Method of manufacturing a plastic card with a lenticular lens therein and card made by the method

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a plastic card comprises the steps of providing a sheet of lenticular lens material; coating the back side of the lens material with a vinyl resin base; printing the back side of the lens material with a composite lithographic image; coating the back side of the lens material with an adhesive such that it can adhere to a sheet of plastic which serves as the back of the plastic card; and laminating the sheets together.

Description: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a plastic card, such as a credit, charge or debit card, having a lenticular lens therein to view multi-dimensional, lithographic images. Using this process, a plastic card can have artistic, visual images creating the illusions of depth and moving effects imprinted therein. Moreover, this process results in a plastic card which meets financial industry standards for security, reliability and durability. By way of background, there are many different types and styles of credit, charge, debit and other financial cards made out of plastic. Typically, a plastic card, such as a credit card, has one or two central layers of white or colored plastic. A clear plastic film is then laminated to the front and rear surfaces of this central plastic layer. Additionally, there are known processes of producing multi-dimensional, lithographic images which impart the illusions of depth and/or motion to a viewer. Typically, lithographic images are created by using a series of individual still pictures created from photographs or other artistic works which are segmented and then merged together in a desired sequence to form a composite picture or image. There are also known methods of segmenting and merging the individual pictures using a computer to convert the original artwork into electronic data, and to order and interface frames into sequence to form a composite image. It is further known that the composite image can be outputted to an imaging device which prints the image onto film and that the resulting film can be used to produce multiple prints of the composite image by transfer to a suitable substrate, such as paper stock. There are also various known processes of adhering to the paper stock lenticular lens material consisting of an array of identical spherically curved surfaces embossed on the front surface of a plastic sheet. The lenticular lens material refracts light from each image in sequence as the viewer's angle of perception changes. The result is the perception of motion from a series of still images. However, it has not been previously known how to manufacture a traditional plastic card, such as used for a credit card, which has a multidimensional, lithographic image viewed through lenticular lens material imprinted therein. The various materials could not be successfully adhered and/or laminated in a manner so that the resulting plastic card was durable enough to withstand typical wear and use for a prolonged period of time. US-A-3 758 970 discloses a method of manufacturing a photograph-bearing identification card. The card comprises a base panel, a core panel and an overlay, which are assembled such that the core panel is sandwiched between the base and overlay panels. All three portions of the card may be made of conventional PVC, with the base and core panels being opaque whilst the overlay is transparent. Printing may be provided on the front surface of the core panel. In addition, printing may be provided on the back side of the transparent overlay. In one embodiment the core panel is provided with a photograph. In another a photographic print is imprinted directly on the core material. Once the core panel has been placed on the base panel and the overlay panel positioned over the core panel, the three plastic panels are placed in a laminating press and subjected to a pressure of the order of 13.8 MPa (2000 PSI) and a temperature in the range of approximately 121-135°C (250-275°F) for between 5 to 8 minutes, to adhere the three loads together to provide a sealed identification card. A further process, such as embossing, may be performed on the completed card. DE-U-396 21 588 discloses a method of manufacturing a card comprising at least two plastic sheets, the uppermost one having a lenticular upper surface. The underside of the uppermost sheet is printed to provide a printed region before the uppermost sheet is pressed, heat-sealed or welded, around its edge, to the immediately underlying sheet. In a second embodiment a third sheet is provided, bonded to the underside of the middle sheet. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a plastic card, comprising the steps of a. providing a sheet of lenticular lens material having a front side and a back side, the front side having an array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces embossed thereon, the back side being flat; b. coating the back side of the sheet of lenticular lens material with a vinyl resin base; c. printing over the vinyl resin base on the back side of the sheet of lenticular lens material with a filmed image; d. coating the back side of the sheet of lenticular lens material with an adhesive after the printing; e. providing a sheet of plastic having a front surface and a rear surface; f. printing the rear surface of the sheet of plastic; g. providing a sheet of clear PVC overlay film; h. laminating magnetic material onto the sheet of clear PVC overlay film; i. assembling and collating the sheet of lenticular lens material, the sheet of plastic and the sheet of clear PVC overlay film with laminated magnetic material so that the sheet of lenticular lens material is oriented on the top of the three sheets and the sheet of plastic is oriented in the middle of the three sheets; and j. using a platen press laminator to laminate the assembled, collated sheets of lenticular lens material, plastic and clear PVC overlay film laminated with magnetic material. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic card with lenticular lens of the present invention, showing the layers of materials used in manufacturing the card; and FIG. 2 is a flow diagram depicting the steps performed in the method of manufacturing the card of FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to corresponding elements. As shown in FIG. 1, a cross-section of the plastic card with a lenticular lens of the present invention is illustrated. Card 10 of the present invention includes an upper layer of lenticular lens material 12 preferably formed of clear PVC plastic, but other plastic material, such as PET plastic, may be used. The clear plastic material has an array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces embossed on a front side 13 and is flat on a back side 14. The array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces are formed by using an engraved cylindrical roller that has been radially-grooved, such that when a sheet of flat clear plastic lens material is fed through the roller, it produces the array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces on the front side of the clear plastic lens material. This array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces are the "lenses". There are 100 lenses per lineal 2.54 cm (inch) in the clear plastic material. The lenticular lens material layer 12 is approximately 0.356 mm (.014") thick. On the back side 14 of the lenticular lens material 12, there is a vinyl resin coating 15, an ink layer 16, an adhesive layer 17, a layer of core stock 18 comprised of white PVC plastic approximately 0.343 mm (.0135") thick for use for a back side of the plastic card 10, another layer of ink 19 and a layer of clear PVC overlay film (or "laminating" film) 20 approximately 0.05 mm (.002") thick. As shown in FIG. 2, the process of manufacturing the plastic card 10 includes starting with a sheet of clear PVC plastic lenticular lens material approximately 0.356 mm (.014") in thickness and approximately 57.8 cm (22¾") wide by 7.5 cm (27¾") long with the array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces or lenses on the front side 13. (It should be noted that sheets of any other width and length may also be used.) The process then proceeds with step 210 wherein a vinyl resin coating 15 is applied to the back side 14 of the lenticular lens material 12 using a Sakarai Cylinder Press. The application of coating 15 is performed through a process similar to silk screening. It should be noted that other machines comparable to the Sakarai Cylinder Press may also be used for this step. Step 220 comprises printing the back side 14 of the lens material 12 with a reverse image of a composite lithographic image previously saved on film. The printing is preferably done in stochastic printing format performed on offset lithography using a Heidelberg Four-Color Press or other comparable machine, but it could be performed by any other applicable printing process such as letterpress or rotogravure printing. The ink 16 which is used to print the image is comprised of ultraviolet (UV) curable ink specially formulated for use on plastic. In step 220, it is critical that there is the proper registration or alignment of the image to be printed on the back side 14 with the array of part-cylindrical curved lenses on the front side 13 of the lenticular lens material 12 in order to achieve the desired visual presentation of depth and/or motion of the image. After the printing step 220 has occurred, steps 230, 240 and 250 can be done concurrently. Step 230 comprises taking a sheet of white PVC plastic core stock material 18 approximately 0.343 mm (.0135") in thickness and 57.8 cm (22¾") wide by 70.5 cm (27¾") long and having surface a front 18A and a rear surface 18B. (Again, the width and length of sheet 18 may be varied.) This core stock material 18 is used for the back side of card 10. The rear surface 18B is printed with the text which is to appear on the back of card 10 preferably by an offset lithography process using a Heidelberg Two or Four-Color Press or other comparable machine. Again, this printing can also be done by other applicable printing processes. The ink 19 used for printing the text on rear surface 18B is comprised of UV curable ink specially formulated for use on plastic. Step 240 comprises coating the back side 14 of the lenticular lens material 12 with a vinyl acetate co-polymer adhesive material 17. The application of adhesive material 17 is performed using a silk-screening process with a Sakarai Cylinder Press or other comparable machine. Step 250 comprises providing a sheet of clear PVC overlay film 20 approximately 