A power tool having an interchangeable tool head

Abstract: A power tool includes a motor (20) mounted within a body (14) of the tool. The tool (14) is able to accept any one of a plurality of attachment members (54) so as to form a tool dedicated for a particular job. Each one of the attachment members (54) of the plurality has a pre-determined output speed and one of a rotary and non-rotary output. By the ability to interchange the attachment members of the plurality therefore a total power tool is provided having the above features.

Description: The present invention relates to a power tool and, in particular, to a power tool having a conventional body portion and provided with a plurality of interchangeable tool heads. As a result of considerable developments within the field of power tools and the increased demand of the DIY market, the number of different types of power tool available to the consumer has risen considerably in the past decade. In particular even the most reluctant of DIY enthusiasts will own a power drill and jigsaw, whilst their more enthusiastic counterparts will also require electric sanders, power files, nibblers and other specialised power tools having dedicated purpose. Whilst this considerable array of power tools is often found to be useful, owning such a large number is both expensive and requires a considerable amount of storage space. In addition, having one specialised tool to perform each job often results in significant under-utilage of such a tool which are, generally, all operated by similar motors. Still further, many of todays power tools are "cordless", being battery powered by rechargeable batteries, often requiring the user to change the battery pack when changing dedicated tools, or have several ready-charged batteries available for different tools. These current solutions are cumbersome or expensive respectively. Attempts have been made to improve utilage of such power tools and to provide solutions to the above problems by the inclusion of attachments for a conventional drill, whereby the drill chuck is used to engage a drive mechanism of a reciprocating saw blade, an example of which is seen in US Patent No. 1808228. Another example of a multi functional tool shown in German Gebrauchsmuster 9010138 which shows a conventional drill body having a plurality of drill heads which operate at different speeds dependent on the gear reduction mechanism incorporated in those heads. However, the drawbacks of systems of this type is that where a drill chuck is used to operate a drive mechanism for a reciprocating saw, considerable energy is lost in the conversion mechanism of firstly driving a drill chuck which then drives the saw mechanism. Alternatively, where the tool incorporates interchangeable drill heads the variety of functions are somewhat limited to altering the speed of drilling. Further prior disclosures of power tool systems comprising a tool body having interchangeable tool heads can be seen in US Patent No. 4,103,511 and European Patent Application Number 321594 which disclosed power tool systems comprising a tool body with a rotary output and a plurality of interchangeable tool heads each for releasable connection with the tool body so as to engage with the motor output. Connection of the tool heads of the plurality to the body provides power tools having one of a predetermined number output speeds and one of a rotary or non rotary output. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a power tool system which alleviates the aforementioned problems and allows for maximum utilage of that power tool. According to the present invention there is provided a power tool system comprising a tool body having a motor with an axially extending rotary output spindle and plurality of interchangeable tool heads each for releasable connection with said body each tool head having axially extending input member so as to engage coaxially with said motor output sinpdle wherein connection of one of the tool heads of the plurality to said body will provide a power tool having one of a predetermined number of output speeds, and one of a rotary or non-rotary output and that interchanging said one tool head of the plurality with another tool head of said plurality will provide a power tool having either or both a different output speed and/or the other of a rotary or non-rotary output; characterised in that said tool body having a first opening substantially coaxial with said rotary output spindle said tool body further including a channel extending radially outwards from said first opening; each tool head being releasably connectable to said tool body, wherein each tool head having first and second coaxial spigots, the first spigot to be received within said first opening in co-operating engagement therewith and said second spigot to extend through said first opening into the interior of the tool body when one of said tool heads is connected to said tool body, said first spigot comprising a radially extending projection for co-operating engagement with said channel to orientate the tool head a predetermined orientation relative to the body; said second spigot comprising a first restraining means for releasable engagement with an internal second restraining means disposed within said tool body for restraining said tool head from axial displacement relative to said tool body. Preferably at least one of the tool heads of plurality will comprise a gear reduction mechanism for reducing the rotary output speed of the motor and wherein different tool heads will comprise different gear reduction mechanisms to produce the desired tool output speed for that particular function. For example a conventional drill chuck tool head will require the rotary output speed of the motor to be considerably reduced from approximately 15,000rpm to approximately 500rpm whereas a reciprocating saw will require an oscillating speed of approximately 3,000 cycles per minute. Preferably the system will comprise a releasable locking mechanism engageable between the tool body and each of the tool heads of the plurality to restrain such tool heads from relative displacement to the body. Usually the system will further comprise an orientation mechanism comprising a first orientation means disposed on the tool body for co-operation with a second orientation means on each of the tool heads of the plurality when connected to said to provide for correct orientation of the tool head in a pre-determined orientation relative to the body, to provide the preferable