INNER BAG-TYPE PACKAGE HAVING PUMP DISPENSER WITH IMPROVED DIP TUBE

Abstract: Disclosed is an inner bag type package comprising: (a) an outer structure; (b) an inner bag (14) located inside the outer structure, the inner bag being filled with a contents and having a head space air (17); and (c) a pump dispenser (30) for dispensing the contents, the pump dispenser comprising a dip tube (34) extending into the interior of the inner bag and the dip tube comprising a hollow portion (36) and a tip portion (38) fitted within the hollow portion at the lowermost end of the hollow portion, wherein the dip tube has a suction position located at the lowermost end of the hollow portion. Further disclosed is such a package wherein the dip tube comprises a hollow portion wherein the lowermost end of the hollow portion is contoured and the dip tube has a suction position located at the contoured end.

Description: INNER BAG-TYPE PACKAGE HAVING PUMP DISPENSER WITH IMPROVED DIP TUBE FIELD The present invention relates to an inner bag-type package having a pump dispenser with an improved dip tube. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved dip tube that substantially eliminates dispensing of air concurrently with dispensed contents for shrinkable inner bag type packages. BACKGROUND Packages or bottles with pump dispensers for evacuation of a liquid contents contained within the package have previously been used and have been produced in various designs. One type of such a package design is generally referred to as an inner bag type package, which may be manufactured by a co-extrusion blow molding process, or may be of other constructions. Such packages are generally comprised of a rigid or essentially rigid outer container structure with a plastically shrinkable, flexible bag contained within the outer container structure. The inner bag is filled with a contents and a pump dispenser is inserted into the interior of the inner bag. A certain amount of head space air also exists in the inner bag, to accommodate manufacturing requirements during filling, e.g., to prevent overfill or to comply with regulatory standards. The pump dispenser is sealingly fitted to the outer package mouth, e.g., by a screw-on or a snap-on cap. With each press of the pump head, a certain amount of the contents is pumped up, the inner bag shrinks in volume, and the filled content leaves the inner bag under the effect of a pressure drop. See e.g., Japanese Laid-open publications H4-339759, H5-77345, H4-115114, H5-310265, H5- 213372, H5-213373, H6-18217, H6-27523, and European Publication No. 0 182 094 A2. Such inner bag type packages are desirably used to contain and dispense liquid or lotion type products such as hair shampoo, hair conditioner, hand soap, body shampoo, and cosmetic lotions, and are especially desirable for dispensing products of relatively high viscosity. However, it has been found that the currently available inner bag-type packages have a disadvantage in that air (i.e., the head space air) contained in the inner bag may be concurrently dispensed along with the product when the pump head is pressed. In some cases, when the pump head is pressed, air alone is dispensed without any product being dispensed. Consumers generally expect that such concurrent dispensing of air and contents may occur toward the end of the package usage cycle when most of the contents have already been dispensed for use, but in the currently available inner bag-type packages it can occur at unexpected times during the usage life of the pump package. This aeration phenomena, commonly referred to as "sputtering", is negatively perceived by consumers who purchase the products contained in such packages, as it appears to be an arbitrary occurrence that is rather inconvenient when it is apparent that a large amount of the product remains in the package. Or, they may believe that the pump is broken or otherwise defective. Non-inner bag type packages with pump dispensers have also previously been provided. This type of package is generally comprised of a rigid or semirigid outer container structure directly filled with a contents for dispensing; there is no inner bag. This type of package typically provides much less sputtering, which tends to occur only toward the end of the package's cycle life when there - is a small amount of the contents left, as is generally expected by consumers. However, non-inner bag type packages have certain disadvantages: it is difficult to fully evacuate as much of the contents as can be evacuated with an inner bag type package; products of relatively high viscosity are difficult to evacuate as compared to an inner bag type package; and contamination of the contents is more likely to occur than in an inner bag type package, because an air vent must be provided within the pump structure of the non-inner bag type package. Thus, there remains a desire to provide an inner bag type package with a pump dispenser that provides ready and uniform evacuation of the contents contained in the package, while sputtering is substantially eliminated throughout most of the package usage cycle. None of the existing art provides all of the advantages and benefits of the present invention. SUMMARY The present invention relates to an inner bag type package comprising: (a) an outer structure; (b) an inner bag located inside the outer structure, the inner bag being filled with a contents and having a head space air; and (c) a pump dispenser for dispensing the contents, the pump dispenser comprising a dip tube extending into the interior of the inner bag and the dip tube comprising a hollow portion and a tip portion fitted within the hollow portion at the lowermost end of the hollow portion, wherein the dip tube has a suction position located at the lowermost end of the hollow portion. The present invention further relates to such a package wherein the dip tube comprises a hollow portion wherein the lowermost end of the hollow portion is contoured and the dip tube has a suction position located at the contoured end. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the invention will become evident to those skilled in the art from a reading of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the present invention will be better understood from the following description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1a is a simplified, partial cut-away side view of a conventional inner bag type package with a pump dispenser; Fig. 1b is a perspective view of a portion of the dip bar of the pump dispenser shown in Fig. 1a; Fig. 2 is a simplified, partial cut-away side view of a preferred embodiment of the inner bag type package with improved pump dispenser of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the dip tube of the pump dispenser shown in Fig. 2; Figs. 4a and 4b are end views of other preferred embodiments of the dip tube of the pump dispenser of the present invention; Figs. 5a-c are partial side views of additional preferred embodiments of the dip tube of the pump dispenser of the present invention; Figs. 6a-c are representative graphs showing dispensing profiles of dosage amount versus dispensing time for conventional inner bag type packages with pump dispenser; Figs. 7a-c are representative graphs showing dispensing profiles of dosage amount versus dispensing time for preferred embodiments of the inner bag type packages with improved pump dispenser of the present invention; and Figs. 8a-c are representative graphs showing dispensing profiles of dosage amount versus dispensing times for conventional non-inner bag type packages with pump dispenser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to Fig. 1a, there is shown a conventional inner bag type package 10. The package 10 is generally comprised of a rigid or essentially rigid outer container structure 12, a plastically deformable and shrinkable inner bag 14 located inside of the outer structure 12, and a pump 16. The outer structure 12 may be desirably made, for example, from a molded thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene. Likewise, the inner bag 14 may desirably be made from molded thermoplastic resins such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or nylon. The inner bag 14 is placed inside the outer structure 12 in a non-laminated manner. The inner bag 14 may further be secured by an adhesive seam (not shown) along one side of the outer structure 12 from the neck area to the base. Such a package may desirably be manufactured by a co- extrusion blow molding process, see, e.g., European Publication No. 0 182 094 A2, or may be of other constructions. Fig. 1a shows a portion of the outer structure 12 cut away so that the inner bag 14 is visible. The inner bag 14 is a shrinkable bag that is filled with a liquid contents 15 desired for dispensing. For example, the contents 15 may be a hair care product such as a shampoo, a conditioner, or a hair treatment product, or may be a liquid soap, body shampoo, or other cosmetic lotion, or any other lotion or liquid desired to be dispensed. In general, inner bag type dispensing packages are particularly advantageous for use when the contents 14 also contains a certain amount of head space air 17. The pump 16 is generally comprised of a nozzle portion 16a, a cap portion 16b that is generally screw-fitted to a neck area of the outer structure 12, a tank 16c, and a dip bar 16d. There are also several components located in the inside of the pump 16, such as a spring, two sealing parts, and a stem. These inner components are not shown in the Figures for ease of reference, and they may be chosen and assembled in any manner known to those of skill in the art. The tank 16c and the dip bar 16d extend into the interior of the inner bag 14. The contents 15 are dispensed for use when the pump head 16e is pressed. When some of the contents are desired to be dispensed, the user presses down on the pump head 16e with a pressing force "P" as indicated in Fig. 1a. This pressing force P creates a certain degree of suction in the inner bag 14. In general, a fixed volume of the contents 15 should be dispensed for each press of the pump head 16e. For example, when the contents 15 is a hair shampoo, generally about 3.2 ± 0.5 grams per press is a suitable amount. For cosmetics, a lesser amount may be desirable. In the conventional structure shown in Fig. 1a, the suction position 18 at which the contents 15 actually travel from inside the bag 14 in a generally upward direction into the tank 16c of the pump 16 (and ultimately out of the package through the nozzle 16a as a result of the pressing force P) is located at about the mid-height of the outer structure 12 of the