A terminal box for a refrigeration compressor

Abstract: A terminal box (2) for a refrigeration compressor (4) of refrigeration apparatus (6), comprising control means (10) for automatically controlling the operation of the refrigeration compressor (4), the control means (10) being a solid state control means which comprises first and second timers (16, 18). The first timer (16) is for providing an adjustable time delay for at least one oil pressure differential switch (20, 22) to control the period before the oil pressure differential switch (20, 22) is able to be re-set after operation whereby refrigerant which is mixed with oil is removed from the oil as refrigerant gas and the oil is then able to provide optimum lubrication for a motor (19) of the refrigeration compressor. The second timer (18) is for controlling the starting of the motor (19). The motor (19) has windings and an armature, and the second timer ensures that during start up of the motor (19), the windings receive only part of the maximum available current until the armature is rotating sufficiently fast for the windings to receive the maximum available current without damage being caused to the motor (19).

Description: This invention relates to a terminal box for a refrigeration compressor. The refrigeration compressor is for refrigeration apparatus. Refrigeration apparatus for refrigerated rooms, large refrigerators and air conditioning is well known. The refrigeration apparatus is operated by a refrigeration compressor. The refrigeration compressors are designed to operate over a wide range of refrigeration and ambient temperatures, in dependence upon desired applications. The known refrigeration apparatus is traditionally controlled from a remote control panel. The remote control panel comprises electrical and electronic components sourced from different sources. These components are frequently assembled on site. It is often inconvenient for the control panel to be a remote control panel. It is also often inconvenient to have to assemble various electrical and electronic components on site. US-A-4084406 discloses a terminal box for a refrigeration compressor, the refrigeration compressor being a refrigeration compressor for refrigeration apparatus, and the terminal box comprising control means for automatically controlling the operation of the refrigeration compressor. The control means is a solid state control means which comprises a first timer. The first timer is for controlling the starting of a motor of the refrigeration compressor. The motor is such that it has a winding and an armature. The timer is such to ensure that during start up of the motor, the windings are only partly energised until such time as the armature is rotating sufficiently fast for the windings to be fully energised without damage being caused to the motor. US-A-4081636 discloses a differential pressure cut out switch with time delay. However, the time delay is not adjustable and the purpose of the time delay is not defined. It is an aim of the present invention to obviate or reduce the above mentioned problems. Accordingly, the present invention provides a terminal box for a refrigeration compressor, the refrigeration compressor being a refrigeration compressor for refrigeration apparatus, and the terminal box comprising control means for automatically controlling the operation of the refrigeration compressor, the control means being a solid state control means which comprises a first timer, the first timer being for controlling the starting of the motor of the refrigeration compressor, the motor being such that it has windings and an armature, and the first timer being such as to ensure that during start up of the motor, the windings are only partly energised until such time as the armature is rotating sufficiently fast for the windings to be fully energised without damage being caused to the motor, and the terminal box being characterised in that the solid state control means comprises at least a second timer, the second timer being for providing an adjustable time delay for at least one oil pressure differential switch in order to control the period before the oil pressure differential switch is able to be effective whereby refrigerant which is mixed with oil is removed from the oil as refrigerant gas and the oil is then able to provide optimum lubrication for the refrigeration compressor. By providing the terminal box on the refrigeration compressor, the refrigeration apparatus can simply and easily be automatically controlled from the very heart of the refrigeration apparatus, namely the refrigeration compressor. There is no need to have a remote control panel. Still further, the terminal box can be factory assembled so that it can be mounted on and supplied by the original refrigeration compressor manufacturer. There is no need for time consuming assembly on site requiring specialised assembly engineers. If desired, the terminal box may include further timers for preventing short cycling of the refrigeration compressor due to thermal protection devices embedded in the windings of the electric motor of the refrigeration compressor. The terminal box may be one in which the second timer provides the adjustable time delay for two of the oil pressure differential switches, one being a low oil pressure differential switch and the other being a high oil pressure differential switch. The motor which is controlled by the first timer may be a part wind motor. Alternatively, the motor which is controlled by the first timer may be a star delta motor. The terminal box may