Solenoid-controlled pilot-operated three-position switching valve

Abstract: There is provided a three-position switching valve that uses the working force of a pilot fluid to hold a spool at a neutral position, to allow the spool to be switched without being affected by the reaction force of a return spring. The valve includes a valve hole 5 in which the spool 6 is accommodated. At each end of the valve hole 5, a drive chamber 10a or 10b, to and from which a pilot fluid is supplied and ejected to drive a spool 6, is provided adjacent a smaller piston chamber 12a or 12b into which a pilot fluid is constantly introduced. Linking members 14a or 14b are interposed between the spool 6 and piston 13a or 13b accommodated in each piston chamber 12a or 12b. A return spring 18 is interposed between each linking member 14a or 14b and the respective piston 13a or 13b, respectively. The pistons 13a or 13b hold the spool 6 at a neutral position via the linking members 14a and 14b.

Description: The present invention relates to a solenoid-controlled pilot-operated three-position switching valve that uses a solenoid-operated pilot valve to switch a spool among three positions. A conventional three-position switching valve is generally configured as a spring-center type that uses at least one return spring to hold a spool at a neutral position. As schematically shown in FIG. 4, return springs 3a and 3b are compressed in drive chambers 2a and 2b at the respective ends of a spool 1 so that when the spool 1 is not driven, the return springs 3a and 3b hold the spool 1 at a neutral position. When a pilot valve 4 supplies and ejects a pilot fluid to and from the two drive chambers 2a and 2b, the spool 1 is switched in the lateral direction, as seen in the figure, while the return spring in the drive chamber on the ejection side, is compressed. As described above, the conventional three-position switching valve is configured to hold the spool at a neutral position using return springs on the respective sides. Thus, whenever the spool is switched, one of the return springs is compressed so that the compressive force acts as a return force. Accordingly, in order to reliably switch the spool against the force of the compressed return spring, a pilot fluid of a correspondingly high pressure must be supplied, thereby increasing the minimum operational pressure of the spool, which results in reducing the working pressure range of the fluid. In addition, the return force of the return spring increases as the amount of compression associated with the switching operation of the spool increases, so the switching operation is likely to become unstable. Although use of return springs having weaker spring forces allows the use of a pilot fluid of a correspondingly lower pressure, a weaker spring force makes the spool more easily affected by the operating or pilot fluids, causing the spool's return and neutral-maintenance operations to become unstable. US-A-4319609 discloses an hydraulic actuating apparatus with digital input comprising a movable output member spring biased to a neutral position and capable of moving to one or other of two working positions under the effect of opposing hydraulic means, themselves controlled by binary-type control members; to create two additional working positions for the movable output member, the invention provides for each of the driving means to be composed of two active areas (s 1 , s' 1 ; s 2 , s' 2 ) acting successively on the output member, and members (EV 1 , EV 2 while that of the other area is caused by the other control member provided that the output member has already completed a first displacement step in the required direction; particular application to the control of double-acting hydraulic actuators with two rates of displacement in each direction. It is an object of this invention to provide a solenoid-controlled pilot-operated three-position switching valve wherein during supply of a pressure fluid within a working pressure range, pilot-fluid pressure holds a spool at a neutral position, so that the spool can be switched without being affected by the reaction force from any return springs. This invention provides a three-position switching valve comprising a valve hole in which a spool is accommodated. At both ends of the valve hole there is a drive chamber to and from which a pilot fluid is supplied and ejected to drive the spool, and a piston chamber that has a smaller diameter than the drive chamber and into which a pilot fluid is constantly introduced, the chambers being provided mutually adjacent. A linking member is interposed between the spool and a piston accommodated in each piston chamber and a return spring is interposed between the linking member and the piston. The urging force of the return spring is set to be lower than or equal to the force of the pilot-fluid pressure driving the piston. With a three-position switching valve of this configuration, while a pressure fluid is being supplied to the switching valve, the force of the pilot fluid constantly introduced into the piston chambers presses the pistons toward the linking members to compress the return springs. The pistons then abut the linking members and press the spool from