package 10. As will be explained in greater detail below, this location of the suction position 18 is believed to be the cause of the sputtering problems that exist in the conventional inner bag type packages. The dip bar 16d of the conventional inner bag type package 10 is partially shown in perspective view in Fig. 1b. See, e.g., Japanese Laid-open publications H5-319467, H5-319468, and H6-49353. From Fig. 1b, it can be seen that the dip bar 16d is not provided with any internal space through which the contents 15 are drawn up by the suction created from the pressing force P. Instead, the dip bar 16d generally has the shape of a cross bar and is provided with channels, e.g., 20a-d. These channels 20a-d of the dip bar 16d effectively permit the contents 15 to flow up within the channels 20a-d and into the tank 16c even as the inner bag 14 shrinks in volume. The channels 20a-d are intended to prevent closing off of the suction as the inner bag 14 shrinks due to the contents 15 being dispensed for use. A disadvantage of the conventional package design 10 as shown in Figs. 1a and 1b is that after a certain amount of the contents 15 has been dispensed from the package 10, head space air 17 in addition to contents 15 is dispensed. It may also occur that head space air 17 only and no contents 15 is dispensed. This aeration is commonly referred to as "sputtering". Thus, little or no evacuation of the contents 15 (i.e., the product that the consumer is trying to dispense for use) may occur, even though it is apparent that the package still contains much of the contents. Many consumers feel that the occurrence of such aeration or sputtering is rather inconvenient and arbitrary. In addition, many consumers tend to have a negative perception of packages that experience sputtering and may further believe that the pump is defective or broken. Such negative perceptions may even influence the consumer's future purchases. In the conventional inner bag type packages such as those shown in Figs. 1a and 1b, sputtering typically begins to occur when level of the contents 15 remaining in the package 10 reaches about the level of the suction position 18. As the level of the contents 15 decreases, the volume of the inner bag 14 decreases, and the level of the head space air 17 moves down toward the suction position 18. The level of the head space air 17 continues to move downwardly toward the base 42 of the package as more and more of the contents 15 is dispensed. This downward movement of the level of the head space air 17 permits some head space air 17 to be dispensed along with the -contents 15. Thus, the sputtering continues to occur until all of the head space air 17 is evacuated. In effect, once the sputtering has started, sputtering will continue for the remainder of the time that the consumer uses that particular package. See Figures 6a-c for graphic illustration of this effect.. The pump dispenser 30 of the present invention substantially eliminates the problems of sputtering. As shown in Fig. 2, the dip tube 34 is generally comprised of two portions, a hollow portion 36 extending downwardly toward the base 42 of the package 40 from the tank 30c, and a tip portion 38. The hollow portion 36 functions to delay the sputtering due to the downwardly moving level of the head space air 17, while the tip portion 38 functions to prevent the closing off of the suction by the shrinking of the inner bag 14 that results as the contents 15 is dispensed. As in the conventional package, the tank 30c and the dip tube 34 extend into the interior of the inner bag 14. The location of the suction position 32 is located at the lowermost end 37 of the hollow portion 36 of the dip tube 34, i.e., it is located toward the base 42 of the package 40 rather than at about the midpoint of the package. Unlike the conventional dip bar 16d, the dip tube 34 of the present invention is hollow and permits the contents 15 to be drawn through (i.e., inside of) it for delivery to the tank 30c and eventual evacuation from the package 40 via the nozzle 30a. Preferably, the suction position 32 is located at a position corresponding to the level of contents present when less than about half of the overflow volume of the package remains in the package. The term "overflow volume" refers to the filled volume of contents plus the volume of head space air plus the volume of the inside pump dispenser. The overflow volume for particular package designs may vary, based on the actual design parameters (e.g., size, shape, configuration) of the package. Thus, the exact location of the suction position relative to the base 42 of the package 40 may vary. A preferred embodiment of the tip portion 38 and the hollow portion 36 of the dip tube 34 of the present invention may be more clearly seen in Fig. 3. The tip portion 38 is fitted into the lowermost end 37 of the dip tube 34. The tip portion 38 is preferably provided with channels 39a-d. These channels 39a-d allow the tip portion 38 to effectively work to ensure that the contents smoothly pass into the dip tube 34 via the suction force even though the inner bag 14 is shrinking with each dispensed dosage of the contents 15. Thus, when the pump dispenser 30 of the present invention is used in an inner bag type package, sputtering is substantially eliminated throughout most of the package usage cycle. This is due to the fact that substantially no head space air 17 has the chance to enter into the dip tube 34 along with the contents 15 when the pump head 30e is pressed for dispensing, until at least the level of the contents 15 in the package has reached about the level of the suction position 32, located at the lowermost end 37 of the hollow portion 36 of the dip tube 34. Thus, the packages 40 of the present have substantially uniform dispensing profiles until at least about the initial occurrence of aeration or sputtering. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is believed that the initial aeration or sputtering does not substantially occur until most, i.e. at least over 50%, of the contents have been dispensed to the consumer. Figs. 4a and 4b show end views of other preferred embodiments of configurations for the tip portion 38 of the present invention. However, it should be understood that many other configurations of the tip portion are possible without losing the advantage of non-sputtering, and these are within the scope of the present invention. Fig. 5a-c show other preferred embodiments of the dip tube 34 of the present invention. In these embodiments, there is no separate tip portion 38. Instead, the lowermost end 37 of the dip tube 34 is itself a contoured end 35. The contoured end 35 may be made by any suitable process, for example by cutting, molding, forming, shaping, stamping, or by any other means known to those of skill in the art. The contoured end 35 may be configured, for example, with a square shape 35a, a wave shape 35b, or a zigzag shape 35c. It will be understood that many other configurations of the contoured end 35 are possible and are within the scope of the present invention. A comparison of the dispensing profiles shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is useful for an understanding of the benefits of the present invention. Figs. 6a-c graphically illustrate dispensing profiles of each dosage amount versus dispensing times for exemplary conventional inner bag type packages with pump dispensers. Figs. 7a-c graphically illustrate dispensing profiles of each dosage amount versus dispensing times for exemplary inner bag type packages having pump dispensers according to the present invention. Referring to Figs. 6a-c, dispensing profiles for a hair conditioner contents contained in 500g conventional inner bag packages with pump dispenser are shown. The x axis refers to the dispensing times. More specifically, x=1 corresponds to the first time that the pump head is pressed for the purpose of dispensing some of the contents for use, x=25 corresponds to the twenty-fifth pressing of the pump head, etc. The y axis refers to amount to contents actually dispensed, in grams, per one pressing of the pump head. For the subject 500g package containing hair conditioner, about 3.2 grams is the target dose of dispensed product per one pressing of the pump head. About 180 dispensing presses for such a 500g size inner bag package is typical. Referring to Fig. 6a, for the package sample represented, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 99 times dispensing or at about the 99 th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 36.90% of the conditioner in the package. For the package sample represented in Fig. 6b, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 74 times dispensing or at about the 74 th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 52.10% of the conditioner in the package. For the package sample represented in Fig. 6c, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 67 times dispensing or at about the 67th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 56.92% of the conditioner in the package. In contrast, Figs. 7a-c show representative dispensing profiles for preferred embodiments of 500g inner bag type packages with improved pump dispensers according to the present invention and containing hair conditioner. From these figures, it can be seen that undesirable sputtering is substantially eliminated. It can be seen that the dispensing profiles are substantially uniform until at least about the initial occurrence of aeration or sputtering, which occurs at a later point in the package usage cycle than in the conventional inner bag packages represented in Fig. 6. It can be seen that the initial occurrence of aeration does not substantially occur until at least over 50%, more preferably at least over 30%, of the contents has been dispensed. Still more preferably, the initial occurrence of aeration does not substantially occur until about 10-15% or less of the contents remains in the package. Referring to Fig. 7a, for the package sample represented, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 153 times dispensing or at about the 153rd press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 8.37% of the conditioner in the package. For the package sample represented in Fig. 7b, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 152 times dispensing or at about the 152nd press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 7.21% of the conditioner in the package. For the package sample represented in Fig. 7c, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 146 times dispensing or at about the 146th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 8.89% of the conditioner