RAPIDLY SOLUBLE DRUG COMPOSITION COMPRISING MICRONIZED AS-3201

Abstract: A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition comprising micronized (R)-2-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-4-spiro-3'-pyrrolidine-1,2',3,5'-tetrone (hereinafter, referred to as AS-3201). The present pharmaceutical composition has improved dissolution characteristics as well as a good bioavailability.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition of (R)-2-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-4-spiro-3'-pyrrolidine-1,2',3,5'-tetrone (hereinafter, referred to as "AS-3201") having a potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity. BACKGROUND ART AS-3201 is the compound of the following formula. Said compound is described in Example 22 of Japanese Patent No. 2516147 (USP 5258382), Reference Example 12 of JP-A-6-192222 (Chem. Abstr., 122 , 9860 (1995)), and Experiment of JP-A-8-176105 (Chem. Abstr., 125 , 221569 (1996)), and its potent aldose reductase inhibitory activities are disclosed therein. Example 28 of Japanese Patent No. 2516147 (USP 5258382) describes a method for preparing specific tablets of AS-3201. That is, it is described therein that AS-3201 (1g), corn starch (25 g), lactose (58 g), crystalline cellulose (11 g), hydroxypropylcellulose (3 g), light anhydrous silicic acid (1 g) and magnesium stearate (1 g) are blended, granulated and made into 1,000 tablets each weighing 100 mg by a conventional method. During the studies on methods for preparing AS-3201-containing pharmaceutical compositions having an excellent bioavailability, the present inventors have found that the water-solubility of said substance is extremely low in the range of low pH to the extent of several µg/ml, and therefore, the plasma concentration of AS-3201 varies widely among the individuals to be administered. Under such circumstances, the present inventors have further intensively studied, and have found that by using micronized AS-3201 in a composition, the dissolution characteristics of said substance from the composition are remarkably improved, and as a result, an AS-3201-containing fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition having a good bioavailability can be obtained. The present invention provides a fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition comprising micronized AS-3201 having a mean particle size of less than 20 µm and which has a dissolution percentage of the active substance of 50% or more for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test by the Paddle method. The terms used in the present specification are explained below. The "micronized AS-3201" means powders of AS-3201 having a mean particle size of less than 20 µm. The "mean particle size" means a particle size of being at 50 % in cumulative particle distribution on weight or volume basis (ref., HA Lieberman et al., "Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1990, vol. 2, 174-186; Kouichi IINOYA (edit.) "Handbook of Powder and Particle Measurement (in Japanese)", The NIKKAN KOGYO SHINBUN LTD., 1981, 29-36). The "dissolution test" means a test in which the dissolution of AS-3201 from test pharmaceutical compositions in an amount corresponding to 20 mg of AS-3201 is evaluated according to Paddle method (50 rpm) specified in the Twelfth Edition of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan, using a 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5, 900 ml) as a test solution, and assaying AS-3201 by spectrophotometry at 300 nm. The "pK a1 " means an acid dissociation exponent of an acidic substance at 25°C in an infinitely diluted solution thereof. When an acidic substance is a polybasic acid, it means an acid dissociation exponent at the first step of dissociation. The "water-solubility" means a maximum amount of a solute being dissolved in 100 ml of water. The term "about" is used with the intention of including values following said term. The mean particle size of the micronized AS-3201 is preferably less than about 10 µm, more preferably less than about 5 µm, and most preferably in the range of about 0.5 µm to about 3 µm. According to the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2516147 (USP 5258382), crystals of AS-3201 having a mean particle size of about 60 µm to about 120 µm can usually be obtained. The micronization of AS-3201 crystals is carried out using a mill that is conventionally used in the pharmaceutical field. Mills are, for example, a fluid energy mill such as Jet Mill (manufactured by SEISHIN ENTERPRISE Co., LTD., Japan), a high speed rotative impact mill such as Sample Mill (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Japan), Pin Mill (manufactured by ALPINE, Germany), or Angmill (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Japan), a wet form high speed tumbling trituration mill such as MICROS (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., Japan), and a tumbling mill such as a ball mill. In order to obtain micronized powders having a mean particle size of less than about 5 µm, a fluid energy mill is preferably used. The micronization can be carried out on AS-3201 crystals alone, or on a mixture of AS-3201 crystals and a part or whole of pharmaceutical excipients or carriers, which are used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions. The AS-3201-containing fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be solid dosage forms, and includes, for example, tablets, capsules, granules, powders, etc. These pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by mixing micronized AS-3201 with pharmaceutical excipients or carriers such as diluents, disintegrators, binders and lubricants by a conventional method. For example, the mixture is granulated by wet-granulation such as high-shear granulation, fluid bed granulation, agitation fluid bed