ELEVATOR GUIDE SHOE

Abstract: Elevator guide shoe for guiding an elevator car along guide rails in an elevator shaft, said guide shoe comprising a supporting frame (2) attached to the elevator car (1) and guides (4) resting against a guide rail (3). According to the invention, the guide shoe comprises an intermediate frame (5), to which the guides (4) are attached. In addition, the supporting frame (2) and the intermediate frame (5) are provided with permanent magnet bars (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) arranged to maintain a horizontal distance between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame. Moreover, the guide shoe comprises vertical suspension (9) between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame to damp the propagation of sound in the structures.

Description: ELEVATOR GUIDE SHOE The present invention relates to an elevator guide shoe as defined in the preamble of claim 1. A guide shoe is used in an elevator car to guide it along guide rails in an elevator shaft. The guide shoe is provided with bearing elements based on a sliding or rolling action, which rest against the guide rails. However, a car mounted with such bearings on the guide rails produces a noise when moving, which is propagated as structure-borne noise to the inside of the car. Such noise is unpleasant for the passengers and reduces the level of comfort they experience in using the elevator. In prior art, several methods have been used to eliminate these problems. In Japanese patent specification 7196273, these problems are dealt with by using servo-controlled magnetic coils to float the car. This is a very difficult solution in respect of the control engineering system involved and therefore expensive. Japanese patent specification 55-25589 presents an elevator which uses permanent magnets fitted in the elevator shaft and permanent magnet guides fitted close to them on the elevator car. The elevator car is supported in a floating manner based on magnetic repulsion between the permanent magnet guides and guide rails. This is a difficult and expensive solution. Moreover, the long magnetic guide rail needed in the elevator shaft in this solution attracts all sorts of rubbish. The object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks described above. A specific object of the pres- ent invention is to disclose a new type of guide shoe that, being simple and reliable in construction, effectively damps the sound waves generated in the guide rail and guide shoe and prevents them from being propagated to the elevator car, thus making the elevator more agreeable to use. As for the features characteristic of the invention, reference is made to the claims. The guide shoe of the invention comprises a supporting frame attached to the elevator car and guides resting against guide rails in the elevator shaft. The guides used may consist of various known bearing elements mainly based on a sliding or rolling action. According to the invention, the guide shoe comprises an intermediate frame to which the guides are attached, the supporting frame and the intermediate frame being provided with permanent magnets appropriately disposed oppositely to each other to maintain a horizontal distance between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame, i.e. to keep them apart so that there is no direct contact between them. Thus, the supporting frame and the intermediate frame do not touch each other in the horizontal direction but are always separated by an air gap. Moreover, according to the invention, the supporting frame and the intermediate frame are connected to each other in the vertical direc- tion by a suspension system that damps sound waves propagating via the structures. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the supporting frame consists of a box open on one of its lateral sides, the intermediate frame being fitted inside the box. The intermediate frame meets the guide rail in the direction of the open side of the supporting frame. The intermediate frame may be a body of e.g. U-shaped or semicircular form, surrounding the guide rail substan- tially on three sides of the rail. The vertical suspension between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame preferably consists of an elastic suspension system that permits slight movements between the intermediate frame and the supporting frame relative to each other in both horizontal and vertical directions. Further, the suspension is preferably implemented using structures or materials with a low sound transmission capability to prevent the propagation of the noise generated between the guides and the guide rail to the eleva- tor car. The suspension may be implemented using e.g. suitable spiral springs and suspension cables connected to them, which may additionally comprise auxiliary structures in- hibiting sound propagation. The elastic suspension may also be implemented using support blocks, pillows or jackets made e.g. of cork, fitted between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame. In an embodiment of the invention, the guide shoe is provided with a detector for measuring the displacement between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame. The displacement may be relatively large e.g. when the car has a very eccentric load, and in this case the guide shoe is preferably provided with servo-connected electromagnets, which can be used to compensate undesirable displacements between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame. Magnets of square or circular cross-section are ill suited for bidirectional magnetic floating because they always have a considerable