PURGING METHOD AND PURGING APPARATUS

Abstract: Disclosed is a purging apparatus for conducting an air purge required when an equipment such as a split type air conditioner is installed or repaired, and to a to-be purged apparatus and a purging method: a to-be purged apparatus having a to-be purged room with two or more valve openings capable of connecting to a main circuit or to a circuit other than said main circuit; and a purging apparatus having a replacing gas container into which a replacing gas to be exchanged for a to-be purged gas is previously charged and a gas collecting container for collecting gas including said to-be purged gas, one of said valve openings of said to-be purged room and said exchanger gas container can be connected with each other, and the other valve opening of said to-be purged room and said gas collecting container can be connected with each other; said method comprising the steps of: sending said exchanger gas in said exchanger gas container, thereby pushing out said to-be purged gas in said to-be purged apparatus; and collecting said to-be purged gas into said gas collecting container.

Description: The present invention relates to a purging apparatus for conducting an air purge required when an equipment such as a split type air conditioner is installed or repaired, and to a purging method. BACKGROUND TECHNIQUE Conventionally, in the case of a split type air conditioner, since its connecting pipes and its indoor heat exchanger are exposed to atmosphere and air exists therein, a purging operation for removing the air is required. Such an operation will be explained with reference to Fig.25. In a general split type air conditioner, before it is installed, a refrigerant gas is charged in an outdoor unit 101. The outdoor unit 101 and an indoor unit 102 are connected using connecting pipes 103 by installing operation. After installing operation is completed, in order to remove the air existing in an indoor heat exchanger 104 and the connecting pipes 103, the refrigerant gas in the outdoor unit 101 is sent out from a 2-way valve 105 little by little to push out the air in the indoor heat exchanger 104 and the connecting pipes 103 to discharge the air from a service port 107 of a 3-way valve 106 which is another connection valve mounted to the outdoor unit 101. Japanese Patent Application No.H9-133440 discloses a similar example of the purging method in a system using a refrigerant including hydro fluorocarbon as a working fluid. Constituent members having the same functions as those shown in Fig.25 are designated by the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted. As shown in Fig.26, after the separate air conditioner is connected, a container 108 into which hydrocarbon gas having a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is charged is connected to the service port 107. Another service port 110 capable of opening into atmosphere is mounted also to a connection 3-way valve 109 of the other outdoor unit. With this structure, the hydrocarbon gas is released into the system to push the inside air, and the service port 110 is opened into the atmosphere to conducting the air purge. There is another method to remove non-condensation gas such as air by connecting a vacuum pump to the service port 107 in Fig.25 to forcibly remove the inside air. This method is generally carried out in the installing and repairing operation. However, according to the above-described conventional methods, the refrigerant gas which is sent out as an exchanger gas is discharged out into atmosphere at the time of air purge, which may adversely affect global environment such as global warming. Further, when the replacing gas(hereinafter sometimes referred to as exchanger gas) is a flammable material or a toxic material, there is a problem that such gas must be discharged out, which may bring a worker and the circumferential environment into an extremely dangerous state. WO-A-92 16801 reveals a method using similar devices in a similar way as the present invention but lacks the step of collecting the to-be purged gas in the evacuated into vacuum or depressurized gas collecting. This feature is not in any way disclosed in any one of the cited documents. With this structure, since the pressure at the gas collecting container side is lowered, a pressure difference is generated and the exchanger gas can be moved from the exchanger gas container without using some costly device such as a gas pump. The advantages are significant, since the purging operation can be carried out in a more simple way without complicating the method and the apparatus. JP 09 292 168 discloses a split type air-conditioning system having a first unit with a compressor filled with working medium and a first heat-exchanger and having a second unit with a second heat-exchanger. Both units are connected by piping. The first unit has two openings with one valve each connected thereto. Before the working medium is caused to flow from the first unit through the piping to the second unit, hydrocarbon gas from a gas container is fed through one of the valves and openings into the first unit and released through the other opening and valve into the environment in order to purge the compressor from air. JP 09 292 168 does not mention or suggest a gas collecting container to collect the gases necessary to purge the air from the compressor, nor does JP 09 292 168 teach to purge the air-conditioning system as a whole. Subject matter as claimed in JP 09 292 168 is therefore not capable of removing all the air from the air-conditioning system and is not able to prevent the gas used to purge the system from escaping into the environment. Moreover does JP 09 292 168 not reveal or does in any way suggest to provide gas adsorbing material in any part of system described in JP 09 292 168. In JP 09 292 168 gas adsorbing material provided in a gas collection container is not disclosed at all. In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a purging method, a purging unit and a to-be purged unit which has a simple structure and which does not discharge the refrigerant gas to atmosphere when an equipment such as a split type air conditioner requiring the air purge is installed. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention concerns a purging method according to claim 1, a purging apparatus according to claim 11 and the combination of a to-be purged apparatus connected to a purging apparatus according to claim 11. With this method and structure, by exchanging air in the to-be purged room to the replacing gas, it is possible to remove non-condensation gas such as air which may adversely affects the actual operation of the equipment. Further, a room of the replacing gas used for purging is collected into the gas collecting container together with the to-be purged gas and therefore, it is possible to prevent a material causing global warming such as refrigerant gas or a dangerous material such as flammable gas from being discharged into atmosphere. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a conceptional block diagram of a purging apparatus; Fig.2 is a block diagram of the purging apparatus; Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the purging apparatus; Fig.4 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing the invention; Fig.5 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing embodiments of the invention; Fig.6 is a block diagram of a replacing gas container of an embodiment of the invention; Fig.7 is a block diagram of a gas collecting container of the embodiment of the invention according to figure 6; Fig.8 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing another embodiment of the invention; Fig.9 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.10 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.11 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.12 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 13 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.14 is a block diagram of a replacing gas container side an embodiment of the invention; Fig.15 is a block diagram of a gas collecting container side showing the embodiment of the invention of figure 14. Fig.16 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing another embodiment of the invention; Fig.17 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.18 is one example of a control flowchart of the embodiment of the invention of figure 17. Fig.19 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing another embodiment of the invention; Fig.20 is one example of a control flowchart of the embodiment of the invention of figure 19. Fig.21 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.22 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.23 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing a design of a purging apparatus; Fig.24 is a block diagram of the apparatus showing an embodiment of the invention; Fig.25 is a block diagram showing a first conventional example; and Fig.26 is a block diagram showing a second conventional example. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In Fig.1 a conceptional block diagram of a purging apparatus and a to-be purged apparatus forexplaining a purging method of the present invention. In this method, a to-be purged apparatus 1 having a room in which a to-be purged gas is accumulated and a purging apparatus 2 having a replacing gas container 3 in which a replacing gas is charged and a gas collecting container 4 for collecting the to-be purged gas are connected to each other. A purging operation is carried out such that the replacing gas in the replacing gas container 3 is sent out in order to push out the to-be purged gas in the to-be purged apparatus 1, the pushed out to-be purged gas is collected in the gas collecting container 4 thereby removing the to-be purged gas which is unnecessary when the to-be purged apparatus 1 is used for its original purpose, the pushed out to-be purged gas and the replacing gas mixed thereinto are collected in the gas collecting container 4 so that the replacing gas is not discharged outside. Fig.2 is a schematic diagram of a split type air conditioner which an indoor unit and an outdoor unit are connected through connecting pipes using R22 as working fluid. When the split type air conditioner is used for the original purpose as an air conditioner, an outdoor unit 5 and an indoor unit 6 are connected to each other through connecting pipes 7 to constitute a "main circuit". However, before the system is run, it is remove to discharge "to-be purged gas" such as air in which the connecting pipe and indoor heatexchangers (to-be purged room) including the connecting pipe whose interior is exposed to atmosphere and a heat exchanger of the indoor unit. As a structure for discharging the to-be purged gas, the replacing gas container 3 in which the replacing gas is charged and the gas collecting container 4 are respectively connected to 3-way valves 9 mounted to the outdoor unit 5 of the air conditioner. Next, procedure of the purging operation to be carried out in the above-described structure will be explained. The replacing gas is charged into the replacing gas container 3 at the pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. By opening the valve at the exchanger replacing gas container 3, the replacing gas in the replacing gas container 3 flows out into the to-be purged room by the pressure difference, thereby pushing out the accumulated air from the to-be purged room. On the other hand, the pushed out air flows into the gas collecting container 4, and a room of the replacing gas also flows into the gas collecting container 4. After the replacing gas is sufficiently sent out, the replacing gas container 3, the gas collecting container 4, and the 3-way valves 9 are closed so that the gas should not leak out, and they are separated again to complete the purging operation. With this operation, the to-be purged room is replaced with the replacing gas, and non-condensation gas does not exist therein. Here, it is preferable that the replacing gas previously charged in the replacing gas container 3 is a refrigerant gas used for refrigeration, and examples of such gas are propane, fluoro carbon refrigerant, and it is preferable that such gas is charged in the replacing gas container 3 at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. Although the present design has been explained while taking the case of air conditioner, a scope of the present invention should not be limited to this only, and the present invention can be applied to an apparatus or an equipment which requires a purging operation in a wide sense. Further, it is described that the to-be purged apparatus has at least two connection valves in the present embodiment, if the to-be purged circuit has a complicated structure and one pipe is diverged into many pipes and the pipe is used for such a purpose, the diverged pipes are also provided at their tip ends with valve openings. Therefore, if arbitrary two of the diverged pipes may be connected to the purging apparatus 2 for conducting the purging operation, the inside to-be purged gas can be exchanged in the same manner as the present invention. Further, although the purging apparatus 2 comprises the exchanger gas container 3 and the gas collecting container 4, they need not be placed on the same pedestal, and it is possible to use them in different places in accordance with a required condition. The collected to-be purged gas is divided into air and the replacing gas by an exclusive gas collecting apparatus, and is processed. As described above, it is possible to remove the non-condensation gas such as air which adversely affects the actual operation of the equipment by exchanging the air in the to-be purged for the replacing gas, and a room of the replacing gas which was used for purging is collected in the gas collecting container together with the to-be pursed gas . Therefore, it is possible to prevent a material causing global warming such as HCFC or flammable gas from being discharged into atmosphere. Next, Fig.2 will be described again, while taking the case of the split type air conditioner. In Fig.2, the outdoor unit 5 and the indoor unit 6 are connected with each other using the connecting pipes 7 respectively. When the air conditioner is installed, since there is air in the connecting pipes 7 and the pipe of the indoor heat exchanger 8, it is necessary to purge the air in such room in order to use the air conditioner. Thereupon, when the purging is carried out in these rooms, the opposite ends of the to-be purged room which are most separated from each other are connection rooms of the connecting pipes 7 with the outdoor unit 5, and in the present embodiment, 3-way valves 9 are mounted to the connection rooms. At the time of the purging operation, the 3-way valves 9 are connected to the replacing gas container 3 and the gas collecting container 4, respectively. If the purging operation is carried out using these passages, there is no pipe in