Electronic equipment power charging system

Abstract: Electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator which can generate electricity without an ambient temperature difference is disclosed. The present invention provides an electronic equipment power charging system comprising a charger having temperature difference producing means (101) using external energy and electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator placed adjacent to or in contact with this charger, such system being capable of generating power irrespective of the ambient environment by imparting a temperature difference to the electronic equipment(102) having an electrothermal power generator.

Description: This invention relates to an electronic equipment power charging system for generating and charging power of electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator and power charging means by producing a temperature difference using external energy. DE 3807633A describes a battery incorporating a thermocouple having a relatively high temperature region and a relatively low temperature region, thereby to generate electrical energy and act as a current generator. Electrical energy generated by the thermocouple is also fed to a Peltier-effect device whose heat output can be used to increase the temperature of the relatively high temperature region and also to reduce that of the relatively low temperature region. An electrothermal power generator for generating power using a temperature difference and an electrothermal power generation watch are well known from Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 57-189584 and Sho 55-20483. These electrothermal power generator and electrothermal power generation watch generate power using sites or environments in which a temperature difference already exists, to thereby acquire electric energy and thus operate. An electronic watch having an electrothermal power generator or an electrothermal element (hereinafter referred to as an electrothermal watch) does not generate power if there is no temperature difference across the heat converting element. For example, such electrothermal watch has been structured to generate power using a temperature difference between a users arm and the atmosphere; however, the watch does not generate power if the users body temperature is identical to the temperature of the atmosphere. When an electrothermal power generator is used in an environment in which a temperature difference is not present or is very low, power generation using the electrothermal power generator stops or is reduced. Thus, electric energy charged in an accumulator is consumed, and there is a possibility of a circuit connected to the accumulator stopping operation or failing to restart its operation. When an electrothermal watch is removed from the user's arm, there is a possibility of it failing to generate electrothermal power, and also there is a possibility of exhausting the electric energy of the accumulator. Thus, it is required to charge the accumulator to restart the electrothermal watch in which all the accumulator electric energy has been consumed. However, there is the problem that a temperature difference is required for generating power and such electrothermal power generator and electrothermal watch fail to start or operate in an environment where the temperature difference is not present. To solve the foregoing problem, the present invention provides an electronic equipment power charging system comprising: an electrothermal power generator for generating electrical power using a temperature difference, the electrothermal power generator having a low-temperature heat electrode and a high-temperature heat electrode; an electronic equipment having power accumulating means for accumulating electrical power generated by the electrothermal power generator; and characterised by temperature difference producing means for converting external electrical energy to heat and producing the temperature difference used by the electrothermal power generator, the temperature difference producing means having at least one of high-temperature heat source means for heating the high-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator at a temperature higher than that of the low-temperature heat electrode and low-temperature heat source means for heating the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator at a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature heat electrode, the high-temperature heat source means having electric heat converting means for converting electrical energy to heat, and the low-temperature heat source means having heat radiating means for radiating heat from the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator to the exterior of the electronic equipment power charging system. The power charging system generates power by imparting a temperature difference to an electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator placed in the power charging system. For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to a detailed description to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a structural view showing a first embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a structural view showing a second embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention; Fig. 4 is a structural view of a third embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of an electronic watch illustrating an embodiment of electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention; Fig. 6 is a structural view showing a fourth embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention; Fig. 7 is a structural view showing a fifth embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is a sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention; Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a