both sides via the linking members, thereby holding the spool at its neutral position. The return springs are completely compressed and are not involved in holding the spool at the neutral position, so the spool is held at this position only by the working force of the pilot fluid. When a pilot fluid is supplied to one of the drive chambers through a pilot valve, the force of the pilot fluid acting on the spool on the drive chamber side is stronger than the force of the piston on the opposite side, since the drive chamber has a larger diameter than the piston chamber. The spool moves in one direction while moving the piston backward via the linking member to switch channels. The piston remains in contact with the linking member, preventing the force of the return spring interposed between the piston and the linking member from acting against the spool. When the pilot fluid is ejected from the drive chamber, the piston which has moved backward causes the spool to return to the neutral position. While not pressure fluid is being supplied to the switching valve or while a pressure fluid is being supplied below the working pressure, the spring force of the return springs causes each piston to move backward from the linking member to the opposite end of the piston chamber while causing the spool to be held at the neutral position. According to a specific embodiment, each drive chamber is formed at a position at each end of the valve hole where it is faced by the end surface of the spool which acts as a pressure-receiving surface, and each piston chamber is formed outside the drive chamber via a partition wall acting like a cushion. The linking member is disposed to penetrate the partition wall in such a way that its ends protrude into the piston and drive chambers, respectively, and a flange section is formed at the piston-chamber-side end of the linking member in such a way as to abut the partition wall, so that when the linking member is pressed by the piston, the flange section abuts the partition wall to hold the spool at the neutral position. A guide shaft and a guide hole that are fitted together are provided in the piston and the linking member, respectively, as a guide means for stabilizing the piston's sliding action. The switching valve may have in its valve body an external pilot port for introducing a pilot fluid into a valve body from the exterior, so that a pilot channel switching means can selectively connect the external pilot port or a supply port to the drive and piston chambers. In this case, the pilot channel switching means may be composed of a switching plate mounted on a mounting surface of the valve body so that its direction can be changed, three channels opened in the mounting surface in a row, and an indent formed in the switching plate to connect the middle channel to one of the two side channels when the direction of the switching plate is changed. The middle channel acts as a pilot supply channel leading to the drive and piston chambers, one of the side channels acts as an internal pilot channel leading to the supply port, and the other side channel acts as an external pilot channel leading to the external pilot port. The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the integral part of one embodiment of a three-position switching valve according to this invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a different operational position of the three-position switching valve in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a yet different operational position of the three-position switching valve in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing a conventional three-position switching valve. FIG. 1 shows as a five-port valve which is one embodiment of a solenoid-controlled pilot-operated three-position switching valve according to this invention. This switching valve includes a main valve section 1 for switching an operating fluid such as compressed air and a pilot valve section 2 for operating the main valve section 1. The main valve section 1 has a valve body 4 having a rectangular cross section. The valve body 4 has in its bottom surface one supply port P through which an operating fluid flows, two output ports A and B opened on the respective sides of the supply port, and two ejection ports EA and EB opened on the respective sides of the output ports. The valve body 4 has formed inside a valve hole 5 with which each of these ports is in communication, and a spool 6 is slidably accommodated in the valve hole 5 to switch a channel between the ports. A first and a second drive chambers 10a and 10b are formed at the respective ends of the valve hole 5 in the axial direction between the valve hole and a sub-block 8a or 8b mounted on the corresponding end of the valve body 4 in such a way that the drive chamber is faced by the end surface of the spool 6 acting as a pressure receiving surface. In addition, a first and a second piston chambers 12a and 12b located adjacent to the drive chambers 10a and 10b, respectively, via partition walls 11a and 11b that act like cushions are formed inside the sub-blocks 8a and 8b, respectively. A first and a second pistons 13a and 13b are slidably accommodated in the piston