DEVICE FOR FORMING CHORDS

Abstract: A device for forming chords on stringed musical instruments of the type having a fingerboard, the device comprising means (55, 56) for pressing a plurality of strings on to the fingerboard at a chosen position along the fingerboard, the device being rotatable about said means to raise the pitch of at least one string and to lower the pitch of at least one string relative to the pitch achievable by said means pressing the respective string at the chosen position.

Description: DEVICE FOR FORMING CHORDS Field of the Invention This invention relates to a device for forming chords on a stringed musical instrument of the type having a fingerboard. Background to the Invention The formation of chords by pressing selected strings against the fingerboard at selected positions while plucking, strumming or even bowing the strings is a skill requiring strength and dexterity, and a great deal of dedicated practice to acquire. In addition, the fingertips which press the strings have to harden before the instrument can be played for any length of time without discomfort. These factors are sufficient to discourage many from even starting to learn. Various proposals have been made to assist or replace the fingering action. For example, US 3 922 945 (Pettijohn) discloses a hand-held chord fingering device comprising an especially shaped, rigid and generally palm sized body having oblong fingering pads in a pre-determined pattern, the pads being spaced apart along the fingerboard, and the rearmost being a complete bar of all the strings. By sliding the device laterally across the strings, different chords can be formed. Considerable skill is still required to use the device; subtle variations in the position of the device can produce very different chords. Another example of such a device is disclosed in US 4 471 682 (Bozung), which provides adjustable string depresser bars. Again, the use of the device requires skill, and setting up the adjustable depresser bars is probably beyond the ability of a novice player. The present invention provides a device which is simple to use, while providing a wide range of chords. Summary of the Invention According to the invention, there is provided a device for forming chords on stringed musical instruments of the type having a fingerboard, the device comprising means for pressing a plurality of strings on to the fingerboard at a chosen position along the fingerboard, the device being rotatable about said means to raise the pitch of at least one string, preferably by at least one semitone, and to lower the pitch of at least one string, preferably by at least one semitone, relative to the pitch achieved by said means pressing the respective string at the chosen position. Preferably, the device comprises a bar for pressing a plurality of strings on to the fingerboard at the chosen position along the fingerboard, means projecting forward of the bar for pressing at least one string ahead of the bar when the device is rotated about the bar, means projecting rearwardly of the bar, or a further rearmost bar which depresses all the strings behind the bar, for pressing at least one string behind the bar when the device is rotated in the opposite direction about the bar, and at least one groove rearwardly of the bar such that, as the bar is rotated, a respective string is released from the bar. The device may be arranged to be held in the fingers of one hand of the player of the instrument. In one embodiment, the device has a hollow section into which at least one of the player's fingers may be inserted, to permit the device to be manipulated in the manner of a guitar 'bottle neck'. Such a device may be slightly conical along its length to compensate for the difficulty of the player applying even pressure across the width of the fingerboard. Alternatively, or additionally, it may comprise a flexible resilient material which moulds itself to the finger or fingers inside the tube or on the topmost outer surface of the generator and resumes its original shape when the finger or fingers is or are removed. The device may be made of any solid material, but is conveniently formed of a plastics material, and this material may be transparent to assist the player in placing the device correctly on the fingerboard. The correct vertical alignment of the device can be indicated by marks on the underside, visible through the transparent body of the device. At least a surface layer of the device may be formed of an elastomeπc material to act as a damper, while the components which project forwardly or rearwardly of the bar to depress strings in front of or behind the bar may be provided with gripping faces, for example of the same elastomeπc material, to contact the strings and ensure that good contact is made without any tendency of the strings to buzz when plucked, strummed or bowed. The device may comprise individual contact members mountable in selected positions on a body portion, for example by sliding the contact members into grooves in the underside of the body portion. The contact members may be formed of resilient plastics material, for example an elastomer, and may be formed with voids therein to increase compressibility, thereby assisting the contact members to press the strings evenly over a curved fingerboard. While the device of the invention is especially suitable for use with guitars and similar instruments, it may be used with other stringed instruments having a fingerboard, for example the violin family of instruments. The device can be made in a range of different sizes to accommodate different fingerboard widths and to take account of different numbers of strings, and of different shapes to accommodate fingerboards which are not flat across their widths, for example those of the violin family of instruments. The device can be made for use from the top of the fingerboard to the bottom generating the same family of chords at each fret point, without alteration or adjustment, in various transpositions. Grooves are preferably formed with rounded sides to accommodate sideways movement across the strings. The grooves may