AN ELECTRIC SWITCHING DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR PERFORMING ELECTRIC DISCONNECTION OF A LOAD

Abstract: An electric switching device comprises a quick mechanical electric switch (5) and an irradiation source (8) and at least one switching element (7) sensitive to irradiation and adapted to create an electrically well conducting current path by-passing the electric mechanical switch upon irradiation thereon through the irradiation source, but assuming an electrically insulating state in absence of irradiation thereon. Said quick mechanical electric switch is a switch capable of being quickly de-ionised after extinction of an electric arc created therein upon separation of the contacts of the mechanical switch.

Description: AN ELECTRIC SWITCHING DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR PERFORMING ELECTRIC DISCONNECTION OF A LOAD TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention relates to an electric switching device comprising a fast mechanical electric switch. The device is primarily intended for disconnecting high powers, for example when overcur- rents occur. The invention also relates to a method for performing electric disconnection of a load according to the preamble of the appended method claim. The device may more exactly be intended for connecting and disconnecting objects in electric power plants or electric power networks as well connecting and disconnecting parts thereof to or from other equipment included in the electric power plant or an object connected thereto. Accordingly, the term "object" is intended to have a very broad sense and comprises any apparatuses and devices included in electric power plants and electric power networks as well as generally parts of the electric power plant and/or the electric power network. It may as an example be mentioned that the object may be an electric apparatus having a magnetic circuit, for example a generator, transformer or motor. Also other objects are conceivable, for instance power lines and cables, switch-gear equipment etc. The present invention is intended to be used for medium and high voltages. According to the lEC-standard medium voltage means 1 - 72,5 kV, while high voltage is >72,5 kV. Accordingly, the transmission, subtransmission and distribution levels are comprised. In electric power plants known circuit breakers, for instance SF 6 - breakers, oil breakers or so-called vacuum breakers, have normally been used for connection and disconnection of the object in question. In some rare cases, in which there is a requirement of a very high speed, semiconductor "breakers", such as for example thyristors or IGBTs, may be used. All said circuit breakers has such a design that they when breaking give rise to a galvanic separation of two metal contacts (arcing contacts), between which the current to be interrupted continues to flow in an arc. The interruption or breaking is then achieved by ar- ranging the breaker so that this arc is extinguished upon a current zero passage, i.e. when the current through the breaker arrives to zero and change polarity, which takes place two times each twenty milliseconds in a 50 Hz-network. Accordingly, these circuit breakers only function for alternating current and not for direct current, where no zero passage occurs. A circuit breaker with the construction according to above has to be designed for being able to interrupt both in a large amount of breaking cases with comparatively moderate currents, so-called operation currents, but also in breaking cases with a high overcur- rent, fault currents. A circuit breaker has to be designed to be able to handle large amounts of energy when breaking an overcurrent in the arc be- tween the arcing contacts. The gap between the contacts has to be brought to a very high dielectric strength within a short period of time after a current breaking has been successfully carried out so as to avoid reignition of an arc, i.e. guarantee the continued existence of the interruption. Since circuit breakers, for example SF 6 -breakers, oil breakers or so-called vacuum breakers, have to handle a high thermal and electric load in one and the same critical region within a short period of time, they will get a comparatively complex construction, which results in a comparatively long breaking time. It is underlined that the overcurrent primarily intended here is a short-circuit current generated in connection to the object switched, for example as a consequence of a fault in the electric insulation system of the object switched. Such faults means that the fault current (short-circuit current) of external network/ equipment will tend to flow through an arc. This may lead to failure. It may also be mentioned that the maximum short-circuit current (fault current) the Swedish power network is dimensioned for is 63 kA. The short-circuit current may in reality be 40-50 kA. A problem with said circuit breakers is the long breaking time thereof. The maximum breaking time (lEC-standard) for a breaking completely carried out is 150 milliseconds (ms). It is associated with large difficulties to reduce this breaking time to under 90-130 ms depending on the operation case. The consequence of this is that a very high current will flow through the object switched upon a fault therein during the entire time required for bringing the circuit breaker to interruption. The total fault current of the external power network means a considerable stress on the object switched during this time. The operation of the network will during this time also be disturbed, so that other equipment connected to the network may be substantially disturbed or damaged. In order to avoid damages and total breakdowns with respect to the object switched this is