DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FILMING A DIMLY ILLUMINATED OBJECT

Abstract: A device for filming a dimly illuminated object, especially the eye, comprises a source of light for illuminating the object/eye, a light amplifier (8, 9, 10) for amplifying the light reflected from the object/eye, and filming picture recording equipment (11, 12, 13). The source of light is a source of white light with a low intensity of the emitted light. The device comprises means (3, 5) for separating at least two of the three primary colours from the reflected light, a light amplifier (8, 9, 10) for amplifying the light for each separated primary colour, and filming picture recording equipment (11, 12, 13) for recording the amplified light for each separated primary colour. A method for filming the object/eye can be carried out by means of the device.

Description: DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FILMING A DIMLY ILLUMINATED OBJECT Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a device for filming a dimly illuminated object, said device comprising a light amplifier for amplifying the light re- fleeted from the object and reproducing the object on the light amplifier, and picture recording equipment filming the light amplifier's amplified reproduction of the object . The invention also relates to a method for filming a dimly illuminated object, the light reflected from the object in the form of a reproduction of the object being amplified and the amplified reproduction then being recorded by filming picture recording equipment. Specifically, the invention concerns such a device and such a method for filming the eye, the device comprising a source of light for illuminating the eye with white light of low intensity. Although the invention concerns filming of dimly illuminated objects in general, the following description of the background art as well as a preferred embodiment of the invention is restricted to the particular application to the eye. Background Art There are two basic prior-art techniques of pictur- ing and/or studying different parts of the eye, such as the retina, especially for medicinal purposes. The first technique is still photography, which is carried out by means of a flashlight emitting white light. This still can be obtained in colour thanks to the light emitted by the flashlight being white. By using this technique it is not possible to continuously follow sequences and changes since you are dependent on the charging time of the flashlight. The second technique is filming, in real time, using infrared light. The reason for using infrared light is that the pupil does- not become smaller. Thus, sufficient light intensity for filming is achieved. With infrared light, only the differences in heat in the pictured object are measured. The drawback of this technique is that the detailed information disappears since there is no difference in heat between small details in the object . Filming makes it possible to continuously follow sequences and changes. Besides recording a sequence for later analysis, it is of course also possible to observe the sequence as it proceeds. There is one drawback, however, viz. only such parts of the eye as reflect precisely the incident infrared wavelengths can be seen by using the prior-art technique. This means that all the other information from other parts of the colour spectrum is not available. An example of a similar technique is disclosed in European Patent Application EP 554 643. The light illuminating the eye has a predetermined wavelength and can be produced by a light-emitting diode. A light amplifier amplifies the light reflected in the eye, whereupon a CCD TV camera performs the conversion to a picture, which then constitutes a monochromatic reproduction. Summary of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a device, which makes it possible to real-time film a dimly illuminated object in colour, especially the eye. A further object is to provide a method for realtime filming of a dimly illuminated object in colour, especially the eye. According to the invention, the object is achieved by a device which has the features defined in the charac- terising clause of claim 1. The object is also achieved by a method as claimed in claim 7. Preferred embodiments of the device as well as preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are evident from the dependent claims. Thus the invention makes it possible to directly in real time observe a dimly illuminated object in colour, by which is understood reproduction of the object on the basis of the information within at least two different wavelengths or wavelength ranges, each corresponding to a colour component, of the light reflected from the object. An advantage of the invention in the special case of the eye is that it is possible to make a very extensive analysis of a patient's eye in a short time. All the information is available in each picture and can be obtained by using different types of picture analysis. Brief Description of the Drawings A preferred embodiment of the invention applied to the eye will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the inventive device; and Fig. 2 illustrates how the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of an inventive device can be calibrated in respect of colours. Description of a Preferred Embodiment With reference to Fig. 1, a device according to the invention for watching the eye 1 is shown. A source of light 22 emitting white light is arranged to illuminate the eye 1. More specifically, a so-called fundus camera 2 or an equivalent optical instrument is