ergonomic design of the tool once the tool head is connected to the body. For example, a reciprocating saw head will have the blade teeth disposed in the correct orientation relative to a handle of the tool body to allow for correct usage. The orientation mechanism is further utilised to restrain the tool head from rotation relative to the tool body, when the tool body is connected thereto. Preferably, the plurality of tool heads will comprise at least one of a drill chuck and a high speed rotary tool and at least one of a reciprocating saw, a detail sander and a nibbler. This provides a system having at least one rotary output tool head and at least one non rotary output tool head. It is preferred that the motor output will have a first engagement means for co-operation with a second engagement means disposed in each of the tool heads of the plurality, wherein each second engagement means is connected to the drive mechanism. Usually, one of the first and second engagement means will comprise a male cog and the other of said first and second engagement means will comprise a female cog to receive said male cog therein. Furthermore, it is preferable that the tool body incorporate a lock off mechanism to disable a power activation switch when none of the tool heads of plurality are connected to the body, and each of the tool heads of plurality comprising actuating means to engage and deactivate this lock off mechanism when each tool head of the plurality is connected to the body. Thus when the tool head is not connected to the body, the motor cannot be accidentally switched on which protects both the user and the motor output from accidental damage. Preferably, at least one of the tool heads of the plurality will comprise such actuating means which will automatically deactivate the lock off switch when each tool head is connected to the tool body. Alternatively, the actuating means may be manually operable to deactivate the lock off mechanism if so required (such as for a saw head). Usually this lock off mechanism will comprise a pivotable member having one end biased into engagement with the power activation switch, with its opposed end having a cam engaging surface for engagement with a cam surface on each of the tool heads of the plurality, whereby the cam surface engages the cam engaging surface so as to pivot the pivotable member out of engagement with the switch. It is preferable that this power tool system will have a power source provided by a replaceable battery system within the tool body. Such batteries will usually be rechargeable. This provides for the ease of use of the tool system. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings in which:- Figure 1 shows a front perspective view of a body portion of a power tool in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 shows a part side elevation of a tool head attachment mechanism; Figure 3 shows a part cut-away side elevation of the body portion of Figure 1 having a tool head attached thereto; Figure 4 shows the part cut away side elevation as shown in Figure 3 with the tool head removed; Figure 5 is a perspective view of the body portion of Figure 1 with half the clamshell removed; Figure 6 is a side elevation of a drill chuck tool head with part clamshell removed; Figure 7 is a side elevation of a detailed sander tool head with part clamshell removed; Figure 8a is a side view of a reciprocating saw tool head with part clamshell removed; Figure 8b is a schematic view of the drive conversion mechanism of the reciprocating saw tool head of Figure 8a; Figure 9 is a side view an alternative embodiment of a power tool with high speed rotary tool head attachment with half clamshell removed; Figure 10a is an alternative embodiment of the power tool of Figure 9 with a nibbler tool head attachment with half clamshell removed; and Figure 10b is the drive mechanism of the nibbler tool head attachment of Figure 10a. Referring now to Figure 1, a power tool shown generally as (2) comprises a main body portion (4) conventionally formed from two halves of a plastic clamshell (6,8). The two halves are fitted together to encapsulate the internal mechanism of the power tool to be described later. The body portion (4) defines a substantially D-shaped body, of which a rear portion (10) defines a conventional pistol grip to be grasped by the user. Projecting inwardly of this rear portion (10) is an actuating trigger (12) which may be operable by a finger of the user in a manner conventional to the design of power tools. Such a pistol grip design is conventional and will not be described further in reference to this embodiment. The front portion (14) of the D-shape body serves a dual purpose in providing a guard for the users hand when gripping the pistol grip portion (10) and also serves to accommodate two batteries (26) (Figure 5) to provide the power source for the tool (2). The two halves of the clamshell (6,8) define an opening shown generally as (16), which allows the batteries to be inserted within the tool. Such batteries are releasably restrained within the body portion by a conventional means and it will be appreciated to those skilled in the art that the inclusion of removable batteries (or battery packs) within power tools is well known and the mechanisms used to restrain and release such battery systems are also well known. As such, the batteries per se do not form part of the present invention and will not be described in further detail for this present invention. The body portion (4) has an enlarged upper body section (18) extending between the front and rear portions (10,14) which houses the power tool motor (20). Again, the motor (20) employed for this power tool is a conventional electric motor and will not be described in detail herein save for general functional description. This upper body section (18) further comprises a substantially cylindrical opening (22) defined by two halves of the clamshell (6,8) through which access to an output spindle (24) of the motor (20) is provided. Referring now to Figures 3, 4 and 5 the internal mechanism of the tool (2) will be described in more detail. Two batteries (26) (only one of which is shown in Figures 3 and 4) are received through the battery opening (16) into the front portion (14) of the body (4) to electrically engage terminals (28). The batteries (26) are restrained within the tool body (4) by a detent mechanism (30) which is manually operable to facilitate removal of the batteries when so desired. Such a mechanism is conventional within