chambers 12a and 12b, respectively. The diameter D 1 of the drive chambers 10a and 10b is larger than the diameter D 2 of the piston chambers 12a and 12b, while the two drive chambers 10a and 10b have the same diameter, as do the piston chambers 12a and 12b. However, the diameters of the drive chambers 10a and 10b need not necessarily be the same, nor do those of the piston chambers 12a and 12b. Cylindrical linking members 14a and 14b are disposed between the spool 6 and the pistons 13a and 13b, respectively, to cooperate with the pistons 13a and 13b in holding the spool 6 at the neutral position, in such a way that the linking members can move and penetrate the partition walls 11a and 11b, respectively. Each linking member 14a and 14b has a flange section 15 at the end of its side where the member protrudes into the piston chamber 12a or 12b, so that the flange section 15 is pressed by the piston 13a or 13b and moved toward the spool 6 until it abuts the partition wall 11a or 11b, where the tip of the linking member protruding into the drive chamber 10a or 10b abuts the spool 6 to hold it at the neutral position. A return spring 18 having a weak urging force is compressed between the piston 13a or 13b and the linking member 14a or 14b. The urging force of the return spring 18 is set lower than or equal to the working force of the piston 13a or 13b effected by a pilot-fluid pressure that falls within a working pressure range. Thus, while a pilot fluid is acting on the piston 13a or 13b, the return spring 18 is completely compressed to allow the piston 13a or 13b to abut the linking member 14a or 14b, thereby pressing the linking member 14a or 14b against the partition wall 11a or 11b, as shown in FIG. 1. On the other hand, when the switching valve is not used and while no pilot fluid is being supplied to the piston 13a or 13b, or while a pilot fluid is being supplied below the working pressure, the urging force of the return spring 18 causes the piston 13a or 13b to move backward from the linking member 14a or 14b, respectively, to the opposite end of the piston chamber 12a or 12b, while causing the spool 6 to be held at the neutral position, as shown in FIG. 3. To stabilize the movement of the piston 13a or 13b, a guide means is arranged in the piston 13a or 13b and the linking member 14a or 14b and consists of a guide shaft 20 formed on the piston 13a or 13b; and a guide hole 21 that is formed in the linking member 14a or 14b and in which the guide shaft 20 is slidably fitted, as shown in FIG. 3. A pilot fluid is individually supplied to and ejected from the two drive chambers 10a and 10b through two solenoid-controlled pilot valves 23a and 23b provided in the pilot valve section 2. At the same time, a pilot fluid is constantly introduced into the two piston chambers 12a and 12b. The specific configuration of these components is shown below. The valve body 4 has formed therein a pilot supply channel 26 that can be selectively connected to the supply port P or the external pilot port X by the pilot channel switching means 25. The pilot supply channel 26 is constantly in communication with the first piston chamber 12a through a through-hole 27 provided in the sub-block 8a, a through-hole 28 provided in a pilot block 9, and a manual operation mechanism 29a and a through-hole 30 provided in the sub-block 8b. The pilot supply channel 26 is also constantly in communication with the second piston chamber 12b through a through-hole 32 provided in the sub-block 8b, a channel 34 between the sub-block 8b and an end cover 33, and a through-hole 35 provided in the sub-block 8b. Of the two drive chambers 10a and 10b, the first drive chamber 10a is in communication with the pilot supply channel 26 through a through-hole 37 formed in the sub-block 8a via the manual operation mechanism 29a and the pilot valve 23a. The second drive chamber 10b is in communication with the pilot supply channel 26 through a through-hole (not shown) formed in the valve body 4 via another manual operation mechanism 29b provided parallel to the manual operation mechanism 29a and another pilot valve 23b provided parallel to the pilot valve 23a. The pilot valves 23a and 23b corresponding to the drive chambers 10a and 10b are turned on and off, or the manual operation mechanisms 29a and 29b are pressed to supply or eject a pilot fluid to or from the drive chamber 10a and 10b. Amplifying valves 24a and 24b are desirably interposed between the two pilot valves 23a and 23b and drive chamber 10a or 10b, respectively, so that pilot valves of a small capacity enable a large flow of pilot fluid to be supplied to the drive chambers. The configurations of the pilot and amplifying valves do not directly relate to the subject of this invention, so a detailed description of these components is omitted. The manual operation mechanisms 29a and 29b are manually operated to allow the pilot supply channel 26 to directly communicate with the drive chambers 10a and 10b, respectively, without passing through the pilot valve 23a or 23b. The manual operation mechanisms 29a and 29b are well known and their configuration does not directly relate to the subject of this invention, so their detailed description is omitted. The