MATTRESS OR CUSHION STRUCTURE

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to support at least a portion of a body thereon. The apparatus includes a cover (62) having an interior region, a base (10, 50, 70, 124, 230) located within the interior region, and a three-dimensional engineered material (60, 76, 106) located within the interior region above the base (10, 50, 70, 124, 230). The three-dimensional engineered material (60, 76, 106) and the base (10, 50, 70, 124, 230) cooperate to provide support for the body.

Description: -1- MATTRESS OR CUSHION STRUCTURE Background and Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to mattress or cushion structures designed to improve pressure distribution while reducing the overall thickness of the mattress or cushion. The mattress or cushion structures of the present invention illustratively include a foam base on which one or more indented fiber layers or other three dimensional engineered material are placed. The base and the three dimensional engineered material layers are illustratively encased in a cover to provide a mattress or cushion. While the use of foam in mattresses and cushions is known and the use of three dimensional engineered material is known, the present invention relates to a unique combination of a foam base and three dimensional engineered material layers placed on the foam base. The present invention also contemplates that, in addition to the foam base, an air cushion layer may be used with the foam and the indented fiber layers to further enhance the pressure distribution capabilities of the mattress or cushion. In some embodiments, the base may be primarily, if not solely, an air cushion which is enhanced by at least one three dimensional engineered material layer. In other embodiments, water filled bladders, springs, or zones filled with beads, gel or other such material may be used in the base. Reference is made to U.S. patents 5, 731,062 and 5,454,142 disclosing the three dimensional fiber networks made from textile fabrics that have projections and optional depressions which are compressible and return to their original shape after being depressed. U.S. patents 5,731,062 and 5,454,142 are owned by Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Somerville, New Jersey. Such material is a synthetic thermoplastic fiber network in flexible sheets having projections and/or indentations for use as cushions and/or impact-absorbing components. The descriptions of such patents are incorporated herein by reference to establish the nature of one example of three dimensional engineered material or indented fiber layer disclosed herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the present invention contemplates use of such layers whether or not they are supplied by Hoechst Celanese Corporation and whether or not they are similar to the SPACENET® product. -2- It is understood that other types of materials similar to the SPACENET® material may be used. For example, the material may be any type of three dimensional engineered material having a spring rate in both the X and Y axes. Preferably such material is open and breathable to provide air passage through the layer. For instance, Model No. 5875, 5886, 5898, and 5882 materials from Mϋller Textile, a molded thermoplastic spacer matrix material available from Akzo Nobel, or other suitable material may be used. Therefore, the term "three dimensional engineered material" is meant to include any of these types of materials used in accordance with the present invention. The concept is to use three dimensional fiber layer networks made from textile fibers that have projections and optional depressions or other structures which are compressible and which return to their original shapes after being compressed or the equivalents of such layers. The SPACENET® fiber networks are typically made by thermo-mechanical deformation of textile fabrics that are in turn made from thermoplastic fibers. In accordance with the present invention other types of layers with individual spring or spring-like protrusions may be used. It has been found that two or more such layers, hereinafter referred to as "indented fiber layers" for convenience will assist in the pressure distribution when incorporated into an assembly comprising a well designed support base which may comprise foam or some combination of foam and air. The SPACENET® layers are examples of such "indented fiber layers." In the fabrication of a seat cushion, it has been found that improved pressure distribution is provided when the seat cushion is designed to form fit the buttocks of the person sitting on the cushion. When such seat cushions are used by patients who have experienced skin tissue breakdown on their buttocks, the improved pressure distribution will permit the patients to sit up in chairs for greater periods of time for the therapeutic value that accomplishes. An apparatus of the present invention is therefore configured to support at least a portion of a body thereon. The apparatus includes a cover having an interior region, a base located within the interior region, and a three dimensional engineered material located within the interior region above the base. The three dimensional engineered material and the base cooperate to provide support for the body. -3- Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the illustrated embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the invention as presently perceived. Brief Description of the Drawings The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which: Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a support surface base according to one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of another support surface of the present invention including a base, and a plurality of layers of three dimensional engineered material, and an outer cover; Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention similar to Fig. 2 in which the contoured base is also formed to include a recessed portion configured to receive at least one layer of three dimensional engineered material therein; Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of another cushion structure of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a top view of the cushion structure of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the cushion structure of Figs. 4 and 5; Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along lines 7-7 of Fig. 4; Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along lines 8-8 of Fig. 4; Fig. 9 is a view illustrating components of a top foam layer of a foam base configured to be inserted into an interior region of a cover shown in Figs. 4-8; Fig. 10 is a view illustrating components of a middle foam layer of the base; Fig. 11 is a view illustrating components a bottom foam layer of the base; and Fig. 12 is a perspective view a mattress in accordance with the present invention. .4. Detailed Description of the Drawings One embodiment of the present invention includes a base 10 upon which the three dimensional engineered material or the indented fiber layers are placed. The base 10 includes a plurality of layers of foam with each layer comprising a plurality of sections or strips of foam such as shown in Fig. 1. The Fig. 1 embodiment comprises four separate layers 12, 14, 16, 18 with each layer comprising a plurality of strips as illustrated. The strips are illustratively bonded together at their edges using conventional bonding techniques. The strips have various ILD ratings to provide desired support characteristics. Lower layer 12, for instance, has its two outside strips 20 which are illustratively made from 150 ILD rating foam while the three central strips 22 are made from 60 ILD rating foam. The base 10 of Fig. 1 is a lattice structure in which the strips comprising the lower layer 12 are extending from front-to-back while the strips comprising the second layer 14 are extending transversely or side-to-side. The layer 14 comprises five transversely extending strips, the front and back strips 24, 26 being, for example, of 90 ILD rating foam. The three central strips 28 comprising the second layer 12 may be made from a foam having a softer or more deformable ILD rating. The third layer 16 is constructed such that each of its side strips 30 are made from 60 ILD rating foam while its three central strips 32 are made from 30 ILD rating foam as illustrated in Fig. 1. The uppermost layer 18 has a pair of side strips 34 (extending front-to- back) made from 60 ILD foam. The upper layer 18 also has three transversely extending small pieces 36 at the back of the cushion with ILD ratings of 150, three centrally located sections 38, 40, 42 having a 30 ILD rating, and two side small sections 44, 46 have a 60 ILD rating. It will be appreciated that when these layers 12, 14, 16, 18 are superimposed together, the side edges (front-to-back) are provided largely by foam strips with higher ILD ratings including the first layer 12 side strips 20 with 150 ILD ratings and the third layer 16 with side strips 30 of 60 ILD ratings and the upper layer 18 with its side strips 34 with 60 ILD ratings. In the center of the composite cushion, in all four layers, the foam base 10 has lower ILD rating foam. At the back of the cushion, foam strips with higher ILD ratings including the 90 ILD rating strip 26 in the second layer 14 and the 150 ILD rating strips 36 in the upper layer 18 provide significant rigidity at the back. -5- With the composite structure shown in Fig. 1 , the foam base conforms to the buttocks of the person sitting on the cushion. Alternatively, in accordance with the present invention, a cushion base 50 is formed by sculpting a single piece of foam 52 or a piece of foam made from various composite components bonded together to have the contour recessed portions 54 shown in Fig. 2 configured to match a person's anatomy. The present invention includes placing above such a foam base 10, 50, one or more indented fiber layers or other such three dimensional engineered material layers over the base 10, 50. Typically, two to four such layers 60 are provided as illustrated in Fig. 2. The foam base 10, 50 and the plurality of layers 60 are then encased in a cover 62 as shown in Fig. 2. Details of the three dimensional engineered material layers are discussed above. In Fig. 3, a sculptured molded foam base 70 includes a contoured center portion 72 and is a cutout or recessed section 74 which is filled with at least one layer of three dimensional engineered material 76. A plurality of layers 60 similar to Fig. 2 are then placed over base 70. Base 70 and layers 60 are then located inside cover 62. Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figs. 4- 11. Figs. 4-8 illustrate a cushion 80 having a top surface 82 and surrounding piping 84. Side walls 86 are illustratively made from heavy material which permits air to pass through. A zipper 88 is provided adjacent a rear portion 90 of the cushion 80 to provide access to an interior region. A handle 92 is coupled to a bottom surface 94 adjacent a front portion 96 of the cushion 80. Fig. 6 illustrates additional details of the handle 92. Handle 92 includes a central gripping portion 98 and ends 100 and 102 which are coupled to the bottom surface 94 by suitable means such as sewing, RF welding, or other suitable attachment. A label 104 is also located on the bottom surface 94. Further details of the cushion 80 are shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Illustratively, the cushion includes a plurality of layers of three dimensional engineered material 106 located adjacent top surface 82. Top surface 82 is illustratively made from a breathable material such as Lycra. The three dimensional engineered material 106 is illustratively coupled to the outer piping 84 by suitable attachment such as stitching, welding, gluing, etc. at a plurality of locations as indicated by reference number 108 in Figs. 7 and 8. Therefore, the engineered material layers 106 are permitted to float or move relative to the top surface 82 of the cushion 80. Illustrative examples of the different types of three dimensional engineered material 106 are discussed above. In the illustrated embodiment, four layers of Spacenet material are used including a top layer 110 with the indentions pointing upwardly, a second layer 112 with the indentions pointing downwardly, a central spacer layer 114 below layer 112, a layer 116 with the indentions pointing upwardly, and a layer 118 with the indentions pointing downwardly. Therefore, the layer of the three dimensional engineered material 106 is provided within the cover 62 of the cushion 80. Cushion 80 further includes an inner plastic cover 122 surrounding a foam base 124. As discussed above, the foam base 124 can be a single piece of foam, a plurality of foam sections having different densities and ILDs stacked lengthwise or widthwise, or a plurality of layers of foam having different densities and ILDs. A fire sock 126 is located between the plastic cover 122 and the foam base 124. Bottom surface 94 is illustratively made from an anti-skid material such as a dipped open weave nylon material. Another embodiment of the foam base is illustrated in Figs. 9-11. A top layer 130 of foam base 124 is illustrated in Fig. 9. A middle layer 132 of foam base 124 is illustrated in Fig. 10, and a bottom layer 134 of foam base 124 is illustrated in Fig. 11. It is understood that all the separate foam sections are glued together to form a substantially continuous layer of material for each of the three layers 130, 132, 134. Top layer 130 is glued to middle layer 132, and middle layer 132 is glued to the bottom layer 134. Each of the foam sections is labeled with designations A, B, C, or D. These designations indicate the ranges of densities, and ILDs of the various foam sections to be discussed. The specifications for the foam sections are illustratively as follows: Foam Section Density ILD Type A 1.7 - 1.8 40 - 47 1745 B 3.0 61 - 71 Q61 C 1.7 - 1.8 90 - 100 LH96X D 4.0 - 4.25 171 - 181 Z171 Top foam layer 130 includes outer sections 136 illustratively having a length dimension 138 of 16 inches (40.6 cm) and width dimension 140 of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Two sections 142 and 144 are located adjacent a back portion of top layer 130. In other words, section 142 is located adjacent back portion 90 within the cushion 80. Sections 142 and 144 each have a width dimension 146 of 10 inches (25.4 cm) and a length dimension 148 of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Top layer 130 further includes front sections 150, 152 and 154. Sections 150 and 154 each have length dimensions 156 of 8 inches (20.3 cm) and width dimensions 158 of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Central section 152 has a length dimension of 8 inches (20.3 cm) and a width dimension 160 of 2 inches (5.1 cm). It is understood that dimensions used in Figs. 9- 10 are for illustrative purposes only. Sections having different widths and lengths may be used depending upon the size of the cushion and firmness characteristics desired. Middle layer 132 is illustrated in Fig. 10. Middle layer 132 includes three back sections 162, 164, and 166. Outer back sections 162 and 166 each have a length dimension 168 of 2 inches (5.1 cm) and a width dimension 170 of 6.5 inches (16.5 cm). Center back section 164 has a length of 2 inches (5.1 cm) and a width dimension 172 of 5 inches (12.7 cm). Middle layer 132 further includes two low density, low ILD layers 174 and 176. Layers 174 and 176 each have a length dimension 178 of 4 inches (10.2 cm) and a width dimension 180 of 18 inches (45.7 cm). A slightly higher ILD section 182 is located adjacent section 176. Section 182 has a width dimension of 18 inches (45.7 cm) and a length dimension 184 of 2 inches (5.1 cm). Middle layer 132 further includes a plurality of front foam sections 186, 188, 190, 192, and 194. Outer sections 196 and 194 have a length dimension 196 of 4 inches (10.2 cm) and a width dimension 198 of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Sections 188 and 192 each have a width dimension 200 of 2 inches (5.1 cm) and length