be one in which the control means includes alarm means, and diagnostic means for diagnosing after operation of the alarm means while the alarm means is activated. Usually, the diagnostic means will include a display assembly. Advantageously, the diagnostic means is operated by a hand held diagnostic unit. Part of the diagnostic means may be in the hand held diagnostic unit. The terminal box may include a data logger. The data logger may thus provide a record of operation of the control means including the occurrence of faults. The present invention also provides a refrigeration compressor having one of the terminal boxes. The present invention still further provides refrigeration apparatus comprising one of the refrigeration compressors. An embodiment of the invention will now be described solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of refrigeration apparatus including a refrigeration compressor which is provided with a terminal box; Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the terminal box; Figure 3 shows how the terminal box fits in place on the refrigeration compressor; Figure 4 shows in block schematic form the structure of control means for automatically controlling the operation of the refrigeration compressor; Figure 5 is a block diagram showing the operation of software forming part of the control means; Figure 6 is a block diagram of the controller means and shows also in table form inputs and outputs; Figure 7 shows the physical structure of the control means and illustrates its solid state nature; and Figure 8 shows a display assembly with typical displays. Referring to Figures 1 and 3, there is shown a terminal box 2 for a refrigeration compressor 4. The refrigeration compressor 4 forms part of refrigeration apparatus 6. The refrigeration apparatus 6 includes a heat exchange device 8. Apart from the terminal box 2, the general construction of the refrigeration compressor 4 and the refrigeration apparatus 6 is well known and so it will not be described again in detail. The terminal box 2 comprises control means 10, various parts of which are shown in Figures 4 - 7. The control means 10 is for automatically controlling the operation of the refrigeration compressor 4. As best appreciated from Figure 7, the control means 10 is a solid state control means. The terminal box 2 is a right-angled terminal box 2 as can best be appreciated from Figure 2. The terminal box 2 comprises a body 12 which contains the control means 10 (not shown in Figure 2) and a lid 14 for closing the body 2. The control means 10 comprises a second timer 16 and a first timer 18. The second timer 16 is for providing an adjustable time delay to two oil pressure differential switches, one being a low oil pressure differential switch 20 and the other being a high oil pressure differential switch 22, see Figure 7. The first timer 18 is for controlling the starting of a motor 19 of the refrigeration compressor 4. The motor 19 is such that it has windings and an armature. The first timer 18 is such that during start up of the motor 19, the windings receive only part of the maximum available energy until such time as the armature is rotating sufficiently fast for the windings to receive the maximum available current without damage being caused to the motor 19. The motor 19 may be a part wind motor or, alternatively, it may be a star delta motor. The control means 10 includes alarm means 24 and diagnostic means 26. The diagnostic means 26 is for diagnosing after operation of the alarm means 24, while the alarm means 24 is activated. The diagnostic means 26 includes a remote display assembly 28. The display assembly 28 may be in a hand held diagnostic unit 30 as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, the hand held diagnostic unit 30 is shown being held by an engineer 32 who is interrogating the control means 10 in the terminal box 2. Figure 7 shows a terminal connection device 34 for providing an appropriate display in the hand held diagnostic unit 30. The diagnostic means 26 includes a data logger for providing a record of operation of the control means 10. Figure 4 shows in block diagram form the operation of the control means 10. Figure 5 shows a flow chart of software used to run the control means 10. Figures 4 and 5 with their explanatory wording are believed to be self-explanatory. Figure 6 shows in block diagram form with explanatory wording the construction and operation of the control means 10. Figure 7 shows an example of a specific solid state layout for the control means 10. The various parts in Figures 6 and 7 have been marked for ease of understanding. Figure 6 also gives input and output details in tabular form as shown, together with the type of the input and output, and the function. Figure 8 shows a display assembly 28 and shows typical displays that may be seen by the display assembly 28. The meaning of the displays have been given in the right hand column shown in Figure 8 for ease of understanding. The terminal box 2 shown in the drawings with its control means 10 replaces the traditional remote control panel that has previously been used for controlling the operation of refrigeration compressors such as the refrigeration compressor 4. The control means 10 is arranged to be automatic, even to the extent that it has the alarm means 24, together with the diagnostic means 26 for diagnosing why the alarm means tripped. The control means 10 has the ability to down load to computer apparatus or a modem. The hand held diagnostic unit 30 provides a very convenient way of interrogating the