ENDOVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY GUIDANCE OF INTRA-UTERINE PROCEDURES

Abstract: A system for guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures. The system includes (a) an assembly being operable by a weak hand of a surgeon. The assembly includes: (i) an endovaginal ultrasound transducer (10) being adapted for insertion into a portion of a patient's vagina, the endovaginal ultrasound transducer being for generating an ultrasound beam; (ii) a cervical hold (14) for holding a patient's cervix; and (iii) a connector (12) for interconnecting the ultrasound transducer and the cervical holder (14); (b) a medical instrument (60) for performing the procedure, the medical instrument being operable by a strong hand of the surgeon; and (c) a device for monitoring an alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam.

Description: ENDOVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY GUIDANCE OF INTRA-UTERINE PROCEDURES FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to apparatus system and method for realtime endovaginal sonography guidance of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures. Endovaginal ultrasound transducers for diagnosis and monitoring of obstetric and gynecologic disorders are well known in the art. However, the use of such endovaginal probes for real-time monitoring of surgical procedures is very limited. Examples of endovaginal ultrasound transducers for real-time monitoring and guidance of surgical procedures are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,497,325, 4,671,292, 4,681,103, 4,742,829, 4,877,033, 4,883,059 and 5,280,427, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Most of these disclosures provide ultrasound transducers including a needle and/or catheter guide attached thereto for introducing a needle and/or catheter to a targeted tissue. However, the surgical procedures which may be carried out by such endovaginal probes are usually very limited and include puncturing and drainage of abscesses, local tissue sampling and fluid collection. The prior art fails to provide endovaginal apparatus and method for realtime monitoring and guidance of more complicated surgical procedures. In particular, the prior art fails to provide endovaginal apparatus and method for real-time monitoring and guidance of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures requiring manual dexterity of a surgeon, such as, but not limited to, (i) curettage or evacuation of the uterine cavity for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; (ii) removal of an endometrial polyp, submucous myoma or other tissue; (iii) introduction or extraction of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and other foreign bodies; (iv) systematic sampling of the endometrium and/or the endocervix for diagnostic purposes; (v) embryo transfer into the endometrial cavity; (vi) embryo transfer into the fallopian tube; (vii) fallopian tube canullation; (viii) ultrasound guided fetal reduction; (ix) simultaneous insertion of an image transmitting device such as endoscopy equipment into the uterine cavity for complementary diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; (x) chorionic villi sampling; (xi) fetoscopy; (xii) amniocenthesis; and (xiii) fetal tissue sampling. Transabdominal ultrasound is regularly not used for real-time monitoring and guidance of such surgical procedures due to its relatively limited resolution, the need to keep the patient's urinary bladder full during operation, and the need of extra-operating stuff. As a consequence, such surgical procedures are in many cases carried out blindly, relying solely on the "feel" transmitted through manual manipulation of the instrument and the surgeon's experience. However, when the position or size of the uterus is incorrectly diagnosed by the surgeon, uterine perforation may occur with remarkable ease. The chances of perforation are higher in the presence of cervical stenosis or uterine malignancy (endometrial or sarcoma). The main dangers of such uterine perforation include bleeding and trauma to the abdominal viscera as well as damage to internal organs such as bowel, omentum, mesentery, ureter and fallopian tube. Thus, exploration of the abdominal cavity by laparoscopy or laparotomy is often needed due to accidental uterine perforation. Other poor outcomes of blind operation include, for example, failure to completely remove uterine tissues such as placental or fetal tissues, which necessitates a second curettage under general anesthesia, or misplacement of foreign bodies or embryos therein. There is thus a widely recognized need for, and it would be highly advantageous to have, an apparatus and method for real-time endovaginal sonography guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal surgical and non- surgical procedures. Specifically, it would be advantageous to have such apparatus and method for real time monitoring and guidance of procedures such as, but not limited to, (i) curettage or evacuation of the uterine cavity for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; (ii) removal of an endometrial polyp, submucous myoma or other tissue; (iii) introduction or extraction of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and other foreign bodies; (iv) systematic sampling of the endometrium and/or the endocervix for diagnostic purposes; (v) embryo transfer into the endometrial cavity; (vi) embryo transfer into the fallopian tube; (vii) fallopian tube canullation; (viii) ultrasound guided fetal reduction; (ix) simultaneous insertion of an image transmitting device such as endoscopy equipment into the uterine cavity for complementary diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; (x) chorionic villi sampling; (xi) fetoscopy; (xii) amniocentesis; and (xiii) fetal tissue sampling. It would be further advantageous to have such apparatus and method which enable the surgeon to perform such intra-uterine and cervical procedures safely, conveniently and efficiently. In particular, it would be advantageous to have such apparatus and method which enable to substantially shorten the duration of surgical procedures currently carried out under general anesthesia and to reduce the rate of complications associated with such procedures. It would be further advantageous to have apparatus and method which enable the surgeon to simultaneously monitor and guide surgical and non- surgical intra-uterine procedures by means of endovaginal sonography and/or intra-uterine endoscopy. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, comprising an assembly, including (a) an endovaginal ultrasound transducer being adapted for insertion into a portion of a patient's vagina; (b) a cervical holder for holding the patient's cervix; and (c) a connector for interconnecting the ultrasound transducer and the cervical holder. According to another embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a method of guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, comprising (a) holding a patient's cervix by a cervical holder; (b) inserting an endovaginal ultrasound transducer into a portion of the patient's vagina, the ultrasound transducer and the cervical holder being interconnected by a connector; (c) performing the procedure, while holding the patient's cervix by the cervical holder; and (d) real-time monitoring the procedure by the ultrasound transducer. According to further features in preferred embodiments of the invention described below, the procedure includes inserting an image transmitting device into the patient's uterine cavity and monitoring the procedure by the image transmitting deice. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the image transmitting device is an endoscope. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the image transmitting device includes a CCD. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the image transmitting device is an optic fiber. According to yet another embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a system for guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, the system comprising (a) an assembly being operable by a weak hand of a surgeon, the assembly including (i) an endovaginal ultrasound transducer being adapted for insertion into a portion of a patient's vagina, the endovaginal ultrasound transducer being for generating an ultrasound beam; (ii) a cervical holder for holding a patient's cervix; and (iii) a connector for interconnecting the ultrasound transducer and the cervical holder; (b) a medical instrument for performing the procedure, the medical instrument being operable by a strong hand of the surgeon; and (c) a device for monitoring an alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. According to still another embodiment of the present invention there is further provided a method of guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, comprising (a) holding a patient's cervix by a cervical holder; (b) inserting an endovaginal ultrasound transducer into a portion of the patient's vagina, the endovaginal ultrasound transducer being for generating an ultrasound beam, the ultrasound transducer and the cervical holder being interconnected by a connector to form an assembly, the assembly further including a device for monitoring an alignment of a medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam; (c) performing the procedure by (i) pointing the endovaginal ultrasound transducer such that a treated area is identifiable; and (ii) inserting a medical instrument through the cervix, while holding the patient's cervix by the cervical holder and via the device aligning the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam; and (d) real-time monitoring the procedure and the medical instrument by the ultrasound transducer. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the cervical holder includes two arms having a securing member, and two holders, the holders being for holding the patient's cervix. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the connector includes an aperture for accommodating the ultrasound transducer therein. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the connector includes an adjustment member for adjusting the orientation of the ultrasound transducer relative to the connector. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the connector includes a protrusion for locking the connector between the arms of the cervical holder upon securing of the cervical holder by means of the securing member. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the connector and the cervical holder are integrally made. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the connector and the ultrasound transducer are integrally made. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the device includes an extension coaxially connected at a distal end of the endovaginal ultrasound transducer thereby facilitating visual alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the device includes at least one light beam generator connected to the assembly for generating at least one light beam substantially in a plane defined by the ultrasound beam, when impinges on the medical instrument the at least one light beam serves for facilitating visual alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the device includes an imaging implement connected to the assembly for generating an image of objects in a plane defined by the ultrasound beam, thereby facilitating alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the image is displayed on a screen. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the imaging implement is a camera. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the camera is sensitive to light in the visible range. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the camera is an infrared camera, i.e. , a thermal camera. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the imaging implement is an ultrasound implement. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the medical instrument is provided with marks along at least a portion thereof, the marks are identifiable by the imaging implement and are therefore usable for image recognition analysis. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the device includes at least two electromagnetic field generators for generating electromagnetic fields, one of the electromagnetic field generator is connected to the assembly, whereas the other electromagnetic field generator is connected to the medical instrument, the device further includes at least one electromagnetic field sensor of a predetermined position, such that by analyzing magnetic fields perceived by the at least one electromagnetic sensor, spatial information of the relative locations of the electromagnetic field generators and therefore of the assembly and the medical instrument is obtainable, thereby facilitating alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the medical instrument is selected from the group consisting of an image transmitting device and a surgical instrument. The present invention successfully addresses the shortcomings of the presently known configurations by providing an apparatus system and methods for real-time endovaginal sonography guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, such as, but not limited to, (i) curettage or evacuation of the uterine cavity for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; (ii) removal of an endometrial polyp, submucous myoma or other tissue; (iii) introduction or extraction of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and other foreign bodies; (iv) systematic sampling of the endometrium and/or the endocervix for diagnostic purposes; (v) embryo transfer into the endometrial cavity; (vi) embryo transfer into the fallopian tube; (vii) fallopian tube canullation; (viii) ultrasound guided fetal reduction; (ix) simultaneous insertion of an image transmitting device such as endoscopy equipment into the uterine cavity for complementary diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; (x) chorionic villi sampling; (xi) fetoscopy; (xii) amniocentesis; and (xiii) fetal tissue sampling. The present invention discloses novel apparatus, system and method for real-time endovaginal sonography guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures. When using an apparatus or system according to the present invention, the cervical holder and the endovaginal ultrasound transducer are preferably held by the weak of the surgeon so that the other strong hand of d e surgeon is free to conduct the surgical procedure. Since in most cases the diameter of the endovaginal ultrasound transducer is substantially small, the surgeon may conveniently introduce a medical instrument such as a curette through the cervix into the uterine cavity of the patient. Thus, the surgical procedure is continuously guided and monitored by means of the endovaginal ultrasound transducer. The medical instrument (or tool) is aligned with respect to the ultrasonic beam of the transducer, such that the surgeon can, view the treated region before, during and after the procedure, and conveniently and safely direct the medical instrument of choice to that region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a detailed description of a preferred embodiment of a connector according to the present invention; FIG. 3 illustrates the use of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 for guiding and monitoring intra-uterine curettage; FIGs. 4-7 are schematic illustrations of alternative embodiments of a system according to the present invention including the apparatus shown in Figure 1 , a medical instrument and a device for monitoring the alignment of the medical instrument with respect to the ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam; and FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a screen displaying images according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is of apparatus, system and method for real-time endovaginal sonography guidance of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal surgical and non-surgical procedures. Specifically, die present invention can be used to guide and monitor intra uterine, cervical and tubal procedures such as, but not limited to, (i) curettage or evacuation of the uterine cavity for diagnostic and/or tiierapeutic purposes; (ii) removal of an endometrial polyp, submucous myoma or other tissue; (iii) introduction or extraction of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and other foreign bodies; (iv) systematic sampling of the endometrium and/or the endocervix for diagnostic purposes; (v) embryo transfer into the endometrial cavity; (vi) embryo transfer into the fallopian tube; (vii) fallopian tube canullation; (viii) ultrasound guided fetal reduction; and (ix) simultaneous insertion of an image transmitting device such as endoscopy equipment into the uterine cavity for complementary diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. The principles and operation of apparatus and method according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description. Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. Referring now to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an apparatus according to me present invention, which is referred to herein below as apparatus 9. As shown, apparatus 9 includes an endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10, a cervical holder 14 and a connector 12 for connecting endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10 to cervical holder 14. Preferably, endovaginal transducer 10 feamres substantially small diameter so as to allow simultaneous insertion of transducer 10 and cervical holder 14 into the patient's vagina. Cervical holder 14 is preferably a conventional cervical holder, including two arms 14a each including a securing member 14c; and two holders 14b for holding a cervix of a patient, as for example shown in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 2, connector 12 preferably includes a first segment 12a and a second segment 12b. Preferably, first segment 12a features a flat configuration and includes a circular aperture 16 for accommodating transducer 10 therein. Preferably, an adjustment annular member 16a is embedded within aperture 16 for adjusting the orientation of transducer 10 relative to first segment 12a. Preferably, second segment 12b features an elongated configuration and includes a protrusion 18 for locking connector 12 between arms 14a, as holders 14b grip the cervix of the patient upon securing of cervical holder 14 by means of securing member 14c. The dimensions of connector 12 may be specifically adapted for various probes. Connector 12 may be made of any appropriate material. Preferably, connector 