Digital imaging system

Abstract: When a shutter button of a digital camera is pressed, a picture signal fetched from a CCD is converted to a digital signal and compressed and written into a nonvolatile memory means like a flash memory card as a picture file which can be identified uniquely.By turning on a reproduction switch, a picture file is read out from the nonvolatile memory means, the compressed data is expanded and converted to an analog signal, and the converted picture is displayed on a liquid crystal display. By pressing a display feed key, another picture file is read out and displayed. A user can produce a control file for controlling print processing, display processing, transmission processing and the like for the picture file by selecting a particular picture file using an operation key. The nonvolatile memory means can be removed. By mounting this memory means on a printer unit, display unit or picture transmission unit, the digital camera also can be used during print, display or transmission of the picture. If multi-screen print is carried out on the printer unit, a vertical direction of each picture is unified. Further, upon reprint operation for multiple order persons, sorting work after the print is facilitated by providing with an identification means for identifying each order person.

Description: This invention relates to a digital camera, for exchanging picture data through a memory. In recent years, due to improvement of full-color print technology for printing an electronic video signal on paper, a high quality print comparable to a silver salt photograph has been produced. A sublimation type thermal transfer printer which is a typical example of these printers has widely prevailed as an audio-visual oriented printer for printing a video signal. An ordinary video printer has a function of capturing a video signal output from a video movie camera or the like in its frame memory so that a desired shot can be selected from a video movie tape and printed (unlike a still camera). Further, because digital recording has been prevailing in the video movie camera, the quality of signal source for the printer has been improved. In the background of such a digital camera technology, as a tool capable of fetching a high quality still picture into a personal computer as easily as an ordinary camera is used, an input device called a digital still camera (hereinafter referred to as DSC) has been rapidly prevailing so that the input source for the printer has been diversified. The current DSCs have various interfaces. Most of them have an interface for fetching data into the personal computer like RS232C and additionally, have an analog video output and the like for displaying the picture on a TV monitor. In addition to a nonvolatile flash memory card as a memory for storing pictures, use of a removable memory card has increased. Although, initially, the DSC is positioned as an input device for fetching data into the personal computer, it has been departing from the personal computer so that it is becoming an independent digital type camera. If it is intended to process an input picture to an art piece, the picture can be fetched into the personal computer, processed and printed. However, a demand for connecting the camera directly to a printer and making an easy print has been increasing. Further, in addition to the combination of the DSC and video printer, other applications of the DSC such as monitoring a picture taken with the DSC by enlarging it on a monitor screen, transmitting a picture taken with the DSC through a mobile phone and the like have been widely spreading. FIG. 21 shows a structure of conventional DSC and video printer. When it is intended to print a picture taken with the DSC not through a personal computer, first of all, the DSC 801 is connected to a video printer 802 through a video cable 803. Then, a display feed key 804 is operated so as to output for printing a video signal of a picture to the video output of the digital camera. If that picture is output, a fetch key 805 on the video printer 802 is pressed to capture a video signal thereof. If it is intended to print two pictures on a single paper, this procedure is repeated. If capturing of video signals for the two pictures is completed, a double-screen multi-print key 806 is pressed, so that the two pictures are printed on a single paper. FIG. 22 shows a structure of conventional DSC and home TV. The DSC 801 is connected to the home TV 807 through a video cable 808. By operating a display feed key 804 of the DSC 801, a picture to be displayed on the home TV 807 can be changed. FIG. 23 shows a structure of conventional DSC, mobile phone and modem. The DSC 801 is connected to a modem 809 through a RSC232C interface and the modem 809 is connected to a mobile phone 810. After communication is established by operating the modem using AT command, the digital camera 801 transmits a selected picture through the mobile phone 810. The structures of the conventional arts of FIGs. 21, 22, 23 have a problem in which the digital camera is not available for taking pictures during the aforementioned print, display, transmission or the like. Further, in case when the double-screen multi-print is executed with the structure shown in FIG. 21, it is very troublesome to print the pictures in a condition that a picture taken with a camera held horizontally is not mixed with a picture taken with the camera held vertically. Further, if request for reprint of pictures under the structure of FIG. 21 comes from multiple persons, it is troublesome to sort printed pictures for each order after the printing is completed. Another object of the present invention is to unify a vertical direction of each picture when multi-screen print is executed, namely, so that a vertically long picture is not mixed with a horizontally long picture in a single paper. Still another object of the present invention is to facilitate sorting when reprint of pictures is carried out. When a picture taken with the DSC is input into the conventional printer by analog video signals, very fast data transmission is carried out so that, for example, under the NTSC method, a single picture can be transmitted in 1/30 seconds. However, because the interface is analog and color signal range is narrow, a high quality print in which the proper performance of the DSC is exerted cannot be achieved. Further, because such an interface having many lines as a parallel interface is physically difficult to attach to a small DSC, usually the interface available for the DSC is limited to a serial interface such as RS232C and the like, so that it takes very long, for example, several tens seconds, to transmit a single picture. Further, people may want a way of use like the conventional silver-salt camera, in which after a film roll (24 frames or 36 frames) is finished, by bringing that roll to a photo lab, all-shot simultaneous print is obtained. However, if a similar method is tried, because usually a printer frame memory has only a capacity for a single picture, several tens pictures stored in the camera memory are transmitted to the printer in several tens seconds per a single picture and then each picture is printed in several tens seconds. The same procedure is then repeated for each of the several tens pictures. Inconvenience may result from operating the digital camera, printer and the like. Even if the transfer speed is increased in near future, print is desirably initiated until several tens prints are completed. Therefore, that inconvenience is not eliminated. Further, because the DSC needs to be operated for data transmission during a print, the DSC's battery is wastefully consumed and during the print operation, the DSC cannot be used as a camera for taking a picture. Further, because communication between the DSC and printer is desirably established until the print is finished, the DSC cannot be used as a camera until the print is finished. Because the DSC is actuated for a long time for this purpose, the DSC's battery is consumed for purposes other than taking pictures. Further, there is no standardized format in an interface for directly connecting the DSC to the printer in digital basis and most interfaces are specified for each particular product, so that general