TELEVISION

Abstract: An arrangement for the control of viewing of a television programme in which a classification code is transmitted with the video signal, for example in an extension packet of a teletext signal, includes a decoder (23) which detects the received codes and passes them to a microcontroller (27). An authorised user is able to enter codes of permitted programme classifications by means of a remote control unit (28). Codes representing these permitted classifications are stored in a non-volatile memory (29). The received and permitted codes are compared in the microcontroller (27) which inhibits the video (25) and/or audio (32) circuits if the received codes are not permitted codes. An indication means (38) is provided which indicates whether classification codes are being received and detected.

Description: DESCRIPTION TELEVISION The invention relates to television receivers including means for enabling the inhibition of television programme display in dependence on the programme content. A law has been passed in the USA which requires that all television receivers having a display above a certain size sold from 1998 will have to have a means of enabling parents to prevent children from viewing coded programmes containing violence, sex, and bad language. A so called "V-chip" is proposed which will monitor a code transmitted with the television signal and disable the television receiver when the code indicates forbidden programme material including scenes of violence, sex or other matter which might be considered objectionable by some audiences or unsuitable for children. In the US V-chip system, the broadcaster rates each programme in four censorship categories. The values for each category are then transmitted simultaneously as part of the extended data services (EDS) of the Closed Captioning (CC) system. The values are transmitted for as long as the programme is on the air. Using an access control mechanism, the parent sets a threshold for each category. If a rating exceeds the pre-authorised value, the V-chip; suppresses the video and audio signals. As the reaction of the V-chip decoder is near instantaneous, the system can easily handle channel hopping. Moreover, the parent does not have to worry about missing content warnings in TV guides or at the start of programmes. The Electronic Industries Association (EIA) defines the four censorship categories and the number of data bits required to transmit the code: • MPAA rating (equivalent to film classifications, e.g. 18, PG, etc.) - 3 bits violence content advisory level - 2 bits (which allows for a scale of 0 to 3) sexual content advisory level - 2 bits mature content advisory level - 2 bits. The same principles apply to a system being field-tested in Canada but, at present, the two are not identical. All American TV sets built after July 1993 had to include a CC decoder to provide subtitling. Current CC decoders (such as the SAA5252 decoder sold by Philips Semiconductors) are capable of blanking out the TV picture when switched into full-text mode. They also have adequate display features to generate an OSD menu so that parents can program the censorship thresholds. Unlike teletext, CC data can be recorded and reproduced by a VHS VCR during play-back of a programme. Thus recorded and pre-recorded tapes could also contain censorship data. In Europe, the question of implementing a V-chip type system is altogether more complex than North America. The broadcasters are not regulated by a single government, and cultural and language differences mean variance in acceptable moral standards. Then there are the technical issues of coping with a 625-line TV system that has little spare capacity for extra data signals. The obvious solution is to use the American system but this has some disadvantages. First, for broadcasters, the CC signal would occupy valuable teletext transmission capacity (one line would be permanently lost) and different encoding systems would be required Secondly, it would be very expensive for broadcasters in terms of the duplicate transmission equipment and data bridges (in cable amplifiers) required for both teletext and CC signals. Thirdly, consumer electronics manufacturers would have additional overheads in providing teletext and CC decoding in every TV set and PC TV card. The concept of enabling a parent to control viewing of a television receiver using information transmitted by the broadcaster is not new and was proposed in W083/02208 published on 23rd June 1983. In that document it is proposed that a code is sent via the teletext signal transmitted with the television signal, the code being formed as a selected row number of a given teletext page. Thus the page number and row number is transmitted in the field blanking period on the occurrence of a possibly offensive event. At the receiver a teletext decoder is permanently set to look for the relevant page and identify the row number as and when transmitted. The particular row numbers indicated particular gradings of sound and vision events. Various other means to convey the code have been proposed which involve the use of PDC signals and wide screen signalling signals as disclosed in our co-pending UK patent application No. 9703192.6 (PHB34135). All these arrangements require a parent, or other responsible person, to enter the appropriate codes into the television receiver and/or video recorder. Where a set is being used only by a child whose access to particular types of programme is to be restricted these codes can be entered and then no further action on the part of the parent is necessary. Where, however, different members of the family may be viewing the television set at different times of the day the programme classification appropriate for one member of the family may not be appropriate for other members of the family. This means that frequent entry of different classification codes may be required and this imposes a considerable burden on the