OPTICALLY PUMPED COMPACT LASER RESONATOR

Abstract: A system and a method of designing and mechanical packaging of pumped laser resonator elements to minimize their size. All the elements of the compact pumped laser resonator assembly (5) are placed on a monolithic block mount (10), which substitutes for and functions as a laser diode heatsink, a laser resonator cavity mount, and an optical bench. The laser optical cavity is in the form of a laser path (11) defined within the monolithic block mount (10), and includes a plurality of bends (40) in order to decrease the size of the assembly. The laser resonator optical elements include fold prisms (22, 24), a reflector (38), a retroreflector (32) and an intracavity optical Q-switch (30). The resultant miniaturized diode array pumped laser resonator assembly has a volume of less than one cubic inch and dimensions less than or equal to about 30 mm x 25 mm x 13 mm in metric units, and weighs less than two ounces or 56 g, while providing a laser power of more than 1 mJ. The compact pumped laser resonator is preferably manufactured by machining the monolithic block mount (10) using a computer-controlled machine, to generate a plurality of component mounts with a substantially identical setup and tolerances, in order to keep the laser resonator self-aligned.

Description: OPTICALLY PUMPED COMPACT LASER RESONATOR FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to the field of pumped laser resonator assemblies and more particularly to their mechanical packaging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART A laser pumphead assembly conventionally consists of a laser resonator cavity, mounted on one heatsink, and a pumping energy source mounted on another, relatively large, heatsink. Optical elements are mounted on additional optical mounts and are combined with the laser pumphead assembly to create a pumped laser resonator assembly. Therefore, conventional diode array pumped laser resonator assemblies are made of several separate subsystems, each mounted on its own mount, which creates many thermal barriers and requires additional cooling systems, thus making presently known systems large, heavy, complex, inflexible and expensive. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of designing and mechanical packaging of the laser resonator elements, and to a compact pumped laser resonator assembly, having multiple elements integrated on a monolithic block mount, which preferably functions as a laser diode heatsink, laser resonator cavity mount, and an optical bench. An overall object of the present invention is to simplify the design of a pumped laser resonator assembly while at the same time providing good heat dissipation, laser output efficiency, and laser diode array life. In accordance with one specific aspect, the present invention facilitates a miniaturized pumped laser resonator assembly utilizing only one mounting block for all its elements, which is easy to assemble, very convenient to operate, and adaptable to different needs and uses, without requiring extraneous mount blocks, cooling systems, mounting brackets and the like, as are used in conventional systems. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of designing and mechanical packaging of pumped laser resonator elements to minimize their size to thereby provide a relatively compact pumped laser resonator assembly which may be manufactured by machining a monolithic block mount using a computer-controlled machine to generate a plurality of component mounts with a substantially identical setup and tolerances, in order to keep the laser resonator self-aligned. Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a pumped laser resonator assembly in which all the elements are placed on the top of a monolithic block mount, which substitutes for and functions as a laser diode heatsink, a laser resonator cavity mount, and an optical bench. The laser optical cavity preferably is provided with a plurality of bends, in order to decrease the size of the assembly, and the laser resonator optical elements preferably includes fold prisms or corner cubes, a reflector, a retroreflector and an intracavity optical Q-switch. Still another aspect of the present invention is a miniaturized diode array pumped laser resonator assembly, using a miniature monolithic block mount and having a volume of less than about one cubic inch (about 15 cm 3 ) and dimensions preferably not more than about 30mm x 25mm x 13mm in metric units, and weighing less than two ounces (about 55g), while providing a laser power of more than 1 mJ, thereby creating a miniaturized, highly efficient diode array pumped laser resonator assembly that can provide very high laser energy output in a very small physical volume. The foregoing and additional features and advantages of this invention will become further apparent from the detailed description and accompanying drawing figures that follow. In the figures and written description, numerals indicate the various features of the invention, like numerals referring to like features, throughout for the drawing figures and the written description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a diode array pumped laser resonator assembly, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a top view of the diode array pumped laser resonator assembly presented in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a laser rod, laser diode array, and optical elements used in the assembly presented in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the diode array pumped laser resonator assembly presented in Fig. 1 , showing the relative placement of all optical elements mounted on the pumped laser resonator assembly monolithic block mount. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the design and mechanical packaging of a laser medium, laser pumping energy source, laser resonator optical elements and their mounts to provide a compact, often miniature, system suitable for many commercial and military laser applications. Laser resonator components are well known in the art and do not need to be described here or be shown in detail. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a pumped laser resonator assembly 5, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. The pumped laser resonator assembly 5 can be pumped by a laser diode array 8 and is created using another aspect of the present invention, which is a method of designing and mechanical packaging of the pumped laser resonator assembly 5. In accordance with the method aspects of the present invention, a laser pumphead 6 , a source of pumping energy such as laser diode array 8, and the laser resonator optical elements are combined on a same monolithic block 10 mount to create a pumped laser resonator assembly 5. Instead of using the laser diode array 8, a laser rod 12 could be pumped with a flashlamp or another energy source. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the physical dimensions of the pumped laser resonator components, including a laser optical cavity (represented as a laser path 1 ), and the monolithic block mount 10 are miniaturized, separate mounts. For this aspect of the present invention relating to the miniature pumped laser resonator assemblies, the laser pumping energy source should be the laser diode array 8, due to its small size. As is illustrated in Fig. 1 , the monolithic block mount 10 is a simple mount which combines all functions of otherwise separate elements, such as heatsink, optical mounts and laser resonator cavity mount, in one pumped laser resonator monolithic block, Monolithic block mount 10. can be made of any metallic material, such as copper, aluminum, magnesium or titanium, which permits good heat dissipation. The laser diode array 8 is directly mounted on a smooth top surface of the pumped laser resonator monolithic block mount 10 to permit heat flow from laser diode junction to the base of the pumped laser resonator monolithic block mount 10. This arrangement lowers the laser diode junction temperature, thus increasing the laser diode operating life very significantly. The present invention allows placement of more than one laser diode array 8 on the pumped laser resonator monolithic block mount 10, in various configuration modes, to provide higher laser energy. For example, the laser diode array 8 bars can, possibly, be stacked on top of each other, and their energy can be focused on the laser rod 12 by using a focusing lens, not shown. The laser diode array 8 bars can also be staggered in one line, but then the laser bar 12 has to be made longer, which will increase the size of the pumped laser resonator assembly 5. Fig. 1 also illustrates one way of providing the required voltage to the laser diode array 8, using a diode anode 14 and a diode cathode 16, placed directly on the monolithic block mount 10 and adjacent to the laser diode array 8. The laser rod 12 is placed adjacent to the laser diode array 8, close to the middle to the top surface of the monolithic block mount 10, and is held in its place on by a laser rod clamp 18. In addition, two optical elements are shown in Fig. 1 , a first fold prism 22 and a second fold prism 24, to thereby provide a folded laser optical path 11. Prisms 22, 24 are placed on the side of the monolithic block mount 10 opposite from the laser diode array 8 side, at the opposite ends of the laser optical path 11. Instead of the first and second fold prisms 22, 24, several mirrors can be used, but with additional alignment problems and increased cost. As shown, the first fold prism 22 is in the form of a corner cube element, and the second fold prism 24 is in the form of a double fold prism. The second fold prism 24 can be eliminated, in which case the shape of the assembly 5 becomes narrower and longer with only two bends 40. Fig. 2 is a top view of the diode array pumped laser resonator assembly 5 presented in Fig. 1 , showing a first fold prism mount 26 and a second fold prism mount 28, for the attachment of the first and second fold prisms 22, 24. In addition, Fig. 2 illustrates the positions of a Q-switch 30, a retroreflector 32 and a retroreflector mount 34. All three optical element mounts, the first fold prism mount 26, the second fold prism mount 28 and the retroreflector mount 34, are attached to the monolithic block mount 10 and are made of spring material, such as steel, beryllium, copper, phosphorus or bronze, to hold the optical elements, including the first and second fold prisms 22, 24, the Q-switch 30, and the retroreflector 32, clamped at the same location and prevent their movement, in order to keep the laser rod 12 self-aligned. Moreover, the mounts 26, 28 and 34 are preferably made using paralleled machining technique to facilitate the laser rod 12 alignment. The Q-switch 30 and a reflector 38 are attached at an input end of the laser optical path 11 and the retroreflector 32 is attached at an output end of the laser optical path 11. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a pumped laser optical assembly 36, showing the laser rod 12, the laser diode array 8, and the arrangement of the optical elements of the present invention, including the first and second fold prisms 22, 24, the Q-switch 30, and the retroreflector 32, used to form the pumped laser resonator assembly 5 presented in Figs. 1 and 2. In addition, Fig. 3 shows the reflector 38 and the unique shape of the laser optical path 11 , which in one aspect of the present invention has two parallel levels, is bent six times and has seven optical bends 40, in order to minimize the physical length of the pumped laser resonator assembly 5 and still provide required optical length of the laser optical path 11. In addition, it is conceivable that additional optical elements can be mounted on the same monolithic block mount 10, like a plano- convex lens, not shown, which can be added after the retroreflector 32 in order to produce a collimated laser beam, if required. Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the diode array pumped laser resonator assembly 5 presented in Figs. 1 and 2, showing the relative placement of all its optical elements mounted on the pumped laser resonator assembly monolithic block mount 10. In the present invention, the laser rod 12 has two smooth flat parallel surfaces and two concave surfaces, along the laser optical path 11 , and is attached close to the input end of the laser optical path 11 , which ends with the Q-switch 30 and a reflector 38. The concave surfaces of the laser rod 12 are coated with the appropriate material to allow for internal reflection and transmission of laser energy. However, another type of laser rod without the concave surfaces could be used instead, which would require placement of two additional concave reflectors, for example, a concave reflector and a retroreflector, placed outside the laser rod 12. The flat surfaces of the laser rod 12 of the present invention are sandwiched between the smooth flat top surface of the pumped laser resonator monolithic block mount 10 and the bottom surface of the laser rod clamp 18 covered with a thin indium foil 42. This design allows direct heat transfer from the laser rod 12 to the pumped laser resonator monolithic block mount 10 and the laser rod clamp 18. In addition, the monolithic block mount 10 keeps the laser rod 12 self-aligned. The thin indium foil 42 is about 0 005 inches thick, soft and changes its thickness when compressed between the laser rod 12 and the laser rod clamp 18 which helps in keeping the laser rod 12 and the laser diode array 8 in self-aligned position and within required tolerances The thin indium foil 42 also reduces thermal resistance between the laser rod 12 and the laser rod clamp 18 and, therefore, the heat transfer of the laser rod 12 is very efficient An additional thin indium foil could be placed on the other side of the laser rod 12 in order to protect the laser rod 12 from overheating and abrasion Moreover, the laser rod clamp 18 could be replaced with a spring load, not shown In the present invention, the laser diode array 8 is cooled passively and very efficiently by the monolithic block mount 10 itself, used instead of a heatsink, which means that no additional cooling systems are needed The method of mounting the laser diode array 8 directly onto the monolithic block mount 10 acting as a heatsink greatly reduces the thermal resistance of the pumped laser resonator assembly 5, thus improving cooling of the laser diode array 8 and increasing the laser diode array 8 efficiency and life In the present invention, heat dissipated by laser diode array 8 is transferred through a very short heat path through the monolithic block mount 10, acting as a heatsink, to an outside mounting surface of the monolithic block mount 10 Because passive cooling is utilized, the pumped laser resonator assembly 5 has a uniform pumping profile with a very short thermal resistance path, and maintains minimum diode junction temperature In addition, the monolithic block mount 10 provides direct mount of the laser rod 12 to a smooth co-planar surface of the monolithic block mount 10, thus keeping the temperature of the laser rod 12 low and uniform Further, the monolithic block mount 10 provides self-alignment of the laser rod 12, due to the fact that the whole monolithic block mount 0 can be machined using the same setup and using a computer-controlled numerical control machining process, which is a preferred method of the present invention. Therefore, all required tolerances of parallelism, perpendicularity and surface profiles, needed to keep the laser rod 12, Q-switch 30, reflector 38, retroreflector 32, and fold prisms 22, 24 in place, are made to be the same, and the laser rod 12 is self-aligned without any additional extraneous systems. The diode array pumped laser resonator 5 preferably has a weight of less than 2 ounces (or 56 g), a volume smaller than 1 cubic inch (15cm3), and dimensions not more than about 30mm x 25mm x 13mm, and provides with more than 1 mJ of laser output. Combining all the separate mounts into one, miniature block mount 10, reduces the number of laser parts, thus creating a light weight, small volume diode array pumped laser resonator assembly 5, most desirable in hand-held systems. The miniaturized a diode array pumped laser resonator assembly 5 can be applied to various laser systems, in commercial and military applications. Potential commercial applications include automobiles range finders, detection and collision avoidance systems, and rifle aiming devices and the like, used for detecting target range for police work and for some sports, like hunting. While this invention has been described with reference to its presently preferred embodiment(s), its scope is only limited insofar as defined by the following set of claims and all equivalents thereof.

