Method for sludge reduction in an aerobic waste water treatment system

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for treating organic waste water, which are capable of realizing compact equipment by reducing the quantity of a sludge to be treated. Organic waste water (A) is subjected to an aerobic biological treatment in biological treatment tank (3). Then, solution (B) obtained by the treatment in the biological treatment tank (3) is solid-liquid separated into treated water (C) and sludge (D) in precipitation tank (5). A part of the sludge (D) separated in the precipitation tank (5) is returned to the biological treatment tank (3) through route (6). A part (E) of the sludge separated in the precipitation tank (5) is concentrated by concentration device (8). Thereafter, the concentrated sludge (E) is solubilized by thermophilic bacteria in solubilizing tank (10).

Description: The present invention relates to a method for treating organic waste water. More particularly it relates to a method for treating, by biological digestion, organic waste containing organic sludge discharged from a sewage treatment process such as a sewage treatment plant, a night soil treatment plant and the like, or from a manufacturing process such as a food factory, a chemical factory and the like. Conventionally, an aerobic biological treatment method, which is referred to as an activated sludge method, has been performed for treating organic waste water. This method is carried out as shown in Fig. 7, wherein organic waste water such as sewage, introduced from organic waste water reservoir 1 into biological treatment tank 3 is decomposed into inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide or water, under aerobic conditions in the biological treatment tank 3 by biological oxidation which is an oxidative decomposition performed by a microorganism. The waste water which has been treated in the biological treatment tank 3 is solid-liquid separated into treated water C and sludge D in precipitation tank 5. In general, part of the sludge D is returned as a microorganism source to the biological treatment tank 3, and the residual sludge is treated as excess sludge E. In this case, however, precipitated and concentrated sludge containing organic solids which has been solid-liquid separated in the precipitation tank 5 is treated through the steps of concentration, digestion, dehydration, composting and incineration. Therefore, such a treatment is not preferable because it requires a large quantity of labour, time and expense. For this reason, methods of decreasing sludge as much as possible, such as an extended aeration method for increasing the residence time of the sludge, and a fixed bed oxidation method having a biomass attached to a catalytic material surface of a media to hold a large quantity of microorganisms in a reaction tank (see "Sewage Service Project - Design Guide and Explanation" issued by Japan Sewage Works Agency, edited by Sewage Works Division, Municipal Department of the Ministry of Construction, Vol. 2, 1994) have been proposed and commercialized. However, these methods require a large site area for increasing the residence time. In the extended aeration method, the sludge is dispersed when a load is reduced, thereby interfering with solid-liquid separation. In the fixed bed oxidation method, fouling of the sludge is caused when the load is increased. Therefore, these methods are not desirable. In order to solve these problems, furthermore, a method has been proposed, which temporarily stores an excess sludge and decreases the sludge by an anaerobic digestion method to reduce the quantity of the sludge and to lessen the waste treatment load. In this method, the treatment time is long, for example 20 to 30 days, and the decrease of an organic sludge is not sufficient, for example 30 to 50 %. Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 6-206088 discloses a method for performing an aerobic biological treatment on organic waste water, and then oxidizing a solid-liquid separated sludge by an ozone oxidation column to reduce the excess sludge. However this method requires operators well-skilled in handling the ozone oxidation column and has the problem of treating residual ozone. In addition, the decomposition rate of the excess sludge is not sufficient in the ozone oxidation column. Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 9-10791 discloses an activated sludge treatment method capable of considerably reducing the quantity of a generated excess sludge, comprising the steps of subjecting organic waste water to an aerobic biological treatment in an aeration tank, solid-liquid separating the waste water treated in the aeration tank into treated water and sludge in a precipitation device, returning a part of the sludge separated in the precipitation device to the aeration tank through a recycle route, solubilizing at a high temperature, the excess sludge separated in the precipitation device, in a solubilizing treatment device, and returning the treated sludge solubilized in the solubilizing treatment device to the aeration tank through a return route. According to the method described in the publication, however, it is necessary to increase the size of the solubilizing treatment device according to the maximum quantity of the excess sludge which flows into solubilizing treatment equipment. Furthermore, a large quantity of treated sludge solubilized in the solubilizing treatment device is returned to the aeration tank. Therefore, the substantial residence time is shortened in the aeration tank. Consequently, the quality of treated water is sometimes deteriorated. Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 9-276887, as shown in Fig. 8, discloses an organic waste water treatment apparatus comprising activated sludge treatment tank 21, solid-liquid separation device 22 for solid-liquid separating a sludge obtained after an activated sludge treatment, sludge returning means 23 for returning a part of the separated sludge to the activated sludge treatment tank 21, sludge concentration device 24 for concentrating the residual sludge, heating device 25 for heating the concentrated sludge to a temperature of 40 to 100°C, and sludge returning means 26 for returning the heated sludge to the activated sludge treatment tank 21. According to the treatment apparatus, the excess sludge separated in the solid-liquid separation device 22 is concentrated in the sludge concentration device 24 and then sent to the heating device 25. There is therefore the advantage that the quantity of the sludge sent to the heating device 25 can be decreased. In the treatment apparatus, however, the sludge is solubilized in only a heating treatment. For this reason, the solubilization ratio of the sludge is low, for example 20 to 25%. It should take a long time to solubilize a large quantity of sludge by using a solubilizing tank of a large capacity. Consequently, the scale of equipment is enlarged. Thus, the treatment apparatus has a disadvantage that the running cost of heating., the maintenance cost and the like are increased. In order to reduce the equipment cost, furthermore, it is preferable to reduce the number of required facilities and the space occupied by the facilities. U.S. Patent 4 915 840 discloses a waste water treatment process in which organic waste water is subjected to aerobic biological treatment in an aeration zone, the treated liquer is then clarified to form a heavy sludge and a purified affluent, and the sludge has its water center adjusted in a thickening vessel. At least a portion 1 the sludge is hydrolyse chemically before passing into an antothermal digestion mit. Such a unit itself consume microoganisms being used to break down the sludge, thus leading to a substantial hydraulic residence time being required and a very large apparatus. Japanese provisional Patent Publication No. 09-253699 describes a process for identifying thermophilic bacteria which form a sludge solubilizing enzyme. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating organic waste water, which are capable of use with compact equipment by reducing the quantity of sludge to be treated. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating organic waste water, which are capable of improving the quality of treated water. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating organic waste water efficiently and at low cost. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for treating organic waste water, which is capable of specifying and shortening the treatment time of the solubilizing reaction and of efficiently performing sufficient solubilization. In order to attain the above-mentioned objects, the present invention provides claim 1. In consequence, we have found that, the quantity of the treated sludge sent to the solubilizing tank can be decreased. Thus, the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced. In particular, the concentrated sludge is sent to the solubilizing tank, so that the nutritive conditions suitable for the growth of the thermophilic bacteria can be obtained. Therefore, a high solubilization ratio can be obtained by performing a solubilizing treatment using the thermophilic bacteria in the solubilizing tank. By concentrating the sludge to have a water content of from 90 to 99% (a sludge concentration of from 1 to 10% ) by the concentration device, the nutritive conditions more suitable for the growth of thermophilic bacteria can be obtained. Therefore, the solubilizing treatment can be performed more efficiently, and the size of the solubilizing tank further reduced. If the sludge is concentrated to have a water content of less than 90% , the above-mentioned advantages cannot be given very much. Conversely, the flow properties deteriorate, and a foaming phenomenon caused by aeration. Therefore, the sludge is concentrated by the concentration device with a water content of 90 to 99%. The solid-liquid separated sludge is concentrated and then returned to the biological treatment device. Consequently, the quantity of microorganisms returned to the biological treatment device is increased. Therefore, the quantity of the microorganisms in the biological treatment device can be kept at a high concentration, so that the organic matter is fully oxidatively decomposed by the microorganisms. As a result, the sludge load is reduced, whereby the quality of treated water can be improved. Furthermore, the solubilizing treatment for the sludge is carried out by physicochemically thermal decomposition performed by heat and a sludge solubilization enzyme secreted from the thermophilic bacteria under aerobic or micro-aerobic conditions at a temperature of from 60° to 70°C. The time taken for the solubilizing treatment is determined based on a hydraulic residence time (hereinafter referred to as an "HRT") of treated sludge in the solubilizing treatment device. Consequently, it is possible to avoid redundant solubilizing reaction. Therefore, even if the size of the solubilizing tank is reduced, the solubilizing treatment can be performed well. Figure 1 is a structural diagram schematically showing an apparatus for treating organic waste water suitable for executing a method for treating organic waste water according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural diagram schematically showing