arranged in front of the eye 1. The source of light 22 is in this embodiment arranged in the fundus camera 2, a semi-transparent mirror 23 directing the light to the eye 1 and letting through light reflected from the eye. Fundus cameras are well known in the field and will not be described in more detail here. In the beam path of the light reflected from the eye after the fundus camera 2 there are in this embodiment two means 3, 5 for separating the three primary colours, viz. red, blue and green. The separating means 3, 5 are colour reflectors which reflect certain wavelengths and let others through. Since the primary colours are three in number, two separating means are sufficient to divide the light into its primary colour components. For each primary colour, a correction filter 4, 6, 7 is arranged for correct colour reproduction. After each correction filter a light amplifier 8, 9, 10 and filming picture recording equipment 11, 12, 13 are arranged. In this embodiment each of these pieces of filming picture recording equipment is a video camera and will below be referred to as a video camera. The light amplifier 8, 9, 10 has a photocathode and is known in itself. The light amplification can be in the order of 30,000 times. Each video camera 11, 12, 13 has an output which is connected to a frame grabber 14, which is a digitising card for video signals. The digitising card is arranged in a computer 15, which in turn is connected to a display unit 16, in this case a screen. The computer can also be connected to a storage unit 24 for storing the information for subsequent analysis and examination. The function of the device in Fig. 1 will now be described. The source of light illuminates the eye with white light. The light is reflected by the eye, or more specifically principally by the fundus of the eye, and passes the semi-transparent mirror 23 of the fundus camera 2. The two separating means 3, 5 divide the reflected light into its primary colours, viz. red, blue and green. The first separating means 3 is a blue reflector which deflects light with wavelengths of up to about 460 nm while it lets through light with a longer wavelength. The deflected light passes the correction filter 4 which is blue and lets through light with wavelengths of between about 340 and about 525 nm. The light that has passed the blue correction filter 4 falls on the light amplifier 8 in the form of a reproduction of the eye. The light amplifier 8 amplifies the light about 30,000 times. The amplified light in the form of an amplified reproduction of the eye is passed on to the video camera 11. The light which has been let through by the first separating means 3 proceeds to the second separating means 5. The second separating means 5 is a red reflector which lets through light with wavelengths in the range of about 360-610 nm. The remaining light is deflected. The deflected light passes a correction filter 6 which is red and lets through light with wavelengths above about 600 nm. The light which has passed the red correction filter 6 falls on the light amplifier 9 and on the video camera 12 in a manner corresponding to that described above for blue light. The light which has been let through both by the first and by the second separating means 3, 5, i.e. light with wavelengths in the range of about 460-610 nm, proceeds to the correction filter 7 which is green and lets through light with wavelengths in the range of about 520-580 nm. The light which has passed the green correction filter 7 falls on the light amplifier 10 and on the video camera 13 in a manner corresponding to that described above for blue light. The output signals from the video cameras 11, 12, 13 are transmitted to the digitising card 14, where they are each digitised separately. A common synchronising pulse is used to synchronise the video cameras. From the digitising card 14 the signals are passed on in the computer 15. The three signals are processed in the computer and then transmitted to the display unit 16, in this case a screen. Alternatively, the digitising of the signals can already be effected in the respective video cameras 11, 12 and 13, and the digital output sig- nals therefrom are then passed on to the computer for carrying out the desirable picture processing. It goes without saying that the information can be stored for subsequent analysis and examination. The video cameras are preferably black-and-white CCD cameras . The physical properties of the light amplifiers 8, 9, 10 make the colour information in the amplified light disappear. Only the intensity information remains. However, by knowing which wavelengths are let through by the correction filters and forwarding this information to the computer, it is possible to recreate the colour information. Fig. 2 shows an installation for colour calibration of the inventive device. For colour calibration, the eye 1 and the fundus camera 2 are replaced by a picture area 17 which is a white surface, an optical system 18, a semi-transparent mirror 19, and a source of light 20. The source of light 20 has a known spectral distribution and is arranged in the original position of the source of light 22. One colour at a time is calibrated, prefer- ably in the red, green and blue part of the spectrum. The mirror 19 is arranged in the original position of the mirror 23, i.e. in front of the separating means 3 at an angle of 45° to the beam path. The light from the source of light 20 illuminates by means of the optical system 18 the picture area 17, which reflects all the colour components of the illuminating light and, in turn, is reproduced in the picture area 21 of the video