Plated non-conductive products and plating method for the same

Abstract: Object A method of forming a plate layer with extremely high adhesiveness on a surface of a non-conductive product. Solution A method of plating a non-conductive product comprising the steps of: forming a coating film on necessary portions of a surface of the non-conductive product with a conductive paint having the following composition of solid ingredients: (A) resin vehicles 20 to 80 weight % (B) conductive whisker 80 to 20 weight %, and executing electroless plating on a surface of the coating film, or a method for improving adhesiveness of a plate layer by forming , when forming a coating film, microvoids in a surface of the coating film.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to plated non-conductive products and a plating method for the same, and more particularly to plated non-conductive products used in vehicles, computer-related machines, office equipment or the like and a plating method for the same. PRIOR ART Of non-conductive products, for instance, resin products molded by injection molding are generally subjected to surface processing to give glitter and brightness to the surface. For that purpose, there have been employed a method of depositing metal on a surface of a non-conductive product in vacuum, a method of sputtering metal, or a method of electroless plating, or the like, and in some applications, actual needs are satisfied by any of the methods described above, but in other applications, high durability of products is required, and in that case additionally electroplating is required. A non-conductive product does not have conductivity, and for plating a non-conductive product, processing is required for converting a surface of the non-conductive product to a conductive one. In that case, at first, a surface of the non-conductive product is cleaned, then etched, subjected to such processing as catalyzing, and further subjected to electroless plating, and the processing sequence is quite complicated. In contrast, there has been proposed a method of applying a conductive paint on a surface of a non-conductive product and then subjecting the product to electroplating. The conductive paint is generally produced by dispersing an active and conduction metallic material or a conductive organic material in a composition containing a resin vehicle, an organic solvent, a stabilizer, a dispersant, a plasticizer or the like, and a coating film formed with the conductive paint can endure severe environmental conditions. However, if resin constituting a molded product to be painted is polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyamide (PA) or the like, a paint hardly adheres to the surface, so that there are some restrictions in selection of resin for producing molded products. To overcome this problem, for improving adhesiveness of resin to a surface of a molded product, the so-called two-coat painting is often carried out in which polymer painting is executed to a molded products and then a conductive paint is applied to the surface. Further, in a case of conductive paints currently used, there are problems such as that adhesiveness between a conductive coating film as the foundation and a plate layer is weak, and that durability of the plate layer is not sufficient, and for this reason there are some restrictions when the product subjected to the processing described above is used in a severe outdoor environment. So it has been desired to develop a conductive paint for so-called the one-coat painting which receives no restriction in the performance nor in function thereof and can be applied in a wide range in the field of decorative or functional plating, and also which can directly be applied to the foundation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention was made to solve the problem described above, and it is an object of the present invention to develop a conductive paint capable of forming a coating film with extremely high adhesiveness to a plate layer and a method of using the same, and to provide products realized by the conductive paint and the method. Means for Solving the Problem The present inventors made strenuous efforts for solving the problem described above, found out that a coating film formed with a conductive paint with a conductive whisker mixed therein at a prespecified rate has extremely high adhesiveness with a plate layer, and made the present invention. Namely the present invention relates to a plating method for non-conductive products in which a coating film is formed in each required portion with a conductive paint containing solid ingredients at the following ratios: (A) resin vehicle 20 - 80 weight % (B) conductive whisker 80 - 20 weight % and electroless plating is executed to a surface of the coating film, and to plated non-conductive products obtained by the method. The present invention also relates to a method of plating non-conductive products in which additionally electroplating is executed in some applications. Embodiment for Carrying