12 is disposable. According to an alternative configuration, connector 12 and cervical holder 14 are integrally made. Alternatively, connector 12 and endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10 are integrally made. Figure 3 illustrates die use of apparatus 9 according to die present invention for monitoring and guiding curettage of a patient's uterus 40. When using apparatus 9, which is also shown in Figure 1, endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10 is assembled with connector 12 by inserting transducer 10 into aperture 16 of connector 12. Cervical holder 14 is then used to grip the cervix 28 of a patient by means of holders 14b, such that protrusion 18 of connector 12 is locked between arms 14a when securing the cervical holder. Preferably, endovaginal transducer 10 is then slidably inserted into the fornix of the patient, and its desired orientation is set so as to allow optimal guidance and monitoring of the intra-uterine procedure. During a uterine procedure, cervical holder 14 and endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10 are preferably held by one hand of the surgeon so that the other hand is free to conduct the surgical procedure. Since the diameter of endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10 is substantially small, the operator may conveniently introduce a medical instrument such as curette 32 drough the cervix 28 into the uterine cavity 30 of the patient. The surgical procedure is then carried out and is continuously guided and monitored by means of endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10. The orientation of transducer 10 relative to connector 12 may be continuously changed as the surgical procedure proceeds. It will be appreciated by one ordinarily skilled in the art that guiding a curettage is used herein as a non limiting example for guiding any other medical instrument (tool) for diagnostic and/or surgical purposes into the cervix, uterine or fallopian tubes of the patient. Such instruments include, but are not limited to, uterine sound - plastic disposable or stainless steel, uterine dilators - hegar double or single end, uterine curettes, uterine dressing, hysterectomy forceps, ovum forceps, intra-uterine device remover, biopsy punches, endocervical speculum, aspirate curette, vacuum curette, aspirate tube, coagulator, embryo transfer set, insemination device, embryo gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) catheter, embryo intra uterine insemination (IUI) catheter, Karman catheter for uterine aspiration, minimally invasive surgery equipment, such as, grasping forceps, scissors, light dissecting/grasping forceps, diathermy balloon intra cavitary, IUCD, hysterosalpingography catheter, uterine catheter, tubal catheter, brush cytology, cervical adapter for hydrotubation, uterine controlling instruments, vacuum intrauterine sound, uterine elevator, Spackmann cannula, Scott uterine manipulator, Hulka controlling tenaculum or forceps, rocket vacuum aspirator curette, uterine depth probe, sampling devices, NOVAK, KEVORKIAN, EXPORA and Pipelle. A common feature to the above listed medical instruments is mat they are typically operated by the strong hand (e.g. , die right hand of a right handed surgeon) of the surgeon, while apparatus 9 is held and operated by die weak hand (e.g. , the left hand of a right handed surgeon) thereof. According to anomer embodiment (not shown), connector 12 is used to connect endovaginal ultrasound transducer 10 to an image transmitting device for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes such that ultrasound transducer 10 is preferably inserted into the patient's fornix and die image transmitting device is preferably inserted through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity. The image transmitting device may be, for example, an optic fiber, or endoscopy equipment. The image transmitting device may include an image transmitting element such as a CCD or a video camera. Thus, for example, transducer 10 may be connected by means of connector 12 to an endoscopy equipment so as to allow simultaneous monitoring of the surgical procedure by means of two complementary methods, thereby enabling to accurately determine the position of a medical instrument with relation to the uterine wall. Apparatus 9 described hereinabove not only allows for ultrasonic view of die treated area in the cervix, uterine or fallopian tube, it further allows for ultrasonic view of the operating medical instrument. This is the case, provided that the medical instrument is brought "inside" or "into" the beam generated by me ultrasound transducer, which beam is shaped as a triangle located within the ultrasound plane of view. Since apparatus 9 is inserted into a portion of the vagina of the patient prior to the insertion of a medical instrument through the cervix, and further since me medical instrument and apparatus 9 are each held by a different hand of die surgeon, a non-practiced surgeon may find it difficult to bring me medical instrument "inside" or "into" me sonography beam. As further detailed hereinunder, die following embodiments of me present invention specifically address this problem. Wim reference now to Figures 4-7, presented is a system for guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, which is referred to hereinbelow as system 50. System 50 includes an assembly 52 typically operable by a weak hand of a surgeon. Assembly 52 includes an endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 adapted for insertion into a portion of a patient's vagina. Endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 serves for generating an ultrasound beam. Assembly 50 further includes a cervical holder 56 for holding a patient's cervix. A connector 58 is used for interconnecting ultrasound transducer 54 and cervical holder 56. Assembly 52, as so far described, is, in fact, structurally and functionally identical to apparatus 9 (Figure 1) described hereinabove and serves identical proposes. Thus, all the feamres described hereinabove with respect to apparatus 9 apply also to assembly 52. System 50 mrmer includes a medical instrument 60. Instrument 60 serves to perform the intra-uterine, cervical or tubal procedure and is typically operable by a strong