IMPROVED OMEPRAZOLE PROCESS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

Abstract: The present invention describes an improved process for the preparation, isolation, and purification of the anti-ulcer agent omeprazole whereby the sulfide precursor pyrmetazole is reacted subsurfacely with exactly one molar equivalent of <u>meta</u>-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in methylene chloride or toluene solution; residual organic solvent is removed from the aqueous layer by vacuum distillation; crude product is obtained by reactive crystallization with an alkyl formate or formic acid solution and seeding; and pure product is isolated by recrystallization in methanol-water containing aqueous NaOH by subsurface addition of aqueous acetic acid to pH 9.0, seeding, filtration, washing, and drying. Compositions of omeprazole containing no chromatographically detectable levels of residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent are also described.

Description: TITLE OF THE INVENTION IMPROVED OMEPRAZOLE PROCESS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present invention is related to U.S. provisional application Serial No. 60/096,037, filed August 11, 1998, and U.S. non- provisional application Serial No. 09/169,231, filed October 9, 1998, the contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a novel improved process for the preparation, isolation, and purification of the anti-ulcer agent omeprazole. Compositions of omeprazole containing no chromatographically detectable levels of residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent are also disclosed. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Omeprazole, the generic name for 5-methoxy-2-[[ 4-methoxy- 3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (denoted as Formula I below) is a well-described gastric proton-pump inhibitor and (R) (R) is on the market as LOSEC or PRILOSEC for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis, duodenitis, and reflux esophagitis (see Merck Index, 12th Ed., entry 6977, and references cited therein). Omeprazole is commercially prepared via a multi-step sequence, the last step of which is oxidation of the sulfide intermediate, 5-methoxy-2-[[4- methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]methylthio]-lH-benzimidazole (denoted as Formula II below), known generically as pyrmetazole, which is typically effected with a peroxy acid, such as meta- chloroperoxybenzoic acid (hereinafter referred to as MCPBA) (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,255,431 and 5,386,032), magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (MMPP) (U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,752), or peroxyacetic acid (WO 98/09962), in a suitable non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent. The preferred oxidizing agent is usually MCPBA, and suitable non-alcoholic organic reaction solvents include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, such as benzene and toluene, and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, such as chloroform and methylene chloride, in admixture with an alcoholic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or 1-butanol. The preferred non-alcoholic organic reaction solvents are usually methylene chloride and toluene, and the preferred alcoholic solvent is ethanol. Prior processes to omeprazole have numerous disadvantages that limit both the yield and the purity of the final product. A significant drawback of such prior methods is incomplete oxidative conversion of pyrmetazole into omeprazole as well as non- chemoselective oxidation. Two aspects of chemoselectivity are important in the oxidation of pyrmetazole. First, pyrmetazole contains two tertiary amino groups which can compete with the sulfide group for the oxidizing agent. Although these amino groups are less reactive than the desired sulfide, they can nevertheless undergo quantitative oxidation with MCPBA below ambient temperature. Second, the product omeprazole (a sulfoxide) can also react with MCPBA to form a sulfone by-product. Non-chemoselectivity and over-oxidation, characteristic of the previous methods, arise from ineffective control over the amount of the oxidizing agent as well as the manner in which the oxidizing agent is charged into the reaction vessel. Prior methods do not use accurately determined amounts of the oxidizing agent and do not provide for careful control of its addition to the reaction mixture. Non-chemoselective, over- , and under-oxidation all contribute to high impurities and loss of yield of the final desired product. Another disadvantage of prior procedures is the considerable loss of product in the purification and isolation steps due to solubility of omeprazole in the mother liquors and solvent washes. A further drawback concerns diminished product quality resulting from occlusion of residual solvents and reaction by-products during the crystallization steps. It is desirable to eliminate residual levels of organic reaction solvent and recrystallization solvent impurities in the final crystalline product for toxi city/safety reasons. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for the preparation, purification, and isolation of omeprazole that overcomes the yield and product purity limitations of prior methods. It is also an object of the invention to provide compositions of omeprazole having lower levels of residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent after the initial crude reactive crystallization step. It is a further object of the present invention to provide final compositions of omeprazole that contain no residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent within the limits of chromatographic detection and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual crystallization solvent. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation, purification, and isolation of omeprazole of the Formula I. The last chemical transformation in the preparation of omeprazole is the oxidative conversion of the sulfide intermediate pyrmetazole of the Formula II into its sulfoxide derivative omeprazole of the Formula I. In one embodiment of the improved process, the oxidizing agent is meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA), and the non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent is methylene chloride or toluene in admixture with an alcoholic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or 1- butanol, in particular, ethanol. In this embodiment, the completeness and chemoselectivity of the oxidation have been optimized by careful control of the amount of MCPBA charged to the reaction vessel. The use of one molar equivalent of MCPBA relative to the number of moles of pyrmetazole prevents non-chemoselective, over-, and under-oxidation resulting in fewer impurities and higher yields. In another embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of MCPBA in the charging solution is calculated using a novel analytical method based upon MCPBA oxidation of 3-methylisoquinoline to its N-oxide derivative and subsequent HPLC quantitation. Without this assay there exists no practical way to avoid either over-oxidation or incomplete conversion of pyrmetazole into omeprazole. In a further embodiment of the present invention, control over localized over-oxidation is achieved by subsurface addition of MCPBA, providing for entry of the oxidizing solution into the reaction vessel at the tip of the agitator blades, with simultaneous control of the reaction temperature. Incorporation of these novel features into the process ensures complete conversion of pyrmetazole into omeprazole with no formation of sulfone by-products. In another embodiment of the present invention, the isolation of the crude product has been improved by vacuum distillation of the crude aqueous phase after extraction of the reaction mixture prior to crystallization to remove most of the entrained methylene chloride or toluene from the oxidation step. The alcoholic solvent, in particular ethanol, concentration is re-adjusted in order to promote good crystal growth during the crude crystallization step. The crystallization step involves a two-stage neutralization either with a C^ alkyl formate, preferably methyl formate, or a solution of formic acid in aqueous methanol or ethanol, which is added subsurfacely through a diptube located near and directed perpendicular to the impeller tip. This mode of addition of the methyl formate or formic acid solution ensures rapid dispersion of the neutralizing agent, which promotes crystal growth over spontaneous nucleation. In so doing, occlusion of mother liquors in the crystals is minimized. Lowering the concentration of ammonia, relative to that used in prior procedures, in the ammonia-water wash, necessary to remove color impurities in the crude product, provides for further improvement in the yield of omeprazole. A further embodiment of the present invention concerns the final purification step. A methanol- water mixture is used for the crystallization step which is initiated by subsurface addition of aqueous acetic acid and subsequent seeding with omeprazole. The same methanol-water mixture is employed as a displacement wash to remove mother liquors and dissolved impurities while suppressing solubility losses. In this fashion, significant yield improvements are obtained with no adverse impact on product quality. Crystalline omeprazole is thus obtained with significant improvement in yield and purity. The isolated material contains no chromatographically detectable levels of residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent and less than 20 p. p.m. of residual methanol as the crystallization solvent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Not Applicable DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The instant invention relates to an improved process for the preparation, purification, and isolation of the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole and to novel compositions thereof. Omeprazole, having formula I, is prepared by reacting a solution of pyrmetazole, having Formula II, cooled to about -5 to +5°C and buffered to a pH of about 5 to 6, MCPBA, toluene or CH 2 CI 2 /ethanol with one molar equivalent of an oxidizing agent, relative to the number of moles of pyrmetazole, dissolved in a non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent in admixture with an alcoholic solvent. The alcoholic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and 1-butanol. In one embodiment of the instant improved process, the buffered solution comprises potassium bicarbonate, the oxidizing agent is meta-chloroperoxvbenzoic acid, and the non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent is methylene chloride or toluene, either in admixture with ethanol. The reaction is carried out such that both completeness and chemoselectivity of the oxidation are optimized. To force the reaction to proceed in a near quantitative