out the Present Invention In this invention, non-conductive products are defined as such products as those having a high electrical resistance and practically used as electrically insulating materials including resin, rubber, wood, glass, and cloth. The resin vehicle used as an ingredient of a coating film used in the conductive paint according to the present invention is a coating film ingredient which has been used in the conventional types of synthetic resin paints. Examples of an element for forming a coating film as one of ingredients of the coating film include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, saturated polyester resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer resin, vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, styrene - butadiene copolymer resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin or a mixture thereof. Of these, the vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin, and vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - vinyl alcohol copolymer resin are preferable, and that simultaneously containing the vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate -maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, or a saturated or unsaturated polyester resin is especially preferable. Also as a coating film ingredient, in addition to the coating film forming element as described above, pigment and such an agent as a plasticizer, a dispersant, a hardener, and a stabilizer as an supplementary element for a coating film may be used according to the necessity. Further various types of organic solvent are used as a supplementary element for forming a coating film, but solvents for synthetic resin paints conventionally used may be used. The solvents include a solvent based on aliphatic hydrocarbons, a solvent based on aromatic hydrocarbons, a solvent based on alcohol, a solvent based on an ester, and a solvent based on ketone, and a mixture thereof. The conductive whisker used in the present invention is produced by covering a fibrous or needle-shaped monocrystal of a metal oxide or an inorganic salt with a conductive material. A fibrous or needle-shaped monocrystal is often used. Examples of the fibrous or needle-shaped monocrystal of a metal oxide or an inorganic salt include those of sapphire, silicon carbide, potassium titanate, aluminium borate, and the potassium titanate and aluminium borate are especially preferable. The conductive whisker with a fiber diameter in a range from 0.1 to 100 µm and a fiber length in a range from 0.5 to 200 µm are preferable, and that with a fiber diameter in a range from 0.3 to 15 µm and a fiber length in a range from 10 to 20 µm is especially preferable. Such a material as silver or tin oxide may be used as the conductive material used for covering the whisker. A quantity of the material used for covering the whisker is not specifically restricted so far as conductivity is given to the whisker. To advantageously achieve the object of the present invention, however, it is preferable that a surface resistance value of conductive whisker is in a range from 10° to 10 -3 Ω · cm (when measured with the Rorester MCP tester from Mitsubishi Yuka K. K). The resin vehicle and conductive whisker can be mixed with each other by solving the resin vehicle in an organic solvent as a supplementary element for forming a coating film and adding the conductive whisker in the solution. The mixing ratio of each component changes according to a type of resin vehicle used in an application, but generally the resin vehicle is in a range from 20 to 80 weight %, and the conductive whisker is in a range from 80 to 20 weight %, and when a percentage of the resin vehicle is less than 20 weight %, the mixture is rather solid and can not easily be handled, and also when a percentage of the resin vehicle is over 80 weight %, the adhesiveness to a plate layer is not sufficient. Preferably a percentage of resin vehicle is in a range from 40 to 60 weight %, and that of the conductive whisker is in a range from 60 to 40 weight %. Also in the method according to the present invention, a conductive paint shows its effect especially when a coating film is formed directly on a surface of a non-conductive product, but the conductive paint may be applied after a surface of a non-conductive product is subjected to the processing for activating it or for other purpose like in the conventional technology. Adhesiveness of plating executed subsequently can be improved by diluting the conductive paint in an organic solvent, then spraying the solvent containing the conductive paint for coating, and finally drying the coating film. In this case, a thickness of the dried coating film is preferably in a range from 1 to 100 µ m, and more preferably in a range from 5 to 25 µm. It is preferable to dry the product by leaving it under the room temperature for 2 to 15 minutes and then maintaining the produce under a temperature from 70 to 90°C for 10 to 60 minutes. In this step, a diameter of each microvoid formed due to the conductive whisker