LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device for displaying a visible image by controlling the alignment of a liquid crystal disposed between a pair of transparent substrates (1a, 1b), a resistance element (8, 13, 18, 28, 40) for changing a voltage which will be imposed in the liquid crystal is directly formed on the transparent substrate (1a) by ITO or the like. One or ones of the resistance branches (8a) of a resistance pattern (8) are cut off by a laser beam to thereby change the resistance value of the resistance pattern (8) so that a voltage which will be imposed on the liquid crystal is adjusted. A peripheral circuit including a capacitor and/or the like may be directly formed on the transparent substrate (1a) in addition to the resistance pattern (8). The peripheral circuit may be formed to a portion located between the pair of transparent substrates (1a, 1b). The shape of the liquid crystal display device as a whole can be reduced by the formation of the resistance element and other peripheral circuit on the substrate of a liquid crystal panel.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device for displaying a visible image such as a character, a numeral and the like by modulating light by controlling the alignment of a liquid crystal. Further, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. In addition, the present invention relates to electronic equipment using the liquid crystal display device. BACKGROUND ART Recently, liquid crystal display devices have been widely used as a visible image displaying portion of various types of electronic equipment such as a video camera and the like. The liquid crystal display device modulates light by controlling the alignment of a liquid crystal depending upon whether a prescribed voltage is imposed thereon or not to thereby display a visible image such a character, a numeral and the like. In general, the liquid crystal display device is arranged such that one pixel is formed by a liquid crystal partitioned to a dot shape and a visible image display region is formed by disposing a plurality of the pixels in a matrix shape. Then, the visible image is displayed making use of contrast of light produced depending upon whether a prescribed voltage is imposed or not on each of the respective liquid crystals which form the respective pixels. To obtain optimum contrast in this case, the voltage imposed on each liquid crystal must be maintained to a prescribed value which is optimum to the liquid crystal. In an ordinary liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal driving IC is mounted on a liquid crystal panel and when an output voltage of host equipment side, for example, a portable telephone, is imposed on the external input terminal of the liquid crystal driving IC, a voltage which will be imposed on a liquid crystal appears on the output terminal of the liquid crystal driving IC. However, the characteristics of liquid crystal driving ICs may be dispersed depending upon conditions under which they are manufactured and the characteristics of liquid crystal panels may be also dispersed. The following two methods are contemplated to impose an optimum voltage on each of the liquid crystals forming respective pixels even if such dispersion arises. First, there is contemplated a method of adjusting a voltage imposed on a liquid crystal to a prescribed value by adjusting a voltage supplied from host equipment to a liquid crystal driving IC. Another method is such that a resistance element is additionally connected to the liquid crystal driving IC and a voltage imposed on the liquid crystal is adjusted to a prescribed value by adjusting the resistance value of the resistance element while maintaining the voltage supplied from the host equipment to a given value. Taking into consideration an actual situation that a liquid crystal display device is finished as a product in a state that a liquid crystal driving IC is mounted on a liquid crystal panel, it is preferable that the output voltage of host equipment supplied to the liquid crystal display device is adjustable. Actually, however, the method in which the adjusting of the voltage is performed in the liquid crystal display device while maintaining the voltage supplied from the host equipment to the given value has been widely used. Conventionally, when a voltage is not adjusted on a host equipment side but adjusted on a liquid crystal display device side, an FPC (flexible printed circuit) or a transit PCB (printed circuit board) is connected to the external connecting terminal of a liquid crystal panel and a resistance element is mounted on the FPC or the transit PCB and an operating voltage which will be supplied to a liquid crystal driving IC is changed by the action of the resistance element. However, the conventional liquid crystal display device having the resistance element mounted on the FPC or the transit PCB has a problem that an additional area or space is required to the FPC or the like to mount the resistance element thereon and, as a result, the liquid crystal display device is increased in size accordingly. In particular, when there is taken into consideration a liquid crystal display device of a type having a liquid crystal driving IC(s) directly mounted on one or both of a pair of light transmitting substrates having a liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween, that is, a liquid crystal display device of a COG (chip on glass) system, the liquid crystal display device has a great advantage that it does not especially require a large FPC, transit PCB and the like because