hand of die surgeon. Medical instrument 60 may be a diagnostic instrument, such as, but not limited to, hysterosalpingography catheter, uterine catheter, tubal catheter, brush cytology, cervical adapter for hydrotubation, uterine controlling instruments, vacuum intrauterine sound, uterine elevator, Spackmann cannula, Scott uterine manipulator, Hulka controlling tenaculum or forceps, rocket vacuum aspirator curette, uterine depth probe, sampling devices, NOVAK, KEVORKIAN, EXPORA and Pipelle, or a surgical instrument, such as, but not limited to, uterine sound - plastic disposable or stainless steel, uterine dilators - hegar double or single end, uterine curettes, uterine dressing, hysterectomy forceps, ovum forceps, intra-uterine device remover, biopsy punches, endocervical speculum, aspirate curette, vacuum curette, aspirate tube, coagulator, embryo transfer set, insemination device, embryo gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) catheter, embryo intra uterine insemination (IUI) catheter, Karman catheter for uterine aspiration, minimally invasive surgery equipment, such as, grasping forceps, scissors, light dissecting/grasping forceps, diad ermy balloon intra cavitary and IUCD. A common feature to the above listed medical instruments is that they are all typically operated by die strong hand (e.g. , die right hand of a right handed surgeon) of die surgeon, while assembly 52 is held and operated by die weak hand (e.g. , the left hand of a right handed surgeon) thereof. System 50 further includes a device 62 which serves for monitoring me alignment of medical instrument 60 with respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 and therefore also with respect to d e ultrasound beam generated thereby. Several exemplary embodiments of device 62 are described hereinbelow. Each of which readily enables the surgeon to align die medical instrument employed widi die ultrasound transducer and therefore also with die beam generated diereby. By inserting the medical instrument coaxially with its alignment, me surgeon ensures that the medical instrument is moved on the plane in which the ultrasound beam resides and dierefore, eventually the instrument will be visualized in the ultrasound image obtained. This procedure assists the surgeon in bringing the medical instrument "inside" or "into" the ultrasound beam. Device 62 is typically connected to die distal end of transducer 54 via a suitable connector, generally marked as 64. However, direct connection, and other locations are also envisaged. Connector 64, is preferably equipped with wings 65, being aligned wimin the plane of the ultrasound beam. To mis end, distal end 68 of transducer 54, is asymmetrically formed, such mat when connector 64 is applied thereon, wings 65 acquire their respective positions. As specifically shown in Figure 4, according to one embodiment, device 62 includes an extension 66 coaxially connected at a distal end 68 of endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54, diereby facilitating visual alignment of medical instrument 60 with respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 and dierefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam generated diereby. According to this embodiment, while inserting medical instrument 60 through the cervix of d e patient, die surgeon ensures mat instrument 60 parallels extension 66, to thereby direct instrument 60 "inside" or "into" the ultrasound beam. As specifically shown in Figure 5, according to yet another embodiment of die present invention, device 62 includes at least one light beam generator 68 (say, e.g. , two, four are shown) connected to assembly 52, preferably to transducer 54 thereof, preferably via connector 64. Light beam generators 68 serve for generating at least one focused light beam 70. Light beams 70 reside substantially in the plane defined by die ultrasound beam of transducer 54. When impinge on medical instrument 60, light beams 70 serve for facilitating visual alignment of medical instrument with respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. Each of light beam generators 68 may be, for example, a laser source, generating, for example, a green laser beam, which is known not to be absorbed by living tissues. However, non-coherent light sources are also applicable. According to this embodiment of the invention, while inserting medical instrument 60 through the cervix of die patient, die surgeon ensures that light beams 70 impinge on instrument 60, to thereby direct instrument 60 "inside" or "into" the ultrasound beam of transducer 54. Light beam generators 68 preferably receive energy from a power source, e.g., a battery, implemented in a battery housing located within connector 64. Each of generators 68 may be, for example, a pointer type laser diode, having, for example, a maximum output below 5 mW, wavelength of 650 nm, with beam dimensions of about 3.0 run x 2.5 nm. A suitable diode is the "ES smallest laser pointer" Cat. No. D53,050 which is available from Edmund Scientific, Industrial Optics Division, Barrington, NJ 08007-1380 U.S.A. Generators 68 may alternatively be selected to generate a stripe of light. Edmund Scientific Cat. No. D52,562 "Gamma-x laser light show". Each of generators 68 preferably further includes a beam splitter, e.g., a TECH SPEC pellicle beam splitter. The pellicles are very thin nitrocellulose membranes bonded to lapped aluminum frames. Ghost images are eliminated by the thinness of me membrane as the second surface reflection superimposed on the first surface reflection. The uncoated pellicle reflects 8 % and transmits 92 % through die visible and near infrared regions. The pellicles' thickness is in d e range of 2 μm, d eir index of reflection is (Nd): 1.5. Suitable pellicles are available from Edmund Scientific, Industrial Optics Division, Barrington, NJ 08007-1380 U.S.A. , Cat. No. D39,478). As specifically shown in Figure 6, according to still another embodiment of the present invention, device 62 includes an imaging implement 72 connected to assembly 52, preferably to transducer 54 thereof, preferably via connector 64. Imaging implement 72 serves for generating an image of objects in the plane defined by me ultrasound beam. Implement 72 diereby serves for facilitating alignment