VACCINE

Abstract: The present invention provides Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) fusion proteins, linked to an immunological fusion partner that provides T helper epiptopes to the HPV antigen. Vaccine formulations are provided that are useful in the treatment or Prophylaxis of HPV induced lesions.

Description: VACCINE The present invention relates to fusions proteins, comprising a protein or part of a protein that provides T helper epitopes and an antigen from a human-papilloma virus that find utility in the treatment or prophylaxis of human papilloma induced tumours. In particular the invention relates to fusion proteins comprising an E6 or E7 protein from HPV strain 16 or 18 linked to protein D from Heamophilius influenza B. PapiUomaviruses are small naked DNA tumour viruses (7.9 kilobases, double strand), which are highly species-specific Over 70 individual human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes have been described. PapiUomaviruses are classified on the basis of species of origin (human, bovine etc.) and of the degree of genetic relatedness with other papillomaviruses from the same species. HPVs are generally specific for the skin or mucosal surfaces and have been broadly classified into "low" and "high" risk on the basis of rare and common, respectively, detection in abnormal or tumour tissue. Low risk HPVs usually cause benign lesions (warts or papillomas) that persist for several months or years. High risk HPVs are associated with cancer. The strongest positive association between an HPV virus and human cancer is that which exist between HPV 16 and 18 and cervical carcinoma. More than ten other HPV types have also been found in cervical carcinomas including HPV 31 and HPV 33 although at less frequency. Genital HPV infection in young sexually active women is common and most individuals either clear the infection, or if lesions develop, these regress. Only a subset of infected individuals has lesions which progress to high grade intraephithelial neoplasia and only a fraction of these progress further to invasive carcinoma. The molecular events leading to HPV infection have not been clearly established. The lack of an adequate in vitro system to propagate human papillomaviruses has hampered the progress to a best information about the viral cycle. Today, the different types of HPVs have been isolated and characterised with the help of cloning systems in bacteria and more recently by PCR amplification. The molecular organisation of the HPV genomes has been defined on a comparative basis with that of the well characterised bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1). Although minor variations do occur, all HPVs genomes described have at least seven early genes, El to E7 and two late genes LI and L2. In addition, an upstream regulatory region harbors the regulatory sequences which appears to control most transcriptional events of the HPV genome. El and E2 genes are involved in viral replication and transcriptional control, respectively and tend to be disrupted by viral integration. E6 and E7 are involved in viral transformation. E5 has also been implicated in this process. In the HPVs involved in cervical carcinoma such as HPV 16 and 18, the oncogenic process starts after integration of viral DNA. The integration results in the inactivation of genes coding for the capsid proteins LI and L2 and loss of E2 repressor function leads to deregulation of the E6/E7 open reading frame installing continuously overexpression of the two early proteins E6 and E7 that will lead to gradually loss of the normal cellular differentiation and the development of the carcinoma. E6 and E7 overcome normal cell cycle by inactivating major tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and pRB, the retinoblastoma gene product, respectively. Carcinoma of the cervix is common in women and develops through a pre- cancerous intermediate stage to the invasive carcinoma which frequently leads to death. The intermediate stages of the disease is known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and is graded I to III in terms of increasing severity (CINI-III). Clinically, HPV infection of the female anogenital tract manifests as cervical flat condylomas, the hallmark of which is the koilocytosis affecting predominantly the superficial and intermediate cells of the cervical squamous epithelium. Koilocytes which are the consequence of a cytopathic effect of the virus, appear as multinucleated cells with a perinuclear clear haloe. The epithelium is thickened with abnormal keratinisation responsible for the warty appearance of the lesion. Such flat condylomas when positive for the HPV 16 or 18 serotypes, are high- risk factors for the evolution toward cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) which are themselves regarded as precursor lesions of invasive cervix carcinoma. The natural history of oncogenic HPV infection presents 3 consecutive phases, namely: (1) a latent infection phase, (2) a phase of intranuclear viral replication with product of complete virions, which corresponds to the occurrence of koilocytes. At this stage, the HPV is producing its _ full range of proteins including E2, E5, E6, E7, LI and L2. (3) a phase of viral integration into the cellular genome, which triggers the onset of malignant transformation, and corresponds to CIN II and CIN Ill/CIS with progressive disappearance of koilocytes. At this stage, the expression of E2 is down- regulated, the expression of E6 and E7 is enhanced. Between CIN II/III and CIN III / Cervix carcinoma the viral DNA changes from being episomal in the basal cells to integration of E6 and E7 genes only (tumoral cells). 85% of all cervix carcinomas are squamos cell carcinomas most predominantly related to the HPV 16 serotype. 10% and 5% are adenocarcinomas and adenosquamos cell carcinomas respectively, and both types are predominantly related to HPV 18 serotype. Nevertheless other oncogenic HPVs exist. International Patent Application No. WO 96/19496 discloses variants of human papilloma virus E6 and E7 proteins, particularly fusion proteins of E6/E7 with a deletion in both the E6 and E7 proteins. These deletion fusion proteins are said to be immunogenic. The present invention provides compositions comprising either an E6 or E7 or an E6/E7 fusion protein linked to an immunological fusion partner having T cell epitopes. In a preferred form of the invention, the immunological fusion partner is derived from protein D of Heamophilus influenza B. Preferably the protein D derivative comprises approximately the first 1/3 of the protein, in particular approximately the first N-terminal 100-110 amino acids. The protein D may be lipidated (Lipo Protein D). Other immunological fusion partners include the non- structural protein from influenzae virus, NS1 (hemagglutinin). Typically the N terminal 81 amino acids are utilised, although different fragments may be used provided they include T-helper epitopes. In another embodiment the immunological fusion partner is the protein known as LYTA. Preferably the C terminal portion of the molecule is used. Lyta is derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae which synthesize an N-acetyl-L-alanine amidase, amidase LYTA, (coded by the lytA gen {Gene, 43 (1986) page 265-272} an autolysin that specifically degrades certain bonds in the peptidoglycan backbone. The C- terminal domain of the LYTA protein is responsible for the affinity to the choline or— to some choline analogues such as DEAE. This property has been exploited for the development of E.coli C-LYTA expressing plasmids useful for expression of fusion proteins. Purification of hybrid proteins containing the C-LYTA fragment at its amino terminus has been described {Biotechnology: 10, (1992) page 795-798}. As used herein a preferred embodiment utilises the repeat portion of the Lyta molecule found in the C terminal end starting at residue 178. A particularly preferred form incorporates residues 188 - 305. Accordingly, the present invention in preferred embodiment provides fusion proteins comprising Protein D - E6 from HPV 16, Protein D - E7 from HPV 16 Protein D - E7 from HPV 18, Protein D - E6 from HPV 18, and Protein D E6 E7 from both HPV 16 and 18. The protein D part preferably comprises the first 1/3 of protein D. It will be appreciated that other E6 and E7 proteins may be utilised from other HPV subtypes. The proteins of the present invention preferably are expressed in E. coli. In a preferred embodiment the proteins are expressed with a Histidine tail comprising between 5 to 9 and preferably six Histidine residues. These are advantageous in aiding purification. The protein E7 may in a preferred embodiment carry a mutation to reduce the binding for the rb site (retinoblastoma gene product) and hence eliminate any potential transforming capacity. Preferred mutations for HPV 16 E7 involve replacing Cys 24 with Glycine, or Glutamic acid 26 with Glutamine. In a preferred embodiment the E7 protein contains both these mutations. Preferred mutations for the HPV 18 E 7 involve replacing Cys 27 with Glycine and/or Glutamic acid 29 with Glutamine. Again preferably both mutations are present. Single or double mutations may also be introduced p53 region of E 6 to eliminate any potential transforming ability. In a further embodiment of the invention there is provided and E6 E7 fusion protein from HPV linked to an immunological fusion partner. A preferred Immunological fusion partner is Protein D, more preferable the first 1/3 of protein D. The present invention also provides a DNA encoding the proteins of the present invention. Such sequences can be inserted into a suitable expression vector and expressed in a suitable host. A DNA sequence encoding the proteins of the present invention can be synthesized using standard DNA synthesis techniques, such as by enzymatic ligation as described by D.M. Roberts et al. in Biochemistry 1985, 24, 5090-5098, by chemical synthesis, by in vitro enzymatic polymerization, or by PCR technology utilising for example a heat stable polymerase, or by a combination of these techniques. Enzymatic polymerisation of DNA may be carried out in vitro using a DNA polymerase such as DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) in an appropriate buffer containing the nucleoside triphosphates dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP as required at a temperature of 10°-37°C, generally in a volume of 50μl or less. Enzymatic ligation of DNA fragments may be carried out using a DNA ligase such as T4 DNA ligase in an appropriate buffer, such as 0.05M Tris (pH 7.4), 0.01M MgCl 2 , 0.01M dithiothreitol, ImM spermidine, ImM ATP and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, at a temperature of 4°C to ambient, generally in a volume of 50ml or less. The chemical synthesis of the DNA polymer or fragments may be carried out by conventional phosphotriester, phosphite or phosphoramidite chemistry, using solid phase techniques such as those described in 'Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis of Gene Fragments - A Laboratory Manual' (ed. H.G. Gassen and A. Lang), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1982), or in other scientific publications, for example M.J. Gait, H.W.D. Matthes, M. Singh, B.S. Sproat, and R.C. Titmas, Nucleic Acids Research, 1982, 10, 6243; B.S. Sproat, and W. Bannwarth, Tetrahedron Letters, 1983, 24, 5771; M.D. Matteucci and M.H. Caruthers, Tetrahedron Letters, 1980, 21, 719; M.D. Matteucci and M.H. Caruthers, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1981, 103, 3185; S.P. Adams et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1983, 105, 661; N.D. Sinha, J. Biernat, J. McMannus, and H. Koester, Nucleic Acids Research, 1984, 12, 4539; and H.W.D. Matthes et al, EMBO Journal, 1984, 3, 801. The process of the invention may be performed by conventional recombinant techniques such as described in Maniatis et al, Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual; Cold Spring Harbor, 1982-1989. In particular, the process may comprise the steps of : i) preparing a replicable or integrating expression vector capable, in a host