seventh embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention; Fig. 10 is a sectional view showing an eighth embodiment in an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention; Fig. 11 is a sectional view exemplifying an electrothermal semiconductor element employed in embodiments according to the present invention; and Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a ninth embodiment in an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. The present invention will now be described below with reference to the drawings. As an example of an electrothermal power generator employed in embodiments according to the present invention, there is provided an electrothermal power generator whose power is generated by imparting a temperature difference using the principle of the Seebech effect. In the present invention, even if there is provided an electrothermal power generator other than a generator whose power is generated by imparting a temperature difference using the principle of the Seebech effect, there is obtained advantageous effects when such electrothermal power generator has means for generating power by imparting a temperature difference. As an example of electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator employed in embodiments according to the present invention, there is employed an electronic watch having an electrothermal power generator. Hereinafter, an electronic watch having an electrothermal power generator is referred to as an electrothermal watch. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of an electronic watch having an electrothermal power generator to be employed in embodiments according to the present invention. The electrothermal watch comprises a watch movement 501 including power accumulating means for accumulating electricity generated by the electrothermal power generator, a wind proof glass 502, an electrothermal power generator 505, a case 503 connected to a low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator 505, a bottom cap 507 connected to a high-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator 505, and a heat insulating material 504 that is a part of a component separating the case 503 and the bottom cap 507. When an electrothermal watch is worn on a user's arm, heat is radiated by the case 503 at the same time when the bottom cap 507 is warmed by the user's body temperature. This produces a temperature difference between the bottom cap 507 and the case 503. The electrothermal power generator 505 acquires a temperature difference by obtaining heat from the user's arm via the bottom cap 507 and at the same time by obtaining atmospheric heat from the case 503 and thus generates power. The electricity thus generated is used for driving the watch or is accumulated by accumulating means. Fig. 1 is a structural view showing a first embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention. The power charging system comprises an electronic equipment 102 having an electrothermal power generator and a power charging portion having temperature difference producing means 101 that is placed adjacent to the electronic equipment 102 and that produces a temperature difference using external electric energy. The temperature difference producing means 101 produces a temperature difference by converting energy from outside of the power charger to heat. The electronic equipment 102 is electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator. A first output 103 of the temperature difference producing means 101 imparts heat of a temperature higher than that of a low-temperature heat electrode to a high-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator incorporated in the electronic equipment. A second output 104 of the temperature difference producing means 101 imparts heat of a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature heat electrode to the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator incorporated in the electronic equipment. The electrothermal power generator incorporated in the electronic equipment generates power from the temperature difference obtained by the first output 103 of the temperature difference producing means 101 and the second output 104 of the temperature difference producing means 101. Fig. 2 is a structural view showing a second embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention. The power charging system comprises high-temperature heat source means 201, high-temperature heat source temperature measuring means 202 , low-temperature heat source means 203, low-temperature heat source temperature measuring means 204, temperature controlling means 205, and temperature indicating means 206. The high-temperature heat source means 201 imparts heat of a temperature higher than that of the low-temperature heat electrode to the high-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator. The low-temperature heat source means 203 imparts the heat of a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature heat electrode to the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator. The electrothermal power generator acquires a temperature difference from the high-temperature heat source means 201 and the low-temperature heat source means 203 and thus generates power. The high-temperature heat source temperature measuring means 202 measures the temperature of the high-temperature heat source means 201 and outputs the measured temperature data to the temperature controlling means 205. The low-temperature heat source temperature measuring means 204 measures the temperature of the low-temperature heat source means 203 and outputs the measured temperature data to the temperature controlling means 205. The temperature indicating means 206 outputs to the temperature controlling means 205 temperature data required for the electrothermal power generator to