which air remains and therefore, the purging can sufficiently be carried out using only the two valves. As described above, by providing the valve openings for connecting with the purging apparatus at opposite ends which are most separated rooms in the to-be purged passage, it is possible to exchange the gas without forming stagnation of the to-be purged gas in the to-be purged passage and therefore, it is possible to constituted the apparatus using the minimum number of valves for purging. In Fig.3, a gas pump 10 as gas moving means is disposed on a connection passage between the replacing gas container 3 and one end of the to-be purged apparatus. A little amount of exchanger gas of a pressure of about 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) , for example, which should be enough quantity to push out inside air, is charged into the replacing gas container 3. With this structure of the apparatus, the purging operation is carried out such that the gas pump 10 is operated to send out the replacing gas in the replacing gas container 3 into the to-be purged room so that the to-be purged gas such as air is pushed out. With the above structure, since the gas in the to-be purged room can easily be moved toward the gas collection container by providing the gas moving means in the passage of the to-be purged room, it is unnecessary to move the replacing gas using the pressure difference by excessively increasing the pressure of the replacing gas in the gas collecting container and therefore, it is unnecessary to charge the excessive exchanger gas, and a container and a piping apparatus which can withstand a high pressure are unnecessary. Next, the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.4. As shown in Fig.4, a replacing gas adsorbent 11 made of, e.g., silica gel or porous material is contained in the gas collecting container 4. The to-be purged gas pushed by the replacing gas during the purging operation is collected into the gas collecting container 4 together with a room of the replacing gas. The exchanger gas collected in the gas collecting container 4 can be adsorbed by the replacing gas adsorbent 11 and therefore, the pressure in the container is correspondingly lowered by the adsorbed amount, which makes it easy to collect the to-be purged gas. With the above structure, since the replacing gas adsorbent is contained in the gas collecting container, the replacing gas sent out into the gas collecting container together with the to-be purged gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent, the pressure in the container is correspondingly lowered by the adsorbed amount, which makes it easy to collect the to-be purged gas. Therefore, the purging operation can be carried out more effectively. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.3 again. In Fig. 3, the gas collecting container 4 is previously evacuated before operating purging. With this structure, a pressure of the to-be purged gas at the side of the gas collecting container 4 becomes lower, the collection of the gas becomes easy correspondingly, and the replacing gas sent out from the replacing gas container 3 can be moved smoothly. With the above structure, since the pressure of the to-be purged gas at the side of the gas collecting container 4 becomes lower, a pressure difference can be generated without using the gas pump and, the replacing gas can be pushed out the replacing gas container and therefore, the purging operation can be carried out without complicating the apparatus. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.5. In Fig.5, the replacing gas container 3 and/or the gas collecting container 4 is cylindrical shaped having a constant cross section, and is provided at its bottom with a hole 12 communicated with atmosphere. A piston 13 is longitudinally movably received in the container. The piston 13 defined the replacing gas container 3 or the gas collecting container 4 into a to-be purged room side and an atmosphere side by a seal material 14. Next, one example of the purging operation using this apparatus will be explained. A replacing gas having a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure is previously charged into the replacing gas container 3. At that time, as the replacing gas is charged, the piston 12 enlarges the volume of the room in which the replacing gas is contained, and when the piston 12 enlarges the space volume to the maximum level, it stops at the bottom of the container. On the other hand, in the case where the gas collecting container 4 includes the piston 13, when the gas collecting container 4 is connected to the to-be purged apparatus 1, the piston 13 is pulled up to an upper surface of the gas collecting container 4 so that the volume of a chamber at the side in which the to-be purged gas flows in becomes zero. From this state, if the gas pump 10 is operated, the replacing gas in the replacing gas container 3 is sent out to push out the to-be purged gas into the gas collecting container 4. At that time, as the replacing gas is sent out, a pressure in the chamber containing the replacing gas at the side of the replacing gas container 3 is lowered compared to the state before and thus, the piston 12 rises to reduce the volume. That is, even if the replacing gas is sent out, the replacing gas container 3 is not evacuated as compared with a closed container and therefore, the replacing gas is moved smoothly, and the gas pump 10 is not evacuated easily. On the other hand, as the to-be purged gas flows in the gas collecting container 4, the piston 13 is lowered to enlarge the gas collection space so that the internal pressure is substantially kept at atmospheric pressure. Therefore, a counterpressure is not easily applied from the gas collecting container 4 toward the to-be purged room, and gas is smoothly collected. At least one of the replacing gas container 3 and the gas collecting container 4 has the above-described structure, the above-described effect can be obtained as compared with a normal hermetic container, and the purging operation can be carried out more effectively. An amount of the replacing gas to be charged into the replacing gas container 3 may be adjusted in accordance with a volume of the to-be purged room. If a volume of the replacing gas container 3 is smaller than that of the to-be purged room, a pressure of the gas may be slightly increased, and if the volume of the replacing gas container 3 is greater than that of the to-be purged room on the other hand, a less amount of gas may be charged. With the above structure, since a volume of the gas collecting container 4 is variable, the to-be purged gas flows in the gas collecting container 4 in an amount corresponding to an amount of pushed out exchanger gas during the purging operation, the pressure in the container is not increased by the inflow of the gas and therefore, it is possible to smoothly collect the pushed gas. Further, the gas collecting container 4 need not be a pressure container and thus, the purging operation can smoothly be carried out with a simple apparatus. Further, since the volume of the replacing gas container 3 is variable, when the interior exchanger gas is sent out by the gas moving means or the like, the pressure in the container is not brought into lower pressure which may pull the replacing gas back so that a counterpressure is not applied to the gas flow, and the purge operation can be carried out smoothly. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs.5 to 7. First, an improvement of the replacing gas container 3 will be explained. In Fig.6, the present embodiment is different from the last embodiment in that a volume variable driving apparatus 15 (here, for example, it is a screw type handle) for directly acting on the piston 13 to vertically move the piston 13, and the gas pump 10 is unnecessary in the purging apparatus 2. As means mounted in a pipe for moving the gas, the gas pump 10 is general means. However, in the present embodiment, the replacing gas container 3 is worked, the piston 13 is moved using the screw type handle 15 for example, the replacing gas in the replacing gas container 3 is directly sent out, thereby moving the to-be purged gas or the replacing gas, also without using a high cost device such as the pump 10. With the above structure, it is unnecessary to provide a high cost equipment such as the gas moving apparatus, the replacing gas can easily be sent out only at the side of the replacing gas container 3 and therefore, an inexpensive apparatus can be provided. Next, an improvement of the gas collecting container 4 will be explained. In Fig.7, the present embodiment is different from the previous embodiment in that a volume variable driving apparatus 15 (here, it is a screw type handle) for directly acting on the piston 13 to vertically move the piston 13, and the gas pump 10 is unnecessary in the purging apparatus 2. As means mounted in a pipe for moving the gas, the gas pump 10 is general means. However, in the present embodiment, the gas collecting container 4 is worked, the piston 13 is moved using the screw type handle 15 for example, a volume of a space in which the to-be purged gas in the gas collecting container 4 enters is enlarged, thereby moving the to-be purged gas or the replacing gas, without using a high cost device such as the pump 10. With the above structure, the to-be purged gas can easily be sent out only at the side of the gas collecting container 4 and therefore, an inexpensive apparatus can be provided. Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be explained.According to the present embodiment, the to-be purged apparatus is a split type air conditioner using R410A as a working fluid. As the working fluid, R410A is used as the replacing gas which is previously charged in the replacing gas container 3. As the replacing gas, a refrigerant gas other than R410A, such as R32, R125 or R290 having a component of the R410A may be used. However, if a gas such as R290 is used in this air conditioner, such a gas may adversely affect a air-tight used in the equipment or an insulation material of a compressor motor. Further, if R32 or R125 having the same component as R410A is used alone as the replacing gas, there is a possibility that the gas may become a working fluid different from a desired charging component, and it may adversely affect the performance of the system. Especially when a flammable refrigerant such as R32 is used as one component like in R410A is used as in the replacing gas, there is a possibility.that R410A which should be a non-flammable material may changed into a flammable composition as a whole. Therefore, ascending to the working fluid of the system if the replacing gas has the same component as that of the working fluid, these problems can be solved. With the above reasons, since the replacing gas is made of exactly the same material as that of the working fluid, this should not adversely affect the operation and performance as an equipment, and since a foreign material is not mixed in the replacing gas, it is possible to enhance the reliability of the equipment very easily without optional test to check the reliability. Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs.8(a) to 8(c). First, in Fig.8(a), the present embodiment is characterized in that the replacing gas container and the gas collecting container are integrally formed to constituted an integral container 16, and the integral container 16 is defined into two chambers 17 and 18 by partitioning means (such as gas impermeable film) 19. Next, the procedure of the purging operation will be explained. As shown in Fig.8(b) , the replacing gas is charged in the replacing gas chamber 18 of the integral container 16 at the side of the gas pump before the purging operation is started. When the purging operation is started, the replacing gas in the replacing gas chamber 18 is sent out into the to-be purged room through the gas pump 10, the volume of the replacing gas chamber 18 is reduced, and the volume of the collection gas chamber 17 is enlarged, so that the to-be purged gas is sucked and collected. Therefore, a load on the gas pump 10 becomes smaller, and the gas can be collected more effectively. Further, since the replacing gas chamber 18 and the collection gas chamber 17 commonly use the same space, it is possible to reduce the volume down to about one half as compared with a case where the replacing gas container and the gas collecting container are independently provided and therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the purging apparatus. With the above structure, the replacing gas container and the gas collecting container commonly use a container space as the integral container 16, the volume of the replacing gas container is reduced by a sent out amount of the replacing gas, and the volume of the gas collecting container is increased by the same amount. Therefore, a volume of one of the replacing gas container and the gas collecting container will suffice for the container space as the purging apparatus, which can reduce the size of the apparatus, and it is possible to bring the apparatus easier to a site where the purging operation should be carried out. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.9. In Fig.9, the present tenth embodiment is different from the last but one embodiment in that the integral container 16 is a cylindrical container having a constant cross section, and a partition between the replacing gas chamber 18 and the collection gas chamber 17 is a piston 13 which is movable in its longitudinal direction. The procedure of the purging operation is the same as that of the last but one embodiment, but the present embodiment is superior to said embodiment in working property of the apparatus itself and practicality. As described above, the partitioning plate between the replacing gas container and the gas collecting container is constituted by the piston 13 movable along the cylinder and therefore, it is possible to provide a purging apparatus which can easily be worked and assembled in an actual formation of the apparatus. Next, another embodiment will be explained with reference to Fig.10. In Fig.10, the present embodiment is different from the ninth embodiment in that a volume variable driving apparatus 15 (here, it is a screw type handle) for directly acting on the piston 13 to move the piston 13 in the longitudinal direction, and the gas pump 10 is unnecessary in the purging apparatus. As means mounted in a pipe for moving the gas, the gas pump or the like is general means. However, in the present embodiment, the piston 13 is directly moved using the screw type handle 15 or the like, the replacing gas in the replacing gas chamber 18 is sent out, and a volume of a space in which the to-be purged gas of the collection gas chamber 17 enters is enlarged, thereby flouring smoothly the to-be purged gas or the replacing gas, without using a high cost device such as the gas pump. With the above structure, the purging operation can be carried out without providing the high cost gas moving means, and the sending out operation of the replacing gas and the collecting operation of the to-be purged gas can be carried out simultaneously. Therefore, the purging operation can be carried out more effectively with a simple structure of the apparatus. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained. According to the high pressure law of high pressure gas, it is necessary that a container for liquefied gas having a pressure equal to or greater than 0.2MPa (gauge pressure) must be a pressure-resistant container which is restricted by the low. In this case, the pressure-resistant container tends to be heavier and more expansive in view of keeping enough strength and receiving examination. Therefore, by setting the pressure of the replacing gas to be previously charged in the replacing gas container to a value equal to 0.0MPa or greater but smaller than 0.2MPa, it is unnecessary to use the pressure-resistant container and therefore, it is possible to constitute the apparatus which is more inexpensive and lighter in weight. Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.11. In Fig.11, a Bourdon pressure gage 20 capable of measuring the pressure of the replacing gas is mounted to the replacing gas container 3. During the operation for charging the replacing gas into the replacing gas container 3 from a replacing gas cylinder 21 before the purging operation, if the replacing gas is charged while checking the Bourdon pressure gauge 20, it is possible to control the amount of the replacing gas at a predetermined;necessary pressure, and it is possible to easily prevent excessive charging or insufficient charging. With this above structure, when the replacing gas is charged into the replacing gas container from, e.g., the replacing gas cylinder 21 before the purging operation, the gas can be charged while checking the charging pressure, the excessive charging of the replacing gas can be prevented, and it is possible to charge the replacing gas in an appropriate amount. An embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.12. In Fig.12, the replacing gas is charged to the replacing gas container 3 from the replacing gas cylinder 21 through the regulator 22. In this case, the replacing gas is charged from the charging port 23 through the regulator 22 capable of adjusting the gas pressure at the outlet of this regulator to a predetermined pressure. With this structure, it is possible to charge the replacing gas to the replacing gas container 3 at a predetermined necessary pressure without fail, and the excessive charge or insufficient charge can be prevented easier. With the above structure, the excessive charging is automatically prevented by fixing the inflow pressure to the replacing gas container 3, and an operating miss during the charging can be avoided. Next, another embodiment will be explained with reference to Fig.13. In Fig.13, a filter dryer 24 for adsorbing water is provided in a sending out pipe of the replacing gas container 3. Zeolite or silica gel, for example, is charged as absorbent in the filter dryer 24. If water should be mixed in the replacing gas, water enters the pipe by the gas exchange during the purging operation. If, for example, the purging apparatus is an air conditioner having a compressor, and polyol ester based oil used as refrigeration oil, there is a high possibility that a lubricant is hydrolyzed by the slight amount of water which may cause abrasion of the compressor due to decrease in lubricity. Further, moisture may be coagulated around an exit or the like of an expansion apparatus where temperature may go down to under 0 °C in a certain case, which may cause an ice choke, and the operation of the apparatus may be hindered. Therefore, the replacing gas is sent through the filter dryer 24 so as to prevent moisture or water from entering the system, thereby preventing water from being mixed in the gas. With the above structure, even if water is included in the replacing gas, such water can be removed before the replacing gas is sent to the to-be purged apparatus, thereby preventing the water from entering the air conditioner, and a trouble such as ice choke can be prevented. Next, yet another embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.14 and 15. First, in Fig.14, a check valve 25 is mounted to the replacing gas container 3 at the gas sending side for preventing the gas from flowing backward from the to-be purged apparatus toward the replacing gas container 3. Further, in Fig.15, the check valve 25 is mounted to the gas collecting container 4 at the gas entering side for preventing the gas from flowing backward from the gas collecting container 4 toward the to-be purged apparatus. With such a structure, gas which is once sent out from the replacing gas container 3, and to-be purged gas or gas mixture of the to-be purged gas and the replacing gas which is once sent into the gas collecting container 4 should not flow backward. Therefore, air should not be mixed in the replacing gas of the replacing gas container 3, or the to-be purged gas of the gas collecting container 4 should not return to the to-be purged apparatus again, so that the purging operation can be carried out more effectively. Although the replacing gas container 3 and the gas collecting container 4 have been described as separate containers in the present embodiment, the same effect can be obtained even if these two container is integrally formed such as the integral container shown in Fig.8(a), and the present embodiment should not be limited to the separated containers only. With the above structure, it is possible to prevent the replacing gas which is once sent out from flowing backward to the replacing gas container 3, and to keep the flow of the replacing gas in a constant direction, thereby reducing the residue of the to-be purged gas. Further, it is possible to prevent the to-be purged gas which is once collected from flowing backward to the to-be purged room, and to keep the flow of the to-be purged gas in a constant direction, thereby reducing the residue of the to-be purged gas in the to-be purged room. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs.16 (a) to 16(c). First, in Fig.(a), the present embodiment is characterized in that the to-be purged room 1 and the integral container 16 are connected to each other through valves 26 and 27 capable of closing with respect to atmosphere. For connecting the to be room 1 and the integral container 16, a check pin 28 is used at the side of the to-be purged room 1, and a manual ball valve 30 and a connection room 29 capable of connecting with the check pin 28 and pushing and opening a plug of the check pin 28 are used at the side of the replacing gas container 3 as shown in Fig.