A stocking and feeding plant of granular or powder materials for press-formers

Abstract: A plug for closing a tubular member opening at the outside of a slaughtered animal, is characterised in that said plug is adapted to be inserted into the gullet of a slaughtered animal from which the head has been removed; said plug has the general shape of a beaker comprising a bottom and a beaker wall such that the plug can be inserted into a gullet with its bottom to the front and can co-act with the gullet wall for closure; and said plug has at least two parts with different inner diameters, the inner surfaces of which parts mutually connect via a step.

Description: The invention concerns a plant for supplying materials in granular or powder form to press-formers according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention is especially applicable to the manufacturing of ceramic tiles. Specifically, though not exclusively, it is useful in plants for porcelain stoneware tiles. The porcelain stoneware production process is characterised, with respect to normal single-firing, and apart from the question of the quality of the raw materials used, by a series of additional operations that the granular or powdery material undergoes between atomisation and pressing. These operations also have the aim of determining the final aesthetic effect, which can be obtained by mixing atomised particles of various colours and different granulometries before pressing. In the prior art the atomised powders of the various basic colours are first stocked in silos, then to be sent on to an atomiser or microniser, where, in various ways, their granulometries are altered. According to the desired decorative effects to be achieved, the re-atomised material is then mixed with one or more basic colours, while the micronised material is usually sent on to service silos located behind the press-feeding hoppers. To obtain composite colours, mixes of various basic atomised powders can be used, which are stocked in service silos located behind the press-feeding hoppers. In these plants, after the atomiser there is a first battery of silos for the basic colours, which are then used for later operations and mixing; the products of the mixing are then stocked in a second battery of silos located close to the presses. The contents of the silos are constantly monitored by probes to keep the quantities stocked under control. All transport in the working cycle is done using conveyor belts and/or weighing machine. A plant for supplying materials in granular or powder form to press-formers of manufactured articles is disclosed from the document EP-A-736 470. Such a plant comprises: a plurality of containers suitable for containing appropriate quantities of materials in granular or powder form; a vertical stacker provided with a large number of cells arranged in an ordered way to form at least one structure which is extended horizontally and vertically and in which each of said cells is predisposed to receive any one of said containers ; means being provided for moving said containers so that each single container can be removed from any one cell of said cells and transferred to any other of said cells means for drawing materials in granular or powder form from containers housed in cells located in predetermined positions in said structure and for conveying said materials to machines for loading single press-formers Plants of the above-described type are subject to many limitations. They need large covered surfaces for stocking, moving and working large quantities of granular or powdery materials and require the installation of a large number of silos, preferably steel, as well as the predisposition of long and complex conveyor belts for transporting the materials, and have the great drawback of losing large quantities of powders into the air during these long journeys, resulting in the need to install air filter systems in the involved areas. In addition to the limitations and drawbacks as described above, there is also the question of the poor flexibility of the plants themselves, meaning that each time production is changed some of the silos have to be washed out to prevent any dirtying of the new products about to be stocked. As the silos are not small, this is a laborious operation. Further, and also due to the size of the silos, there is the problem of managing production queues or any wrong mixture batch, as well as the inevitable problems associated with production of small batches. There is one more very considerable practical drawback: it is impossible to have available a wide range of ready mixes for pressing, which would lead to an unsustainable increase in the number of service silos located behind the press hoppers. The main aim of the present invention is to provide a plant for stocking and feeding granular or powdery materials to press-formers, especially ceramic tiles, which plant obviates the above-described drawbacks and limitations in the prior art. The invention in the same way as the prior art provides numerous economic and functional advantages. One advantage can be found in the considerable reduction in plant complexity, inasmuch as with respect to the prior art the following are literally eliminated: powder conveyor belts, together with the relative batching and weighing apparatus; silos stocking base colours; silos stocking mixtures, press service hoppers. A further advantage consists in the considerable reduction achieved in the covered space needed to house the entire production department. A still further advantage consists in the elimination of dispersion of powders into the air as thanks to the reduction in the material transfer distances, simple and airtight transport systems can be used. From a functional point of view there is the indubitable advantage that the plant capacity is considerably increased, both in terms of availability of a high number of mixtures ready for pressing (certainly higher than the prior art offers) and in terms of greater possibility of producing small batches. From a strictly technical point of view, packing down of powders is no longer a problem - which certainly cannot be said for the large-capacity silos presently in use, due to the effect of the weight bearing down on the lower levels of powders (with a concentration of humidity) and all the problems associated thereto. Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will better emerge from the detailed description that follows of a preferred but non-exclusive embodiment of the invention, illustrated purely by way of a nonlimiting example in the accompanying figures of the drawings, in which: figure 1 is a schematic side view in vertical elevation; figure 2 is a reduced-scale schematic plan view from above of figure 1; figure 3 is a part of a lateral view from the right of figure 1; figure 4 is a schematic plan view from above of figure 3; figure 5 is another part of the same lateral view from the right of figure 1; figure 6 is an enlarged-scale view of a detail of figure 3 concerning the combination of a container with a drawing device predisposed in a cell of the vertical storage container; figure 7 is a lateral view of a variant of the invention; figure 8 is a plan view from above of figure 7. With reference to the above-mentioned figures, 1 denotes in its entirety a vertical stacker affording cells 3 for housing special containers 2. Each cell 3 is predisposed to house a single container 2. The overall number of cells 3, and therefore the overall number of containers 2, is quite high and preferably above a thousand. In the illustrated example, the vertical stacker 1 is formed by a first structure 4 and a second structure 4 which are two-dimensionally extended according to the horizontal and vertical directions, are situated side-by-side and are substantially parallel. Each structure 4 is constituted by a considerable number of cells 3 arranged in a special order, so as to constitute a sort of flat vertical wall. In the illustrated embodiment, one of the structures, the second, is wholly constituted by cells 3, while the other, the first, stably houses, in the place of some of the cells, apparatus for the preparation and/or the final working of granular or powdery materials. The containers 2 are all the same and are provided with a hopper-shaped bottom 5 which ends in a discharge mouth 6 provided with a valve 7. In the illustrated embodiment each valve 7 comprises an obturator 8 having a gravity-operated closing action and which can be moved in the opposite direction, in order to open, by means external of the container 2. Other embodiments could be equipped with different valves from the illustrated one. Each container 2 is further provided with a cover 18 having the task of hermetically closing the container 2 itself. The container 2 has the function of containing materials in granular or powder form. In the illustrated embodiment these powders are to be used in press-forming ceramic products, especially tiles. The containers 2 are further provided superiorly with perimeter edges 19 which enable the containers 2 to be gripped for movement, as well as for stably resting, in a predetermined position, internally of the cells 3, which are provided for this purpose with sections arraged with their axes perpendicular to the vertical walls of the structures 4. Alternatively to the above-described container 2, a container 2' could be used having a single opening, closed by the valve 7 and being closed at the top, i.e. having no removable cover 18. In this case, to effect the loading, the single containers 2' will have to be predisposed with the valve 7 facing upwards so that the mouth 6 can function not only as a discharge mouth but also as a loading mouth. The containers 2' are normally stacked with the mouth 6 facing upwards, while, obviously, they will be stacked with their mouths 6 facing downwards when discharging. This will occur in cells 3 in which the containers 2' will have to be coupled with drawing devices 9. Rotation of the containers 2' can be achieved by the lift transporter 13 advantageously equipped to perform the operation. To enable rotation the containers 2' can be provided with special pivots which allow rotation about axis x-x. The possibility of rotating the containers 2' about axes x-x can also be used for powder mixing, so obviating the need for special mixers. The movement of the containers 2 is done by a lift-transporter 13 provided with gripping and support organs of the single containers 2 and further provided with a weighing device for determining the weight of the single container 2 gripped and supported. The lift transporter 13 operates between the two facing sides of the two structures 4 and on command can remove a single container 2 from any cell 3 and transfer it to any other cell 3 belonging to any one of the structures 4. The high number of cells 3 means that a large number of granular or powder materials, having wide variations of colour, composition, granulometry, can be drawn from the vertical stacker 1 then to be sent directly on to the press-forming operation. Removing these granular or powder materials is done directly from containers 2 housed in cells 3 located in predetermined positions in the second structure 4. The drawn materials are then conveyed to corresponding machines 10 for loading the single press-formers 11. In each cell 3 located in a predetermined position in the second structure 4 there is a drawing device 9 for interacting with the discharge