the liquid crystal display device equips the liquid crystal driving IC(s) on the transparent substrate(s). Therefore, concerning the liquid crystal display device of the COG type, in case that the FPC or the transit PCB is additionally mounted on the liquid crystal display device wittingly in order to add a resistance element,, the advantage of the liquid crystal display device is greatly reduced by it. Incidentally, what is additionally connected to the liquid crystal driving IC is not limited to the resistance element and there is a case that a peripheral circuit including a resistance element, a capacitor and the like is disposed to the liquid crystal driving IC to assist the operation thereof. The capacitor is provided because of the following two reasons. (1) Voltages imposed on respective liquid crystals corresponding to respective pixels in a liquid crystal panel appear on the output terminals of a liquid crystal driving IC. In the ordinary liquid crystal display devices, in order to impose desired voltages on only the liquid crystals of desired pixels and not to impose a voltage on the liquid crystals of the pixels disposed around the above pixels, it is insufficient only to impose a single pulse voltage on a scanning electrode and a signal electrode, and multi-stage pulse voltages must be properly superimposed and imposed thereon. To impose the multi-stage pulse voltages on the respective pixels as described above, the multi-stage pulse voltages must be individually output to the output terminals of the liquid crystal driving IC. In this case, if the respective pulse voltages are unstable, there is a possibility that noise arises and the quality of display of the liquid crystal display device is adversely affected by the noise. To solve this problem, capacitors are connected in parallel between respective voltage levels from which the multi-stage pulse voltage outputs are originated. (2) An general liquid crystal driving IC needs V DD = +3V to drive a logic system circuit and V SS = GND for grounding and further V LCD = -6V to drive a liquid crystal display device. Depending upon a type of the liquid crystal driving IC, there is a liquid crystal driving IC provided with three input terminals separately for the three potentials or a liquid crystal driving IC of a system which is provided with only input terminals corresponding to V SS = GND and V DD = +3V and creates V LCD = -6V in the interior thereof. When the liquid crystal driving IC of the system for creating V CLD from V SS and V DD is used, a voltage increasing circuit including a capacitor must be additionally provided as a peripheral circuit around the liquid crystal driving IC. Conventionally, when a peripheral circuit including a resistance element and a capacitor is additionally provided with a liquid crystal driving IC, the FPC or a transit PBC is connected to a liquid crystal panel and the peripheral circuit is mounted on the transit PCB or the like. Further, Japanese Laid-open No. 8-43845 and Japanese Laid-Open No. 8-43846 disclose a technology for directly mounting a capacitor on a substrate of a liquid crystal display device. However, when the peripheral circuit is mounted on the transit PCB or the like, the area of the transit PCB or the like must be increased accordingly and further a large space must be prepared. Thus, there is a problem that the overall dimension of the liquid crystal display device is increased. In addition, a job for assembling the peripheral circuit on the transit PCB or the like is troublesome. Further, when the peripheral circuit is directly mounted on the substrate of the liquid crystal display device as disclosed in Japanese Laid-open No. 8-43845 and the like, since the area of the projecting portion of the substrate must be increased accordingly, there is also a problem that the overall dimension of the liquid crystal display device is increased. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems arisen when a resistance element is additionally connected to a liquid crystal driving IC and also the above problem arisen when a peripheral circuit including a capacitor and the like is additionally connected to a liquid crystal driving IC. It is the object of the present invention to maintain a small overall dimension of a liquid crystal display device even if a resistance element is additionally connected to a liquid crystal driving IC or even if a peripheral circuit including a capacitor and the like is additionally connected to the liquid cryscal driving IC. JP 05173165A and JP 02111920A disclose liquid crystal devices in which the resistance of each display electrode or of a resistor in series with each display electrode can be varied. JP 52027398A discloses a liquid crystal display device comprising a rotary switch provided on a glass substrate of the device. US 4570115 discloses a voltage regulator for a liquid crystal display having an output which compensates for the temperature characteristics of the liquid crystal elements. PF926-01, Epson SED1565 Series, Dot Matrix LCD Driver, Seiko Epson discloses a liquid crystal display driver in which an operating voltage supplied to the driver is regulated by external resistors. Morris JR; "Interconnection and Assembly of LCDs"; AMCLDs '95; Second International Workshop on Bethlehem, PA, USA; 25-26 Sept 1995; New York, NY, USA; IEEE, US and Matsui K et al; "Resin and Flexible Metal Bumps for Chip-on-Glass Technology"; Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 1993; Proceedings, 43rd Orlando, FL, USA; 1-4 June 1993; New York, NY, USA, IEEE both disclose the mounting of a liquid crystal driver on the glass substrate of a liquid crystal display device. JP 07270751 discloses a liquid crystal display device. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device as set forth in attached claim 1. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device as set forth in attached claim 4. Even if a voltage supplied from host equipment to the liquid crystal display device is fixed to a given value, a voltage imposed on the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display device can be adjusted to a prescribed value which is suitable to operate the liquid crystal with optimum contrast by adjusting the resistance value of the resistance element disposed on the substrate. Further, since the resistance element is directly mounted on the substrate, an FPC or a transit PCB need not be used, whereby an increase of the overall dimension of the liquid crystal display device can be avoided. The liquid crystal display device is realized in various types such as a TAB system, a COG system and the like. The liquid crystal display device of the TAB system is such that a liquid crystal driving IC is mounted on a film carrier tape using a TAB (Tape Automated bonding) technology and the film carrier tape is conductively connected to a liquid crystal panel using a connecting material such as an ACF (anisotropic conductive tape) or the like. On the other hand, the liquid crystal display device of the COG system is such that the liquid crystal driving IC is directly mounted on at least one of a pair of light transmitting substrates having a liquid crystal disposed therebetween. Since the liquid crystal display device of the COG system has the liquid crystal driving IC directly mounted on the light transmitting substrate of the liquid crystal panel, it basically has an advantage that a large FPC or the like need not be attached to the outside of the liquid crystal panel. Therefore, the direct formation of the resistance element on the substrate in the liquid crystal display device of the COG system agrees with a target of the COG system which intends to form the overall dimension of a liquid crystal display device as small as possible because an accessory such as the film carrier tape need not be willingly prepared. The "resistance element having an adjustable resistance value" is not limited to a resistance element having a specific structure and, for example, a resistor capable of changing a resistance value by moving a slide contact between a plurality of fixed contacts, that is, a so-called potentiometer can be used. In addition, since electrodes are generally formed on substrates by ITO (indium tin oxide), the resistance element can be also formed by the same ITO. In this case, the ITO as the resistance element is previously set to a low resistance value and a proper portion thereof is partially removed as desired to thereby obtain a desired resistance value. The removal of the resistance element can be achieved by, for example, irradiating a laser beam to the resistance element. Since the simultaneous formation of the resistance element with the electrodes omits a process dedicated for the formation of the resistance element, a manufacturing cost can be suppressed to a low level. Since an additional element such as the FPC or the like is not necessary when the resistance element is additionally connected, the overall dimension of the liquid crystal display device can be reduced. Since the peripheral circuit is formed to the region sandwiched between the pair of substrates making effective use of the region and the peripheral circuit is not formed en the projecting portion of the substrate, the area of the substrate can be made as small as possible. Further, an additional element such as the transit PCB or like is not necessary to assemble the peripheral circuit. As a result, the liquid crystal display device can be reduced in size. Since the peripheral circuit is formed simultaneously with a liquid crystal panel in a process for manufacturing the liquid crystal panel, a process for assembling the peripheral circuit need not be separately executed after the completion of the liquid crystal panel, whereby a manufacturing cost can be reduced. In an ordinary liquid crystal display device manufacturing process, a seal material is annularly formed to any one of a pair of substrates and one of the substrates is put on and bonded to the other substrate through the seal material. Since the thus formed liquid crystal display device has liquid crystal sealed into the inside region thereof surrounded by the seal member, it is preferable to dispose the peripheral circuit to a region outside of the seal material. With this arrangement, the liquid crystal is prevented from entering onto the peripheral circuit, whereby the stability of the peripheral circuit can be maintained. In the aforesaid liquid crystal display device, the peripheral circuit can be surrounded by a second seal material. With this arrangement, the peripheral circuit can be prevented from being scratched by the bending of the substrate at a portion confronting the peripheral circuit. The liquid crystal display device is embodied in the various types such as the TAB (Tape Automated bonding) system, the COG (chip on glass) system and the like as described above. The liquid crystal display device of the TAB system is such that a liquid crystal driving IC is mounted on a film carrier tape using the TAB technology and the film carrier tape is conductively connected to a liquid crystal panel using the connecting material such as the ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) and the like. On the other hand, the liquid crystal display device of the COG system is such that a liquid crystal driving IC is directly mounted on at least one of a pair of light transmitting substrates having a liquid crystal disposed therebetween. When the peripheral circuit is formed between the pair of substrates as disclosed in the present invention, the area of the projecting portion of the substrate is not unnecessarily increased and further an additional element such as the transit PCB or the like need not be used, whereby a particular advantage can be obtained. The peripheral circuit may be arranged as a circuit including a resistance element and/or a capacitor. The type of the peripheral circuit is not limited to a special type so long as the peripheral circuit can be formed on the substrate. When the resistance element is used as the peripheral circuit, the resistance element can be formed by a carbon printed resistor. When the capacitor is used as the peripheral circuit, a voltage output from the liquid crystal driving IC can be stabilized and the occurrence of noise can be prevented. Further, a voltage having a new voltage value can be generated by increasing an external voltage imposed on the liquid crystal driving IC. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a comparative example of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state after the comparative example shown in FIG. 1 is assembled. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another comparative example of the liquid crystal display device . FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing still another comparative example of the liquid crystal display device and, in particular, a main portion thereof. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a main portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in an enlarged fashion. FIG. 7 is a view showing an equivalent circuit when the structure shown in FIG. 6 is electrically shown. FIG. 8 is a view of an example showing how a voltage is changed when the equivalent circuit of FIG. 7 is used. FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view showing a still further comparative example of the liquid crystal display device . FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state after the comparative example shown in FIG. 9 is assembled. FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of electronic equipment according to the present invention. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an electric control system used to the electronic equipment of FIG. 11. BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a comparative example of a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device of a passive matrix system in which an active element is not used and further a liquid crystal display device of a COG system in which a liquid crystal driving IC is directly mounted on a substrate. The liquid crystal display device includes a transparent substrate 1a as a light transmitting substrate and another transparent substrate 1b which is paired with the transparent substrate 1a. These transparent substrates are formed of glass, plastic or the like. Stripe-shaped electrodes 2a and pattern electrodes 3a having special shapes are formed on the surface of one of the transparent substrates 1a by ITO (indium tin oxide). Further, stripe-shaped electrodes 2b and pattern electrodes 3b are formed on the surface of the confronting substrate 1b by ITO likewise. A region A on which a liquid crystal driving IC 4 is mounted is formed to the objecting portion of one of the transparent substrates 1a and the plurality of electrodes 2a and 3a of the transparent substrate 1a directly extend up to the region A, respectively. On the other hand, the plurality of the electrodes 2b and 3b of the transparent substrate 1b extend up to the IC mounting region A through upper/lower conductors 6 disposed to the transparent substrate 1a, respectively. External connecting terminals 7 are formed to the input terminals of the IC mounting region A by ITO to make conduction between them and an external circuit. Further, a resistance pattern 8 is formed by ITO to a position corresponding to the resistor connecting terminal of the liquid crystal driving IC 4. The resistance pattern 8 as an electric circuit lowers external voltages supplied from the external connecting terminals 7 in accordance with its resistance value and imposes the lowered voltages on the liquid crystal driving IC 4 as operation voltages. The external connecting terminals 7 and the resistance pattern 8 are formed simultaneously with the formation of the electrodes 2a, 3a on the transparent substrate 1a. When the stripe-shaped electrodes 2a, the pattern-shaped electrodes 3a, the external connecting terminals 7 and the resistance pattern 8 are formed on one of the transparent substrates 1a and further the stripe-shaped electrodes 2b and the pattern-shaped electrodes 3b are formed on the other transparent substrate 1b, alignment films are further formed thereon and the respective transparent substrates are subjected to alignment processing, for example, lapping processing. Thereafter, a seal material 9 is annularly formed on any one of the transparent substrates, for example, the transparent substrate 1a by screen printing and further spacers such as beads or the like are dispersed on the transparent substrate 1a. Then, the pair of transparent substrates 1a, 1b are superposed on each other in such a manner that the stripe-shaped electrodes 2a are perpendicular to the stripe-shaped