responsible person. For example it may be necessary to reset the classification code to the lowest level every time the television set was switched off to ensure that material unsuitable for a child did not become inadvertently available. A consequence of this is that such a system may not be properly used unless the parent is extremely conscientious. It is an object of the invention to enable an editorial function to be exercised over the output of a television receiver by a parent or other person in authority over that receiver and to enable an easy monitoring of whether a classification code is being detected by the receiver. The invention provides a television receiver including means for enabling an authorised person to disable the sound and/or visual display of a received programme according to a classification code received with the television programme, the television receiver comprising means for establishing 5 the authorization of the authorised person, non-volatile memory means for storing a set of classification codes entered by the authorised person each set of codes being valid at times entered by the authorised person, means for receiving and detecting classification codes multiplexed with the received television signal, means for comparing the set of classification codes with the ι o received classification codes, and means for disabling the sound and/or visual display in dependence on the result of the comparison, wherein the television receiver further includes means for indicating that classification codes are currently being received and detected. This facility has a number of possible uses. It will enable a watch to be 15 kept on whether received programmes are in fact classified. This may be particularly useful when the service is initially introduced since the various broadcasters may start to classify their programmes at different dates and may initially not classify all programmes. For example they may use a combination of classifying some programmes and restricting transmission of others to a 20 particular time of day. It may also serve as a reminder that non-broadcast programme sources, for example video tapes or video discs may not be classified or, in the case of VHS video tapes, the classification code may be obliterated by the recording and playback process. Thus having an indication of whether the classification codes are being detected it is possible to monitor 25 whether possibly undesirable programme sources are being received and viewed. The indicating means may comprise an indicator lamp which may be a light emitting diode. 30 Such an indicating means may be continually illuminated while classification codes are being received and this allows parents to quickly ensure that their children are not watching a television set tuned to an unclassified programme source by merely glancing at the indicator on the television set. As an alternative or in addition the indicating means may comprise an on screen display shown instead of or in conjunction with the television picture. By using an on screen display a more comprehensive indication of the classification codes can be given. That is, it can not only be shown that classification codes are currently being received, but also what those codes are. Thus the display will show the classification of the programme and this may be used to ensure that the desired levels are not being exceeded through either incorrect entry of the classification code by the authorised person or any subsequent corruption of that code, for example because a PIN had been compromised and an unauthorised person had changed the code using the compromised PIN. The on screen display may be shown in mixed mode with the picture and/or in a window in the television picture. This enables the received classification codes to be displayed without obliterating the picture and thus causes less disturbance to the viewers. The on-screen display may be called up by a single button on a remote control unit and/or the television receiver cabinet. It will not normally be necessary for display of the received codes to be restricted to the authorised user and consequently a single button operation enables a fast and easy accessing of the on screen display. The above and other features and advantages of the invention will be illustrated by and be apparent from the following description, by way of example, of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 shows a television system for carrying out a method for enabling the inhibition of television programme display in dependence on the programme content. Figure 2 shows in block schematic form a television programme source for use in the system of Figure 1. Figure 3 shows a scheme for code words for classifying programmes, the code words being inserted into a teletext extension packet. Figure 4 shows in block schematic form a television receiver according to the invention. Figure 5 illustrates a process for programming the television receiver to enable classification codes to be entered into memory. Figure 6 illustrates possible on-screen display messages when the receiver is receiving programmes, and Figure 7 illustrates an on screen display illustrating the performance of the invention. While the following description is of a method and apparatus in which the programme classification codes are transmitted and received by means of teletext extension packets the present invention is independent of the method of transportation of these codes and of the actual classification codes to be used. Thus the codes may be transmitted in, inter alia, any of the ways mentioned herein. The following embodiment is merely one way of implementing the invention. Figure 1 is a block schematic diagram of a system in which methods according to the invention may be carried out. The system shown in Figure 1 comprises a television signal source 1 , a television transmission medium 2, and a plurality of television receivers 3-1 to 3-n. The