LOW-VOLTAGE HIGH-EFFICIENCY FLUORESCENT SIGNAGE, PARTICULARLY EXIT SIGN

Abstract: An "exit" sign lighting system comprising, in combination, a housing having the word EXIT formed in an opening wall (OP) thereof, a translucent member (TPM) in said opening, a gas discharge device (13), such as a fluorescent tube, is driven from a source (26) of a low-voltage, high-frequency square wave voltage having a pair of output terminals and an LC free circuit connecting the low-voltage, high-frequency square wave voltage to the gas discharge device to non-thermionically excite and illuminate the gas discharge device, and thereby illuminate the translucent member and the word EXIT. The low voltage is from about 2 volts to about 90 volts and the frequency is from about 75 kHz to about 3.5 MHz.

Description: LOW-VOLTAGE HIGH-EFFICIENCY FLUORESCENT SIGNAGE, PARTICULARLY EXIT SIGN BACKGROUND AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Exit signs are located in theaters, public buildings, high-rise apartment buildings, and the like for purposes of guiding people safely to exit stairways and exit doorways and the like from these such structures in times of emergency. Normally, they use incandescent lamps which generate large amounts of heat thereby shortening the life of the light source and requiring considerable maintenance and expense. Moreover, since these exit signs are located in buildings which require that they be on in times of emergency and highly visible, possibly through smoke and haze, they require a backup electrical power source in the event of failure of the main power line, such as a conventional 110 volt main. Such prior art systems also may require the alternative lamps or low-voltage lamps which turn on in the event of failure of the main power supply. See Figure 1 and U.S. Patent Nos . 5,611,163 and 5,526,251. There have been efforts to incorporate fluorescent lamps into exit signs. See Patent Nos. 4,587,600 and 4,650,265 as examples. The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved ballastless, non-thermionic and starterless fluorescent exit sign which works on inducing oscillation on the gas contained in the tube at a frequency which is related to the type of gas to obtain maximum luminosity without the presence of a carrier, consumes little electrical energy (2.6 watts) and which is dimmable without flickering regardless of the level of luminosity and in which the light spectrum is constant. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved exit sign which is low in cost and low in energy consumption. The exit sign of the present invention incorporates a ballast-free, starter-free, non-thermionic conventional fluorescent lamp or tube driven by a high-frequency square wave driver circuit. Another object of the invention is to provide a low voltage (under 85 - 90 volts), non-thermionic, ballast- free, fluorescent lighting system for exit signs. According to the invention at least one gas discharge lighting lamp or tube (which may be constituted by UV- responsive phosphor-coated envelope confining a gaseous discharge medium at a predetermined pressure between a pair of electrodes) is mounted in an "exit" sign housing and non-thermionically driven by a low-voltage square wave power supply. The square wave power supply may incorporate a solid state switch which is operated to generate a substantially square wave alternating current wave at the lamp or tube electrodes such that the voltage supplied to the electrodes reverses polarity more rapidly than the pattern of electron and ion density in the tube can shift so that electrons throughout the length of the tube are continually accelerated and will, through several cycles of said square wave, create free electrons and ions throughout the tube's volume, in steady state operation and illuminate the fluorescent lighting lamp. The frequency of oscillation is preferably related to the type of gas to obtain maximum luminosity without the presence of a carrier. The current in the tube is minimal and no noticeable level of RFs are present, that is, there is substantially no radio interference. The oscillating transformer in the present invention provides a level of luminosity which is a function of the voltage thereby making dimming of the fluorescent lamp possible without flickering (90% dimming) regardless of the level of luminosity. The band on the spectrum is constant and reflects the initial reaction to the oscillation. The system works in any type of gas filled envelope. In a preferred exit sign system, a 7.2 volt DC rechargeable battery is used. The battery backup has a battery charging circuit and uses a 7.2 volt nicad rechargeable battery. The fluorescent tube is an FT6 fluorescent tube with no starter or ballast and the filaments are not connected to a source of heater current. The light output in such a lamp is bright and the battery good for three hours (when only ninety minutes are required by federal regulations). The exit sign uses 2.6 watts of energy (in comparison to the standard sign on the market uses 50 watts). The display is green which corresponds to the new spec for LED equipped signs in the market which