electrodes 3a and the transparent substrates 1a, 1b are jointed to each other by the seal material 9. Subsequently, liquid crystal is charged into a space formed between the transparent substrate 1a and the transparent substrate 1b, that is, a so-called cell gap. Further, the liquid crystal driving IC 4 is bonded to the IC mounting position A of the transparent substrate 1a using an ACF (anisotropic conductive film) 11 to thereby conductively connect the bumps of the liquid crystal driving IC 4 to corresponding electrode terminals. With above arrangement, a liquid crystal panel on which the liquid crystal driving IC 4 is mounted is formed. When external voltages each having a prescribed value are imposed on the external connecting terminals 7 and an output voltage obtained at the output terminal of the liquid crystal driving IC 4 is out of a prescribed voltage value set to the liquid crystal, any one of the resistance branches 8a of the resistance pattern 8 is cut off by a laser beam irradiated thereto to thereby adjust the voltage imposed on the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal panel to a value proper to the liquid crystal. Since a plurality of the resistance branches 8a are disposed in parallel with each other positionally and in series to each other electrically, one or a plurality of them are cut off as necessary. Thereafter, polarizers are bonded to the outside surfaces of the transparent substrates 1a, 1b to thereby complete a liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 2. In the liquid crystal display device, a back light unit is attached externally of the transparent substrate 1a or the transparent substrate 1b when necessary. In the liquid crystal display device of the comparative example, since a resistance element added to the outside of the liquid crystal driving IC 4 is not indirectly connected to the liquid crystal panel through an FPC or the like but it is directly formed on the transparent substrate 1a of the liquid crystal panel, the overall dimension of the liquid crystal display device is not uselessly increased. FIG. 3 shows another comparative example of the liquid crystal display device. The comparative example is different from the previous comparative example shown in FIG. 2 in that a potentiometer 13 is used in place of the ITO resistance pattern 8 as a resistance element disposed on a transparent substrate 1a. As known well, the potentiometer 13 is a resistance element capable of changing a resistance value between terminals by moving a slide contact between a plurality of fixed terminals by rotating a knob 14. In the comparative example, the potentiometer 13 is conductively connected to an electrode terminal on the transparent substrate 1a by soldering or other conductively connecting processing. Although, in the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 2, the resistance value is adjusted by partly removing the resistance pattern 8 by the irradiation of the laser beam, the resistance value in the comparative example can be adjusted by rotating the knob 14 of the potentiometer 13 only a suitable angle. Since the potentiometer 13 is directly mounted on the transparent substrate 1a of a liquid crystal panel also in the embodiment, an indirect part such as an FPC or the like need not be used, whereby the overall dimension of the liquid crystal display device is not uselessly increased. (Third Embodiment) FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing still another comparative example of the liquid crystal display device and, in particular, a main portion thereof. In the comparative example, a resistance element is disposed on a transparent substrate 1a by a resistance pattern 18 formed by ITO likewise the comparative example shown in FIG. 2. However, the resistance pattern 18 used in the comparative example does not have the plurality of stages of the resistance branches 8a connected to each other in series which are shown in FIG. 2 and it is formed as a uniform rectangular resistance pattern. When the resistance value of the resistance pattern 18 is changed, the resistance pattern is partly removed by partly irradiating a laser beam to the uniform rectangular resistance pattern as shown by a broken line B. According to the comparative example shown in FIG. 4, the resistance value of the resistance pattern 18 can be changed steplessly, although the resistance value of the resistance pattern 8 in the comparative example shown in FIG. 2 is changed only stepwise. (Embodiment) FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. The embodiment is arranged similarly to the previous comparative example shown in FIG. 1 in that a transparent substrate 1a is jointed to a transparent substrate 1b by a seal material 9, polarizers 12 are bonded to the outside surfaces of the transparent substrates 1a, 1b, a liquid crystal driving IC 4 is mounted on the projecting portion of the transparent substrate 1a, an external connecting terminal 7 is formed to a side end of the transparent substrate 1a and a resistance pattern 28 is formed to the projecting portion of the transparent substrate 1a. The embodiment is different from the comparative example shown in FIG. 1 in that the resistance pattern 28 is modified, which will be specifically described below. As shown in FIG. 6, the resistance pattern 28 includes five resistance branches 28a - 28e which are composed of the same material as that of the electrodes 2a, 3a (see FIG. 1) and formed simultaneously with them. The resistance branch 28c is connected to the ground level of the liquid crystal driving IC 4, further the