mixed therein advantageously expands because of gasification of a solvent in the coating film or for some other reasons, and adhesiveness of the plate layer becomes higher. Especially the adhesiveness with a plate layer is remarkably improved especially when a paint produced by blending whisker with an aspect ratio in a range from 10 to 20 and a fiber length of 5 µ m or less with a filler for resin vehicle at a blending ration of 50 to 60 weight % and kneading the mixture is mixed with polyisocyanate as a hardening component and a diluent with the viscosity adjusted to 10 seconds with the Ford Cap (FC) #4 (25°C) and the mixture is sprayed with a spray gun with a nozzle bore diameter of 1 mm at a spraying pressure of 3 kgf/ cm 2 so that the dry film thickness will be 10 µ m and left for 10 minutes after setting, and dried for 30 minutes under a temperature of 85°C to form a coating film, because microvoids with a diameter of 3 to 5 µm and a depth of 3 to 5 µ m are formed. In the plating method according to the present invention, it is preferable that a conductive paint is applied to a surface of a non-conductive product, and then the surface is defatted and at the same time activated, and finally electroless plating is executed to the surface with electroplating additionally executed, if necessary. Various types of metal can be used for electroless plating executed after defatting and activating, but nickel or copper is especially preferable. Also examples of metal used for electroplating executed on the electroless-plated layer include copper, nickel, chrome, tin-nickel alloy, or gold. When a conductive paint is applied only to sections to be electroplated and then electroplating is executed to the sections, the decorative effect by plating can be improved. There is no specific restriction over resin constituting a molded product to be processed by the method according to the present invention. Generally the method according to the present invention can be applied to non-conductive products used in vehicles, computer-related apparatuses, and office equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS Next detailed description is made for embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments are only for disclosure of the present invention, and are not intended to limit a scope of the present invention. Also it should be noted that the term of "portion" in the following embodiment indicates a "weight portion". Example 1: Preparation of a conductive paint A vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin (produced by Union Carbide Corp., Vinylight VMCH), a vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - vinyl alcohol copolymer resin (produced by Union Carbide Corp., Vinylight VAGH), and unsaturated polyester resin (produced by Huls Corp. , RESIN LTW) are solved in an organic solvent (a mixture of toluene, methoxypropyl acetate and methylethyl ketone), and then a plasticier (produced by Rohm & Haas Corp., Paraplex G-62), reforming resin (produced by Hoechst Corp., U resin B), a stabilizer (produced by Yuka-Shell Corp., EP 834), a light-proof agent (produced by Sum Chemical Corp., UV 5411), a dispersant (Big-Chemy Corp., BYK-101), a sedimentation preventing agent (Nippon Aerosil Corp., Aerosil 812, Bentone) was solved in the solvent. Then potassium titanate whisker (produced by Otsuka-Kagaku Corp., Dentole SD-100) and aluminium borate whisker (produced by Mitsui Kinzoku K.K., Bastran 5110) are mixed and dispersed in the solvent, and the solution was subjected to compulsory dispersion for 1 to 2 hours with a Centry-Mill distributor to prepare a conductive paint. The resultant conductive paint was diluted with an organic solvent thinner (a mixture of toluene, xylene, metylisobutyl keton, and ethyl acetate) (100 weight portions of paint : 50 weight portions of thinner), and the diluted paint was sprayed on a panel formed with nylon resin so that the dry film thickness would be in a range from 10 to 25 µ m, and the panel was left for 3 to 10 minutes under the room temperature and then dried for 20 to 30 minutes under the temperature of 80°C, and the obtained coating film was tested for assessment. The result is as shown in Table 4. (Weight Portion) Ex.1 Ex. 2 Vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate -maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin 3.3 3.3 Vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate -vinyl alcohol copolymer resin 3.3 3.3 Unsaturated polyester resin 4.5 4.5 Plasticizer (Paraplex G-62) 1.0 1.0 Reforming resin (U-resin B) 1.0 1.0 Stabilizer (EP 834) 0.6 0.6 Light-stabilizer (UV 5411) 1.0 1.0 Dispersant (BYK-101) 0.5 0.5 Sedimentation preventing agent (Aerosil 812, Bentone) 1.0 1.0 Solvent 70.0 70.0 Potassium titanate whisker 3.8 3.8 Potassium borate whisker 10.0 10.0 hexametylene di-isocyanate - 1.5 Toluene 1.5 Ethyl acetate - 2.0 Example 2 5 weight portions of a solution obtained by hexametiylene di-isocianate prepolymer (produced by Sumitomo Bayer Corp., Desmodule N75) in a solvent comprising