are only red. The cost of manufacturing is much lower than the standard sign on the market. In one preferred embodiment, the driver circuit of the present invention includes an oscillating transformer having a primary and secondary winding with the primary winding center tapped and coupled to the toggle or gate electrode of a switching diode. A supply of direct current such as a low-voltage battery is applied through a electrolytic filter capacitor and a 1500 ohm resistor bypassed by a capacitor. A third capacitor shunts the switching diode. The circuit operates to provide 3.9 megahertz square waves output on the secondary at 1.4 volts to a fluorescent tube such as FT6. An AC supply is rectified and used to supply the driver circuit. A charging circuit for a battery is connected to the AC supply. Upon failure of the AC supply, the battery automatically supplies DC voltage to the driver circuit. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent when considered with the following specification and accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a block diagram of prior art incandescent exit signs, Figure 2 is a block diagram having a driver circuit incorporating the present invention, Figure 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of the driver circuit of the present invention, Figure 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a transformerless square wave inverter circuit of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a schematic isometric view of an exit sign and housing incorporating the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The system of the present invention uses a square wave AC inverter circuit to drive the electrodes of a fluorescent tube mounted in an exit sign. The square wave alternating current wave at the tube electrodes is such as to reverse polarity more rapidly than the pattern of electron and ion density in the tube can shift so that electrons throughout the tube are continuously accelerated and will, through several cycles of the square wave create free electrons and ions throughout the gas tube's volume, in steady state operation and illuminate the exit sign's fluorescent lighting lamp. The frequency of oscillation can be related to the type of gas to obtain maximum luminosity without the presence of a carrier. The curren.t. on the tube is minimal so when operating from the battery, there is low drainage and long time of operation when there is a power outage, and there is no noticeable level of RF present so there is little or no radio interference. The present invention uses an oscillation transformer, and the level of luminosity is a function of the voltage making dimming of the fluorescent lamp possible without flickering (90% dimming) regardless of the level of luminosity. The band on the light spectrum is constant and reflects the initial reaction to the oscillation. The system works in any type of gas-filled envelope. Referring now to Figure 2, a step-down transformer supplies AC voltage (120V) 26 to an inverter 10 which charges battery 11 coupled to an alternating square wave driver circuit 12 which in turn supplies the high-frequency (3.9 megahertz at about 1.4 volts) alternating current square wave to fluorescent tube 13 which emits light 14. The driver circuit is shown in detail in Figure 3. Switch 15 couples DC voltage (7.2 volts) from battery 11 to the driver circuit 13. The driver circuit includes an oscillation transformer Tl having a center tapped primary having windings PI, P2 with the center tap connected to the gate electrode of solid state switch or oscillating diode Dl. The opposing ends of oscillating diode Dl are connected to the upper and lower ends of the primary windings PI, P2 of transformer Tl. A filter capacitor Cl is connected across the 7.2 volt direct current input, and a filter capacitor C3 is connected to coupling resistor Rl. A shunt capacitor C2 shunts the oscillating diode Dl. The output to the fluorescent tube is about 1.4 volts at 3.9 megahertz open circuit and 1.7 megahertz square wave at the tube. Thus, the circuit has no ballast, no starter, no filament current source, is non-thermionic and produces more light using the conventional fluorescent lamps and because it is non-thermionic is significantly more efficient. Figure 3 illustrates a low-voltage square wave inverter circuit requiring a minimum of five components (the electrolytic filter capacitor Cl is deemed to be a part of the DC power source or supply). Switch 15 couples DC voltage (7.2 volts for example) from a battery to the low-voltage square wave inverter drive circuit resistor Rl can be a dimmer (intensity control) resistor. This driver circuit includes an oscillation transformer Tl having a center tapped CT primary winding having primary windings Pi and P2 with the center top CT connected to gate electrode G of solid state switch Dl. The opposing ends of switch Dl are connected to the upper and lower ends of the primary windings PI and P2. A capacitor C3 shunts the oscillating transistor/diode 39. The exemplary circuit components are as follow: Fluorescent tube FT6 Resistor Rl 1500 Ohms Capacitor Cl 47UF 10V Electrolytic