cell, of expressing a DNA polymer comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes the protein or an immunogenic derivative thereof; ii) transforming a host cell with said vector; iii) culturing said transformed host cell under conditions permitting expression of said DNA polymer to produce said protein; and iv) recovering said protein. The term 'transforming" is used herein to mean the introduction of foreign DNA into a host cell. This can be achieved for example by transformation, transfection or infection with an appropriate plasmid or viral vector using e.g. conventional techniques as described in Genetic Engineering; Eds. S.M. Kingsman and A.J. Kingsman; Blackwell Scientific Publications; Oxford, England, 1988. The term 'transformed' or 'transformant' will hereafter apply to the resulting host cell containing and expressing the foreign gene of interest. Preferably recombinant antigen of the invention are expressed in E. coli. The expression strategy include fusion of E7, E6 or E6/E7 fusion to the 1/3-N-terminal portion of protein D from Haemophilus influenzae B, an immunological fusion partner providing T cell helper epitopes. An affinity polyhistidine tail is engineered at the carboxy terminus of the fusion protein allowing for simplified purification. Such recombinant antigen is overexpressed in E. coli as insoluble protein. Preferably the proteins of the invention are coexpressed with thioredoxin in trans (TIT). Coexpression of thioredoxin in trans versus in cis is preferred to keep antigen free of thioredoxin without the need for protease. Thioredoxin coexpression eases the solubilisation of the proteins of the invention. Thioredoxin coexpression has also a significant impact on protein purification yield, on purified-protein solubility and quality. The expression vectors are novel and also form part of the invention. The replicable expression vectors may be prepared in accordance with the invention, by cleaving a vector compatible with the host cell to provide a linear DNA segment having an intact replicon, and combining said linear segment with one or more DNA molecules which, together with said linear segment encode the desired product, such as the DNA polymer encoding the protein of the invention, or derivative thereof, under ligating conditions. Thus, the DNA polymer may be preformed or formed during the construction of the vector, as desired. The choice of vector will be determined in part by the host cell, which may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic but preferably is E. coli. Suitable vectors include plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids and recombinant viruses. The preparation of the replicable expression vector may be carried out conventionally with appropriate enzymes for restriction, polymerisation and ligation of the DNA, by procedures described in, for example, Maniatis et al cited above. The recombinant host cell is prepared, in accordance with the invention, by transforming a host cell with a replicable expression vector of the invention under transforming conditions. Suitable transforming conditions are conventional and are described in, for example, Maniatis et al cited above, or "DNA Cloning" Vol. II, D.M. Glover ed., IRL Press Ltd, 1985. The choice of transforming conditions is determined by the host cell. Thus, a bacterial host such as E. coli may be treated with a solution of CaCl 2 (Cohen et al , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 1973, 69, 2110) or with a solution comprising a mixture of RbCl, MnCl 2 , potassium acetate and glycerol, and then with 3-[N-mo holino]- propane-sulphonic acid, RbCl and glycerol. Mammalian cells in culture may be transformed by calcium co-precipitation of the vector DNA onto the cells. The invention also extends to a host cell transformed with a replicable expression vector of the invention. Culturing the transformed host cell under conditions permitting expression of the DNA polymer is carried out conventionally, as described in, for example, Maniatis et al and "DNA Cloning" cited above. Thus, preferably the cell is supplied with nutrient and cultured at a temperature below 50°C. The product is recovered by conventional methods according to the host cell. Thus, where the host cell is bacterial, such as E. coli it may be lysed physically, chemically or enzymatically and the protein product isolated from the resulting lysate. Where the host cell is mammalian, the product may generally be isolated from the nutrient medium or from cell free extracts. Conventional protein isolation techniques include selective precipitation, adsorption chromatography, and affinity chromatography including a monoclonal antibody affinity column. When the proteins of the present invention are expressed with a hisitidine tail (His tag). The proteins can easily be purified by affinity chromatography using an ion metal affinity chromatography column (IMAC) column. A second chromatographic step, such as Q-sepharose may be utilised either before or after the IMAC column to yield highly purified protein. If the immunological fusion partner is C-LYTA, then it is possible to exploit the affinity of CLYTA for choline and/or DEAE to purify this product. Products containing both C-LYTA and his tags can be easily and efficiently purified in a two step process involving differential affinity chromatography. One step involves the affinity of the His tag to IMAC columns, the other involves the affinity of the C-terminal domain of L YTA for choline or DEAE. Proteins comprising both a C-LYTA and Hisitidine tag are new and accordingly form one aspect of the invention. These may be purified to high levels (greater than 80% preferably greater than 90%) by a simple two step differential affinity procedure. The proteins of the present invention are provided preferably at least 80% pure more preferably 90% pure as visualized by SDS PAGE. The protein present a major single band when analysed by SDS PAGE under reducing conditions, and western blot analysis show less than 5% host cell protein contamination. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical composition comprising a protein of the present invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. A preferred vaccine composition comprises at least Protein D - E6 from HPV 16 or derivative thereof together with Protein D - E7 from HPV 16. Alternatively the E6 and E7 may be presented in a single molecule, preferably a Protein D E6/E7 fusion. Such vaccine may optionally contain either or both E6 and E7 proteins from HPV 18, preferably in the form of a Protein D - E6 or Protein D - E7 fusion protein or Protein D E6/E7 fusion protein. The vaccines of the present invention may contain other HPV antigens from HPV 16 or 18. In particular, the vaccine may contain LI or L2 antigen monomers. Alternatively such LI or L2 antigens may be presented together as a virus like particle or the LI alone protein may be presented as virus like particle or caposmer structure. Such antigens, virus like particles and capsomer are per se known. See for example WO94/00152, WO94/20137, WO94/05792, & WO93/02184. Additional early proteins may be included such as E2 or preferably E5 for example The vaccine of the present invention may additionally comprise antigens from other HPV strains, preferably from strains HPV 6 11, HPV 31 or 33. Vaccine preparation is generally described in Vaccine Design - The subunit and adjuvant approach (Ed. Powell and Newman) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Vol. 6 Plenum Press 1995. Encapsulation within liposomes is described by Fullerton, US Patent 4,235,877. The proteins of the present invention are preferably adjuvanted in the vaccine formulation of the invention. Suitable adjuvants include an aluminium salt such as aluminium hydroxide gel (alum) or aluminium phosphate, but may also be a salt of calcium, iron or zinc, or may be an insoluble suspension of acylated tyrosine, or acylated sugars, cationically or anionically derivatised polysaccharides, or polyphosphazenes. In the formulation of the inventions it is preferred that the adjuvant composition induces a preferential TH1 response. Suitable adjuvant systems include, for example, a combination of monophosphoryl lipid A, preferably 3-de-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A (3D-MPL) together with an aluminium salt. An enhanced system involves the combination of a monophosphoryl lipid A and a saponin derivative particularly the combination of QS21 and 3D- MPL as disclosed in WO 94/00153, or a less reactogenic composition where the QS21 is quenched with cholesterol as disclosed in WO 96/33739. A particularly potent adjuvant formulation involving QS21, 3D-MPL & tocopherol in an oil in water emulsion is described in WO 95/17210 and is a preferred formulation. Accordingly in one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a vaccine comprising a protein D (or derivative thereof) - E6 or protein D (or derivative thereof) - E7 adjuvanted with a monophosphoryl lipid A or derivative thereof. Preferably the vaccine additionally comprises a saponin, more preferably QS21. Preferably the formulation additional comprises an oil in water emulsion and, ^ tocopherol. The present invention also provides a method for producing a vaccine formulation comprising mixing a protein of the present invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, such as 3D-MPL. The invention will be further described by reference to the following examples: EXAMPLE I: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion Protein-Dl/3 - E7 -His (HPV16) 1) - Construction of expression plasmid a) - Plasmid pMG MCS prot Dl/3 (= pRIT14589) is a derivative of pMG81 (described in UK patent application n° 951 3261.9 published as WO97/01640) in which the codons 4-81 of NS1 coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 -» Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al., 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.119-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His). This plasmid is used to express the fusion protein Dl/3-E7-His. b) - HPV genomic E6 and E7 sequences type HPV 16 (See Dorf et al., Virology 1985, 145, p. 181-185) were amplified from HPV 16 full length genome cloned in pBR322 (obtained from Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Referenzzentrum fur human pathogen Papillomaviruses - D 69120 - Heidelberg) and were subcloned into pUC19 to give TCA 301 (= pRIT14462). Construction of plasmid TCA 308 (= pRIT14501): a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E7-His The nucleotides sequences corresponding to amino acids 1 -» 98 of E7 protein are amplified from pRIT14462. During the polymerase chain reaction, Ncol and Spel restriction sites were generated at the 5' and 3' ends of the E7 sequences allowing insertion into the same sites of plasmid pMGMCS Prot Dl/3 to give plasmid TCA308 (= pRJT14501). The insert was sequenced to verify that no modification had been generated during the polymerase chain reaction. The sequence for the fusion protein-Dl/3-E7-His (HPV 16) is described in figure 1. 2) - Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid ρRIT14501 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al, 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3) - Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of Prot -Dl/3-E7-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT14501 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein Dl/3-E7-His. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20°C. EXAMPLE II: Characterisation of fusion Protein Dl/3-E7-His (HPV 16) Frozen cells are thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells are broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract is centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 33 kDa, localised in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti-protein-D and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 5 % of total protein as shown on a Coomassie-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel. EXAMPLE III: Protein -Dl/3-E7-His (HPV 16) Purification One litre culture of bacteria expressing protein -Dl/3-E7-His, is centrifuged at 11,300 g for 30 min at 4°C and cell pellet is kept at -80°C until further treatment. After resuspension in 75 ml PBS buffer, E. coli cells are broken in a French pressure cell press (SLM Aminco®) at 20,000 psi. Lysed cells are pelleted by centrifugation at 17,000g for 30 minutes. Pellet, containing the protein-Dl/3-E7-His, is washed once in 30 ml of 2M NaCl, 50mM Phosphate pH 7.5, then twice in 30 ml 50mM Phosphate pH 7.5. Proteins are solubilised after 2 hours incubation of the pellet in 30 ml of 8 M urea, 50 mM phosphate pH 7.5 at RT. Cells debris are eliminated by 15 min centrifugation at 17,000 g, 4°C. Protein purification is carried out at RT°, 15 ml of solubilised protein are applied onto a 5 ml 2+NTA (Qiagen) ._. resin (Pharmacia column XK 16/20) preequilibrated in 8M urea, 50 mM phosphate pH 7.5 at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The column is washed in the same buffer until the absorbance at 280 nm reaches the base line. The protein is eluted with a 0-600 mM Imidazole gradient in 8M urea, 50 mM phosphate pH 7.5. The flow rate of these two last steps is brought to 1 ml/min. Eluted fractions are analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by Western blotting. ProtDl/3-E7-His, visualised by Coomassie blue staining, by a polyclonal anti protein D or by a monoclonal anti E7 antibody, appears as a major single band at about 32 kDalton and is estimated as a 95%) pure protein. No E. coli contaminants, traced with a polyclonal anti E. coli proteins antibody, are observed. In order to eliminate urea, 9 ml of purified antigen, at 1.33 mg/ml (Bradford), is dialysed against 3 litres of PBS buffer overnight at RT° followed by a 4 hours dialysis against a fresh PBS buffer. 80% of urea free protein is recovered as soluble protein. To eliminate contaminating endotoxins, 6 ml of dialysed protein are incubated with 1 ml of Affiprep polymixin gel (Biorad), for 3 hours at 4°C under gentle stirring. A second incubation with 500 μl of Affiprep polymixin resin is performed to minimise the endotoxin level to 8.8 EU/μg protein. After sterile filtration on a 0.22 μm filter device (Millex 0.22 GV, Millipore), prot-Dl/3-E7-His at 0.665 mg/ml is assayed for stability. SDS PAGE analysis showed no evolution of the protein after 7 days incubation at - 20°C, 4°C, RT° or 37°C. EXAMPLE IV: Construction of an E.coli strain expressing fusion Protein-Dl/3- E6-his / HPV16 1. Construction of expression plasmid a) Plasmid pMG MCS prot Dl/3 (= pRIT14589) is a derivative of ρMG81 (described in WO97/01640 in which the codons 4-81 of NS1 coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 — » Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.119-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple ~ cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His). This plasmid is used to express the fusion protein Dl/3-E6-his. b) HPV genomic E6 and E7 sequences type HPV 16 (Seedorf et al, Virology 1985, ._. 145, p.181-185) were amplified from HPV16 full length genome cloned in pBR322 (obtained from Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Referenzzentrum flir human pathogen Papillomaviruses - c ) D 69120 - Heidelberg) and were subcloned into pUC19 to give TCA 301 (— pRIT14462). Construction of plasmid TCA 307 (=pRIT14497) : a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E6-His /HPV16 The nucleotides sequences corresponding to amino acid. 1 — » 151 of E6 protein were amplified from pRIT14462. During the polymerase chain reaction, Ncol and Spel restriction sites were generated at the 5' and 3' ends of the E6 sequences allowing insertion into the same sites of plasmid pMGMCS Prot Dl/3 to give plasmid TCA307 (= pRIT14497) ( see figure 2 ). The insert was sequenced to verify that no modification had been generated during the polymerase chain reaction. The coding sequence for the fusion protein-Dl/3-E6-His is described in figure 3. 2. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14497 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of Prot-Dl/3-E6-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT14497 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein Dl/3-E6-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20C. 4. Characterization of fusion Protein Dl/3-E6-his (HPV 16) Preparation of extracts Frozen cells are thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells are broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract is centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Analysis on Coomassie-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gels and Western blots After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 32 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti- protein-D and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 5 %> of total protein. 5. Coexpression with thioredoxin In an analagons fashion to the expression of prot D 1/3 E7 His from HPV 18 (example XIII) an E.coli strain AR58 was transformed with a plasmid encoding thioredoxin and protein D 1/3 E7 His (HPV 16). EXAMPLE V: Purification of Prot D 1/3 E6 His (HPV 16) HPV- 16 ProtD 1/3 E6 recombinant antigen was expressed in E. coli (AR58). Expression strategy included fusion of E6 to the 1/3-N-terminal portion of protein D from Haemophilus influenzae, an immunological fusion partner providing T cell helper epitopes. An affinity polyhistidine tail was engineered at the carboxy terminus of the fusion protein. The recombinant antigen was overexpressed in E. coli as insoluble proteins. Solubilisation of the antigen required denaturing agents. In absence of denaturing agent, ProtD 1/3 -E6-His precipitated at neutral pH. To circumvent the solubility problems, co-expression of these proteins with Thioredoxin in Trans (TIT), a folding partner was carried out. Bacterial expressions are conducted in LB media in presence of 0.05 mg/ml of kanamycin at 30°C plus 0.2 mg/ml of Ampicillin when Thioredoxin is coexpressed. Recombinant protein expression is thermally induced by transferring the cells to 42 °C, when cell optical density (OD 600 nm ) of 0.4 is reached. Protein expression is maintained for 4 hours. Purification was carried out according to the following protocol. Cell Culture Pellet 60 OD 600 1 mM pefabloc, 2M NaCl, PBS pH 7.4 (Buffer A) French Press Disruptor Three passes 20,000 psi Centrifugation 17,000g 30 min, 4°C Pellet Washes 2M NaCl, PBS pH 7.4 (Buffer B) xl PBS pH 7.4 (Buffer C) x2 Centrifugation 17,000g 30 min, 4°C Pellet Solubilisation 6 M Guanidine Chloride, 20 mM PO4, pH 7.0 (Buffer D) Overnight at 4°C Centrifugation 17,000g 30 min, 4°C Supernatant on IMAC Equilibration : 6 M Guanidine Chloride, 20 mM PO4, pH 7.0 (Buffer D) Elution: Imidazole steps (0.025M,0.1M,0.5M) in 8M Urea, 20 mM PO4, pH 7.0 Affiprep Polymyxin 8M Urea, 20 mM PO4, pH 7.0 (Buffer E) 2h RT° Dialysis 4M Urea, 0.5 M Arginine, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM PO4, pH 6.8 (Buffer I) 2M Urea, 0.5 M Arginine, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM PO4 pH 6.8, (Buffer J) 0M Urea, 0.5 M Arginine, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM PO4 pH 6.8 (Buffer K) Cells are efficiently broken by high-pressure homogenisation using a French pressure cell device. Antigen is extracted with high concentration of protein denaturant. This first step breaks open the bacterial cell wall and antigen is extracted from the bacterial insoluble fraction. The following purification was carried out on 4 liter culture. BUFFERS A. PBS / 2M NaCl / 1 mM Pefabloc B. PBS / 2 M NaCl C. PBS: 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KC1, 8.1 mM NaH2PO4, 1.47 mM KH2PO4 pH 7.4. D. 6 M Guanidium Chloride, 20 mM PO4 ( NaH2PO4 (2 H2O) / K2HPO4 (3 H2O) ) pH 7.0 Starting material is 10 flasks of 400 ml culture each. Cell paste is suspended to 60 OD 600 in Buffer A (240 ml of Buffer A in this case), prior cell lysis by three passes through a French press disruptor (20,000 psi). Lysed cells are pelleted 30 min at 15,000 g at 4° C. Bacterial cell pellet containing the recombinant protein is washed once in 240 ml Buffer B, then twice in 240 ml Buffer C. Prot D E6-His (TIT) is solubilised by 240 ml Buffer D overnight at 4° C on a rotating wheel. Cell debris are pelleted 30 min at 15,000 g at 4° C. Supernatant (230 ml) is stored at -20° C. The material is then subjected to IMAC chromatography. The chelating ligand NTA (nitrilo-tri-acetic-acid) is attached to an Agarose support (Qiagen). NTA ligand is charged with nickel metal ion with which it interacts through 4 of the 6 coordination sites of the nickel. The two remaining coordination sites of nickel interact strongly with histidine residues of the 6xHis-tagged protein. Elution is achieved by competition with Imidazole which bind to the Ni-NTA and displace the tagged antigen. Ni-NTA Agarose Qiagen ( catalogue number: 30 250) was used. SOLUTIONS D : 6 M Guanidium Chloride, 20 mM PO4 ( NaH 2 PO4 (2H,O)/K 2 HPO4 (3H 2 O)), pH 7.0 E : 8M Urea, 20 mM PO4 ( NaH 2 PO4 (2H 2 O)/K 2 HPO4 (3H 2 O)), pH 7.0 F : E + 0.025 M Imidazole G : E + 0.1 M Imidazole H : E + 0.5 M Imidazole 0.5 M NaOH Deionized water 0.02% NaN 3 PURIFICATION a) The resin (15 ml resin/ 230 ml sample) is packed and equilibrated in 10 column volumes (C.V.) of Buffer D at 15 cm h '1 . b) Supernatant from solubilised fraction is injected onto the column at 15 cm h "1 c) Column is washed at 15 cm h '1 with buffer D until OD 280 nm returns to the baseline. d) Column is washed with 2 CV of Buffer E at 15 cm h "1 The wash fraction is recovered. e) Column is first eluted with 5 CV of Buffer F. Elimination of 25 kD major contaminant. f) Column is then eluted with 2 CV of Buffer G. g) Column is finally eluted with 3 CV of Buffer H. Elution of the antigen. Antigen positive fractions are pooled (30 ml). Endotoxin is removed by affiprep chromatography. Affi-Prep® Polymyxin support consists of USP Grade Polymyxin B coupled to the Affi-Prep® Matrix. Due to its high affinity to the lipid A moiety of endotoxins, polymixin B binds endotoxin molecules with high capacity and selectivity. SOLUTIONS E : 8M Urea, 20 mM PO4 ( NaH 2 PO4 (2H 2 O)/K 2 HPO4 (3H 2 O)), pH 7.0 (apyrogenic). 0.5 M Na OH Deionized apyrogenic water PROCEDURE 1) Affi-Prep® Polymyxin resin is washed in 10 volumes of 0.1 M NaOH, followed by 10 volumes of pyrogen free water. 2) Resin is equilibrated in 10 volumes of Buffer E. 3) 15 ml (half-pool) of IMAC-eluted sample is incubated with 3 ml of Affi-Prep ® Polymyxin resin in a batch mode. 4) Incubation is pursued 4 hours at Room Temperature or O/N at 4°C on a rotating wheel. 5) Sample is centrifuged 10 min at 2000 g (Beckman GS-6R ). 6) Supernatant containing the antigen is collected and submitted to endotoxins and protein assays. 7) Resin is discarded. Small molecules diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane while large molecules are retained. The process of dialysis is driven by the difference in concentration of the solutes on the two sides of the membrane. New buffer solution is introduced until buffer composition on each side equalises. BUFFERS I : 4M Urea, 0.5 M Arginine, 0.15M NaCl, 10 mM PO4 (NaH 2 PO4 (2H 2 O)/K 2 HPO4 (3H 2 O)) pH 6.8 J : 2M Urea, 0.5 M Arginine, 0.15M NaCl, 10 mM PO4 (NaH 2 PO4 (2H 2 O)/K 2 HPO4 (3H 2 O)) pH 6.8 K : 0M Urea, 0.5 M Arginine, 0.15M NaCl, 10 mM PO4 (NaH 2 PO4 (2H 2 O)/K 2 HPO4 (3H 2 O)) pH 6.8 1) The Sample (15 ml) is introduced into a dialysis tubing ( 20.4 mm diameter and 6 cm height). 2) Dialysis tubing is placed in a 2 liters cylinder containing Buffer I under stirring at 4°C for 2 hours. 3) Dialysis tubing is placed in a 2 liters cylinder (under stirring) containing Buffer J ; at 4°C for 2 hours. 