in the package. As can be observed in Figs. 6 and 7, even for packages of the same size and containing the same contents, the exact dispensing profile of a particular package will vary based on the particular package being observed. This is due to factors such the actual design of the package, manufacturing tolerances, the cross sectional area of the body of the package (e.g., uniform or non-uniform), the exact location of the suction position for the given package design and height, and the material from which the inner bag is made. In addition, the product flow characteristics of the particular contents contained in the package is a key factor in the dispensing profile of that package. Regarding the profiles shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the measured package designs incorporate a uniform cross sectional area from package shoulder to package base, the contents has a viscosity of about 20,000 cps, the inner bag material is nylon, and the suction position for the conventional packages (Fig. 6) is at about half the height of the package while the suction position for the preferred embodiments of the present invention (Fig. 7) is at the lowermost end of the dip tube. The dispensing profiles for the conventional inner bag packages shown in Figs. 6a-c show that the initial sputtering/aeration occurs while a large quantity of the product still remains in the package. In some cases, air only may be continuously dispensed for consecutive presses of the pump head, as represented by the data points at which y=0. In some cases, continued sputtering may occur until almost all of the head space air is evacuated. The examples shown in Fig. 7 illustrate that the amount of product remaining at initial aeration is significantly less than that of the conventional packages represented in Fig. 6. And, until at least the point of initial aeration, the dispensing profile is substantially uniform, indicating the absence of arbitrary and undesirable sputtering. Figs. 8a-c show representative dispensing profiles for conventional non- inner bag type packages having conventional pump dispensers. This type of conventional package differs from the inner bag-type package in that its overall structure includes a semi-rigid outer structure directly filled with a contents, i.e., there is no inner bag. With these types of conventional packages, pump dispensers provided with hollow dip tubes have been used. However, the overall package structure is significantly different from that of the inner bag type package and does not provide certain advantages that are provided by the inner bag type packages. For example, the non-inner bag type packages must include an air vent in the structure of the pump dispenser to prevent the outer structure from shrinking as the contents are dispensed. Water or other contaminants may enter into the interior of this type of package through the air vent. In the inner bag type packages, an air vent is also useful to prevent the outer structure from shrinking, but it is typically provided as a small slit in the base 42 of the outer structure and not as a part of the pump structure. There is no need to put an air vent in the pump dispenser of the inner bag type package, and the risk of contamination is substantially eliminated. When compared to inner-bag type packages, the known non-inner bag packages typically experience initial aeration or sputtering when there is about 10-15% of the contents remaining in the package, depending on the viscosity of the particular contents in the package. After the point of initial aeration it is typically difficult if not impossible to evacuate the remainder of the contents. With inner bag type packages, typically up to about 3% of the contents can readily be evacuated. A further advantage of the inner bag type package over the non-inner bag type package is that products of higher viscosity can readily be evacuated. For example, up to about 95% of a contents having a viscosity of 20,000 cps can typically be evacuated from an inner bag type package, whereas only about 70% of such a contents could typically be evacuated from a non-inner bag type package. The foregoing characteristics of the non-inner bag type bottle may be graphically described in Fig. 8. Referring to Fig. 8a, for the package sample represented, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 126 times dispensing or at about the 126th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 12.69% of the conditioner in the package. For the package sample represented in Fig. 8b, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 130 times dispensing or at about the 130 th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 13.73% of the conditioner in the package. For the package sample represented in Fig. 8c, the initial aeration or sputtering occurs at 127 times dispensing or at about the 127 th press of the pump head. At that point, there remains about 14.18% of the conditioner in the package. Based on the foregoing, it can be seen that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are advantageous over both the conventional inner bag package design and the conventional non-inner bag package design. The preferred embodiments herein provide ready evacuation of products, especially those of higher viscosity, while substantially eliminating the problem of arbitrary sputtering, until at least about the initial aeration point. Yet another advantage of the preferred embodiments of the present invention can be observed if the user unscrews the cap portion of the pump from the outer structure of the package, which allows air to enter the inner bag, thus increasing the amount of head space air inside the inner bag. In the conventional inner bag type package, once the user re-seals the pump to the package by screwing the cap back on, he or she must generally press down the pump head many times to re-start the product flow. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the product flow will quickly re-start even after the cap has been removed and additional air has entered the inner bag. EXAMPLES The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All measurements referred to herein are made at 25°C. From the foregoing examples, it can be seen that sputtering does not occur until at least over 50%, and preferably greater than over 50%, of the product has been dispensed from the package, and that the initial incidence of sputtering occurs with a relatively low quantity of the contents remaining in the package. The embodiments disclosed and represented by the previous examples provide the consumer advantage of substantially eliminating the problem of random sputtering, which in the previously known inner bag type packages occurs even with a large amount of the contents remaining in the package. The package and dip tube of the present invention further provides more convenient and uniform product dispensing. All cited references are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Citation of any reference is not an admission regarding any determination as to its availability as prior art to the claimed invention. Herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other components which do not affect the end result can be added. This term encompasses the terms "consisting of and "consisting essentially of." It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to one of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A inner bag type package comprising: (a) an outer structure; (b) an inner bag located inside the outer structure, the inner bag being filled with a contents and having a head space air; and (c) a pump dispenser for dispensing the contents, the pump dispenser comprising a dip tube extending into the interior of the inner bag and the dip tube comprising a hollow portion and a tip portion fitted within the hollow portion at the lowermost end of the hollow portion, wherein the dip tube has a suction position located at the lowermost end of the hollow portion. 2. The package of claim 1 wherein the tip portion of the dip tube is provided with channels. 3. The package of claim 1 wherein the package has a dispensing profile that is substantially uniform until at least about the initial occurrence of aeration. 4. The package of claim 3 wherein the initial occurrence of aeration does not substantially occur until at least over 50% of the contents have been dispensed from the inner bag. 5. A inner bag type package comprising: (a) an outer structure, (b) an inner bag located inside the outer structure, the inner bag being filled with a contents and having a head space air; and (c) a pump dispenser for dispensing the contents, the pump dispenser comprising a dip tube extending into the interior of the inner bag and the dip tube comprising a hollow portion wherein the lowermost end of the hollow portion is contoured and the dip tube has a suction position located at the contoured end. 6. The package of claim 5 wherein the package has a dispensing profile that is substantially uniform until at least about the initial occurrence of aeration. 7. The package of claim 6 wherein initial occurrence of aeration does not substantially occur until at least over 50% of the contents have been dispensed from the inner bag. 8. The package of claim 1 or claim 5 wherein the package has an overflow volume and the suction position is located at a position corresponding to a level of the contents present when less than about half of the overflow volume of the package remains in the package. 9. An improved pump dispenser for inner bag type packages comprising a dip tube for extending into the interior of the inner bag, the dip tube comprising a hollow portion and a tip portion fitted within the hollow portion at a lowermost end of the hollow portion, wherein the dip tube has a suction position located at the lowermost end of the hollow portion. 10. An improved pump dispenser for inner bag type packages comprising a dip tube for extending into the interior of the inner bag, the dip tube comprising a hollow portion wherein the lowermost end of the hollow portion is contoured and the dip tube has a suction position located at the contoured end.

Inventors: BAIRD JAMES CLARK, FURUMICHI HIROSHI, HATTORI TOMOKAZU, TADLE RAMON AVELLANA, BAIRD, JAMES, CLARK, FURUMICHI, HIROSHI, HATTORI, TOMOKAZU, TADLE, RAMON, AVELLANA
Applicants: BAIRD JAMES CLARK, FURUMICHI HIROSHI, HATTORI TOMOKAZU, PROCTER & GAMBLE, TADLE RAMON AVELLANA, BAIRD, JAMES, CLARK, FURUMICHI, HIROSHI, HATTORI, TOMOKAZU, TADLE, RAMON, AVELLANA, THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
Application year: 1998
Main classification: B05B11
IPC codes: B05B11, B05B15, B65D83