the field of removable battery packs and will not be described further. The electrical terminals (28) are electrically coupled to the motor (20) via the trigger (12) in a conventional manner. (Note, for clarity in the drawings the electrical connections are not shown but comprise insulated wire connections of conventional design.) Upon actuation of the trigger (12) the user selectively couples the motor (20) to the batteries (26) thereby energising the motor (20) which in turn rotates an output spindle (24) to provide a high speed rotary output drive. As can be seen from Figures 1 and 4 the spindle (24) has a male cog (32) attachment for mesh engagement with a drive mechanism female cog on a power tool head which will be described hereinafter. As is conventional for modern power tools, the motor (20) is provided with a forward/reverse switch (34) which, on operation, facilitates reversal of the terminal connections between the batteries (26) and the motor (20) (via switch 12) thereby reversing the direction of rotation of the motor output as desired by the user. Again such a mechanism is conventional within the field of power tools. Referring now to Figure 5, which shows the power tool (2) having one of the clamshells (8) removed to show, in perspective the internal workings of the tool, it will be seen that the motor is supported by conventional clamshell ribs (shown generally at (36) and which are mirrored by compatible ribs on the clamshell (8)) to restrain the motor within the clamshell. The foremost of these ribs (36a) (Figure 4) forms a front extension plate (38) (Figure 5) which (in conjunction with the comparable front extension plate on the removed clamshell portion (8)) substantially encloses the front of the motor (40) save for a circular aperture (42) through which the motor spindle (24) projects. The circular aperture (42) is co-axial with the motor spindle axis (49). The two clamshell halves (6,8) further comprise two semi-circular plates (44) disposed forward of the front extension plate (38) and substantially parallel therewith to form a second, outer extension plate (46) again having a circular aperture (48) to facilitate access to the motor spindle (24). Both apertures (42 and 48) are disposed co-axially on the axis (49). As can be seen from Figure 4 the two extension plates (38,46) serve to define a chamber (47) about the spindle axis (49), externally accessible through the aperture (48) and which substantially houses the spindle cog (32). Furthermore, the outer extension plate (46) is itself recessed within the cylindrical opening (22) (thus forming a substantially cylindrical chamber between the opening (22) and the plate (46)) so that the spindle cog (32) does not project outwardly of the body portion (4). The power tool (2) further comprises a plurality of interchangeable tool head attachments (one of which is shown generally as (50) in Figure 3) which are attachable to the body portion (4) to form a particular type of power tool having a dedicated function. This aspect of the invention will be described hereinafter, but for initial reference the particular types of tool head will include, amongst others, a conventional drill chuck, a reciprocating saw drive mechanism and a detail sander. Each of the tool head attachments will have a drive mechanism for engagement with the spindle cog (32) so that the motor (20) will drive the drive mechanism of each tool head. Referring now to Figure 2, each of the tool head attachments (referred to as (50)) has a uniform connection system (52) shown in Figure 2 in solid lines. This tool head connection system (52) comprises a substantially cylindrical outer body portion (54) which is ergonomically designed to match the exterior contours of the body portion (4) when the attachment is connected thereto. This outer body portion (54) design will vary for different types of tool head attachments (as will be seen later) and generally serves to provide a different profile to the power tool dependent on its particular function. The design shown in Figure 2 is that intended for use with a drill chuck head attachment. Extended rearwardly of this outer body portion (54) is a substantially cylindrical spigot (56) which is shaped so as to fit snugly within the cylindrical opening (22) of the body portion (4). As seen in Figure 5, the cylindrical opening (22) of the body portion is defined by a series of inwardly directed ribs (23) forming a substantially cylindrical chamber. This cylindrical spigot (56) has a substantially flat circular rear wall (58) disposed about a head axis (60). Projecting rearwardly of this wall (58) so as to extend co-axially with the axis (60) is a second, substantially cylindrical and hollow spigot (62) having a diameter substantially less than the diameter of the spigot (56). This hollow spigot (62) has a series of exterior annular flanges (64) which define an outer cylindrical recess (66). In addition, the spigot (62) has a gradually increasing exterior diameter formed by a series of tapered steps shown generally at (68) inclined radially outward from the axis (60) in a direction from left to right as viewed in Figure 2. These tapered steps (68) provide inclined lead-in shoulders on the spigot (62) to form a generally tapered spigot. In addition, the spigot (56) also has a tapered step (70) again forming an inclined lead-in cam surface. Thus, as the tool attachment (50) is brought into engagement with the body portion (4) the connection system (52) is inserted into the cylindrical opening (22) of the body portion (4) for the tool attachment axis (60) to extend substantially co-axially with the spindle axis (49). As the connection system (52) passes into the cylindrical opening (22) the tapered leading edge (70) may abut the ribs (23) so as to maintain the head attachment (50) co-axial with the spindle axis (49). As such, the lead-in edge (70) serves as a guide surface. Further insertion of the connection system (52) into the opening (22) will cause the hollow cylindrical spigot (62) to pass through the aperture (48) in the outer extension plate (46) so as to encompass the spindle cog (32) . As can be seen from Figure 4 the inner aperture (42) of the front extension plate (38) has a smaller diameter than the aperture (48) of the outer extension plate (46). Furthermore, the remote end (72) of the spigot (62) (as shown in Figure 2) has a diameter corresponding substantially to the diameter of the aperture (42) whereas the inner diameter of the spigot (62) has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the