fashion, it is necessary that any excess of the oxidizing agent, MCPBA, be minimized. Hence, the solution containing the oxidizing agent is accurately assayed so that an exact amount of reagent will be charged to the reaction vessel. In prior methods, the amount of MCPBA added was based on the commercial supplier's assay number. Since MCPBA solid contains about 15-25% water for safety reasons, the solid is not homogeneous. Therefore, the manufacturer can provide only the average assay results of MCPBA. If MCPBA from different containers and different suppliers is used, an inaccurate charge of MCPBA will result. A novel analytical method has therefore been developed to quantify MCPBA in the charging solution in order to deliver an accurate amount of the oxidizing agent. According to the assay, an excess amount of 3-methylisoquinoline (III) is reacted with MCPBA in toluene/ethanol solution to form 3-methylisoquinoline N- oxide (IV), according to the equation: The reaction is fast and quantitative. The remaining tertiary amine in the reaction mixture is quantitated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The amount of the amine consumed during the reaction is used to calculate the concentration of the MCPBA solution. It is also important that no excess oxidizing agent accumulate during addition of the reagent. This is best accomplished by subsurface addition of MCPBA, such that the solution enters the batch through a diptube located near and directed perpendicular to the agitator blades. This mode of addition provides for immediate dispersion of the oxidant, thus limiting localized over-oxidation. Chemo selectivity and extent of oxidation are also enhanced by controlling the reaction temperature without crystallization of the oxidizing agent. The optimum temperature range is about 0-5°C for the solution of the oxidizing agent and about -5 to +5°C for the reaction mixture throughout the addition process. Higher temperatures of either the MCPBA solution or the reaction mixture will result in some sulfone formation. Likewise, much lower temperatures temporarily suppress the oxidation reaction, which results in a localized accumulation of the oxidizing agent that can lead to over-oxidation products. After addition of the solution containing the oxidizing agent, aqueous base, for example 50% NaOH or KOH, is added, the solution allowed to age for about 0.5-1.0 hours at 0-5°C, and the aqueous phase separated from the organic phase. To minimize residual levels of the non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent, in particular toluene or methylene chloride, in the crude product, which translates into higher levels of volatile non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent in the pure product, it is important to remove as much entrained toluene or methylene chloride as possible from the crude aqueous phase. The source of residual toluene or methylene chloride is an emulsion that forms when the crude batch is extracted from toluene or methylene chloride with aqueous base. Removal of residual solvent may be accomplished by vacuum distillation of the aqueous phase at a pressure of about 25-70 mm Hg and temperature of about 15-35°C for about 1-4 hours. In further exemplification, the distillation is carried out at about 50 mm Hg and about 15°C for 2 hours. The vacuum distillation procedure reduces the pre-crystallization levels of toluene or methylene chloride to less than 400 p.p.m. Other options to break up the emulsion and effect better phase separation are less effective; these include filtration of the crude aqueous phase through a bed of Celite™, increasing the settling time, and addition of a strong electrolyte. Since the distillation process also results in removal of the alcohol, in particular ethanol, its concentration must be re-adjusted to approximately 15%, in order to facilitate crystal growth during the crude crystallization process. A lower level of the alcoholic solvent, in particular ethanol, produces finer crystals which are more likely to dissolve during subsequent washes thereby diminishing yields of the crude product. At this point, the reactive crystallization of omeprazole is initiated and maintained under controlled conditions. Approximately 40% of a C^. -alkyl formate charge, preferably methyl formate, is added over the first 30 minutes to bring the batch from a pH of about 13.5 to near supersaturation at a pH of about 10.6 to 10.8. The methyl formate addition is accomplished through a diptube which is narrowed at one end to create a fine stream and which is located near and perpendicular to the impeller tip. This technique ensures rapid dispersion of the methyl formate so that occlusion of impurities is minimized. When a pH of about 10.6-10.8 is attained, the methyl formate addition is discontinued, and the batch is aged for ten to twenty minutes to allow the temperature to cool to approximately 20 °C prior to seeding. It is important to seed between pH 10.6 and 10.8. Below 10.6 spontaneous nucleation will occur with little crystal growth, if a sufficient seed bed is not present. Seeding is effected with pure, milled omeprazole (100% by HPLC), and the rest of the methyl formate is added subsurfacely over 6-8 hours to adjust the pH to about 9.0-9.3. This crystallization procedure improves both the yield and purity of the product. Without being held to a specific mechanism, it is believed that the purity enhancement is mainly due to preventing occlusion of mother liquors by