CYTOTOXIC PYRIDOACRIDINE ALKALOIDS

Abstract: Shermilamine D, a novel cytotoxic pyridoacridine alkaloid, has been isolated from the tunicate Cystodytes violatinctus. The structure (1) of the compound has been established on the basis of 1-D and 2-D NMR data.

Description: CYTOTOXIC PYRIDOACRIDINE ALKALOIDS The present invention relates to new σytotoxic pyridoacridine alkaloids, one of which, Shermilamine D, isolated from the tunicate Cystodytes violatinctus. Ba-ckground of the Invention Marine organisms, esp∞ially soft corals, .sponges and tunicates, provide many secondary metabolites and exhibit a varying degree of biological activity (Reference 13: Faulkner, D.J. Nat.Prod.Reports., 1997, 14, 259-302 and references cited therein). An important family of these metabolites is the alkaloid family, in 1983 it was reported the structure of a marine alkaloid, amphimedine (Reference 14: Schmitz, F.J. et al. J.Am.Chem.Soc. 1983, 105, 4835-4836), which was the first of a new class of marine- derived alkaloids that collectively have come to be known as the "pyridoacridines". Since then, over 40 additional examples have been published (Reference 1: Molinski,T.F. Chem.R v. 1993, 93, 1825-1838). The pyridoacridines are highly colored marine eriV4S alkaloids majority based on the llH-pyrido[4,3,2- n]acridine skeleton, as showed below: llH-pyτido[4,3,2- n]acridine skeleton A family of remarkable cytotoxic marine pyridoacridine alkaloids is the Shexrriilamine family (Reference 6: Scheuer.P.J. et al. J.Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4619- 4620. Reference 5: Scheuer.P.J. et al. J.Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 4231-4232. Reference 3: Kashman, Y. et al. J.Org.Chem. 1989, 54, 5335-5337. Reference 12: Barrows, L.R.; Ireland.C.M. et al. J.Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 3819-3827), which structure is showed below: Sheπrjilarnine A: R 1= =Br R^CHa) ShermUarnine B: R 1= H ^CHa) Shermilamine C: R 1= H R 2 =(CH-C(CH 3 )2) Sherrnilamines were all isolated from tunicates, A and B from Trididemnum sp. and C from Cystodytes sp. Summary of the Invention Tne present invention provides new pyridoacridines having the following formula (D: wher>sin R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or bromine. More particularly, the present invention relates to SheπnUamine D (R=H in formula (I)), extracted and isolated from the tunicate Cystodytes violatinctus. Shermilamine D exhibits antitumor activity. In particular, Shermilamine D exhibits antitumor activity against cell lines derived from human solid tumors, such as human lung carcinoma, human colon carcinoma and human melanoma, and, the like, it is active against other tumor cell lines, like leuk>smia and lymphoma. The present invention also provides a method of treating a mammal affected by a malignant tumor s-tnsitive to a compound with the formula (I), which comprises adtαώύstering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound with the formula (I), or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. The present invention further provide pharmaceutical compositions which contain as active ingredient a compound with the formula (I), as well as a process for its preparation. A further aspect of the invention is a method for preparing the compound Sherrnilamine D (R=H in the formula (I)), which comprises extraction and isolation from the tunicate Cystodytes violatinctus. Preferred Embodiments of the Invention Examples of pharmaceutical compositions include any solid (tablets, pills, capsules, granules, etc.) or liquid (solutions, suspensions or emulsions) with suitable formulation of oral, topical or parenteral administration, and they may contain the pure compound or in combination with any •carrier or otiier pharmacologi4 ally active compounds. These compositions may need to be sterile when administered parenterally. The correct dosage of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds with the formula (I), will vary according to the pharmaceutical formulation, the mode of application, and the particular situs, host and tumor being treated. Other factors like age, body weight, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, condition of the host, drug combinations, reaction sensitivities and severity of the .disease shall be taken into account. Administration can be carried out continuously or periodically within the maximum tolerate dose. Antitumour Activity Cells were maintained in logarithmic phase of growth in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, with Earle's Balanc-ed Salts, with 2.0 mM I^glutamine, with non-essential amino acids, without sodium bicarbonate (EMEM/neaa); supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS), 10 '2 M sodium bicarbonate and 0,1 g/1 penicillin-G + streptomycin sulfate. A screening procedure has been carried out to determine and compare the antitumor activity of these compounds, using an adapted form of the method described by Bergeron et al. (Reference 15: Raymond J. Bergeron, Paul F. Cavanaugh, Jr., Stevm J. Kline, Robert G. Hughes, Jr., Gary T. Elliot and Carl W. Porter. Antineoplastic and antiherpetic activity of speπnidine catecholamide iron chelators. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Comm. 1984, 121, 848- 854). The .antitumor cells employed were P-388 (suspension culture of a lymphoid neoplasm from DBA/2 mouse), A-549 (monolayer culture of a human lung carcinoma), HT-29 (monolayer culture of a human colon carcinoma) and MEL-28 (monolayer culture of a human melanoma). P-388 cells were seeded into 16 mm wells at lxl 0 4 cells per well in 1 ml aliquots of MEM 5FCS COntaining the indicated concentration of drug. A separate set of cultures without drug was seeded as control growth to ensure that cells remained in exponential phase of growth. AU determinations were carried out in duplicate. After three days of incubation at 37 β C, 10% CO 2 in a 98% humid atmospliere, an approximately IC 50 was d ^ stermined by comparing the growth in wells with drug to the growth in wells control. A-549, HT-29 and ME -28 cells were seeded into 16 mm wells at 2xl0 4 cells per well in 1 ml aliquots of MEM 10FCS containing the indicated concentration of drug. A separate set of cultures without drug was seeded as control growth to ensure that cells remained in exponential phase of growth. All determinations were carried out in duplicate. After three days of incubation at 37°C, 10% CO 2 in a 98% humid atmosphere, the wells were stained with 0.1% Crystal Violet An approximately IC 50 was determined by comparing the growth in wells with drug to the growth in wells control. The results are given in the following table: ICso (μM) P-388 A-549 HT-29 MEL-28 Shermilamine D 1.33 0.27 2.66 0.53 Extraction and Isolation Low-resolution mass spectra were recorded on a EJ S mass spectrometer. 1H and 13 C-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruk.tr ARX-500 spectrometer. All chemical shifts .are reported with respect to TMS (δ=0 ppm). The tunicate Cystodytes violatinctus was collected by SCUBA at 5 m depth on Prevoyante reef in lagoon of Mayotte (Comoros islands), north-west of Madagascar during april 1996. Reference samples (AM-35) are deposited at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris. The freshly collected animals was immediatly frozen at - 25°C. The freeze-dried animal (600 g weight after extraction) were homogenized and extracted with methanol-chloroform 1:2 (500mLx4) at room temperature. The extracts were evaporated in vacuo to give an aqueous phase wich was extracted with chloroform. Evaporation of the chloroform extracts afforded an oily residue (1.6 g). The crude extract is partitioned between 20% aq. MeOH and CC , the organic extracts were evaporated and the residue is then chromatographed, first on Sephadex LH-20 (hexane, CHCI 3 , MeOH, 2:1:1) and then MeOH-washed-silica-gel chromatography starting with CHC1 3 and adding MeOH, 1-10%. The compound Shermilamine D (2% from the crude extract) comes out with 5% MeOH in CHCI 3 . Shermilamine D is a foaming oil, m/z 376 (C 21 H 20 N 4 OS). For NMR data see next Table: NMR data for Shermilamine D C o. δc(m)' 5 H (m, J in Hz)* b HMBC to C No. 2 150.7(d) 8.40(d, 4.8) 3,3a,13b 3 106.8(d) 7.20(d, 4.7) 2,8b 18 a. NMR solvent- CDC1 3 ; 500 MHz for 1 H, 125 MHz for "C. b. NMR solvent= CDCI 3 -CD3OD (4:1). References 1. Molinski,T.F. Chem.Rev. 1993, 93, 1825-1838. 2. Scheuer, P.J. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4426-4431. 3. Kashman, Y. et al. J.Org.Chem. 1989, 54, 5335-5337. 4. Schmitz,F. J. ; Helm,D.v.d. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 804-808. 5. Scheuer,P.J. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 4231-4232. 6. Scheuer.P.J. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4619-4620. 7. Steffan, B. et al. Tetrahedron, 1993, 49, S22 -622Z. 8. Spector, I. et al. J. Cell.Physiol. 1993, 157, 481-492. 9. Burres, N.S. et al. Cancer Res. 1989, 49, 5267-5274. 10. Ciufolini, M.A. et al. J.Am. Chem.Soc. 1995, 117, 12460-12469. 11. Taraporewala, LB. et al. J.Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 2744-2752. 12. Barrows, L.R.; Ireland.C.M. et al. J.Med.Chem. 1994, 37, 3819-3827. 13. Faulkner, D J. Nat.Prod Reports. 1997, 14, 259-302. 14. Schmitz, F.J. et al. J.Am.Chem.Soc. 1983, 105, 4835-4836. 15. Raymond J. Bergeron, Paul F. Cavanaugh, Jr., Steven J. Kline, Robert G. Hughes, Jr., Gary T. Elliot and Carl W. Porter. Antineoplastic and antiheipetic activity of speimidine catecholamide iron chelators. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Comm. 1984, 121, 848-854.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A .compound having the following formula (I): I wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or bromine. 2. A compound, Shermilamine D, .according to claim 1, having the following formula: Sheπrώa ine D 3. A method of treating a mammal affected by a malignant rumor sensitive to a compound with the formula (I), as defined in claim 1, which comprises administering to the affected individual a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. 4. A method of treating a mammal affected by a malignant tumor sensitive to Shermilamine D, as defined in claim 2, which comprises administering to the affected individual a therapeutically effective amount of Shermilamine D or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. 5. A pharmaceutical preparation which contains as active ingredient a compound with the formula (I), as defined in claim 1. 6. A pharmaceutical preparation which contains as active ingredient Shermilamine D, as defined in claim 2. 7. A method of treating a mammal affected by a malignant tumor which comprises administering to the affected individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound with the formula (I), as defined in claim 1, together with othw or others antitumoral compounds. 8. A method of treating a mammal affected by a malignant tumor which comprises administering to the affected individual a therapeutically effective amount of Sherrmlamine D, as defined in claim 2, together with other or others antitumoral compounds. 9. A method for preparing Sheπmla ine D, as defined in claim 2, which comprises extraction and isolation from the tunicate Cystodytes violatinctus.

Inventors: AKNIN MAURICE, GARCIA GRAVALOS DOLORES, KASHMAN YOEL, KOREN-GOLDSHLAGER GANIT, AKNIN, MAURICE, GARCIA GRAVALOS, DOLORES, KASHMAN, YOEL, KOREN-GOLDSHLAGER, GANIT
Applicants: AKNIN MAURICE, GARCIA GRAVALOS DOLORES, INST BIOMAR SA, KASHMAN YOEL, KOREN GOLDSHLAGER GANIT, RUFFLES GRAHAM KEITH, AKNIN, MAURICE, GARCIA GRAVALOS, DOLORES, INSTITUTO BIOMAR S.A., KASHMAN, YOEL, KOREN-GOLDSHLAGER, GANIT, RUFFLES, GRAHAM, KEITH
Application year: 1998
Main classification: C07D513
IPC codes: C07D513