apparatus for treating organic waste water suitable for executing a method for treating organic waste water according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a structural diagram schematically showing an apparatus for treating organic waste water according to the prior art; Figure 4 is a chart showing a transition of protease production by bacteria for an HRT at a solubilizing step according to the method of the present invention; Figure 5 is a chart showing a transition of protease production by an excess sludge for the HRT at the solubilizing step according to the method of the present invention; Figure 6 is a structural diagram schematically showing an apparatus for treating organic waste water suitable for executing a method for treating organic waste water according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a structural diagram schematically showing another apparatus for treating organic waste water according to the prior art; and Figure 8 is a structural diagram schematically showing a further apparatus for treating organic waste water according to the prior art. A first embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for biologically treating organic waste water, which comprises the steps of biologically treating the organic waste water by a biological treatment device, solid-liquid separating the waste water treated by the biological treatment device into treated water and a sludge by a solid-liquid separation device, returning a part of the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device to the biological treatment device, concentrating at least a part of a residual sludge by a concentration device, and solubilizing the concentrated sludge by thermophilic bacteria in a solubilizing tank. According to this method, at least a part of the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device is concentrated by the concentration device and then sent to the solubilizing tank. Therefore it is possible to ensure the nutritive conditions suitable for the growth of thermophilic bacteria and attain a high solubilization ratio by the production of a solubilizing enzyme. Further, since at least a part of the sludge is concentrated and then sent to the solubilizing tank, the quantity of the treated sludge sent to the solubilizing tank is decreased so that the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced. A second embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for treating organic waste water according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein at least a part of the treated liquid solubilized by the solubilizing tank is returned to the biological treatment device. Consequently, the solubilized treated liquid is biologically digested in the biological treatment device simultaneously with the decrease of the sludge. A third embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for biologically treating organic waste water, which comprises the steps of biologically treating the organic waste water by a biological treatment device, solid-liquid separating the waste water treated by the biological treatment device into treated water and a sludge by a solid-liquid separation device, concentrating the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device in a concentration device, returning a part of the sludge to the biological treatment device, and solubilizing at least a part of a residual sludge by thermophilic bacteria in a solubilizing tank. According to this method, all the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device is concentrated and a part of the concentrated sludge is sent to the solubilizing tank. Therefore, the following advantages can be obtained in addition to the advantage that a high solubilization ratio can be ensured and the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced in the same manner as in the first aspect of the present invention. More specifically, a part of the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device is concentrated and then sent to the biological treatment device. Therefore, the quantity of microorganisms in the biological treatment device is increased more than in the first aspect of the present invention. Consequently, the quantity of the microorganisms in the biological treatment device can be kept at a high concentration, and an organic matter is fully decomposed by the microorganisms. As a result, the sludge load is reduced so that the quality of treated water can advantageously be improved. A fourth embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for treating organic waste water according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein at least a part of the treated liquid solubilized by the solubilizing tank is returned to the biological treatment device. Consequently, the above-mentioned advantages can be obtained. A fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for biologically treating organic waste water, which comprises the steps of biologically treating the organic waste water by a biological treatment device having a membrane separation device provided in a tank, concentrating at least a part of the sludge in the biological treatment device by a concentration device, and solubilizing the concentrated sludge by thermophilic bacteria in a solubilizing tank. According to this method, the digesting decomposition of the organic waste water and the solid-liquid separation based on membrane separation are performed at the same time. Therefore, the waste water can be treated efficiently. At least a part of the sludge in the biological treatment device is concentrated by the concentration device and then sent to the solubilizing tank. Therefore, the