constructed so that it may manage to be excerted to the short-circuit currents/fault currents during the breaking time of the circuit breaker without any damages worth mentioning. The need to construct the object switched so that it may take the short-circuit current/fault current during a considerable time results in substan- tial drawbacks in the form of more expensive constructions and lower performances. With respect to disturbances of the network and equipment connected thereto there is for the moment no protection integrated in the network, so that each manufacturer has to protect sensitive equipment with "backup" and network stabilising assemblies. More sensitive equipment such as systems based on microprocessors, for example communication and computer systems, frequently requires a restart associated with considerable costs. Semiconductor power devices, such as thyristors, MOSFETs and IGBTs, may not alone withstand the voltages in question, so that a number thereof have to be connected in series. In the order of hundreds of such components have to be connected in series in some high voltage applications. This leads to a complicated control system of the equipment for ensuring the operation, i.e. that the voltage and power is distributed uniformly over the components. The use of semiconductor components made of silicon also results in comparatively high losses, which requires an efficient cooling, since the component may otherwise break down thermally. The total system with control, regulation and cooling all the components connected in series individually on the individual voltage level thereof tends to become very complex and the entire system is therefore associated with high costs. The costs may exceed those for circuit breakers considerably, which in general excludes the use of such semiconductor components in electric power plants and electric power networks for the applications discussed here. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method making it possible to obtain a better switching and by that a reduced stress on the object switched and also a reduced disturbance of the network and equipment connected thereto to a cost being attractive in this context. This object is according to the invention obtained by providing a device according to the characterising part of the appended claim 1 . Thus, the second electric switch is designed so that a switching element, which hereinafter is called shunt element, is connected in parallel with the first electric switch in the form of a quick mechanical electric switch, which accordingly will have contacts with metallic conductivity. The shunt element is so designed that it may be brought in an electrically conducting state through irradiation, for example by light or an electron beam. When a disconnection, i.e. an interruption, is carried out, the shunt element is exposed to said irradiation, which brings the shunt element in a conducting state and the mechanical switch may be controlled to disconnect without any substantial thermal or electric load. The exposure of the shunt element to irradiation is preferably ceased when the breaker is in a separated position, which means that this element reduces its electrical conductivity. By using a switch capable of being quickly de-ionised after extinction of an electric arc created therein upon separation of the con- tacts of the mechanical switch as said fast mechanical electric switch it will be possible to start the disconnection operation by beginning to move said contacts apart and thus creating an electric arc therebetween and then with a delay with respect to the beginning of the movement of the contacts start to irradiate said switch- ing element and quickly achieve the disconnected state of the device. Thus, an electric arc is created, but it will be enough to irradiate the switching element during a short period of time to obtain the disconnected state, said time being long enough to obtain a de-ionisation of the gap between said contacts to prevent the electric arc from returning when said irradiation is ceased. There are also considerable advantages with respect to the prior art devices when the device is brought into the conducting state, in which the switching element is irradiated, so that the mechanical electric switch may close without any transients. Thus, the invention is based on the principle that the trust is not only put on a mechanical operation for opening and closing a circuit and that conventional power semiconductor components are neither used with the high costs and the high losses connected thereto, but a switching device comprising a mechanical electric switch and a shunt element, the conductivity of which is controlled by irradiation, is instead utilized. This method to release the mechanical contact from electric and thermal stress during the very operation means that the breaker may be constructed so that a very quick interruption is obtained. The switching device will function well both for alternating and direct currents. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention said mechanical electric switch is a vacuum interrupter. The use of a vac- uum interrupter is very advantageous in an electric switching device of this type, since the gap between the contacts may be de- ionised in a very short time, such as in the order of 10 μs. This is due to the fact that the electric arc is burning in the metal vapour from the contacts in a vacuum interrupter, and when the current is taken away, here by closing the shunt element, the metal vapour escapes and adheres to the internal walls and the like of the interrupter, so that there are no ions to conduct current through the gap and the interruption will be completed. This means that it is enough to irradiate the switching element during a comparatively short pe- riod of time, so that a small amount of energy will be required to control the shunt element. This also means that it is possible to utilise new types of irradiators, such as light sources, which may only irradiate during a short period of time. Furthermore, the thermal stress on the irradiation source will also be reduced. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention said device comprises a control unit adapted, when disconnecting, to first control the contacts of the first electric switch to move apart and when they have from the closed position of this switch moved at least a substantial part of the way to the maximum distance therebetween to control the second electric switch to form said electrically well conducting current path through irradiation of the switching element for a period of time being short in comparison to the time needed for the contacts of the first electric switch to move from the closing position to the fully spaced-apart position thereof. This means that a small amount of energy will be required to control the switching element, and the thermal load on the element will be relatively small. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention being a further development of the embodiment last mentioned, said substantial part is the major part of said way to the maximum distance between the contacts. By waiting that long during the movement of the contacts to establish the by-pass through the switching element, very high voltages may be reliably interrupted after a short period of time of irradiation of the switching element for de- ionising the gap between said contacts. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention said control unit is adapted to control the second electric switch to form the electrically well conducting current path through irradiation of the switching element at the end of the movement of the contacts of the first mechanical switch apart. This means that a minimum of energy will be required for said irradiation for reliably interrupting high voltages by the device. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the time of irradiation of said switching element is less than 1/10, preferably less than 1/50, of the time required for moving the contacts of the first mechanical switch from a closed position to a fully spaced-apart position when disconnecting. This means that the energy required for the irradiation of said switching element will be very small with respect to the case in which no formation of any electric arc in the mechanical switch would have been accepted and the by-passing by said electrically well conducting current path had been maintained over the entire movement of said contacts from the closing to the open position. A very preferred possible relation between the length of time for irradiation of the switching element and the time needed to move the contacts of the mechanical switch from a closed to a fully spaced-apart position is according to a preferred embodiment of the invention about 10 μs to 1 ms. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the switching element has at least one layer made of a material with an energy gap between the valence band and conduction band of at least 2,5 eV. Such "wide band gap materials" suitable are for instance SiC, diamond, AIN, GaN and BN, and in particular such a switching element, made of SiC or diamond, will due to the characteristics of these materials be very advantageous in an electric switching device of this type. These two materials have both a very high break- down voltage, so that such a switching element may hold a considerably higher voltage when not irradiated than such switching elements made of semiconductor materials conventionally used. This means that one such switching element may hold a voltage which would normally require a plurality of such switching elements connected in series or fewer such switching elements connected in series may be used than when using such switching elements of conventional materials for holding very high voltages. Furthermore, both SiC and diamond are stable at very high temperatures, well up to 1 000 K, which may be very useful when high electric powers are to be handled. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the switching element is a photoconductive element. This constitutes an easy way to control the switching element. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention said second electric switch comprises a plurality of said switching element connected in series, which means that the device may function well when breaking very high voltages. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention the device comprises a plurality of quick mechanical electric switches first mentioned connected in series and having each a second electric switch connected in parallel therewith. Such a device may be used for handling very high electric powers, and the quick mechanical electric switches will then advantageously be controlled simultaneously, as well as the second electric switches of the device. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention at least one varistor is connected in parallel with the first electric switch and the switching element. Overvoltages which would be generated when breaking an inductive load induce a current in said varistor, in which the magnetic energy is absorbed. Accordingly, the varistor is used to absorb magnetic energy possibly stored in the interrupted circuit. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention an electric switching device according to any embodiment of the in- vention mentioned above is used for connecting and disconnecting objects in an electric power plant to and from, respectively, an electric power network or another equipment included in the electric power plant. This is an advantageous use of an electric switching device of this type, since the problems of rapidly con- necting and disconnecting objects are particularly accentuated there. The invention also comprises a method for performing electric disconnection of a load, especially for disconnecting high electric powers, by means of a quick mechanical electric switch, in which a second electric switch connected in parallel with the first mechanical electric switch and comprising an irradiation source and a switching element sensitive to irradiation, is brought to form an electrically well conducting current path by-passing the first electric switch through irradiation thereof by the irradiation source after the contacts of the first electric switch have been moved a substantial part of their way from the closed position to the fully spaced-apart position, so that the switching element is then brought to go from an electrically insulating state to an electrically conducting state and the first electric switch is de-ionised during the period of time of conduction of said switching element. This method has the advantages discussed above with respect to the possible irradiation sources and the low energy needed for appropriately controlling the switching elements by irradiation thereof mentioned above. Further advantages and preferred features of the invention appear from the following description and the other dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS With reference to the appended drawings, below follows a specific description of preferred embodiments of the invention cited as examples. In the drawings: Fig 1 is a very schematic view illustrating the most essential parts of an electric switching device according to a first preferred embodiment of the in- vention, Fig 2 is a very schematic view of a part of the switching device according to fig 1 used to explain the function of the switching device according to the invention in association with fig 3-9, Fig 3 is a diagram illustrating the distance x between two contacts in a mechanical electric switch in the electric switching device according to fig 1 versus time when disconnecting, Fig 4 is a diagram illustrating the electric conductivity of the photoconductive switching element in the device according to fig 1 versus time when the electric switching device disconnects a load, 5 Fig 5 is a diagram illustrating the current through the mechanical electric switch of the device according to fig 1 versus time when disconnecting a load, 10 Fig 6 is a diagram illustrating the current l 2 through the switching element of the device according to fig 1 versus time when disconnecting a load, Fig 7 is a diagram illustrating the current l 3 through the 15 varistor of the device according to fig 1 versus time when disconnecting a load, Fig 8 is a diagram illustrating the returning voltages that an electric mechanical switch may withstand 20 versus the distance between the contacts thereof for different environments of the contact, Fig 9 is a diagram illustrating a change of the returning voltage acceptable without jeopardising the inter- 25 ruption of an electric mechanical switch versus time when going from the closed state to the opened state for a vacuum interrupter and an interrupter having another medium in the gap between the contacts, and 30 Fig 10 -13 are schematic views of electric switching devices according to second, third, fourth and fifth embodiments, respectively, of the present invention. 35 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION An electric switching device 1 according to a first preferred em- bodiment of the invention is very schematically illustrated in fig 1 . This device is arranged in an electric power plant having a switched object 2, such as a generator. This object is through a line 3 connected to an external electric power supply network 4. The electric switching device is arranged to switch the object, i.e. con- nect and disconnect the object 2 and the power network 4. However, it is emphasised that said switching of the object may take place with respect to any other part of the electric power plant. The disconnection of the object 2 with respect to the network may either take place for protecting the object against fault currents from the network or the equipment or for protecting the network/ equipment against voltage and operation disturbances that would result from a high fault current towards the object. The switching device comprises a first electric switch 5 in the form of a quick mechanical switch having two contacts controlled to move apart for breaking and into contact with each other for closing the switch. This mechanical switch is in the present case a switch capable of being quickly de-ionised after extinction of an electric arc created therein upon separation of the contacts of the switch, and this switch is in this embodiment a vacuum interrupter. A second electric switch 6 is connected in parallel with the first switch 5 and comprises a switching element in the form of a photo- conductive element 7. The second electric switch also comprises an irradiation source 8 adapted to irradiate the element 7 for bringing it into a conducting state as long as it is irradiated. As soon as the irradiation of the switching element 7 is stopped the switching element will be "open" - accordingly in a non-conducting blocking state. Thus, the switching element is controlled by means, the irradiation source, electrically separated from said element. Furthermore, the device has also a control unit 9 adapted to control the light source 8 and the mechanical switch 5. This