granulation, centrifugal fluid bed granulation, or extrusion granulation, or by dry-granulation such as roller compaction or slugging, and then the resulting granules are put into capsules for capsule preparations, or compressed for tablet preparations. Alternatively, a mixture of micronized AS-3201 and pharmaceutical excipients or carriers can directly be put into capsules for capsule preparations, or compressed for tablet preparations. These pharmaceutical compositions may optionally be coated, or may additionally contain stabilizers, surfactants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, etc. The pharmaceutical excipients or carriers may be any ones except for ones showing a bad compatibility with AS-3201. The diluents include, for example, lactose, starch, crystalline cellulose, D-mannitol, sucrose, glucose, erythritol, xylitol, D-sorbitol, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate. The disintegrators are, for example, starch, crystalline cellulose, low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, carmellose, carmellose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, croscarmellose sodium, partly pregelatinized starch, and hydroxypropyl starch. The binders are, for example, acacia, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, pullulan, gelatin, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carmellose sodium, and dextrin. The lubricants are, for example, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, sucrose esters of fatty acids, light anhydrous silicic acid, talc, hydrogenated oil, and macrogol. The stabilizer may be any pharmaceutically acceptable acidic substances having an acidity more potent than that of AS-3201, i.e., pK a = 5.6-5.8, and preferable acidic substances are ones having a pK a1 of less than about 4.5 and a water-solubility of larger than about 10 g/100 ml at 15°C - 25°C. More preferable acidic substances are ones having a pK a1 of less than about 3.3 and a water-solubility of larger than about 50 g/100 ml at 15°C - 25°C. Especially preferable acidic substances are, for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, and phosphoric acid. Among these acidic substances, tartaric acid is most preferable. The content of the acidic substance is preferably in the range of about 0.5 % by weight to about 2.5 % by weight. It is preferable to add a stabilizer in the case of preparing a pharmaceutical composition containing AS-3201 in a ratio of less than about 5 % by weight. The surfactants to be used in the present pharmaceutical composition are, for example, sorbitan fatty acid esters and polysorbates. The coloring agents are, for example, tar color, caramel, and red iron oxide. The flavoring agents are, for example, sweeteners and perfumes. The dissolution characteristics of the active substance from the composition can be remarkably improved by using micronized AS-3201, and by further controlling the combination ratio of pharmaceutical excipients or carriers, AS-3201-containing fast-dissolving pharmaceutical compositions having more improved dissolution characteristics as well as good bioavailability can be obtained. The combination ratio of the pharmaceutical excipients or carriers may vary depending on the content of AS-3201. The content of AS-3201 in the present fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition is usually in the range of about 0.5 % by weight to about 25 % by weight, to the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. When the content of AS-3201 is in the range of about 0.5 % by weight to 5 % by weight to the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition, then the pharmaceutical composition usually comprises a diluent in a ratio of about 51 % by weight - about 93.8 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of about 5 % by weight - about 35 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of about 0.5 % by weight - about 5 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of about 0.2 % by weight - about 4 % by weight. More preferably, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a diluent in a ratio of about 59 % by weight - about 88 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of about 10 % by weight - about 30 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of about 1 % by weight - about 3 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of about 0.5 % by weight - about 3 % by weight. When the content of AS-3201 is more than 5 % by weight and less than about 25% by weight to the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition, then the present composition usually comprises a diluent in a ratio of about 16 % by weight - about 84.3 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of about 10 % by weight - about 50 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of about 0.5 % by weight - about 5 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of about 0.2 % by weight - about 4 % by weight, and more preferably, a diluent in a ratio of about 29 % by weight - about 73.5 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of about 20 % by weight - about 40 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of about 1 % by weight - about 3 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of about 0.5 % by weight - about 3 % by weight. Since AS-3201 has an extremely low water-solubility to the extent of several µg/ml in the range of low pH, there is a correlation between the initial dissolution rate and the bioavailability of AS-3201-containing pharmaceutical compositions, and compositions having a better initial dissolution rate can show a better bioavailability. From the viewpoint of the above, preferable compositions are ones having a dissolution percentage of the active substance of 50 % or more for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test, and more preferable pharmaceutical compositions are ones having a dissolution percentage of the active substance of 80 % or more for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test. The AS-3201-containing fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be packed in a bottle using materials of low moisture-permeability or in damp-proof packages such as heat-sealed packages, if necessary. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a graph showing a dissolution pattern of the tablets of Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 1. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention is illustrated in more detail by Examples and Comparative Example. The mean particle size was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (HELOS & RODOS (trademark), manufactured by SYMPATEC GmbH, Germany), and calculated from cumulative particle distribution on volume basis by dry air dispersion method (dispersion air pressure: 0.5 atm). Example 1 Preparation of tablets: AS-3201 160 g Tartaric acid 8 g Lactose 492 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 300 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 20 g Magnesium stearate 20 g Total 1000 g AS-3201 crystals were micronized using Single Truck Jet Mill (manufactured by SEISHIN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD., hereinafter abbreviated as "Jet Mill") with compression air pressure of 6 kgf/cm 2 to give powders having a mean particle size of about 1.5 µm. The micronized AS-3201 powders thus obtained, lactose, and low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose were charged into a fluid bed granulator and drier, and then the mixture was granulated by spraying thereto a solution of tartaric acid in a 5 % aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose solution. The granules were dried, and thereto was added magnesium stearate, and the mixture was blended in a V-blender. The resultant was compressed on a rotary tableting machine to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 20 mg of AS-3201 each. Example 2 Preparation of tablets: AS-3201 crystals were micronized by Sample Mill (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) to give powders having a mean particle size of about 10 µm. The micronized AS-3201 powders thus obtained were granulated, dried and compressed in the same manner as in Example 1, to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 20 mg of AS-3201 each. Comparative Example 1 Preparation of tablets: Non-micronized AS-3201 crystals having a mean particle size of about 87 µm were granulated, dried and compressed in the same manner as in Example 1, to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 20 mg of AS-3201 each. Experiment 1 Dissolution test: The dissolution of the active substance from the tablets obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 was evaluated according to Paddle method (50 rpm) specified in the Twelfth Edition of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan, using a 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5, 900 ml) as a test solution. The quantitative assay of AS-3201 was carried out by spectrophotometry at 300 nm. The results are shown in Fig. 1. Each point of Fig. 1 shows the mean value of the results in three repeats of the experiments on each tablet of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. As is shown in Fig. 1, the tablets of Example 1 and Example 2 show remarkably improved dissolution characteristics, as compared with the tablets of Comparative Example 1. Example 3 Preparation of tablets: AS-3201 160 g Tartaric acid 10 g Lactose 600 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 200 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 20 g Magnesium stearate 10 g Total 1000 g The above components were treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and compressed to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 20 mg of AS-3201 each. The dissolution percentage of the active substance from the tablets thus obtained for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test was 72.6 %. Example 4 Preparation of tablets: AS-3201 20 g Tartaric acid 8 g Lactose 732 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 200 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 20 g Magnesium stearate 20 g Total 1000 g AS-3201 crystals were micronized using Jet Mill with compression air pressure of 6 kgf/cm 2 , and the resultant was charged into a fluid bed granulator and drier together with lactose and low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, and then, the resultant was granulated by spraying thereto a solution of tartaric acid in a 5 % aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose solution. The granules were dried, and thereto was added magnesium stearate, and the mixture was blended in a V-blender. The resultant was compressed on a rotary tableting machine to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 2.5 mg of AS-3201 each. The dissolution percentage of the active substance from the tablets thus obtained for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test was 93.0 %. Example 5 Preparation of tablets: AS-3201 80 g Tartaric acid 4 g Lactose 246 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 150 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 10 g Magnesium stearate 10 g Total 500 g AS-3201 crystals were micronized using Jet Mill with compression air pressure of 6 kgf/cm 2 , and thereto were added lactose and low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, and then, the resulting mixture was blended in a Versatile Mixer for 5 minutes. To the mixture was added a solution of tartaric acid in a 4 % aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose solution, and the mixture was further kneaded for 10 minutes. The mixture was dried, and thereto was added magnesium stearate, and