a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate mixture by 30 weight % % as a hardner element was added to 100 weight portions of the main ingredients according to the composition shown in Table 1, and further a composition obtained by mixing an organic solvent thinner by 50 weight % into the mixture above was coated so that a coating film with the thickness from 10 to 25 µm would be formed on a nylon resin panel, the panel was subjected to the processing like that in Example 1, and then was tested for assessment. The result is as shown in Table 4. Example 3 According to the composition shown in Table 2, potassium titanate whisker (produced by Otsuka Kagaku K.K., Super Dentole SD-100) and potassium borate whisker (produced by Mitsui Kinzoku K.K, Bastran 5110 Y) were dispersed and mixed in a clear solution prepared by adding epoxy resin (Yuka-Epoxy Jushi Corp., EP 834) and a magnesium aluminium based composition (produced by Akishima Kagaku K.K., TS 380) each as a stabilizer were to denatured chloride olefin- based varnish (produced by Dai-Nihon Inki Corp., AC-P300-25) and additionally adding a polyacrylate polymer (produced by Efuka Corp., EFK-400) as a dispersant, the clear solution mixed and solved in an organic solvent, and the mixture was compulsorily dispersed for 1 to 2 hours with a Centry-Mill distributor to prepare a conductive paint. The resultant conductive paint was diluted with an organic solvent thinner (a mixture of toluene, xylene, metylisobutyl ketone and ethyl acetate) ( 100 weight portions of paint: 50 weight portions of thinner), the diluted paint was sprayed on a PP resin panel so that the dry film thickness would be in a range from 10 to 25 µm, and the panel was left for 5 to 10 minutes under the room temperature, and dried for 20 to 30 minutes under the temperature of 80°C, and then the coating film was tested. The result is shown in Table 4. (Weight Portion) Ex. 3 Acryl resin denatured chloride polyolefin resin varnish 35.0 Stabilizer EP 834 1.0 Stabilizer TS 880 1.0 Dispersant EFK - 400 1.0 Solvent: Toluene, metylisobutyl ketone Swasor 1500, isobutanol 46.0 Aluminium borate whisker (Bastran 5110) 12.0 Potassium borate whisker (Super Dentole SD-100) 4.0 Comparative example 1 - 3 According to the composition shown in Table 3, the paint compositions were prepared according to the same procedure as that in Example 1. The obtained paint compositions were applied like in Example 3 onto a PP resin panel and were tested for assessment. The result is shown in Table 4. (Weight Portion) Comparative example 1 2 3 vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate- maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin 3.3 3.3 3.3 Vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - Vinyl alcohol copolymer resin 3.3 3.3 3.3 Plasticizer (Paraplex G-62) 1.0 1.0 1.0 Reforming resin (U resin) 1.0 1.0 1.0 Stabilizer (EP 834) 0.6 0.6 0.6 Light-stabilizer (UV 5411) 1.0 1.0 1.0 Dispersant (BYK-101) 0.5 0.5 1.0 Sedimentation preventing agent A 0.5 0.5 1.0 Sedimentation preventing agent B 0.5 0.5 1.0 Solvent 72.3 75.8 61.8 Potassium titanate whisker 3.0 3.0 - Aluminium borate whisker 3.0 8.0 1.0 Conductive carbon - 1.5 - Conductive metal powder A (Ni) 10.0 - - Conductive metal powder B (Cu) - - 5.0 Acryl resin A - - 5.0 Acryl resin B - - 5.0 Example Comparative example 1 2 3 1 2 3 Surface resistance value KQ cm 300 17 18 300 3 12 Adhesiveness with substrate A: ABS G G - G G G B: Nylon G G - G G G C: PC G G - G G G D: PP - - G - - - Adhesiveness with plate kgf/cm >1 >1 >1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Quality of coating film Appearance G G G G G G Humidity resist. G G G G NG NG Water resistance G G G G NG NG Heat resistance G G G NG NG NG Impact resistance G G G NG NG NG Note) G: Good NG: Not good Example 3: Plating of ABC Non-conductive Products The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied to a grill made from an ABS non-conductive product and was dried like in Example 1. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted, activated, then subjected to electroless nickel plating, copper electroplating, and then nickel electroplating, and finally chrome plating was executed to the product. Adhesiveness of the plate layer measured according to JIS H 8630 was 1 kgf/ cm or more. Example 4: Plating of PP Non-conductive Products The conductive paint prepared in Example 3 was applied to a bumper of a PP non-conductive product and was dried like in Example 3. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to copper electroplating, and nickel electroplating, and finally chrome plating was executed to the top layer. The adhesiveness was 1 kgf/ cm or more. Example 5: Plating of PA Non-conductive Products The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied to a wheel cap of a PA non-conductive product and dried like in Example 1. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with nickel, and copper electroplating and nickel electroplating, and finally chrome plating was executed to the top layer. The adhesiveness was 1 kgf/ cm or more. Example 6: Plating of PBT Non-conductive products The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied to a guide bar of OA equipment based a PBT non-conductive product and was dried like in Example 1. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with nickel, and then to copper electroplating and nickel electroplating, and finally chrome plating was executed to the top layer. The adhesiveness was 1 kgf/ cm or more. Example 7: Plating of ABS/ PC Non-conductive Products The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied to a panel for audio equipment based on an ABS/PC non-conductive product and was dried like in Example 1. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with nickel, and then to copper electroplating and nickel electroplating, and finally chrome plating was executed to the top layer. The adhesiveness was 1 kgf/ cm or more. Example 8: The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied only to necessary portions of a design drawn on the non-conductive products in Examples 3 to 8, and was dried like in Example 1. The surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with nickel, and then to copper electroplating and nickel electroplating, and finally chrome plating was executed to the top layer to form a partial plate. Example 9: The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied to a housing of electronic equipment based on ABS, PA, ABS/PC, PC, PBT non-conductive products each requiring high adhesiveness, and was dried like in Example 1. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with copper, and then to electroless plating with nickel, and as a result it was possible to give the shielding capability against electromagnetic waves to the electronic equipment with a coating film insuring the adhesiveness of 1 kgf/cm or more which could not be realized with the conventional technology. Adhesiveness of each plate layer is shown in Table 5. kgf/cm) Non-conductive product ABS PA ABS/PC PBT Conventional technology ≦0.1 ≦0.1 ≦0.1 ≦0.1 Present invention ≧1.0 ≧1.0 ≧1.0 ≧1.0 Example 10 The conductive paint prepared in Example 3 was applied to a housing of electronic equipment based on a PP non-conductive product and requiring high adhesiveness. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with copper, and then to electroless plating with nickel, and as a result it was possible to give the shielding capability against electromagnetic waves to the electronic equipment with a plated coating film with the adhesiveness of 1 kgf/ cm or more which could never be realized in the conventional technology. Adhesiveness of the plate layer is as shown in Table 6. (kgf/cm) Non-conductive product PP Prior art ≦ 0.1 Present invention ≧ 1.0 Example 11 The conductive paint prepared in Example 1 was applied to a guide or a gear of electronic equipment based on ABS, PA, ABS/PC, PC, PBT non-conductive products, and was dried. Then a surface of the conductive coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with nickel or electroless composite plating, and as a result it was possible to improve the abrasion resistance or corrosion resistance. Example 12 The conductive paint prepared in Example 3 was applied to a guide or a gear of electronic equipment based on PP non-conductive products, and was dried. Then a surface of the conductive paint coating film was defatted and activated, and then subjected to electroless plating with nickel or electroless composite plating, and as a result it was possible to improve the abrasion resistance or corrosion resistance. Example 13 100 weight portions of the main ingredients used in Example 1, and 0.8 weight portions of hexametylene diisocyanate as a hardening component were solved and diluted in 100 weight portions of a mixture of toluene, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, and Awazor 1500 as a dilutant, and the resultant diluted paint was sprayed with a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 1 mm under the following conditions: pressure of 3 kgf/ cm 2 , a discharge rate of 1 to 3 rotations, a pattern width of 1 to fully opened, and a gun range from 20 to 25 cm, and was left for 10 minutes after setting, dried for 30 minutes under the temperature from 70 to 90°C to obtain a coating film with a dry film thickness of 10 µm. It was found out as a result of examination that a number of microvoids each with a diameter from 3 to 5 µm and a depth from 3 to 5 µm had been formed in this coating film. Metal plating was executed on this coating film like in Example 3, and adhesiveness of the plate layer was measured, and the adhesiveness was 1 kgf/ cm 2 or more. Effects of the invention With the plated non-conductive products and the plating method according to the present invention, it was possible to form a plate layer having extremely high adhesiveness on a surface of the non-conductive products, so that the present invention is quite useful in decoration of non-conductive products used in vehicles, computer-related machines, office equipment or the like and in the field of functional plating.

