USE OF ANGIOTENSIN II ANTAGONISTS TO TREAT SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE

Abstract: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are useful in reducing and preventing mortality and sudden cardiac death in symptomatic heart failure patients. Losartan potassium has been shown to reduce mortality and sudden cardiac death in this patient population. Additionally, losartan potassium has been shown to reduce the need for hospitalization of symptomatic heart failure patients.

Description: TITLE OF THE INVENTION USE OF ANGIOTENSIN II ANTAGONISTS TO TREAT SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and systolic left ventricular dysfunction as well as in patients post myocardial infarction. (See The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429-1435; The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302; The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 685-691; Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 303-310; Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. on behalf of the SAVE Investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677; The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 812-828; Fonarow GC, Chelimsky-Fallick C, Warner Stevenson L, et al. Effect of direct vasodilation with hydralazine versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on mortality in advanced heart failure: the Hy- C trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 842-850; Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio delia Sopravvivenza nell'infarto Miocardico. GISSI-3: Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6- week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994; 343: 1115-1122; ISIS Collaborative Group OU. ISIS-4: Randomized study of oral isosorbide mononitrate in over 50,000 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 88: 1394.) The benefits of ACE inhibitors have been attributed to blockade of angiotensin II production and/or to a decrease in the breakdown of bradykinin. (See Pitt B, Chang P, Timmermans P. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: Rationale and design of the Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly (ELITE) Trial. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1995; 9: 693-700; and Gavras I. Bradykinin-mediated effects of ACE inhibition. Kidney Int 1992; 42: 1020-1029.) Bradykinin has been shown to have beneficial effects associated with the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin which may contribute to the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibition. Bradykinin may, however, also be responsible for certain adverse effects associated with use of ACE inhibitors, such as cough, angioedema, renal dysfunction, and hypotension. (See Pitt B, Chang P, Timmermans P. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: Rationale and design of the Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly (ELITE) Trial. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1995; 9: 693-700; Gavras I. Bradykinin-mediated effects of ACE inhibition. Kidney Int 1992; 42: 1020-1029; Israili ZH, Hall WD. Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. A review of the literature and pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 234-242; Chalmers D, Dombey SL, Lawson DH. Post-marketing surveillance of captopril (for hypertension): a preliminary report. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 24: 343-349; Lacourciere Y, Brunner H, Irwin R, et al. and the Losartan Cough Study Group. Effects of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on cough. J Hypertension 1994; 12: 1387-1393.) These adverse effects may account in part for the fact that ACE inhibitors are used in less than 30 percent of patients with heart failure in spite of their proven clinical benefit. (See Stafford RS, Saglam D, Blumenthal D. Low rates of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use in congestive heart failure. Circulation 1996; 94: I- 194( Abstract)). The development of orally-active, nonpeptidic angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists such as losartan, has provided the opportunity to block the angiotensin II type 1 receptor specifically without increasing bradykinin levels. (See Timmermans P, Wong PC, Chiu AT, et al. Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Reviews 1993; 45: 205-251.) Since angiotensin II may be produced by alternate pathways, losartan may offer additional advantages over treatment with ACE inhibitors where blockade of the effects of angiotensin II may be incomplete. (See Miura S, Ideishi M, Sakai T, et al. Angiotensin II formation by an alternative pathway during exercise in humans. J Hypertension 1994; 12: 1177-1181; Urata H, Kinoshita A, Misono KS, Bumpus FM, Husain A. Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II-forming enzyme in the human chymase. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 22348-22357; Urata H, Strobel F, Ganten D. Widespread tissue distribution of human chymase. J Hypertension 1994; 12: S17-S22; Aldigier JC, Huang H, Dalmay F, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition does not suppress plasma angiotensin II increase during exercise in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 21: 289-295.) Losartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in many countries and in earlier studies in patients with symptomatic heart failure, oral losartan produced beneficial hemodynamic effects both acutely and with chronic dosing. (See Crozier I, Ikram H, Awan N, et al. Losartan in heart failure: Hemodynamic effects and tolerability. Circulation 1995; 91: 691-697; and Gottlieb SS, Dickstein K, Fleck E, et al. Hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993; 88: 1602-1609.) The Evaluation of Losartan In The Elderly (ELITE) Study was conducted to compare effects on renal function, morbidity/ mortality, and tolerability of long-term treatment with losartan versus captopril, in older patients with symptomatic heart failure. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist. A method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist. A method for reducing mortality and sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist is disclosed. A method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist. A method for reducing hospitalization by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. ELITE Study Profile. (* While on study therapy; and ** Withdrawn from assigned therapy, but still followed up for the intention-to-treat analysis of secondary endpoint.) Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure in the Losartan and Captopril Groups. (Patients in the losartan group had a 46 percent lower risk of death (RR= risk reduction) than patients in the captopril group (P=0.035). Patients were followed for 48 weeks.) Figure 3. Effect of Losartan on Death in Various Subgroups. ( = One losartan-treated patient did not have EF measured; and == Based on patient history. For each subgroup, the percentage of risk reduction (RR) with losartan is plotted (solid squares). Horizontal lines represent 95 percent confidence intervals. The size of each square is proportional to the percentage of events in the subgroup. The light square at the bottom of the panel represents the overall result for death. The bold vertical line corresponds to a finding of no effect. The RRs in individual subgroups are generally consistent with the overall RR, except for females. Interaction tests for the effect of losartan on mortality in gender was significant at the 10 percent level (p=0.053). Tests for interaction in the other subgroups were not significant. NYHA denotes New York Heart Association.) Figure 4. Changes in New York Heart Association Functional Class. (*P<0.001. Percent of patients with change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class at week 48 versus Baseline.) Figure 5. Comparison of twelve- week mortality data from the SOLVD study, the losartan exercise studies (U.S. and international combined), and the ELITE study. (pbo = placebo; enal = enalapril; los = losartan; capt = captopril). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention concerns a method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist. An embodiment of this invention is the method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , 1 '-biphen-4-yl)methyl- 5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FR1153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. The preferred angiotensin II receptor antagonists useful in this method are: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Another embodiment of the invention is the method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an imidazole angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rl is: o 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R 9 ; — O-S I I -OH; ■ S0 3 H; — C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O 11 O I I — O — P — OH; — P0 3 H 2 ; — NH _ P _ 0H; 4.NHSO 2 CH 3 ; OH OH -NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; - S 0 2 NH 2 ; - C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; Nθ2; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; CO2H; C02R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; ]; aryl; or furyl; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R14; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2X?Z(CH2)raR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, N02, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O 1 1 1 R n . ^^1^ or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; , CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2)rø-imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2)m-l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH 2 ) w SRl5; O Y Y -(CH2) n CRl6; -(CH2) n O(!NHRlO; -(CH2) n NRl lCORlO; 0 -(CH2) w NRllC:NHRl0; -(CH2)nNRllSO2Rl0; Y -(CH2)nNRH ( ! 