use of a conventional interface for the digital camera is unexpected. Even if the interface is unified in industry, because a number of picture elements output by the DSC increases every year, the number of picture elements is difficult to be standardized. Therefore, under the conventional art, a general-use printer for various users is difficult to produce. When a structure for transferring data to a printer through a PC card as proposed in the present invention is employed, most of the above described problems are solved but the following new problems occur. The user may not want to print all pictures recorded in the PC card corresponding to a single film roll but often wants to print only some of them. Particularly as the capacity of the PC card increases and new pictures are additionally stored subsequent to old pictures without deleting them, this tendency is intensified. The conventional printer structure may not have a convenient way for selected pictures to be printed. Further, a number of picture elements of taken picture data varies depending on DSCs manufactured by various makers and the number of the picture elements do not always coincide with the number of picture elements printed by the printer. Further, because in the DSCs of various manufacturers, a way for naming a picture file and a sub-directory for storing files varies depending thereon, the printer cannot be used generally among every DSC. Reference JP-A-07079375 describes an electronic still camera recording image data on a memory card. The camera comprises various setting switches for setting information to be recorded together with image data. US-A-5 274 418 relates to an image processing system for images which are recorded on a negative film. Further, control information for automatically controlling the reproduction procedure of the images is recorded in proximity to the images on the film. The control information may relate to the arrangement, orientation and size of the image frame to be reproduced. A laboratory system for generating digital image data based on image data recorded on a film is known from US-A-5 574 533. When recording image data on a film in a film cartridge, the film cartridge is mounted in a camera together with an IC memory card. The IC memory card is provided for recording information concerning the photographing, including color, temperature, over- or under exposure, date of photographing etc. and/or information which may comprise data like the number of prints to be reproduced, zooming, letters etc. Both, the film cartridge and the IC memory card, are delivered to the laboratory system. It is the object of the present invention to provide a digital camera enabling an easier print, display or transmission of taken pictures. This is achieved by the features of claim 1. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital camera constituting a digital camera print system according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a printer unit constituting a digital camera print system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is an explanatory view for explaining an operation of a rotation key which is display selecting means in the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a content of print control information file 8 "PRINT" according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a content of display control information file 8b according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4C is a diagram showing a content of communication control information file 8c according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an operation of print order adjusting means according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a content of indication to a print control means by the print order adjusting means according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 7A-D are diagrams showing an output result of a printer unit according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8A is a block diagram of a digital camera constituting a picture processing system according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8B is a block diagram of a printer unit constituting a picture processing system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8C shows an example of a command character string as a processing instruction string, which is a content of a processing control file of a removable nonvolatile memory means in the picture processing system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a digital camera constituting a display system according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a display unit constituting a display system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a digital camera constituting a transmission system according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a transmission unit constituting a transmission system according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 13 is an explanatory illustration of a print system according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a structure of a printer unit of a print system according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a structure of a picture conversion means of a printer unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of a memory card directory structure of the print system according to the sixth exemplary embodiment; FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure for retrieving a desired picture file by a file retrieval means of the printer unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment from the directory structure shown in FIG. 16; FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing a content of print control file PhotoLst.txt of the printer unit according to a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of monitor display of thumbnail pictures in the printer unit according to the seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a structure of a printer unit according to an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a structure of a conventional print system utilizing a digital camera; FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a structure of a conventional display system utilizing a digital camera; and FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a structure of a conventional transmission system utilizing a digital camera. First exemplary embodiment A digital camera print system according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGs. 1-7. Each of the components is constituted of hardware or firmware, or both. A digital still camera 100, which is a picture-taking unit constituting a digital camera print system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, is described with reference to a block diagram of FIG. 1. The picture-taking unit 100 comprises picture-taking means 101, picture selecting means 102, print control information storage means 103 and a flash memory card 104. In the picture-taking means 101 of FIG. 1, an objective lens 1 focuses an optical image of an object on a charge coupled device (hereinafter referred to as CCD) 2. A signal output of the CCD 2 by this optical image is fetched through a switch (shutter button) S1 which is a shutter and input to an A/D converter 3, so that the analog signal is converted to a digital signal. The digital output of the A/D converter 3 is compressed by a picture compression means 4. The picture write means 5 writes the compressed digital signal in a flash memory card 104 in a file form making it possible to specify a certain file with its file name uniquely. In a picture selecting means 102 of FIG. 1, a picture reading means 9 reads a picture file from a picture file 7 of the flash memory card 104 by specifying a file name. The read picture file is enlarged by a picture enlargement means 10 and then converted from a digital signal to an analog signal by a D/A converter 11, and displayed on a liquid crystal display 12 which is a display means, through a reproduction switch S2. The displayed picture is updated with a new picture by pressing a display feed key 13 and as required, a rotation switch S3 is turned by a display rotation key 14 to rotate a display angle by a rotating means 6. A picture information obtaining means 15 obtains information about a