Claims: A method of plating a non-conductive product comprising the steps of: forming a coating film on selected portions of a surface of the non-conductive product with a conductive paint having the following composition of solid ingredients: (A) resin vehicles 20 to 80 weight % (B) conductive whisker 80 to 20 weight %, and executing electroless plating on a surface of the coating film. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to Claim 1 comprising further steps of: executing electroplating to the surface at selected portions. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to Claim 1 or Claim 2; wherein the electroless plating is executed with nickel, copper, or a compound thereof. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to any of Claims 1 to 3; wherein the conductive whisker is one selected from those based on a fibrous monocrystal or needle-shaped monocrystal of metal, metal oxides, or inorganic salts and covered with a conductive material. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to any of Claims, wherein, in the conductive whisker, a fiber diameter is in a range from 0.1 to 100 µm, a fiber length is in a range from 0.5 to 200 µm, and a surface resistance value is in a range from 10° to 10 -3 Ω · cm. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to any of Claims 1 to 5; wherein the resin vehicle contains at least one of vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate-maleic acid anhydride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate - vinyl - vinyl alcohol copolymer resin and saturated polyester resin. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to any of Claims 1 to 6; wherein the coating film with a conductive paint is directly formed on a surface of the non-conductive product. The method of plating a non-conductive product according to any of Claims 1 to 7 further comprising the step of: executing partial plating by forming a coating film with a conductive paint only on portions to be plated. The method of plating a non-conductive method according to any of Claims 1 to 8; wherein the coating film with a conductive paint is formed according to a method selected from painting, printing, and steeping. A method of plating a non-conductive product according to any of Claims 1 to 9; wherein the non-conductive product is selected from a group comprising resin, rubber, ceramics, wood, glass, and cloth. A method of plating a non-conductive product for improving adhesiveness of an electroless plating layer comprising the steps of: adjusting viscosity by mising a diluent to the conductive paint according to Claim 1; forming microvoids by gasification of a solvent in a surface of a coating film after painting; and executing electroless plating on a surface of the coating film in which a diameter of most microvoids existing in the coating film is in a range from 0.1 to 50 µm.

Inventors: IIZAWA TSUTOMU, ISHIDA TAKUYA, MURAYAMA TAMOTSU, YAGI TAKAYUKI, IIZAWA, TSUTOMU, ISHIDA, TAKUYA, MURAYAMA, TAMOTSU, YAGI, TAKAYUKI, Iizawa, Tsutomu c/o Kanto Kasei Co., Ltd., Ishida, Takuya c/o Kanto Kasei Co., Ltd., Murayama, Tamotsu c/o Tanabe Chemical Ind.Co.,Ltd., Yagi, Takayuki c/o Tanabe Chem.Industry Co., Ltd.
Applicants: KANTO KASEI KOGYO, TANABE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO LT, KANTO KASEI CO., LTD., TANABE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H01B1
IPC codes: H05K1, H01B1, H05K3