television signal programme source may be a normal television broadcast equipment, either terrestrial broadcast or satellite broadcast or could be the programme source for a cable television network. The television programme source includes a teletext inserter and means for entering programme classification codes into an extension packet of the teletext signal. The transmission medium 2 may take any convenient form for example it could be radio waves as broadcast by a terrestrial transmitter or a satellite transmitter or could be a cable network for a cable TV system. The television receivers 3-1 to 3-n are connected to the programme source via the transmission medium 2. A further possible programme source 1 is a video tape or disc on which a programme is recorded for replay by a video tape recorder or a video disc player in which the case the transmission link 2 may be simply the tape recorder or disc player and a cable connecting the tape recorder or disc player to the television receiver. An embodiment of a television signal programme source suitable for use in this system is shown in block schematic form in Figure 2. The television programme source comprises a source of video and audio signals 10 which may for example be a television camera whose video output is fed via a teletext inserter 11 to a transmission network 12. The audio output from the television signal source 10 is fed via a line 13 to a further input of the transmission network 12. A conventional teletext editing system 14 is connected to the teletext inserter 11 and has a further input which is fed from a TV access control equipment 15. The TV access control equipment 15 is arranged to insert into an extension packet of the teletext signal code words classifying the content of the television programme being created by the signal source 10. The TV access control equipment 15 has a first input 16 which receives data from a TV programme scheduling system. This data will for example provide an overall indication of the content of the programme which can be used to inhibit display of that programme at a receiver. The information may for example define the levels of violence, sexual content, mature language or distressing content which may occur in the programme. The TV access control equipment 15 has a second input 17 which receives data from pre-recorded material. Pre-recorded material may already include the coding to indicate the type of content present in the programme and may also include instantaneous data to classify particular events during a programme. A keyboard or other input device 18 is connected to a further input of the TV access control equipment 15. This is to enable an operator to insert appropriate classification codes into a live programme. It is of course necessary to delay the actual transmission of the programme by a short period so that there is time for the operator to enter the appropriate codes at the appropriate times. Such transmission delays are well known for live programmes to enable the broadcasting authority to cut out any undesirable occurrences. For example in live phone in programmes to cut out any libellous or obscene comments made by a person phoning in. The codes generated by the TV access control equipment 15 or received by it and passed to the teletext editing system are then inserted into an extension packet of the teletext signal. In particular they may be inserted into selected bytes of the packet 8/30 format 1. Figure 3 shows the content of packet 8/30 format 1 modified to enable the invention to be carried out. Thus it comprises a clock run in period and framing code and bytes containing information identifying it as packet 8/30, as format 1 , defining an initial page, a network identity, a time offset, modified Julian date and coordinated universal time. There are then four bytes available which are, according to the invention, used to transmit classification codes for the programme. There are then further bytes defining status display. Four bytes give essentially 32 bits which may be used for encoding data. It is desirable that the classification codes are sent reliably since it would be extremely annoying to a viewer if the programme was interrupted because of faulty reception of the classification codes. This error protection will of course reduce the number of data bits available for encoding the classification codes. In an embodiment according to the invention these four bytes are used to transmit 16 message bits which are 4/8 Hamming coded for error protection. A proposal for allocating these message bits is as follows: 2 bits for sexual content of the whole programme 2 bits for sexual content of individual events within a programme 2 bits for violence content within a programme 2 bits for violent content of incidents within a programme 2 bits for distressing incidents within a programme 2 bits for mature language within a programme and 4 bits for an indication of the region of origin of the programme. The allocation of two bits for each of the programme content classifications allows four possible levels to be set for that particular content. For example the code 00 could mean no content of that type, the code 01 a low level content, the code 10 a medium level content, and the code 11 a high content level. It is considered useful to have a coding as far as sexual and violent content is concerned for the whole programme and for individual incidents within a programme. Thus for example a parent could decide that programmes having a low or medium sexual content level could be viewed by children so long as the individual events containing sexual content were inhibited. Thus they would set the acceptable programme level to 01 , while they may wish to eliminate incidents having sexual content altogether and thus set the event within the programme code to 00. The same considerations apply to violent content within a programme. The distressing content classification is likely to be only of