Claims: What is claimed is CLAIMS 1 A compact pumped laser resonator assembly (5), comprising a mount (10), a laser pumphead (6) secured to the mount (10), and a plurality of laser resonator optical elements secured to the mount (10), wherein the mount (10) is a monolithic block defining a laser resonator the monolithic block mount (10) functions as a heatsink for facilitating heat dissipation and power efficiency in a relatively compact assembly and the monolithic block mount (10) functions as an optical bench for keeping the optical elements and the laser pumphead (6) self-aligned relative to a laser optical path (11 ) defined within the monolithic block mount (10), 2 The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of laser resonator optical elements comprises a fold prism, a reflector (38), a retroreflector (32) and an intracavity optical Q-switch (30), the laser optical path (11 ) has a plurality of bends (40), and at least some of said bends (40) are defined by the fold prism 3 The assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plurality of laser resonator optical elements comprises a first fold prism (22), a second fold prism (24), a reflector (38), a retroreflector (32), and an intracavity optical Q-switch (30), the laser optical path (11 ) has a plurality of bends (40), some of said bends (40) are located in the first fold prism (22) and some of said bends (40) are located in the second fold prism (24). 4. The assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said compact pumped laser resonator assembly (5) is a miniaturized diode array pumped laser resonator assembly (5), and said mount (10) is a miniaturized monolithic block. 5. The assembly as claimed in claim 4 wherein said miniaturized diode array pumped laser resonator assembly (5) including said miniaturized monolithic block mount (10): have a combined external dimension of not more than about 30mm x 25mm x 13mm, have a combined weight of less than 56 g, and provide a laser power of more than 1 mJ. 6. The assembly as claimed in any proceeding claim, wherein the laser pumphead (6) comprises a laser rod (12) and at least one laser pumping element (8). 7. The assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein the laser rod (12) is protected with a thin indium foil (42) from abrasion and excessive heat. 8. The assembly as claimed in claims 6 or 7, wherein the at least one laser pumping element is a laser diode array (8). 9. The assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the assembly further comprises a laser rod clamp (18), a laser diode array mount, and a plurality of laser resonator optical element mounts, said laser rod clamp, said laser diode array mount, and said laser resonator optical element mounts are individual component mounts integrally formed with said monolithic block mount (10), and the laser rod (12) is sandwiched between the laser rod clamp and the monolithic block mount. 10. A method of packaging of a pumped laser resonator assembly of any of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: forming the monolithic block mount (10); and mounting the plurality of laser resonator optical elements on the monolithic block mount (10). 11. The method of packaging of a pumped laser resonator assembly in accordance with claims 9 and 10, wherein the forming step comprises machining the monolithic block mount (10) using a computer-controlled machine to generate each of the individual component mounts with a substantially identical setup and tolerances, and the mounting step comprises fixedly mounting each of the laser resonator elements onto a respective said individual component mount.

Inventors: PALOMBO MARIO P, PATEL ASHOK B, PALOMBO, MARIO, P., PATEL, ASHOK, B.
Applicants: RAYTHEON CO, RAYTHEON COMPANY
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H01S3
IPC codes: H01S3