(b). At that time, it is preferable that a distance between the connecting room 29 and the ball valve 30 is as short as possible. When the connecting room 29 and the ball valve 30 are disconnected after the purging operation, if the ball valve 30 is first closed and then the connection room 29 is swiftly separated, it is possible to prevent the replacing gas from leaking from the side of the replacing gas container 3. Alternatively, as shown in Fig.16(c), a male coupler 31 and a female coupler 32, or a female coupler 31 and a male coupler 32 are respectively used at the side of the to-be purged room 1 and the side of the replacing gas container 3. For example, the male coupler 31 is provided at the side of the to-be purged apparatus 1, and the female coupler 32 is provided at the side of the replacing gas container 3. Simultaneously with disconnection of the couplers 31 and 32, the connected room between the couplers 31 and 32 is tightly closed with respect to atmosphere by a plug which is pushed by a spring from both sides and therefore, it is possible to prevent the replacing gas from leaking out. Although the check pin 28 or the male coupler 31 is connected to the to-be purged room 1 side, and the connection room 29 and the ball valve 30 or the female coupler 32 is connected to the replacing gas container 3 side in the present embodiment, the purpose of the present embodiment is achieved if the to-be purged room 1 and the purging apparatus 2 are connected to each other tightly with respect to atmosphere. Therefore, the check pin 28 and the male coupler 31 may be connected to any one of the to-be purged room 1 and the purging apparatus 2, and the connection room 29 or the ball valve 30 and female coupler 32 may be connected to the other. Further, for the purpose to prevent confusion of connecting direction of the replacing gas container 3 side and the gas collecting container 4 side of the to-be purged apparatus 1, it is effective to use a male coupler for the valve 26 at the side of the replacing gas container 3 when a female coupler is used for the valve 26 at the side of the collection container 4, and to use a female coupler for the valve 26 at the side of the replacing gas container 3 when a male coupler is used for the valve 26 at the side of the collection container 4 Here, since a connected room between the replacing gas container 3 and the to-be purged apparatus 1 is a gas sending outside, the pressure in the connected room may be higher than atmospheric pressure and thus, if the connected room is not opened into atmosphere, it is effective to prevent the replacing gas from leaking out. On the other hand, if a connected room between the gas collecting container 4 and the to-be purged apparatus 1 is closed tightly with respect to atmosphere, it is possible to prevent the replacing gas from leaking out. With the above structure, when the purging apparatus 2 and the to-be purged apparatus 1 are separated after the purging operation is completed, the inside exchanger gas should not flow out, and it is possible to provide a purging apparatus having a replacing gas container securing the safety while preventing the replacing gas from leaking when the replacing gas includes flammable or toxic material. Further, when the purging apparatus 2 and the to-be purged apparatus 1 are separated after the purging operation is completed, the inside exchanger gas should not flow out. When the replacing gas includes flammable or toxic material, it is possible to provide a purging apparatus having a gas collecting container 4 securing the safety while preventing a mixed gas including a large amount of to-be purged gas introduced to the gas collecting container 4 side from leaking. Further, when the purging apparatus and the to-be purged apparatus are separated after the purging operation is completed, the replacing gas in the apparatus should not flow out, and it is possible to provide a to-be purged apparatus securing the safety while preventing the replacing gas when the replacing gas includes flammable or toxic material. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs.17 and 18. First, as shown in Fig.17, an oxygen sensor 33 is provided on a connecting pipe between the integral container 16 and the to-be purged apparatus 1 at the side of the collection gas chamber 17 , and a microcomputer 34 is provided for receiving a signal from the oxygen sensor 33 to judge the completion of purging operation. Here, the oxygen sensor 33 may be a sensor for indicating that there exists a gas by means of color such as a gas detector tube, and in this case, the microcomputer 34 may be omitted. Next, the procedure for judging the completion of the purging operation will be explained with reference to Fig.18. When the purging operation is started, the oxygen sensor 33 is operated simultaneously to detect the gas sent into the collection gas chamber 17. After a short time from the start of the purging operation, air which is the to-be purged gas flows through the oxygen sensor 33, the sensor outputs a signal indicative of "detected". However, the purging operation is progresses and after a gas in the to-be purged room 1 has been completely exchanged for the replacing gas, since the replacing gas passes through the sensor, oxygen is not detected. Therefore, if the oxygen is not detected, it is possible to judge that gas in the to-be purged room has been exchanged for the replacing gas, and to judge the completion of the purging operation. The control procedure described here is one example, and the present embodiment should not be limited to this example only. With the above structure, when the to-be purged gas is air as in the air conditioner or gas including oxygen is previously exchanged, the oxygen gas is detected continuously, intermittently or in a spot manner in a passage flowing into the collection container 16, and if the oxygen gas is not detected any more, it is possible to judge that the gas in the to-be purged room is completely exchanged for the replacing gas and therefore, it is possible to carry out the purging operation more reliably. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs.19 and 20. First, as shown in Fig.19, a replacing gas sensor 35 is provided on a connecting pipe between the integral container 16 and the to-be purged apparatus 1 at the side of the collection gas chamber 17, and a microcomputer 36 is provided for receiving a signal of the replacing gas sensor 35 to judge the completion of the purging operation. If Freon or hydrocarbon is used as the replacing gas, there is a merit that a sensor is more inexpensive and easier to obtain as compared with an oxygen sensor. Here, the replacing gas sensor 35 may be a sensor for indicating that there exists a gas by means of color such as a sensor tube, and in this case, the microcomputer 36 may be omitted. Next, the procedure for judging the completion of the purging operation will be explained with reference to Fig.20. When the purging operation is started, the replacing gas sensor 35 is operated simultaneously to detect the gas sent into the collection gas chamber 17. After a short time from the start of the purging operation, air which is the to-be purged gas flows through the replacing gas sensor 35, the sensor outputs a signal indicative of "detected". However, the purging operation is progresses and after a gas in the to-be purged room 1 has been completely replaced with the replacing gas, since the replacing gas passes through the sensor, the replacing gas is detected. Therefore, if the replacing gas is detected, it is possible to judge that gas in the to-be purged room has been exchanged for the replacing gas, and to judge the completion of the purging operation. Preferably, after the replacing gas is detected, the purging operation is continued for a certain period and then, it is judged that the purging operation is completed, which enhance the reliability. The control procedure described here is one example, and the present embodiment should not be limited to this example only. With the above structure, if the gas is detected continuously, intermittently or in a spot manner by the replacing gas detecting means 35 disposed closer to the integral container 16 than the to-be purged room 