of medical instrument 60 with respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 and therefore also widi respect to the ultrasound beam generated diereby. According to this embodiment, while inserting medical instrument 60 through the cervix of the patient, the surgeon ensures mat imaging implement 72 "sees" or "captures" instrument 60, to diereby direct instrument 60 "inside" or "into" die ultrasound beam. The image generated by implement 72 is preferably displayed on a screen. A single screen may serve for presenting, in real time, the ultrasound image perceived tirrough transducer 54 and d e image perceived mrough imaging implement 72. An example is shown in Figure 8, showing a screen 74 displaying an ultrasound image 76 and an image 78, perceived through implement 72. Implement 72 is positioned such ti at when image 78 shows instrument 60 in, for example, a vertical alignment with respect to screen 74, as indicated in Figure 8 by 60a, men the surgeon knows that medical instrument 60 is aligned widi respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 and ierefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam generated thereby. To mis end, screen 74 may furmer provide a displayed greed or coordinates, such tiiat assessing the verticality of the image 60a of instrument 60 is facilitated. Implement 72 preferably receive energy from a power source, e.g. , a battery, implemented in a battery housing located witfiin connector 64. According to a preferred embodiment of he present invention imaging implement 72 is a camera 82, e.g., a charge coupled device (CCD) camera equipped widi a lens or optic fibers arrangement, which is adapted to perceive light in die visible range. According to an alternative embodiment of die present invention implement 72 is a camera sensitive to light in ie infrared range, i.e., an infrared (thermal) camera 84, which may similarly include a lens or an optic fibers arrangement. According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention imaging implement 72 is an ultrasound implement 86. According to yet another preferred embodiment of die present invention imaging implement 72 is an X ray implement 86. In the latter case, an X rays sensitive plate is provided to perceive die image of instrument 60 thereby. Such plates are well known in the art. According to each of the imaging embodiments described herein an image of instrument 60 is generated, which image enables the surgeon to direct instrument 60 "inside" or "into" the beam generated by ultrasound transducer 54. As further shown in Figure 6, according to a preferred embodiment of die present invention medical instrument 60 is provided with marks 88 along at least a portion tiiereof. Marks 88 are selected identifiable by imaging implement 72 of choice and are dierefore usable for image recognition analysis, which may be used to estimate the depth to which instrument 60 has been inserted at any given time. Image recognition is well known art and dierefore will not be furdier elaborated herein. The nature of marks 88 must depend on die nature of imaging implement 72 of choice. Thus, if a CCD camera is selected, marks 88 may acquire a color distinguishable from the background color of instrument 60. If an infrared (thermal) camera is selected, marks 88 may be applied, for example, as substances of increased or decreased heat conductivity as compared with the substance from which instrument 60 is made. If ultrasound or X ray implements are selected, marks 88 may be applied, for example, as holes, recessions, protrusions, etc., to render diem distinguishable from the background of mstrument 60. In each of these cases, marks 88 may be further selected distinguishable from one another in a fashion, e.g. , similar to a bar- code, such d at image recognition analysis may be applied. A suitable CCD is a CCD sensitive to light at 0.2 lux, having a S/N ratio greater than 46 Db. The CCD is preferably monochromatic and is capable of sensing an area of 6.4 X 4.8 mm. The CCD preferably feamres miniature size e.g., 30 x 30 x 60 mm, and low weight, e.g., 120 grams. A CCD obeying all of the above criteria is distributed by Edmund Scientific, Cat No. D39,244. As specifically shown in Figure 7, according to still anodier embodiment of d e present invention device 62 includes at least two electromagnetic field generators 90 which serve for generating electromagnetic fields. One of electromagnetic field generators 90 is connected to assembly 52, preferably to transducer 54 thereof, preferably via connector 64. The otiier electromagnetic field generator 90 is connected to medical instrument 60. According to mis embodiment of the present invention, device 62 furdier includes at least one electromagnetic field sensor, generally indicated by 92. Sensor 92 is positioned in a predetermined position in space, such that by analyzing the magnetic fields perceived by electromagnetic sensor 92, spatial information of the relative locations of electromagnetic field generators 90 and dierefore of transducer 54 and medical instrument 60 is obtainable, thereby facilitating alignment of medical instrument 60 with respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer 54 and therefore also with respect to die ultrasound beam generated diereby. Furdier description concerning the operation of electromagnetic field generators and electromagnetic field sensors and die use of the latter to retrieve spatial information of the formers is disclosed in, for example, PCT/IL96/00050 (WO 97/03609) and further in U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,305, both are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Generators 90 are preferably powered by a mumal power source implemented in a dedicated housing in connector 64 or by independent power sources. Suitable power wiring is envisaged. Further according to the present invention there is provided a method of guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures. The method is effected by executing die following method steps, in which is a first step a cervical holder is employed for holding a patient's cervix. In a second step an endovaginal ultrasound transducer is inserted into a portion of die patient's vagina. The endovaginal ultrasound transducer serves for