dimension of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Center section 190 has a length dimension of 4 inches (10.2 cm) and a width dimension 202 of 6 inches (15.2 cm). Bottom layer 134 is illustrated in Fig. 11. Illustratively, bottom layer 134 includes five sections 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212 extending front to back. Outer sections 204 and 212 have a high density and high ILD. Outer sections 204 and 212 each have a length dimension 214 of 16 inches (40.6 cm) and width dimension 216 of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Sections 206 and 210 are located inwardly of outer sections 204 -8- and 212, respectively. Sections 206 and 210 each have a low density and low ILD. Sections 206 and 210 have a length dimension of 16 inches (40.6 cm) and a width dimension 218 of 4 inches (10.2 cm). Center portion 208 has a relatively high ILD. Central section 208 has a length dimension of 16 inches (40.6 cm) and a width dimension 220 of 2 inches (5.1 cm). After the top layer 130, the middle layer 132, and the bottom layer 134 are all coupled together to form a base 124, the base 124 is inserted into the cover 62 as illustrated above to form an improved seating cushion 80. In another embodiment of the present invention, a fan 222 is coupled to the cushion 80. Illustratively, fan 222 is coupled to the cushion 80 by a tube 224 as shown in Fig. 8. Fan 222 may be packaged to sit on the floor or may include a bracket for coupling the fan 222 to a wheelchair, chair, bed, etc. The fan 222 forces air through the three dimensional engineered material 106 and top surface 82 to provide cooling for a person situated on the cushion 80. As illustrated in Fig. 12, the apparatus of the present invention may also be used in a mattress or other support surface 230. The zones of the mattress 230 are illustratively made from foam sections having different densities and ILD ratings. In addition, the mattress 230 includes a foot end 232 having three dimensional engineered material 234 located therein above foam layers 236 and 238. The fan 222 may also be coupled to the support structure illustrated in Fig. 12 to provide air flow and cooling through zone 232. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain illustrated embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of the present invention as described and defined in the following claims.

Claims: -9- WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. An apparatus configured to support at least a portion of a body thereon, the apparatus comprising a cover having an interior region, a base located within the interior region, and a three dimensional engineered material located within the interior region above the base, the three dimensional engineered material and the base cooperating to provide support for the body. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the three dimensional engineered material includes a plurality of layers. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base is a foam base. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the foam base includes a plurality of layers. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of layers includes a plurality of separate sections. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the plurality of sections have different ILD ratings. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the different ILD ratings range from about 40 ILD to about 180 ILD. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the three dimensional engineered material is coupled to the cover. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the three dimensional engineered material is coupled to the cover at a plurality of separate spaced apart locations so that the three dimensional engineered material is movable relative to the cover. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cover includes an air permeable top surface, the three dimensional engineered material being located adjacent the top surface. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a fan coupled to the cover to provide air circulation through the three dimensional engineered material and through the top surface. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fire sock and a plastic layer surrounding the base. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a handle coupled to the cover. -10- 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cover includes a bottom surface formed from an anti-skid material. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a seat cushion. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a mattress. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base is contoured. 18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base is formed to include a recessed portion, and further comprising a three dimensional engineered material located within the recessed portion of the base. 19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base is an air cushion. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base is configured to conform substantially to a shape of the body located on the apparatus.

Inventors: BOLDEN MICHAEL V, ROMANO JAMES J, SOLTANI SOHRAB, BOLDEN, MICHAEL, V., ROMANO, JAMES, J., SOLTANI, SOHRAB
Applicants: HILL ROM CO INC, HILL-ROM, INC.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: A47C27
IPC codes: A47C27, A47C31, A61G5, A61G7