aperture (48). In this manner, as the spigot (62) is inserted into the body portion (4) the spigot (62) will be received in a complementary fit within the apertures (42 and 48) as shown in Figure 4. In this manner the front extension plate (38) and outer extension plate (46) serve to firmly receive the spigot of the connection system (52) to restrain the connection system from axial displacement within the power tool body portion (4). Furthermore, this axial support of the connection system is assisted by the snug fit of the spigot (56) within the cylindrical opening (22). A shoulder portion (74) formed between the outer body portion (54) and the spigot (56) serves to restrain the connection system from further displacement of the connection system axially by its abutment against the outer rim (76) of the clamshell, as shown in Figure 4. To restrain the tool attachment (50) in connection with the body portion (4), the body portion (4) is further provided with a resiliently biased locking mechanism within the chamber (47) (defined between the front extension plate (38) and outer extension plate (46) (Figure 4)). This locking means (which is not shown in the attached drawings) comprises a resilient mechanism comprising two resiliently biased spring wires and disposed generally within a plane normal to the axis (60) which extend across the apertures (42 and 48) so that as the connection system (52) passes through the aperture (48) the tapered steps (68) of the spigot (62) will engage the biased wires and deflect them out of the path of the cylindrical spigot (56). Further insertion of the spigot (62) into the body portion (4) will then enable these resiliently deflected wires to encounter the cylindrical recess (66) on the spigot (56) and, by returning to the resiliently biased position snap engage with this recess (66) to restrain the connection system (52) from further axially displacement. In addition this locking mechanism is provided with a conventional push button (not shown) which extends through an aperture (78) in the body (4) whereby actuation of this push button will cause the two wires to be pushed apart so that they are moved out of engagement with the cylindrical recess (66) in the connection system (52) to thereby release the tool attachment head (50) when required. The power tool (2) is further provided with an intelligent lock-off mechanism (Figures 4, 5 and 6) which is intended to prevent actuation of the actuating trigger (12) when there is no tool head attachment (50) connected to the body portion (4). Such a lock-off mechanism serves a dual purpose of preventing the power tool from being switched on accidentally and thus draining the power source (batteries) whilst it also serves as a safety feature to prevent the power tool being switched on when there is no tool head attached which would present a high speed rotation of the spindle cog (32) (at speeds approaching 15,000rpm). The lock-off mechanism (80) comprises a pivoted lever switch member (82) pivotally mounted about a pin (84) which is moulded integrally with the clamshell (6). The switch member (82) is substantially a elongate plastics beam having at its innermost end a downwardly directed projection (86) which is biased (by a conventional helical spring, not shown) in a downwards direction to the position as shown in Figure 4 so as to abut the actuating trigger (12). The actuating trigger (12) comprises an upstanding projection (88) presenting a rearwardly directed shoulder which engages the pivot pin projection (86) when the lock-off mechanism (80) is in the unactuated position (Figure 4). In order to operate the actuating trigger (12) it is necessary for the user to depress the trigger (12) with their index finger so as to displace the trigger switch (12) from right to left as viewed in Figure 4. However, the abutment of the trigger projection (88) against the projection (86) of the lock-off mechanism restrains the trigger switch (12) from displacement in this manner. The opposite end of the switch member (82) has an outwardly directed cam surface (90) being inclined to form a substantially wedge shaped profile as seen in Figure 4. Referring now to Figure 1 it is seen that the two halves of the clamshell (6 and 8) in the region of the cylindrical opening (22) form a substantially rectangular channel (92) (in cross-section) extending downwardly from the periphery of this cylindrical opening (22) and which is shown generally as (92). The cam surface (90) is received within this channel (92) so as to be presented outwardly of the body portion (4) (Figure 1). Referring now to Figure 2 the tool attachment (50) has an additional projection (94) which is substantially rectangular in cross-section and presents an inclined cam surface (96) which is inclined radially outwardly from the axis (60) in a direction away from the spigot (62). This projection (94) has a cross-sectional profile compatible with the rectangular channel (92) of the body (4) and is designed to be received therein. This projection (94) thus serves a dual purpose (i) as an orientation mechanism requiring the tool head to be correctly orientated about its axis (60) relative to the body portion (4) in order that this projection (94) is received within the rectangular channel (92) (which thus serves to position the tool head in a pre-determined alignment relative to the body portion) whilst (ii) the cam surface (96) serves to engage the cam surface (90) of the lock-off mechanism (80) so that continued displacement of the tool attachment (50) towards the body portion (4) causes cam engagement between the cam surfaces (96 and 90). This cam engagement causes pivotal deflection of the switch member (82) about the pin (84), (against the resilient biasing of the helical spring (not shown)) and to thus move the projection (86) in an upwards direction (to the actuated position as shown in Figure 3), thus moving this projection (86) out of engagement with the trigger projection (88) which thus allows the actuating trigger (12) to be displaced as required by the user to switch the power tool on as required. This attachment of the tool head automatically de-activates the lock-off mechanism. When the tool attachment (50) comprises a reciprocating saw head the projection (94) as shown in Figure 2 remains substantially hollow with a front opening to pass over the cam surface (90) so that no cam surface (96) is presented by such a tool head attachment. In such a situation as the tool head attachment (50) is