generating an ultrasound beam. The ultrasound transducer and die cervical holder are inter-connected there between by a connector to form an assembly which furmer includes a device for monitoring an alignment of a medical instrument with respect to the endovaginal ultrasound transducer and dierefore also widi respect to die ultrasound beam generated diereby. In a third step of die method die procedure is performed by (i) pointing die endovaginal ultrasound transducer such diat a treated area is identifiable; and (ii) inserting d e medical instrument mrough die cervix, while holding the patient's cervix by the cervical holder and via the device, aligning die medical instrument with respect to endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to the ultrasound beam. In a fourth step the procedure and medical instrument are both monitored in real-time by the ultrasound transducer. Although the invention has been described in conjunction widi specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of d e appended claims.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. An apparatus for guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, comprising an assembly, including: (a) an endovaginal ultrasound transducer being adapted for insertion into a portion of a patient's vagina; (b) a cervical holder for holding die patient's cervix; and (c) a connector for interconnecting said ultrasound transducer and said cervical holder. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said cervical holder includes two arms having a securing member and two holders, said holders being for holding the patient's cervix. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said connector includes an aperture for accommodating said ultrasound transducer therein. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said connector includes an adjustment member for adjusting the orientation of said ultrasound transducer relative to said connector. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said connector includes a protrusion for locking said connector between said arms of said cervical holder upon securing of said cervical holder by means of said securing member. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said connector and said cervical holder are integrally made. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said connector and said ultrasound transducer are integrally made. 8. A method of guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, comprising: (a) holding a patient's cervix by a cervical holder; (b) inserting an endovaginal ultrasound transducer into a portion of the patient's vagina, said ultrasound transducer and said cervical holder being inter-connected by a connector; (c) performing the procedure, while holding me patient's cervix by said cervical holder; and (d) real-time monitoring me procedure by said ultrasound transducer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said procedure includes inserting an image transmitting device into the patient's uterine cavity and monitoring me procedure by said image transmitting device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said image transmitting device is an endoscope. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said image transmitting device includes a CCD. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein said image transmitting device is an optic fiber. 13. A system for guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, die system comprising: (a) an assembly being operable by a weak hand of a surgeon, said assembly including: (i) an endovaginal ultrasound transducer being adapted for insertion into a portion of a patient's vagina, said endovaginal ultrasound transducer being for generating an ultrasound beam; (ii) a cervical holder for holding a patient's cervix; and (iii) a connector for interconnecting said ultrasound transducer and said cervical holder; (b) a medical instrument for performing the procedure, said medical instrument being operable by a strong hand of the surgeon; and (c) a device for monitoring an alignment of said medical instrument wid respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also widi respect to said ultrasound beam. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said cervical holder includes two arms having a securing member, and two holders, said holders being for holding the patient's cervix. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein said connector includes an aperture for accommodating said ultrasound transducer therein. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein said connector includes an adjustment member for adjusting the orientation of said ultrasound transducer relative to said connector. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein said connector includes a protrusion for locking said connector between said arms of said cervical holder upon securing of said cervical holder by means of said securing member. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein said connector and said cervical holder are integrally made. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein said connector and said ultrasound transducer are integrally made. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein said device includes an extension coaxially connected at a distal end of said endovaginal ultrasound transducer diereby facilitating visual alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam. 21. The system of claim 13, wherein said device includes at least one light beam generator connected to said assembly for generating at least one light beam substantially in a plane defined by said ultrasound beam, when impinges on said medical instrument said at least one light beam serves for facilitating visual alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam. 22. The system of claim 13, wherein said device includes an imaging implement connected to said assembly for generating an image of objects in a plane defined by said ultrasound beam, thereby facilitating alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein said image is displayed on a screen. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein said imaging implement is a camera. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein said camera is sensitive to light in the visible range. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein said camera is an infrared camera. 27. The system of claim 22, wherein said imaging implement is an ultrasound implement. 28. The system of claim 22, wherein said medical instrument is provided with marks along at least a portion thereof, said marks are identifiable by said imaging implement and are dierefore usable for image recognition analysis. 29. The system of claim 13, wherein said device includes at least two electromagnetic field generators for generating electromagnetic fields, one of said electromagnetic field generator is connected to said assembly, whereas the other electromagnetic field generator is connected to said medical instrument, d e device furdier includes at least one electromagnetic field sensor of a predetermined position, such d at by analyzing magnetic fields perceived by said at least one electromagnetic sensor, spatial information of me relative locations of said electromagnetic field generators and dierefore of said assembly and said medical instrument is obtainable, diereby facilitating alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and dierefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam. 30. The system of claim 13, wherein said medical instrument is selected from the group consisting of an image transmitting device and a surgical instrument. 31. A method of guidance and monitoring of intra-uterine, cervical and tubal procedures, comprising: (a) holding a patient's cervix by a cervical holder; (b) inserting an endovaginal ultrasound transducer into a portion of die patient's vagina, said endovaginal ultrasound transducer being for generating an ultrasound beam, said ultrasound transducer and said cervical holder being inter-connected by a connector to form an assembly, said assembly further including a device for monitoring an alignment of a medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and dierefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam; (c) performing the procedure by: (i) pointing said endovagmal ultrasound transducer such diat a treated area is identifiable; and (ii) inserting a medical instrument through the cervix, while holding die patient's cervix by said cervical holder and via said device aligning said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam; and (d) real-time monitoring the procedure and said medical instrument by said ultrasound transducer. 32. The method of claim 31 , wherein said cervical holder includes two arms having a securing member, and two holders, said holders being for holding me patient's cervix; 33. The method of claim 31 , wherein said connector includes an aperture for accommodating said ultrasound transducer therein. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein said connector includes an adjustment member for adjusting die orientation of said ultrasound transducer relative to said connector. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein said connector includes a protrusion for locking said connector between said arms of said cervical holder upon securing of said cervical holder by means of said securing member. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein said connector and said cervical holder are integrally made. 37. The method of claim 31, wherein said connector and said ultrasound transducer are integrally made. 38. The method of claim 31, wherein said device includes an extension coaxially connected at a distal end of said endovaginal ultrasound transducer thereby facilitating visual alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and dierefore also widi respect to said ultrasound beam. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein said device includes at least one light beam generator connected to said assembly for generating at least one light beam substantially in a plane defined by said ultrasound beam, when impinges on said medical instrument said at least one light beam serves for facilitating visual alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also widi respect to said ultrasound beam. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein said device includes an imaging implement connected to said assembly for generating an image of objects in a plane defined by said ultrasound beam, thereby facilitating alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said image is displayed on a screen. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein said imaging implement is a camera. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein said camera is sensitive to light in me visible range. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein said camera is an infrared camera. 45. The method of claim 40, wherein said imaging implement is an ultrasound implement. 46. The method of claim 40, wherein said medical instrument is provided widi marks along at least a portion thereof, said marks are identifiable by said imaging implement and are therefore usable for image recognition analysis. 47. The method of claim 31, wherein said device includes at least two electromagnetic field generators for generating electromagnetic fields, one of said electromagnetic field generator is connected to said assembly, whereas the odier electromagnetic field generator is connected to said medical instrument, die device further includes at least one electromagnetic field sensor of a predetermined position, such that by analyzing magnetic fields perceived by said at least one electromagnetic sensor, spatial information of me relative locations of said electromagnetic field generators and therefore of said assembly and said medical instrument is obtainable, thereby facilitating alignment of said medical instrument with respect to said endovaginal ultrasound transducer and therefore also with respect to said ultrasound beam. 48. The method of claim 31 , wherein said medical instrument is selected from the group consisting of an image transmitting device and a surgical instrument.

Inventors: HADANI RON, TEPPER RON, HADANI, RON, TEPPER, RON
Applicants: FRIEDMAN MARK M, HADANI RON, TEPPER RON, FRIEDMAN, MARK, M., HADANI, RON, TEPPER, RON
Application year: 1998
Main classification: A61B8
IPC codes: A61B8, A61B17, A61B19