1 :RlO; -(CH2) F; -(CH2) ONθ2; -CH 2 N 3 ; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRHR17; R24 O R9 is: -CH-OCR21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2)/ ? C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -C02H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)2θH; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; -CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; N Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2) C6H5, OR17, or NRl8Rl9 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula — Q is NR20, o or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)u .where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, — NHS0 2 - VcH 3 ; or — NHS0 2 — ; R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2)g-; R 1 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - N-, -CON-, -NCO-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, R26 R23 R23 -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, — CF 2 CF 2 — ; or R 29 Q OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRl l. or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and R 3 is Cθ2H, or N-N A N λ H then Rl must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then R must be ortho except when X=NR23cθ and Rl is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is C X is -NH-fc-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is O X is NH-C*.-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). A preferred embodiment of the invention is the method as recited above, using the imidazole angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I: wherein: Rl is -C02H; -NHSO2CF3; R6 is alkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with up to two groups selected from alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and nitro; R8 is phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 4 carbon atoms, -(CH2)rø-imidazol-lyl, -(CH2)ml . 2,3-triazoryl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, O (CH2) -tetrazolyl, -(CH2) n ORl l; -(CH2) Λ θάU4; -(CH2)«C 9Rl6; -(CH2)«NHC 9ORl0; -(CH2) w NHSθ2RlO; p -(CH 2 ) F; -<?Rl6; Rl3 is -C02H, -C02R9, NHSO2CF3; SO3H; N-N or .N N H Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, OR 17, or NR18R19; X is carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CON-, -CH2CH2-, -NCO-, R23 R23 -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -NHCH2-, -CH2NH- or -CH=CH-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds. A further preferred embodiment of the invention is the method as recited above, using the imidazole angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I: R2 is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms; 9 R7 is H, Cl, Br, C v F2v+l. where v=l-3, or -CR16; 0 Rl 4 R8 is -(CH2) ORH; -(CH2)mO&U4 ; -CH=CH-CHORl5 ; -(CH2) m C 9Rl 6 ; -CH2NH 9OR10; - RlO is CF3, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl; Rl 1 is H, or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Rl3 is C02H; Cθ2CH2θCOC(CH3)3; NHS02CF3; N-N ' N and N H R 14 is H, or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms; OR17; or / — \ — N O ; \ / m is 1 to 5; X is single bond, -0-; -CO-; -NHCO-; or -OCH2-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts. A preferred embodiment of this invention is the method as recited above, using an imidazole angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyll-5- (hydroxymethyl)imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5-(hydroxy- methyl)imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5-[(methoxy- carbonyl)aminomethyl]imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5-[(propoxy- carbonyl)aminomethyl]imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-5- carboxaldehyde. -Butyl-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-imidazole-5-carbox- aldehyde. -(lE-Butenyl)-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiρhenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5- (hydroxymethyl)imidazole. -(lE-Butenyl)-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiρhenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. -Proρyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5- (hydroxymethyl)imidazole. -Propyl-4-chloro-l[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. -Butyl-4-chloro- 1 - [2'-( 1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl] - imidzole-5-carboxaldehyde. -(lE-Butenyl)-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- y l)methy 1] -5 -hy droxymethy l)imidazole . ( 1 E-Butenyl)-4-chloro- 1 - [(2'-( 1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-biρhenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. -Propyl-4-chloro-l-[(2-'(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5 -carboxy lie acid. -Propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. -Propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]-5-(hydroxylmethyl)imidazole. -Butyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. 2-Propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. 2-Propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- y l)methyl] -5 - (hy droxy methyl)imidazole . 2-Propyl- 1 - [(2-( 1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-4,5 ,- dicarboxylic acid. 2-Propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl- 1 - [(2'-( 1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)biρhenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. 2-Propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A more preferred embodiment of the invention is the method as recited above, using the imidazole angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I: 2-Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-5-(hydroxy- methyl)imidazole (also known as losartan); and 2-Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methylimidazole-5- carboxylic acid (also known as EXP-3174) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The most preferrred embodiment is the method, as recited above, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is age 65 or older. This invention also relates to a method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist. An embodiment of this invention is the method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , 1 '-biphen-4-yl)methyl~ 5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FR1153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. The preferred angiotensin II receptor antagonists useful in this method are: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , 1 '-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rl is: O I I 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R 9 ; -O-S-OH; -S0 3 H; -C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O I I O I I -0 — P — OH; — P0 3 H 2 ; — NH —p_ 0 H; 4-NHS0 2 CH 3 ; OH OH -NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; - S 0 2 NH 2 ; - C0 2 H 4-C0NHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-C0NH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) /-isomer cθ 2 H R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; NO2; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; CO2H; C02R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; M " N ; aryl; or fury!; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or Cθ2Rl4; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2)sZ(CH2)mR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, N02, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O _ p16 ' straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R8 is H, CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2) -imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2)m-l > 2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; ; -(CH 2 )„OCRl4; -(CH2)„SRl5; -CH=CH(CH2)sO )CCRRIlI1 ; ; (CH2VCH-COR16; CH3 0 Y Y -(CH2) n CRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRlO; -(CH2) n NRl l(ϋθRlO; -(CH2) nNRllC] NHRlO; -(CH2)nNRl lSO2Rl0; -(CH2) )„ W NNRRlHlCCIR10; -(CH 2 )mF; -(CH2)mON0 2 ; -CH 2 N ; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRHR17; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2) C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -C02H; -Cθ2R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; H; -SO3H; -N -PO3H2; -C(CF3)2θH; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; N-N N-N N-N ;/ N — ^ CH;TA κ Ny* -> — CONH A N ' • 31 H H R Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2)pC6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, -methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula /- (CH 2 ) t — N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, o or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)w , where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -( H2)q-', R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - N-, -CON-, -NCO-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, R26 R23 R23 -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, - 28 - SUBST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) CF 2 CF 2 — or R 29 0 OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRl l. or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or N-N 7 ; N N H then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is O X is NH-c!