generate power or charge the generated power. The temperature controlling means 205 controls temperatures of either one or both of the high-temperature heat source means 201 and the low-temperature heat source means 203 such that the temperatures of the high-temperature heat source means 201 and the low-temperature heat source means 203 achieve a temperature indicated by the temperature indicating means 206. As a result, since a temperature difference is produced between the high-temperature heat electrode and the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator, the electronic equipment having the electrothermal power generator generates power. Here, if there is a temperature difference, power may be generated; however, if the absolute temperature rises, electric leakage of the electronic equipment increases; therefore, there is a possibility that the power consumed exceeds the power generated. Therefore, the temperature indicating means 206 further indicates that the power consumed does not exceed the generated power. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator in embodiments according to the present invention. The structure of the electrothermal watch 307 is similar to that of the electronic watch shown in Fig. 5. A heat sink 301 radiates the heat of a low-temperature heat electrode to the outside and is in contact with a case connected to the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal watch 307. The heat sink 301 is also employed as low-temperature heat electrode connecting means. A contact face 306 of the heat sink 301 and the electrothermal watch 307 are engaged with each other. The high-temperature heat electrode connecting means 303 contacts the bottom cap of the electrothermal watch 307. A high-temperature heat electrode contact face 305 of the high-temperature heat electrode connecting means 303 is engaged with the bottom cap of the electrothermal watch 307. The high-temperature heat source connecting means 303 is connected to electric heat converting means 304 having a power source, a switch, and a heater 308. The high-temperature heat source connecting means 303 can transmit heat efficiently by using a metal component. A case 302 is structured to partially cover the high-temperature heat source means 304 and the high-temperature heat source connecting mean 303. The case 302 can reduce loss of heat by using a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the high-temperature heat source connecting means 303. For example, aluminium or copper is used for the high-temperature heat source connecting means 303, and plastic is used for the case 302. Here, a heater 308 is used for the high-temperature heat source means, and electric heat converting means configured by the power source and the switch is employed. Anything which generates heat can be used instead of the heater 308. It is possible to regulate the temperature of the high temperature heat source of the heater 308 by turning ON/OFF the switch. In addition, it is possible to regulate the temperature of the high-temperature heat source by varying the power or voltage. The temperature of the heat source can be regulated by combining a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heat sink 301, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the high-temperature heat source connecting means 303, a microcomputer for indicating the temperature of the high-temperature heat source and a temperature of a low-temperature heat source and regulating the temperature of these heat sources, and the electric heat converting means 304. When there is radiation heat resistance in the heat sink 301 and a heat resistance between a bottom cap on the high-temperature heat source side and a case on the low-temperature heat source side of the electrothermal watch, if the external temperature is already known, a temperature difference associated with the electrothermal watch can be found merely by regulating the temperature of the electric heat converting means 304; therefore, the power generation quantity can be adjusted by changing the temperature of the high-temperature heat source. The high-temperature heat source connecting means 303 can transmit heat efficiently by employing aluminium, copper, aluminium alloy, or copper alloy, all of which have a high thermal conductivity. A metal having a relatively high thermal conductivity and good rigidity should be used for the high-temperature heat source connecting means 303. Here, a description of the connection of the high-temperature heat source of the electrothermal watch is given; however, the description is identical with respect to connection of the low-temperature heat source. Higher thermal conductivity causes higher efficiency. A material other than a metal can be used for the high-temperature heat source connecting means 303. It can also be used with respect to connection with the low-temperature heat source. When plastic is used for the case, thermal conductivity is lower than for a metal, and the heat is hardly transmitted. Such a case serves as a heat insulating material. Loss of heat from the case can be decreased by inserting a heat insulating material having a thermal conductivity lower than air into part or all of the inside of the case, resulting in higher efficiency. As an example of a heat insulating material having a thermal conductivity lower than air, there can be provided a material filled with a fleon gas having a thermal conductivity lower than air or by bubbles generated in a foaming resin. In Fig. 3, since the case of the electrothermal watch 307 has a heat radiation effect even if the heat sink 301 is not provided, a temperature difference is produced by warming the high-temperature heat electrode side to thereby generate power. Therefore, the heat sink is not always required. Since it is efficient that the radiation heat resistance of the heat