picture displayed on the liquid crystal display 12 from a picture read means 9 by pressing a person ordering specifying key 17 and print specifying key 18. A print control information storage means 103 generates print control information and produces a print control information file 8 in the flash memory card 104. The flash memory card 104 is removable from the digital camera and is a nonvolatile memory. This flash memory card 104 forms a removable nonvolatile storage means. The picture file 7 and print control information file 8 are memorized for example in the form of DOS format. FIG. 2 is block diagram of a printer unit 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The print control information obtaining means 51 obtains print control information file 8 on the flash memory card 104. A print order adjusting means 52 classifies pictures to be printed according to the rotation angles of the pictures so as to adjust the print order so that any picture of a different rotation angle is not mixed up. The print control means 53 controls a double-picture multi-print means 56 to carry out a print in a specified print order with a specified frame color. The print control means 53 prints a person ordering list according to an instruction of an order person list forming means 55 after all the pictures are printed. A frame specifying means 54 instructs the print control means to change a color of the frame depending on the order person. The order person list forming means 55 instructs to print picture information indicating an order person with a frame line of the same color as used by the frame specifying means. A multi-print unit 57 has the double-picture multi-print means 56 and is capable of printing two picture files fetched from the flash memory card 104 according to an instruction of the print control means 53 on a single paper. An operation of the printer unit is described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. Now assume that the shutter button S1 is pressed. A picture signal fetched from the CCD 2 of the picture-taking means 101 is converted to a digital signal by the A/D converter 3, compressed by the picture compression means 4 and written into the flash memory card 104 as a picture file 7 which can be identified uniquely in the memory card by the image write means 5. Now assume that six files, "A.JPG", "B.JPG", "C.JPG", "D.JPG", "M.JPG", "N.JPG" taken by six shots are stored in the flash memory card 104. Assume that of these files, "M.JPG" and "N.JPG" are taken by users Mr. M and Mr. N, respectively. The user can see a taken picture on the liquid crystal display 12 by turning on the reproduction switch S2. That is, the picture reading means 9 reads out a file and the picture enlargement means 10 enlarges the compressed data and then the D/A converter 11 converts to analog signals, so that the converted data is displayed on the liquid crystal display 12. If the user presses the display feed key 13, the picture reading means 9 reads another file different from a currently displayed picture and begins to display it. When a picture taken by setting a camera in a condition in which it is turned at an angle 90° to the left side is displayed as shown in FIG. 3A, if the user presses the display rotation key 14, the picture reading means 9 calls the displayed picture again and turns the rotation switch S3 to the side of the rotation means 6. Then, the enlarged picture is displayed on the liquid crystal display 12 in a condition that it is turned at an angle 90° to the right side by the display rotation key 14 as shown in FIG. 3B. Next, if the display feed key 13 is pressed, the display rotation switch S3 is turned back to an opposite side. When Mr. M tries to register a picture to be printed, he should display a picture by the display feed key 13 and press the person ordering specifying key 17. Then, the picture information obtaining means 15 obtains a file name of a displayed picture from the picture reading means 9. The print control information storage means 103 adds a character string "ORDER" in front of the file name M.JPG and memorizes it in the flash memory card 104 as a first line of the print control information file 8 "PRINT". Next assume that Mr. M displays "A.JPG" as a picture which he wants to print by the display feed key 13. At this time, if the print specifying key 18 is pressed, the picture information obtaining means 15 obtains a file name of a displayed picture and a status of the display rotation key 14 from the picture reading means 9. Unless the display rotation key 14 is used, the print control information storage means 103 memorizes a character string "A.JPG 0" in the flash memory card 104 as a second line of the print control information file "PRINT". The last "0" indicates a status of the display rotation key 14. If the display rotation key 14 is kept pressed, "90" is set. After that, "B.JPG" is turned by pressing the display rotation key 14 and the print specifying key 18 is pressed so as to display "C.JPG". After that, the print specifying key 18 is pressed to display "D.JPG" and the display rotation key 14 is pressed to turn the "D.JPG". Then, the print specifying key 18 is pressed and consequently, up to the fifth line of FIG. 4 is produced. Next, Mr. N selects a picture to be printed and a print control information file from the sixth line to the eighth line is produced. The user mounts the flash memory card 104 removed from the picture-taking unit 100 on the printer unit 200 to print a selected picture. Then, the print control information obtaining means 51 finds out a "PRINT" file and notifies the content of that file to the print order adjusting means 52, frame specifying means 54 and order person (or person ordering) list forming means 55. The print order adjusting means 52 classifies pictures having the same rotation angle to groups and adjusts the print order not to mix different group pictures on a single paper as accurately as possible. As a result, a print order of FIG. 6 is determined. At this time, the print order adjusting means 52 carries out the following procedure as shown in a flow chart of FIG. 5. First, an entire print control information file of FIG. 4 is copied to its own memory and at step 500, a single line of the head of the file copied at step 500 is read. If EOF (end of file) is not detected at step 501, at step 502, in case the beginning line begins with ORDER, a line beginning with ORDER in the memory is deleted at step 510 and a next line is read at step 500. Because the next line does not begin with ORDER, a file name A.JPG contained in this line is output at step 503. At step 504, a rotation angle contained in this line is memorized in the memory temp as 0°. Next, at step 505, a line in the memory corresponding to this line is deleted and at step 506, a next line (corresponding to a third line of FIG. 4) on the memory is read. Because at step 507, this line does not begin with ORDER and the rotation angle of a line read at step 508 is 90°, which is different from a value of temp, the processing returns to step 506, in which a next line (corresponding to a fourth line of FIG. 4) in the memory is read. Because the rotation angle of this line coincides with 0° which is a value of temp, the processing goes to step 509, in which a file name C.JPG contained in this line is output. Then, the processing returns to step 505, in which a line corresponding to this line in the memory is deleted. The fifth line of FIG. 4 is processed as described above. If a sixth line is read from the memory, because this line begins with ORDER, the processing goes from step 507 to step 512. Because the read line is not a beginning line of the memory, the reading line returns to the beginning line of the memory and then the beginning line is read at step 500. In the same procedure, file names B.JPG, D.JPG are output and corresponding lines in the memory are deleted. After a next line on the memory is read at step 506, a line (corresponding to a sixth line of FIG. 4) beginning with ORDER is read and therefore, the processing goes from step 507 to step 512. Here, because the read line is a beginning line in the memory, page feed is carried out at step 513. After that, A.JPG, B.JPG are output in the same processing. If a file in the memory is empty and