Transistor diode 39 5609/6BC/ECB Capacitor 31 2A562K Capacitor 32 2A22K The output to the fluorescent tube is about 1.4 volts RMS at 3.9 MHz open circuit and 1.7 MHz, square wave at the tube. Thus, the system has no ballast transformer, no thermionic heating of filaments, no starter circuit, and produces light in a more energy-efficient way. Figure 4 diagrammatically illustrates a transformerless square wave inverter circuit. Here, the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of a direct current source are alternately connected to opposing electrodes of the fluorescent lamp(s). In this case, when switches SI and S2 are closed simultaneously or at the same time (preferably by the same signal from controller CONT, the positive terminal (+) is connected to electrode 4-1 and the negative terminal (-) is connected directly to electrode 4- 2. When the switches S3 and S4 are simultaneously closed (and switches SI and S4 are open) by controller CONT, the positive terminal (+) is connected directly to lamp electrode 4-2 and the negative terminal (-) is connected to fluorescent lamp electrode 4-1. Controller CONT can operate the switches in the range of about 75 kHz to about 3.9 MHz and preferably operates the switches to cause the square wave applied to lamp electrodes 4-1 and 4-2 to be at a frequency of about 100 kHz. Figure 5 illustrates an "exit" sign housing HO in which the word "exit" is formed in openings OP in a wall WA and a translucent panel member TPM, colored green or red, etc. so that when illuminated from inside the closed housing HO by the fluorescent lamp which has been excited by the square wave driver circuit disclosed herein. The word "exit" or other signage is illuminated. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated that other embodiments, adaptations and modifications to the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims: I claim : 1. An "exit" sign lighting system comprising, in combination a housing having the word EXIT formed in an opening wall thereof, a translucent member in said opening, a fluorescent gas discharge lamp means, a source of a low- voltage, high-frequency square wave voltage having a pair of output terminals and an LC free circuit connecting said low-voltage, high-frequency square wave voltage to said fluorescent gas discharge means to non-thermionically excite and illuminate said fluorescent gas discharge lamp means, and thereby illuminate said translucent member and the word EXIT. 2. The "exit" sign lighting system defined in Claim 1 wherein said low voltage is from about 2 volts to about 90 volts and the frequency is from about 75 kHz to about 3.5 MHz. 3. An "exit" sign lighting system comprising a housing having walls and openings in at least one of said walls defining the word EXIT and a translucent member in said openings, a gas discharge lamp DEVICE, a source of low-voltage, high-frequency, square wave voltage having a pair of output terminals and means connecting said gas discharge lamp device, said pair of output terminals to non-thermionically excite and illuminate said gas discharge lamp device. 4. The "exit" sign lighting system defined in Claim 3 wherein said low-voltage, high-frequency, square wave voltage source operates in the range of about 75 kHz to about 3.5 MHz . 5. The "exit" sign lighting system defined in Claim 3 wherein said low-voltage, high-frequency, square wave voltage source operates at about 100 kHz. 6. A sign having a housing with indicia for indicating an exit from an area, the sign having a lighting system including a fluorescent gas discharge lamp device mounted in said housing, a source of low-voltage, high- frequency, square wave AC voltage having output terminals and means connecting said gas discharge lamp device to said output terminals to excite and illuminate said fluorescent gas discharge lamp device. 7. A sign as defined in Claim 6 including a source of AC line current, a stepdown transformer connected to said source and having a low AC voltage output, a rectifier connected to said low AC voltage output, a rechargeable storage battery connected to said rectifier and means connecting said low voltage output to said circuit and said rechargeable battery. 8. A sign having a housing with indicia for indicating an exit from an area, the sign having a lighting system including a fluorescent gas discharge lamp device mounted in said housing, a circuit including a source of low-voltage, high-frequency, square wave alternating current voltage and means connecting said gas discharge lamp device to said circuit to excite and illuminate said fluorescent gas discharge lamp device. 9. A sign as defined in Claim 8 including a source of AC line current, a stepdown transformer connected to said source and having a low AC voltage output, a rectifier connected to said low AC voltage output, a rechargeable storage battery connected to said rectifier and means connecting said low voltage output to said circuit and said rechargeable battery.

Inventors: PARRA JORGE M, PARRA, JORGE, M.
Applicants: PARRA JORGE M, PARRA, JORGE, M.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: G05F1
IPC codes: F21S9, H05B41