the resulting mixture was compressed on a single-punch tableting machine to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 20 mg of AS-3201 each. The dissolution percentage of the active substance from the tablets thus obtained for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test was 93.2 %. Example 6 Preparation of tablets: AS-3201 144 g Lactose 549 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 180 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 18 g Magnesium stearate 9 g Total 900 g AS-3201 crystals were micronized using Jet Mill with compression air pressure of 6 kgf/cm 2 , and the resultant was put into a fluid bed granulator and drier together with lactose and low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, and then, the mixture was granulated by spraying thereto a 5 % aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose solution. After drying, to the granules was added magnesium stearate, and the mixture was blended in a V-blender. The resultant was compressed on a rotary tableting machine to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 20 mg of AS-3201 each. The dissolution percentage of the active substance from the tablets thus obtained for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test was 92.0 %. ' Examples 7-9 Preparation of tablets: Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 AS-3201 40 g 40 g 40 g Tartaric acid 8 g 8 g 8 g Lactose 712 g 672 g 632 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 200 g 240 g 280 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 20 g 20 g 20 g Magnesium stearate 20 g 20 g 20 g Total 1000 g 1000 g 1000 g AS-3201 micronized using Jet Mill was granulated, dried and compressed in the same manner as in Example 1 to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 5 mg of AS-3201 each. The dissolution percentages of the active substance from the tablets of Examples 7, 8 and 9 for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test were 91.0 %, 94.5 % and 92.7 %, respectively. Examples 10-12 Preparation of tablets: Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 AS-3201 80 g 80 g 80 g Tartaric acid 8 g 8 g 8 g Lactose 672 g 632 g 592 g Low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose 200 g 240 g 280 g Hydroxypropylcellulose 20 g 20 g 20 g Magnesium stearate 20 g 20 g 20 g Total 1000 g 1000 g 1000 g AS-3201 micronized using Jet Mill was granulated, dried and compressed in the same manner as in Example 1 to give tablets weighing 125 mg and containing 10 mg of AS-3201 each. The dissolution percentages of the active substance from the tablets of Examples 10, 11 and 12 for 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test were 89.4 %, 91.6 % and 92.2 %, respectively. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As explained above, the AS-3201-containing fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition of the present invention has improved dissolution characteristics as well as a good bioavailability.

Claims: A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition comprising micronized (R)-2-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-4-spiro-3'-pyrrolidine-1,2',3,5'-tetrone (hereinafter, referred to as "AS-3201") having a mean particle size of less than 20µm and which has a dissolution percentage of the active substance of 50% or more 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test by the Paddle method. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the mean particle size of the micronized AS-3201 is less than 10 µm. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the mean particle size of the micronized AS-3201 is less than 5 µm. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the mean particle size of the micronized AS-3201 is in the range of 0.5 pm - 3 µm. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1-4, which comprises the mirconized AS-3201 in a ratio of 0.5 % by weight to 5 % by weight, a diluent in a ratio of 51 % by weight to 93.8 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of 5 % by weight to 35 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of 0.5 % by weight to 5 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of 0.2 % by weight to 4 % by weight, to the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5, which comprises a diluent in a ratio of 59 % by weight to 88 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of 10 % by weight to 30 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of 1 % by weight to 3 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of 0.5 % by weight to 3 % by weight. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1-4, which comprises the micronized AS-3201 in a ratio of more than 5 % by weight and less than 25 % by weight, a diluent in a ratio of 16 % by weight to 84.3 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of 10 % by weight to 50 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of 0.5 % by weight to 5 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of 0.2 % by weight to 4 % by weight, to the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7, which comprises a diluent in a ratio of 29 % by weight to 73.5 % by weight, a disintegrator in a ratio of 20 % by weight to 40 % by weight, a binder in a ratio of 1 % by weight to 3 % by weight, and a lubricant in a ratio of 0.5 % by weight to 3 % by weight. A fast-dissolving pharmaceutical composition according to any preceding claim, which has a dissolution percentage of the active substance of 80 % or more 15 minutes after the start of the dissolution test.

Inventors: FUJIOKA HIROSHI, OGASAWARA KAZUYOSHI, OHASHI MAMORU, SHIRAI YOSHIMI, FUJIOKA, HIROSHI, OGASAWARA, KAZUYOSHI, OHASHI, MAMORU, SHIRAI, YOSHIMI
Applicants: DAINIPPON PHARMACEUTICAL CO, DAINIPPON PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K9, A61K47, A61P3, A61K31