EOF (end of file) is detected at step 501, the output is terminated at step 515. If the frame specifying means 54 receives a content of the print control information file "PRINT", a color of each printing frame is specified for each order person. Because the order person changes at the fifth line, the frame specifying means 54 instructs the print control means to change the frame color from gray to blue. Further it notifies the order person list forming means 55 that a gray frame has been used for a first order person and a blue frame has been .used for a next order person. The order person list forming means 55 draws out a picture file of a line beginning with "ORDER" of the print control information file 8 "PRINT" and instructs the print control means 53 to print a picture file 7 using a frame color received from the frame specifying means 54. The print control means 53 carries out an instruction received from the print order adjusting means 52 first of all. As a result, the double-picture multi-print means 56 prints three pictures as shown in FIGs. 7A-7C. Next, a single picture is printed according to an instruction from the order person list forming means 55 as shown in FIG. 7D. Although it is previously stated that the rotation angle can be selected only 0° or 90°, it is permissible to select an arbitrary angle. Pictures of 90° and 270° can be printed on the same paper if either of them is turned at 180° and printed. Although according to this embodiment, the order person is identified by changing the color of the print frame, it is permissible to change the width or shape of the print frame line. Further it is permissible to use a particular shape mark (e.g., a red square or blue square) as an identification method. Further, it is permissible to print a particular mark on a back of the paper. Although according to this embodiment, the rotation angle can be confirmed by user operation, the rotation angle may be automatically obtained by a posture detecting means. Although according to this embodiment, information about the order person is used in order to facilitate sorting work, it is permissible to calculate a reprint price and print or display it. Although according to this embodiment, a picture symbolizing (i.e. corresponding to) an order person is selected, it is permissible to input a character string for identifying the order person so that it is included in the print control information. Further, that character string may be printed. Although according to this embodiment, an example of two screen printing has been indicated, this embodiment is possible for not only the two screen printing but also three or four screen printing. Depending on the way of control, single screen printing made on an entire screen is also possible. Although according to this embodiment, the flash memory card is taken as a removable nonvolatile memory means, the flash memory card may be hard disk card, floppy disk, opto-magnetic disk, optical disk, magnetic tape, memory card backed up by power supply or any other suitable medium. Although according to this embodiment, the rotation angle and the like are used as the print control information, it is permissible to contain a quantity of pictures to be printed, trimming frame position and the like. According to this embodiment, after inserting the memory card 104 into the printer unit 200, it is possible to automatically print images without necessity of the digital camera. Also, if another memory card is inserted into the digital camera even during the printing, it is still possible to take a picture by the digital camera. In addition, even when images with different rotation angles are printed in various orders, it is easy to undergo the printing so that the longitudinal directions of the images are made the same. Also, in performing the reprint printing, it is possible to readily realize the sorting processing after printing frames or marks depending on the order person as well as an order person list. Second exemplary embodiment A picture processing system utilizing the digital camera according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGs. 8A-8C. For this embodiment, a case in which a printer unit 200a carries out double zoom print without any treatment by specifying double zoom processing in a picture-taking unit 100a upon print operation, is described. Referring to FIG. 8A, a digital still camera which is a picture-taking unit comprises a picture-taking means 101a, a picture selecting means 102a, a processing control information storage means 103a and a flash memory card 104a. Because the picture-taking unit 100a has the same structure as the picture-taking unit 100 of the first embodiment in FIG. 1, a detailed description is omitted. Like the first embodiment, if a user selects that he wants to print in double enlargement from picture data stored in the picture file 7 by using a picture selecting means 102a of the picture-taking unit 100a, the processing control information storage means 103a produces a processing control information file 8a containing a picture file name "A.JPG", a command character string "ZOOM x 2", a command character string "PRINT" and the like in a flash memory card 104a as shown in FIG. 8C. This flash memory card 104a is removed from the picture-taking unit 100a and mounted on a printer unit 200a. As shown in FIG. 8b, the printer unit 200a comprises a processing control information obtaining means 51a, a print control means 53a, a print means 59, a double-zoom processing means 58, and a flash memory card 104a. Because the printer unit 200a has the same structure as the printer unit 200 of the first embodiment of FIG. 2, a detailed description is omitted. The printer unit 200a zooms a picture to double size by a double zoom processing means 58 according to a processing control information file 8a and then prints the picture by the print means 59. Although in this embodiment, only a case in which the double zoom processing is selected by the double zoom processing means 58 by the user has been described, it is permissible to so construct that multiple processings can be selected by the user. Third exemplary embodiment A display system utilizing a digital camera according to a third embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGs. 9 and 10. Referring to FIG. 9, a digital still camera 100b which is a picture-taking unit comprises a picture-taking means 101b, a display picture selecting means 102b, a display control information storage means 103b and a flash memory card 104b. Because the picture-taking unit 100b is of the same structure as the picture-taking unit 100 of the first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, a detailed description is omitted. According to this embodiment, like the print system of FIG. 8, in a picture-taking unit 100b of this display system, a display control information storage means 103b produces a file name of a picture selected by a display picture selecting means 102b of the digital camera by user on a flash memory card 104b as a display control information file 8b (FIG. 4B shows an example of the file 8b). As shown in FIG. 10, a display unit 300 comprises a display control information obtaining means 301, a display control means 302, a display means 303 and a flash memory card 104b. Because the display unit 300 has the same structure as the printer unit of the first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, a description thereof in detail is omitted. The display control means 302 of the display unit 300 obtains a file name of a picture to be displayed from the flash memory card 104b through the display control information obtaining means 301 and successively displays pictures on the display means 303. At this time, "DISPLAY" or the like is determined as a display control file name. Consequently, by inserting a memory card into the display unit 300, pictures can be automatically displayed successively even without a digital camera. Fourth exemplary embodiment A communication system using the digital camera according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGs. 11 and 12. Referring to FIG. 11, a digital still camera 100c which is a picture-taking unit comprises a picture-taking means 101c, a sending picture selection means 102c, a communication