or from outside to the rotation axis radially at a constant pressure; disposing negative electrodes (H) in such a way that each of the grindstones (5,8,9) is disposed between the electrodes (H) in the circumferential direction; and supplying electrolyte to the external surface of the long sized metal (P) via electrolyte feeding means (10) characterised in that supporting the long sized metal (P) at both ends thereof using cramp means (23); and the grindstones (5,8,9) include different types such as coarse, medium, finishing arranged in multiple stages (A,B,C) at a predetermined interval along the axial direction of the long sized metal (P) from the long sized metal supplying side, each stage (A,B,C) including a plurality of grindstones (5,8,9) arranged in the circumferential direction at a predetermined angle interval. The method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal according to claim 1, said method further comprising the step of swinging a housing (4) for retaining the grindstones (5,8,9) along the axial direction of the long sized metal (P) to combine the swinging movement with the movement of the long sized metal (P). A method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal (P) according to claim 2, whereby moving an electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus (1) comprising a housing (4) with a plurality of grindstones (5,8,9), negative electrodes (H) and electrolyte feeding means (10) along the axial direction of the long sized metal (P), while swinging the electrolytic integrated polishing apparatus (1) in accordance with necessity. The method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal (P) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the electrolyte is fed from the finishing grindstone side. The method for mirror process of external surface of a long sized metal according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4 wherein the long sized metal (P) has a cylindrical or a bar-like shape.

Inventors: AKAGI KAZUO, AKIYOSHI TOMOHISA, NAKASHIMA YOSHIMITU, AKAGI, KAZUO, AKIYOSHI, TOMOHISA, NAKASHIMA, YOSHIMITU
Applicants: NISSIN UNYU KOGYO CO LTD, NISSIN UNYU KOGYO CO., LTD.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B24B1
IPC codes: B24B1, B24B29, B23H5