0.051 mm (.002") in thickness to which magnetic, ferrous oxide material is thermally laminated using a Louda TL-700 Tapelayer or other comparable machine. The resultant material is similar to audio or video recording tape. Following steps 230, 240 and 250, in step 260, the sheet of lenticular lens material 12 with adhesive 17, the sheet of core stock material 18 and the sheet of clear PVC overlay film 20 laminated with magnetic, ferrous oxide material are assembled and collated. This assembly step 260 includes ensuring the proper orientation of the sheets resulting from steps 230, 240 and 250. The sheet of lenticular lens material 12 is to be oriented on the top of the three sheets and the sheet of core stock material 18 is to be oriented in the middle of the three sheets. The sheets 12 and 18 are manually placed onto a machine feed table. The machine feed table includes pneumatically-activated clamps to grip the sides of the sheets and convey them into a Louda GM-400 collator machine or other comparable machine. The edges of the sheets of printed lenticular lens material 12 and printed core stock material 18 are mechanically aligned with the edges of the sheet of clear PVC overlay film 20 which is fed continuously through the machine. Once sheets 12 and 18 are mechanically aligned with the sheet of clear PVC overlay film 20, there are four clamps which clamp together the four corners of the three sheets and with the application of heat, each clamp will tack weld the three sheets together with areas of weld of approximately 38.7 mm 2 (.06 square inches) each. The three sheets, being held together by the tack welds of the four comers, are transported through and out of the machine. These assembled sheets are all laminated together in step 270 using a vertical, steam heated, multi-plated laminator to press the components together. The lamination is performed at a temperature of approximately 143°C (290°F) and applying a pressure of approximately 1-379 MPa (200 pounds per square inch (PSI)) for approximately 25-30 minutes. The combination of the elevated temperature and pressure applied in the lamination step 270 causes the materials in the layers of the sheets to soften and the adhesives between the layers to activate. At the end of the 25-30 minute heat cycle, cold water is introduced to the platens of the press while the pressure is maintained causing the laminated, assembled sheets to solidify and cool to room temperature. Following step 270, in step 280, a special clear coating is applied to a designated area where a hologram is to be stamped on the front surface 13 of lenticular lens material 12 by a silk screen process using a Sakarai Cylinder Press or other comparable machine or, alternatively, by using a hot stamping process or other comparable process. The special clear coating consists of a vinyl resin and serves to flatten the designated area so that a hologram can later be applied thereto. In step 290, the coated laminated, assembled sheet resulting from step 280 is die cut into a plurality of individual cards 10 using a Louda DC 506 die cut machine or other comparable machine. This machine uses a multi-cavity, progressive shearing action, punch and die set. Each laminated, assembled sheet once die cut should produce about 72 individual cards 10. After the completion of step 290, step 300 is performed wherein a hologram is stamped onto the designated area on the front of each card 10 utilizing a Franklin-Louda 190 hot stamp machine or other comparable machine. These hot stamp machines utilize a heated die at a temperature of 171°C (340°F) and pressure to thermally affix foil material for a hologram onto the plastic card 10. The hologram serves as a security feature protecting against counterfeit cards. Next, step 310 is performed wherein a signature panel is hot-stamped onto the rear of card 10. The card 10 is considered complete at this point and is ready for shipment to a card processor for encoding with unique user information and embossing. When the card 10 is completely fabricated, a user of the card 10 viewing the composite lithographic image imprinted in the card through the top surface of the lenticular lens material 12 and, depending upon the image imprinted, can perceive the illusion that the image is moving if the card 10 is rotated slightly and/or can perceive that the image has the appearance of being three-dimensional. The plastic card with lenticular lens of this invention when manufactured using the method described herein will conform to the standards of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) applicable to plastic financial cards. Moreover, use of the method for manufacturing the plastic card of the present invention will result in a card having a high level of durability, security and reliability while allowing the user to view pleasing lithographic images contained therein. And, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the method of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: A method of manufacturing a plastic card (10), comprising the steps of: a. providing a sheet of lenticular lens material (12) having a front side (13) and a back side (14), the front side having an array of identical part-cylindrical curved surfaces embossed thereon, the back side being flat; b. coating the back side (14) of the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) with