following advantage can be obtained in addition to the advantage that a high solubilization ratio can be ensured and the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced in the same manner as in the first and third aspects of the present invention. More specifically, there is no hindrance to solid-liquid separation caused by the deterioration of the sedimentation properties of the sludge in a gravity sedimentation tank. Therefore, the quantity of biomass in the biological treatment device can easily be set to a high concentration so that the quality of treated water can be enhanced. A sixth embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for treating organic waste water according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, wherein at least a part of the treated liquid solubilized by the solubilizing tank is returned to the biological treatment device. Consequently, the above-mentioned advantages can be obtained. A seventh embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for treating organic waste water according to any of the above embodiments wherein the time taken for the solubilizing treatment is determined based on the HRT (hydraulic residence time) of the treated sludge in the solubilizing treatment device. Consequently, the solubilization is performed under the condition that the solubilization enzyme can be produced and can perform solubilization. Thus, the redundant solubilizing reaction can be avoided. Therefore, the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced and the solubilizing treatment can advantageously be performed. A solubilizing treatment time is selected ± 2 hours of the hydraulic residence time of a treated solution at which the production and secretion and/or activity of the enzyme is a maximum. i.e. around 20 hours An eighth embodiment of the present invention comprises a method for treating organic waste water according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, wherein the HRT is 18 to 22 hours. Consequently, the sludge can be solubilized efficiently. In order to perform the present invention, we prefer to use an apparatus for biologically treating organic waste water, the apparatus comprising a biological treatment device for biologically treating the organic waste water, a solid-liquid separation device for solid-liquid separating the waste water treated by the biological treatment device into treated water and a sludge, a concentration device for concentrating at least a part of a residual sludge to have a water content of 99% or less, and a solubilizing tank for solubilizing by physicochemically thermal decomposition to be perfomed by heat and by a sludge solubilisation enzyme secreted by thermophilic bacteria under aerobic or microaerobic conditions at a temperature fan 60 to 70°C the sludge concentrated in the concentration device. It is accordingly possible to execute the treatment method according to the invention wherein a high solubilization ratio can be ensured and the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced. A route for returning a part of the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device to the biological treatment device, may also be provided. An further embodiment of the apparatus for treating organic waste water comprises a route for returning, to the biological treatment device, at least a part of the treated liquid solubilized by the solubilizing tank. Consequently, it is possible to execute the treatment method according to the second aspect of the present invention in which the sludge can be reduced. A further embodiment of the apparatus includes a route for returning, to the biological treatment device, a part of the sludge concentrated by the concentration device. According to this feature, it is possible to execute the treatment method according to the embodiment described above. The apparatus comprises a route for returning, to the biological treatment device, at least a part of the treated liquid solubilized by the solubilizing tank. Consequently, it is possible to execute the treatment method according to the embodiment of the present invention in which the sludge can be reduced. The apparatus may also include a biological treatment device having a membrane separation device provided in a tank. According to the this embodiment, it is possible to execute the treatment method according to the embodiment of the invention described above in which the quality of the treated water can be enhanced with the apparatus having a comparatively simple structure and the treatment can be performed efficiently at low cost. Such apparatus also includes a route for returning, to the biological treatment device, at least a part of the treated liquid solubilized by the solubilizing tank. Consequently, it is possible to execute the treatment method according to the embodiment of the present invention in which a decrease in the sludge can be carried out. In the process of the present invention, the solid-liquid separation device may comprise a precipitation device and/or a membrane separation device, for example. As the concentration device, centrifugal concentration, floating concentration, evaporating concentration, membrane concentration and the like can be employed. A concentrator of a floating ring lamination type can also be used. The biological treatment device forming part of the apparatus that can be used in the present invention is used in an aerobic biological treatment. It is preferable that the aeration tank to be used for the aerobic biological treatment is provided with aeration means. The aeration treatment is executed at a room temperature preferably with an airflow of 0.1 to 0.5 