control information storage means 103c and a flash memory card 104c. Because the picture-taking unit 100c has the same structure as the picture-taking unit 100 of the first exemplary embodiment, a description thereof in detail is omitted. According to this embodiment, a communication control information storage means 103c stores a picture file 7 taken by a user with a picture-taking means 101c in a flash memory card 104c and a file name of a picture selected by a sending picture selection means 102c is produced on the flash memory card 104c as a communication control information file 8c (FIG. 4C shows an example of the file 8c). As shown in FIG. 12, a communication unit 400 comprises a communication control information obtaining means 401, a communication control means 402, a communication means 403 and the flash memory card 104c. Because the communication unit 400 has the same structure as the printer unit 200 of the first exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, a description thereof in detail. is omitted. The communication control means 402 obtains a file name of a picture to be transmitted from a communication control information file 8c of the flash memory card 104c through the communication control information obtaining means 401 and instructs the communication means 403 to send pictures successively. At this time, "SEND" or the like is determined as a display control file name. As a result, by inserting the memory card into a communication unit such as a mobile phone and modem, pictures can be automatically transmitted even without a digital camera. A picture viewing unit can be realized which has no picture-taking means and-comprises a removable flash memory card, a picture selection means for selecting a picture to be subjected to a particular processing such as printing, display or transmission, and a control information storage means for storing information about a particular processing of a selected picture, such as printing, display or transmission into the flash memory card. Although in the above-described embodiment, the picture information has been explained as a still picture information, the picture information may be not only a still picture but also an animation picture. If the animation picture is printed, one or a plurality of frames are selected from that animation picture file and printed. Although in the above embodiments, the print control information file has been described as being used only for printing, this may be applicable for other various particular processing such as display and transmission. Although in the above respective embodiments and related description, functions such as picture-taking, print, picture processing, display, transmission and viewing have been described as if each of them was handled independently, a single unit may include more than one of these functions or unit having each function may be combined. Fifth exemplary embodiment A print system according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIG. 13. A memory card 701 like a flash memory card, which is a nonvolatile memory means freely removable from a digital still camera (DSC) 700 memorizes information of pictures taken with the DSC 700. The removable memory card 701 containing information of pictures taken with the DSC 700 is inserted into a printer 600. The printer 600 fetches picture information from the memory card 701 and prints a picture as a print sample 703 while displaying it on a connected monitor 702. In this system, the DSC 700 corresponds to a camera in an ordinary camera system and the memory card 701 corresponds to a film. If several tens of pictures are taken in the memory card 701, even if there is still a capacity for further storage, the user removes the memory card 701 from the DSC 700 and mounts it on the printer 600. The printer 600 has a function for displaying on the monitor 702 and by a function for displaying a picture stored in the memory card 701 (hereinafter referred to as browsing function), one or multiple pictures are selected and indicated by such an indicating function as a cursor key provided on the printer 600 (corresponding to a procedure of marking a film frame upon asking a photo lab for reprint). If the selection is finished and print is started, the printer 600 continuously prints selected pictures. For the user, this system corresponds to the roles of camera and photo lab of the conventional art basis. Sixth exemplary embodiment The print system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGs. 14-17. In the printer unit of this embodiment, PCMCIA2.1/JEIDA4.2 based PC card which is standardized as a memory card is used and a file system in the card is MS-DOS compatible. As a picture file system, JPEG format is utilized which is actually a standard format in almost all DSCs because it has a high compressibility thereby reducing a file capacity and can be read in most personal computers. The printer uses, for example, a sublimation type thermal transfer engine and its recording picture size is, for example, A6 size. The DSC of each company using the memory card utilizes full-size PC card (ATA card), stamp size CF (compact flash) card, SM (smart media) card or the like. The CF card and SM card can make access substantially as a PC card by mounting it on an adapter card for converting to the PC card size. Therefore, the DSC printer has the widest versatility by being provided with a PC card slot. A structure of the printer 600 is described with reference to a circuit structure diagram of FIG. 14. Its respective components are constituted of hardware, firmware or both. The printer 600 has a connector 601 forming a slot on which the memory card 701 is to be mounted. A card control means 602 controls a controller (not shown) within the memory card 701 connected to the connector 601. A file control means 603 makes access to a file stored in the memory card 701 by using the card control means 602. A file retrieval means 604 retrieves all picture files having a predetermined format stored in the memory card 701 by using the file control means 603. A picture conversion means 605 expands a picture compressed upon recording. A print control means 606 controls an entire print operation of the entire printer 600. A picture data expanded by the picture conversion means 605 is written into a frame memory 607. The picture processing means 608 converts picture data to a data type which can be printed. A print control means 609 drives a thermal head 610 based on data processed by the picture processing means 608. A video signal processing means 611 receives a picture stored in the frame memory 607 and performs video signal transformation to convert to an analog signal. A monitor connection terminal 612 is a terminal for sending a picture signal from a video signal processing means 611 to a monitor. FIG. 15 shows a circuit structure of the picture conversion means 605. A picture information analyzing means 621 analyzes a header portion of a file and extracts necessary information. A picture demodulating means 622 expands a compressed picture in the file using information analyzed by the picture information analyzing means 621. An enlargement/reduction means 623 enlarges or reduces an expanded picture to an appropriate size for storage in the frame memory 607 using picture element information of a picture extracted by the picture information analyzing means 621. Next, an operation is described. The card control means 602 is connected to a controller (not shown) contained in the memory card (PC card) 701 through the connector 601 for the PC card. Because the memory card 701 employs an interface protocol based on the IDE (ATA) hard disk standard for the personal computer, the card control means 602 controls each line according to driving and reading procedures based on the IDE interface. Because the PC card employs a file format based on MS-DOS, the file control means 603 handles a track and sector in the unit of cluster (including multiple sectors) based on MS-DOS, controls each cluster by a table called file allocation table (FAT) and reads/writes an arbitrary file from a file structure having hierarchical directory using an arbitrary path name (directory name + file name). FIG. 16 is an example of a file system having a hierarchical