4) Dialysis tubing is placed in a 2 liters cylinder containing Buffer K (under stirring) at 4°C O/N. Buffer is changed and dialysis is pursued 2 more hours at 4°C. Millipore Sterile Millex-GV 0.22μ,13 mm. Catalogue number : SLGV0130S. All steps are performed at room temperature (RT ~ 22°C), the antigen appears stable. Antigen solution is filtered through a 0.2 μm filter to prevent any bacterial growth. Antigen is kept at -20°C in Nunc vials. CHARACTERISATION: Protein Dl/3 E6 His is characterised as follows: ProteinDl/3-E6-His is a 273 amino acids long peptide with 112 amino acids coming from Protein D part. ProteinDl/3-E6-His has a theoretical Molecular Weight- of 32 kD and migrates on SDS-PAGE as a 33 kD protein. ProteinDl/3-E6-His theoretical isoelectric point is 8.17. The viral Protein E6 is a basic protein containing 14 cystein residues, eight of them (Cys 30,33,63,66 and Cys 103,106,136,139) are involved in two C-terminal zinc binding motifs. Protein D l/3-E6-His is expressed as insoluble protein, in E. coli-AR 58 strain, with Thioredoxin in Trans, a folding partner. Cell culture is produced in 400 ml flask. 5.4 mg of 95 % pure protein is obtained per liter of culture. EXAMPLE VI: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion Protein-Dl/3- E6E7-his / HPV16 1. Construction of expression plasmid a) Plasmid pMG MCS prot Dl/3 (= pRIT14589) is a derivative of pMG81 (described Supra) in which the codons 4-81 of NS1 coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 — > Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.119-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His). This plasmid is used to express the fusion protein Dl/3-E6E7-his. b) HPV genomic E6 and E7 sequences type HPV 16 (Seedorf et al, Virology 1985, 145, p.181-185) were amplified from HPV 16 full length genome cloned in pBR322 (obtained from Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Referenzzentrum fur human pathogen Papillomaviruses - D 69120 - Heidelberg) and were subcloned into pUC19 to give TCA 301 (= pRIT14462). c) The coding sequences for E6 and E7 in TCA301 (= pRIT 14462) were modified with a synthetic oligonucleotides adaptor (inserted between Afl III and Nsi I sites) introducing a deletion of 5 nucleotides between E6 and E7 genes to remove the stop codon of E6 and create fused E6 and E7 coding sequences in the plasmid TCA309( = pRIT 14556 ) see figure 4. Construction of plasmid TCA 311(= pRIT14512) : a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E6E7-His /HPV16 The nucleotides sequences corresponding to amino acids 1 — > 249 of fused — E6E7 protein were amplified from pRIT14556. During the polymerase chain reaction, Ncol and Spel restriction sites were generated at the 5' and 3' ends of the E6E7 fused sequences allowing insertion into the same sites of plasmid pMGMCS Prot Dl/3 to give plasmid TCA311 (= pRIT14512) (see figure 5). The insert was sequenced to verify that no modification had been generated during the polymerase chain reaction. The coding sequence for the fusion protein-D 1/3 -His is described figure 6. 2. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14512 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al, 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of Prot-Dl/3-E6E7-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT14512 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein Dl/3-E6E7-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20C. 4. Characterization of fusion Protein Dl/3-E6E7-his Frozen cells are thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells are broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract is centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 48 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti- protein-D and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 1 %> of total protein. EXAMPLE: VIb In an analagous fashion the fusion protein of Lipo D 1/3 and E6-E7 from HPV 16 was expressed in E.coli in the presence of thioredoxin. The N-terminal of the pre-protein (388 aa) contains MDP residues followed by 16 amino acids of signal peptide of lipoprotein D (from Haemophilus Influenzae) which is cleaved in vivo to give the mature protein (370 aa). Lipoprotein portion (aa 1 to 127) is followed by the proteins E6 and E7 in fusion. The C terminal of the protein is elongated by TSGHHHHHH. The protein was purified by the following protocol: EXAMPLE VII: Lipoprotein D1/3-E6-E7-HIS (TIT) Purification A) SOLUBILISATION. Cell paste is suspended to 60 OD 600 in 2 M NaCl, 20 mM Phosphate (NaH 2 PO4/K 2 HPO4) pH 7.5 in presence of 1 mM Pefabloc as protease inhibitor prior cell lysis by three passes through a French press disruptor (20,000 psi). Lysed cells are pelleted 30 min at 15,000 g at 4°C. In order to reduce endotoxin level, bacterial cell pellet containing the recombinant protein is washed twice in 4 M urea, 2 M NaCl, 20 mM Phosphate pH 7.5, once in 2% Empigen BB, 20 mM Phosphate pH 7.5 and finally twice in 20 mM Phosphate buffer pH 7.0 to eliminate trace of detergent (each wash is performed in the same volume used for cell suspension). LipoProt.Dl/3-E6- E7-His (TIT) is solubilised (in the same volume used for cell suspension) by 8 M urea in 0.2 M βMercaptoEthanol (= βMeOH), 20 mM PO4 pH 12 overnight at 4 °C followed by a two hours incubation at RT° versus the same buffer. Cell debris are pelleted 30 min at 15,000 g at 4°C. Supernatant is kept at -20°C. B) PURIFICATION 1) Anion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose fast flow. 225 ml of frozen sample is thawed at room temperature in a cold water bath and is applied onto a Q-Sepharose fast flow column (Pharmacia, XK 26/20) preequilibrated in 8 M urea, 0.2 M βMEOH, 20 mM PO4 pH 12 (30 ml resin/ 225 ml supernatant) at 45 cm/h. Column is washed by 8 M urea, 0.2 M βMEOH, 20 mM PO4 pH 12, until OD 280 nm reaches the baseline, followed by a second wash in 8 M urea, 20 mM Phosphate pH 12 (in 2 column volumes) Elution is performed by NaCl steps (0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M NaCl, each step in about 2 column volumes) in 8 M urea, 20 mM Phosphate pH 12, at 45 cm/h. 0.5 M NaCl-eluted fractions are pooled. 2) Ion Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). 0.5 M NaCl-eluted fractions from Q Sepharose step are pooled and dialyzed versus 0.2 M NaCl, 8 M urea, 20 mM Phosphate pH 10 before loading onto a Ni2+- NTA (Qiagen) column (XK 26/20, Pharmacia) preequilibrated in 8 M urea, 20 mM PO4 pH 12 (30 ml resin/ 61 ml sample) at 5.6 cm/h. Column is washed in 8 M urea, 20 mM PO4 pH 12 until the base line is reached then by 8 M urea, 20 mM PO4 pH 10. Antigen is eluted by Imidazole steps (0.025 M, 0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.15 M, 0.2 M, 0.5 M Imidazole, each step in two column volumes) in 8 M urea, 20 mM PO4 pH 10, at 45 cm/h. 0.05 M Imidazole-eluted fractions are pooled. C) CONCENTRATION. Imac sample is concentrated about 5 times (to 0.407 mg/ml) on a 5 kDa Filtron Omega membrane in a stirred cell from AMICON at RT°. D) DIALYSIS Concentrated sample is dialyzed at RT versus decreasing-urea-concentration steps (4 M, 2 M urea) in 0.5 M Arginine, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM PO4 pH 6.8. Last dialysis against 0.5 M Arginine, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM PO4 pH 6.8 is achieved at 4°C. RESULTS: IMAC step is able to eliminate a 32 kD contaminant at 0.025 M Imidazole which eluted also some antigen. 0.05 M Imidazole-eluted Antigen is estimated pure at 90 % by Coomassie blue staining of SDS-PAGE . After these two purification steps, sample is free of E. coli contaminants. Western blotting analysis using specific antigen-N and/or C terminus antibodies shows a heterogeneous pattern of bands with higher and lower MW than the full length protein. This pattern suggests the presence of aggregates and incompletely processed protein and/or degraded one, copurified with the full length protein. EXAMPLE VIII: Construction of E.coli strain B1002 expressing fusion ProtDl/3-E7 Mutated (cys24->gly,glu26->gln ) type HPV16 l)-Construction of expression plasmid Starting material: " a) - Plasmid pRIT 14501 ( = TCA 308) which codes for fusion ProtDl/3-E7 -His b) - Plasmid LITMUS 28 ( New England Biolabs cat n° 306-28 ) , a cloning vector pUC-derived c) - Plasmid pMG MCS ProtD 1/3 ( pRIT 14589) , a derivative of pMG81 (described Supra) in which the codons 4-81 of NSl coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 -» Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.119-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His) Construction of plasmid pRIT 14733( =TCA347): a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E7 mutated ( cys24->gly ,glu26->gln) with His tail The Ncol - Xbal fragment from pRIT 14501 (=TCA 308 ), bearing the coding sequence of E7 gene from HPV 16 , elongated with an His tail , was subcloned in an intermediate vector Litmus 28 useful for mutagenesis to give pRIT 14909 (=TCA337) Double mutations cys24— >gly ( Edmonds and Vousden , J. Virology 63 : 2650 (1989) and glu26~>gln ( Phelps et al , J. Virology 66: 2418-27 ( 1992 ) were chosen to impair the binding to the antioncogene product of Retinoblastome gene ( pRB ). The introduction of mutations in E7 gene was realized with the kit " Quick Change Site directed Mutagenesis ( Stratagene cat n° 200518) to give plasmid pRIT 14681(=TCA343 ) .After verification of presence of mutations and integrity of the complete E7 gene by sequencing , the mutated E7 gene was introduced into vector pRIT 14589 ( = pMG MCS ProtD 1/3 ) to give plasmid pRIT 14733 (=TCA347) (Figure 7). The sequence for the fusion protein-D 1/3 -E 7 mutated ( cys24->gly, glu26- >gln ) -His is described in the figure 8. 2)-Construction of strain B1002 expressing ProtDl/3-E7mutated (cys 24— >gly , glu26~>gln )-His /HPV16 Plasmid pRIT 14733 was introduced into E.coli AR58 ( Mott et al. ,1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 82:88 ) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter ,to give strain B1002 , by selection for transformants resistant to kanamycine 3)-Growth and induction of bacterial strain B1002 - Expression of ProtDl/3-E7 mutated (cys 24->gly , glu26->gln )-His /HPVl 6 Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT 14733 ( B1002 strain ) were - grown at 30°C in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr /ml of Kanamycin.During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of ProtD 1/3 -E7 mutated -His HPVl 6 . The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours . Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20°C. 4)-Characterization of fusion ProtDl/3-E7 mut (cys24->gly, glu26->gln)- His type HPV16. Frozen cells were thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer.Cells were broken in a French Pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20 000 psi ( three passages) . The extract was centrifuged at 16000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 33 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal 22 J 70 anti-protein D, by monoclonal anti E7 /HPV 16 from Zymed and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 3 to5 % of total protein. Cells of B 1002 were separated from the culture broth by centrifugation. The concentrated cells of B 1002 were stored at -65°C. EXAMPLE IX: Purification PROTD1/3 E7 (Dmutant) HPV 16 GENERAL PURIFICATION SCHEME - HPV 16 E 7 Thawed fermentation harvest Purified, fcgjjk. 