be provided by means of press-off or other readily removable components. The projections forwardly and rearwardly may be formed by slot-in or other readily added components, or by selectively removing integrally-moulded projections to provide the desired combination. The projections may be shaped so as to have a slightly greater diameter towards each end thereof compared with the centre, so as to tend to guide a string towards the centre before pressure is applied, ensuring correct positioning. To assist the user, tuning pipes may be provided with the device to set the tunings in accordance with the particular configuration of the device. The user may also be provided with stickers to attach to the fingerboard to denote the chords. Different gauge strings may be used to restring existing instruments to create the optimum sound for each different open tuning. A plurality of the devices may be attached together to form a cylinder providing many different chord arrangements in one device. A strap, a grip or a glove which is attached to the device may be provided to help hold the device evenly on the fingerboard. A ratchet system may be provided to create grooves when the rearward nodules are pushed into position. The nodules may be cylindrical in shape, but other shapes may be used, for example semi-cylindrical, with the curved surface downwards or upwards, or flat. Brief Description of the Drawings Reference is made to the drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, and in which: Figures 1 and 2 are respectively underneath and top perspective views of a first embodiment; Figures 3 and 4 are corresponding perspective views of a second embodiment; Figure 5 shows a diagrammatic plan view of a device having a first arrangement of projections; Figures 6a to 6i are diagrams showing chords achievable with the device of Figure 5 with a first tuning of the guitar; Figures 7a to 7i are diagrams showing chords achievable with the device of Figure 5, with a second tuning of the guitar; Figure 8 shows a diagrammatic plan view of a device having a second arrangement of projections; Figures 9a to 9f are diagrams showing chords achievable with the device of Figure 8; Figure 10 shows a diagrammatic plan view of a modified form of the device shown in Figure 8; Figures 11 a and 1 1b are diagrams showing additional chords achievable with the modified device of Figure 10; Figures 12 and 13 are diagrammatic plan views illustrating alternative modifications to the device of Figure 8; Figure 14 is a diagrammatic plan view of a device having yet another arrangement of projections; Figures 15a to 151 are diagrams showing chords achievable with the device shown in Figure 14; Figure 16 is a perspective view from below and to one side of yet another embodiment; Figure 17 is a perspective view from below of a further embodiment; Figure 18 is a view from above of the embodiment shown in Figure 17; Figure 1 is a perspective view from below of a still further embodiment; and Figure 20 is a view from above of the embodiment shown in Figure 19. Detailed Description of the illustrated Embodiments Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the device comprises a main cylindrical body 1 having two forward nodules 2 and 3 attached thereto and two rearward nodules 4 and 5. Cut-outs or slots 6 and 7 are formed in the body 1 , aligned with the rearward nodules 4 and 5. As will be seen from Figure 1 , the underside of the device which comes into contact with the guitar strings in use has a region 8 which presses all the strings on to the fingerboard at a particular position (in the case of a guitar, between a particular pair of frets), thus acting as a barre. Rolling the device forward from this position, as shown in Figure 2, depresses two of the strings after the next fret along the fingerboard, raising each string by a semitone. Rolling the device backwards causes the slots 6 and 7 to release two strings (not necessarily the same two strings) from the barre, while the aligned rearward nodules 4 and 5 depress the two strings behind the rear fret of the pair, lowering each string by a semitone (it will be appreciated that the position and shape of any of the nodules, both forward and rearward, may be chosen to depress the strings at a greater distance from the barre, raising or lowering the pitch of the individual string by more than a semitone, if desired). Each of the nodules 2 to 5 is in the form of a short cylinder attached to the body 1. The nodules may be integrally moulded with the body, or attached thereto by glue, screws, or any other fixing means or method. The embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 comprises a series of cylinders attached to each other in such a manner as to form a curve in profile, so that one cylinder may be rotated out of contact with the fingerboard and the next rotated into contact with the same movement. The device has a main cylinder 10 which acts as a barre in the chosen position. Forward of this, the next cylinder 1 1 is partially cut away so that the greater part of the length is semi-cylindrical, with two short cylindrical portions 12 and 13 remaining to act as the nodules of the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. The cylinder 14 attached to the opposite side of the main cylinder 10 has two slots 15 and 16 cut therein so that rotation back on to this cylinder causes only some of the strings to be depressed in the space between the frets, with the strings corresponding to the positions of the slots being depressed beyond the next fret, to lower the pitch by a further semitone, by means of another cylinder 17 behind the slotted cylinder 14, this last forming another barre. Examples of the configurations possible, and their effects, will now be described with reference to Figures 5 to 15. Example 1 In the device illustrated in Figure 5, the forward and rearward nodules act on the same strings, and are separated from each other laterally by two strings between them. Using an open tuning which spans the octave proportionally - Eb G B Eb G B - one can generate seven chords - major chords using the grooves and minor