directory structure. A hierarchical directory structure can be produced freely by producing a sub-directory indicated by dirN in the same Figure in a root directory. Because usually this directory is produced by DSC, if the DSC type is limited, the directory structure is fixed so that a directory name and a file name can be determined and read out. However, this embodiment provides an access method not depending on a location of a picture file and a file name, which is capable of flexibly coping with an incompatible directory structure produced arbitrarily by each DSC to secure a compatibility with a memory card produced by various DSCs, based on the fact that the PC card has a physical compatibility and its file system is standardized. A method of making a user explicitly specify a directory name and a file name like the procedure for reading a PC card in a personal computer is also an example of this. To read a file, the user specifies a directory using a user interface of a personal computer, display file names in that directory and if there is a sub-directory, specify it, and finally specify a desired file name. However, this method may not be the best method for the printer. For a printer aiming only to simply select a taken picture to cope with each DSC generally, it is desirable to be able to make an access to a file without being conscious of a file structure which is different among various DSCs and without the necessity of seeing a file name and directory name, that is, to be able to read the file regardless of its directory structure and where the picture file exits therein. The file retrieval means 604 of this embodiment is an indispensable component for this purpose. FIG. 17 shows a procedure in which the file retrieval means 604 retrieves a desired picture file (having a file extension ".jpg") from the directory structure shown in FIG. 16. The retrieval is started from root directory and first files from image01.jpg to image0m.jpg are found. Next, sub-directory dir0 is found and a retrieval object is changed to dir0. In dir0, files from image 11.jpg to image1n.jpg are found. If the sub-directory dir 1 is found out, the retrieval object is changed to that directory. This series operation is repeated. Further, after files from image21.jpg to image2p.jpg are found, each parent directory is retraced step by step. Likewise, dir3, dir4 and dir5 are passed and if files from image51.jpg to image5q.jpg are found, the retrieval operation is terminated. This file retrieval procedure is generally called tree retrieval and can be achieved by a recursive algorithm. Because according to this embodiment, this tree retrieval is used and upon this series retrieval operation, files other than those having a file extension .jpg or an extension corresponding to a readable picture format are neglected, only desired picture files can be retrieved. Further, because an order of retrieved files is not changed if the tree retrieval procedure is not changed, the printer is capable of building a user interface equivalent to sequential arrangement of files. Therefore, as for the printer browsing order, an order of picture files found in this retrieval becomes a specified order. If random access is made, it is recommendable to provide files with a sequence number in the order of finding. A control method in which, first, all files are retrieved and the retrieved multiple file path names are memorized is simple and effective. However, in this embodiment, no path name is stored to reduce a memory size and as required, retrieval is carried out again from the root directory. For example, if it is desired to read out a fifth file, picture files are counted by retrieving the tree from the root directory and a path name of a file corresponding to the fifth position is obtained. The file control means 603 reads a picture file found in this way by .the card control means 602 and sends it to the picture conversion means 605 (this embodiment is described for the case where the picture file format is JPEG). In the picture conversion means 605 shown in FIG. 15, the picture information analyzing means 621 analyzes the header portion of a received file and extracts expansion parameters (XY picture element number, quantizing table, Huffman table, etc.) necessary for JPEG demodulation and other information necessary for the printer. The picture demodulation means 622 demodulates JPEG data stored in the file using a parameter extracted by the picture information analyzing means 621. If the XY picture element number of an original picture extracted by the picture information analyzing means 621 does not coincide with a picture element number of the frame memory 607, the enlargement/reduction means 623 enlarges or reduces that number to a picture element number which can be stored optimally. If an aspect ratio of the picture element of the JPEG picture does not coincide with the aspect ratio of the picture element of the frame memory, an enlargement rate or reduction rate in the X direction or Y direction is changed. For example, a print range of this printer is 640 pixels x 480 pixels and the aspect ratio is 4:3. If a number of picture elements equivalent to BASE of Photo CD (768 pixels x 512 pixels, aspect ratio = 3:2) is input, a larger one of 768/640 = 1.2 or 512/480 = 1.067 is adopted as a reduction rate. In this case, that picture is reduced to 640 pixels x 426 pixels so that it can be accommodated within a print range in a condition so that an edge of the picture is not cut. Further, by adopting a smaller reduction rate and dividing the horizontal direction to 640 pixels, it is also possible to obtain 640 pixels x 480 pixels. By an operation described above, a picture selected by the user interface is read into the frame memory 607. Here, the print control means 606 controls entirely the printer 600 corresponding to the above described user interface. For example, each time when a picture retrieved by the file retrieval means 604 is displayed, the user is asked whether or not he wants to print. If the user selects printing, the printing is carried out by an operation described later and a next picture is displayed. If the user selects to skip, that picture is not printed but a next picture is displayed. Next, an operation of a case in which the print control means 606 instructs printing is described. According to an instruction of the print control means 606, the frame memory 607 sends picture data to the picture processing means 608. The picture processing means 608 produces thermal head driving pulse width data to be transferred to the print control means 609 according to picture data (in this embodiment, Y, Cb, Cr types specified by CCIR601 standard for JPEG) stored in the frame memory. A content of the processing of the picture processing means 608 is as follows. Conversion from Y, Cb, Cr to R, G, B R = y + 1.4 Cr G = Y - 0.344 Cb - 0.714 Cr B = Y + 1.77 Cb Reverse gamma conversion from R, G, B to linear r, g, b excluding picture gamma (usually 0.45) r = R**2.2 g = G**2.2 b = B**2.2 Conversion from r, g, b to three-primary colors Dr, Dg, Db Dr = log(1/R) Dg = log(1/G) Db = log(1/B) Conversion from Dr, Dg, Db to ink density signals C, M, Y by masking processing (3 x 3 matrix operation) for color correction (C, M, Y)t = [A](Dr, Dg, Db)t ([A] indicates 3x3 masking matrix, t indicates transpose) Conversion from ink density signal to driving pulse width data Pwc, Pwm, Pwy necessary for obtaining the density Pwc = f(C) Pwm = f(M) Pwy = f(Y) (f indicates lookup table) According to driving pulse width data Pwc, Pwm, Pwy obtained by the above picture processing, the print control means 609 produces a driving signal for pulse width modulation on the thermal head 610 and transfers a desired ink from a sublimation type ink film to a picture receiving paper through the thermal head 610 to print a full color picture selected by the user. Seventh exemplary embodiment Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention is described. An internal structure of the printer 600 shown in FIG. 14 is the same and the print control means 606 performing a different operation is described. The print control means 606 has the following two print modes. In the first mode the printer 600 retrieves multiple files on the directory tree of