camera. The distance between the source of light 20 and the mirror 19 is equal to the distance between the mirror 19 and the picture area 21. The optical system 18 contains prisms, lenses and other optical media, and its function is to focus and adjust the size of the picture of the source of light 20. Fig. 2 shows for the sake of simplicity one picture area 21 only. If the source of light 20 emits white light having a know spectral distribution, all three colours can, however, be calibrated simultaneously. In that case, the picture areas for all three video cameras are arranged in the position 21. As an alternative embodiment, the light source 22 and the mirror 23 of the fundus camera can also be used for calibration against the white plate 17. In that case, there are optics corresponding to the optical system 18 in the fundus camera. The software of the computer comprises routines for automatic calibration of the colour reproduction, the colours being practically correctly reproduced. To obtain a picture with all colours correctly reproduced, it is of course necessary to use the signals from all three primary colours. Precisely for the reproduction of the eye, the conditions, however, are such that the largest part of the information is to be found in the red signal. A smaller part of the information is available in the green signal, and an extremely small amount of the information is to be found in the blue signal. Thus, a large part of the information can be obtain- ed by using but a combination of e.g. the red and the green signal. It goes without saying that equivalent conditions are applicable in other cases. The inventive device thus makes it possible to realtime film the eye in colour with correct colour reproduc- tion also at a low light intensity. Thanks to the division of the light into primary colours with a subsequent light amplification of each colour separately, real-time filming in colour is possible at a low light intensity. It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment applied to the eye but can be used in general in a similar manner in respect of an arbitrary object which is dimly illuminated as stated in the appended claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A device for filming a dimly illuminated object, comprising a light amplifier (8, 9, 10) for amplifying the light reflected from the object and reproducing the object on the light amplifier, and picture recording equipment (11, 12, 13) filming the light amplifier's amplified reproduction of the object, c h a r a c t e r - i s e d by means (3, 5) for dividing the light reflected from the object by separation of at least two colour components from said light, a light amplifier (8, 9, 10) for each of the separated colour components for amplifying the light in the respective separated colour components, and filming picture recording equipment (11, 12, 13) for each of the light amplifiers for recording the light, amplified by the respective light amplifiers, in the respective colour components. 2. A device as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c - t e r i s e d in that each separating means (3, 5) is a reflector for reflecting wavelengths corresponding to one of the colour components and letting the remaining wavelengths through. 3. A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, c h a r - a c t e r i s e d in that a correction filter (4, 6, 7) is arranged in front of each of the light amplifiers (8, 9, 10) . 4. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that each picture recording equipment (11, 12, 13) comprises a digitising unit or has an output connected to a digitising unit (14) . 5. A device as claimed in claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by a computer (15) which is connected to a display means (16) and/or a storage means (24) for dis- play and storage, respectively, of a recorded picture sequence . 6. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 for filming the eye (1), c h a r a c t e r i s e d by a source of white light (22) with low intensity for illuminating the eye (1) . 7. A device as claimed in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the separating means are arranged for separation of a red colour component and a green colour component. 8. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the separating means (3, 5) are arranged for separation of a colour component for each of the three primary colours red, blue and green. 9. A method for filming a dimly illuminated object, the light reflected from the object in the form of a reproduction of the object being amplified and the amplified reproduction then being recorded by filming picture recording equipment, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the reflected light is divided by separation therefrom of at least two colour components, the light in each of the separated colour components is amplified and recorded separately, and the amplified light in each of the separated colour components is recorded separately. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the recorded light in each of the separated colour components is digitised separately and displayed jointly by a display means (16) and/or stored separately by a storage means (24) for subsequent display. 11. A method as claimed in claim 9 or 10 for filming the eye (1), c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the eye (1) is illuminated with white light of low intensity.

Inventors: OEHMAN ROLF, OEHMAN, ROLF
Applicants: OEHMAN ROLF, TILLY MEDICAL PRODUCTS AB, OEHMAN, ROLF
Application year: 1998
Main classification: A61B3
IPC codes: A61B3, H04N9