chords using the nodules. At the full bar position, an augmented 5 ,h chord is produced, made up of two major 3 rd intervals. These are illustrated in Figures 6a to 6i. Example 2 The alternative open tuning uses a root position minor chord - Eb Gb Bb Eb Gb Bb - and gives seven very different chords using the same device, as illustrated in Figures 7a to 7i. Example 3 This uses an open tuning of a very well spread minor chord similar to the standard guitar tuning. The strings are tuned to Eb Bb Eb Gb Bb Eb, and the device used (illustrated in Figure 8) has rearward grooves which do not mirror the position of the forward nodules. The grooves are not always all in use, and where one is not in use on the strings, its position is represented in the relevant one (Figure 9b) of Figures 9a to 9d by an asterisk. Further chords may be obtained if some of the strings are not played. Two examples are shown in Figures 9e and 9f, the rectangle indicating the strings which are in use and are to be strummed. The asterisks in Figure 9e represent where a groove and the corresponding full bar position in front of it are not in use, and thus complete the shape of the chord generator map. Example 4 Adding an extra groove and an extra nodule as shown in Figure 10 allows the chords shown in Figures 9e and 9f to be played using all six strings. The resultant device is noticeably longer than the other devices hereinbefore described, all of which are longer than the width of the widest section of the fingerboard. The full chords resulting are illustrated in Figures 1 1 a and 11 b. The grooves are not always in use, and where one is not in use on the strings, its position is shown in the relevant one of Figures 1 1 a or 11 b by an asterisk, as is any missing full bar position which occurs before it, as described hereinbefore in Example 3. Example 5 Another possibility for development of the device is to arrange for it to be usable in two alternative orientations achievable simply by rotating the device through 180° in a horizontal plane. To permit this, the forward nodules must also be provided with recesses between them and the barre position on the device. It will be seen that these recesses will have no effect until the device is rotated, and the forward nodules become the rearward nodules, and vice versa. By rotating the device of Figure 10 through 180°, the configuration shown in Figure 12 is attained. Alternatively, the device may be arranged to be invertable to give further alternative positions. The device will therefore be provided with grooves on the top (where the fingers normally hold it) so that when it is used upside down the rearward nodules can also be used. Further grooves and nodules may also be added to the top of the device to expand the useful chord options further, as illustrated in Figure 13. The two added nodules, with or without grooves, are shown with an asterisk inside. Thus, the chord generator now has the potential to be used in four different positions: Bottom on the fretboard Bottom on the fretboard, rotated through 180° Top on fretboard Top on fretboard, rotated through 180°. It will be understood that what is provided in the top of the chord generator can be different to what is provided on the bottom of the generator. There may be more nodules than grooves to give a better chord choice when the chord generator is used rotated. Grooves may be cut behind some or all of the forward nodules to give a better choice of chords rearwardly when the chord generator is used rotated. The arrangement on each side may be different and the top and bottom configurations may be different. Example 6 In this example, an open tuning of a diminished Vllth chord is used. The strings are tuned to Et? Gb A C Eb Gb. The device as shown in Figure 14 is used, where the grooves and nodules have four horizontal positions each and may be used on six strings to produce a family of 9 full chords at each fret position. Where a groove or nodule is not in use, its position is shown in Figure 1 5 by an asterisk. Figures 1 5a to 151 illustrate the chords achievable. It should be further noted that for a bass guitar tuned E G Bb Db, a generator device with three bars and rearward grooves could play all twelve notes from one position, one at a time, i.e. at the G fret: Gb A C Eb G Bb Db E G# B D F. Figure 16 shows a version of the device constructed in modular form suitable for mass production. The device comprises a body portion 20 formed as a portion of an extruded aluminium section with voids 21 , 22 and 23 therein to save material and weight, and with a handle 24 upstanding from its upper face. The underside of the body portion 20 is generally arcuate in section, with a series of ribs 25 extending along it, the ribs 25 in each pair having a curved channel 26 between them. Each rib 25 has, in cross-section, a generally circular head portion 25a. A plurality of contact members 27, 28, 29 and 30 are fitted on to the underside of the body portion. One contact member 29 serves as a full width barre approximately centrally, while another contact member 27 serves as a second, rearmost, barre. The remaining contact members 28 and 30 are not full width, but are cut away to provide for the pressing of selected strings as the device is rocked backwards and forwards about the central barre 29. In the case of contact member 28, a slot is cut corresponding to the position of at least one string, while on contact member 30, all but a short length is cut away so as selectively to depress only one string when the device is rotated forward. The contact members 27-30 are extruded from an elastomeπc material. The extrusion is provided with a main internal void 31 to improve the resilience of the lowermost surface thereof so as to mould to the shape of the fingerboard or neck of the instrument, in use, and has a formation 32 along its upper face to receive one of the ribs 25 and to fit into the channels 26 on either side thereof. Voids 33 in the formation 32 improve the compressibility and so assist in fitting the members 27-30 into the channels 26 and holding them in the desired position laterally. As will be seen