pilot channel switching means changes the switching valve between the internal and external pilot types, and includes a switching plate 40 mounted on a mounting surface 4a formed on the valve body 4 in such a manner that the direction of the plate can be changed. A dent 41 constituting a channel is formed in the inner surface of the switching plate 40 in such a way as to be biased to one side of the plate. The mounting surface 4a has the pilot supply channel 26 opened at its center, and on the respective sides of the pilot supply channel 26, an internal pilot channel 42 leading to the supply port P and an external pilot channel 43 leading to the external pilot port X are opened. If the switching plate 40 is mounted in the direction shown in FIG. 1, the dent 41 allows the pilot supply channel 26 to communicate with the internal pilot channel 42, so the switching valve acts as the internal pilot type to cause part of an operating fluid to be diverted through the supply port P, where it functions as a pilot fluid. In addition, if the switching plate 40 is laterally inverted, the dent 41 allows the pilot supply channel 26 to communicate with the external pilot channel 43, so the switching valve acts as the external pilot type to cause an exclusive pilot fluid separate from the operating fluid to be supplied through the external pilot port X. According to a three-position switching valve of this configuration, while no operating fluid is being supplied to the switching valve or while a operating fluid is being supplied below the working pressure, the urging force of the return spring 18 causes each piston 13a or 13b to move backward from the linking member 14a or 14b, respectively, to the opposite end of the piston chamber 12a or 12b, respectively, while causing the spool 6 to be held at the neutral position, as shown in FIG. 3. When an operating fluid at a pressure within a working pressure range is supplied to the switching valve, a pilot fluid is constantly introduced into the piston chamber 12a or 12b to press the piston 13a or 13b toward the linking member 14a or 14b, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4. The piston 13a or 13b compresses the return spring 18 having a weak urging force to move the linking member 14a or 14b until the flange section 15 abuts the partition wall 11a or 11b, respectively, thereby holding the spool 6 at the neutral position. Then, the return spring 18 is completely compressed and its urging force is not involved in the operation to hold the spool 6 at the neutral position. Thus, the spool 6 can be held at this position only by the pressure of the pilot fluid, despite the presence of the return spring 18. When the pilot valve 23a is turned on to supply a pilot fluid to the first drive chamber 10a, since the first drive chamber 10a has a larger diameter than the piston chamber, the working force of the pilot fluid acting on the spool 6 in the first drive chamber 10a becomes stronger than the working force of the second piston 13b acting on the opposite side of the spool 6. Consequently, the spool 6 moves rightward while moving the second piston 13b backward via the linking member 14b and switches to a first position at which it abuts on the partition wall 11b on the second piston chamber 12b side, as shown in FIG. 2. Then, the second piston 13b and the linking member 14b remain in contact, thereby precluding the urging force of the return spring 18 interposed between them from acting as a reaction force. In addition, the first piston 13a abuts the linking member 14a, which is engaged with the partition wall 11a, to stay at that position together with the member 14a. When the pilot valve 23a is turned off to eject the pilot fluid from the first drive chamber 10a, the spool 6 is driven leftward by the second piston 13b via the linking member 14b to return to the neutral position. When the other pilot valve 23b is operated to supply and eject a pilot fluid to and from the second drive chamber 10b, the spool 6 is switched between the neutral position and a second switching position at which it abuts the partition wall 11b on the first piston chamber 12a side. According to the present three-position switching valve of the above configuration, the spool is held at the neutral position due to the working force of a pilot fluid, so long as a pressure fluid within the working pressure range is being supplied to the switching valve. Accordingly, the spool can be switched only by the working force of the fluid pressure, and is not affected by the reaction force from the return spring, thereby stabilizing the switching operation of the spool and reducing the minimum operating pressure required to increase the working pressure range of the fluid. In addition, the larger working force of the pilot fluid enables the spool to be held at the neutral position reliably and stably. In addition, while no pressure fluid is being supplied to the switching valve or while a pressure fluid is being supplied below the working pressure, the force of the return spring enables the spool to be held at the neutral position. As a result, the spool can be held reliably at the neutral position regardless of the presence or magnitude of fluid pressure.