limited duration within a programme. The types of content which are being considered here are for example details where in medical programmes operations are being shown. In this case viewers may well be interested in the medical techniques but find the portrayal of operations distressing. Other instances where distressing content may occur is in news or current affairs programmes. For example interviews with recently bereaved persons may be distressing to some people or pictures showing the effects of famine or other disasters. The mature language content of a programme will normally " also be fairly intermittent and hence it is considered that the proscribing of a whole programme on that basis is perhaps not appropriate and that the instances which the mature language occurs can be suppressed. The region of programme origin code is considered useful in that different areas and countries have different moral codes and consequently what may be classified as a low level of violence in one region may be classified as a medium or even high level of violence in another region. The same considerations may well apply to sexual content and also distressing or mature language content. It would be possible within the receiver to modify the codes for sexual, violent, distressing and mature language content in accordance with the code for the region of origin of the programme. Thus in region 1 medium level sexual content may correspond to high level sexual content in region 2. It is also possible to bar programmes originating from a given region, for example for political or religious reasons. Figure 4 shows in block schematic form an embodiment of a television receiver according to the invention. As shown in Figure 4 the television receiver comprises an aerial 20 which feeds a conventional tuner 21 and IF and demodulator block 22. A combined video and blanking signal is available at the output of the block 22 and is fed to a teletext decoder 23 and a colour decoder 24. The output of the colour decoder 24 is fed to a video selector 25 which also receives a display signal output from the teletext decoder 23 and a blanking signal via an ORgate 26 from the teletext decoder 23. A control processor 27 controls in conventional fashion the operation of the television receiver. It receives control instructions from a remote control unit 28 which the viewer uses to select a particular channel for display and selects other functions such as teletext display or on screen menu displays. The processor 27 will receive from the teletext decoder 23 the codes which are present in the packet 8/30 format 1 , that is the codes representing the content of sexual matter, violent matter, distressing matter or mature language. It will also store within a non volatile memory 29 codes, which have been entered by the user using the remote control unit, which set the levels of sexual, violent, distressing or mature language content which are acceptable for display. The processor 27 will compare the received codes with the stored codes and depending on the output of that comparison will produce a signal on line 30 which is fed to the video selector 25 via the ORgate 26 and which in appropriate circumstances will cause the video display to be blanked. It will 5 also feed a signal via a line 31 to an audio selector 32 which will cause the audio output to be muted in appropriate circumstances. The audio selector produces an output which is fed to the standard audio circuits represented by block 33 and to a loudspeaker 34, while the video selector 25 produces an output which is fed to standard video circuits 35 and ι o to a display device 36. The audio selector 32 has a further input fed from a terminal 37 to which an alternative audio source may be connected. This may be for example a tone generator which replaces any offending words by a bleep or it may be connected to an auxiliary channel for example an Audetel channel to provide alternative words for the offensive words. The Audetel 15 channel is a channel proposed for use for providing an audio assistance signal which provides a description of the scene to help the following of a programme by persons unable to see the display screen clearly or at all, for example blind or partially sighted persons. There will normally be some spare capacity on this channel which will enable an alternative word for possibly offensive words 20 to be transmitted by the broadcaster or to be encoded within any programme source since Audetel will be idle while there is dialogue. Thus far the description of the television receiver shown in Figure 4 is identical to that in our co-pending UK Patent Application No. 9619878.3 (PHB 341 10). 25 In accordance with the present invention, however, the receiver includes means for indicating that classification codes are currently being received and detected. These means may comprise an indicator lamp, which in Figure 4 is shown as a light emitting diode 38 controlled by the processor 27. The indicator lamp is not, of course, necessarily a light emitting diode but such 30 devices are a convenient means of indication. Any other light emitting source controllable by a processor 27 could be used. Such an indicator means has the advantage that it can be continuously illuminated while the codes are being detected without affecting the displayed picture and hence the viewer's enjoyment. Thus a parent can, at a glance, see that the codes are being detected while allowing full enjoyment of the programme. A limitation of such a device is that although it indicates that the classification codes are being received and detected it gives no indication as to what those classification codes are. Thus if the stored codes had been corrupted there would be no indication that possibly undesirable programmes were being viewed. As a result the processor 27 is programmed to produce, in response to a request made by pressing a button (preferably a single dedicated button) on a remote control