INSTRUMENT AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID

Abstract: A moving element (3) can be oscillated into variously inclined positions about a horizontal axis (X-X) with respect to a base structure (1); on said moving element (3) there is provided at least one housing (7) to accommodate a container (9) of the test tube or equivalent type, which is sealable and whose longitudinal extension is orthogonal to said horizontal axis (X-X); a system of optical reading (14) by transparency through said container (9) makes it possible to determine the presence of an air bubble which reaches the higher end of the container, after said container has been inclined upward.

Description: INSTRUMENT AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID DESCRIPTION The invention relates to the possibility of measuring the viscosity of a liquid, for biological examinations and other purposes, in a particularly simple and rapid way. One subject of the invention is a method of measurement which is based on the determination of the kinematic parameters of the motion of a gas bubble in the liquid to be examined, particularly a liquid contained in a container having a delimited dimension in the direction along which the bubble moves; the motion takes place under the action of the force of gravity, the fluid pressure and viscoelastic forces, but movement caused by the centrifugal effect may also be provided. Another subject of the invention is an instrument for measuring the viscosity of a liquid. Said instrument - for measuring the viscosity of a liquid - comprises, in combination: - on a base structure, a moving element which can be rotated and/or oscillated into variously inclined positions; on said moving element, at least one housing to accommodate a container such as a test tube or equivalent, which can be sealed and whose longitudinal extension is such that it can be oriented variously downward or upward with respect to the axis of oscillation; a system of optical reading by transparency through said container or each of said containers for monitoring the position of an air bubble, particularly at the instant at which it reaches the highest end of the container when its inclination has been changed; - an instrument for measuring the time elapsed between significant events. Said system or each of said systems of optical reading may be disposed on said moving element. In particular, said system of optical reading may be carried by a cursor which is slidable along the longitudinal extension of the container, and may be associated with a system of measuring the height of the free level of the liquid. A drive system, of the endless screw or similar type, may be provided for said cursor of the system of optical reading. A drive system may also be provided for the oscillation of said moving element carrying the container or containers of the test tube type or similar. A container of the test tube type may be formed advantageously - but not necessarily - with a flattened cross section whose greater dimension is parallel to the horizontal axis of oscillation of said moving element. The invention will be more clearly understood from the description and the attached drawing, which shows a practical non-restrictive embodiment of the invention. In the drawing, Fig. 1 shows a side view, in partial section, of an instrument with a single container of the test tube type; Fig. 2 shows a schematic plan view through ll-ll in Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3 shows a view from the line Ill-Ill in Fig. 1 , with the oscillating moving element in various positions; Fig. 4 shows, in a schematic plan view, an embodiment of the instrument having a plurality of containers of the test tube type; Figs. 5 and 6 show separately a container or test tube in two measuring positions. According to the illustrations in the attached drawing, with reference initially to Figs. 1 - 3, the numeral 1 indicates a base structure, which may also be associated with another set of instruments for similar analyses. A moving element 3 is pivoted on said base structure about a horizontal axis X- X and can be rotated and/or oscillated by means of a drive system 5 capable of making the moving element 3 take up one or other of various angular positions. The moving element 3 has a housing 7 capable of accommodating and retaining a container of the test tube type 9, which may be of the same type as those used for other systems of analysis, for example for the determination of the rate of erythrosedimentation, with the cavity of the container usually having a cross section which is advantageously but not necessary rectangular as indicated by 9A; said rectangular section may advantageously be oriented with the greater dimension parallel to the axis X- X, suitable references being provided for the positioning of the test tube in the housing 7. The container 9 may be sealed by a plug 9B. The moving element 3 also comprises guide means 3A extending parallel to the axis of the housing 7 and to the longitudinal extension of the container of the test tube type 9 and consequently with a high inclination with respect to the axis X-X of oscillation of the moving element 3 or actually orthogonal to said axis. A cursor 12 may slide on the guide means 3A and may reach a position 12X, close to the axis X-X as shown by the solid lines in Fig. 1 , and a position 12 which is more remote from the axis X-X and is indicated by the indicating line in Fig. 1 , at the end of the container of the test tube type 9. The cursor 12 carries a pair of interacting sensor elements 14, which are disposed on opposite sides of the container of the test tube type 9 and which form part of the reading system for detecting the position of an air bubble inside the container of the test tube type 9. The cursor 12 can be slid from the position 12X indicated in solid lines in Fig. 1 and brought closer to the axis X-X, to a position 12Y which is more remote from said axis X-X, such as that indicated by an indicating line in Fig. 1. The movement of the cursor 12 may be imparted by a drive system 16, which drives a threaded shaft 18 which is engaged with a female thread carried by the cursor 12. The container of the test tube type 9 is partially filled with the liquid to be examined for determination of the viscosity, and is sealed in such a way that it still has an air bubble inside the