sink 301 is lower than the case of the electrothermal watch 307, it is preferable to provide a heat sink. In addition, the heat sink 301 can be substituted for by means for making a temperature lower than that on the heater 308 side. As has been described hereinbefore, the heat sink 301 side corresponds to a low-temperature side, and the heater 308 side corresponds to a high-temperature side. Inversely, by placing the heater 308 side at a temperature lower than the atmosphere, the description given hereinbefore is reversed. Although the heat sink 301 is used for the low-temperature heat source in the above description, the high-temperature heat source and the low-temperature heat source can be substituted for by anything capable of producing a state in which the high-temperature heat source has a temperature higher than the lower-temperature source. In the case where an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator is divided into two or more sections, these sections can be connected by a hinge or tape, thus simplifying positioning when an electrothermal power generator is set. As described above with respect to Fig. 2, the system comprises either one or both of the high-temperature heat source means 201 and the low-temperature heat-source means 203. Further, as high-temperature heat source means, there is employed a heater 308 as an example of electric heat converting means. Further, as low-temperature heat source means, there is provided a heat sink 301 as an example of heat radiating means for radiating heat in air. Still further, a metal plate is connected to the heater 308 as a high-temperature heat electrode connecting means for bringing the high-temperature heat source means into contact with the high-temperature heat electrode side of the electronic watch 307. Furthermore, a heat sink 301 made of a metal is also employed as a low-temperature heat source connecting means. Still further, the electronic watch and high-temperature and low-temperature heat source connecting means are engaged with each other. Furthermore, there is provided a structure comprised of two sections, i.e., the high-temperature heat source side and the low-temperature heat source side. Still further, although not shown in the figure, the two divided sections of the structure are connected to each other by a hinge or tape. Moreover, the case on the high-temperature heat source side is made of plastic serving both as the case itself and as heat insulating means. Still further, a case can be used also for a high-temperature heat source side as well as part of the electronic equipment power charging system having the electrothermal power generator. Although the above structures are described in one embodiment in Fig. 3, the respective structural elements can be used separately. Fig. 4 is a structural view of a third embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator in embodiments according to the present invention. The electronic equipment power charging system having the electrothermal power generator comprises high-temperature heat source means 401, low-temperature heat source means 402, power generation quantity measuring means 403 for measuring a power generation quantity of an electrothermal power generator 406, and temperature controlling means 404 for regulating the temperatures of the high-temperature heat source means 401 and the low-temperature heat source means 402 according to a temperature indicated by temperature indicating means 405 and a power generation quantity measured by the power generation quantity measuring means 403. When a relationship between the generating power of the electrothermal power generator 406 and the temperature difference between the heat electrodes is found, it is possible to control such temperature difference through the power generation quantity. For example, in the case of an electrothermal power generator that generates power by imparting a temperature difference using the principle of the Seebech effect, its generated voltage is proportional to the temperature difference. Therefore, the temperature difference can be regulated by controlling the difference to be increased or decreased when a monitored voltage is lower or higher. The power generation quantity measuring means 403 measures the generated voltage of the electrothermal power generator 406. The temperature controlling means 404 varies the temperatures of the high-temperature heat source means 401 and the low-temperature heat source means 402 so as to increase the generated voltage. Also, the temperature controlling means controls the absolute temperature in accordance with the temperature indicating means 405. By setting the temperatures of the high-temperature heat source means 401 and the low-temperature heat source means 402 in advance in accordance with the temperature difference indicating means 405, it is possible for the temperature difference controlling means 404 to control the temperatures so as to achieve the set temperature. In addition, it is possible to produce a temperature difference using either one of the high-temperature heat source means 401 and the low-temperature heat source means 402. This makes it possible to charge the power of the electrothermal power generator without using the power generation quantity measuring means. Fig. 11 is a sectional view of an example of an electrothermal semiconductor element employed in embodiments according to the present invention. One end of a first n-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1101 is electrically connected to one end of a first p-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1102 via a first electrode 1106 that is electrically conductive. The other end of the first p-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1102 is electrically connected to one end of a second n-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1103 