promoting crystal growth over nucleation. Crude omeprazole at this stage contains less than 100 p.p.m. of residual toluene or methylene chloride, as determined by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Reactive crystallization of crude omeprazole may also be carried out by neutralization of the aqueous basic solution of omeprazole with a solution of formic acid in aqueous methanol or ethanol, preferably a solution of about 20%(v/v) formic acid in about 25% aqueous methanol, which is added in a subsurface manner as described in the previous paragraph. Enough formic acid solution is added in this fashion to adjust the pH from about 13.5 to near supersaturation at a pH of about 10.6 to 10.8. At this stages, seeding is effected with pure, milled omeprazole (100% by HPLC), and the rest of the formic acid solution is added subsurfacely over 6-8 hours to adjust the pH to about 9.0-9.3. This alternative neutralization procedure with formic acid solution in place of methyl formate produces crude crystalline omeprazole with larger, more uniform crystals. The average particle size of the omeprazole crystals obtained with formic acid neutralization is approximately 280 μm as contrasted to an average particle size of 180 μm obtained with methyl formate neutralization. The larger particle size translates into more efficient centrifugation or filtration leading to significantly enhanced productivity on a production scale. The crude crystallized product obtained from either methyl formate or formic acid neutralization is then filtered, washed with 0.01- 1.0%, preferably 0.1%, ammonia- water, and then methanol. The crude wet omeprazole is then purified by dissolving it in 2:1-0.5-1 (v/v) methanol-water solution containing aqueous base, preferably 50% NaOH or KOH, at 20°C, cooling the basic solution to about 0-5°C, reducing the pH from >11.0 to approximately 10.5 by subsurface addition through a narrowed end diptube (configuration of apparatus same as in crude isolation step) of aqueous acetic acid, preferably 25% aqueous acetic acid, over a 30-minute period, while maintaining the temperature at 0-5°C. At this point the batch is seeded with pure omeprazole (100% by HPLC), and the subsurface addition of 25% aqueous acetic acid is continued over a 2-4 hour period until a pH of about 9.0 is attained. The batch is then aged for 0.5-1.0, preferably 0.5, hours. Following the aging period, the product is filtered, washed with the same methanol-water mixture to displace the mother liquors containing the impurities, and finally with cold methanol. Pure omeprazole is obtained after vacuum drying with a nitrogen purge at 30-50 mm Hg and 30-35°C. The optimal methanol-water ratio in this final purification step is 1:1. Previous methods used a higher methanol to water ratio. Lowering the proportion of methanol in the solvent mixture used in the displacement wash minimizes solubility losses and provides the purification demands, thereby improving the yield of the final product without compromising product quality. Crystalline omeprazole obtained using the improved process of the instant invention has an HPLC purity of 100% with no detectable levels of entrained residual toluene or methylene chloride from the crude step as measured by gas-liquid chromatography, the detection limit being 3 p.p.m. Prior methods have afforded omeprazole containing 30-100 p.p.m. of residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent, namely toluene or methylene chloride. The pure product contains less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol as the crystallization solvent. For the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions in the form of dosage units for oral administration, omeprazole prepared according to the process of the present invention may be mixed with a solid, pulverulent carrier, such as lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, mannitol, starch, amylopectin, cellulose derivatives or gelatin, as well as an antifriction agent such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and polyethyleneglycol waxes. The mixture is then pressed into tablets. If coated tablets are desired, the above-prepared core may be coated with a concentrated solution of sugar, which may contain gum arabic, gelatin, talc, titanium dioxide, or with a lacquer dissolved in volatile organic solvent or mixture of solvents. To this coating various dyes may be added in order to distinguish among tablets with different amounts of active compound present. Soft gelatin capsules may be prepared which contain a mixture of pure omeprazole prepared according to the process of the present invention and vegetable oil. Hard gelatin capsules may contain granules of the active compound in combination with a solid, pulverulent carrier, such as lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, mannitol, potato starch, corn starch, amylopectin, cellulose derivatives, or gelatin. Pharmaceutical tablets for oral use are prepared in the following manner. The solid substances are ground or sieved to a certain particle size, and the binding agent is homogenized and suspended in a suitable solvent. The solid omeprazole prepared according to the process of the present invention and auxiliary agents are mixed with the binding agent solution. The resulting mixture is moistened to form a uniform suspension having the consistency of wet snow. The moistening causes the particles to aggregate slightly, and the resulting mass is pressed through a stainless