parasitic spring constant perpendicular to the main springing direction. This parasitic spring constant should be focused in the direction in which the movement is mechanically restricted. For this reason, the permanent magnets used are preferably magnets having an elongated cross-section such that, of the edges perpendicular to the magnetising direction, i.e. the main springing direction, the horizontal edge is considerably longer than the vertical edge. Thus, the permanent magnet used here is an elongated permanent mag- net bar whose magnetic poles are located on its opposite long sides. The suspension system preferably comprises a plurality of horizontal permanent magnet bars placed side by side and in parallel directions at a vertical distance from each other. Thus, both the intermediate frame and the supporting frame have an equal number of equally sized elongated horizontal permanent magnet bars, the oppositely placed permanent magnet bars in the supporting frame and inter- mediate frame forming pairs of permanent magnets repellent to each other. Preferably both the supporting frame and the intermediate frame are provided with a ferromagnetic backing to which the permanent magnets are fixed or on which they are supported. In this way, the height of the magnets, i.e. the dimension in the main springing direction can be halved while the field remains about the same. As to their polarities, the permanent magnet pairs are preferably so arranged that adjacent permanent magnet pairs are of opposite polarity. This provides a considerable advantage because the crosswise force with the next pair is also a repulsive force, thus increasing the spring constant instead of reducing it as it would in the case of homopolar neighbours. The permanent magnet pairs are preferably so disposed that they form a 180° arch around the guide rail, i.e. so that the repulsive forces of the permanent magnet pairs from two opposite directions cancel each other while in the perpendicular horizontal direction between these the repulsive forces of the permanent magnet pairs press the intermediate frame against the guide rail in the elevator shaft. The guide shoe of the invention has considerable advantages as compared with prior art. The invention provides a simple and cheap method of preventing the structure- borne noise in elevator guide rails from being transmitted to the elevator car. The elevator shaft need not be equipped with long magnetised guide rails and the structure does not necessarily require any regular adjustment. The invention makes it possible to achieve an elevator without a rigid mechanical connection between the guide rails and the elevator car, which would constitute a path for the transmission of sound waves between them. Thus, more noiseless and agreeable elevator travel is achieved. In the following, the invention will be described in detail by referring to the attached drawings, wherein Fig. 1 presents a diagrammatic perspective view of a guide shoe according to the invention, Fig. 2 presents a horizontal cross-section of a guide shoe substantially consistent with Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 presents a partially open side view of a guide shoe according to the invention. The same or corresponding parts in different figures are identified by the same reference numbers. The guide shoe comprises a box-like supporting frame 2 open on one side and attached to the elevator car 1. The upper 14 and lower 15 surfaces of the supporting frame are provided with slots forming a space for a guide rail 3. Placed inside the supporting frame 2 is an intermediate frame 5, which is of a shape substantially corresponding to the space inside the supporting frame and which is provided with a similar slot for the guide rail. Disposed around the guide rail slot in the intermediate frame are guides 4, or in this embodiment sliding bearing surfaces, which lean on the guide rail 3. The intermediate frame 5 is separated by a distance from the supporting frame 2 in both vertical and lateral directions, in other words, there is no contact in any direction between adjacent surfaces of the frames. In the vertical direction, the intermediate frame 5 is connected to the supporting frame 2 via spring suspension elements 9 from both the and upper and lower sides of the supporting frame. These suspension elements permit slight movements of the intermediate frame relative to the supporting frame in both vertical and horizontal directions. The three vertical outer surfaces of the intermediate frame 5 inside the supporting frame are provided with ferromagnetic plates 12 and also the corresponding inner surfaces of the supporting frame 2 are provided with similar ferromagnetic backing plates 13. Attached to these ferromagnetic backing plates are elongated perma- nent magnet bars 6a and 6b, 7a and 7b, 8a and 8b. The permanent magnets have an elongated cross-section so that their long planar surfaces perpendicular to the magnetising direction in the permanent magnet pairs lie opposite to each other. Moreover, a plurality of permanent magnet pairs are placed side by side in the vertical direction in such manner that the magnetising directions in adjacent permanent magnet pairs are reverse to each other, in other words, of any two adjacent permanent magnet pairs, one pair has the S-poles opposite each other and the other pair has the N-poles opposite each other. As shown in Fig. 2, in this angular U-shaped embodiment, the permanent magnets are disposed on all three sides across their entire widths. Permanent magnet pair 6a, 6b has a repulsive force equal to that of permanent magnet pair 8a, 8b, so that these repulsive forces