connected to the body portion (4) as previously described the projection (94) serves to orientate the tool head in the correct orientation relative to the tool body by being received within the channel (92), but such projection (94) is simply received over the switch member cam surface (90) so that this switch member is not actuated, thus leaving the lock-off mechanism in engagement with the trigger switch to prevent accidental activation of this trigger (12). The reciprocating saw tool head is then provided with a manually operable switch member (not shown) which comprises a cam surface (similar to cam surface (96) as previously described) compatible with the cam surface (90). Operation of this switch member serves to displace the compatible cam surface through the projection (94), into engagement with the cam surface (90) when the tool head is attached to the body portion (4) serving to pivotally displace the lock-off mechanism (80) in a manner previously described, so as to release the trigger switch (12). This manually operable switch will be resiliently biased away from the body portion (4) so that once it has been used to de-activate the lock-off mechanism and the trigger switch (12) displaced so as to activate the power tool, the manually operable switch is released and thus disengages the cam surface (90) whereby the downwardly directed projection (86) of the switch member (82) would then be biased towards engagement with the trigger projection (88). However, at this time since the trigger switch (12) will have been displaced from right to left as shown in Figure 3, the projection (86) will abut an upper surface of the trigger projection (88) while the tool is in use. When the user has finished use of the tool the trigger (12) will be released (and moved from left to right under conventional spring biasing means common to the art) which will then allow the downwardly biased projection (86) to re-engage the shoulder of the trigger projection (88) to restrain the actuating trigger from further activation as previously described. Therefore, if the user wishes to again activate the tool with the reciprocating saw tool head he must manually displace the switch on the tool head so as to de-activate the lock-off mechanism as previously described. This provides the safety feature that when a saw head attachment is connected to the body portion (4) the actuating trigger (12) may not be accidentally switched on. This provides tool heads with automatic or manually operable means for de-activating the lock-off mechanism, i.e. an intelligent lock-off mechanism which is able to identify different tool head functions, and is able to identify situations whereby manual de-activation of the lock-off mechanism is required. Referring now to Figure 3, each of the tool head attachments (50) will have a drive spindle (102) to which is coupled, at its free end, a female cog member (104) which is designed to engaged with the male cog (32) from the motor output spindle (24) (Figure 4). It will be appreciated that when the male and female cogs of the motor spindle (24) and the drive spindle (102) mate together when the tool head attachment (50) is connected to the body (4), then actuation of the motor (20) will cause simultaneous rotation of the head drive spindle (102) therefore providing a rotary drive to the tool head drive mechanism (to be described later). As can be seen from Figure 3, which includes a side elevation of a tool head (50) (in this example a drill chuck) it is clearly seen that the female cog member (104) is wholly enclosed within the cylindrical spigot (56) of the connection system (52). As previously described this cylindrical spigot (56) has a cylindrical end opening to receive the male cog (32) of the motor spindle (24) (as seen in Figure 3). In addition as can be seen from Figures 1 and 4 the male cog (32) is recessed within the tool body (4) and is accessible only through the cylindrical opening (22) and the aperture (48). In this manner both of the male and female cogs have severely restricted access to alleviate damage to these potentially delicate parts of the connection mechanism. In particular the male cog (32) is directly attached to the motor spindle and a severe blow to this spindle could damage the motor itself whereby recessing the cog (32) within the tool body (4) the cog itself is protected from receiving any direct blows, for example if the tool body was dropped without a head attachment. Furthermore, by recessing this cog within the tool body (and in the situation whereby the lock-off mechanism was deliberately de-activated - for example by use of a member pushed against the cam surface (90)) then even if the motor was able to be activated, the high speed rotation of the cog (24) would not be easily accessible to the user who would thus be protected from potential injury. Thus, by recessing the male and female cogs within the clamshells of the body and the head respectively these delicate parts are protected from external damage which may occur in the work environments in which they are used. Still further, by positioning the female cog (104) within the cylindrical spindle (56) it is automatically aligned substantially with the axis (60) of the tool head (50) which is then automatically aligned with the axis (49) of the motor spindle (24) by virtue of the alignment of the spigot (68) within the aperture (42) so that male and female cog alignment is substantially automatic upon alignment of the tool head with the tool body. Referring now to Figures 6, 7 and 8, three specific tool head attachments are shown. Figure 6 shows a drill tool head attachment (corresponding to that shown in Figure 3 generally at (50)) with the clamshell portion of the connection system (52) half removed to show, schematically, the drive mechanism of this drill tool head. As previously described, this drill tool head has a connection system (52) having a cylindrical spigot (56) which connects with the tool body (4) as previously described. Housed within the spigot (56) is the head drive spindle (102) having connected thereon a female cog member (104) for engagement with the male cog (32) connected to the motor spindle (24). The drive spindle (104) has an inner drive cog (not shown) which is designed to drive a conventional sun and planet gear reduction mechanism illustrated generally as (112). To those skilled in the art, the use of a sun and planetary gear reduction mechanism is standard practice and will not be described in detail here save to explain that the