-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). - 32 - SUBST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A preferred embodiment of the method as recited above, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP-3174 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The most preferred embodiment is the method, as recited above, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is age 65 or older. This invention also concerns a method for reducing mortality and sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. An embodiment of this invention is the method for reducing mortality and sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'-biphen- 4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. The preferred angiotensin II receptor antagonists useful in this method are: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'- biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method for reducing mortality and sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist formula I wherein: Rlis: O II 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R E ■ O-S-OH; — S0 3 H; -C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O II O II — O — P — OH; — P0 3 H 2 ; NH— P-OH; 4-NHSO CH '3> OH OH OH O N-N 4-NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 NH 2 ; -C-P-OH- ' 3 ^ 'I - N i i N R 27 OH H C0 2 H 4-C0NHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-C0NH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; Nθ2; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; CO2H; C02R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; ; aryl; or furyl; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R14; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2) 5 Z(CH2)mR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, Nθ2, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O ' straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R8 is H, CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2) -imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2) -l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH 2 )„SRl5; -CH=CH(CH2)^O £C RRll ll;; (CH2) 5 -CH-CORl6; CH3 -(CH2) n CRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRl0 ; -(CH2) n NRl l(5θRlO; -(CH2) „NRl lC] NHRlO; -(CH2)«NRl lSO2Rl0; -(CH2) ) n nNNRRlHlCCIRlO; -(CH2) F; -(CH 2 ) ONθ2; -CH 2 N ; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRl lRl7; R24 R9 is: -CH-0(^R21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2)/?C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -Cθ2H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)20H; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; N-N N-N N-N O N " ; — C „H. A. N ' -> — CONH A N ' : ' N - p3i H H — CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2)/ ? C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula — (CH 2 ) t — N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, O or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH.2)u , where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2)q-', R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -NHC(R27)(R28)_, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, — CF 2 CF 2 — ; or R 29 Q QR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRl l, or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or N-N '/ N N ' H then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl3 must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; (10) when r=0, Rl is - 42 - SUBSTJTUTE SHEET (RULE 26) X is -NH- IC-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). A preferred embodiment of the invention is the method as recited above, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP- 3174 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The most preferred embodiment is the method, as recited above, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is age 65 or older. Additionally, the invention concerns a method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. An embodiment of this invention is the method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS-184698, 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'-biphen-4-yl)methyl- 5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY 106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS 184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. The preferred angiotensin II receptor antagonists useful in this method are: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , 1 '-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rl is: O II 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R 9 ; —O-S II-OH; — S0 3 H; • C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O II O II — o- -p- ■ OH; — PO. 3H^2; — NH— P-OH; 4-NHS0 2 CH 3 ; OH OH -NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 NH 2 ; - C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; Nθ2; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; CO2H; Cθ2R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; M " N ; aryl; or furyl; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R1 ; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2)sZ(CH2)mR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, N02, C v F2v+l , where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O 11 1R straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; , CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2)m- nid az °l-l-yl. -(CH2) -l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH2) / ι-lCH-Rl l; -(CH 2 )nOCRl4; -(CH 2 )nSRl5; OR17 O; -(CH2)«NRl lCNHRlO; -(CH2)«NRl 1SO2R10; Y -(CH2) w NRl lCRlO; -(CH 2 ) F; -(CH 2 ) ONθ2; -CH2N3; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRHR17; R24 p R9 is: -C:H-OCR21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2)/ ? C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -CO2H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; OH; PO3H2; -C(CF3)20H; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; • ' — CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2)/ ? C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, -methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula -(CHafc — N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, o or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, 0 r C :HHCCHH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)u ,where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, — NHSO 2 - VcH 3 ; or — NHS0 2 — ~ A ; R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2) -; R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - N-, -CON-, -NCO-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, R 26 R 23 R23 -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, CF 2C*-"F2 — or R 29 Q OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRH, or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl3 must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH- iC-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is X is NH-C-, R13 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -C02CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). A preferred embodiment of the invention is the method as recited above, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP-3174 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The most preferred embodiment is the method, as recited above, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is age 65 or older. EXAMPLE 1 ELITE Study Patients and methods The ELITE study was a prospective double-blind, randomized, parallel, captopril-controlled clinical trial conducted at 125 centers in the United States, Europe and South America. The study was approved by institutional review boards at each site; all patients gave written informed consent. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Committee monitored the progress of the study. See Pitt B, Chang P, Timmermans P. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: Rationale and design of the Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly (ELITE) Trial. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1995; 9: 693-700. Patient Population Patients were 65 years or older (two thirds 70 years or older) with symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association Class II-IV), decreased left ventricular ejection fraction of 40 percent or less, and had no history of prior ACE inhibitor therapy. A detailed description of enrollment and exclusion criteria and study design has been presented previously. See Pitt B, Chang P, Timmermans P. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: Rationale and design of the Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly (ELITE) Trial. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1995; 9: 693-700. Randomization and Study Therapy Following a two-week placebo run-in, patients were randomized to 48 weeks of active therapy, either to captopril 6.25 mg titrated to 12.5 mg, 25 mg and then 50 mg three times daily (plus placebo for losartan) or to losartan 12.5 mg, titrated to 25 mg and then 50 mg once daily (plus placebo for captopril). Titration generally occurred at 7-day intervals as tolerated. Treatment with all other concomitant cardiovascular therapies was permitted with the exception of open-label ACE inhibitors. Randomized patients were stratified by age (less than 70 and 70 years or greater). Evaluation of Patients Clinical assessments were performed weekly during titration and at three-month intervals thereafter. Laboratory evaluations were performed at weeks three, six, and twelve, and at three month intervals thereafter. Study Endpoints The primary endpoint of the study was a safety measure of the development of renal dysfunction, defined as an increase in serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL from baseline that was confirmed by a repeat measurement in 5 to 14 days of the first determination, during continued treatment. All-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalizations were each prespecified endpoints, and the composite of death and/or heart failure hospitalizations was added as the secondary endpoint by protocol amendment based on data from two placebo- controlled 12 week exercise studies (of approximately 350 patients each), demonstrating a beneficial effect on this endpoint. < See Example 2) Hypotension-related symptoms, clinically important serum potassium increases (> 0.5 mEq/L), and cough, all originally secondary endpoints, were moved to tertiary endpoints. All deaths (including cause of death) and hospitalizations were adjudicated by an independent Clinical Endpoint Adjudication Committee, blinded to study treatment (see panel for mortality classification). Other prospectively-defined measures included myocardial infarction/hospitalization for unstable angina, worsening of heart failure, New York Heart Association functional classification, discontinuation from the study due to study drug intolerance, changes in neurohormonal profile. Panel: Mortality Classification • Sudden Cardiac Death: Death occurring without warning or within 1 hour of symptoms • Death due to Progressive Heart Failure: Death preceded by worsening signs and/or symptoms of heart failure, including cardiogenic shock • Fatal Myocardial Infarction: Death associated with autopsy-verified myocardial infarction or death within 28 days of a hospital-verified acute myocardial infarction provided no other cardiac or non-cardiac cause of death is found • Death due to Other Cardiac Causes: Death due to other cardiac causes, such as arrhythmia • Death due to Other Vascular Causes: Death due to vascular events such as stroke, pulmonary embolus, ruptured aneurysm, etc. • Death due to non-cardiovascular causes: Death not due to any cardiac or vascular events Statistical Methods The power and sample-size estimates for this study have been described. See Pitt B, Chang P, Timmermans P. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in heart failure: Rationale and design of the Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly (ELITE) Trial. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1995; 9: 693-700. Analysis of renal dysfunction (increases in serum creatinine) was based upon a modified intent-to-treat population; i.e., all patients were analyzed according to their randomization group, and an endpoint was declared only if initial and confirmatory elevations occurred while on double-blind therapy. Patients who discontinued from the study without meeting this endpoint were censored in the time-to-event analysis at the time of study discontinuation. Analyses of deaths and heart failure hospitalizations (adjudicated endpoints) were based on an intent-to-treat population; all patients discontinued prematurely were followed through the specified 48-week period of the study. Patients not meeting the endpoint were censored in the time-to-event analysis either at the time of study completion (for patients who completed) or at the end of the 48-week follow-up period (for patients who discontinued). For all time-to-event data, survival analyses were based upon the log-rank test. The effect of treatment group in the model was tested controlling for the stratification factor (age category [less than 70 or 70 years and older]). The time to first event was used for each endpoint. Risk reductions were based upon Mantel-Haenszel adjusted (for age catagory) relative risk estimates. The primary endpoint was tested at the 5% level of significance. No multiplicity adjustments were made for the test of the secondary endpoint or for other tests of interest; unadjusted p-values are presented. Over approximately a two-year recruitment period, 722 patients enrolled, 352 were randomized to losartan and 370 to captopril (Figure 1). The two treatment groups were similar with respect to all baseline characteristics (Table 1). Concomitant therapies during the study were similar between the two treatment groups; diuretics were used in over 70 percent of patients, digitalis in over 55% of patients and non-ACE inhibitor vasodilatory drugs (including hydralazine and nitrates) in over 50 percent of patients in both treatment groups. Three hundred patients (85 percent) were titrated to the target dose of losartan 50mg once daily, and 321 patients (84 percent) in the captopril group were titrated to the target dose of 50mg three times a day. Seventy-five percent of losartan-treated patients remained on the targeted dose of 50mg daily (mean daily dose 42.6 mg per day), and 71 percent of captopril patients remained on the targeted dose of 50mg three times a day (mean daily dose 122.7 mg per day). Table 1. Baseline Clinical Characteristics and Drag Therapy, According to Treatment Group LOSARTAN CAPTOPRIL CHARACTERISTIC (n=352) (n=370) Sex number (percent) of patients Male 234 (66.5) 248 (67.0) Female 118 (33.5) 122 (33.0) Age (years) <70 95 (27.0) 119 (32.2) ≥70 257 (73.0) 251 (67.8) Mean (S.D.) 74 ( 5.8) 73 ( 6.1) Race Caucasian 320 (90.9) 326 (88.1) Black 16 ( 4.6) 18 ( 4.9) Other 16 ( 4.6) 26 ( 7.0) Etiology of Heart Failure 242 Ischemic Heart Disease (68.8) 250 (67.6) Non-Ischemic Heart Disease 110 (31.3) 120 (32.4) NYHA Functional Class 1"1" 231 (65.6) 237 (64.1) II 116 (33.0) 126 (34.1) III rv 5 ( 1.4) 7 ( 1.9) Drug Therapy Diuretics 260 (73.9) 275 (74.3) Digitalis 199 (56.5) 209 (56.5) Hydralazine 12 (3.4) 12 ( 3.2) Nitrates 180 (51.1) 191 (51.6) Calcium Channel Blockers 123 (34.9) 121 (32.7) Potassium Supplement 91 (25.9) 89 (24.1) Anticoagulants 60 (17.0) 69 (18.6) Beta-Blockers 55 (15.6) 63 (17.0) Antiarrhythmics 37 (10.5) 39 (10.5) Secondary Diagnoses Myocardial Infarction 184 (52.3) 177 (47.8) Hypertension 201 (57.1) 212 (57.3) Atrial Fibrillation 86 (24.4) 82 (22.2) Diabetes mellitus 94 (26.7) 89 (24.1) Renal Insufficiency 21 ( 6.0) 26 ( 7.0) Stroke 32 ( 9.1) 37 (10.0) Current smoker (cigarettes) 39 (11.1) 45 (12.2) mean (S.D.) Ejection Fraction (%) 31 ( 7.2) 30 ( 7.6) 1.2 ( 0.4) Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.2 ( 0.4) Serum Potassium (mEq/L) 4.3 ( 0.4) 4.3 ( 0.5) Heart Rate (beats per minute) 73 (11.7) 74 (10.4) Blood Pressure Systolic (mmHg) 137 (17.6) 137 (19.1) Diastolic (mmHg) 79 ( 9.4) 79 (10.6) Weight (kg) 76 (33.1) 74 (33.8) Key to Table 1: * Based on patient history. NYHA denotes New York Heart Association. To convert to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; mEq L is the equivalent of millimoles per liter. Renal Dysfunction There was no significant difference between losartan and captopril in terms of persistent increases (i.e., confirmed by a repeat measurement during continued treatment) in serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL from baseline (10.5 percent versus 10.5 percent, p=0.629; Table 2). Single rises of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL were documented in 92 losartan-treated patients (26.1 percent) and 110 captopril-treated patients (29.7 percent), with a trend towards fewer events occuring in losartan-treated patients (14 percent risk reduction, 95 percent confidence intervals -0.09 to 0.32; p=0.060). Of these patients with single rises of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL, 68 percent had confirmation measurements performed while on active therapy per protocol; 55 percent of the patients who had these confirmation measurements met the endpoint. Death and or Heart Failure Hospitalizations Follow-up data on death and hospitalizations were complete except for one losartan-treated patient who was discontinued after one dose of study medication. During the course of the study, death and/or heart failure hospitalizations occurred in 33 of 352 losartan-treated patients (9.4 percent) compared to 49 of 370 captopril-treated patients (13.2 percent) (p=0.075). This decrease in death and/or heart failure hospitalizations observed with losartan versus captopril was entirely due to a 46 percent decrease in total mortality (17 versus 32 patients [p=0.035]; Table 3). The cumulative survival curves (intent-to-treat) separated early and remained so throughout the 48-week study period (Figure 2). The observed decrease in total mortality was primarily due to a reduction in sudden cardiac death (five versus 14 patients, p=0.043); only one patient died of progressive heart failure in each treatment group (Table 3). Fatal myocardial infarction occurred in one losartan-treated patient versus four in the captopril arm. The effect of losartan versus captopril on mortality was generally a consistent observation across the different subgroups (Figure 3), except in a subpopulation of female patients (9 of 118 losartan-treated versus 8 of 122 captopril-treated female patients died). Fewer losartan-treated patients were hospitalized overall for any reason during the 48-week study observation period than captopril-treated patients (86 [24.4 percent] versus 119 [32.2 percent]; p=0.018). The incidence of heart failure hospitalizations however was not different between treatment groups (both 5.7 percent) (Table 3). Functional Status and Norepinephrine Levels New York Heart Association functional class improved similarly with losartan and captopril treatment (p≤O.OOl versus baseline for each treatment group); 80 percent of losartan-treated patients and 82 percent of captopril-treated patients were classified as New York Heart Association Class I or II at the end of the study versus 66 percent of losartan-treated patients and 64 percent of captopril-treated patients at baseline (Figure 4). With regard to plasma norepinephrine levels, a three percent decrease from a geometric mean baseline of 469 pg/mL was observed at 48 weeks with losartan treatment, as compared to a five percent increase from a geometric mean baseline of 424 pg/mL with captopril (p = NS between treatment groups). Table 2. Frequency of Increases in Serum Creatinine in All Patients and by Age AGE RISK REDUCTION EVENT CATEGORY 1" TREATMENT N CRUDE EVENT RATE (95% Cl) +t P-VALUE ttt number (percent) of patients >0.3 mg/dl Overall Losartan 352 37 (10.5) 0.02 (-0.51, 0.36) 0.629 Increase Captopril 370 39 (10.5) (confirmed <70 years Losartan 95 8 ( 8.4) 0.00 (-1.44, 0.59) within Captopril 119 10 ( 8.4) 5-14 Days) >70 years Losartan 257 29 (11.3) 0.02 (-0.59, 0.40) Captopril 251 29 (11.6) Treatment comparisons were performed for overall group only. tt Risk Reduction is the reduced risk of experiencing the related endpoint on losartan compared to captopril (a negative number denotes an increase in risk); overall estimates control for age category; Cl denotes confidence interval. ttt P- value based upon log-rank test (survival analysis) with age category included as a stratification factor in the model. Table 3. Mortality/Heart Failure Hospitalizations and Cause of Death LOSARTAN CAPTOPRIL RISK REDUCTION VARIABLE n=352 n=370 (95% Cl) + P- VALUE tt number (percent) of patients Death and/or Hospitalization for Heart Failure 33 (9.4) 49 (13.2) 0.32 (- 0.04, 0.55) 0.075 Total Mortality 17 (4.8) 32 ( 8.7) 0.46 ( 0.05, 0.69) 0.035 Cardiovascular Sudden Death 5 (1.4) 14 ( 3.8) 0.64 ( 0.03, 0.86) 0.043 Progressive Heart 1 (0.3) 1 ( 0.3) -0.11 (-20.23, 0.94) 0.930 Failure Fatal Myocardial 1 (0.3) 4 ( 1.1) 0.76 (- 0.83, 0.97) 0.172 Infarction Other Vascular 5 (1.4) 5 ( 1-4) -0.03 (- 2.63, 0.71) 0.958 Non-cardiovascular 5 (1.4) 8 ( 2.2) 0.35 (- 0.94, 0.78) 0.434 Hospitalization for Heart 20 (5.7) 21 ( 5.7) 0.04 (- 0.74, 0.47) 0.894 Failure Risk Reduction is the reduced risk of the related endpoint on losartan compared to captopril (a negative number denotes an increase in risk); estimates control for age category, Cl denotes confidence interval. tt P-value based upon log-rank test (survival analysis) with age category included as a stratification factor in the model. ELITE is