mouth 6 of the container 2 housed in the cell 3 and for transferring the material drawn from the container 2 to a feeding chute 12 which is directly connected to the corresponding machine 10 for loading the relative press-former 11. The drawing device 9 is completely insulated from the outside environment and is provided with an organ 20 the function of which is to raise the obturator 8 of a valve 7 located on the discharge mouth 6 of the container 2 housed in the cell 3. In order to guarantee continuity of supply infeed, each chute 12 is supplied by at least two said drawing devices 9 provided for interacting with the discharge mouths 6 of the containers 2 housed in at least two cells 3 placed side-by-side and situated at a same height. The cells 3, equipped with drawing devices 9 for interacting with the discharge mouths 6 of the containers 2 for transferring the drawn materials to corresponding chutes 12, are located in predetermined positions of the second structure 4, which positions are high enough to guarantee fall by force of gravity of the materials in the chutes 12. The cells 3 are furthermore normally provided with weighing devices for weighing the single containers 2 housed therein. Thus a plurality of chutes 12 flow into a single press-former loader 10, each of which chutes 12 is perfectly able continuously to feed the machine 10 with a flow of granular or powder material. Feed continuity is guaranteed by the fact that each chute 12 is connected to two paired containers containing the same type of material and which can function alternately (while one is substituted, the other continues to feed). The above arrangement, and the size of the stacker, mean that many chutes 12 can be used, so that at a same time a single press-former loader 10 can be supplied with many different powders or granules: in the illustrated example up to eight can be supplied, but the number is in any case more than enough to satisfy any possible porcelain stoneware production needs, without creating any plant complications relating to transfer and movement of the powders. The movement of the powders is done simply, by transferring the relative containers 2 internally of the stacker 1, in which the powders are stacked in an orderly fashion. The whole system is automatically managed, in the same way as for all known vertical stackers, used for stocking goods in many industries. For reasons of convenience, the first structure 4 can house (instead of some cells 3) an apparatus for the preparation and/or final working of the granular or powder materials. The apparatus is fed with material from the containers 2 housed in cells 3 located superiorly to the apparatus itself and is further provided with outlet devices for conveying the worked material into containers 2 housed in cells 3 located inferiorly thereto. In particular, the apparatus for the preparation and/or final working of the granular or powder materials housed in the first structure 4 are, in the illustrated embodiment, constituted by a granulator 17 and a mixer 16. The integration of the above into the first structure 4 of the stacker 1 renders even simpler and faster all the operations connected with the preparation of materials of different characteristics. The feeding of both the mixer 16 and the granulator 17 is realised by means of a system in all aspects similar to the system already described for feeding the press-form loaders 10. In the preselected cells 3, located superiorly to the granulator 17 and the mixer 16, drawing devices 29 are arranged, similar to the drawing devices denoted by 9. The drawing devices 29 interact with the discharge mouths 6 of the containers 2 housed in the cells 3, transferring the materials drawn to chutes 21 which open respectively into the underlying granulator 17 and mixer 16. Discharge from the granulator 17 and the mixer 16 is done by means of discharge chutes 22 leading directly down into the underlying containers 2. Delivery of granular of powder materials into the stacker 1 is done using means for interacting with the single containers 2 housed in cells 3 located in predetermined positions, preferably at the base of the second structure 4. These means for interacting comprise conveyors 22 connecting external apparatus for the production of said materials with th econtainers 2 housed in the preselected cells 3. In the illustrated embodiment these external apparatus comprise an atomiser 14 and a microniser 15. In the present invention the transfer of all materials in the powder or granule form is done almost totally through movement of the containers 2, which are closed. This means that dispersion of the materials into the environment is eliminated. Storing the materials in the plurality of containers 2 also enables elimination of all the silos necessary, in the prior art, for storing base colours as well as those for storing mixed ready to use materials close to the press-formers, with the obvious advantage of considerably reducing the area of the covered space necessary to house the plant. The plant of the invention also offers the important advantage of great flexibility, essentially due to the fact that each change in production is done quickly through a simple nearing of one or more of the containers 2 housed in the cells 3 provided with drawing devices 9. This also enables unproblematic management of small production batches. Together with a general and considerable plant simplification, the invention also has the indubitable advantage of notably increasing capacity in terms of an immediate availability of a very high number of mixtures ready for the press-formers. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, eight types of mixture are immediately available, but there could certainly be more.