resistance branch 28c is connected to the resistance branch 28a through a narrow communication pattern S1, the ground resistance branch 28c is connected to the resistance branch 28b through a narrow communication pattern S2, the ground resistance branch 28c is connected to the resistance branch 28d through a narrow communication pattern S3 and the ground resistance branch 28c is connected to the resistance branch 28e through a narrow communication pattern S4. The respective communication patterns S1 - S4 act as switching elements for intermittently connecting the ground resistance branch 28c to the respective resistance branches 28a, 28b, 28d and 28e. FIG. 7 shows them in an electrical circuit. When the liquid crystal display device is initially manufactured, since the respective communication patterns S1 - S4 connect the resistance branches 28a - 28e to each other, the respective communication patterns S1 - S4 are turned on. Since the respective resistance branches 28a - 28e are connected to a resistor disposed in the liquid crystal driving IC 4, when any one of the communication patterns S1 - S4 or a plurality of them combined suitably are selected and cut off, a suitable one or ones of the switches S1 - S4 in FIG. 7 can be turned off. The communication patterns S1 - S4 can be cut off by the irradiation of, for example, a laser beam. When a suitable one or ones of the communication patterns S1 - S4 are selected and cut off, that is, when they are turned off, an operation voltage imposed on the liquid crystal driving IC 4 can be changed to a desired voltage value. For example, an operation voltage V op can be changed to four stages of +2%, +1%, -1% and -2% as shown in FIG. 8. That is, the embodiment does not change the respective resistance branches 28a - 28e so that they have target resistance values, but uses them as the switching elements and changes resistance values by controlling ON and OFF of the switching elements of them. FIG. 9 shows a still further comparative example of the liquid crystal display device. In the comparative example, the same numerals as used in the comparative example shown in FIG. 1 are used to denote the same parts and the description of the parts is omitted when they were described previously. In the comparative example, external connecting terminals 7 are formed on the input terminal side of an IC mounting region A by ITO to make electrical communication with an external circuit. Further, resistance elements, for example, carbon printed resistors 40 are formed to the extreme ends of an ITO patterns 38 extending from a position corresponding to the resistor connecting terminal of a liquid crystal driving IC 4. The resistors 40 operates, as an electro-circuit, to impose external voltages supplied from the external connecting terminals 7 on the liquid crystal driving IC 4 as operating voltages after dropping the external voltages in accordance with the resistance values thereof. The external connecting terminals 7 and the ITO patterns 38 are formed simultaneously with the formation of electrodes 2a, 3a on a transparent substrate 1a. The printed resistors 40 are formed at a suitable timing after or before the ITO patterns 38 are formed. When the stripe-shaped electrodes 2a, the pattern-shaped electrodes 3a, the external connecting terminals 7, the ITO pattern 38 and the resistors 40 are formed on one of transparent substrates 1a and further stripe-shaped electrodes 2b and pattern-shaped electrodes 3b are formed on another transparent substrate 1b, alignment films are further formed on the transparent substrates and the respective transparent substrates are subjected to alignment processing, for example, lapping processing. Thereafter, a seal material 9 is annularly formed on one of the transparent substrates, for example, the transparent substrate 1a by screen printing in such a manner that the region where the resistors 40 are formed is located externally of the annular seal material 9 and further the periphery of the resistors 40 is surrounded by a second seal material 9a. Subsequently, spacers such as beads or the like are dispersed on the transparent substrate 1a and then the pair of transparent substrates 1a, 1b are superposed on each other so that the stripe-shaped electrodes 2a are perpendicular to the stripe-shaped electrodes 2b and they are jointed to each other by the seal material 9 and the second seal material 9a. Subsequently, liquid crystal is charged into a space formed between the transparent substrate 1a and the transparent substrate 1b, that is, to a so-called cell gap. At the time, the liquid crystal is not charged into the cell partitioned by the second seal material 9a which surrounds the resistors 40, although the liquid crystal is sealed in the inside region of the seal material 9. Next, the liquid crystal driving IC 4 is bonded to the IC mounting region A of the transparent substrate 1a using an ACF 11 to thereby conductively connect the respective bumps of the liquid crystal driving IC 4 to corresponding electrode terminals on the transparent substrate 1a. With above arrangement, a liquid crystal panel on which the liquid crystal driving IC 4 is mounted is formed and further a liquid crystal display device 35 as shown in FIG. 10 is completed by bonding polarizers to the outside surfaces of the transparent substrates 1a, 1b. In the liquid crystal display device 35, a back light unit is attached externally of the transparent substrate 1a or the transparent substrate 1b when necessary. In the liquid crystal display device 35 of the subject embodiment, since a voltage dividing circuit