Arrangement for an injection pump in an internal combustion engine

Abstract: An arrangement for an injection pump in an internal combustion engine, especially a large diesel engine, in which the injection pump (2) is provided with a pressure medium controlled feed control valve (11), the flow circuit of which includes a pressure medium source (14), from which pressure medium is pumped through a delivery duct (16a) into a feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a), which is provided with a non-return valve (23) and is connected to a pressure chamber (13) influencing the control valve (11) and to a spill passage (24) to be switched off by means of a solenoid valve (25), whereby closing of the solenoid valve (25) is arranged to provide a pressure increase in the pressure chamber (13) and, thus, a change of the state of the control valve (11). The feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) between the delivery duct (16a) and the control valve (11) is dimensioned to be relatively thin and long and is arranged at least to its main part to be a stationary part of the injection pump (2), of its supporting construction (3) or of a stationary construction unit to be attached to these. Hereby a compact assembly can be provided.

Description: This invention relates to an injection pump arrangement for an internal combustion engine, especially a large diesel engine, the arrangement being of the kind disclosed in the preamble of claim 1. In this specification a large diesel engine may typically comprise an engine used, for example, as a main propulsion engine or an auxiliary engine for ships or for producing electricity and/or heat energy in power plants. In order to control the operation of a fuel injection pump and to provide precise injection timing, it is advantageous to use a control valve controlled by a solenoid. Especially in the case where heavy fuel, which may cause clogging problems, is used, the control valve may comprise a spill valve, the operation of which is controlled by a separate pressure medium circuit provided with a solenoid valve so that pressure medium, such as oil, is continuously fed into the control valve and further into a spill passage. The injection of fuel is initiated by closing the solenoid valve, whereby the pressure medium remains in the feed duct between the solenoid valve, a non-return valve and the control valve and provides, due to suitable dimensioning of the feed duct, a pressure wave or "hammer pipe" effect which closes the control valve. The principles of operation of a known system of this kind are described, for example, in GB-A-2279706, which is hereby incorporated by reference for this part. An aim of the present invention is to provide an improved injection pump arrangement having a feed control valve for controlling an injection pump and pressure medium control means for controlling operation of the control valve making use of the pressure wave effect referred to above. An additional aim is to provide a construction which requires little space and which is easy to manufacture, install and service. A further aim is to provide an arrangement which can be adapted for controlling injection valves intended for different kinds of pressure mediums. A special aim is to enable the arrangement to be adapted for controlling injection valves for heavy fuel for use especially in large diesel engines. The aims of the invention can be met by an injection pump arrangement as claimed in claim 1 and the other claims. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an injection pump arrangement of the kind referred to which is characterised in that the feed duct between the delivery duct and the control valve is dimensioned to be relatively thin and long and is arranged at least in it main part to be a stationary part of the injection pump, a supporting structure of the injection pump or a stationary construction unit attached to the injection pump or the supporting structure. Thus the arrangement can be implemented without using separate long straight pipes which need space, are cumbersome to install and are prone to leakages. In practice the feed duct is, with advantage, dimensioned so that the volume of the pressure medium flow therethrough is from 5.5 to 16 1/min and the rate of flow of the pressure medium averages from 7 to 22 m/s depending on the dimensions in different parts of the feed duct. If a substantial part of the total length of the feed duct is designed to change direction continuously, e.g. to follow a curved, e.g. generally arcuate, course, or to change direction repeatedly e.g. in a zig-zag or sinuous manner, the feed duct can be arranged to have a compact form. A particularly advantageous design for the feed duct from the viewpoint of manufacture can be achieved if a substantial part of the feed duct is formed between two surfaces, at least one of which is grooved, for instance through milling. Advantageously the feed duct is substantially helical and is arranged between the boundary surfaces of two concentrically arranged cylindrical members. In this case it is sufficient for the feed duct to be formed, e.g. milled, only in either one of the confronting cylindrical surfaces of the cylindrical members. Alternatively, the feed duct may comprise a set of at least substantially linear parts which are joined together in the direction of flow by means of arcuate parts. In this case the feed duct would follow a tortuous path. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided an arrangement as claimed in the ensuing claims 8 and 9. A similar arrangement to that disclosed in claim 8 is disclosed in EP-A-0509804. In this known specification the injection pumps are supported and partly integrated into a console support of an engine. In the arrangement according to the invention the feed duct can with advantage be integrated so as to be part of an injection pump mounted on the console support. In order to prevent mixing of the pressure medium with the fuel to be injected, the inner part of the pipe element serves as a fuel duct inside of the fuel pipe, the feed duct being sealed from the fuel duct, preferably by means of ring seals. If the engine is provided with a separate feed rail, known as such, which extends in the direction of the console support, the delivery duct can with advantage be included in the feed rail to lead the pressure medium into the feed duct from a pressure medium container or from a corresponding pressure medium source. In this case the feed opening of the feed duct is arranged, with regard to the fuel injection pump, at the side of the feed rail. Thus the number of separate ducts and the joints related thereto can be kept to a minimum. For the same reason the body of the fuel injection pump supported to the console support is with advantage provided with bores for leading pressure medium from the part of the feed duct associated with the pipe element into the solenoid valve. The non-return valve can then also be arranged in the body of the fuel injection pump. Oil, especially engine oil, is advantageously used as the pressure medium. The oil can with advantage be led from the control valve through a separate passage into the vicinity of a roll follower in the fuel pump for providing extra lubrication before recovery and recirculation. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of an arrangement according to the invention showing part of one injection pump; and Figure 2 is a section taken on the line II-II of Figure 1. In the drawings reference numeral 1 indicates a so-called console support for use, especially, in large diesel engines. The console support can be a stationary part of a not-shown engine block or a unit to be separately mounted thereto and to which an injection pump is to be mounted for each cylinder in the engine block. For clarity the figures show only one injection pump 2 having a body 3 which includes, as a stationary part, a fuel feed pipe 4 and a fuel return pipe 5. The feed pipes for the separate injection pumps are connected together to form a uniform fuel feed pipe, for example in a way known from EP-A-0509804, from which fuel is separately led into each injection pump (not shown). By way of illustration, Figure 1 shows part of a fuel feed pipe 4' of an adjacent injection pump. Correspondingly, excessive fuel is led back for recirculation by means of successive return pipes connected together. The injection pump 2 includes a piston member 6 reciprocably movable inside the body 3. The movements of the piston member 6 are controlled by a roll follower 10, which receives its guidance from a cam shaft (not shown) and a pressure chamber 7, from which fuel is led through a duct 8 and a pipe 9 further into an injection nozzle (not shown) to be injected into a cylinder of the engine. Exact or precise timing for the injection is provided by using a feed control valve 11 which is located transversely relative to the duct 8. The operation of such an arrangement is apparent, for instance, from GB-A-2279706, and will not be described in more detail herein. The present invention relates specifically to the pressure medium flow circuit which controls the operation of the feed control valve 11. The flow circuit includes a pressure medium container 14, from which a pump 15 pumps pressure medium into a separate feed rail 16 (shown only schematically in Figure 1), which is supported to the console support 1 and which can be used to transfer different pressure mediums related to the engine and to its systems. From a duct 16a in the feed rail, the pressure medium is led further into each injection pump by feed ducts 17. As is apparent from the figures, the feed duct 17 provides a fixed or rigid connection between the duct 16a and a feed opening 18 in the body 3 of the injection pump and leads the pressure medium into a helical duct 20 arranged around the fuel duct 4a of the fuel feed pipe 4. From the duct 20 the pressure