Claims: A plant for supplying materials in granular or powder form to press-formers of manufactured articles, comprising: a plurality of containers (2) suitable for containing predetermined quantities of materials in granular or powder form; a vertical stacker (1) provided with a large number of cells (3) arranged side by side to form at least one structure (4) which is extended horizontally and vertically and in which each of said cells (3) is shaped such as to receive any one of said containers (2); means being provided for moving said containers (2) so that each single container (2) can be removed from any one cell of said cells (3) and transferred to any other of said cells (3); means for drawing materials in granular or powder form from containers (2) housed in cells (3) located in predetermined positions in said structure (4) and for conveying said materials to machines (10) for loading single press-formers (11); means for conveying materials in granular or powder form to single containers (2) housed in predetermined cells (3) of the plurality of cells (3); the containers (2) of said plurality of containers (2) being all identical and exhibiting at least a bottom (5) which has a hopper conformation; said bottom (5) ending in a discharge mouth (6) provided with a valve (7); characterised in that said valve (7) comprises an obturator (8) which closes by force of gravity and which is predisposed to be caused to rise in an opposite direction and to open by action of means which are external to the containers (2). The plant of claims 1, characterised in that each single cell of said cells (3) is predisposed to receive any one of said containers (2) in a predetermined position. The plant of claim 2, characterised in that said means for drawing the granular or powder material from the containers (2) housed in the cells (3) located in predetermined positions in said structure (4) and for conveying the materials to corresponding machines (10) for loading a corresponding press-former (11) comprise, for each single cell of the cells (3), a drawing device (9) which interacts with the discharge mouth (6) of the container (2) housed in the cell (3) and transfers the drawn material from the container (2) to a chute (12) which is directly connected to a corresponding machine (10) for loading a press-former (11). The plant of claim 3, characterised in that the chute (12) is fed by at least two said drawing devices (9) for interacting with the discharge mouths (6) of the containers (2) housed in at least two cells (3) set side-by-side at a same height. The plant of claim 4, characterised in that the cells (3), provided with said drawing devices (9) for interacting with the discharge mouths (6) of the containers (2) to transfer the drawn materials to the chutes (12) are located in predetermined positions of the structure (4) and are afforded a sufficient clearance space to ensure that the materials fall by force of gravity internally of the chutes (12). The plant of claim 5, characterised in that at least the cells (3), provided with said drawing devices (9) for interacting with the discharge mouths (6) of the containers (2) to transfer the drawn materials to the chutes (12) are provided with weighing devices for weighing each of the containers housed in said cells (3). The plant of claim 1 or 6, characterised in that said means for moving said containers (2) so that each single container (2) thereof can be removed from any cell of the cells (3) and transferred to any cell of the cells (3) comprise a lift transporter (13) equipped with organs for gripping and supporting each container (2) and provided with a weighing device for determining a weight of each single container (2) when gripped and supported. The plant of claim 1 or 7, characterised in that said structure (4) is extended vertically and horizontally and can house apparatus for preparation of and final working of said granular and powder material; said apparatus being fed with material from the containers (2) housed in cells (3) located superiorly to the apparatus and being provided with devices for discharging able to transfer the worked material into containers (2) housed in cells (3) located inferiorly to the apparatus. The plant of claim 8, characterised in that said vertical stacker (1) comprises two of said structures (4), a first structure and a a second structure, both extended vertically and horizontally and set side by side and parallel one to another; the lift transporter working between facing sides of said first and second structure; said lift transporter having the task of moving said containers (2) so that a single container of said containers (2) can be removed from any cell of the cells (3) and transferred to another any cell of the cells (3) in either of the first and the second structures. The plant of claim 9, characterised in that the apparatus for preparation and final working of said granular or powder material are housed in the first or the second of the two structures (4), while the means for drawing the material from containers (2) housed in cells (3), also transport the material to corresponding machines (10) for loading press-formers (11) and comprise, for each single cell (3), a drawing device (9) for interacting with the discharge mouth (6) of the container (2) housed in the cell (3) and for transferring the material drawn from the container (2) to a chute (12) which is directly connected to the corresponding machine (10) for loading a press-former (11), the means for drawing being located in the other of the first or second structures. The plant of claim 10, characterised in that the means for supplying granular or powder materials to single containers (2) housed in predetermined cells (3) comprise conveyors connecting external apparatus for production of said material with the containers (2) housed in the predetermined cells (3) of the first or second structure. The plant of claim 11, characterised in that the external apparatus for the production of said material in granular or powder form comprise an atomiser (14). The plant of claim 11 or 12, characterised in that said external apparatus for the production of said granular or powder material comprise a microniser (15). The plant of claim 13, characterised in that said apparatus for the preparation and final working of said granular or powder material comprise a mixer (16). The plant of claim 13 or 14, characterised in that said apparatus for the preparation and final working of said granular or powder materials comprise a granulator (17). The plant of any one of claims from 1 to 15, characterised in that each container (2) is provided with a single opening, constituted by the discharge mouth (6), which is closed by the valve (7) and is also used as a loading mouth; each container (2) being provided with coaxial pivots (23) for rotating the container (2).

Inventors: STEFANI FRANCO, STEFANI, FRANCO
Applicants: RONFLETTE S A, RONFLETTE S.A.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: B65D88
IPC codes: A22B5