Method and apparatus for sludge reduction in a waste water treatment system

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating organic waste water capable of deodorizing an exhaust gas diffused into an atmosphere is provided, wherein loss of heat energy is small and the amount of an organic or inorganic nitrogen compound in an effluent from the apparatus is low. In the method of the present invention, organic waste water is nitrified in a nitrification device 8, denitrified in a denitrification device 9, and subjected to an aerobic biological treatment in a aeration tank 10, and then the treated mixture is solid-liquid separated in a solid-liquid separation device 3. A portion of an excess sludge separated in the solid-liquid separation device 3 is solubilized at a high temperature in a solubilization device 6 and the solution after a solubilization treatment is returned to the denitrification device 9 and a gas exhausted from the solubilization device 6 is charged into the nitrification device 8.

Description: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating organic wastes comprising organic solids by means of biological digestion. More specifically, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste water comprising organic waste sludge which includes, for example, organic sludge containing raw sludge and biological sludge discharged from a sewage treatment plant, a night soil treatment plant or the like, and organic sludge discharged from a waste water treatment process in a food factory, a chemical factory or the like. As a method for treating organic wastes as mentioned above, there has hitherto been used methods for biologically digesting organic components in organic sludge by means of aerobic or anaerobic microbial decomposition such as aerobic digestion methods, anaerobic methane fermentation methods or the like to convert organic matter into a gas composition such as carbon dioxide gas, methane gas or the like. Thereafter, the resulting excess sludge containing microbial biomass which predominantly comprises microbial cells, and the sludge comprising untreated residual sludge, which has been generated by the biological digestion of the organic waste water, are suitably treated by means of solid-liquid separation in a precipitation tank. while the resulting liquid portion from the separation is suitably processed, the excess sludge portion is disposed of in the sea or in land-fill sites. However, disposing of such excess sludge in the sea would lead to environmental disruption. Therefore, disposing of excess sludge has almost been prohibited because global atmospheric protection has recently been advocated. Furthermore, in case of land-fill, it has become increasingly difficult to secure suitable sites year after year. In view of such circumstances, the applicant has filed a patent application relating to a method and an apparatus for treating an activated sludge, as shown in Figure 3, "comprising subjecting an organic waste water delivered from an organic waste water reservoir 1 to an aeration tank 2 for aerobic biological treatment; solid-liquid separating thus treated mixture into a supernatant and a sludge in a solid-liquid separation device 3; returning a portion of the sludge separated in the solid-liquid separation device 3 to the aeration tank 2 through a recycle route 4; heat-exchanging the excess sludge obtained by the separation in the solid-liquid separation device 3 using a heat exchanger; solubilizing at a high temperature in a solubilization device 6; and returning the solution to the aeration tank 2 through a return route 7" (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 7-163355). This patent application discloses an invention directed to a method and an apparatus for treating activated sludge, capable of drastically reducing the quantity of the excess sludge produced. However, the method described in the above publication could be disadvantageous because the temperature in the solubilization device 6 ranges from 60 to 70°C and the top of the solubilization device 6 is open. Therefore, the retained potential heat in the solubilization device 6 may be taken off with the exhaust gas diffused in the atmosphere, thus energy loss can be large. Furthermore, the odour of the exhaust gas containing nitrogen compounds, due to the several proteins usually contained in the sludge, discharged from the solubilization device 6 can be problematic. In addition, it is also disadvantageous that a portion of the nitrogen compounds contained in the solution returned from the solubilization device 6 to the aeration tank 2 is discharged to the outside together with the supernatant discharged from the solid-liquid separation device 3. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste water, capable of deodorizing an exhaust gas diffused into an atmosphere, wherein the loss of heat energy is small and organic or inorganic matter containing nitrogen in the treated liquid to be discharged outside can be diminished. In order to attain the object mentioned above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus wherein organic sludge is biologically treated, characterized in that a gas (gas predominantly containing NH 3 gas) discharged from a solubilization device is introduced into a nitrification device to convert NH 3 into NO 2 - or NO 3 - and to further convert the thus obtained NO 2 - or NO 3 - into N 2 in a denitrification device, thereby reducing the quantity of the nitrogen-containing component in the effluent to be discharged out of the treating system. Therefore, heat of the gas exhausted trom the solubilization device is effectively utilized for the nitrification in the nitrification device, and it is possible to deodorize the exhaust gas diffused into the atmosphere. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the apparatus for treating organic waste water of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the apparatus for treating organic waste water of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for treating organic waste water according to the prior art. As the first aspect of the present invention, a method for biologically treating organic waste water is provided, which comprises solubilizing organic solids at a high temperature in a solubilization device; charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device into a nitrification device to nitrify the ammonium in the gas; and returning a portion or all of the solution from the solubilization device into a denitrification device as a substrate for denitrifier. The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic waste water, which comprises nitrifying the ammonium in the waste water in a nitrification device; introducing the nitrified effluent into a denitrification device to denitrify the nitrified product; subjecting the liquid after denitrification to aerobic biological treatment in an aeration tank; solid-liquid separating this mixture after the biological treatment into a supernatant and a sediment sludge in a solid-liquid separation device; returning a portion of this sediment sludge to the nitrification device; solubilizing an excess sludge portion separated by the solid-liquid separation device at a high temperature in a solubilization device and returning the solution after the solubilization treatment to the denitrification device as a substrate for denitrifier; charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device into the nitrification device to nitrify the ammonium in the gas. The third aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic waste water, which comprises denitrifying