steel sieve having a mesh size of about 1 millimeter. The layers of the mixture are dried in carefully controlled drying cabinets for approximately ten hours to obtain the desired particle size and consistency. The granules of the dried mixture are sieved to remove any powder. To this mixture, disintegrating, antifriction, and antiadhesive agents are added. Finally, the mixture is pressed into tablets using a machine with the appropriate punches and dies to obtain the desired tablet size. The pressure applied affects the size of the tablet, its strength and ability to dissolve in water. The compression pressure used should be in the range of 0.5 to 5 tons. The tablets, especially those which are rough or bitter, may be coated with a layer of sugar or some other palatable substance. They are then packaged by machines having electronic counting devices. The following examples illustrate the process of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention set forth in the claims appended thereto. EXAMPLE 1 HPLC Assay of MCPBA Charging Solution Step A. HPLC Operating Parameters High-performance liquid chromatography was performed using a Waters μBondapak C-18 column (4.6 x 300 mm, 10 μm particle size) with the following additional parameters: Mobile phase: A = acetonitrile; B = 0.1% H3PO4 Mode: isocratic 25%A/75%B at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min Injection size: 10 μL Detector wavelength: 254 nm Run time: 32 min. Method of quantitation: Area by electronic integration Approximate retention times: 3-methylisoquinoline: 3.5 mins. 3-methylisoquinoline N-oxide: 5.7 mins. MCPBA: 11.4 mins. Toluene: 25.1 mins. Step B. Reagents Acetonitrile (MeCN): HPLC Grade Water: HPLC Grade Phosphoric Acid: HPLC Grade 3-Methylisoquinoline: 98% Sample Diluent: 50/50 (MeCN/0.1% H3PO4) Step C. Preparation of 3-Methylisoquinoline Standard 20 ± 5 mg of 3-methylisoquinoline (98%) was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask and dissolved in 1.0 mL of MeCN. 1.0 mL of MCPBA after warming to room temperature was carefully pipetted into the flask, and the sides of the flask were washed with 1.0 mL of MeCN. The flask was then wrapped with parafilm and sonicated for 5 minutes. After cooling, the sides of the flask were washed with 1.0 mL of MeCN and the flask sonicated for an additional minute. The mixture was carefully diluted to the mark with acetonitrile. 1.0 mL of this solution was transferred by pipet to a 25-mL volumetric flask and diluted to the mark with the sample diluent from Step B. Step D. Procedures The HPLC system was equilibrated for at least 10 minutes at the mobile phase condition given in Step A. The standard preparation from Step C was injected twice, and the average area response for the 3- methylisoquinoline peaks should agree within ± 1% of their average. The sample preparation was injected once. Step E. Calculations The concentration (mg/mL) of the MCPBA solution was calculated using the following equation: mg/mL of MCPBA solution - (A/As) x Cs x where: A = area response of the 3-methylisoquinoline for the Sample Solution B = weight (mg) of the 3-methylisoquinoline in the Sample Preparation As = average area response of the 3-methylisoquinoline for the Standard Solution Cs = concentration of the 3-methylisoquinoline Standard Preparation 172.57 = formula weight for 3-methylisoquinoline 143.19 = formula weight for MCPBA As an illustration of the assay, an MCPBA sample from Spectrum (Lot# LF0102, 72.7% MCPBA) was assayed, and a value of 72.8% (wt.%) for MCPBA was obtained. EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of Omeprazole with Methylene Chloride as Solvent A solution of potassium bicarbonate (14.0 g, 0.140 mol, 1.2 equivalents) in deionized water (115 mL) was added to a solution of pyrmetazole (0.114 mol) in methylene chloride (170 mL) in a one-liter, three-necked round-bottom flask, and the mixture was cooled to 0°C. A solution of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) (28 g, 0.114 mol, 1.0 equivalent) in methylene chloride (51 mL) and ethanol (13.3 mL) was prepared and assayed by the 3-methylisoquinoline/HPLC procedure described in Example 1 to ensure that exactly one molar equivalent of MCPBA is used. The solution is then cooled between 0-5°C and added, subsurfacely directed at the tip of the impeller, to the rapidly agitated solution of pyrmetazole over a 2-hour period. The oxidation conversion was 99.8% with no over-oxidation to sulfone or N-oxides, as determined by HPLC analysis. Cold deionized water (115 mL, 5°C) and 50% NaOH (15 mL) were then added to the reaction mixture. The solution was allowed to stand at 0-5°C for thirty minutes and the phases separated. The methylene chloride layer was discarded and the aqueous layer concentrated under vacuum (50 mm Hg) for 2 hours at 15°C to remove the bulk of the residual methylene chloride. The ethanol level was then re-adjusted to 15% v/v. At this point the residual methylene chloride level was less than 200 p.p.m., as determined by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. The crude product was then isolated by reactive crystallization by subsurface addition of methyl formate. Approximately 40% of the methyl formate charge (approximately 6 mL) was added during the first thirty minutes to adjust the pH from about 13.5 to 10.8. The mixture was allowed to stand for about twenty minutes to allow the internal temperature to cool back down to approximately 20°C. The mixture was seeded with pure omeprazole (0.5 