control means 10. The terminal box 2 with its control means 10 can be fitted to the refrigeration compressor 4 at the time when the refrigeration compressor 4 is being made. Thus the fitting can be effected by the manufacturer of the refrigeration compressor 4 and there is then no need for parts being assembled on site as currently occurs. In most existing control systems, the timer for controlling the oil differential pressure and the timer for starting the motor are separate add on switches which come from different sources, they are not solid state devices, and they have to be assembled on site. The control means 10 in the terminal box 2 of the present invention requires no assembly as occurs with previous known control means and the control means 10 simply has to be set and adjusted via a set up unit 36 as shown in Figure 7. The second timer 16 operates to provide an adjustable time delay before resetting the oil pressure differential switches 20 and 22. The requirement for such a timer 16 is because, following the operation of the either the low oil pressure differential switch 20 or the high oil pressure differential switch 22, the oil within the refrigeration compressor 6 becomes temporarily contaminated with liquid refrigerant. This causes frothing and general dilution of the oil as a lubricant. By delaying the operation of the switches 20, 22, time is given for the oil in the refrigeration compressor 4 to stabilize as the liquid refrigerant boils off into refrigerant gas. This leaves good pure oil in the refrigeration compressor 4, for providing required lubrication. Refrigeration compressors 4 are generally designed to operate over a wide range of refrigeration and ambient temperatures, in dependence upon the actual intended use of the refrigeration apparatus 6. An appropriate time span before it is safe to restart the refrigeration compressor 4 may be from 6 - 120 seconds. The second timer 16 thus has to be adjustable in order to be able to provide the required time delay. It is to be appreciated that the embodiment of the invention described above with reference to the accompanying drawings has been given by way of example only and that modifications within the scope of the claims may be effected. Thus, for example, the control means 10 may be different from that shown in the drawings but still falling under the scope of the claims.

Claims: A terminal box (2) for a refrigeration compressor (4), the refrigeration compressor (4) being a refrigeration compressor (4) for refrigeration apparatus (6), and the terminal box (2) comprising control means (10) for automatically controlling the operation of the refrigeration compressor (4), the control means (10) being a solid state control means (10) which comprises a first timer (18), the first timer (18) being for controlling the starting of a motor (19) of the refrigeration compressor (4), the motor (19) being such that it has windings and an armature, and the first timer (18) being such as to ensure that during start up of the motor (19), the windings are only partly energised until such time as the armature is rotating sufficiently fast for the windings to be fully energised without damage being caused to the motor (19), and the terminal box (2) being characterised in that the solid state control means (10) comprises at least a second timer (16), the second timer (16) being for providing an adjustable time delay for at least one oil pressure differential switch (20,22) in order to control the period before the oil pressure differential switch (20,22) is able to be effective whereby refrigerant which is mixed with oil is removed from the oil as refrigerant gas and the oil is then able to provide optimum lubrication for the refrigeration compressor (4). A terminal box (2) according to claim 1 and including further timers for preventing short cycling of the refrigeration compressor (4) due to thermal protection devices embedded in the windings of the motor (19) of the refrigeration compressor (4). A terminal box (2) according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the second timer (16) provides the adjustable time delay for two of the oil pressure differential switches (20,22), one being a low oil pressure differential switch (20) and the other being a high oil pressure differential switch (22). A terminal box (2) according to any one of the preceding claims in which the motor (19) which is controlled by the first timer (18) is a part wind motor. A terminal box (2) according to any one of claims 1 - 3 in which the motor (19) which is controlled by the first timer (18) is a star delta motor. A terminal box (2) according to any one of the preceding claims in which the control means (10) includes alarm means (24), and diagnostic means (26) for diagnosing after operation of the alarm means (24) while the alarm means (24) is activated. A terminal box (2) according to claim 6 in which the diagnostic means (26) includes a display assembly (28). A terminal box (2) according to claim 6 or claim 7 in which the diagnostic means (26) is operated by a hand held diagnostic unit (30). A terminal box (2) according to any one of the preceding claims and including a data logger. A refrigeration compressor (4) having a terminal box (2) according to any one of the preceding claims. Refrigeration apparatus (6) comprising a refrigeration compressor (4) according to claim 10.

Inventors: GITTOES EDWIN ARTHUR, GITTOES, EDWIN ARTHUR
Applicants: ARCTIC CIRCLE LTD, ARCTIC CIRCLE LIMITED
Application year: 1998
Main classification: F25B49
IPC codes: H02K5, F25B31, F25B49, H02K11