via a second electrode 1107 that is electrically conductive. The other end of the second n-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1103 is electrically connected to one end of a second p-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1104 via a third electrode 1108 that is electrically conductive. The other end of the first n-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1101 is electrically connected to a positive electrode 1105 that is electrically conductive. The other end of the second p-type semiconductor electrothermal element 1104 is electrically connected to a negative electrode 1109 that is electrically conductive. The first electrode 1106 and the third electrode 1108 are electrically connected to a first insulating substrate 1110 that is an electrical insulator. The positive electrode 1105, the negative electrode 1109, and the second electrode 1107 are connected to a second insulating substrate 1111 that is an electrical insulator. The positive electrode 1105 is connected to a positive side of the electrode terminal 1112, and further the negative electrode 1109 is connected to a negative side of the electrode terminal 1112. The first insulating substrate 1110 side is cooled and the second insulating substrate 1111 side is heated by the Peltier effect by imparting electric energy to the electrode terminal 1112 from the outside. A temperature difference is produced between the first insulating substrate 1110 and the second insulating substrate 1111 by the supply of a current. For Fig. 11, a more detailed description thereof will be given for clarity, using two pairs of the n-type semiconductor electrothermal element and the p-type semiconductor electrothermal element. In principle, it is possible to produce a temperature difference by the Peltier effect when one or more pairs is employed. Generally, plural pairs of the n-type semiconductor electrothermal elements and p-type semiconductor electrothermal elements are employed by connecting them in series. By feeding a current in a reverse direction, the first insulating substrate 1110 side is heated, and the second insulating substrate 1111 side is cooled. Fig. 6 is a structural view showing a fourth embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. The system comprises electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator and an electrothermal semiconductor element that is adjacent to or in contact with the electronic equipment and which produces a temperature difference using external electric energy. An electrothermal semiconductor element 602 converts the external electric energy to heat and produces a temperature difference. Electronic equipment 601 is electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator. The heat produced at the electrothermal semiconductor element 602 is imparted to at least one heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator incorporated in electronic equipment to be adjacent thereto or in contact therewith. Thereby the electrothermal power generator incorporated in the electronic equipment can acquire a temperature difference and generate power. In addition, the heat on the heating side produced by the electrothermal semiconductor element 602 is transmitted to the high-temperature heat electrode side of the electrothermal power generator incorporated in the electronic equipment, and the heat on the cooling side produced by the electrothermal semiconductor element 602 is further transmitted to the low-temperature heat electrode side of the electrothermal power generator incorporated in the electronic equipment, and thereby the electrothermal power generator can acquire a temperature difference and generate power. Fig. 7 is a structural view showing a fifth embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. An electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is an element in which one side is cooled and the other side is heated when a current is applied. For example, in Fig. 11, there is a sectional view exemplifying an electrothermal semiconductor element employed in this embodiment according to the present invention. The heat on the cooling side of the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is transmitted to a low-temperature heat electrode side of the electronic equipment 703 using second connecting means 702. The heat on the heating side of the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is transmitted to the high-temperature heat electrode side of the electronic equipment 703 using first connecting means 701. The electronic equipment 703 acquires a temperature difference produced at the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 and generates power. It is desirable that the first connecting means 701 and the second connecting means 702 be made of a thermally conductive material. For example, it is desirable that a material with a relatively high thermal conductivity has a heat resistance of 10 W/K • m or more. A pure material such as copper, aluminium, titan, or iron or its alloy should desirably be employed. When the heat produced by the heating side of the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is higher than the atmospheric temperature, the heat generated at the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is transmitted to the high-temperature heat electrode side of the electronic equipment 703 by employing the first connecting means 701. The low-temperature heat electrode side of the electronic equipment 703 is exposed in air. A temperature difference between the electronic equipment and the atmosphere is produced, thereby enabling power generation. On the contrary, if the temperature on the cooling side of the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is lower than that of the atmosphere, the heat generated by the electrothermal semiconductor element 704 is