from Figure 1 6, the extrusion may be cut to any desired configuration to press on one or more strings, and other configurations than those illustrated may be adopted, for example for use with different tunings. The contact members may be positioned on any of the ribs 25 according to the spacing of the frets on the stringed instrument on which it is to be used or, more relevantly, especially where the fingerboard is fretted, according to the portion along the fingerboard. Because the position of the remaining part of the contact members 30 beneath the body portion cannot readily be seen by the user, a marker strip 34 can be slid on to a shaped formation 35 along one side of the body portion 20 to a longitudinal position corresponding to the portion of the contact member 30. It will be appreciated that the handle could alternatively be formed as a separate plastics moulding to be slid into a groove in the upper face of the body portion 20. The contact members 27-30 can be formed with different lower profiles, and of materials of different hardness, according to the instrument on which they are to be used. The device may be made wider than the width of the fingerboard, to allow for lateral movement to provide different chord formations. Figures 17 and 18 illustrate a simplified version of the device shown in Figure 16. The body portion 40 is formed as a portion of an extended aluminium section with a generally arcuate cross-section having on the convex side six channels 41 defined between seven ribs 42, each having an enlarged head portion 43. A plurality of contact members 44, 45, 46 and 47 are fitted on to the underside of the body portion 40. Two contact members 44 and 47 serve as full width barres while the central members 45 and 46 are spaced apart across the width of the device so as to leave at least one string free when the members 45 and 46 are pressed on to the strings in the neck of a guitar. The contact members 44 - 47 are generally similar to these described with reference to Figure 16 and will therefore not be described here further. The upper side of the device, as may be seen from Figure 18, is provided with a compressible pad 48, for example of expanded elastomenc material, for comfort in use, and a loop of cord or elastic material 49 is provided, into which the users' middle finger may be inserted to assist in holding the device. It may also be shaped to conform with the shape of fingers grasping the device. The device shown in Figures 19 and 20 is a variant on that shown in Figures 17 and 18. The body portion 50 is formed as a portion of an extended aluminium section with a generally arcuate cross-section having on the convex side seven channels 51 defined between eight ribs 52, each having an enlarged head portion 53. The contact members 54-57 are each formed as a section of an extruded elastomeπc tube having opposed sides indented to form grooves 58 which conform with the shapes of the head portions 53. Each contact member slides into one of the channels 51. The upper side of the device, as may be seen from Figure 20, is provided with a T-shaped compressible pad 59, for example of expanded elastomenc material, for comfort in use, and a loop of cord or elastic material 49, as in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 17 and 18.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A device for forming chords on stringed musical instruments of the type having a fingerboard, the device comprising means for pressing a plurality of strings on to the fingerboard at a chosen position along the fingerboard, the device being rotatable about said means to raise the pitch of at least one string and to lower the pitch of at least one string relative to the pitch achievable by said means pressing the respective string at the chosen position. 2. A device according to Claim 1, wherein the pitch is raised or lowered by at least one semitone. 3. A device according to Claim 1 or 2, comprising a bar for pressing a plurality of strings on to the fingerboard at the chosen position, means projecting forward of the bar for pressing at least one string ahead of the bar when the device is rotated about the bar, means projecting rearwardly of the bar for pressing at least one string behind the bar when the device is rotated in the opposite direction about the bar, and at least one groove rearwardly of the bar such that, as the bar is rotated, a respective string is released from the bar. 4. A device according to Claim 3, wherein the means projecting rearwardly comprises a further rearmost bar which depresses all the strings behind the bar. 5. A device according to any preceding claim, comprising a hollow section into which, in use, at least one of the player's fingers may be inserted. 6. A device according to Claim 5, which is generally conical along its length. 7. A device according to Claim 5 or 6, comprising a flexible resilient material inside the hollow section and/or on the topmost outer surface of the device. 8. A device according to any preceding claim, formed of a plastics material. 9. A device according to Claim 8, at least partly formed of a transparent plastics material. 10. A device according to any preceding claim, wherein the means for pressing the strings are provided with a surface of an elastomeric material. 11. A device according to any preceding claim, comprising a body portion to which separate components, for pressing strings or providing grooves for the passage of strings, may be removably attached. 12. A device according to Claim 1 1 , wherein the separate components are a sliding fit into grooves provided on the underside of the body portion. 13. A device according to Claim 12, wherein the separate components are formed of resiliently compressible materials. 14. A device according to Claim 13, wherein the separate components are formed with voids therein to increase compressibility. 15. A device according to any of Claims 1 1 to 14, wherein the separate components are formed by extension.

Inventors: WELLS COLIN, WELLS, COLIN
Applicants: WELLS COLIN, WELLS, COLIN
Application year: 1998
Main classification: G10D3
IPC codes: G10D3, G10G1