including the resistors 40 is provided as the peripheral circuit of the liquid crystal driving IC 4, even if an external voltage, which is supplied from external equipment, for example, a portable telephone, through the external connecting terminals 7, is fixed to a given value, the external voltage can be changed by the resistors 40. Therefore, proper operation voltages can be supplied to the liquid crystal driving IC 4 at all times, whereby proper switching voltages can be imposed on the respective pixel liquid crystals in the liquid crystal display device. Moreover, in the subject comparative example, since the peripheral circuit including the resistors 40 is disposed to the main body portion of the liquid crystal panel, that is, to a portion sandwiched between the pair of transparent substrates 1a, 1b, instead of being disposed on the projecting portion of the transparent substrate 1a, the size of the projecting portion of the transparent substrate 1a need not be increased. Further, it is not necessary to employ such a large and troublesome structure that a transit PCB is connected to the external connecting terminal 7 of the liquid crystal panel and resistance elements are assembled on the transit PCB. As a result, the overall dimension of the embodiment can be greatly reduced regardless of the fact that the peripheral circuit is included in the liquid crystal display device. The voltage dividing circuit using the printed resistors 40 as the peripheral circuit is contemplated in the comparative example of FIG. 9. However, a peripheral circuit applicable thereto may include any arbitrary electronic elements other than the resistance elements, for example, capacitors. The employment of the peripheral circuit including the capacitors can stabilize the voltage output from the liquid crystal driving IC and generate a voltage having other value at internal of the liquid crystal driving IC, by utilizing a voltage input to the input terminal of the liquid crystal driving IC. To form the capacitors in a narrow gap formed between the pair of transparent substrates, the electrodes of the confronting substrates can be connected to each other by upper/lower conductors likewise the stripe-shaped electrodes for driving the liquid crystal, although a dielectric may be or may not be sandwiched between confronting ITOs. FIG. 11 shows an embodiment when the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is used as a display unit of a portable telephone as electronic equipment. The portable telephone shown here comprises an upper case 26 and a lower case 27. The upper case 26 includes a transmitting/receiving antenna 30, a keyboard unit 29 and a microphone 32. The lower case 27 includes a liquid crystal display device 35 shown in, for example, FIG. 10, a speaker 33 and a circuit board 34. As shown in FIG. 12, there are disposed on the circuit board 34 a receiving unit 31 connected to the input terminal of the speaker 33, a transmitting unit 37 connected to the output terminal of the microphone 32, a controller 36 composed of a CPU and the like and a power supply 39 for supplying power to the respective units. The controller 36 reads the states of the transmitting unit 37 and the receiving unit 31 and supplies information to a liquid crystal driving IC 4 based on the read result to thereby display visible information on the effective display region of the liquid crystal display device 35. Further, the controller 36 supplies information to the liquid crystal driving IC 4 based on the information output from the keyboard unit 29 to thereby display a visible information on the effective display region of the liquid crystal display device 35. (Other Embodiments) While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferable embodiments, it is by no means limited thereto and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the invention disclosed in the annexed claims. For example, as to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the present invention is also applicable to a liquid crystal display device of any arbitrary system, for example, a liquid crystal display device of a TAB system in addition to the liquid crystal display device of the COG system shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. Although the respective embodiments employ the light transmitting (transparent) substrate, the substrate may be not transparent. Further, the present invention is also applicable to a liquid crystal display device of an active matrix type when necessary. As to the electronic equipment of the present invention, although the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 exemplifies a case that the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is applied to the visible image display unit of the portable telephone, it is needless to say that the present invention is applicable to any arbitrary electronic equipment other than the portable telephone, for example, a finder of a video camera and the like. Industrial Applicability The liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be preferably used as a visible image display unit of electronic equipment such as a portable telephone, a video camera and the like. The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can be preferably used to manufacture a liquid crystal display device of this type having a small overall dimension. Further, the electronic equipment according to the present invention is effective as various types of electronic equipment provided with a display unit for displaying visible images such as characters, numerals, pictures and the like.