a vinyl resin base (15); c. printing over the vinyl resin base (15) on the back side (14) of the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) with a filmed image (16); d. coating the back side (14) of the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) with an adhesive (17) after the printing; e. providing a sheet of plastic (18) having a front surface (18A) and a rear surface (18B); f. printing the rear surface (18B) of the sheet of plastic; g. providing a sheet of clear PVC overlay film (20); h. laminating magnetic material onto the sheet of clear PVC overlay film (20); i. assembling and collating the sheet of lenticular lens material (12), the sheet of plastic (18) and the sheet of clear PVC overlay film (20) with laminated magnetic material so that the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) is oriented on the top of the three sheets (12, 18, 20) and the sheet of plastic (18) is oriented in the middle of the three sheets; and j. using a platen press laminator to laminate the assembled, collated sheets of lenticular lens material (12), plastic (18) and clear PVC overlay film (20) laminated with magnetic material. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further includes the step of applying a clear coating to the laminated, assembled sheets (12, 18, 20) in a designated area where a hologram is to be stamped following the step of laminating the assembled, collated sheets of lenticular material, plastic and clear PVC overlay film laminated with magnetic material. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in either of claims 1 and 2, wherein the method further includes the step of cutting a plurality of cards (10) from the laminated, assembled sheets (12, 18, 20), each of said plurality of cards (10) having a front side and a back side. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in claim 3 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the method further includes the step of stamping the hologram onto the designated area on the front side of each of the plurality of cards (10). The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the method further includes the step of stamping signature panels onto the back side of each of the plurality of cards (10). The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) is comprised of PVC plastic approximately 0.365mm (.014") thick. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step of printing over the vinyl resin base (15) on the back side of the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) is done in stochastic printing format performed on offset lithography. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step of printing the rear surface (18B) of the sheet of plastic (18) is done using an offset lithography process. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the sheet of plastic (18) is comprised of white PVC core stock material approximately 0.343mm (.0135") thick. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the adhesive (17) for the back side (14) of the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) is comprised of a vinyl acetate co-polymer. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the step of laminating the assembled, collated sheets (12, 18, 20) of lenticular lens material, plastic and clear PVC overlay film with laminated magnetic material is performed at a temperature of approximately 143 °C (290°F), applying a pressure of approximately 1.379 MPa (200 PSI) to the sheets for approximately 25 to 30 minutes. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the step of coating the back side (14) of the sheet of lenticular lens material (12) is done using a silk-screening process. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 2 and 3 to 12 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the step of applying a clear coating to the laminated, assembled sheets (12, 18, 20) in a designated area where a hologram is to be stamped is done using a silk-screening process. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 3 and 4 to 13 when dependent on claim 3, wherein the step of cutting a plurality of cards (10) from the laminated, assembled sheets (12, 18, 20) is done using a die cut machine. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the step of printing over the vinyl resin base (15) on the back side of lenticular lens material (12) uses a UV curable ink (16) specially formulated for use on plastic. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the step of printing the rear surface (18B) of the sheet of plastic (18) uses a UV curable ink (19) specially formulated for use on plastic. The method of manufacturing a plastic card as claimed in any one of claims 2 and 3 to 16 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the clear coating applied to the laminated, assembled sheets (12, 18, 20) in a designated area where a hologram is to be stamped is a vinyl resin. A plastic card made by the method of any one of claims 1 to 17. Use of a plastic card as claimed in claim 18 in a financial transaction.

Inventors: GREEN SUSAN, MCGONIGLE GEORGE, PFINGST DALE MITCHELL, WANG JACHIN, GREEN, SUSAN, MCGONIGLE, GEORGE, PFINGST, DALE MITCHELL, WANG, JACHIN
Applicants: MBNA AMERICA BANK N A, MBNA AMERICA BANK, N.A.
Application year: 1999
Main classification: B42D15
IPC codes: B42D15