motor output generally employed in such power tools will have an output of approximately 15,000rpm whereby the gear and planetary reduction mechanism will reduce the rotational speed of the drive mechanism to that required for this specific tool function. In the particular case of a conventional drill this first gear reduction mechanism will have an output of approximately 3,000rpm, which is then used as an input drive to a second sun and planet gear reduction mechanism to provide a final rotary output of approximately 800rpm. The exact ratio of gear reduction will be dependent on the number of teeth on the cogs employed in the gear arrangement. The output drive (114) of this gear reduction mechanism (112) then drives a conventional drill chuck (115) in a manner conventional to those skilled in the art. In the particular drill head shown as (110) a clutch mechanism shown generally as (116) (which is again conventional for electric drill/drivers and will not be described in any detail here) is disposed between the gear reduction mechanism and the drill chuck. When this drill head attachment is connected to the tool body the power tool (2) acts as a conventional electric drill with the motor output drive driving the gear reduction mechanism via the male/female cog connection (32, 104). Referring now to Figure 7, which shows a detail sander tool head (120) one half of the clamshell is removed to allow the drive mechanism is to be shown schematically. This tool head (120) has the connection system (52) as previously described together with the cam projection (94) required for de-activation of the lock-off mechanism as previously described. However, it will be noted here that the outer peripheral design of this tool head varies to the drill tool head (110) but is again designed to be flush fit with the body portion (4) so as to present a comfortable ergonomic design for a detailed sander once this head is connected to the body. To this end, each of the tool head clamshell designs ensures that once that tool head is connected to the tool body, then the overall shape of the power tool is ergonomically favourable to the function of that power tool to allow the tool to be used to its maximum efficiency. Again, the detailed sander tool head (120) has a drive shaft with female cog member (104) which again is connected to a conventional gear reduction mechanism (112) (conventional sun and planet gear reduction mechanism) to provide a rotary output speed of approximately 6,000rpm. The gear reduction output (122) is then employed to drive a conventional eccentrially driven plate on which the detailed sander platen (124) is mounted. The gear reduction and drive mechanism of the tool head (120) is conventional to that employed in a detail sander having an eccentrically driven platen. As such, this drive mechanism will not be described herein in any detail since it is commonplace in the art. Figure 8 shows a reciprocating saw tool head attachment (130) having the conventional connection system (52) connection with the tool body (4). Again the tool connection system (52) will house the drive spindle (102) with female cog member (104) connected to a gear reduction mechanism (112) to reduce the speed of the head drive mechanism to approximately 3,000rpm. The gear reduction mechanism (112) then has a rotary output connected to a drive conversion mechanism shown generally at (132) which is used to convert the rotary output of the gear reduction mechanism to linear motion to drive the saw blade (164) in a linear reciprocating motion indicated generally by the arrow (136). Whilst it can be seen from Figure 8 that this reciprocating motion is not parallel with the axis of the tool head, this is merely a preference for the ergonomic design of this particular tool head (130) although, if necessary, the reciprocating motion could be made parallel with the tool head (and subsequently motor drive) axis (60). The tool head (130) itself is a conventional design for a reciprocating or pad saw having a base plate (138) which is brought into contact with the surface to be cut to stabilise the tool (if required) and again the exterior shape of this tool head has been chosen for ergonomic preference. The drive conversion mechanism (132) utilises a conventional reciprocating space crank illustrated, for clarity, schematically in Figure 8a. The drive conversion mechanism (132) will have a rotary input (140) (which for this particular tool head will be the gear reduction mechanism output at a speed of approximately 3,000rpm and which is co-axial with the axis of rotation of the motor of the tool itself). The rotary input (140) is connected to a link plate (142) having an inclined front face (144) (inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the input). Mounted to project proud of the surface (144) is a circular pin (146) which is caused to move in a frusto-conical path with respect to the axis of rotation of the input (140). Freely mounted on this pin (146) is a link member (148) which is free to rotate about the pin (146). However, this link member (148) is restrained from rotation about the drive axis (140) by engagement with a slot within a plate member (150). This plate member (150) is free (in the embodiment of Figure 8a) to move only in a direction parallel with the axis of rotation of the input (140). Thus, the wobble of the pin (146) is translated to linear reciprocating motion of the plate (150) via the link member (148). This particular mechanism for converting rotary to linear motion is conventional and has only been shown schematically for clarification of the mechanism (132) employed in this particular saw head attachment (130). In the saw head (130) the plate (150) is provided for reciprocating linear motion between the two guiding members (160) and has attached at a free end thereof a blade locking mechanism (162) for engaging a conventional saw blade (164) in standard manner. Thus the tool head (130) employs both a gear reduction mechanism and a drive conversion mechanism for converting the rotary output of the motor to a linear reciprocating motion of the blade. Furthermore, the reciprocating saw tool head (130) has a projection (94) for orientating the tool head (130) relative to the body of the power tool (4). However, as previously described, this projection (94) (for this particular tool head) is hollow so as not to engage the cam surface (90) of the lock-off mechanism (80). This tool head is then provided with an additional manually operable button (166) which, on