g), and the remainder of the methyl formate (approximately 9 mL) was added subsurfacely over a 7-hour period to a pH of 9.0. The crude product was filtered, washed with 0.1% ammonia-water (50 mL) followed by methanol (40 mL). The crude product was dissolved in 1:1 methanol-water (270 mL) and 50% NaOH (4 mL) in a 500-mL, three-necked, round-bottomed flask at 20°C. The solution was then cooled to 0-5°C and the pH adjusted from >11.0 to approximately 10.5 by subsurface addition of 25% acetic acid over a 30-minute period, maintaining the temperature at 5°C. The batch was seeded with pure omeprazole (0.5 g), and the subsurface addition of 25% acetic acid was continued over a 4-hour period until pH 9.0 was achieved. After thirty minutes, the resulting solid was filtered, washed with 1:1 methanol-water (30 mL), and finally with cold (5°C) methanol (30 mL). Pure omeprazole (100% as determined by HPLC analysis) was obtained after vacuum drying (50 mm Hg, 30-35°C). The overall yield was 92.7%. The residual methanol level was 10 ppm, as determined by gas-liquid chromatography, with no detectable levels of methylene chloride (detection limit of 3 p.p.m.). EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Omeprazole with Toluene as Solvent A solution of potassium bicarbonate (14.0 g, 0.140 mol, 1.2 equivalents) in deionized water (115 mL) was added to a solution of pyrmetazole (0.114 mol) in toluene (310 mL) in a one-liter, three-necked round-bottom flask, and the mixture was cooled to 0°C. Following the bicarbonate addition, a solution of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (0.114 mol, 1 equivalent) in toluene (53 mL) and ethanol (20 mL) was assayed and charged to the pyrmetazole solution as in Example 2. The oxidation conversion was 99.8% with no over-oxidation to sulfone or N-oxides. Cold deionized water (145 mL, 5°C) and 50% NaOH (12 mL) were then added to the reaction mixture. The solution was allowed to stand at 0- 5°C for thirty minutes and the phases separated. The toluene layer was discarded and the aqueous layer concentrated under vacuum (50 mm Hg) for 2 hours at 15°C to remove the bulk of the residual toluene. The ethanol level was then adjusted to 15% v/v. At this point the residual toluene level was less than 400 p.p.m., as determined by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. The crude product was then isolated by reactive crystallization by subsurface addition of methyl formate as in Example 2. It was filtered, washed with 0.1% ammonia- water (50 mL) followed by methanol (40 mL). The wet crude product was then processed to pure omeprazole as in Example 2. The overall yield was 93.8% with an HPLC purity of 100%. The residual methanol level was 10 ppm, as determined by gas-liquid chromatography, with no detectable levels of toluene (detection limit 3 p.p.m). EXAMPLE 4 Isolation of Crude Omeprazole bv Reactive Crystallization with Formic Acid The aqueous basic solution of omeprazole was prepared exactly as in Example 3 to the point of crystallization of the crude product. A solution of formic acid, methanol, and water in the ratio of 20:20:60 was then added to the aqueous solution of crude product in a subsurface manner at ambient temperature to effect crystallization. Approximately 40% of the formic acid solution was added over the first 30 minutes to adjust the pH from about 13.5. The batch was then seeded with pure omeprazole (0.5 g), and the remainder of the formic acid solution was added subsurfacely over a seven-hour period to a pH of 9.0. The crude product was then filtered, washed with 0.1% ammonia- water (50 mL at 20°C) followed by methanol (40 mL at 5°C) and vacuum dried (50 mm Hg, 30-35°C). The yield of the crude step was 95.4% with a purity by HPLC of 99.9% and a median particle size of 285 μm. EXAMPLE 5 A pharmaceutical composition containing omeprazole prepared according to the process of the present invention as the active ingredient is illustrated in the following formulation. Capsules containing 30 mg of omeprazole of the present invention were prepared from the following ingredients: Compound of Example 2 or 3 300 grams Lactose 700 grams Microcrystalline cellulose 40 grams Hydroxypropyl cellulose, low-substituted 62 grams Disodium hydrogenphosphate 2 grams Purified water q.s. The omeprazole of Example 2 or 3 was mixed with the dry ingredients and granulated with a solution of disodium hydrogenphosphate. The wet mass was forced through an extruder and sphreronized and dried in a fluidized bed dryer. 500 Grams of the pellets were coated with a solution of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (30 grams) in water (750 mL) using a fluidized bed coater. After drying, the pellets were coated with a second coating as follows: Coating solution: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 70 grams Cetyl alcohol 4 grams Acetone 200 grams Ethanol 600 grams The final coated pellets were filled into capsules.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: A process for the preparation of omeprazole, having the formula I, I which comprises treating, at about -5 to +5°C, a buffered solution of pyrmetazole, having the formula II, in a non-alcoholic organic π reaction solvent, with an equivalent amount of an oxidizing agent relative to the number of moles of said pyrmetazole, the oxidizing agent dissolved in the non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent in admixture with an alcoholic solvent at about 0-5°C followed by aging in the presence of an aqueous base. The process according to Claim 1 which further comprises: (a) separating the aqueous phase of the aged reaction mixture from the organic phase; and Ob) removing residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent from said aqueous phase followed by re-adjusting the alcoholic solvent concentration to about 15% v/v. 3. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the alcoholic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and 1- butanol. 4. The process according to Claim 3 wherein the alcoholic solvent is ethanol. 5. The process according to Claim 2 which further comprises: (a) crystallizing crude product from said aqueous phase and (b) isolating crude product by filtration and washing with ammonia- water and methanol. 6. The process according to Claim 5 wherein said crystallizing of crude product is carried out by subsurface adddition of a Cl-3 alkyl formate to adjust the pH from about 13.5 to about 10.6-10.8, aging for about 10-20 minutes, allowing the temperature to reach about 20°C, seeding, and adding remainder of said alkyl formate over 6-8 hours to adjust the pH to about 9.0-9.3. 7. The process according to Claim 5 wherein said crystallizing of crude product is carried out by subsurface addition of a solution of about 20% (v/v) formic acid in aqueous methanol or ethanol to adjust the pH from about 13.5 to about 10.6-10.8, seeding, and adding remainder of said formic acid solution over 6-8 hours to adjust the pH to about 9.0-9.3. 8. The process according to Claim 5 which further comprises: (a) recrystallizing crude product in methanol-water containing aqueous sodium hydroxide by cooling to about 0-5°C, adjusting the pH to about 10.5 by subsurface addition of 25% aqueous acetic add, seeding, adding 25% aqueous acetic add to a pH of about 9.0, and aging for about 0.5 hours; and (b) isolating pure product by filtration, washing with methanol-water and cold methanol, and vacuum drying. 9. The process according to Claim 2 wherein residual non-alcoholic organic reaction solvent is removed from the aqueous phase by vacuum distillation at about 25-70 mm Hg and about 15-35°C for about 1-4 hours. 10. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from peroxybenzoic acid, meta- chloroperoxybenzoic acid, magnesium monoperoxyphthalate, and peracetic acid. 11. The process according to Claim 10 wherein the oxidizing agent is meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. 12. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the nonalcoholic organic reaction solvent is selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent. 13. The process according to Claim 12 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 14. The process according to Claim 12 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is selected from methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform. 15. The process according to Claim 14 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 16. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the aging is allowed to proceed at about 0-5°C for about 0.5-1.0 hours. 17. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the buffer comprises aqueous sodium bicarbonate or aqueous potassium bicarbonate. 18. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the aqueous base comprises aqueous sodium hydroxide or aqueous potasium hydroxide. 19. The process according to Claim 6 wherein the C^.3 alkyl formate is methyl formate. 20. The process according to Claim 8 wherein the volume ratio of methanol to water in Steps (a) and (b) is 2:1 to 0.5-1. 21. The process according to Claim 20 wherein the volume ratio of methanol to water is 1:1. 22. The process according to Claim 9 wherein the vacuum distillation is performed at a pressure of about 50 mm Hg and a temperature of about 15-25°C. 23. The process according to Claim 5 wherein the concentration of ammonia-water in Step (b) is 0.01-1.0%(v/v). 24. The process according to Claim 23 wherein the concentration of ammonia-water is 0.1%(v/v). 25. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the molar amount of oxidizing agent to be added to said pyrmetazole solution is calculated by means of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay which quantifies the extent of oxidation of an excess of 3- methylisoquinoline to 3-methylisoquinoline-N-oxide. 26. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is added subsurfacely such that the solution enters the reaction mixture at the tip of the agitator blades. 27. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) obtained by the process of Claim 8 containing less than 100 parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. 28. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) obtained by the process of Claim 8 containing less than 100 parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent. 29. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 27 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 30. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 28 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 31. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) containing less than three parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol. 32. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) containing less than three parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol. 33. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 31 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 34. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 32 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 35. A composition comprising 5-methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy- 3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole. 36. A composition comprising 5-methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy- 3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole. 37. The composition according to Claim 35 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 38. The composition according to Claim 36 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 39. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 5- methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH- benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 40. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 5- methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH- benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and less than 20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 41. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 39 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 42. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 17 January 2000 (17.01.00); original claims 31-42 amended; remaining claims unchanged (3 pages)] 25. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the molar amount of oxidizing agent to be added to said pyrmetazole solution is calculated by means of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay which quantifies the extent of oxidation of an excess of 3- methylisoquinoline to 3-methylisoquinoline-N-oxide. 26. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is added subsurfacely such that the solution enters the reaction mixture at the tip of the agitator blades. 27. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]su_finylj-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) obtained by the process of Claim 8 containing less than 100 parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. 28. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) obtained by the process of Claim 8 containing less than 100 parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent. 29. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyτidinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 27 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 30. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl_sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 28 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 31. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) containing less than three parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol. 32. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfmyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) containing less than three parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol. 33. 5-Methoxy-2-_[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfϊnyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 31 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 34. 5-Methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)methyl]sulfϊnyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) according to Claim 32 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 35. A composition comprising 5-methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy- 3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfmyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole. 36. A composition comprising 5-methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy- 3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH-benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole. 37. The composition according to Claim 35 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 38. The composition according to Claim 36 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. 39. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 5- methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH- benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 40. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 5- methoxy-2-[[4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-lH- benzimidazole (omeprazole) having less than three parts per million of residual chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol relative to omeprazole, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 41. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 39 wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene. 42. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 40 wherein the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is methylene chloride. Statement under Article 19(1) Claims 31-42 of the international application have been amended to recite the omeprazole product or omeprazole composition to contain 10-20 p.p.m. of residual methanol. The amendment is fully supported by Applicants' description The present amendment has no impact on the description and the drawings of the international application.

Inventors: ANOUSIS NICK, BANKS BENJAMIN NEWTON, LIU HUI, MCMANUS JAMES W, ZHOU LINGWEN, ANOUSIS, NICK, BANKS, BENJAMIN, NEWTON, LIU, HUI, MCMANUS, JAMES, W., ZHOU, LINGWEN
Applicants: ANOUSIS NICK, BANKS BENJAMIN NEWTON, LIU HUI, MCMANUS JAMES W, MERCK & CO INC, ZHOU LINGWEN, ANOUSIS, NICK, BANKS, BENJAMIN, NEWTON, LIU, HUI, MCMANUS, JAMES, W., MERCK & CO., INC., ZHOU, LINGWEN
Application year: 1999
Main classification: C07D401
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P1, C07D401