medium is further led through ducts 21 and 22, formed as bores in the body 3, through a duct 22a into a pressure chamber 13 which affect the control valve 11 and through a spill passage 24 for recirculation of the pressure medium. The spill passage 24 is arranged to lead the pressure medium into the vicinity of the roll follower 10 in the injection pump for providing extra lubrication before recovery. The duct 22 is provided with a non-return valve 23 and the passage 24 is provided with a solenoid valve 25. When the solenoid valve 25 closes, the pressure of the pressure medium increases in the portions of the ducts between the pressure chamber 13 and each of the valves 23 and 25 and causes the non-return valve 23 to close. Under the influence of pressure waves resulting therefrom, the pressure in the part 22a of the duct 22 and in the chamber 13 increases and moves a valve member 12 of the control valve to the right in Figure 1 into a position providing transfer of fuel from the chamber 7 via the duct 8 for injection into the cylinder of the engine. Correspondingly, opening of the solenoid valve 25 results in the pressure in chamber 13 reducing allowing the control valve 11 to move back to its original position under the action of a return spring. On movement of the valve back to its original position, the connection of the fuel through the duct 8 is switched to the normal fuel feed pressure thus ending at the same time injection of the fuel. The ducting connecting the pressure medium between the feed rail 16 and the chamber 13 of the control valve is relatively long and thin so that the kinetic energy of the flow is suitable in this part of the flow circuit to provide reliable operation of the control valve 11. For this reason and to minimise the use of space, the different connections, the ducts 20, 21, 22 and 22a and the passage 24 are integrated in the body 3 of the injection pump. The helical form of the duct 20 is of particular advantage from the viewpoint of both the flow and the use of space. In practice the duct 20 is formed by providing inside the feed pip 4 a separate tubular element 19 having a helical groove formed, e.g. by milling, in its external surface. The tubular element 19 is pressure tight and is sealed at both its ends from the actual fuel flow duct 4a by ring seals 25 and 27. When desired, the duct 20 can also be provided for 5 the fuel return pipe, especially if, instead of the feed pipe 4, the return pipe 5 is located closest to the feed rail 16. The helical groove may also or alternatively be formed, e.g. milled, in the inner surface of the feed pipe 4 or the return pipe 5. In the arrangement according to the invention, the volume of flow in the so-called "hammer-pipe" - i.e. the ducts 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 22a forming the feed duct - is typically in the order of form 5.5 to 16 1/min and the flow rates are in the average of from 7 to 22 m/s depending on the dimensions of the different pressure medium ducts. The arrangement ensures that if the pressure in the feed rail 16 is, for instance, in the order of from 15 to 20 bar, the pressure affecting the control valve increases so as to be in the order of from 80 to 100 bar after closing of the solenoid valve 25 and the non-return valve 23. Generally the hammer pipe functions provided that there is sufficient kinetic energy in the pipeline. Bearing this in mind, it is preferable that the ratio of the hammer pipe volume relative to the servo block or the duct part 22a should be of the order of from 9:1 to 12:1. Naturally, there are alternative solutions which allow the duct 20 to take up a relatively small space. For example, the duct 20 may be arranged in a separate unit for fixing to the body 3. It may also be designed in several different ways, for instance in loops which run back and forth in a generally tortuous path, so as not unduly to impede the desired flow of the pressure medium. Since the pressure medium which controls the operation of the valve 11 is advantageously oil, which forms a flow circuit that is independent of the fuel to be injected into the cylinder by the injection pump, the actual fuel used can, if required, be heavy fuel oil which, when also used to operate the control valve, could solidify, especially during interrupted operation of the engine, and impede the operation of the control valve. In addition to the injection of fuel, the arrangement can with advantage be adapted to control the feeding of other pressure mediums, such as water, liquified ammonia, urea or the like, possibly to be injected into the combustion chamber of a cylinder of an engine. The purpose of feeding these mediums is to affect the combustion process so that as a consequence thereof the creation of noxious substances like nitrogen oxides, NOx is reduced. The invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiment illustrated but several modifications are feasible within the scope of the accompanying claims.