transmitted to the low-temperature heat electrode side of the electronic equipment 703 by employing the second connecting means 701, and a temperature difference is produced at the electronic equipment 703, thereby enabling power generation. Fig. 8 is a sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. A electrothermal semiconductor element 801 conducts heating and cooling operations when a current is applied. A first connector 806 and a third connector 802 are fixed to a first supporting plate 803. A fourth connector 804 and a second connector 807 are fixed to a second supporting plate 805. An electrothermal watch 808 is an electrothermal watch described in a sectional view of an electronic watch representing an embodiment of electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention as shown in Fig. 5. The heat on the high-temperature side generated at the electrothermal semiconductor element 801 is transmitted to the high-temperature heat electrode side of the electrothermal watch 808 through the fourth connector 804, the second supporting plate 805, and the second connector 807. The heat on the low-temperature side generated at the electrothermal semiconductor element 801 is transmitted to the low-temperature heat electrode side of the electrothermal watch 808 through the third connector 802, the first supporting plate 803, and the first connector 806. The first connector 806 and the second connector 807 are engaged with the electrothermal watch 808 so as to reduce thermal loss. The third connector 802, the fourth connector 804, and the electrothermal element 801 are engaged with each other so as to reduce thermal loss. The third connector 802, the first supporting plate 803, and the first connector 806 are also employed as heat connecting means on the low-temperature side of the electrothermal semiconductor element 801. The fourth connector 804, the second supporting plate 805, and the second connector 807 are also employed as heat connecting means on the high-temperature side of the electrothermal semiconductor element 801. The sixth embodiment of the invention is structured as described above. A description of generating a no-load voltage of 1.5 V at the electrothermal power generator incorporating an electrothermal watch 808 will now be given. Assuming that an internal resistance of an electrothermal power generator 505 is 1,000 Ω, power of 2.25 mW is generated by generating power at a no-load voltage of 1.5 V. This power generation quantity is effective for a secondary battery used for the watch. A heat resistance between a bottom cap 507 of the electrothermal watch 808 and a case 503 is about 15° C/W. An actual temperature difference associated with the electrothermal power generator 505 is 50% of the temperature difference between the bottom cap 507 and the case 503 in consideration of thermal flow loss. In addition, the electrothermal power generator 505 has a generated voltage of 0.2 V for each 1° C. The electrothermal power generator 505 requires a temperature difference of 7.5° C to obtain a no-load voltage of 1.5 V. The electrothermal power generator 505 requires a temperature difference of 15° C between the bottom cap 507 and the case 503 in order to obtain this temperature difference of 7.5°C. It is required to feed a heat rate of 1 W between the bottom cap 507 and the case 503 to obtain a temperature difference of 15° C between the bottom cap 507 and the case 503. In the case of an atmospheric temperature of 30° C, the temperatures of the first supporting plate 803, the first connector 806, and the third connector 802 are set to 30° C, and an electrothermal semiconductor element 801 whose coefficient of performance is 1 is employed. The coefficient of performance is a ratio of heat absorption energy to input energy. The heat from the electrothermal semiconductor element 801 is thermal flow that passes through the fourth connector 804, the second supporting plate 805, the second connector 807, the electrothermal watch 808, the first connector 806, the first supporting plate 803, and the third connector 802 and returns to the electrothermal semiconductor element 801. In the course of this thermal flow, a thermal loss of 1 W occurs. Thus, it is required to apply energy of 2 W to an electrothermal semiconductor element in order for the electrothermal watch to generate a no-load voltage of 1.5 V using the equipment and conditions described above. It is desirable that the first supporting plate 803, the second supporting plate 805, the first connector 806, the second connector 807, the third connector 802, and the fourth connector 806 be thermally conductive. A material with a relatively high thermal conductivity, for example, having a heat resistance of 10 W/K • m or more should desirably be employed. A pure material such as copper, aluminium, titan, or iron or its alloy should desirably be employed. Further, thermal flow loss is liable to occur at a contact or adjacent site between the first connector 806 and the electrothermal watch 808, between the second connector 807 and the electrothermal watch 808, between the third connector 802 and the electrothermal semiconductor element 801, or between the fourth connector 804 and the electrothermal semiconductor element 801. A method for reducing such a thermal loss includes increasing an effective contact area by applying pressure compared with the case where such pressure is not applied, or using a thermal-conductivity silicone grease having a thermal conductivity better than air and a thermally conductive adhesive. When a pressure is applied, it is required to regulate such pressure according to the rigidity of electronic equipment or components. The presence of a circuit for regulating electric energy applied to an electrothermal semiconductor element or a circuit for controlling a temperature enables more stable power generation. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a seventh embodiment of an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. The power charging system comprises a first case 901, a second case 902, a hinge 903, and an electrothermal watch 904. The first case 901 and the second case 902 are configured in two pairs. The hinge 903 connects the first case 901 and the second case 902. Instead of the hinge, a tape, a spring, or a screw may be employed for fixing. The first case 901 and the second case 902 contain an electronic equipment power charging system. It is possible to employ a structure such that the first supporting plate 803 of the sixth embodiment serves as the second case 902 and a second supporting plate 805 serves as the first case 901. The first case 901 and the second case 902 are configured separately, thus facilitating attachment to an electrothermal watch 904. In addition, operation of the electrothermal watch 904 is possible from the side face. Fig. 10 is a sectional view showing an eighth embodiment in an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. This system comprises a first heat sink 1001, a first electrothermal semiconductor element 1002, a first connector 1003, an electrothermal watch 1004, a second connector 1005, and a second electrothermal semiconductor element 1006, and a second heat sink 1007. The heat on a cooling side of the second electrothermal semiconductor element 1006 is transmitted to the low-temperature heat electrode side of the electrothermal watch 1004 via the second connector 1005. The heat on the heating side of the first electrothermal semiconductor element 1002 is transmitted to the high-temperature heat electrode side of the electrothermal watch 1004 via the first connector 1003. Since the electrothermal watch 1004 can acquire a temperature difference, power is generated. The heating side of the first electrothermal semiconductor element 1002 is connected to the first heat sink 1001, the generated heat is radiated to the outside, and thereby a temperature difference between the cooling side and the heating side of the first electrothermal semiconductor element 1002 can be acquired. The cooling side of the second electrothermal semiconductor element 1006 is connected to the second heat sink 1007, the cooled heat is radiated to the outside, and thereby a temperature difference between the cooling side and the heating side of the second electrothermal semiconductor element 1006 can be acquired. Now, it is assumed that the atmospheric air is at 30° C. A current is fed to the first electrothermal semiconductor element 1002, and the first connector 1003 is set to 25° C. In addition, a current is fed to the second electrothermal semiconductor element 1006, and the second connector 1005 is set to 40° C. Since a temperature difference of 15° C is imparted to the electrothermal watch 1004, a no-load voltage of 1.5 V is generated at the electrothermal watch 1004 as described in the sixth embodiment. Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a ninth embodiment in an electronic equipment power charging system according to the present invention. The system comprises a first case 1201, a second case 1202, a hinge 1203, an electrothermal watch 1204, and a window 1205. The window 1205 is added to the construction shown in the seventh embodiment so that a display of the electrothermal watch 1204 can be seen. By providing the window, time can be recognised even when the electrothermal watch is charged. Operation for setting time is possible from the side face. Further, the window 1205 and the second case 1202 are made of glass or plastics, thereby making it possible to see the display of the electrothermal watch. As is obvious in the foregoing description, in an electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator according to the present invention, a temperature difference is produced by the temperature difference producing means using energy from the outside of the power charger, and the temperature difference is imparted to electronic equipment having an electrothermal power generator, to thereby make it possible for the electrothermal power generator to generate power even under an environment otherwise free of a temperature difference. Further, the temperature of the heat imparted to the low-temperature heat electrode and the high-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator is measured, or a power generation quantity of the electrothermal power generator is measured by power generation quantity measuring means, and the temperature of a heat source is fed back by using temperature indicating means and temperature controlling means, and thereby reliability and stability of power generation of the electrothermal power generator can be improved. A heat source can be easily obtained by using electric heat converting means for the heat source. Use of a case or a heat insulating material therein can reduce a thermal loss, thus acquiring higher efficiency. By engaging the power charger and electronic equipment with each other, a loss in thermal conduction to the electrothermal power generator can be reduced, and positioning can be performed, thereby making it easy to set the electronic equipment. Further, there is eliminated a need for employing complex means such as an electric circuit by using heat radiation to air for a low-temperature heat source. Even under an environment where an electrothermal power generator cannot acquire a temperature difference, the energy from the outside is converted to heat, and a temperature difference is forcibly produced, thereby enabling power generation. An electrothermal semiconductor element is used for electric heat converting means, thereby making it possible to perform heating and cooling simultaneously. A window is provided, thus making it possible to see the display even during charging.