FIG. 16 successively using the file retrieval means 604 and reads a picture from each file using the file control means 603 and picture conversion means 605. In this embodiment, the picture conversion means 605 reduces pictures to thumbnail pictures each of which is a smaller size according to an instruction of the print control means 606 and then multiple thumbnail pictures as shown in FIG. 19 are displayed on a monitor 702 from the frame memory 607. The user specifies multiple pictures which he wants to print by moving a selection cursor as shown by a bold line frame on a thumbnail picture on the screen by means of a cursor key and the print control means 606 memorizes its number, path name or picture number. The print control means 606 reads out specified multiple pictures one by one using the file control means 603, expands each picture to a full size of the frame memory 607 by the picture conversion means 605 and prints it using the picture processing means 608 and print control means 609. By repeating this series processing for the selected multiple files, all pictures selected by the user are continuously printed by seeing each thumbnail picture. In the selection of multiple files, a quantity of copies for each selected picture can be set and therefore the same processing as reprint work at photo lab can be automatically carried out. In the second mode, if the print control means 606 confirms that a print control file (in this embodiment, PhotoLst.txt existing in the root directory of FIG. 16) exists at a particular position of the PC card, all procedures from selection of a file to printing is automatically carried out according to control information described in this file. FIG. 18 shows an example of the content of PhotLst.txt. PhotoLst.txt is a text file and an identifier for indicating a print control file is described on the first line. Subsequently, a full path name of a file name of a picture to be printed and a number of prints are described on each line. If the number of prints is 1, the number of prints may be omitted. This example indicates that two pieces of image 12.jpg, a piece of image2g.jpg and three pieces of image53.jpg will be printed in this order. If the print control means 606 confirms an existence of this file, it opens PhotoLst.txt by means of the file control means 603 and memorizes a content of description of each line. According to the content of this description, multiple prints based on the content of PhotoLst.txt is carried out by the same operation as selection of multiple pictures by the thumbnail picture. Registration to PhotoLst.txt of a picture and the number of prints to be printed is carried out through the DSC 700. If a picture taken with the DSC 700 is printed, first of all, the recorded picture is displayed on a liquid crystal display mounted on the DSC 700 and a picture to be printed is selected and that picture is registered through a user interface of the DSC 700. If the registration is executed first, the DSC 700 produces a file named PhotoLst.txt and writes information of a line therein, and each time when another picture is registered, another line is added so as to produce PhotoLst.txt. A feature of the second mode of this embodiment exists in that browsing of a picture using the monitor 702 of the printer 600 is not necessary so that only by inserting a card, all processing is automatically carried out in batch processing. Therefore, the printer 600 is capable of printing a specified picture in a condition that the monitor 702 cannot be connected (e.g. when the printer 600 is taken outdoors). By having the aforementioned two modes, this embodiment provides. ease of use in which a picture to be printed can be determined by seeing multiple thumbnail pictures displayed on a large screen in home use, and convenience in that even in an environment in which the monitor cannot be used because it is taken outdoor, a picture to be printed can be specified by using a liquid crystal display of the DSC. Further because multiple pictures can be specified in batch even if either mode is used, the user does not have to operate the printer during printing so that the picture can be automatically printed. Therefore, a picture determined on the DSC can be automatically printed in a desired quantity without any additional treatment. Eighth exemplary embodiment Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention is described. A printer unit of this embodiment contains a digital interface based on the memory card 701 and an analog interface possessed by a conventional video printer. FIG. 20 shows a structure of the printer 600 of the present embodiment. The structure and operation of this embodiment are the same as FIG. 14 except the following. A printer unit 600 further comprises a video input terminal 613. A video signal processing means 711 has both operations for receiving a picture stored in the frame memory 607 and performing video signal transformation to convert to an analog signal, and for receiving an input signal from the video input terminal 613 and converting the video signal to a form which can be stored in the frame memory 607. A picture signal from the frame memory 607 is written into the memory card 701 through the picture conversion means 705, file control means 603, card control means 602 and connector 601. The frame memory 607 in printer 600 of FIG. 20 carries out two operations. As for a first function, the frame memory 607 functions as a buffer memory for printing a picture read out from the memory card 701thumbnail and functions for helping the user to select a picture to be printed properly as a user interface element by previewing a full-size picture or a thumbnail picture. This function is realized using a picture output function of the video signal processing means 711. A second function is a function which is realized using a picture input function of the video signal processing means 711. Concretely, this is a function for capturing a video signal of NTSC or the like connected to the video input terminal 613. Because this function is a basic function originally provided on a conventional analog video printer, a detailed description is omitted. An analog video signal input from the video input terminal 613 undergoes Y/C separation and decoding to RGB or Y, Cb, Cr by the video signal processing means 711 and further A/D conversion and then the converted signal is stored in the frame memory 607. The stored picture can be printed in the same operation as described in the sixth embodiment. Additionally, in the printer unit of this embodiment, a picture captured by the frame memory 607 is converted to a predetermined file format by the picture conversion means 705 and the file control means 603 stores the file in the memory card 701. Because the picture memorized in the memory card 701 can be read into the frame memory 607 again in the same procedure as for a picture memorized by the DSC 700, a function for storing the captured analog video signal is realized. Another function of this embodiment is to provide an environment in which the analog video camera can be used as freely as the DSC 700. That is, because in a conventional video printer, a captured picture is lost when a next picture is captured, picture feed for reprint cannot be done although simultaneous print is enabled. This embodiment is capable of solving such an inconvenience. Further, because capturing of pictures and storage thereof into the memory card can be carried out and printing of multiple pictures in batch by the function described in the sixth embodiment or seventh embodiment is enabled, the necessity for a user to witness printing of each picture can be eliminated. As described above, according to this embodiment, only by adding a slight function to the video card input type printer, not only the conventional video printer function can be achieved but also all the functions for achieving a print from the DSC using the memory card 701 are available also for analog video input. Therefore, the printer of this embodiment not only can meet requirements of the DSC of each manufacturer corresponding to the memory card but also can print from an analog video movie (including digital video movie) or DSC having no memory card. Although in the above respective