vvm in such a manner that the aerobic digesting decomposition can be permitted. It may also be performed at a higher temperature with a larger airflow depending on a load. It is preferable that the pH value in the aeration tank would be controlled to pH 5.0 to 8.0. In order to promote the aerobic digesting decomposition, a microorganism such as yeast and a flocculant to promote floc formation such as aluminum sulfate, polychlorinated aluminum, ferric chloride or ferrous sulfate may be added to the aeration tank. The aerobic biological treatment may be performed by the devices capable of performing an aerobic treatment other than the aeration tank. It is desirable that a membrane having a pore of 0.1 to 2.5 µm, preferably, 0.3 to 0.5 µm would be used in the membrane separation device provided on the aeration tank, for example. Furthermore, the membrane separation device having one or more membrane module structures is suitable. Examples of the preferable membrane separation device include an immersion type membrane separation device comprising a T type filter element manufactured by Yuasa Corporation. It is preferable that the membrane separation device would have a structure in which washing means utilizing pressurization by hydraulic pressure, air pressure or the like, rubbing, vibration, chemical injection or the like is built in the membrane separation device or is provided thereon so that substances that do not pass through the membrane foul the membrane surface as little as possible. The sludge is decomposed by thermophilic bacteria and, a biomass of the Bacillus, stearothermophilus may be added at the solubilizing step. In the present invention, the following represent "the physicochemical thermal decomposition performed by heat and by a sludge solubilization enzyme produced and secreted from thermophilic bacteria:" 1 ○ Temperature: 60 to 70°C; 2 ○ Concentration of the sludge : 10000 to 100000 mg/l or more (= a water content of 90 to 99% ); 3 ○ pH : 7 to 9, preferably 7.5 to 8.5; 4 ○ Environment : aerobic or microaerobic conditions; and 5 ○ Time : determined based on an HRT of the sludge to be treated in the solubilizing tank. In the case where the sludge is solubilized continuously, the HRT is obtained based on the quantity of an inflow solution and the effective capacity of a reactor. In other words, the HRT (hydraulic residence time) can be calculated based on an equation of HRT = V / Q ( V : the capacity of the reactor (m 3 ), Q : the quantity of the inflow solution (m 3 /hour)). If the solubilization can be achieved to a desired extent, it is apparent that the volume of the reactor can be reduced as the HRT is shortened. In consideration of the object of the present invention, i.e. the reduction of the equipment size, the solubilization time is determined based on the HRT so that a redundant solubilizing treatment can be avoided. It is preferable that the production and secretion quantities of the sludge solubilization enzyme would be monitored to select an HRT at which the production and secretion quantities are optimised. If the HRT is thus set, the reaction performed by the produced and secreted sludge solubilization enzyme can efficiently be utilized. Usually, it is preferable that the HRT would be set to 18 to 22 hours. EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below. 1. Effect of concentration of sludge (1) Example 1 Fig. 1 is a structural diagram schematically showing an apparatus for treating organic waste water, which is suitable for executing a method of the present invention for treating organic waste water. As shown in Fig. 1, original waste water A stored in organic waste water reservoir 1 is introduced into biological treatment tank 3 through route 2. The original waste water A, which is organic waste water, is subjected to an aerobic biological treatment in the biological treatment tank 3. The aerobic biological treatment represents that organic matter is decomposed into inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide or water by biological oxidation. The aerobic microorganism used is a Bacillus stearothermophilus. These inoculation bacteria are obtained from a usual sewage treatment plant. In this case, the operation is performed in such a manner that the temperature of the biological treatment tank 3 is set to a range of 10 to 50°C, usually 20 to 30°C. In order to perform the treatment more efficiently, a high temperature is preferred. For example, in the case where mesophile bacteria separated from the excess sludge of sewage are used, the operation should be performed at a temperature of 35 to 45°C. In any case, the operation should be performed by selecting an optimum temperature condition from the temperature range mentioned above such that a microorganism can execute the oxidative decomposition efficiently and fully. In this case, the biological treatment tank may be a batch type or a continuous type. Subsequently, treated water B treated in the biological treatment tank 3 is introduced through route 4 into precipitation tank 5 acting as a solid-liquid separation device and solid-liquid separated therein. Supernatant solution C obtained by the solid-liquid separation is subjected to a tertiary treatment, if necessary, such as denitrification or an ozone treatment according to the regulations of a discharge destination. The solution thus treated is reused or utilized. On the other hand, a part of sludge D separated in the precipitation tank 5 is introduced into the biological treatment tank 3 through route 6. The quantity of the sludge sent through the route 6 is determined by the quantity of retention of the microorganism in the biological treatment tank 