cancel each other and keep the intermediate frame in place around the guide rail 3. Unlike these, permanent magnet pair 7a, 7b generates a repulsive force that presses the intermediate frame against the guide rail 3. This force is received by the guide rail 3 via a sliding bearing 4 and thus the guide shoe remains accurately in position, pressed against the guide rail 3. Fig. 3 is a more detailed illustration of a suspension system 9 according to the invention. In this embodiment, the suspension between the supporting frame 2 and the intermediate frame 5 consists of a cable 16 which goes through a hole 17 in the supporting frame 2 to an auxiliary block 18 placed at a distance outside the supporting frame 2. The auxiliary block 18 is supported in position by a spring 19 attached to the supporting frame 2. Moreover, the auxiliary block 18 can be made of a material having a good sound damping property. The intermediate frame 5 is suspended on the supporting frame 2 in this manner by four different points. Thus, the elastic suspension permits the intermediate frame to move slightly with respect to the supporting frame 2 in both vertical and horizontal directions while still preventing direct contacts between the intermediate frame and the support- ing frame. Therefore, sound waves generated by the motion between the intermediate frame and the guide rail 3 can not be transmitted to a significant degree as structure- borne noise to the elevator car. In addition, in the embodiment in Fig. 2, the supporting frame 2 comprises a detector 10, which is used to measure or monitor the position of the intermediate frame 5 in relation to the supporting frame 2. Moreover, the supporting frame 2 is provided with electromagnets 11, and if the intermediate frame 5 is displaced e.g. due to an imbalance of the car load so that it comes too close to the supporting frame, the situation can be corrected by means of the electromagnets 11. The electromagnets 11 can also be used to damp any swinging motion of the elevator car. In the foregoing, the invention has been described by way of example by the aid of the attached drawings, but different embodiments of the invention are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Elevator guide shoe for guiding an elevator car along guide rails in an elevator shaft, said guide shoe com- prising - a supporting frame (2) attached to the elevator car ( 1 ) , and - guides (4) resting against a guide rail (3), characterised in that guide shoe comprises - an intermediate frame (5), to which the guides (4) are attached, - permanent magnet bars (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) disposed on the supporting frame (2) and on the intermediate frame (5) to maintain a horizontal distance be- tween the supporting frame and the intermediate frame, and - vertical suspension (9) between the supporting frame and the intermediate frame to damp the propagation of sound in the structures. 2. Elevator guide shoe as defined in claim 1, characterised in that the supporting frame (2) consists of a box open on one of its lateral sides, the intermediate frame 5 being fitted inside said box. 3. Elevator guide shoe as defined in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the intermediate frame (5) is a substantially U-shaped body, surrounding the guide rail (3) from three sides. 4. Elevator guide shoe as defined in claim 1, characterised in that the suspension (9) consists of an elastic suspension system that permits slight movements of the intermediate frame (5) and the supporting frame (2) with respect to each other in both horizontal and vertical directions. 5. Elevator guide shoe as defined in claim 4, characterised in that the suspension consists of a structure with a low sound transmission capability to prevent the transmission of noise generated between the guides (4) and the guide rail (3) to the elevator car. 6. Elevator guide shoe as defined in any one of claims 1 - 5, characterised in that the guide shoe comprises a detector (10) for measuring the displacement between the supporting frame (2) and the intermediate frame (5) . 7. Elevator guide shoe as defined in claim 6, characterised in that the guide shoe comprises servo-connected electromagnets (11) to compensate the displacement be- tween the supporting frame (2) and the intermediate frame (5) . 8. Elevator guide shoe as defined in any one of claims 1 - 7, characterised in that the permanent magnets used are elongated permanent magnet bars in which the magnetic poles are located on opposite long sides of the bar. 9. Elevator guide shoe as defined in claim 8, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of permanent magnet bars placed side by side and in parallel directions at a vertical distance from each other both on the intermediate frame and on the supporting frame. 10. Elevator guide shoe as defined in any one of claims 1 - 9, characterised in that the supporting frame (2) and the intermediate frame (5) are each provided with a ferromagnetic backing (12, 13) to which the permanent magnets are attached. 11. Elevator guide shoe as defined in any one of claims 1 - 10, characterised in that the permanent magnet pairs are so arranged with respect to their polarities that adjacent permanent magnet pairs are of opposite polarity. 12. Elevator guide shoe as defined in any one of claims 1 - 11, characterised in that the permanent magnet pairs are so disposed that they form a substantially 180° arch around the guide rail (3) .

Inventors: DE JONG JOHANNES, DE JONG, JOHANNES
Applicants: JONG JOHANNES DE, KONE CORP, DE JONG, JOHANNES, KONE CORPORATION
Application year: 1998
Main classification: B66B7
IPC codes: B66B7