operation by the user, will enable a spring biased member (not shown) to pass through the hollow projection (94) when the head (130) is attached to the body (4) so as to engage the cam surface (90) of the lock-off mechanism (80)to manually de-activate the lock-off mechanism when power is required to drive the reciprocating saw (as previously described). Although three specific tool head embodiments have been shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8, the present invention is by no means limited to three such tool heads. In particular, a complete range of tool head attachments may be connected to the body to obtain a functional tool which is currently available as an existing single function power tool. Two more examples of tool head attachments will now be shown, schematically only, in Figures 9 and 10 in conjunction with an alternative embodiment of the power tool showing a much simplified body portion design. Referring now to Figure 9 the power tool (202) again has a substantially D-shaped body portion (204) similar to that described in reference to Figures 1 through to 5. However, in the power tool (202) the batteries (226) are releaseably received within the rear portion (210) of the body (204). However, the basic internal working mechanism of the body (204) corresponds to that of the body (4) of Figures 1 through 5 and will not be described further. Furthermore, for this simplified embodiment, there is no lock-off mechanism shown and the attachment mechanism of the head to the tool body has been substantially simplified and is merely shown schematically. However, Figure 9 shows a tool head attachment (250) comprising a high speed rotary tool having a conventional drill chuck (252) directly driven by the motor output at a speed of approximately 15,000rpm without any gear reduction. Such high speed tools are commonly used by craftsmen for polishing, grinding, etching etc. Here the motor (220) again has a male cog attached to the motor spindle which is received within a female cog (304) of the tool head in a similar manner to that previously described. However, for this tool head design the female cog (304) is attached to the head drive spindle (302) which does not undergo any gear reduction but is used to directly drive the tool chuck (252). It will be appreciated that this drive mechanism may be incorporated into the tool head design as shown in Figure 6 to incorporate the connection system (52). Still further, Figure 10a shows the alternative schematic embodiment shown in Figure 9 but having a different tool head attachment (350) in the form of a nibbler. A nibbler is a cutting tool specifically designed for thin sheet materials such as cutting plastics material and linoleum and comprises a fixed cutting plate (351) rigidly attached to the tool head (350) and a cutting blade (353) which is driven by the drive mechanism of the head (350) in a vertical (linear) reciprocating motion so as to form a shearing action with the plate (351). Again in this embodiment (shown schematically) the motor (20) is connected via male and female cogs (as previously described) to the tool head drive mechanism which undergoes a dual gear reduction mechanism shown generally as (312) which employs a double gear reduction mechanism i.e. the rotary input to the tool head is passed to a conventional sun and planet gear reduction mechanism to provide a rotary output having a speed of approximately 3,000rpm with this output then driving a second planet, sun gear reduction mechanism to provide a final output speed of approximately 800rpm. Output of this second gear reduction mechanism then drives a conventional drive conversion mechanism for converting the rotary output to a linear reciprocating motion to operate the blade (353). This gear conversion mechanism is shown generally as (323) and will be briefly described with reference to Figure 10b. Figure 10b shows schematically the gear reduction and drive conversion mechanism of the nibbler head attachment (350) wherein the female cog member (304) is rotated by the motor output via the male cog member attached to the motor (220). This rotary motion is then passed through the gear reduction mechanism (312) to provide a rotary output (360) (Figure 10a). This rotary output (360) then drives a rotary disc (325) having an eccentric pin member (327) (Figure 10a) which is slidably received within a horizontal slot within the plate member (333). This plate member (333) is restrained by the casing of the head attachment (350) from rotary motion, thus as the pin (327) describes its rotary path, the pin will move freely in a horizontal motion within the plate (333) whilst the vertical displacement of the pin (327) is directly translated to vertical displacement in an oscillating motion of the plate member (333) which in turn provides a reciprocating vertical (linear) movement of the cutting blade (353). Again this is a conventional drive conversion mechanism for converting rotary to linear motion and is well documented in an engineering text book. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the particular embodiments of the tool head attachment described herein are by way of example only and merely serve to describe tool head attachments which employ (i) no gear reduction or drive conversion mechanisms, (ii) those which have simple gear reduction mechanisms and (iii) those which have both gear reduction and drive conversion mechanism for converting the rotary to non rotary output. Thus, a power tool system is provided which provides for a plurality of power tool functions having different output functions, all driven by a single speed motor. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the drive conversion mechanisms described with reference to the tool heads described herein are conventional and provided by way of example only. It will be appreciated that any conventional drive conversion mechanism for converting rotary to linear reciprocating motion may be used in place of those systems described herein. Furthermore, alternative gear reduction mechanisms may be utilised to replace the conventional sun and planet gear reduction mechanisms referred to for these particular embodiments. In addition, whilst the specific embodiments of the tool have referred to the power source as batteries, and such batteries may be conventional or rechargeable, it will also be appreciated that the present invention will relate to a power tool having a conventional mains input or for use with alternative heavy duty battery packs.