3. Furthermore, residual sludge E separated in the precipitation tank 5 is introduced into concentration tank 8 through route 7. Depending on circumstances, a part of the residual sludge E separated in the precipitation tank 5 can be extracted to the outside of a system. The concentration tank 8 concentrates the sludge by gravity sedimentation. As a concentration method, a method utilizing floating concentration, evaporating concentration, membrane concentration, addition of a flocculant or centrifugal force may also be employed. As described above, the sludge would be concentrated to have a water content of 90 to 99% (a sludge concentration of 1 to 10% or more). The solution obtained after the concentration is introduced into solubilizing tank 10 through route 9. The solubilizing tank 10 solubilizes an organic sludge aerobically at a high temperature. In this case, inoculation bacteria (i.e., thermophilic bacteria) of an aerobic microorganism, which are to be used at a high temperature, are obtained by incubating the microorganism in an anaerobic or aerobic digesting tank according to the prior art, for example. While the operation is performed such that the optimum temperature of the solubilizing tank 10 is 60 to 70°C, the optimum temperature is varied depending on the type of the thermophilic bacteria for decomposing an organic solid contained in the sludge E to be treated at a high temperature. For example, in case of the thermophilic bacteria separated from an excess sludge of sewage treatment plant, the operation should preferably be executed at about 65°C in such a manner that the solubilizing reaction to be performed by the microorganism (thermophilic bacteria) and physicochemically thermal decomposition to be performed by heat can be carried out efficiently and fully at the same time. Furthermore, a device for aerobic microorganism decomposition in the solubilizing tank 10 can be provided with a diffuser according to the prior art, and a device for anaerobic microorganism decomposition may use a method of circulating a solution in a tank for mixing, a method of circulating and bubbling a generated gas for mixing, a method having an agitator such as a stirring blade and a method having active microorganism fixing means, i.e., means for efficiently causing an active microorganism to come in contact with a sludge to be treated. In this case, the solubilizing tank may be a batch type or a continuous type. Thus, treated solution F solubilized in the solubilizing tank 10 is introduced into the biological treatment tank 3 through route 11 so that the aerobic biological treatment is performed there. Subsequently, the above-mentioned treatment cycle is repeated. (2) Example 2 Fig. 2 is a structural diagram schematically showing an apparatus for treating organic waste water, which is suitable for executing a method for treating organic waste water according to another embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is different from the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 in that route 6 is not provided, all sludge separated in precipitation tank 5 is introduced into concentration tank 8, a part of the sludge concentrated to have a water content of 99% or less (a sludge concentration of 1% or more) in concentration tank 8 is introduced into biological treatment tank 3 through route 12, a residual sludge is introduced into solubilizing tank 10 and solubilized by thermophilic bacteria, the solubilized solution is introduced into biological treatment tank 3 through route 11, and an aerobic biological treatment of the concentrated sludge and the solubilized solution is performed in the biological treatment tank 3. Subsequently, the above-mentioned treatment cycle is repeated. A part of the sludge concentrated in the concentration tank 8 may be extracted to the outside of a system. In order to confirm the advantages of the present invention, an angular tank was used as a biological treatment tank, which was made of transparent polyvinyl chloride resin and had an effective volume of 40 liter with a sectional area of 800 cm 2 and a height of 60 cm, and the biological treatment tank was aerated with an airflow of 0.3 vvm, a lower pyramid type angular tank was used as a precipitation tank, which was made of transparent polyvinyl chloride resin and had an effective volume of 10 liter with a sectional area of 400 cm 2 and a height of 40 cm, a lower cone type cylindrical tank was used as a concentration tank, which was made of transparent polyvinyl chloride resin and had an effective volume of 2 liter with an inside diameter of 10 cm and a height of 40 cm, a glass cylinder was used as a solubilizing tank, which had an effective volume of 2 liter with an inside diameter of 13 cm and a height of 25 cm and the solubilizing tank was aerated with an airflow of 0.5 vvm, organic waste water (original waste water) having properties of peptone : glucose : yeast extract = 4 : 4 : 1 was used, and the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 was operated by regulating the quantity of the sludge flowing into the route 6 with a load of 0.4 kg BOD/m 3 /day in such a manner that the biological treatment tank 3 had a sludge concentration of about 3000 mg/liter. The apparatus shown in Fig. 2 was operated by regulating the quantity of a sludge in such a manner that the quantity of the sludge flowing into the route 12 was equal to the quantity of the sludge flowing into the route 6 shown in Fig. 1. 