0.5-1.Omg/mL Storage -20°C ~ a) Preparation of cell suspension The frozen concentrated cells of B 1002 were thawed and resuspended in a cell disruption buffer at +4°C (see table 1) to a final optical density OD 650 of 60 (corresponding to a cell concentration of approximately 25 g DCW L "1 ). b) Cell disruption The cells were disrupted by two passes at 1000 bar through a high-pressure homogeniser (Rannie). The broken cell suspension was collected in a flask maintained at 4°C. CELL DISRUPTION BUFFER: Na 2 HP0 4 (0.02N), NaCl(2M) pH adjusted to 7.5 with HC1 3N (Merck) Purification 2a) Dynamic membrane filtration (DMF ® -PALL FILTRON) 2 Litres of broken cell suspension (OD 60) is loaded on the DMF , a dynamic filtration system from PALL, mounted with a 0.2μm cut-off membrane, concentration from 2 Litres to IL to give sample PCC1 washing at constant volume with 3 volumes (3L) of empigen-EDTA buffer (concentration EDTA 1.86g, Empigen (30%) 3.33mL, PO 4 3" 0.5M 40.00mL 40.00mL) gave sample PD1 concentration from IL to 300mL gave sample PCC2 washing at constant volume with lOvolumes (3L) of empigen buffer (concentration L "1 : Empigen 30%, 3.33mL, P0 4 3" 0.5M 40mL) pH 7.5 gave sample solubilisation of the protein in by addition of the same volume (300 mL) of Guanidine hydrochloride 8M buffer (concentration L "1 Gu.HCl 764g; Empigen 30% 3.33mL , PO 4 3" 0.5M 40mL) pH 7.5 recovery of the protein: Collection of the permeate - sample P3 during Concentration to initial volume (300 mL) and Diafiltration with 3 volume of Guanidine hydrochloride 4M buffer (concentration L '1 : Gu.HCl 328.12g, Empigen (30%) 3.33mL PO 4 3" 0.5M 40.00mL) pH 7.5. All these steps are made in a cold room (2-8°C), pH adjusted with 0.5M PO 4 3" . The P3 fraction is store at -20°C waiting for the next purification step. 2b) Zn-chelating sepharose chromatography The P3 fraction is thawed and injected in a packed and equilibrated Zn- chelating sepharose FF . After that, the column is: Washed with around 3 volumes of Guanidine hydrochloride 4M buffer (see above) - sample Zn-FT Washed with around 5 volumes of Urea 4M buffer (concentration L "1 : Urea 240.24g Empigen 3.33mL PO 4 3" 0.5M 40.00mL) - sample Zn-W Eluted with around 3 volumes of Urea 4M-Imidazole 20mM buffer (concentration L " ' Urea 240.24g, Empigen (30%) 3.33mL Imidazole (1.36g) PO 4 3" 0.5M 40.00mL pH 7.5) buffer as above, but concentration L " ' of Imidazole 34.04g - sample Zn-20 Eluted with Urea 4M-Imidazole 500mM to the end of the UV peak - sample Zn-500 The column is the washed with EDTA 50mM and NaOH 0.5M. Zn chelating sepharose eluate (Zn-500) is stored between 2-8°c before the next purification step. The Zn-chelating sepharose chromatography operations are carried out at room temperature. 2c) Q-sepharose chromatography The Zn-500 fraction is injected in a packed and equilibrated Q-sepharose FF . After that, the column is: Washed with around 7 volumes of Urea 4M buffer (see above) - sample QS-FT Washed with around 10 volumes of Urea 4M buffer without empigen (concentration L '1 Urea 240.24g PO 4 3" 0.5M 40.00 mL) - sample QS-W1 Washed with around 10 volumes of Urea 6M buffer without empigen (Urea 360.36g/L) - sample QS-W2 Eluted with around 5 volumes of Urea 6M-NaCl 200mM buffer (conctration L 1 : Urea 360.36g NaCl 11.69g, 40.00 mL PO 4 3 \ Eluted with around 3 volumes of Urea 6M-NaCl 500mM buffer (as above, but NaCl 29.22g/L). The exact end of the fraction is determined by the end of the UV peak.- sample QS-500 Eluted with 4 volumes of Urea 4M-NaCl 1M buffer (conctration L "1 Urea 360.36, NaCl 58.44 g 40.00 mL PO 4 3 -(0.5) - sample QS-1M The column is then washed with NaOH 0.5M QS-sepharose eluate (QS-500) is stored between 2-8°c before the next purification step. The Q-sepharose chromatography operations are carried out at room temperature. 2d) Ultrafiltration The QS-500 fraction is then treated on a lOkD utrafiltration unit (Ultrasette - Pall Filtron) The product is first concentrated to around lmg /mL of protein and then diafiltrated against 10 volumes of phosphate buffer. The permeate (fraction UF-P) is discarded and the retentate (fraction UF-R) is stored at 2-8°c waiting for final filtration. Ultrafiltration operations are carried out at 2-8°C 2e) Final filtration The final bulk (UF-R fraction) is filtered through a 0.22μm sterile filter (Millipak-Millipore) under laminar flow and in an aseptic class 100 room. The final concentration is between 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL. The sterile bulk is stored at -20°C. EXAMPLE X: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion clyta-E6-his (HPV 16) 1. Construction of expression plasmid a) -Plasmid pRIT14497 (= TCA307), that codes for fusion ProtD l/3-E6-His /HPV16 b)-Plasmid pRIT14661 (= DVA2), an intermediate vector containing the coding sequence for the 117 C-terminal codons of LytA of Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Lyta is derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae which synthesize an N-acetyl-L-alanine amidase, amidase LYTA, (coded by the lytA gene {Gene, 43 (1986) pag 265-272} an autolysin that specifically degrades certain bonds in the peptidoglycan backbone . The C-terminal domain of the LYTA protein is responsible for the affinity to the choline or to some choline analogues such as DEAE. l.b Construction of plasmid pRIT14634 (=TCA332): a plasmid expressing the fusion dyta-E6-His /HPV16 a)The first step was the purification of the large Ncol-Aflll restriction fragment from plasmid pRIT 14497 and the purification of the small Aflll-Afllll restriction fragment from pRIT14661 b)The second step was linking of clyta sequences to the E7-His sequences (Ncol and Afllll are compatible restriction sites) that gave rise to the plasmid pRIT 14634 (=TCA332), coding for the fusion protein clyta-E6-His under the control of the pL promoter, (see figure 9) The coding sequence for the fusion protein clyta-E6-His is decribed in figure 10. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14634 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of clyta-E6-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT14634 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein clyta-E6-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20°C. 4. Characterization of fusion clyta-E6-his Frozen cells were thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells were broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract was centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 33 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti-clyta antibodies and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 3 % of total protein. EXAMPLE XI: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion clyta-E7-h4s (HPV 16) 1. Construction of expression plasmid l.a Starting materials a) -Plasmid pRIT14501 (= TCA308), that codes for fusion ProtD l/3-E7-His /HPV16 b)-Plasmid pRIT14661 (= DVA2), an intermediate vector containing the coding sequence for the 117 C-terminal codons of LytA of Streptococcus Pneumoniae. l.b Construction of plasmid pRIT14626 (=TCA330): a plasmid expressing the fusion clyta-E7-His / HPV16 a) The first step was the purification of the large Ncol-Aflll restriction fragment from plasmid pRIT14501 and the purification of the small Aflll-Afllll restriction fragment from pRIT14661 b) The second step was linking of clyta sequences to the E7-His sequences (Ncol and Afllll are compatible restriction sites)that gave rise to the plasmid pRIT 14626 (=TCA330), coding for the fusion protein clyta-E7-His under the control of the pL promoter. (Figure 11 ) The coding sequence for the fusion protein clyta-E7-His is decribed in figure 12. 2. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14626 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of clyta-E7-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT 14626 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein clyta-E7-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20°C. 4. Characterization of fusion c!yta-E7-his Frozen cells were thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells were broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract was centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 35 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti-clyta antibodies and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 5 % of total protein. EXAMPLE XII: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion clyta-E6E7- his (HPV 16) 1. Construction of expression plasmid l.a Starting materials a ) -Plasmid pRIT14512 (= TCA311), that codes for fusion ProtD l/3-E6E7-His /HPV 16 b)-Plasmid pRIT14661 (= DVA2), an intermediate vector containing the coding sequence for the 117 C-terminal codons of LytA of Streptococcus Pneumoniae. l.b Construction of plasmid pRIT14629 (=TCA331): a plasmid expressing the fusion clyta-E6E7-His /HPV16 a)The first step was the purification of the large Ncol-Aflll restriction fragment from plasmid pRIT14512 and the purification of the small Aflll-Afllll restriction fragment from pRIT 14661 b)The second step was linking of clyta sequences to the E7-His sequences (Ncol and Afllll are compatible restriction sites)that gave rise to the plasmid pRIT 14629 (=TCA331), coding for the fusion protein clyta-E6E7-His under the control of the pL promoter, (see figure 13) The coding sequence for the fusion protein clyta-E6E7-His is decribed in figure 14. 2. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14629 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of clyta-E6E7-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT 14629 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein clyta-E6E7-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20°C. 4. Characterization of fusion clyta-E6E7-his Frozen cells were thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells were broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract was centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 48 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti- clyta antibodies and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 1 % of total protein. EXAMPLE XIII: Prot Dl/3 E7 his (HPV 18) (E.Coli B1011) Protein Dl/3 E7 his HPV expressed with Thioredoxin inTrans (E.Coli B1012) 1) - Construction of expression plasmids l).a.Construction of plasmid TCA316(=pRIT 14532,) a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E7-His /HPV18 Starting materials a) - Plasmid pMG MCS prot Dl/3 (= pRIT14589) is a derivative of pMG81 (described in UK patent application n° 951 3261.9 published as WO97/01640 in which the codons 4-81 of NSl coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 -» Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.l 19-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His) (see figure 15). This plasmid is used to express the fusion protein Dl/3-E7-his. b) - HPV genomic E6 and E7 sequences of prototype HPV18(Cole et al,J.Mol.Biol.(1987)193,599-608) were amplified from HPV16 full length genome cloned in pBR322 (obtained from Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Referenzzentrum fur human pathogen Papillomaviruses - D 69120 - Heidelberg) and were subcloned into pUC19 to give TCA 302 (= pRIT 14467). Construction of plasmid TCA 316(= pRIT14532) The nucleotides sequences corresponding to amino acids 1 — > 105 of E7 protein were amplified from pRIT 14467. During the polymerase chain reaction, Ncol and Spel restriction sites were generated at the 5' and 3' ends of the E7 sequences allowing insertion into the same sites of plasmid pMGMCS Prot Dl/3 to give plasmid TCA316 (= pRIT 14532). The insert was sequenced and a modification versus E7/HPV18 prototype sequence was identified in E7 gene (nucleotide 128 G->A) generating a substitution " of a glycine by a glutamic acid (aa 43 in E7 , position 156 in fusion protein). The sequence for the fusion protein- Dl/3-E7-His /HPV18 is described in figure 16. l).b. Construction of plasmid TCA313 (=pRIT14523): a plasmid expressing thioredoxin Starting materials a) - Plasmid pBBR!MCS4(Antoine R. and C.Locht,Mol.Microbiol. 1992,6,1785-1799 ; M.E.Kovach et al. Biotechniques H>, (5), 800-802 )which is compatible with plasmids containing ColEl or PI 5a origins of replication. b) - Plasmid pMG42 (described in WO93/04175) containing the sequence of promoter pL of Lambda phage c) - Plasmid pTRX ( Invitrogen, kit Thiofusion K350-01) bearing the coding sequence for thioredoxin followed by AspA transcription terminator. Construction of plasmid TCA313(=pRIT14523) The fragment EcoRI-Ndel fragment from pMG42, bearing pL promoter and the Ndel-Hindlll fragment from pTRX, bearing the coding sequence for thioredoxin followed by AspA terminator, were purified and ligated into the EcoRI and Hindlll sites of plasmid vector pBBRlMCS4 to give plasmid TCA313(= pRIT14523) (see figure 17) . The sequence for thioredoxin is described in figure 18. 2) - Transformation of AR58 strain 2).a. To obtain strain B1011 expressing ProtDl/3-E7-His/HPV18 Plasmid pRIT14532 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al, 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter , by selection for transformants resistant to kanamycine. 2).b. Construction of strain B1012 expressing ProtDl/3-E7-His/HPV18 and thioredoxin Plasmid pRIT14532 and pRIT14523 were introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter ,by double selection for transformants resistant to kanamycin and ampicillin. 