ROLLER SKATE

Abstract: A two-wheeled roller skate with canted wheels has an axle for the forward wheel located well forward of the ball of the foot. The axle for the rear wheel is located at the rear of the skater's heel. The wheels are canted so that the front and rear wheels contact the ground on the opposite sides of the center line of the skater's foot. In plan projection, the axles are preferably non-parallel in order to provide steering correction. The amount of steering correction desirable will depend on the skater's skill and the nature of the skating activity. In alternative embodiments, the present invention incorporates novel braking mechanisms.

Description: ROLLER SKATE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the field of roller skates and, particularly, to an improved skate with canted, large diameter wheels. 2. PRIOR AR T Various designs of roller skates have been developed over the years. At the present time, "in-line" skates are particularly popular. This type of skate has a plurality of small-diameter wheels aligned in a longitudinal direction beneath the sole of the skater's foot. A number of advantages are claimed for this design of a skate. However, the small diameter of the wheels inherently limits the speed that can be achieved and limits the use of the skates to relatively smooth surfaces. Among alternative skate designs, skates with large-diameter wheels have been proposed for over a century. For example, U.S. Patent No. 89,833 discloses a skate with a single wheel of large diameter for use in skating on fields and other uneven surfaces. This skate, and many similar prior art designs, places the wheel to the outside of the skater's foot. While this allows a lower center of gravity than if the wheel were to be located entirely below the skater's foot, undue strain is placed on the skater's ankles because of the lateral offset between the center line of the skater's foot and the point of contact between the wheel and the ground. One solution to this problem is to mount the wheel at an angle with respect to vertical so that the point of contact with the ground will be directly below the skater's foot. Such a design for a single- wheeled skate is shown, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,931,012. Single-wheeled skates are, of course, inherently unstable. A design for a skate with two large diameter wheels is shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,885,804 to Cudmore. In this design, two large, canted, equal-sized wheels are mounted on axles extending outwardly from a rigid sole-plate. As disclosed by Cudmore, the canted wheels contact the ground directly beneath the center line of the sole-plate. The wheels are dished with their concave sides facing toward the sole-plate so that a portion of the sole-plate extends into the wheel concavities to permit the sole-plate to be positioned very close to the ground. Cudmore' s design provides a reasonably stable skate in comparison to many of the prior art designs; however, development of the present invention has yielded improved stability and responsiveness over the design of Cudmore. Furthermore, the dished wheels used by Cudmore to achieve a low center of gravity inherently limit the ability to turn sharply since the outside surfaces of the wheels will contact the ground when the skate leans in a sharp turn. The present invention overcomes this disadvantage by positioning the wheels so that dishing is not necessary to achieve an acceptably low center of gravity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a two- wheeled roller skate with canted wheels. In a preferred embodiment, the axle for the forward wheel is located well forward of the ball of the foot, approximately in line with the skater's toes. The axle for the rear wheel is located at the rear of the skater's heel. The wheels are canted so that the front wheel contacts the ground slightly outside of the center line of the skater's foot and the rear wheel contacts the ground slightly inside of the center line. This contact geometry permits the use of a relatively small diameter front wheel and thereby allows the sole of the skate to be positioned close to the ground. In plan projection, the axles are preferably non-parallel in order to provide steering correction. The amount of steering correction desirable will depend on the skater's skill and the nature of the skating activity. In alternative embodiments, the present invention incorporates novel braking mechanisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view of the roller skate constructed in accordance with the present invention. Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the roller skate of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a partial bottom plan view of the roller skate of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a partial front elevational view of the roller skate of Figure 1. Figure 5 is a partial rear elevation view of the roller skate of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a partial side elevation view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention illustrating a braking mechanism. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 6. Figure 8 is a perspective view of an other alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 is a partial side elevational view of the roller skate of Figure 8. Figure 10 is a side elevational view of yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 is a side elevational view of still another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a side elevational view of a further alternative embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods and devices are omitted so as to not obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a skate 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention. Skate 10 comprises a boot 12 to which are attached a front wheel 14 and a rear wheel 16. The front wheel 14 carries tire 15 and rear wheel 16 carries tire 17. In a preferred embodiment, the outside diameter of front tire 15 is about five inches and that of rear tire 17 is about seven inches. The invention is not limited in this regard and other sized or equal-sized wheels/tires may be used. In some embodiments, such as illustrated in Figure 12, the front wheel/tire may have a larger diameter than the rear. Skate 10 is intended for the right foot of the skater, thus wheels 14 and 16 are mounted to the outside of boot 12. It is to be understood that a corresponding skate is also provided for the left foot of the skater, which is generally a mirror image of skate 10. As will be more apparent in the discussion that follows, wheels 14 and 16 are canted so that tires 15 and 17 contact the ground directly beneath boot 12 rather than to the outside thereof. Boot 12 is generally constructed in the same manner as boots used with conventional in-line skates. Accordingly, details of boot 12 will not be discussed herein. Wheels 14 and 16 may be machined or cast using a suitable metal or plastic material. Tires 15 and 17 may be made of a natural or synthetic rubber material and may be solid, foam-filled or pneumatic. Tires 15 and 17 may also be made of urethane plastic as has become standard practice for in-line skate wheels. Figure 2 is an inside elevation view of skate 10. A sole plate or chassis 18 is attached to the bottom of boot 12 to provide structural support for wheels 14 and 16. Alternatively, boot 12 and chassis 18 could be an integral structure. The axle supporting front wheel 14 is located well forward of the ball of the skater's foot, either ahead of or in line with the skater's toes. The axle supporting rear wheel 16 is located generally below the skater's heel. Referring now to Figure 3, chassis 18 is shown in bottom plan view. When projected in plan view, the axles of wheels 14 and 16 are generally peφendicular to the center line of the skate. It has been found, however, that superior skating performance is achieved with slight "toe-in" of the front wheel and/or "toe-out" of the rear wheel as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. This provides a desirable steering correction to counteract the tendency of the skate to steer outwardly due to the offset geometry of the wheel-to-ground contact patches as described below. It has been determined that neutral handling (i.e., the situation where the skate tracks straight ahead while coasting) is best achieved with the rear wheel parallel to the skate center line and the front wheel toed in at about 2°. For more experienced skaters, who desire power plus control and greater hill- climbing ability, a larger toe-in angle up to about 3° or 4° is preferred at the front wheel. This causes the left skate to steer slightly to the right and the right skate to steer slightly to the left and allows the skater to cover a greater distance with each push-off. The optimum configuration for all-around skating has been found to be a toe-out angle at the rear wheel of about 1-1.5° and an equal amount of toe-in angle at the front wheel. Each skater, depending upon experience and the nature of the terrain to be traversed, may prefer a slightly different adjustment of wheel angles. Indeed, the desirable range of wheel angles extends from 0° to about 5°. Therefore, it may be useful to provide a manual adjustment for toe-in of the front wheel and/or toe-out of the rear wheel within this range. Figures 4 and 5 are front and rear elevational views, respectively, of skate 10. Projected in this plane, it can be seen that the axles of the front and rear wheels are substantially parallel. It is important to observe that front tire 15 contacts the ground to the outside of the center line of the skate, whereas rear tire 17 contacts the ground to the inside of the center line of the skate. The lateral offset of the front and rear contact patches is approximately equal at about 1/2 inch from the center line. In an alternative embodiment, such as that shown in Figure 12, the front contact patch may be inside of the center line and the rear contact patch to the outside of the center line. This would be the case particularly when the front wheel has a larger diameter than the rear wheel. A line drawn through the front and rear contact patches defines the roll axis of the skate. Referring back to Figure 3, it can be seen that the roll axis is angled outwardly from the longitudinal center line of the skate. This geometry contributes to the stability of the skate at rest by distributing the skater's weight laterally with respect to the center line. Figures 6 and 7 illustrate an optional braking mechanism for use with the present invention. Skate 30 includes rear wheel 32 and rear tire 33. Wheel 32 includes an annular braking surface 34. A lever 36 is pivotally connected to chassis 38 at pivot 40. A relatively small diameter wheel 42 is mounted at the rear end of lever 36 and contacts the ground surface traversed by skate 30. Alternatively, the rear end of lever 36 may have a simple skid for contacting the ground instead of wheel 42. The forward end of lever 36 operatively engages brake lever 44, which is pivotally coupled to chassis 38 at pivot 46. Brake shoe 48 is rigidly attached to brake lever 