1 vvm means "1 liter air volume / 1 liter reactor volume /min.". While the precipitation tank has been used for solid-liquid separation in the above-mentioned example, it is apparent that a device to be used for usual solid-liquid separation such as a membrane separation device can be used, for example. (3) Comparative Example For comparison, as shown in Fig. 3, an apparatus for treating an organic waste water, in which the concentration tank 8 was removed from the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, was operated using the above-mentioned organic waste water with the above-mentioned airflow and the above-mentioned BOD load and regulating the quantity of a sludge flowing into route 6 in such a manner that biological treatment tank 3 had a sludge concentration of about 3000 mg/liter. Consequently, the results listed in the following Table 1 were obtained. BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand S-TOC: Soluble-total Organic Carbon SS: Suspended Solid From Table 1, the following respects are obvious. 1 ○ According to Example 1, the sludge concentrated in the concentration tank is introduced into the solubilizing tank. Therefore, the quantity of the sludge to be treated in the solubilizing tank can be decreased more than in the comparative example. Consequently, the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced. 2 ○ According to Example 2, all the sludge separated in the precipitation tank is introduced into the concentration tank. Therefore, in addition to the advantage that the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced in the same manner as in Example 1, the quality of treated water can be improved because the concentration of the sludge in the biological treatment tank is increased, that is, the quantity of microorganisms in the biological treatment tank is increased. 3 ○ According to the comparative example, a large quantity of sludges would be treated in the solubilizing tank. In addition, the quality of treated water is the lowest. 2. Specification of treatment time for solubilizing reaction (4) Example 3 : Effect of enzyme production by microorganism on residence time A yeast - peptone medium (manufactured by DIFCO Co., Ltd. (4 g of yeast extract, 8 g of peptone and 1 liter of water, pH 6.8) was put into a reactor made of glass, and bacillus stearothermophilus SPT 2-1 [FERM P-15395], which was derived from excess sludge of a sewage treatment plant and preincubated, was raised and concussively incubated at a temperature of 65°C. First, an HRT was set to 36 hours while an incubation solution was continuously supplied. In order to shorten the HRT to a predetermined time with the quantity of an organic matter to be put in kept constant, an appropriate quantity of dilution water was added for incubation. A supernatant solution was sampled at each residence time, and each protease activity was measured as follows. More specifically, an equivalent sample was added to 0.7 ml of a solution (5 mg/ml) obtained by suspending azocoal (trade name, manufactured by Sigma Co., Ltd.) acting as a substrate for non-specific protease assay into a phosphoric acid buffer solution having pH 7.0. The mixture was incubated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 70°C. After the reaction was completed, an absorbance at 520 nm was measured. When similar measurement was conducted using, as a sample, 30 µg/ml of the phosphoric acid buffer solution (pH 7.0) of trypsin (about 400 BAEE U/mg, manufactured by Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.), an absorbance of 1.0 was obtained at 520 nm. The obtained result is shown in Fig. 4. It has been found that the enzyme activity reached a peak at an HRT of 12 hours and was then lowered to a low level before an HRT of 20 hours. Accordingly, it has become apparent that the HRT suitable for the enzyme production by the strain under these circumstances is about 12 hours. (5) Example 4 : Effect of enzyme production by excess sludge on residence time After bacillus stearothermophilus SPT 2-1 [FERM P-15395], which was derived from excess sludge of a sewage treatment plant and preincubated, was raised, excess sludge derived from the sewage treatment plant which had an organic solid (vss:volatile suspended solids) concentration of 3 % by weight was put into a jar fermenter made of glass which has an effective volume of 5 liter, and was treated at a temperature of 65°C with an airflow of 0.3 vvm and a stirring speed of 300 rpm. In the same manner as in Example 3, an HRT was first set to 36 hours, dilution water was suitably injected to set a predetermined HRT and a protease activity at each HRT was measured. The excess sludge of the sewage treatment plant was obtained by precipitating and separating a sludge in a final precipitation tank and further causing the precipitated sludge to be subjected to floating concentration. The obtained result is shown in Fig. 5. It was found that the enzyme activity reached a peak at an HRT of 15 to 20 hours and was then reduced to a lower level before an HRT of 25 hours. Accordingly, it has become apparent that the HRT suitable for the enzyme production under these circumstances is about 20 hours. 3. Treatment of waste water to be performed by biological treatment tank provided with membrane separation device (7) Example 5 In Example 5, the route 6 was removed from the structure of Fig. 1, the same tanks as the concentration tank 8 and the solubilizing tank 10 in Fig. 1 were used, and biological treatment tank 3 provided with immersion type membrane separation device (manufactured by Yuasa Corporation, a T type filter element) 13 was used in place of the biological treatment tank 3 and the precipitation tank 5. Fig. 6 schematically shows the structure of an apparatus for treating organic waste water according to the Example 5. The operation of the apparatus was performed using the above-mentioned organic waste water with the above-mentioned airflow and the above-mentioned BOD load and regulating the quantity of a sludge flowing into route 7 in such a manner that the biological treatment tank 3 had a sludge concentration of about 12000 mg / liter. (8) Comparative Example For comparison, the apparatus for treating organic waste water shown in Fig. 3 was operated using the above-mentioned organic waste water with the above-mentioned airflow and the above-mentioned BOD load by regulating the quantity of a sludge flowing into the route 6 in such a manner that the biological treatment tank 3 had a sludge concentration of about 3000 mg/liter. Consequently, the results listed in the following Table 2 were obtained. 