3) - Growth and induction of bacterial strains B1011 and B1012 - Expression of Prot-Dl/3-E7-His/HPV18 without and with thioredoxin in trans Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmids pRIT14532 ( B1011 strain) and Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmids pRIT14532 and pRIT14523 (B1012 strain) were grown at 30°c in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin for B 1011 strain and supplemented 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin and 100 μgr/ml of Ampicillin for B 1012 strain . During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein Dl/3-E7-his/HPV18 and thioredoxin. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20°C. Characterization of fusion Protein Dl/3-E7-his /HPV18 Preparation of extracts Frozen cells are thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells are broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract is centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Analysis on Coomassie-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gels and Western blots After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. The fusion protDl/3-E7-His (about 31 kDa) was visualised by Coomassie stained gels in the pellet fraction for strain BlOl 1 and partially localized (30%) in the supernatant fraction for strain B 1012 and was identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti-protein-D and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 1-3% of total protein as shown on a Coomassie-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel. For the extract of strain B 1012 the thioredoxin ( about 12 KDa) was visualised by coomassie stained gel in the supernatant and identified in western blots by monoclonal anti thioredoxin ( Invitrogen R920-25) Purification of Prot Dl/3 E7-his/HPV18 Recombinant HPV 18-ProtD l/3-E7-His is expressed in E. coli (as described above) AR58 strain. All steps are performed at room temperature (RT ~ 22°C). Proteins are followed by monitoring OD 280 nm . Between steps, antigens positive fractions are kept at -20°C. Purified antigen is stable one week at -20°C and 4°C (no degradation) but appears more susceptible to oxidation after incubation at 37°C. d) - Solubility Protein solubility is pH dependent (see below) with decrease of solubility for pH<7.4: PBS pH 7.4 686 μg/ml 100% PBS pH 7.2 560 μg/ml 81% PBS pH 7.0 498 μg/ml 72% PBS pH6.8 327 μg/ml 48% e) - The HPV 18 Prot Dl/3 E7 proteiin is composed of 227 amino acids. Its theoretical molecular weight is 25.9 kDa, and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.83. It migrates at about 31.5 kDa in reducing SDS PAGE. EXAMPLE XIV: Purification of HPV 18 Protein Dl/3 E7 a) - Solubilisation Cell paste is suspended to 60 OD 600 in 2 M NaCl, 20 mM Phosphate. (NaH 2 PO4/K 2 HPO4) pH 7.6 prior cell lysis by two passes through a Rannie disruptor. Lysed cells are pelleted 30 min at 9,000 rpm in a JA 10 rotor at 4°C. In ._. order to reduce endotoxin level, bacterial cell pellet containing the recombinant protein is washed once in 5 mM EDTA, 2 M NaCl, PBS pH 7.4; once in 4 M urea, 20 mM Phosphate pH 7.4 and finally once in PBS pH 7.4 to eliminate trace of EDTA (each wash is performed in twice volume used for cell suspension). HPVl 8- Prot.Dl/3-E7-His (TIT for Thioredoxin In Trans) is solubilised (in the same volume used for cell suspension) by 6 M Guanidine-Chloride, 50 mM PO4 pH 7.6 overnight at 4 °C. Cell debris are pelleted 30 min at 9,000 rpm in a JA 10 rotor at 4°C. Supernatant is supplemented with 0.5% Empigen BB and incubated 30 min at RT. b) - Purification l).a.Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography 125. ml of sample are loaded onto a Zn 2+ -Chelating Sepharose FF column (XK 26/20, Pharmacia; 50 ml gel/ 125 ml solubilisation) preequihbrated in 0.5%> Empigen BB, 6 M Guanidine-Chloride, 50 mM PO4 pH 7.6 at 4 ml/min. Column is washed by Guanidine Chloride 6M, PO4 50 mM pH 7.6 until the base line is reached then by 6 M urea, 0.5 M NaCl, 50 mM PO4 pH 7.6. Antigen is eluted by 0.25 M-Imidazole in 6 M urea, 0.5 M NaCl, 50 mM PO4 pH 7.6, at 2 ml/min (Fig. IB). IMAC-eluted sample is dialyzed at 4°C versus PBS pH 7.4 l).b. Affi-Prep ® Polymixin (Bio-Rad) To reduce endotoxin level, 28 mg (37 ml) of antigen are incubated in batch mode with 2 ml of Affiprep Polymyxin resin prequilibrated in PBS pH 7.4, over night at room temperature. Protein recovery is estimate at 60% and endotoxin content is reduced 6.5 times. l).c. Analysis Purified antigen analyzed on reducing-SDS-PAGE presents a major 30 kDa band with a second one at 55 kDa, after Coomassie Blue or Silver Staining. In a non reducing SDS-PAGE, HPV-18-ProtDl/3-E7-His appears mainly like a smear with Molecular Weight > 175 kDa. However this oxidation can be reversed by addition of 5 mM of β-Mercapto-Ethanol. This pattern is confirmed by anti ProtD or by anti His Western Blotting analysis. c) - Stability Purified antigen is stable one week at -20°C and 4°C (no degradation) but appears more susceptible to oxidation after incubation at 37°C. d) - Solubility Protein solubility is pH dependent ( see below) with decrease of solubility for pH < 7.4: PBS pH 7.4 686 μg/ml 100% PBS pH 7.2 560 μg/ml 81% PBS pH 7.0 498 μg/ml 72% PBS pH 6.8 327 μg/ml 48% HPV18-ProtDl/3-E7-His protein is composed of 227 amino acids. Its theoretical molecular weight is 25.9 kDa. It migrates at about 31.5 kDa in reducing SDS-PAGE. Theoretical isoelectric point is 5.83. EXAMPLE XV: Construction of E.coli strain B1098 expressing fusion ProtDl/3-E7 Mutated (cys27->gly,glu29->gln ) type HPV18 l)-Construction of expression plasmid Starting material: a) - Plasmid pRIT 14532 ( = TCA 316) which codes for fusion ProtDl/3-E7 -His b) - Plasmid LITMUS 28 ( New England Biolabs cat n° 306-28 ) , a cloning vector pUC-derived c) - Plasmid pMG MCS ProtD 1/3 ( pRIT 14589) , a derivative of pMG81 (described supra) in which the codons 4-81 of NSl coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 - Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.l 19-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His) Construction of plasmid pRIT 14831( =TCA355): a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E7 mutated ( cys27->gly ,glu29->gln) with His tail The Ncol - Xbal fragment from pRIT 14532 (=TCA 316 ), bearing the coding sequence of E7 gene from HPV 18 , elongated with an His tail , was subcloned in an intermediate vector Litmus 28 useful for mutagenesis to give pRIT 14910 (=TCA348) By analogy with E7/HPV16 mutagenesis, double mutations cys27~>gly and glu29~>gln were chosen to impair the binding to the antioncogene product of Retinoblastome gene ( pRB ). The introduction of mutations in E7 gene was realized with the kit " Quick — Change Site directed Mutagenesis ( Stratagene cat n° 200518) .As the sequencing of pRIT14532 had pointed out the presence of a glutamic acid in position 43 of E7 instead of a glycine in the prototype sequence of HPV 18 , a second cycle of mutagenesis was realized to introduce a glycine in position 43 . We obtained plasmid pRIT 14829 ( = TCA353 ). After verification of presence of mutations and integrity of the complete E7 gene by sequencing , the mutated E7 gene was introduced into vector pRIT 14589 ( = pMG MCS ProtDl/3 ) to give plasmid pRIT 14831 (=TCA355) (see figure 17). The sequence for the fusion protein-D 1/3 -E 7 mutated ( cys27->gly, glu29- >gln ) -His is described in the figure 18. 2)Construction of strain B1098 expressing ProtDl/3-E7mutated (cys 27— >gly , glu29-->gln )-His /HPV18 Plasmid pRIT 14831 was introduced into E.coli AR58 ( Mott et al. ,1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 82:88 ) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter ,to give strain B 1098 , by selection for transformants resistant to kanamycin. 3)-Growth and induction of bacterial strain B1098 - Expression of ProtDl/3-E7 mutated (cys 27->gly , glu29->gln )-His /HPV18 Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT 14831 ( B1098 strain ) were grown at 30°C in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr /ml of Kanamycin. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of ProtD 1/3 -E7 mutated -His /HPVl 8 . The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at - 20°C. 4)-Characterization of fusion ProtDl/3-E7 mut (cys24->gly, glu26->gln)- His type HPV16 Frozen cells were thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells were broken in a French Pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20 000 psi ( three passages) . The extract was centrifuged at 16000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Analysis on Coomassie stained SDS-polyacrylamide gels and Western blots After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 31 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal 22 J 70 anti-protein D and by monoclonal Penta-His (Qiagen cat. n° 34660) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 3 to5 %> of total protein. EXAMPLE XVI: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion Protein- Dl/3-E6-his / HPV18 1. Construction of expression plasmid a) Plasmid pMG MCS prot Dl/3 (= pRIT14589) is a derivative of pMG81 (described supra) in which the codons 4-81 of NSl coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 — » Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.l 19-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His). This plasmid is used to express the fusion protein Dl/3-E6-his. HPV genomic E6 and E7 sequences type HPV 18 (Cole et al., J. Mol. Biol. 1987, 193 , p.599-608. ) were amplified from HPVl 8 full length genome cloned in pBR322 (obtained from Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Referenzzentrum fur human pathogen Papillomaviruses - D 69120 - Heidelberg) and were subcloned into pUC19 to give TCA 302 (= pRIT14467). Construction of plasmid TCA 314(= pRIT14526) : a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E6-His /HPV18 The nucleotides sequences corresponding to amino acids 1 - 158 of E6 protein were amplified from pRIT 14467. During the polymerase chain reaction, Ncol and Spel restriction sites were generated at the 5' and 3' ends of the E6 sequences allowing insertion into the same sites of plasmid pMGMCS Prot Dl/3 to give plasmid TCA314 (= pRIT14526) (see figure 21). The insert was sequenced to verify that no modification had been generated during the polymerase chain reaction. The coding sequence for the fusion protein-D l/3-E6-His is described in figure 22. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14526 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of Prot-Dl/3-E6-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT14526 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein Dl/3-E6-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20C. 4. Characterization of fusion Protein Dl/3-E6-his Frozen cells are thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells are broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The extract is centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 32 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti- protein-D and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 3-5 %> of total protein. EXAMPLE XVII: Construction of an E. coli strain expressing fusion Protein- Dl/3-E6E7-his / HPV18 1. Construction of expression plasmid a) Plasmid pMG MCS prot Dl/3 (= pRIT14589) is a derivative of pMG81 (described supra) in which the codons 4-81 of NSl coding region from Influenza were replaced by the codons corresponding to residues Ser 20 -> Thr 127 of mature protein D of Haemophilus Influenzae strain 772, biotype 2 (H. Janson et al, 1991, Infection and Immunity, Jan. p.l 19-125). The sequence of Prot-Dl/3 is followed by a multiple cloning site (11 residues) and a coding region for a C-terminal histidine tail (6 His). This plasmid is used to express the fusion protein Dl/3-E6E7-his. b ) HPV genomic E6 and E7 sequences type HPV 18 (Cole et al., J.Mol.Biol. 1987, - 193, 599-608) were amplified from HPV 18 full length genome cloned in pBR322 (obtained from Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Referenzzentrum fur human pathogen Papillomaviruses - D 69120 - Heidelberg) and were subcloned into pUC19 to give TCA 302 (= pRIT14467). c) The coding sequences for E6 and E7 in TCA302 (= pRIT 14467) were modified with a synthetic oligonucleotides adaptor (inserted between Hga I and Nsi I sites) introducing a deletion of 11 nucleotides between E6 and E7 genes, removing the stop codon of E6 and creating fused E6 and E7 coding sequences in the plasmid TCA320( = pRIT 14618 ) see figure 23. Construction of plasmid TCA 328(= pRIT14567) : a plasmid expressing the fusion Protein-Dl/3-E6E7-His /HPV18 The nucleotides sequences corresponding to amino acids 1 — » 263 of fused E6E7 protein were amplified from pRIT14618. During the polymerase chain reaction, Ncol and Spel restriction sites were generated at the 5' and 3' ends of the E6E7 fused sequences allowing insertion into the same sites of plasmid pMGMCS Prot Dl/3 to give plasmid TCA328 (= pRIT14567) (see figure 24). The insert was sequenced to verify that no modification had been generated during the polymerase chain reaction. The coding sequence for the fusion protein-D 1/3 -E6E7- His is described in figure 25. 