unit is connected to a sensor 10 adapted to detect parameters indicating the presence of an overcurrent in the line 3. A varistor 1 1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch 5, and the function thereof will be explained further below. The electric switching device is very fast with respect to a conven- tional circuit breaker, which means that the fault current in the line 3 will not rise to the maximum level. It is also desired to minimize the inductances in the commutation circuit and the commutation time as much as possible by a suitable design of the commutation circuit. Fig 3-7 illustrates what's happening when an overcurrent has been detected by the sensor 10 and the control unit 9 controls the switching device to disconnect the object 2 from the network/ equipment 4. At a point of time t-i corresponding to the point of time for the detection of an overcurrent the vacuum interrupter is controlled to start to separate the contacts, and these move apart according to the line in fig 3 indicating the distance between the two contacts. Accordingly, the fully spaced-apart position of the contacts is reached at a point of time t 2 , which may be approxi- mately 1 ms later than t-| . Fig 5 illustrates how the current l-i (see also fig 2) continues to flow between the contacts in the vacuum interrupter in the form of an electric arc also after the separation has been started (t-i). The light source 8 is controlled to start to irradiate the switching element 7 at a point of time t 3 at which the contacts of the vacuum interrupter have moved a substantial part of the way to the maximum distance x-i therebetween. In the present case t 3 is located at the very end of the movement of the contacts apart, namely during the last 10 μs of this movement. It is illustrated in fig 4 how the electrical conductivity σ of the switching element is changed as a consequence of said irradiation thereof, and fig 6 illustrates the current l 2 through the switching element 7 versus time. The switching element 7 will only be irradiated during a short period of time, such as 10 μs, and the disconnection of the object 2 with respect to the network/equipment 4 will then have been completed. Fig 7 illustrates the current l 3 through the varistor 1 1 versus time, and it may be seen that the varistor is conducting a short period of time after the irradiation of the switching element has ceased, and the interruption is completed when l disappears. The consequences of this way of controlling the two electric switches connected in parallel will be as follows. When the contacts of the vacuum interrupter 5 start to move apart an electric arc is formed in the gap between these contacts. When the irradiation source 8 starts to irradiate the switching element 7 at t 3 an electrically well conducting current path by-passing the vacuum inter- rupter will be formed, so that the current will now flow through the switching element instead. This means that the electric arc in the vacuum interrupter will be extinguished and the gap between the contacts thereof will be de-ionised very fast, namely there will be a vacuum therein as soon as the metal vapour resulting from the electric arc near the contacts has disappeared and adheres to the interior walls of the vacuum interrupter. This will be achieved in a short period of time, in the order of 10 μs. The electric interruption of the current path is then taking place in the switching element 7 (shunt element), when the irradiation thereof is ceased, and the current may not return to the gap between the contacts of the vacuum interrupter after that, since there will be a complete vacuum in this gap and the interruption or disconnection will be completed. This means that a substantial part of electric or thermal stress during the disconnection procedure will be taken by the switching element 7. Magnetic energy possibly remaining is absorbed in the varistor 1 1 . Thus, it is possible to allow an electric arc to be formed in the electric mechanical switch and still obtain a very quick disconnection by the switching device, since a mechanical electric switch capable of being quickly de-ionised after extinction of an electric arc is used, so that it will be enough to divert the current through the device to the photoconductive switching element for a short period of time for de-ionising the gap and completing the interruption. This would not be possible for a conventional switch having for instance air between the gaps, since it would then be necessary to remove the current from the mechanical switch for such a long time that the plasma in the gap has cooled down, which will take a considerable time. It is very advantageous that the period of time necessary for obtaining a disconnection by irradiation of the switching element 7 is short, since this means that a small amount of energy is required to control the irradiation source 8. This also means that the thermal stress on the irradiation source is reduced, and that new types of irradiation sources being able to only irradiate a short period of time may be used, which means that additional costs may be saved. Fig 8 illustrates how the maximum voltage U returning across a gap after de-ionising thereof without any reignition of an electric arc is dependent upon the distance x between two contacts defining said gap for a gap of air a, a gap of SF 6 b and a gap of vacuum c as in a vacuum interrupter. It may be seen that this voltage with- stand of the gap will increase much more rapid for a gap of vacuum in the beginning of the movement of the contacts apart. On the other, this means that this voltage will have an acceptable level earlier than in the case of air or SF 6 , so that it will be possible to obtain an interruption at