44 with rivets or other suitable fasteners. Brake lever 44 is biased away from braking surface 34 by means of spring 50. To engage the brake while skating, the skater simply rotates the skate on which braking is desired about the axis of the rear wheel by shifting the skater's body weight. This causes lever 36 to rotate on pivot 40 and bear down on brake lever 44. This, in turn, urges brake shoe 48 into contact with braking surface 34. The amount of braking force applied is directly related to the amount by which skate 30 is rotated about the axis of rear wheel 32. It should be noted that this braking mechanism also has a beneficial stabilizing effect on skate 30 since it inherently limits the amount by which the skate can rotate about the axis of the rear wheel and thus helps prevent the skater from falling backwards. The braking system shown in Figures 6 and 7 is not ideally suited to use on uneven terrain. An alternative braking system is illustrated in Figure 8. Here, brake actuation is effected by a pair of hand grips 60 coupled to respective skates 62. Each of hand grips 60 communicates with its respective skate by means of cable 64, which may be like a conventional bicycle brake cable for mechanical actuation of the brake. Alternatively, hand grips 60 may incoφorate a hydraulic reservoir, in which case, hydraulic pressure is communicated through cable 64 to a hydraulic slave cylinder in skate 62. Figure 9 illustrates a hydraulic braking mechanism for skate 62. Hydraulic cable 64 communicates with brake caliper 66, which is rigidly mounted to chassis 68. Brake shoes (not shown) within caliper 66 exert a clamping force on brake disc 70 in a manner similar in operation to automotive disc brakes. Figure 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention. Skate 80 has a front wheel 82 similar to that of the previously discussed embodiments. However, rear wheel 84 is substantially larger in diameter, which is desirable for speed skating. In the illustrated embodiment, rear wheel 84 has a diameter of approximately 10 inches. To accommodate a wheel of this size, the axle is located behind the skater's heel, thereby obviating the need to elevate the skater's foot higher above the ground. Figure 11 illustrates a further embodiment of the present invention that is a variation of the embodiment shown in Figure 10. Skate 90 has a large diameter rear wheel 94 as in the previously discussed embodiment. In this embodiment, however, front wheel 92 is located forward of the skater's toe, which is desirable for high speed skating. Front wheel 92 may have a fixed location on skate 90 or a manual adjustment may be provided so that the skater can locate the axle of the front wheel longitudinally at a desired position within a range of adjustment. It will be recognized that the above described invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the disclosure. Thus, it is understood that the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims.

Claims: CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A roller skate comprising: a boot having a toe portion and a heel portion, both the toe and heel portions being generally bisected in plan view by a longitudinal center line of the boot defining an inside direction and an outside direction; a front wheel rotatably mounted to the toe portion of the boot and disposed to the outside thereof for rotation about a first axis inclined with respect to horizontal; a rear wheel rotatably mounted to the heel portion of the boot and disposed to the outside thereof for rotation about a second axis inclined with respect to horizontal; said front and rear wheels supporting the boot above a ground surface, said front and rear wheels contacting the ground surface along a line defining a roll axis that intersects the longitudinal center line. 2. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the rear wheel has an outside diameter larger than an outside diameter of the front wheel. 3. The roller skate of claim 2 wherein the outside diameter of the rear wheel is approximately seven inches and the outside diameter of the front wheel is approximately five inches. 4. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the first and second axes are inclined approximately equally with respect to horizontal. 5. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the first axis is at an oblique angle with respect to the center line in plan view. 6. The roller skate of claim 5 wherein the oblique angle is in the range of approximately 0.1° to 5°. 7. The roller skate of claim 6 wherein the oblique angle is adjustable. 8. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the second axis is at an oblique angle with respect to the center line in plan view. 9. The roller skate of claim 8 wherein the oblique angle is in the range of approximately 0.1° to 5°. 10. The roller skate of claim 9 wherein the oblique angle is adjustable. 1 1. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the front wheel is rotatably mounted on a front axle and said front axle is disposed entirely below a sole of the boot. 12. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the first axis is located longitudinally forward of a ball portion of the boot. 13. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the front wheel contacts the ground surface to the outside of the longitudinal center line and the rear wheel contacts the ground surface to the inside of the longitudinal center line. 14. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the front wheel contacts the ground surface to the inside of the longitudinal center line and the rear wheel contacts the ground surface to the outside of the longitudinal center line. 15. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the front wheel has an outside diameter larger than an outside diameter of the rear wheel. 16. A roller skate comprising: a boot having a toe portion and a heel portion, both the toe and heel portions being generally bisected in plan view by a longitudinal center line of the boot defining an inside direction and an outside direction; a front wheel rotatably mounted to the toe portion of the boot and disposed to the outside thereof for rotation about a first axis inclined with respect to horizontal; a rear wheel rotatably mounted to the heel portion of the boot and disposed to the outside thereof for rotation about a second axis inclined with respect to horizontal; wherein at least one of the first and second axes is at an oblique angle with respect to the center line in plan view. 17. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein the rear wheel has an outside diameter larger than an outside diameter of the front wheel. 18. The roller skate of claim 17 wherein the outside diameter of the rear wheel is approximately seven inches and the outside diameter of the front wheel is approximately five inches. 19. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein the first and second axes are inclined approximately equally with respect to horizontal. 20. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein said front and rear wheels support the boot above a ground surface, said front wheel contacting the ground surface to the outside of the longitudinal center line and said rear wheel contacting the ground surface to the inside of the longitudinal center line. 21. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein the front wheel is rotatably mounted on a front axle and said front axle is disposed entirely below a sole of the boot. 22. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein the first axis is at an oblique angle with respect to the center line in the range of approximately 0.1° to 5°. 23. The roller skate of claim 22 wherein the oblique angle is adjustable. 24. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein the second axis is at an oblique angle with respect to the center line in the range of approximately 0.1 ° to 5°. 25. The roller skate of claim 24 wherein the oblique angle is adjustable. 26. The roller skate of claim 16 wherein the first axis is located longitudinally forward of a ball portion of the boot. 27. A roller skate comprising: a chassis; a plurality of wheels rotatably mounted to the chassis, at least one of said plurality of wheels having a braking surface; a brake shoe movably coupled to the chassis for intermittent operative engagement with the braking surface; a lever having a proximal end operatively coupled to the brake shoe and a distal end extending from the chassis, said lever pivotally mounted on the chassis such that an upward force on the distal end causes the brake shoe to engage the braking surface. 28. The roller skate of claim 27 wherein the plurality of wheels comprises a front wheel and a rear wheel and said braking surface is on the rear wheel. 29. The roller skate of claim 27 wherein said braking surface is an annular surface peφendicular to an axis of rotation of said at least one wheel. 30. The roller skate of claim 27 wherein each of the plurality of wheels has a respective axis of rotation that is inclined with respect to horizontal. 31. The roller skate of claim 27 further comprising a wheel rotatably mounted on the distal end of the lever. 32. A roller skate comprising : a boot having a toe portion, a ball portion and a heel portion; a front axle mounted to the toe portion having a first axis inclined with respect to horizontal, said front axle disposed entirely forward of the ball portion; a front wheel rotatably mounted on the front axle to an outside of the boot; a rear axle mounted to the heel portion having a second axis inclined with respect to horizontal; and a rear wheel rotatably mounted on the rear axle to the outside of the boot. 33. A roller skate comprising: a boot having a sole, a toe portion, and a heel portion; a front axle mounted to the toe portion having a first axis inclined with respect to horizontal, said front axle disposed entirely below the sole of the boot; a front wheel rotatably mounted on the front axle to an outside of the boot; a rear axle mounted to the heel portion having a second axis inclined with respect to horizontal; and a rear wheel rotatably mounted on the rear axle to the outside of the boot. 34. A roller skate comprising: a boot having a sole, a toe portion, and a heel portion; a front axle mounted to the toe portion having a first axis inclined with respect to horizontal; a front wheel rotatably mounted on the front axle to an outside of the boot; a rear axle mounted to the heel portion having a second axis inclined with respect to horizontal, said rear axle disposed entirely above the sole of the boot; and a rear wheel rotatably mounted on the rear axle to the outside of the boot. 35. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the roll axis is angled outwardly in a forward direction from the longitudinal center line. 36. The roller skate of claim 1 wherein the front and rear wheels contact the ground surface on opposite sides of the longitudinal center line.

Inventors: LOVITT BERT, WINSLOW WARREN, LOVITT, BERT, WINSLOW, WARREN
Applicants: LOVITT BERT, WINSLOW WARREN, LOVITT, BERT, WINSLOW, WARREN
Application year: 1998
Main classification: A63C17
IPC codes: A63C17