container. When the moving element 3 with the container of the test tube type 9 is in the vertical configuration or in any case oriented downward, the height of the liquid inside the container can be read by moving the cursor 12. When the viscosity is to be measured, the sensor 14 is brought, with the two parts which are located on either side of the container of the test tube type, to a position 14L near the bottom of the container of the test tube type 9, by a movement away from the axis of oscillation X-X. The oscillating moving element 3 is then inclined, by means of the drive system 5 or by another appropriate method, to one or another of a plurality of angular positions, pre-selected for measurement by a movement with respect to the starting position shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and in any case such that the test tube is raised with its base oriented upward. The rotation takes place with a specific angular velocity determined by the drive system 5. The initial position of the container of the test tube type is shown in Fig. 5; the sensors 14 may be in the position 14K or already in the position 14L In the rotated condition of the moving element 3, and therefore with a specific inclination of the container of the test tube type 9, with the end which is moved from the lowest position shown in Figs. 1 and 5 to a position above the level of the axis of oscillation X-X (Fig. 6), there is a movement of the air bubble B along the test tube and through the liquid, over a period which depends on the viscosity of the liquid contained in the test tube, and also on the size of the contained air bubble and on other physical parameters. When the high position is reached (near the base of the test tube 9 which is oriented upward), this is detected by the sensors 14 (located in the position 14L) which are sensitive to the variations of transmission of the signal which passes through the container of the test tube type 9 and the liquid or the gas of the bubble, which is located between the two sensors 14. From a series of parameters - which depend on the inclination imparted to the test tube, on the size of the air bubble, and also, obviously, on the temperature and on the quantity of liquid, on the length of travel of the bubble, on the adhesive forces, on the density of the liquid, and other factors - it is possible to determine the viscosity of the liquid contents of the test tube, as has been discovered and confirmed by comparative tests carried out additionally with other viscometers of known types, but far more complicated than the instrument described above. An instrument similar to that described may be prepared to carry out a plurality of simultaneous measurements, by providing in the moving element 103, which is suitably shaped as shown in Fig. 4 for example, a plurality of housings for test tubes 9 positioned parallel to each other and by providing corresponding pluralities of pairs of sensor elements 114, to carry out the optical determinations in the individual test tubes. It is to be understood that the drawing shows only an example provided solely as a practical demonstration of the invention, and that this invention may vary in its forms and dispositions without departing from the scope of the guiding concept of the invention. The presence of any reference numerals in the attached claims has the purpose of facilitating the reading of the claims with reference to the description and to the drawing, and does not limit the scope of protection represented by the claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An instrument for measuring the viscosity of a liquid, characterized in that it comprises the following in combination: on a base structure (1), a moving element (3) which can be oscillated to variously inclined positions about a horizontal axis (X-X); on said moving element (3), at least one housing (7) to accommodate a container (9) of the test tube type or equivalent, which is sealable and whose longitudinal extension is orthogonal or inclined with respect to said horizontal axis (X-X); and also a system of optical reading (14) by transparency through said container or each of said containers (9), for the determination of the presence of an air bubble which reaches the higher end of the inclined container; and also an instrument for measuring time and for measuring the spatial travel of the bubble. 2. The instrument as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that said system or systems of optical reading (14) are disposed on said moving element (3). 3. The instrument as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said system of optical reading (14) is carried by a cursor (12) which is slidable along the longitudinal extension of the container (9). 4. The instrument as claimed at least in claim 3, characterized in that said cursor is associated with a system of measuring the height of the column of liquid in the container (9). 5. The instrument as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises a drive system (16, 18) of the endless screw or similar type, for the said cursor (12) of the system of optical reading. 6. The instrument as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a drive system (5) for the rotation and/or oscillation of said moving element (3). 7. The instrument as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container of the test tube type (9) is shaped with a flattened cross section (9A), whose greater dimension is parallel to said horizontal axis (X-X) of oscillation of said moving element (3). 8) A method of measuring the viscosity of a liquid, characterized in that it is based on the determination of the kinematic parameters of the motion of a gas bubble in the liquid to be examined, particularly when the liquid is contained in a container having a delimited dimension in the direction in which the bubble moves, the movement taking place under the action of the force of gravity, the fluid pressure and the viscoelastic forces. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a movement caused by the centrifugal effect is also provided.

Inventors: PRATELLESI TIZIANO, RICCI ANTONIO, PRATELLESI, TIZIANO, RICCI, ANTONIO
Applicants: DIESSE DIAGNOSTICA, PRATELLESI TIZIANO, RICCI ANTONIO, DIESSE DIAGNOSTICA SENESE S.R.L., PRATELLESI, TIZIANO, RICCI, ANTONIO
Application year: 1998
Main classification: G01N11
IPC codes: G01N11