embodiments, it has been described that the extension retrieves .jpg, the extension type is not restricted but it is permissible to determine a file format according to header information after each file is opened. Although the above respective embodiments have been described by taking a case in which the memory card is the PC card and the picture file is JPEG as an example, because the requirement of the memory card is only that it is removable and nonvolatile for memorizing a file, the memory card of this invention can be replaced with a floppy disk, hard disk card, MO, optical disk based on phase change, magnetic tape, memory card backed up by power supply and the like. As for the file format, because most picture files have header information and picture information, they can be used under the structure of this embodiment. Further, the file format to be written into the memory card 701 according to the eighth embodiment does not have to meet the JPEG which is used by the DSC as standard but may be of more simple format. Although the thumbnail picture is realized by using the reduction function of the picture conversion means 605, 705, it is a reasonable way to demodulate the JPEG by only DC components upon enlargement of a compressed picture by the picture conversion means 605, 705, so as to directly obtain a 1/8 reduced picture. As described above, in a system of the present invention in which the printer unit, video display unit, video transmission unit and video viewing unit are combined with a digital camera, the digital camera can be freely used even during print, display or transmission of a taken picture. Further in the printer unit or print system according to the present invention, when multi-screen printing is carried out, a vertical direction of each picture is unified. In the printer unit or print system of the present invention, upon reprint operation, the sorting work after the print can be carried out easily. Further, by combining this system with the DSC, the printer unit of the present invention becomes a friendly home print system corresponding to the role of conventional camera shop and photo lab. This invention is capable of ensuring a digital higher quality interface as compared to the other similar systems using the video printer. As compared to the conventional printers directly connected to the DSC through other digital interface, the problem that it takes a long time to transmit a picture has been solved. Further, an effect not seen in the conventional systems has been achieved in that after pictures to be printed are instructed in batch by browsing them on the printer for confirmation, they can be printed without any help of the user. Because the file format of the DSC of each manufacturer is generally converging to JPEG, it is unlikely that there will ever occur a case in which it functions only under a combination with a particular DSC unlike other digital interfaces, so that a high versatility is ensured. When a picture is printed from a memory card recorded with the DSC of each manufacturer, the user can determine a picture to be printed successively while seeing it without being conscious of the directory structure and file name of each manufacturer. Further, by displaying browsed pictures one by one, a picture which a user likes can be printed easily. Multiple pictures taken with the DSC can be displayed in thumbnail fashion and by specifying some pictures of them and a number of copies, multiple pictures can be printed according to that specification. By monitoring pictures by the DSC which took the pictures and specifying a picture to be printed, the specified picture can be automatically printed in a condition in which no monitor is connected to the printer. Further, in case of print from the analog video signal, the same function as for pictures from the DSC, such as picture feed for print and batch print can be achieved, so that a wider versatility for input device can be ensured. Reference Numerals 1 objective lens 2 CCD 3 A/D converter 4 picture compression means 5 picture write means 6 rotating means 7 picture file 8 print control information file 8a processing control information file 8b display control information file 8c communication control information file 9 picture reading means 10 picture enlargement means 11 D/A converter 12 liquid crystal display 13 display feed key 14 display rotation key 15 picture information obtaining means 17 order person specifying key 18 print specifying key 51 print control information obtaining means 51a processing control information obtaining means 52 print order adjusting means 53, 53a print control means 54 frame specifying means 55 order person list forming means 56 double-picture multi-print means 57 multi-print means 58 double zoom processing means 59 print means 100, 100a, 100b, 100c picture-taking unit 101, 101a, 101b, 101c picture-taking means 102, 102a picture selecting means 102b display picture selecting means 102c sending picture selection means 103 print control information storage means 103a processing control information storage means 103b display control information storage means 103c communication control information storage means 104, 104a, 104b, 104c flash memory card 200, 200a printer unit 300 display unit 400 communication unit 401 communication control information obtaining means 402 communication control means 403 communication means 600 printer 601 connector 602 card control means 603 file control means 604 file retrieval means 605, 705 picture conversion means 606 print control means 607 frame memory 608 picture processing means 609 print control means 610 thermal head 611, 711 video signal processing means 612 monitor connection terminal 613 video input terminal 621 picture information analyzing means 622 picture demodulating means 623 enlargement/reduction means 700 digital still camera (DSC) 701 memory card (nonvolatile memory means) 702 monitor 703 print sample S1 switch (shutter button) S2 reproduction switch S3 rotation switch

Claims: A digital camera comprising a non-volatile memory (104) which is separable from said camera; picture-taking means (101) for capturing picture information (7) corresponding to an image and for storing said picture information (7) in said memory (104); a display device for displaying stored picture information; picture selecting means (102) for selecting picture information (7) from said memory; rotation angle setting means for setting a rotation angle of said selected picture; processing control information storage means (103) for storing in said non-volatile memory (104) processing control information (8) indicating how picture information is to be rotated; and means for displaying on said display device said picture information rotated according to said rotation angle set by said rotation angle setting means. A digital camera according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation key (14) for setting said rotation angle of said selected picture information. A digital camera according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said rotation angle is a display rotation angle. A digital camera according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said rotation angle is changed upon actuating the rotation key (14). A digital camera according to claim 4, wherein said rotation angle is changed by 90° upon actuating the rotation key (14). A digital camera according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the size of a displayed picture is automatically adapted to the size of the display (12) when changing said rotation angle. A digital camera according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said process control information (8) comprises order person information. A digital camera according to claim 7, further comprising an order person specifying key (17) for identifying an order person by generating said order person information.

Inventors: FUKUSHIMA TSUMORU, ITO MASANORI, SAKAUE SHIGEO, UEMATSU MICHIHARU, YAMASHITA HARUO, FUKUSHIMA, TSUMORU, ITO, MASANORI, SAKAUE, SHIGEO, UEMATSU, MICHIHARU, YAMASHITA, HARUO, Fukushima, Tsumoru, 3-1011, Granduru Kamogawa
Applicants: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD, MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H04N5
IPC codes: H04N1, H04N5