unit or on the television receiver cabinet, an on-screen display of the detected codes. Such an on screen display is illustrated, by way of example, in Figure 7. Consequently a parent may check that the appropriate codes are programmed into the memory or at least that the present programme does not inadvertently exceed the level intended, either because the parent had not entered the correct code or because the code had become corrupted. The on screen display can be used in any convenient mode. Thus it could overwrite the picture and have an automatic time out so that it disappeared after one or two seconds. Alternatively a second button press could delete the on screen display. It could appear in mix mode so that it is superimposed on the picture which remained visible through it in the same manner as mix mode teletext page display. Alternatively it could appear in a relatively small window in a corner of the screen. A further refinement is to make the on screen display show one line of text only with the various categories being scrolled through the window. Figure 5 A-E illustrates an on screen display sequence which enables a person to enter a single set of codes into a television receiver. On initial switch on the on screen display sets out a message which invites the user to enter a personal identification number. This is assuming that authorization is checked by means of a PIN. The PIN may be burnt into a memory by the manufacturer who then informs the buyer of the number of the PIN so that the owner can initiate the selection of the classification. An alternative is to set the PIN to all zeros at the factory and for a routine to be entered into when the set is first switched on to change the PIN to any number that the user desires. Subsequently when it is desired to change the classification a key to request this is pressed on the remote control unit. This brings up the on screen display message which invites the user to enter the PIN. This is shown as screen 1 in Figure 5A. The user then enters the PIN and if this is checked correctly the next on screen display is presented. This is numbered 2 in Figure 5A. Initially the television receiver will be set to receive all programmes but by using the television access control system a choice can be made as to whether programmes of a certain type are to be excluded. The on screen display instructs the user which key to press to continue the process, in this instance the red key. The next screen presented, screen 3, invites the user to either press a green key to select the type of programme that can be received or to press a red key if he wishes to leave the state unchanged. Assuming that the green key has been pressed the fourth screen is presented. This invites the user to decide whether programmes with sexual content should be excluded and invites the user to press one button if such matter is to be excluded and a different button if the matter is not to be excluded. Assuming that the user would like to exclude at least some of the sexual content then screen 5 is presented. This will invite the user to exclude either high levels, moderate or high levels or any level. In this particular example the user chooses to exclude high levels only. In this particular instance the user who has chosen to exclude high level only sexual content and is then invited to indicate whether this content should be excluded only when the events occur or whether all programmes which include high levels of sexual content should be completely excluded. Again the user is invited to press red in one instance and green in the other. That completes the programming for sexual content. A similar process is followed for violent content and is shown on screens 7, 8 and 9. Screens 10, 11 and 12 show the process for enabling distressing content to be excluded. In this particular case it is only excluded for the events in which the distressing content is present and not for the whole programme. It is considered that distressing content is unlikely to be relevant to a whole programme but only to events within a programme. Such distressing content may be for example the showing of operations in medical programmes or the showing of the scenes of accidents or other disasters in news programmes. These incidents will only be a small portion of such programmes and the programmes can be enjoyed readily with those incidents deleted. A similar process is shown in screens 13 to 15 which enables the programming of the mature language content which is acceptable. Again this only excludes the specific events rather than the programme as a whole since the occurrence of possibly offensive words is likely to be only a small proportion of the programme as a whole especially if programmes having excessive sexual or violent content are already excluded. Screens 16 and 17 illustrate the programming of the region of origin. It enables the user to exclude programmes from certain regions if desired. This may be desirable for example where a particular country is transmitting propaganda material which may not contain excessive sexual content or violent content or even distressing content or mature language, but the authorised person may wish to prevent reception of programmes of such a nature. An alternative use for the region of origin codes is to modify the effective codes for sexual, violent, distressing content or mature language depending on the source of the programme. Thus from region A it may be desired that the level of sexual content accepted is moderate level only because what is considered moderate in region A may be considered to be high in the region where the receiver is located. This code of changing may be programmed permanently into the receiver or may be settable by the user. Screen 18 is the final screen presented and confirms the choices which have been made by the user. This screen Ts similar in content to screen 2 which is presented when the entry to the access control system is