the first long-term (48 weeks) study to compare the effect of treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, to an ACE inhibitor (captopril) in patients with symptomatic heart failure and systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Captopril was chosen as the comparative ACE inhibitor in this study because it had been suggested to have less adverse renal effects than longer-acting ACE inhibitors. (See Packer, M., Lee, W.H., Yushak, M., Medina, N.: Comparison of Captopril and Enalapril in patients with severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med; 315: 847-853.) The incidence of persistent renal dysfunction, as defined by a persisting increase in serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL (the primary endpoint), was not different between losartan- and captopril-treated patients (both 10.5%). The observation overall that both losartan and captopril were relatively well tolerated with regard to renal function was evident, given that less than 2% of patients discontinued for this reason in either group. This is of clinical relevance for treating older patients with heart failure. The results of this study demonstrate that treatment with losartan resulted in a 46% reduction in all-cause mortality compared to captopril, a drug with demonstrated survival benefit in several studies. (See Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. on behalf of the SAVE Investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677; Fonarow GC, Chelimsky-Fallick C, Warner Stevenson L, et al. Effect of direct vasodilation with hydralazine versus angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on mortality in advanced heart failure: the Hy-C trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 842-850; and ISIS Collaborative Group OU. ISIS-4: Randomized study of oral isosorbide mononitrate in over 50,000 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 88: 1394.) The cumulative survival benefit of losartan was observed early during the study, persisted throughout the 48-week treatment period, and was consistent among all subgroups except in female patients. It should be noted that the number of female patients enrolled in this study was relatively small; and the mortality benefit could not be demonstrated in this study. The greater drop-out rate in the captopril-treated patients did not account for the beneficial effects of losartan on total mortality; the treatment difference in total mortality was primarily due to those who remained on active therapy. An improvement in survival with losartan of similar magnitude has also been observed in two placebo-controlled 12-week exercise studies. See Klinger G, Jaramillo N, Ikram H, et al. Effects of losartan on exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996 (in press); (Abstract). The three-month control group mortality rates in the exercise studies and the present study were comparable to the placebo and enalapril mortality rates respectively in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial (Figure 5). See The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302. Despite the limitations of cross-study comparisons, treatment with losartan in the exercise studies and the present study was associated with comparably low mortality rates which were less than the observed mortality rates for both placebo and enalapril in SOLVD. Prior to the use of ACE inhibitors, progressive heart failure accounted for approximately 50% of deaths due to heart failure. See Applefield MM. Chronic congestive heart failure: Where have we been? Where are we heading? Am J Med 1986; 80: 73-77. In patients with mild to moderate heart failure treated with an ACE inhibitor, death due to progressive heart failure has diminished so that sudden cardiac death is currently the predominant mode of death. For example, in the recently discontinued Survival With Oral -Sotalol (SWORD) trial, in which patients with mild to moderate heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction were randomized to d-Sotolol or placebo on a background of usual therapy including an ACE inhibitor, arrhythmic death accounted for approximately two-thirds of total mortality in the placebo group, while progressive heart failure for only one-sixth. See Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, et al. for the SWORD Investigators. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet 1996; 348: 7-12. In the present study, sudden cardiac death was also the most prominent cause of death in the captopril-treated patients. Of interest, the observed reduction in mortality on losartan compared to captopril-treated patients in the present study was primarily due to a reduction in sudden cardiac death (see Table 3). Few patients died due to progressive heart failure or to fatal myocardial infarction in either treatment group, although numerically, fatal myocardial infarction deaths occurred less with losartan. The mechanism by which losartan reduces sudden cardiac death in comparison to captopril is uncertain. Whether the reduction in sudden cardiac death was due to more complete blockade of angiotensin II effects or an intrinsic antiarrhythmic/antifibrillatory property of losartan remains to be determined. ACE activity may not be completely suppressed by the presently studied captopril dosing regimen (target dose of 50 mg three times daily), which is a regimen considered to have a mortality benefit. See Cohn JN. The management of chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 490-498. In addition angiotensin II may also be formed by non-ACE-dependent pathways. (See Miura S, Ideishi M, Sakai T, et al. Angiotensin II formation by an alternative pathway during exercise in humans. J Hypertension 1994; 12: 1177- 1181 ; Urata H, Kinoshita A, Misono KS, Bumpus FM, Husain A. Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II- forming enzyme in the human chymase. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 22348- 22357; Urata H, Strobel F, Ganten D. Widespread tissue distribution of human chymase. J Hypertension 1994; 12: S17-S22; and Aldigier JC, Huang H, Dalmay F, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition does not suppress plasma angiotensin II increase during exercise in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 21: 289-295.) It is possible that more complete blockade of angiotensin II effects by losartan may result in more complete suppression of catecholamines at the tissue level. See Brasch H, Sieroslawski L, Dominiak P. Angiotensin II increases norepinephrine release from atria by acting on angiotensin subtype 1 receptors. Hypertension 1993; 22: 699-704. Furthermore, bradykinin, which is known to release norepinephrine, is not elevated with direct angiotensin II blockade compared with ACE inhibitor therapy. (See Minisi AJ, Thames MD. Distribution of left ventricular sympathetic afferents demonstrated by reflex responses to transmural myocardial ischemia and to intracoronary and epicardial bradykinin. Circulation 1993; 87: 240-246; and Timmermans P, Wong PC, Chiu AT, et al. Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Reviews 1993; 45: 205-251.) A small decrease in mean plasma norepinephrine was observed in the present study with losartan compared to captopril. Plasma catecholamine levels may not, however, reflect local cardiac tissue levels, and resting values may not reflect transient increases during stress or ischemia. In this study, heart failure status appeared to improve to a similar degree in both treatment groups. New York Heart Association functional class improved significantly and to a comparable extent from baseline following long-term treatment with both losartan and captopril (Figure 4). The rate of hospitalization for heart failure in patients treated with losartan was also similar to that observed in patients treated with captopril. Another similarity was the low incidence of death due to progressive heart failure (less than one percent for both losartan and captopril-treated patients), suggesting a similar beneficial effect for both treatments. Overall hospitalizations were however less frequent with losartan treatment versus captoril. In conclusion, in older patients with symptomatic heart failure, losartan was better tolerated compared to captopril, with fewer patients discontinuing therapy due to adverse effects or being hospitalized, but was not different from captopril in causing persistent renal dysfunction defined as a sustained increase in serum creatinine. The effects on progressive heart failure hospitalization and improvement in New York Heart Association functional class were similar in the two treatment groups. There was, however, a decrease in all-cause mortality observed with losartan compared to captopril treatment, mainly due to a reduction in sudden cardiac death. These findings suggest that treatment with losartan may offer important therapeutic benefits compared to an ACE inhibitor, and may have far reaching implications for the treatment of patients with heart failure. EXAMPLE 2 Exercise Study — Protocols A & B Protocols A & B were, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled studies to investigate the effects of losartan on the exercise capacity and clinical status of patients over the age of 18 with symptomatic heart failure. Approximately three hundred and fifty (350) patients with symptomatic heart failure (NYHA Functional Class II-IV, at least 50% Class III-IV) and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% were randomized to receive either losartan or placebo once daily for 12 weeks in each study. Following a minimum 15-day baseline placebo period, during which a minimum of 5 and maximum of 8 sets of baseline exercise tests (treadmill exercise test and 6-minute walk test) were performed, patients were randomized to treatment with losartan or placebo in a 2: 1 ratio, respectively. According to the protocol's, patients must not have received an ACE-inhibitor for at least 6 weeks prior to the third baseline exercise test visit. Treatment with an ACE-inhibitor was not allowed at any time during these studies. This report summarizes the results of the Meta-analysis performed (as proposed in the Data Analysis Plan) on the observed mortality and congestive heart failure (CHF) hospitalization across these two studies. The mortality and CHF hospitalization were not predefined endpoints in the protocols but it was intended that they be analyzed as a part of safety. Thus results from these analyses should not be interpreted as a test of significance as there were no predefined hypotheses corresponding to these safety parameters. However, these results can simply be regarded as a measure of the disparity between the losartan and placebo groups with respect to the observed results across the two studies. Odds ratio's with 95% confidence intervals have been provided for these variables. Peto-modified Mantel-Haenszel (Fleiss, J.L., Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, Wiley, NY, 1981.) method was used to carry out the Meta-analysis of death and CHF hospitalization rates in the two 12 week exercise studies. This method assumes homogeneity across the studies and provides a test for heterogeneity. Results of the Meta-analysis are displayed in Tables 4-6. A total of three hundred and fifty one (351) patients were enrolled in the protocol A study; 237 patients were randomized to receive losartan and 114 patients were randomized to receive placebo. There were 4 (3.5%) deaths in the placebo group as compared to 4 (1.7%) in the losartan group during the double-blind therapy or as related to serious adverse events (AE) during double-blind. Additionally there were 10 (8.8%) CHF hospitalizations in the placebo group as compared to 10 (4.2%) in the losartan group during the double-blind therapy or as related to serious AE during double-blind. One patient included in the losartan group discontinued due to worsening HF and was hospitalized 2 days after discontinuation from double-blind period. Table 4 provides the odds ratio for the Death and CHF hospitalization in the protocol A exercise study. The odds of dying in the placebo group are 2.1 times the odds of dying in the losartan group while the odds of CHF hospitalization in the placebo group are 2.2 times the odds of CHF hospitalization in the losartan group. However, since 1.0 is included in both the 95% confidence intervals the possibility that the odds of dying (or CHF hospitalization) in the placebo group is the same as odds of dying (or CHF hospitalization) in the losartan group can not be excluded (see Table 4). A total of three hundred and eighty five (385) patients were enrolled in the protocol B exercise study; 254 patients were randomized to receive losartan and 131 patients were randomized to receive placebo. There were 9 (6.9%) deaths in the placebo group as compared to 3 (1.2%) in the losartan group during the double-blind therapy or as related to serious AE during double-blind. Additionally there were 7 (5.3%) CHF hospitalizations in the placebo group as compared to 5 (2.0%) in the losartan group during the double-blind therapy or as related to serious AE during double-blind. Table 5 provides the odds ratio for the. Death and CHF hospitalization in the protocol B exercise study. The odds of dying in the placebo group are 5.6 times the odds of dying in the losartan group while the odds of CHF hospitalization in the placebo group are 2.7 times the odds of CHF hospitalization in the losartan group. The 95% confidence interval for odds ratio of death was (1.61, 19.34). This implies that the odds of dying in the placebo group are greater than the odds of dying in the losartan group. However, since 1.0 is included in the 95% confidence interval for odds ratio of CHF hospitalization, the possibility that the odds of CHF hospitalization in the placebo group is same as the odds of CHF hospitalization in the losartan group can not be excluded (see Table 5). Since the results from protocols A and B are consistent, a safety Meta-analysis as proposed in the Data Analysis Plan has been performed. Homogeneity between the two studies with respect to odds ratio's for death and CHF hospitalization was found. Table 6 provides the results of the Meta-analysis of the two 12 week exercise studies. The odds of dying in the placebo group are 3.5 times the odds of dying in the losartan group while the odds of CHF hospitalization in the placebo group are 2.4 times the odds of CHF hospitalization in the losartan group. The 95% confidence intervals for odds ratio's with respect to death and CHF hospitalization are (1.43, 8.77) and (1.19, 4.76), respectively. Thus the odds of dying in the placebo group are significantly greater than the odds of dying in the losartan group. Similarly the odds of CHF hospitalization in the placebo group are significantly greater than the odds of CHF hospitalization in the losartan group. TABLE 4 CLINICAL EVENTS— PROTOCOL A b : during double-blind therapy or was related to SAE during double-blind a : one patient discontinued due to worsening HF and was hospitalized 2 days after discontinuation from double-blind. TABLE 5 CLINICAL EVENTS — PROTOCOL B b: during double-blind therapy or was related to Serious AE during double-blind *: odds are greater for placebo group as compared to losartan group TABLE 6— Meta- Analysis® CLINICAL EVENTS— PROTOCOLS A &B @ : Peto-modified Mantel-Haenszel method b: during double-blind therapy or was related to Serious AE during double-blind a: one patient discontinued due to worsening HF and was hospitalized 2 days after discontinuation from double-blind. *: odds are greater for placebo group as compared to losartan group

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 2. A method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)- l,r-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5- b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. 3. The method as recited in Claim 2, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'- biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. 4. A method for reducing mortality by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rlis: O II 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R y ; -O-S-OH; -S0 3 H; -C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O II o II " 0 — P — OH; — P0 3 H 2 ; — NH _p- 0 H; 4-NHS0 2 CH 3 ; OH OH OH O N-N I II 4-NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 N I HΠ 2 ; -c — p- N 2> ■ - OH; i N R 27 OH H C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 ; (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; Nθ2; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; C02H; Cθ2R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 2 NI HΠ 2 , ,N; aryl; or furyl; R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R is CN, N02 or C02RH; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R14; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2)sZ(CH2)mR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14' benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, Nθ2, C v F2v+L where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O _ p16 ' straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R8 is H, CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2) -imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2)m-1 . 2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH 2 )„SRl5 ; -CH=CH(CH2) 5 OCRl l; (CH2) 5 -CH-CORl6; CH3 -(CH2) n CRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRl0; -(CH2) n NRl lCORl ; -(CH2) n NRl 18 NHRlO; -(CH2) w NRl lSO2Rl0; -(CH2) ) wW NNRRl1 l1CCRRl1O0;; --((CH2) F; -(CH2) ONθ2; -CH2N3; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRl lRl7; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2)/ ? C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -Cθ2H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)20H; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; — CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; N , Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2)/ ? C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula /— (CH 2 — N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, O or CH2; - 79 - SUBST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)u ,where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2)q-', R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - N-, -CON-, -NCO-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, 26 tø k23 -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, — CF 2 CF 2 — ; or R 29 Q OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; ZisO, NRll,orS; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and R 3 is C02H, or N-N N H then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl3 must be ortho except when X=NR23cθ and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is X is NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). 5. The method as recited in Claim 4, using the angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I: wherein: Rl is -C02H; -NHSO2CF3; R6 is alkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with up to two groups selected from alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and nitro; R8 is phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 4 carbon atoms, -(CH2)m-imidazol-lyl, -(CH2) l . 2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (CH2) -tetrazolyl, -(CH2) n ORl l; -(CH2)rcOCRl4; -CH=CH(CH2)sCRl6, -CH=CH(CH2) 5 CHORl5; -(CH2),ιCRl6; -(CH2)nNHCORlO; -(CH2)«NHSθ2RlO; O -(CH 2 ) F; -CR16; Rl3 is -CO2H, -C02R9, NHSO2CF3; SO3H; N-N or .N N H Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, OR 17, or NRl8Rl9 ; X is carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CON-, -CH2CH2-, -NCO-, R23 R23 -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -NHCH2-, -CH2NH- or -CH=CH-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds. 6. The method as recited in Claim 5, using the angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: R2 is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms; R7 is H, Cl, Br, C v F2v+l, where v=l-3, or -CRl6; O R14 R8 is -(CH2) ORH; -(CH2)mOCRl4; -CH=CH-CHORl5; -(CH2) m CRl6; -CH2NHCORIO; - _ 16. RlO is CF3, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl; Rl 1 is H, or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R13 is C02H; Cθ2CH2θCOC(CH3)3; NHSO2CF3; R 4 is H, or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms; OR17; or / — \ — N O ; _ m is 1 to 5; X is single bond, -0-; -CO-; -NHCO-; or -OCH2-; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts. 7. The method as recited in Claim 4, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 2-Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5- (hydroxymethyl)imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5-(hydroxy- methyl)imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5-[(methoxy- carbonyl)aminomethyl]imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5-[(propoxy- carbonyl)aminomethyl]imidazole. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-5- carboxaldehyde. -Butyl-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-imidazole-5-carbox- aldehyde. -(lE-Butenyl)-4-chloro-l-[(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5- (hydroxymethyl)imidazole. -( 1 E-Butenyl)-4-chloro- 1 - [(2'-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. -Propyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5- (hydroxymethyl)imidazole. -Propyl-4-chloro-l [(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidzole-5-carboxaldehyde. -(lE-Butenyl)-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]-5-hydroxymethyl)imidazole. (lE-Butenyl)-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. -Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. -Propyl-4-chloro-l-[(2-'(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)-biρhenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. -Propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. -Propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]-5-(hydroxylmethyl)imidazole. -Butyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. 2-Propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-l-[(2'-(carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]- imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde. 2-Propyl-4-pentafιuoroethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)imidazole. 2-Proρyl-l-[(2-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-4,5,- dicarboxylic acid. 2-Propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl-l-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. 2-Propyl-4-pentafluoroethyl-[(2'-(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 8. The method as recited in Claim 7, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I is: 2-Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-5-(hydroxy- methyl)imidazole; and 2-Butyl-4-chloro-l-[(2'-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methylimidazole-5- carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 9. The method as recited in Claim 8, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is 65 years of age or older. 10. A method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 11. A method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS-184698, 3-(2'- (tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. 12. The method as recited in Claim 11, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'- biphen-4-y l)methy 1-5 ,7-dimethy 1-2-ethyl- 3 H-imidazo [4 ,5 -b]py ridine . 13. A method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rl is: O II 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R y ; -O-S-OH; -S0 3 H; -C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O II O II — O — P — OH; — P0 3 H 2 ; — NH _p_ 0H; 4 _. NH S0 2 CH 3 ; OH OH OH O N-N I II -NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 NH 2 0 u 7 Λ 2;> _c_p_ OH.; > ..,N N R 27 OH H C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; N02; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; CO2H; C02R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; N; ar y|; or furyl; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R4 is CN, Nθ2 or Cθ2RH; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R14; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2)sZ(CH2)mR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, N02, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O _ p16 straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; , CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2)m- nidazol-l-yl; -(CH2)m-l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH 2 ) w SRl5; -(CH2) n CRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRlO; -(CH2) n NRl lCORlO; -(CH2)«NRl lCNHRlO; -(CH2)«NRl ISO2RIO; Y -(CH 2 ) w NRl lCRlO; -(CH 2 ) F; -(CH ) ON0 2 ; -CH2N3; -(CH2)mN02; -CH=N-NRHR17 ; O II / — \ CHgO R24 O R is: -CH-OCR21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naρhthyl)ethyl, or (CH2)/ ? C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -Cθ2H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; OH; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)20H; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2) C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula /— (CH 2 ) t — N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, O or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)w ,where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2) -; R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -NHC(R27)(R28)_, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, R 29 Q OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRH, or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or N-N 7 ; N N H then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl3 must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH 1-C-,, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is O X is NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). - 100 - SUBST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 14. The method as recited in Claim 13, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP-3174, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 15. The method as recited in Claim 14, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is 65 years of age or older. 16. A method for reducing mortality and sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 17. A method for reducing mortality and sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3- (2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , r-biρhen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. 18. The method as recited in Claim 16, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'- biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. 19. A method for reducing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II antagonist formula I wherein: Rlis: O 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R 9 ; -O-S-OH; -S0 3 H; -C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH -O OH O N-N -NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 NH 2 ; _c_p- 0 H; A .N N R 27 OH H C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; N02; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; C02H; Cθ2R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; N ; a ryl; or furyl; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R14; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2)sZ(CH2)mR 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, N02, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O C 1 1 -R 1 C ' straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; , CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2)rø-imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2)rø-l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH2)nCRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRlO; -(CH2) n NRl lCORlO; O -(CH2)nNRl lCNHRlO; -(CH2)«NRl ISO2RIO; Y -(CH 2 )nNRl lCRlO; -(CH 2 ) F; -(CH 2 ) ONθ2; -CH 2 N ; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRHR17 ; R9 i is: -£H-OCR21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naρhthyl)ethyl, or (CH_ pCβH5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -Cθ2H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; -O- OH; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)2θH; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; — CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2)/ ? C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula ^-(CH 2 ) t — N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, O or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)u ,where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2)g-; R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - N-, -CON-, -NCO-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, R26 R23 R23 -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, i Λ OR 14 OCOR 17 NR 25 — CF 2 CF 2 — ; / \ ; — CH- ; — CH- ■ — C— or R 29 0 OR 30 \ / — c— ; is 0 or S; Z is O, NRH, or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or N-N A N λ H then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH- IC-, Rl is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is O X is NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). - 112 - SUBSTJTUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 20. The method as recited in Claim 19, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP-3174 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 21. The method as recited in Claim 20, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is 65 years of age or older. 22. A method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 23. A method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3-(2'- (tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , 1 '-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. 24. The method as recited in Claim 23, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'- biphen-4-y l)methy 1-5 ,7 -dimethy 1-2-ethy 1-3 H-imidazo [4,5 -b] py ridine . 