Claims: A solenoid-controlled pilot-operated three-position switching valve comprising multiple ports (A, B, EA, EB and P)) for flow of an operating fluid, a valve hole (5) with which each port (A, B, EA, EB and P) is in communication, a switching spool (6) slidably accommodated in the valve hole (5), two drive chambers (10a and 10b) formed at the respective ends of the valve holes and to and from which a pilot fluid is supplied and ejected, a piston chamber (12a and 12b) formed adjacent each drive chamber (10a and 10b) and constantly connected to a channel for supplying a pilot fluid, the piston chambers (12a and 12b) having a smaller diameter than the drive chambers (10a and 10b), a piston (13a and 13b) slidably accommodated in each piston chamber (12a and 12b) and urged by a pilot fluid toward the spool (6), a linking member (14a and 14b) between each piston (13a and 13b) and the spool (6) and cooperating with the piston (13a and 13b) to hold the spool (6) at a neutral position, two solenoid-controlled pilot valves (23 and 23b) for supplying and ejecting a pilot fluid to and from the drive chambers (10a and 10b) characterised in that a return spring (18) is provided between each piston (13a and 13b) and the linking member (14a and 14b) providing a spring force equal to or less than the working force of the piston (13a and 13b). A three-position switching valve according to Claim 1, characterised in that the two drive chambers (10a and 10b) have the same diameter and wherein the two piston chambers (12a and 12b) have the same diameter. A three-position switching valve according to either Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that each drive chamber(10a and 10b) is formed at the respective end of the valve hole (5) so as to be faced by the end surface of the spool (6) which acts as a pressure-receiving surface, each piston chamber (10a and 10b) is formed on the outer side of the drive chamber (10a and 10b) with a partition wall (11a and 11b) therebetween, each linking member (14a and 14b) is disposed to penetrate the partition wall (11a and 11b) such that its ends protrude into the respective piston (13a and 13b) and drive chambers (10a and 10b) and a flange section (15) is formed at the piston-chamber end of each linking member (14a and 14b) in such a way that, when the linking member (14a and 14b) is pressed by the piston (13a and 13b), the flange section (15) abuts the partition wall (11a and 11b) to hold the spool (6) at the neutral position. A three-position switching valve according to Claim 3, characterised in that each piston (13a and 13b) and linking member (14a and 14b) are provided respectively with a guide shaft (20) and a guide hole (21) as a guide means for stabilizing the sliding activity of the piston (13a and 13b). A three-position switching valve according to any preceding claim, characterised in that a valve body (4) is provided with an external pilot port (X) for introducing an exclusive pilot fluid and a pilot channel (25) switching means for selectively connecting the drive and piston chambers (10a, 10b, 12a and 12b) to the external pilot port (X) or a supply port (P). A three-position switching valve according to Claim 5, characterised in that the pilot channel switching means (26) includes a switching plate (40) movably mounted on a mounting surface (4a) of the valve body (4), three channels (26, 42 and 43) opened in the mounting surface (4a) in a row, and an indent (41) formed in the switching plate (40) to selectively connect the middle channel (26) to one of the two side channels (42 and 43) when the switching plate (40) is moved, and wherein the middle channel (26) acts as a pilot supply channel leading to the drive and piston chambers (10a, 10b, 12a and 12b), while one of the side channels (42) acts as an internal pilot channel leading to the supply port (P), and the other (43) acts as an external pilot channel leading to the external pilot port (X). A three-position switching valve according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the switching valve is a five-port valve having one supply port (P), two output ports (A and B), and two ejection ports (EA and EB).

Inventors: AKIMOTO TAKASHI, AKIMOTO, TAKASHI, Akimoto, Takashi, c/o SMC Corp. Tsukuba Tech. Ctr
Applicants: SMC CORP, SMC CORPORATION
Application year: 1998
Main classification: F15B13
IPC codes: F16K31, F15B13, F15B11