2. Transformation of AR58 strain Plasmid pRIT14567 was introduced into E. coli AR58 (Mott et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:88) a defective λ lysogen containing a thermosensitive repressor of the λ pL promoter. 3. Growth and induction of bacterial strain - Expression of Prot-Dl/3-E6E7-His Cells of AR58 transformed with plasmid pRIT14512 were grown in 100 ml of LB medium supplemented with 50 μgr/ml of Kanamycin at 30°C. During the logarithmic phase of growth bacteria were shifted to 39°C to inactivate the λ repressor and turn on the synthesis of protein Dl/3-E6E7-his. The incubation at 39°C was continued for 4 hours. Bacteria were pelleted and stored at -20C. 4. Characterization of fusion Protein Dl/3-E6E7-his Frozen cells are thawed and resuspended in 10 ml of PBS buffer. Cells are broken in a French pressure cell press SLM Aminco at 20.000 psi (three passages). The — extract is centrifuged at 16.000 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. After centrifugation of extracts described above, aliquots of supernatant and pellet were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band of about 48 kDa, localized in the pellet fraction, was visualised by Coomassie stained gels and identified in Western blots by rabbit polyclonal anti- protein-D and by Ni-NTA conjugate coupled to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen cat. n° 34510) which detects accessible histidine tail. The level of expression represents about 1 %> of total protein. EXAMPLE XVIII: Vaccine Formulations Vaccines are formulated with a Protein from the above examples expressed in E. coli from the strain AR58, and as adjuvant, the formulation comprising a mixture of 3 de -O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A (3D-MPL) and aluminium hydroxide or 3D-MPL and/or QS21 optionally in an oil/water emulsion, and optionally formulated with cholesterol. 3D-MPL: is a chemically detoxified form of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella minnesota. Experiments performed at Smith Kline Beecham Biologicals have shown that 3D-MPL combined with various vehicles strongly enhances both the humoral and a TH1 type of cellular immunity. QS21: is one saponin purified from a crude extract of the bark of the Quillaja Saponaria Molina tree, which has a strong adjuvant activity: it activates both antigen- specific lymphoproliferation and CTLs to several antigens. Vaccine containing an antigen of the invention containing 3D-MPL and alum may be prepared in analogous manner to that described in WO93/19780 or 92/16231. Experiments performed at Smith Kline Beecham Biologicals have demonstrated a clear synergistic effect of combinations of 3D-MPL and QS21 in the induction of both humoral and TH1 type cellular immune responses. Vaccines containing an antigen such antigens are described in US 5750110. The oil/water emulsion is composed of 2 oils (a tocopherol and squalene), and of PBS containing Tween 80 as emulsifier. The emulsion comprised 5%> squalene 5%> tocopherol 0.4% Tween 80 and had an average particle size of 180 nm and is known _ as SB62 (see WO 95/17210). Experiments performed at Smith Kline Beecham Biologicals have proven that the adjunction of this O/W emulsion to MPL/QS21 further increases their immunostimulant properties. Preparation of emulsion SB62 (2 fold concentrate) Tween 80 is dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to give a 2% solution in the PBS. To provide 100 ml two fold concentrate emulsion 5g of DL alpha tocopherol and 5ml of squalene are vortexed to mix thoroughly. 90ml of PBS/Tween solution is added and mixed thoroughly. The resulting emulsion is then passed through a syringe and finally microfluidised by using an Ml 1 OS microfluidics machine. The resulting oil droplets have a size of approximately 180 nm. Preparation of Prot.Dl/3 E7 QS21/3D MPL oil in water formulation ProtDl/3-E7 (5μg) was diluted in 10 fold concentrated PBS pH 6.8 and H 2 O before consecutive addition of SB62, 3 D MPL (5μg), QS21 (5μg) and 50 μg/ml thiomersal as preservative at 5 min interval. The emulsion volume is equal to 50% of the total volume (50μl for a dose of lOOμl). All incubations were carried out at room temperature with agitation. The adjuvants controls without antigen were prepared by replacing the protein by PBS. Tumour Regression Experiments (HPV 16) with PROT D E7 Vaccine antigen: fusion protein ProtD E7 Protein D is a lipoprotein exposed on the surface of the Gram-negative bacteria Haemophilus influenzae. The inclusion of the 109 first residues of the protein D as fusion partner is incorporated to provide the vaccine antigen with bystander help properties. The antigen was formulated with QS21 3D-MPL and SB62 as described supra. EXAMPLE XIX: In vivo Tumour Regression Experiments Tumour cell line TCI: Primary lung epithelial cells from C57BL.6 mice were immortalised by HPV 16 E6 and E7 and then transformed with an activated ras oncogene, producing a tumourigenic cell line expressing E6 and E7 (Lin KY et al. 1996). The E7 expression- has been verified by FACS analysis of fixed and permeabilised TCI cells using the mouse anti-HP V 16 E7 Mab (Triton Corp. Alameda, CA) Tumour growth: TCI cells growing in vitro culture were trypsinised, washed two times in serum-free medium and were injected S.C. in the right flank of the mice. To assess treatment of established tumours, TCI cells were injected at a dose of 3 X 10e4 cells/mouse. One and two weeks after the tumour cell injection, mice were vaccinated with 5 μg in 100 μl of protD 1/3 E7 His intra foot pad (50 μl / foot pad) in PBS or in the 3D-MPL, QS21 and SB62 or with PBS or with the adjuvant alone. Five C57BL/6 mice (Iffa Credo) were used in each group. Mice were monitored twice a week for tumour growth. The mean tumour mass/group is shown in figure 26, the mice vaccinated with protD 1/3 E7 His in PBS or with PBS or the adjuvant alone developed progressively growing tumours (0-1 tumour-free animal/group). On the contrary, four out of five mice vaccinated with protD 1/3 E7 His in adjuvant did not develop a tumour, one animal developed a very small and stable tumour at day 40. This results indicate that the protein protD 1/3 E7 His from HPV 16 formulated in adjuvant is able to induce the regression of small established tumours expressing this antigen. Immunological read out Proliferation assay: For in vitro assay, Lymphocytes were prepared by crushing the spleen or the popliteal lymph nodes from the vaccinated mice at day 69. An aliquot of 2 X 10e5 cells was plated in triplicate in 96 well plates with decreasing concentrations (10, 1, 0.1 μg/ml) of protD 1/3 E7 His coated or not onto latex microbeads (Sigma) to restimulate the cells in vitro (72 Hrs). T cell proliferation was measured by 3H thymidine incorporation. Figure 27 and 28 compares the ability of protD E7 to stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes and lymph node cells primed in vivo either by PBS, 3D- MPL, QS21 SB62, ProtDl/3 E7 His and ProtDl/3 E7 His + the adjuvant of 3D-MPL, QS21, SB62 and shows that high proliferative responses in spleen were detected only in mice immunised with protD 1/3 E7 His in adjuvant compared to the other groups. Antibody response Individual serum were taken at the same time as the organs were taken and submitted to indirect ELISAs. 5 μg/ml ofpurified E7 protein was used as coated antigen. After saturation in PBS + 1%) newborn calf serum 1 Hr at 37°C, the sera were serially diluted ( starting at 1/100) in the saturation buffer and incubated O/N at 4°C or 90min at 37°C. After washing in PBS Tween 20 0.1%), biotinylated goat Anti mouse Ig (1/1000) or goat anti mouse Ig subclass (total IgG, IgGl, IgG2a, IgG2b) antisera (1/5000) were used as second antibodies , after an incubation of 90 min at 37°C, streptavidin coupled to peroxydase was added and TMB (tetra-methyl-benzidine / peroxide) was used as substrate, after 10 min. the reaction was stopped with H2SO4 0.5 M and the O.D.450 was determined. The subclass-specific anti E7 titers elicited by the vaccinations in the different groups of mice are shown in Figure 29 as a comparison of the relative mean midpoint dilution of the serum. These results show that a weak antibody response is triggered with 2 injections of ProtD 113 E7 HPV 16 alone. Much more anti-E7 antibodies are generated when ProtD 1/3 E7 was injected in the presence of the adjuvant SB62, QS21 + 3D-MPL. No IgA nor IgM were detected in any of the serum samples even in the serum of the mice that received ProtD 1/3 E7 in the adjuvant SB62, QS21 + 3D-MPL (data not shown) On the contrary, the total IgG level was slightly increased by the vaccination of the mice with ProtD 1/3 E7 alone and was greatly increased by the addition of the adjuvant SB62, QS21 + 3D-MPL to the protein. The analysis of the concentrations of the different IgG subclass show that a mixed antibody response has been induced as the concentration of all types of IgG subclass analyzed (IgGl, IgG2a, and IgG2b) were increased in the serum of the mice that received the adjuvanted antigen, compared to the concentration observed in the serum of mice that received the antigen or the adjuvant alone. The predominant isotype found was IgG2b which represented more than 80%> of the total of IgG), this isotype is generally said to be associated with the induction of a TH1 type immune response. EXAMPLE XX: In vivo Tumour Protection Experiments Mice were immunised 2 times at 14 days interval with either PBS, adjuvant of example 1, 5 μg of protD 1/3 E7 His or 5 μg of protD 1/3 E7 His in the adjuvant of example 1 intra foot pad in a volume of 100 μl (50 μl/foot pad). Tumour growth: Four weeks after the latest vaccination mice were challenged with 2X10e5 TCI cells/mouse S.C. in the flank. TCI cells growing in vitro culture, were trypsinised and washed two times in serum-free medium and injected. 5 mice used in each group were monitored twice a week for tumour growth. Figure 30 shows that vaccination with the E7 protein in the SB62 QS21, 3D- MPL adjuvant protect the mice against the development of tumour (only one animal/5 has a very small and stable tumour) in all the other groups, that received the E7 protein without the adjuvant or the adjuvant alone developed growing tumours. Immunological read out Three weeks after the latest vaccination, before the tumour challenge 5 mice in each group were sacrified for immunological read out. Proliferation assay For in vitro assay, Lymphocytes were prepared as described above from the spleen and from the popliteal draining lymph nodes. An aliquot of 2 X 10e5 cells was plated in triplicate in 96 well plates with decreasing concentrations (10, 1, 0.1 μg/ml) of protD 1/3 E7 His coated or not onto latex microbeads (Sigma) to restimulate the cells in vitro (72 Hrs). T cell proliferation was measured by 3H thymidine incorporation. Figure 31 and 32 show repectively that, both with splenocytes or popliteal lymph node cells, as it was observed in the therapeutic settings , a better lymphoproliferative activity was obtained for the mice that received the E7 protein in the SB62 QS21, 3D-MPL adjuvant antibody response. Figure 33 shows that as in the therapeutic settings, a better antibody response was observed in the serum of mice vaccinated with the ProtD 1/3 E7 protein formulated in the 3D-MPL, QS21 O/W adjuvant. A mixed antibody response was triggered, as all the IgG subclass tested (IgG 2a, IgG2b, IgGl), in this case also, IgG2b was the predominant isotype found, representing 75%> of the total IgG. EXAMPLE XXI: Vaccination experiments with Prot Dl/3 E7 (HPV 18) Mice were vaccinated twice, 2 weeks apart , with 5 μg in 100 μl of protD 1/3 18 E7 His intra foot pad (50 μl / foot pad) in PBS or QS21 , 3D-MPL and SB62, DQ MPL as described in WO96/33739 or DQ alum MPL as described in WO98/15827. Eight 6-8 weeks old Balb/c mice (Iffa Credo) were used in each group. 