obtained. Thus once a setting has been made this will be displayed on screen 2 at a subsequent access. It will be apparent that these on screen display messages are by way of example only and that the actual messages may be tailored for particular markets and will of course be in the language of the country in which the set is located. The control processor may, of course, store various on screen displays in a number of different languages, the language choice being made by the user when accessing the on screen displays thus enabling a common control processor to serve sets sold in various different countries. Figure 6 shows examples of on screen messages which are displayed when the access control system is in operation. Thus, the first screen shows that the programme is not available and states that it is due to high levels of sexual content. This message will of course vary according to the reason for non availability of that particular programme and is defined by the coding associated with it. The second screen shows that the television is temporally blanked due to moderate violent content. Thus, during most of the programme the display will be available, but there is a temporary blanking of the visual display to prevent the viewer seeing violent content. The third screen shows similarly that the display is temporally blanked due to distressing content. The fourth screen shows the picture displayed with a message superimposed upon it stating that the sound has been muted because of mature language. Consequently, since the viewer is informed that the sound is temporally muted he or she will not assume that there is a fault with the sound channel of the television receiver. In the particular examples described authorization of the user able to change the coding has been by means of a PIN. There are however various other ways in which a user can be authorised. One possibility would be a fingerprint detector so that it would be necessary for the user to place his or her hand or fingers on a detector pad which compare the fingerprint with one stored in the receiver. This would avoid any problems of forgetting the PIN or the PIN being compromised, for example one of the children discovering the PIN and resetting the classification codes. A further possibility is to include a video camera on the receiver which will look at the face of the person wishing to change the code. The output of the video camera can be compared with a 5 stored image within the receiver and if coincidence is found then updating of the classification code can be allowed. A means for recognising facial characteristics is disclosed in EP-A-0551 941 (PHB 33765). The latter two methods may be used for example when a personal computer is fitted with a TV programme receiver facility. The necessary processing circuits for the ι o fingerprint or face recognition will then be within the personal computer circuits. From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other 15 features which are already known in the design and use of television systems and component parts thereof and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein. Although claims have been formulated in this application to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure of the present application 2o also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation of one or more of those features which would be obvious to persons skilled in the art, whether or not it relates to the same invention as presently claimed in any claim and whether or not it mitigates any or all of the same technical 25 problems as does the present invention. The applicants hereby give notice that new claims may be formulated to such features and/or combinations of such features during the prosecution of the present application or of any further application derived therefrom.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A television receiver including means for enabling an authorised person to disable the sound and/or visual display of a received programme according to a classification code received with the television programme, the television receiver comprising means for establishing the authorization of the authorised person, non-volatile memory means for storing a set of classification codes entered by the authorised person, means for receiving and detecting classification codes multiplexed with the received television signal, means for comparing the set of classification codes with the received classification code, and means for disabling the sound and/or visual display in dependence on the results of the comparison, wherein the television receiver further comprises means for indicating that classification codes are currently being received and detected. 2. A television receiver as claimed in Claim 1 in which the indicating means comprises an indicator lamp. 3. A television receiver as claimed in Claim 2 in which the indicator lamp is a light emitting diode. 4. A television receiver as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3 in which the indicating means comprises an on screen display shown instead of or in conjunction with the television ;picture. 5. A television receiver as claimed in Claim 4 in which the on screen display indicates the classification codes currently being received. 6. A television receiver as claimed in Claim 4 or Claim 5 in which the on screen display is shown in mixed mode with the television picture. 7. A television receiver as claimed in any of Claims 4 to 6 in which the on screen display is shown in a window in the television picture. 8. A television receiver as claimed in any of Claims 4 to 7 in which the on screen display is called up by a single button on a remote control device and/or the television receiver cabinet.

Inventors: PORTER CHRISTOPHER RUSSELL, PORTER, CHRISTOPHER, RUSSELL
Applicants: KONINKL PHILIPS ELECTRONICS NV, PHILIPS NORDEN AB, KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H04N7
IPC codes: H04N5, H04N7