a point of time t 2 being closer to the point of time for the detection of an overcurrent, so that any negative consequences thereof may be reduced. A part of an electric switching device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention is very schematically illustrated in fig 10, and this differs from that shown in fig 1 and 2 by the fact that there are two switching elements 7, 7' connected in series in parallel with one mechanical switch 5. An irradiation source 8, 8' is arranged for each switching element. This means that the breakdown voltage of the switching elements will not restrict the ability of the switching device to hold high voltages. It will of course be possible to connect as many switching elements as desired in se- ries for improving the ability to hold high voltages. A RC-circuit 1 1 ' is preferably connected across each switching element for absorbing magnetic energy and for ensuring 1hat the two switching elements 7, 7' will share the power and the voltage developed upon disconnecting equally. This RC-circuit may just as well be replaced by a varistor. It should be mentioned, that a disconnecter may be arranged between the switching elements 7 and the network/equipment 4 and be controlled to disconnect the network/ equipment 4 from the switching element/elements after the discon- nection of the object 2 from the network/equipment for achieving galvanic separation from the switching elements in the disconnected state. A further preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1 1 . In this case two mechanical electric switches 5, 5' are connected in series and one switching element 7 is connected across these mechanical switches. This embodiment may be interesting when the material of the switching element has a very high breakdown voltage, as in the case of using intrinsic diamond, so that very high vol- tages may be hold by the switching element. Another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 12, and this differs from that shown in fig. 10 by the fact that one single irradiation source 8 is used to irradiate two switching ele- ments 7, 7'. It would of course also be possible to arrange an irradiation source to irradiate more than two switching elements. A further preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in fig 13. In this case two mechanical electric switches 5, 5' are connected in series, and two switching elements 7, 7' are connected across each mechanical switch. Accordingly, this device is suitable for handling higher voltages. It should be noted that the switching performances of the individual switching elements depend upon the material used therefore, and it may be mentioned that the use of "wide band gap materials", such as SiC, intrinsic diamond, AIN, GaN or BN in these switches will result in switches able to hold much higher voltages, perhaps in the region of 10 kV or higher each. Accordingly, the number of switching elements connected in series, the complexability of the equipment controlling them and by that costs may then be reduced. Si may also be used as material for such a switching element. The invention is of course not in any way restricted to the preferred embodiments described above, but many possibilities to modifications thereof would be apparent to a man with ordinary skill in the art without departing from the basic idea of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The number of switching elements, mechanical switches and the like may of course be arbitrarily varied. The irradiation source may be of any type utilising for instance visible light, UV-light, IR-light, or any form of coherent radiation (e.g. from a laser), electron beams, ion beams, x-ray radiation and so on. Finally, it is pointed out that the switching device according to the invention is not only suited to be used for interrupting overcurrents but it may also be used to interrupt and establish a current path at normal operation conditions.

Claims: Claims 1 . An electric switching device comprising a quick mechanical electric switch (5), characterized in that a second electric switch (6) is connected in parallel with the electric switch first mentioned, that said second electric switch comprises an irradiation source (8) and at least one switching element (7) sensitive to irradiation and adapted to create an electrically well conducting current path by-passing the first electric switch upon ir- radiation thereon through the irradiation source, but assuming an electrically insulating state in absence of irradiation thereon, and that the quick mechanical electric switch (5) is a switch capable of being quickly de-ionised after extinction of an electric arc created therein upon separation of the contacts of the me- chanical switch. 2. A device according to claim 1 , characterized in that said mechanical electrical switch (5) is a vacuum interrupter. 3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a control unit (9) adapted, when disconnecting, to first control the contacts of the first electric switch (5) to move apart and when they have from the closed position of this switch moved at least a substantial part of the way to the maximum distance therebetween to control the second electric switch (6) to form said electrically well conducting current path through irradiation of the switching element (7) for a period of time being short in comparison to the time needed for the contacts of the first electric switch to move from the closing position to the fully spaced-apart position thereof. 4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that said substantial part is the major part of said way to the maximum distance between the contacts. 