1, and the replacing gas flowing into the collection gas chamber 17 is detected, it is possible to confirm that the gas in the to-be purged room 1 is sufficiently exchanged for the replacing gas, and it is possible to reliably judge the completion of the purging operation. Next, a twentieth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.21. The replacing gas is continuously sent out in accordance with a pressure difference if the replacing gas is not especially controlled. However, when a constant flow field is formed, if there is a stagnation portion of non-condensing gas like air locally in the to-be purged room, the air around the stagnation point is not pushed out by the purging operation. Thereupon, if the replacing gas is sent out intermittently as shown in Fig.21, air around the stagnation point formed when the replacing gas is sent out is dispersed away when the sending operation of the replacing gas is stopped, and such air is pushed out when the replacing gas is sent out next time. With the present embodiment, the to-be purged gas staying around the stagnation point is dispersed each time to prevent the gas from staying in one place, and it is possible to carry out the exchanging operation more reliably. Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig.22. Fig.22 shows a structure of a general air conditioner. The reference number 7a represent a liquid pipe and the reference number 7b represent a gas pipe. Generally, a pipe diameter of the liquid pipe 7a is smaller than that of the gas pipe 7b. In this case, if the replacing gas container the replacing gas container 3 is connected to the side of a 3-way valve 9b to send the replacing gas from the gas pipe 7b having the greater diameter, the replacing gas flows more smoothly as compared with a case where the replacing gas container the replacing gas container 3 is connected to a 3-way valve 9a to send the replacing gas from the liquid pipe 7a having the smaller diameter. Further, the possibility that the replacing gas stops or stays around the inflow room is lower, and the purging operation is carried out more effectively. With the above reason, since the replacing gas is sent out in a form of gas in generally, a pressure drop of the replacing gas in the vicinity of the exit of the replacing gas container 3 is smaller, and the replacing gas can be sent out more smoothly if the replacing gas is sent out from a valve opening having a great diameter as compared with a case where the replacing gas is sent out from a valve opening having a small diameter. Further, it is possible to prevent a stagnation room due to a swirl which is prone to be generated when a diameter of a pipe is increased from thin pipe to thick pipe from being generated, and it is possible to exchange the gas more effectively. Next, a design will be explained with reference to Fig.23. This design does not fall under the scope of the claims. A purpose of the present design is to control a charging amount of working fluid to a predetermined amount when a main circuit is operated by controlling a residue amount of the replacing gas remained in the to-be purged room after the purging operation to a predetermined amount so that a inherent performance as an equipment is maintained. As shown in Fig.23, the to-be purged room comprising the indoor heat exchanger 8, the connecting pipes 7a and 7b is purged using, as the replacing gas, a flammable gas which does not generate a harmful material. Then, the purging apparatus is disconnected, one of 3-way valves 9b provided on the outdoor unit 5 is connected to a gas combustion device (such as a torch) 37. Here, the gas combustion device 37 is opened, and the replacing gas in the to-be purged room is ignited under the atmosphere, thereby pulling out removing the excessive exchanger gas inside the to-be purged portion. When a pressure of the replacing gas in the to-be purged room is reduced down to a level near the atmospheric pressure, flowing out of the combustion gas is stopped, flames are also put out, and the discharge is completed. As a result, the predetermined amount of exchanger gas remains under the pressure near the atmospheric pressure, although such amount is slightly varied depending on temperature in the to-be purged room. With the present design, the replacing gas in the to-be purged apparatus is burned outside, and is discharged under a reduced pressure, and the pressure can be further reduced to a substantially constant pressure. Therefore, it is possible to control the replacing gas remained in the to-be purged apparatus to a predetermined value and therefore, when the main circuit is utilized, the amount of the working fluid may be kept constantly, and a predetermined designed capacity can be exhibited. Next, an embodiment will be explained with reference to Fig.24. A purpose of the present embodiment is also to control a charging amount of working fluid to a predetermined amount when a main circuit is operated by controlling a residue amount of the replacing gas remained in the to-be purged room after the purging operation to a predetermined amount so that a inherent performance as an equipment is maintained. As shown in Fig.24, an extra-container 38 is connected in parallel to the gas collecting container 4 through a valve 39, and a pressure gauge 40 capable of measuring the gas pressure in the to-be purged room is also connected to the gas collecting container 4. After the purging operation is completed, a pressure of the replacing gas in the to-be purged room is equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure, the valve 39 is opened after the gas collecting container 4 is closed, and the to-be purged room and the extra-container 38 are brought into communication with each other, at that time, the pressure of the replacing gas in the to-be purged room is reduced and adjusted so that the pressure of the replacing gas reaches a predetermined value, and the pressure reaches the predetermined value, the valve 39. With such operation, the amount of exchanger gas remained in the to-be purged room is controlled to a predetermined amount. In order to enlarge a range of the depression adjustment, it is preferable that an initial pressure in the extra-container 38 is a reduced pressure or a vacuum. With the present embodiment, the replacing gas pressure in the to-be purged room can be adjusted with a simple structure, and it is possible to control the amount of exchanger gas remained in the to-be purged apparatus by the purging operation to the predetermined amount. Further, since the range of adjusting the gas pressure in the to-be purged room can be enlarged, it is possible to adjust the amount of exchanger gas remained in the to-be purged apparatus by the purging operation more accurately. POSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION As is apparent from the above-described embodiments, according to the present invention, when a purging operation is carried out mainly a split-type air conditioner at the time of installation or replacement thereof, it is possible to carry out the purging operation which is kind to the global environment without discharging out and dispersing refrigerant gas which may adversely affect natural environment of human body. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide light-weighted and inexpensive purging apparatus and to-be purged apparatus which can easily bring to the installing place of an air conditioner or the like, and which can carry out the purging operation more effectively.