Claims: An electronic equipment power charging system comprising: an electrothermal power generator for generating electrical power using a temperature difference, the electrothermal power generator having a low-temperature heat electrode and a high-temperature heat electrode; an electronic equipment (102) having power accumulating means for accumulating electrical power generated by the electrothermal power generator; and characterised by temperature difference producing means (101) for converting external electrical energy to heat and producing the temperature difference used by the electrothermal power generator, the temperature difference producing means (101) having at least one of high-temperature heat source means (201, 401) for heating the high-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator at a temperature higher than that of the low-temperature heat electrode and low-temperature heat source means (203, 402). for heating the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator at a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature heat electrode, the high-temperature heat source means (201, 401) having electric heat converting means (304) for converting electrical energy to heat, and the low-temperature heat source means (203, 402) having heat radiating means (301) for radiating heat from the low-temperature heat electrode of the electrothermal power generator to the exterior of the electronic equipment power charging system. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising: either one or both of a high-temperature heat source temperature measuring means (202) for measuring a temperature of said high-temperature heat source means (201) and a low-temperature heat source temperature measuring means (204) for measuring a temperature of said low-temperature heat source means (203); temperature controlling means (205) for changing the temperature of either one or both of the high-temperature heat source means (201) and the low-temperature heat source means (203); and temperature indicating means (206) for indicating either one or both of the temperature of said high-temperature heat source means (201) and said low-temperature heat source means (203) to said temperature controlling means (205). An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising: power generation quantity measuring means (403) for measuring a power generation quantity of said electronic equipment (406); temperature controlling means (404) for changing either one or both of the temperature of said high-temperature heat source means (401) and said low-temperature heat-source means (402) by receiving the output of said power generation quantity measuring means (403); and temperature indicating means (405) for indicating either one or both of the temperature of said high-temperature heat source means (401) and said low-temperature heat source means (402). An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising either one or both of high-temperature electrode connecting means (701) for transmitting heat generated by said high-temperature heat source means (201, 401) to a high-temperature heat electrode of said electronic equipment and low-temperature heat electrode connecting means (702) for transmitting heat generated by said low-temperature heat source means (203, 402) to a low-temperature heat electrode of said electronic equipment. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that either one or both of said high-temperature heat electrode connecting means (701) and said low-temperature heat electrode connecting means (702) is/are partially or entirely made of a metal material. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that either one in part or in full of said high-temperature heat electrode connecting means (701) and said low-temperature heat electrode connecting means (702) is/are partially or entirely engaged with said electronic equipment. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 1, characterised by comprising heat insulating means for partially or entirely covering means for configuring the electronic equipment power charging system having an electrothermal power generator. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised by comprising a case (901, 1902) for partially or entirely covering means for configuring an electronic equipment power charging system having said electrothermal power generator. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 8 when appendant to claim 7, characterised in that a part or the whole of said case (901, 902) forms a part or the whole of said heat insulating means. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that said case (901, 902) is divided into at least two or more sections (901, 902). An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 10, characterised by comprising case connecting means (903) for connecting said case sections (901, 902). An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said high-temperature heat source means (201, 401) or said low-temperature heat source means (203, 402) comprises electric heat converting means. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that said electric heat converting means includes an electrothermal semiconductor element (704) comprising at least a pair having an n-type semiconductor electrothermal element and a p-type semiconductor electrothermal element. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 4, or claim 10 when appendant to claim 4, characterised by comprising supporting means (803, 805) for supporting any or all of said high-temperature heat source means (201, 401), said high-temperature heat electrode connecting means (701), said low-temperature heat source means (203, 402), and said low-temperature electrode connecting means (702). An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that said supporting means is employed as high-temperature heat electrode connecting means or low-temperature heat electrode connecting means. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that said case includes part or whole of said supporting means. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that either one or both of said high-temperature heat source means (201, 401) and said low-temperature heat source means (203, 402) has heat radiating means (1001, 1007) for radiating heat. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 17, characterised in that either one or both of said high-temperature heat source means (201, 401) and said low-temperature heat source means (203, 402) has an electrothermal semiconductor element (704) configured by a pair comprising an n-type semiconductor electrothermal element and a p-type semiconductor electrothermal element. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 17, characterised in that said heat radiating means (1001, 1007) is a heat sink for radiating heat. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that a part or the whole of an electronic equipment display can be seen from the outside of the electronic equipment power charging system. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 20, characterised by comprising at least one or more windows (1205) to enable the part or whole of the electronic equipment display to be seen from the outside. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in claim 21, characterised by a transparent member located in at least one or more of the windows. An electronic equipment power charging system as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the electronic equipment can be operated from the outside of the electronic equipment power charging system.

Inventors: KANESAKA TOSHIYA, KANESAKA, TOSHIYA
Applicants: SEIKO INSTR INC, SEIKO INSTRUMENTS INC.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H01L35
IPC codes: H02J7, H01L35, H01M16, H02N3