1 ○ According to Example 5, all the sludge separated in the biological treatment tank is introduced into the concentration tank. Therefore, in addition to the advantage that the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced, the quality of the treated water can be improved because the concentration of the sludge in the biological treatment tank is increased, that is, the quantity of microorganisms in the biological treatment tank is increased. 2 ○ According to the comparative example, a large quantity of sludges would be treated in the solubilizing tank. In addition, the quality of treated water is low. Since the present invention has the above-mentioned constitution, the following advantages can be obtained. (1) the concentrated sludge is sent to the solubilizing tank. Therefore, the solubilizing tank is under the nutritive conditions suitable for the growth of thermophilic bacteria, and the solubilization enzyme is also produced. Therefore, a high solubilization ratio can be obtained. Since the quantity of the sludge to be treated in the solubilizing tank can be reduced, the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced. (2) the following advantage can be obtained in addition to the advantages that a high solubilization ratio can be ensured and the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced. More specifically, all the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device is concentrated and a part of the concentrated sludge is sent to the biological treatment device. Therefore, the quantity of microorganisms to be sent to the biological treatment device can be kept at a high concentration so that the quality of treated water can be improved. (3) in addition to the advantage that a high solubilization ratio can be ensured and the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced, waste water can efficiently be treated because the digesting decomposition of the organic waste water and the solid-liquid separation based on membrane separation are simultaneously performed. Furthermore, there is no hindrance to solid-liquid separation caused by the deterioration of sedimentation properties of the sludge in the gravity precipitation tank. Therefore, the quantity of biological retention in the biological treatment device can be kept at a high concentration. Consequently, the quality of treated water can be enhanced. (4) the sludge can be reduced. (5) the solubilizing tank is under the nutritive conditions more suitable for the growth of the thermophilic bacteria. Consequently, the solubilizing treatment can be performed more efficiently and the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced still more. (6) the redundant solubilizing reaction can be avoided. Therefore, the size of the solubilizing tank can be reduced and the solubilizing reaction can be performed well. (7) the sludge can be solubilized efficiently.

Claims: A method for biologically treating organic waste water, comprising the steps of: oxidatively decomposing the organic waste water by microorganisms in a biological treatment device (3); solid-liquid separating the waste water treated by the biological treatment device into treated liquid and a sludge by a solid-liquid separation device (5,13); concentrating at least a part of the sludge to a water content of 90 to 99% by a concentration device (8) in order to obtain nutritive conditions suitable for growth of thermophilic bacteria and the production of a solubilising enzyme, solubilising the concentrated sludge by a physicochemically thermal decomposition performed only by heat and a sludge solubilisation enzyme secreted from thermophilic bacteria Bacillus stearothermophilus SPT 2-1[FERM P-15395] under aerobic or microaerobic conditions at a temperature from 60 to 70°C and a pH value of 7-9 in a solubilising tank (10) wherein the concentrated sludge is held in the solubilising tank for a hydraulic residence time of 18 to 22 hours thereby generating solubilised treated liquid; and returning the solubilised treated liquid to the biological treatment device (3). The method for treating organic waste water according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device is concentrated in the concentration device and a part of the concentrated sludge is returned to the biological treatment device (12). The method for treating organic waste water according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid separation device is a membrane separation device (13) and the biological treatment device has said membrane separation device provided in a tank and at least a part of the sludge drawn from the biological treatment device is concentrated by the concentration device.

Inventors: AKASHI AKIRA, FUKUI TAKAHIRO, HASEGAWA SUSUMU, KATSURA KENJI, MIURA MASAHIKO, AKASHI, AKIRA, FUKUI, TAKAHIRO, HASEGAWA, SUSUMU, KATSURA, KENJI, MIURA, MASAHIKO
Applicants: SHINKO PANTEC KABUSHIKA KAISHA
Application year: 1998
Main classification: C02F3
IPC codes: C02F11, C02F3