Claims: An injection pump arrangement for an internal combustion engine, especially a large diesel engine, comprising an injection pump (2) provided with a feed control valve (11), and pressure medium control means for controlling operation of the control valve (11) and including a pressure medium source (14), a pressure chamber (13) influencing said control valve (11), duct means comprising a delivery duct (16a) and a feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a), provided with a non-return valve (23), and which is connected to the pressure chamber (13) and to a spill passage (24), a solenoid valve (25) for opening and closing said spill passage, and pump means (15) for pumping pressure medium from said source (14), through said delivery duct (16a) and said feed duct to the pressure chamber, the closing of the solenoid valve (25) being arranged to provide an increase in pressure in the pressure medium pumped into the pressure chamber (13) thereby causing a change in the state of control valve (11), characterised in that said feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) between the delivery duct (16a) and the control valve (11) is dimensioned to be relatively thin and long and is arranged at least in its main part to be either a stationary part of the injection pump (2), a supporting structure (3) of the injection pump (2) or a stationary construction unit attached to said injection pump or said supporting structure. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that said feed duct continually or repeatedly changes directions along a part, e.g. a major part, of its length. An arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) is dimensioned so that in use the volume of the pressure medium flow therethrough is from 5.5 to 16 1/min and the flow rates are average from 7 to 22 m/s depending on the dimensions of different parts of the feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a). An arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that at least part of the length of the feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) is of generally arcuate form so that the feed duct has a compact assembly. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) is defined along a part, e.g. a major part, of its length, between two confronting surfaces, at least one of which is shaped, e.g. by milling, to define the feed duct. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said feed duct (20) along a part of its length is substantially helical and is arranged between the boundary surfaces of two tubular elements (4,19) arranged coaxially inside one another. An arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that said feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) comprises a set of at least substantially linear parts, which are joined together in the direction of flow by arcuate parts. An injection pump arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims adapted to an internal combustion engine having several cylinders, the arrangement comprising a console support (1) of the engine, separate fuel injection pump (2) for the cylinders mounted successively on the console support and provided with the separate feed control valves (11), and a common fuel feed pipe (4,4') and a common fuel return pipe (5) for the fuel injection pumps, the pressure medium control means controlling operation of each of the control valves and including a separate pressure chamber (13), a separate spill passage and a separate solenoid valve (25) associated with each control valve, the duct means comprising a separate feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) from the delivery duct (16a) to each pressure chamber, whereby the pressure medium is arranged to be pumped by said pump means (15) through said delivery duct (16a) and said feed ducts into the pressure chambers (13) associated with each of the control valves (11). An injection pump arrangement according to claim 8, characterised in that a separate pipe element (19) is arranged within the fuel feed pipe (4) or within the fuel return pipe (5), which are included in the console support (1), so that a part (20) of the feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) for each control valve is arranged in a helical manner around the pipe element (19) at the boundary surface between the pipe element (19) and the fuel pipe (4,5) in question. An arrangement according to claim 9, characterised in that the inner part of said pipe element (19) serves as a fuel duct (4a) inside the fuel pipe (4) and in that said helical part (20) of the feed duct is sealed from the fuel duct (4a), preferably by means of ring seals (26,27). An arrangement according to claim 9, characterised in that said delivery duct (16a) is included in a separate feed rail (16), known as such and extending in the direction of the console support (1) and by means of which the pressure medium is arranged to be led from a common pressure medium source (14) into the feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) of each control valve, and in that the feed opening (18) of each feed duct (17,18,20,21,22,22a) is arranged with regard to its associated fuel injection pump (2) at the side of said feed rail (16). An arrangement according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the body (3) of each fuel injection pump (2) supported to the console support (1) is provided with bores (21,22,22a) for leading pressure medium from the part (20) of the feed duct associated with the pipe element (19) into the solenoid valve (25). An arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that each non-return valve (23) is arranged in the body (3) of its associated fuel injection pump. An arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that oil, especially engine oil, is utilised as the pressure medium, and in that , from the or each control valve (11), the oil is led through a separate passage (24) into the vicinity of a roll follower (10) in the fuel pump for providing extra lubrication before recovery and recirculation.

Inventors: JAY DAVID C, ROESGREN CARL-ERIK, VAARASTO MATTI, JAY, DAVID C., ROESGREN, CARL-ERIK, VAARASTO, MATTI, Rösgren, Carl-Erik
Applicants: WAERTSILAE TECH OY AB, WAERTSILAE TECHNOLOGY OY AB
Application year: 1998
Main classification: F02M59
IPC codes: F02D1, F02M59, F02M55