25. A method for preventing sudden cardiac death by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rlis: O II 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R 9 ; — O- S II-OH; S0 3 H; — C(CF 3 ) 2 OH; OH O II O II 0- -p- OH; — P0 3 3H π 2> NH— P-OH; 4-NHS0 2 CH 3 ; OH OH 4-NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 NH 2 ; - C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 ; (/-isomer) /-isomer) cθ 2 H R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; Nθ2; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; C02H; C02R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; U N; ary , ; or fury |. N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or C02R14; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2).yZ(CH2) R 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, Nθ2, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O 1 1 1« C — R ' straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R8 is H, CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2)m-imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2)rø-l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; 0 -(CH2)n-lCH-Rl l; -(CH 2 )„OCRl4; -(CH 2 )«SRl5; OR17 -CH=CH(CH2) 5 C 5H 14 ORl5; -CH=CH(CH2)s ftCRl6; - 9CR16 ; -(CH2) n CRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRlO; -(CH2) n NRl lCORlO; O -(CH2)«NRl lCNHRlO; -(CH2)«NRl ISO2RIO; -(CH 2 )nNRl lCRlO; -(CH2) W F; -(CH 2 ) ONθ2; -CH2N3; -(CH2) N02; -CH=N-NRHR17; R24 O R is: -CH-OCR21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2) C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -C02H; -C02R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)2θH; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2) C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19 ; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl and Rl9 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula - (CH 2 ) t ■ N Q ; \ / Q is NR20, O or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)u .where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2) -; R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - N-, -CON-, -NCO-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, R26 R23 R23 -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, R 29 0 OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRH, or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or N-N 7 :N N H then Rl must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl3 must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl3 must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R6 cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R6 is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is X is NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). 26. The method as recited in Claim 25, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP-3174, or a pharmaceutically acceptable thereof. 27. The method as recited in Claim 26, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is 65 years of age or older. 28. A method for reducing hospitalization by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 29. A method for reducing hospitalization by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patients a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698, 3-(2'- (tetrazol-5-yl)- 1 , 1 '-biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, BAY106734, BIBR363, CL329167, E4177, EMD73495, HN65021, HR720, HOE720, LRB081, SC52458, SL910102, UP2696, YM358, EMD66397, ME3221, TAK536, BMS184698, CGP42112A, CGP49870, CP148130, E4188, EMD66684, EXP9954, FRl 153332, GA0050, KT3579, LF70156, LRB057, LY266099, LY301875, PD123177, PD126055, SC51757, SC54629, U96849, UK77778, WAY126227, WK1260, WK1492, YH1498, andYM31472. 30. The method as recited in Claim 29, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: candesartan cilexetil, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, BMS- 184698 and 3-(2'-(tetrazol-5-yl)-l,l'- biphen-4-yl)methyl-5,7-dimethyl-2-ethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. 31. A method for reducing hospitalization by administering to a symptomatic heart failure patient a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of formula I wherein: Rlis: O II 4-C0 2 H; 4-C0 2 R y ; -O-S-OH; -S0 3 H; -C(CF 3 ) 2 0H; OH O II O II — O — P — OH; — P0 3 H 2 ; — NH— P-OH; 4-NHS0 2 CH 3 OH 4-NHS0 2 CF 3 ; -CONHOR 12 ; -S0 2 N C0 2 H 4-CONHNHS0 2 CF 3 ; 4-CONH-CHCH 2 C 6 H 5 (/-isomer) R2 is H; Cl; Br; I; F; N02; CN; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; acyloxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; CO2H; Cθ2R9; HNSO2CH3; NHSO2CF3; N-N CONHOR 12 ; S0 2 NH 2 ; H N; ary , ; or fury , ; N H R3 is H; Cl, Br, I or F; alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms alkenyl or alkynyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or the same groups substituted with F or Cθ2Rl4; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl, of 4 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkenyl or cycloalkylalkynyl 5 to 10 carbon atoms; (CH2).yZ(CH2) R 5 optionally substituted with F or C02R14; benzyl substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 or 2 halogens, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or nitro; R7 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, Nθ2, C v F2v+l, where v=l-6, C6F5; CN; O C- R ' straight or branched alkyl of l to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl or phenylalkyl, where alkyl is l to 3 carbon atoms; or substituted phenyl or substituted phenylalkyl, where alkyl is 1 to 3 carbon atoms, substituted with one or two substituents selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, F, Cl, Br, OH, OCH3, CF3, and COOR, where R is H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R8 is H, CN, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or the same groups substituted with F; phenylalkenyl wherein the aliphatic portion is 2 to 6 carbon atoms; -(CH2) -imidazol-l-yl; -(CH2) -l,2,3-triazolyl optionally substituted with one or two group selected from CO2CH3 or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -(CH2)s tetrazolyl; -(CH2)n-lCH-RH; -(CH2) w OCRl4; -(CH 2 )„SRl5; OR17 Rl4 O O -CH=CH(CH2) 5 CHORl5; -CH=CH(CH2)^CRl ; -CR16; -(CH2)nCRl6; -(CH2) n OCNHRlO; -(CH2) n NRl lCORlO ; -(CH 2 ), «NRl 18 NHRlO; -(CH2)«NRl lSO2Rl0; -(CH2) w NRl lCRlO; -(CH 2 ) F; -(CH 2 ) ONθ2; -CH2N3; -(CH2) Nθ2; -CH=N-NRHR17; R24 O R9 is: -CH-OCR21; RlO is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-adamantyl, 1-naphthyl, 1-(1- naphthyl)ethyl, or (CH2)/?C6H5; Rl 1 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl2 is H, methyl or benzyl; R13 is -CO2H; -Cθ2R9; -CH2CO2H, -CH2C02R9; -PO3H2; -C(CF3)2θH; -NHSO2CH3; -NHSO2CF3; -NHCOCF3; -CONHOR12; -SO2NH2; Rl4 is H, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl5 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenacyl; Rl6 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, (CH2)/ ? C6H5, OR17, or NR18R19; Rl7 is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl; Rl8 and Rl independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, or taken together with the nitrogen form a ring of the formula - (CH 2 ) t — N Q ; \ / - 129 - SUBST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Q is NR20, o or CH2; R20 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R21 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -NR22R23, or - CHCH2CO2CH3; NH2 R22 and R23 independently are H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or are taken together as (CH2)w , where u is 3-6; R24 is H, CH3 or -C6H5; R25 is NR27R28, OR28, NHCONH2, NHCSNH2, NHS0 2 — V-CH 3 ; R26 is hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl, or allyl; R27 and R28 are independently hydrogen, alkyl with from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or phenyl; R29 and R30 are independently alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or taken together are -(CH2) -; R31 is H, alkyl or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, -CH2CH=CH2 or - X is a carbon-carbon single bond, -CO-, -CH2-, -0-, -S-, -NH-, - -0CH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -NHC(R27)(R28)-, -NR23S02-, -S02NR23-, -CH=CH-, - CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH2CH2-, -C(R27)(R28)NH-, — CF 2 CF 2 — ; or R 29 0 OR 30 \ / — c— ; Y is O or S; Z is O, NRl l, or S; m is 1 to 5; n is 1 to 10; p is 0 to 3; q is 2 to 3; r is 0 to 2; s is 0 to 5; t is 0 or 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds; provided that: (1) the Rl group is not in the ortho position; (2) when Rl is X is a single bond, and Rl3 is C02H, or N-N 7 ; N N H then Rl3 must be in the ortho or meta position; or when Rl and X are as above and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, Rl must be ortho; (3) when Rl is and X is other than a single bond, then Rl must be ortho except when X=NR23C0 and Rl3 is NHSO2CF3 or NHSO2CH3, then Rl3 must be ortho or meta; (4) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, R cannot be S-alkyl; (5) when Rl is 4-C02H or a salt thereof, the substituent on the 4-position of the imidazole cannot be CH2OH, CH2OCOCH3, or CH2CO2H; (6) when Rl is X is -OCH2-, and Rl3 is 2-C02H, and R7 is H then R is not C2H5S; (7) when Rl is and R6 is n-hexyl then R7 and R8 are not both hydrogen; (8) when Rl is R6 is not methoxybenzyl; (9) the R6 group is not -CHCH2CH2CH3 or CH2OH; F (10) when r=0, Rl is X is -NH- IC-, Rl3 is 2-NHSO2CF3, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -CO2CH3; (11) when r=0, Rl is X is NH-C-, Rl3 is 2-COOH, and R6 is n-propyl, then R7 and R8 are not -Cθ2CH3; (12) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 3-(tetrazol-5-yl); (13) when r=l, X is a single bond, R7 is Cl, and R8 is -CHO, then Rl3 is not 4-(tetrazol-5-yl). - 134 - SUBST1TUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 32. The method as recited in Claim 31, wherein the angiotensin II receptor antagonist is losartan or EXP-3174, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 33. The method as recited in Claim 32, wherein the symptomatic heart failure patient is 65 years of age or older.

Inventors: BEERE POLLY A, CHANG PAUL I, PITT BERTRAM, RUCINSKA EWA J, SEGAL ROBERT, SHARMA DIVAKAR, SNAVELY DUANE B, BEERE, POLLY, A., CHANG, PAUL, I., PITT, BERTRAM, RUCINSKA, EWA, J., SEGAL, ROBERT, SHARMA, DIVAKAR, SNAVELY, DUANE, B.
Applicants: BEERE POLLY A, CHANG PAUL I, MERCK & CO INC, PITT BERTRAM, RUCINSKA EWA J, SEGAL ROBERT, SHARMA DIVAKAR, SNAVELY DUANE B, BEERE, POLLY, A., CHANG, PAUL, I., MERCK & CO., INC., PITT, BERTRAM, RUCINSKA, EWA, J., SEGAL, ROBERT, SHARMA, DIVAKAR, SNAVELY, DUANE, B.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, A61K38, A61K45, A61P9, C07D207, C07D401, C07D403, C07D405, C07D409