Claims: A purging method using: a to-be purged apparatus (1) having a to-be purged room with two or more valve openings capable of connecting to a main circuit or to a circuit other than said main circuit; and a purging apparatus (2) having replacing gas container (3) into which a replacing gas to be exchanged for a to-be purged gas is previously charged and a gas collecting container (4) for collecting gas including said to-be purged gas, one of said valve openings of said to-be purged room and said exchanger gas container (3) are connected with each other, and the other valve opening of said to-be purged room and said gas collecting container (4) are connected with each other; said method comprising the steps of: sending said exchanger gas in said exchanger gas container (3), into said apparatus to be purged thereby pushing out said to-be purged gas from said to-be purged apparatus (1); and collecting said to-be purged gas into said gas collecting container (4) characterised in that said collecting container (4) gas is depressurized or evacuated to vacuum. A purging method according to claim 1, wherein the same gas as a working fluid of said main circuit is used as said exchanger gas. A purging method according to claim 1, wherein a pressure of said exchanger gas is set to a value equal to 0.0 MPa or greater but smaller than 0.2 MPa. A purging method according to claim 1, wherein said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18) is connected to said to-be purged apparatus (1) through water removing means (24). A purging method according to claim 1, wherein said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18) is connected to said to-be purged apparatus (1) through a check valve (25) for stopping the movement of gas in a direction from said to-be purged apparatus (1) toward said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18). A purging method according to claim 1, wherein said gas collecting container (4) or said collection gas room (17) is connected to said to-be purged apparatus (1) through a check valve (25) for stopping the movement of gas in a direction from said to-be purged apparatus (1) toward said gas collecting container (4) or said collection gas room (17). A purging method according to claim 1, wherein said exchanger gas is intermittently sent out from said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18). A purging method according to claim 1, wherein said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18) is connected to one of connection valves (9b) of said to-be purged apparatus (1) having a greater diameter. A purging method according to claim 1, wherein a flammable gas which does not generate harmful material when it is burned is used as said exchanger gas, and after the gas exchange is completed, the replacing gas in said to-be purged apparatus (1) is burned. A purging method according to claim 1, wherein a sub-container (38) which is connected to a path extending from said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room to said gas collecting container (4) through said to be purged apparatus (1) parallel to said gas collecting container (4) through an on-off valve (39) is evacuated to vacuum or is depressurized. A purging apparatus (2) comprising a replacing gas container (3) into which a replacing gas to be exchanged for to-be purged gas is previously charged, and a gas collecting container (4), which is for collecting gas including said to-be purged gas, one of valve openings of a to-be purged room and said exchanger gas container (3), and other valve opening of said to-be purged room and said gas collecting container (4) are capable of connecting with each other; characterised in that said gas collecting container (4) is provided therein with a replacing gas adsorbing material (11) for adsorbing said exchanger gas thereby lowering the pressure in the gas collecting container (4). A purging apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising gas moving means (10) for moving said exchanger gas or said to-be purged gas. A purging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a volume of said gas collecting container (4) is variable. A purging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a volume of said exchanger gas container (3) is variable. A purging apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a variable driving apparatus (15) capable varying a volume of said exchanger gas container (3). A purging apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising a variable driving apparatus (15) capable varying a volume of said gas collecting container (4). A purging apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said replacing gas container (3) and said gas collecting container (4) comprise a replacing gas room (18), a collection gas room (17) and partitioning means (19, 13, 14) for forming said replacing gas room (18) and said collection gas room (17), and said partitioning means (19, 13, 14) varies the volumes of said replacing gas room (18) and said collection gas room (17). A purging apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said exchanger gas room (18) and said collection gas (17) room are integrally formed in a container (16) having a constant cross section, and said partitioning means (19, 13, 14) is slidably movable. A purging apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising volume variable means (15) for moving said partitioning means (19, 13, 14). A purging apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising pressure detecting means (20) for detecting a pressure of said exchanger gas. A purging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18) is provided with inflow pressure control means (22) capable of controlling inflow pressure of said exchanger gas to be charged. A purging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a connection room (29) of said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (18) with said to-be purged apparatus (1) has a structure (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) capable of sealing against atmosphere when said connection room (29) is disconnected. A purging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a connection room (29) of said gas collecting container (4) or said collection gas room (17) with said to-be purged apparatus (1) has a structure (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) capable of sealing against atmosphere when said connection room (29) is disconnected. A purging apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said to-be purged gas exists in said to-be purged room is air or gas including oxygen, a connection path between said gas collecting container (4) or said collection gas room (17) and said to-be purged apparatus (1) is provided with oxygen gas detecting means (33), and said purging apparatus (2) further comprises first purge completion judging means (34) for judging a completion of purging operation based on a signal from said oxygen gas detecting means (33). A purging apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising exchanger gas detecting means (35) disposed in a connection path between said to-be purged apparatus (1) and said gas collecting container (4) or said collection gas room (17) for detecting said exchanger gas, and second purged completion judging means (36) for judging a completion of purging operation based on a signal from said exchanger gas detecting means (35). A purging apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising pressure detecting means (40) disposed in a path extending from said exchanger gas container (3) or said exchanger gas room (17) to said gas collecting container (4) through said to-be purged apparatus (1) for detecting a pressure in said to-be purged room, and a sub-container (38) connected to said path in parallel to said gas collecting container (4) through an on-off valve (39). The combination of a to-be purged apparatus (1) connected to a purging apparatus (2) according to claim 11, comprising a to-be purged room for exchanging a gas therein for a replacing gas, said to-be purged room having a valve opening for connecting with a main circuit and two or more valve openings for connecting with circuit other than said main circuit. The combination according to claim 27, wherein the number of said valve openings is two, and said two valve openings are mounted at opposite ends of a pipe requiring purging. The combination according to claim 27, wherein a connection room (29) of said to-be purged apparatus (1) with said purging apparatus (2) has a structure (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) capable of sealing against atmosphere when said connection room (29) is disconnected.

Inventors: FUJITAKA AKIRA, KOBAYASHI YOSHINORI, FUJITAKA, AKIRA, KOBAYASHI, YOSHINORI
Applicants: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD, MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: F25B43
IPC codes: F17C13, F25B45