Claims: A liquid crystal display device for displaying a visible image by controlling an alignment of a liquid crystal disposed between a pair of substrates (1a, 1b) by applying a drive voltage to the liquid crystal through at least one electrode formed of indium tin oxide comprising: a driving integrated circuit (4) mounted on one of the pair of substrates, the driving integrated circuit operable to supply the drive voltage to the at least one electrode; external connecting terminals (7) formed beside the driving integrated circuit on the one of the pair of substrates to electrically connect with the driving integrated circuit; and a resistance element (28) formed to a prescribed pattern and electrically connected to the driving integrated circuit, disposed on the one of the pair of substrates beside the external connecting terminals and arranged along an edge of the one of the pair of substrates, the resistance element having a plurality of resistance branches, each connected with one end to a terminal of the driving integrated circuit, wherein one (28c) of the plurality of resistance branches is connected to a ground level of the driving integrated circuit, and connected with the other end to the other ends of other resistance branches through narrow communication patterns, wherein a resistance value of the resistance element is set by selectively cutting off any one or more of the communication patterns, and an input voltage for operating the driving integrated circuit is capable of being varied depending on the resistance value of the resistance element and the drive voltage is capable of being varied depending on the value of the input voltage. A liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the resistance element is formed of indium tin oxide. An electronic equipment including a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a power supply for supplying power to the liquid crystal display device and a controller for controlling the operation of the liquid crystal display device. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device for displaying a visible image by controlling an alignment of a liquid crystal disposed between a pair of substrates (1a, 1b) by applying a drive voltage to the liquid crystal through at least one electrode formed of indium tin oxide, wherein the method is comprised of: mounting a driving integrated circuit (4) on one of the pair of substrates, the driving integrated circuit operable to supply the drive voltage to the at least one electrode; providing external connecting terminals (7) formed beside the driving integrated circuit on the one of the pair of substrates to electrically connect with the driving integrated circuit; providing a resistance element (28) formed to a prescribed pattern and electrically connected to the driving integrated circuit on the one of the pair of substrates beside the external connecting terminals and arranged along an edge of the one of the pair of substrates, the resistance element having a plurality of resistance branches, each connected with one end to a terminal of the driving integrated circuit, wherein one (28c) of the plurality of resistance branches is connected to a ground level of the driving integrated circuit, and connected with the other end to the other ends of other resistance branches through narrow communication patterns; and adjusting a resistance value of the resistance element by selectively cutting off any one or more of the communication patterns, wherein an input voltage for operating the driving integrated circuit is varied depending on the resistance value of the resistance element and the drive voltage is varied depending on the value of the input voltage.

Inventors: IKEGAMI MINORU, MURAMATSU EIJI, YAMADA SHIGETOSHI, IKEGAMI, MINORU, MURAMATSU, EIJI, YAMADA, SHIGETOSHI, MURAMATSU, EIJI-SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION
Applicants: SEIKO EPSON CORP, SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION
Application year: 1998
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: G02F1