14 days post II, the spleen and lymph nodes were taken for immunological read out and blood sampling for serology. • Immunological read out: Proliferation assay: For in vitro assay, lymphocytes were prepared by crushing the spleen or the popliteal lymph nodes from the vaccinated mice at day 28 An aliquot of 2 X 10e5 cells was plated in triplicate in 96 well plates with decreasing concentrations (10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 μg/ml) of protD 1/3 18 E7 His to restimulate the cells in vitro (72 Hrs). T cell proliferation was measured by 3H thymidine incorporation.The results are expressed as stimulation index (cpm sample/ cpm baseline) Figure 34 and 35 compares the ability of protD 1/3 18 E7 to stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes or lymph node cells primed in vivo either by ProtD 1/3 18 E7 His or Prot Dl/3 18 E7 His + adjuvant and shows that only a basal lymphoproliferation is seen in mice that received the protein alone, on the contrary, high proliferative responses in spleen and very high responses in lymph nodes were detected in mice immunised with protD 1/3 18 E7 His in adjuvant. Cytokine production • The cytokines (IL-5 and IFNg) produced in the culture supernatant after a 96 Hrs period of in vitro re-stimulation of spleen or lymph node cells, with medium or with the ProtDl/3 18E7 (1 or 3 μg/ml) was measured by ELISA as described: • IFNg (Genzyme) Quantitation of IFNγ was performed by Elisa using reagents from Genzyme. Samples and antibody solutions were used at 50 μl per well. 96-well microtiter plates - 47 - SUBSTΓΠΠΈ SHEET (RULE 26) (Maxisorb Immuno-plate, Nunc, Denmark) were coated overnight at 4°c with 50μl of hamster anti-mouse IFNg diluted at 1.5 μg/ml in carbonate buffer pH 9.5. Plates were then incubated for lhr at 37°c with 100 μl of PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1 %> Tween 20 (saturation buffer).Two-fold dilutions of supernatant from in vitro stimulation (starting at 1/2) in saturation buffer were added to the anti- IFNg-coated plates and incubated for 1 hr 30 at 37°c. The plates were washed 4 times with PBS Tween 0.1%) (wash buffer) and biotin-conjugated goat anti-mouse IFNg diluted in saturation buffer at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/ml was added to each well and incubated for 1 hr at 37°c. After a washing step, AMDEX conjugate (Amersham) diluted 1/10000 in saturation buffer was added for 30 min at 37°c. Plates were washed as above and incubated with 50 μl of TMB (Biorad) for 15 min. The reaction was stopped with H 2 SO 4 0.4N and read at 450 nm. Concentrations were calculated using a standard curve (mouse IFNγ standard) by SoftmaxPro (four parameters equation) and expressed in pg/ml. • IL5 (Pharmingen ) Quantitation of IL5 was performed by Elisa using reagents from Pharmingen. Samples and antibody solutions were used at 50 μl per well. 96-well microtiter plates (Maxisorb Immuno-plate, Nunc, Denmark) were coated overnight at 4°c with 50μl of rat anti-mouse IL5 diluted at 1 μg/ml in carbonate buffer pH 9.5. Plates were then incubated for lhr at 37°c with 100 μl PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1%) Tween 20 (saturation buffer). Two-fold dilutions of supernatant from in vitro stimulation (starting at 1/2) in saturation buffer were added to the anti-IFNg-coated plates and incubated for 1 hr 30 at 37°c. The plates were washed 4 times with PBS Tween 0.1 %> (wash buffer) and biotin-conjugated rat anti-mouse IL5 diluted in saturation buffer at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml was added to each well and incubated for 1 hr at 37°c. After a washing step, AMDEX conjugate (Amersham) diluted 1/10000 in saturation buffer was added for 30 min at 37°c. Plates were washed as above and incubated with 50 μl of TMB (Biorad) for 15 min. The reaction was stopped with H 2 SO 4 0.4N and read at 450 nm. Concentrations were calculated using a standard curve (recombinant mouse IL5) by SoftmaxPro (four parameters equation) and expressed in pg/ml. Starting with spleen cells, no IL-5 could be detected whatever the group tested, on the contrary, a very high production of IFNg production was observed in all groups, with only a slight increase in the group of mice that received the SBASlc — adjuvanted protein compared to the other groups. This suggest the induction of a TH1 type of immune response. Regarding lymph node cells, a very weak IFNg production was obtained in the group of mice that received the protein alone and a 5-10 fold increase is observed with the adjuvanted protein. IL5 could only be detected in the group of mice receiving the SBAS2 adjuvanted protein. Figure 36 and 37 compares the ability of ProtD 1/3 18 E7 His to stimulate the production of cytokines 'IFNg and IL5) after in vitro re-stimulation of spleen or lymph node cells respectively. Antibody response Individual serum were taken at the same time as the organs and submitted to indirect ELIS As. 2.5 μg/ml of purified of protDl/3 18E7 protein HPVl 8 was used as coated antigen. After saturation in PBS + 1%> newborn calf serum 1 Hr at 37°C, the sera were serially diluted ( starting at 1/100) in the saturation buffer and incubated O/N at 4°C or 90min at 37°C. After washing in PBS Tween 20 0.1%, biotinylated goat Anti mouse Ig (1/1000) or goat anti mouse Ig subclass (total IgG, IgGl, IgG2a, IgG2b) antisera (1/5000) were used as second antibodies , after an incubation of 90 min at 37°C, streptavidin coupled to peroxydase was added and TMB (tetra- methyl-benzidine / peroxide) was used as substrate, after 10 min. the reaction was stopped with H2SO4 0.5 M and the O.D.450 was determined. A very weak antibody response is triggered with 2 injections of ProtD 1/3 18 E7 alone. The total IgG level was greatly increased by the addition of adjuvants to the protein vaccine. The analysis of the concentrations of the different IgG subclass show that when the protein was injected in the presence of adjuvants, DQS21 3D-MPL or SB62, QS21/3D-MPL, a slight increase of the IgG2a subtype percentage was obtained: 28%> IgGl, 48%> IgG2a and 43% IgGl, 44% IgG2a respectively, compared to 46% of IgGl, 32%o of IgG2a with the non adjuvanted protein . The strongest antibody response is obtained with the protein formulated in DQ alum with a clear shift in the isotype concentration (80%> IgGl, 8% IgG2a). As the IgG2a isotype in Balb/c mice is generally conidered to be associated with the induction of a THl type of immune- response, these results suggested that the DQS21, 3D-MPL and SB62 QS21/3D-MPL adjuvants tend toincrease the THl type profile of the humoral response while SBAS5 induce a clear TH2 type of response. Figure 38. The comparison of the midpoint dilution of the serum and relative percentage of the different isotypes elicited by the vaccinations in the different groups of mice are shown. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that the fused protein: 1/3 Prot D and early protein E7 of HPV 16 induced a potent systemic antitumour immunity and the fusion protein ProtD 1/3 and E7 of HPV 18 has also been showed to be immunogenic in mice Vaccination with the prot Dl/3 E7 HPV 16 fusion protein protected the mice from a tumour challenge with E7 expressing tumour cells and eliminated small pre- established tumours expressing the E7 of HPV 16 injected at a distant site from the vaccination site. We have demonstrated that the ProtD 1/3 E7 HPV 16 protein in adjuvant is capable of enhancing helper T cell proliferation suggesting that the antitumour immune response induced by this vaccine is at least in part associated with a CD4+ T cell response. We have also demonstrated that a better antibody response was triggered by the vaccination with the ProtD 1/3 E7 in the presence of the 3D-MPL containing adjuvant. The predominant isotype found in the serum of C57BL/6 mice being IgG2b suggesting that a THl type immune response was raised.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An E6 or E7 protein or E6/E7 fusion protein from HPV linked to an immunological fusion partner. 2. A protein as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fusion partner is selected from the group; protein D or a fragment thereof from Heamophilius influenzae B, lipoprotein D or fragment thereof from Heamophilius influenzae B, NSl or fragment thereof from Influenzae Virus, and LYTA or fragment thereof from Streptococcus Pneumoniae. 3. A protein as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the E6 or E7 proteins are derived from HPV16 or HPV18. 4. A protein as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the E7 protein is mutated. 5. A protein as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the E6 protein is mutated. 6. A protein as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 additionally comprising a hisitidine tag of at least 4 hisitidine residues. 7. A fusion protein comprising a heterologous protein, a hisitidine tag and a C- LYTA tag. 8. A DNA sequence encoding a protein as claimed herein. 9. A vaccine containing a protein as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or excipient. 10. A vaccine as claimed in claim 9 additionally comprising an adjuvant. 11. A vaccine as claimed in claim 9 or 10 wherein the protein is presented in an oil in water emulsion vehicle. 12. A vaccine as claimed in claim 10 or 11 wherein the adjuvant comprises 3D- MPL or QS21 or both. 13. A vaccine as claimed herein comprising an additional HPV antigen. 14. A vaccine as claimed herein for use in medicine. 15. Use of a protein as claimed herein for the manufacture of a vaccine for immunotherapeutically treating a patient suffering from HPV induced tumour lesions (benign or malignant). 16. Use of a protein as claimed herein for the manufacture of a vaccine to prevent HPV viral infection. 17. A vector containing a DNA sequence of claim 8. 18. A vector containing a DNA sequence as claimed in claim 8 and a DNA sequence encoding thioredoxin. 19. A host transformed with a DNA sequence of claim 8. 20. A host transformed with a vector of claim 17 or 18. 21. A host as claimed in claim 19 additionally transformed with a DNA sequence encoding thioredoxin. 22. A process for the production of a protein as claimed herein comprising transforming a host cell with a DNA sequence of claim 6, expressing said sequence and isolating the desired product. 23. A process for the production of a vaccine as claimed herein, comprising admixing a protein as claimed herein with a suitable adjuvant, diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Inventors: BRUCK CLAUDINE, CABEZON SILVA TERESA, DELISSE ANNE-MARIE EVA FERNAND, GERARD CATHERINE MARIE GHISLAI, LOMBARDO-BENCHEIKH ANGELA, BRUCK, CLAUDINE, CABEZON SILVA, TERESA, DELISSE, ANNE-MARIE, EVA, FERNANDE, GERARD, CATHERINE, MARIE, GHISLAINE, LOMBARDO-BENCHEIKH, ANGELA
Applicants: BRUCK CLAUDINE, CABEZON SILVA TERESA, DELISSE ANNE MARIE EVA FERNAND, GERARD CATHERINE MARIE GHISLAI, LOMBARDO BENCHEIKH ANGELA, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOLOG, BRUCK, CLAUDINE, CABEZON SILVA, TERESA, DELISSE, ANNE-MARIE, EVA, FERNANDE, GERARD, CATHERINE, MARIE, GHISLAINE, LOMBARDO-BENCHEIKH, ANGELA, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOLOGICALS S.A.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: C07K14
IPC codes: A61K9, A61K39, A61P31, A61P35, A61P37, C07K14, C07K19, C12N1, C12N5, C12N15, C12P21