5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that said control unit (9) is adapted to control the second electric switch (6) to form the electrically well conducting current path through irradiation of the switching element (7) at the end of the move- ment of the contacts of the first mechanical switch apart. 6. A device according to any of claims 3-5, characterized in that the time of irradiation of said switching element (7) is less than 1/10, preferably less than 1/50, of the time required for moving the contacts of the first mechanical switch (5) from a closed position to a fully spaced-apart position when disconnecting. 7. A device according to any of claims 3-6, characterized in that the first electric switch (5) needs about 1 ms to move the con- tacts from a closed to a fully spaced apart position, whereas the length of time for irradiation of said switching element (7) for forming said electrically well conducting current path is in the range of 10 μs. 8. A device according to any of claims 1 -7, characterized in that said switching element (7) is a semicondutor device having at least one layer made of a material with an energy gap between the valence band and conduction band of at least 2,5 eV. 9. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that said switching element (7) is a semiconductor device having at least one layer made of SiC. 10. A device according to claim 8, characterized in that said switching element (7) is a semiconductor device having at least one layer made of diamond. 1 1 . A device according to any of claims 1 -10, characterized in that said switching element (7) is a photoconductive element. 12. A device according to any of claims 1 -1 1 , characterized in that said second electric switch (6) comprises a plurality of said switching elements (7, 7') connected in series. 13. A device according to any of claims 1 -12, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of quick mechanical electric switches (5, 5') first mentioned connected in series having each a second electric switch connected in parallel therewith. 14. A device according to any of claims 1 -12, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of quick mechanical electric switches (5, 5') first mentioned connected in series having at least one second electric switch connected in parallel therewith. 15. A device according to any of claims 1 -14, characterized in that at least one means (1 1 ) for absorbing magnetic energy possibly generated upon disconnection of the device is connected in parallel with the first electric switch (5) and the switching element (7). 16. A device according to claim 15, characterized in that said means for absorbing magnetic energy is a varistor (1 1 ). 17. A device according to claim 15, characterized in that said means for absorbing magnetic energy is a RC-circuit. 18. A device according to any of claims 1 -17, characterized in that the switching element (7) and the irradiation source (8) are electrically separated from each other. 19. A device according to any of claims 1 -18, characterized in that it comprises one irradiation source (8) adapted to irradiate more than one switching element (7, 7'). 20. A device according to any of claims 1 -19, characterized in that the control unit (9) is connected to the first and second electric switches so as to control the function thereof depending upon information arriving to the control unit. 21 . A device according to claim 20, characterized in that an ar- rangement (10) detecting overcurrent conditions is connected to the control unit (9) so as to deliver information thereto about conditions indicating overcurrents. 22. A device according to any of claims 1 -21 , characterized in that it is arranged to quickly connect and disconnect objects (2) to and from, respectively, an electric power network (4) in an electric power plant or another equipment included in the electric power plant, said first and second electric switches (5, 6) being connected in a line (3) between the object and a net- work/equipment. 23. A device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is adapted for use for intermediate and high voltages above one kV, suitably above 5 kV, especially above 10 kV, preferably above 20 kV, in particular above 40 kV and more particularly above 72 kV. 24. A use of an electric switching device (1 ) according to any of claims 1 -23 for connecting and disconnecting objects (2) in an electric power plant to and from, respectively, an electric power grid (4) or another equipment included in the electric power plant. 25. A method for performing electric disconnection of a load (2), especially for disconnecting high electric powers, by means of a quick mechanical electric switch (5), characterized in that a second electric switch (6) connected in parallel with the first mechanical electric switch and comprising an irradiation source (8) and a switching element (7) sensitive to irradiation, is brought to form an electrically well conducting current path bypassing the first electric switch through irradiation thereof by the irradiation source after the contacts of the first electric switch have been moved a substantial part of their way from the closed position to the fully spaced-apart position, so that the switching element is then brought to go from an electrically insulating state to an electrically conducting state and the first electric switch is de-ionised during the period of time of conduction of said switching element.

Inventors: BERNHOFF HANS, ISBERG JAN, MIN PAN, SKYTT PER, BERNHOFF, HANS, ISBERG, JAN, MIN, PAN, SKYTT, PER
Applicants: ASEA BROWN BOVERI, BERNHOFF HANS, ISBERG JAN, MIN PAN, SKYTT PER, ASEA BROWN BOVERI AB, BERNHOFF, HANS, ISBERG, JAN, MIN, PAN, SKYTT, PER
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H01H33
IPC codes: H01H9, H01H33, H02H3