Claims: A power tool system (2) comprising a tool body (4) having a motor (20) with an axially extending rotary output spindle (24) and plurality of interchangeable tool heads (110, 120, 130) each for releasable connection with said body each tool head having axially extending input member so as to engage coaxially with said motor output spindle (24) wherein connection of one of the tool heads of the plurality to said body (4) will provide a power tool having one of a predetermined number of output speeds, and one of a rotary or non-rotary output and that interchanging said one tool head of the plurality with another tool head of said plurality will provide a power tool having either or both a different output speed and/or the other of a rotary or non-rotary output; characterised in that said tool body (4) having a first opening (22) substantially coaxial with said rotary output spindle (24), said tool body further including a channel (92) extending radially outwards from said first opening; each tool head (110, 120, 130) being releasably connectable to said tool body (4), wherein each tool head having first (56) and second (62) coaxial spigots, the first spigot (56) to be received within said first opening (22) in co-operating engagement therewith and said second spigot (62) to extend through said first opening (22) into the interior of the tool body when one of said tool heads is connected to said tool body, said first spigot (56) comprising a radially extending projection (94) for co-operating engagement with said channel (92) to orientate the tool head a predetermined orientation relative to the body; said second spigot (62) comprising a first restraining means (66) for releasable engagement with an internal second restraining means disposed within said tool body for restraining said tool head from axial displacement relative to said tool body. A power tool system as claimed in Claim 1, in which said first opening (22) is cylindrical. A power tool system as claimed in either of the preceding claims, in which said first restraining means comprises a channel formed on said spigot (62) and said second restraining means comprising at least one channel engaging member. A power tool system as claimed in Claim 3, in which said channel engaging member comprises a resiliently deflectable spring member. A power tool system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a shoulder portion (74) formed between a body portion (54) of the tool head and the first spigot (56) engages with an outer rim (76) of the tool body clam shell to restrain the tool head from further axial displacement towards the tool body. A power tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said second restraining means comprises an actuation member for manual displacement of said second restraining means into and out of engagement with said first restraining means. A power tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said output spindle (24) has 9 male cog (32) attachment and said second spigot (62) is hollow in order to receive said spindle cog (32). A power tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which said non-rotary output comprises linear reciprocating motion. A power tool system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which at least one of the tool heads of the plurality comprises a gear reduction mechanism. A power tool system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which said plurality of tool heads comprises at least one of a drill chuck and a high speed rotary tool and at least one of a reciprocating saw, a detail sander and a nibbler. A power tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which said tool body incorporates a lock-off mechanism to disable a power activation switch and none of the tool heads of the plurality are connected to the body wherein each of the tool heads of the plurality comprises actuating means to engage with and deactivate said lock-off mechanism when each tool head of the plurality is connected to the said body. A power tool system as claimed in Claim 11, in which at least one of the tool heads of the plurality comprises actuating means which automatically deactivate said lock-off switch. A power tool system as claimed in either Claim 11 or Claim 12, in which said lock-off mechanism comprises a pivotal member having one end biased into engagement with said power activation switch and an opposed then having a cam engaging surface for engagement with a cam surface on each of said tool heads of plurality. A power tool system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a power source is provided by a replaceable battery system incorporated within the tool body.

Inventors: BONE DANIEL, BONE, DANIEL
Applicants: BLACK & DECKER INC, BLACK & DECKER INC.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: B25F3
IPC codes: B25F3