organic waste water in a denitrification device; introducing the denitrified effluent into a nitrification device to nitrify the ammonium in the denitrified effluent and returning a portion of the nitrified mixture in the nitrification device into the denitrification device to denitrify the nitrified product while solid-liquid separating the residue of the nitrified mixture into a supernatant and a sediment sludge in a solid-liquid separation device; returning a portion of this separated sludge into the denitrification device; solubilizing an excess sludge portion separated in the solid-liquid separation device at a high temperature in a solubilization device; returning the solution after the solubilization treatment into the denitrification device as a substrate for denitrifier; and charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device into the nitrification device to nitrify the ammonium in the gas. The forth aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic waste water of any of the above invention, wherein the solubilization treatment in the solubilization device is performed in a closed reactor. The fifth aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for treating organic waste water, comprising a solubilization device for solubilizing organic solids at a high temperature and a nitrification device as a pre- or post-treatment device of a denitrification device, with a return route for returning a portion or all of the solution from the solubilization device to the denitrification device and a passage route for charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device to the nitrification device. The sixth aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for treating organic waste water, comprising a nitrification device, denitrification device, an aeration tank, a solid-liquid separation device and a solubilization device, which are arranged in this order to be connected with each other, with a recycle route for returning a portion of a sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device to the nitrification device, a return route for returning the solution from the solubilization device to the denitrification device and a passage route for charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device to the nitrification device. The seventh aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for treating organic waste water, comprising a denitrification device, a nitrification device, a solid-liquid separation device and a solubilization device, which are arranged in this order to be connected with each other, with a return route for returning a portion of the nitrified liquid from the nitrification device to the denitrification device, a recycle route for returning a portion of a sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation to the denitrification device, a return route for returning the solution from the solubilization device to the denitrification device and a passage route for charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device to the nitrification device. Further aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus as above mentioned for treating organic waste water, wherein the solubilization device is a closed reactor. According the above first aspect of the present invention, the NH 4 + component in the organic waste water is converted into NO 2 - or NO 3 - by a nitrifier in a nitrification device, and NO 2 - or NO 3 - is then converted into N 2 by a denitrifier with hydrogen donor in the denitrification device. A portion or all of the treated solution solubilized by thermophilic microorganisms in the solubilization device is then returned to the denitrification device and subjected to the identical denitrification treatment as described above. While the solubilization proceeds, a gas exhausted from the solubilization device is charged into the nitrification device and subjected to the identical nitrification treatment as described above. Thus, a treated liquid containing almost no nitrogen compounds is discharged out of the solid-liquid separation device. Furthermore, since the gas exhausted from the solubilization device is diffused into the atmosphere after being introduced into the nitrification device, the amount of carrying over of heat from the solubilization device is low. Additionally, the odour of the gas diffused into the atmosphere is drastically eliminated. In case that an amount of the organic matter which is contained in the raw waste water is not so large, a method wherein the denitrification is carried out after nitrification is preferred, in accordance with the second aspect of the invention. However, when the amount of the organic matter which is contained in raw waste water is large, microorganisms which can decompose the organic compounds are increased during the treatment, thus the nitrification by nitrifier is inhibited. Therefore, a method wherein removing the organic matter contained in the raw waste water in the denitrification device is carried out first, and then nitrification is conducted using a nitrifier in the nitrification device is preferred in accordance with the third aspect of the invention. In this case, the treated solution after the nitrification treatment is returned to the denitrification device, thus the treated liquid containing almost no nitrogen compounds can be discharged outside from the solid-liquid separation device. Moreover, when the solubilization treatment in the solubilization device is performed in a closed reactor, energy loss can be remarkably reduced because heat in the solubilization device is not diffused into the atmosphere. Examples While examples of the present invention are described below, the scope of the present invention should not be restricted thereto. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the apparatus for treating organic waste water of the present invention. The identical reference number is assigned to the same portion as that of Fig. 3. In this first example, a nitrification device 8, a denitrification device 9 and an aeration tank 10 are arranged in this order between an organic waste water reservoir 1 and a solid-liquid separation device 3. A portion of the sludge separated in the solid-liquid separation device 3 is returned to the nitrification device 8 through a recycle route 4, while the solution from the solubilization device 6 is returned to the denitrification device 9 through a return route 7. Furthermore, air charged into the solubilization device 6 through a route 11 is charged into the nitrification device 8 through a passage route 12. Furthermore, the solubilization device in this apparatus is closed. The organic waste water was actually treated using an apparatus in accordance with this first example as constituted above, and also a conventional apparatus for treating an organic waste water according to the prior art shown in Fig. 3. The results are described below. The nitrification device 8, the denitrification device 9 and the aeration tank 10 of the present invention were a 15 liter, 20 liter and 5 liter square-shaped vessels made of transparent polyvinyl chloride resin, respectively, and the solubilization device 6 was a 2 liter cylindrical container made of glass. On the other hand, the aeration tank 2 of the apparatus according to the prior art was a 40 liter square-shaped vessel made of transparent polyvinyl chloride resin and the solubilization device 6 was identical to that of the present invention described above. When the example according to the present invention was carried out, all of the solution from the solubilization device 6 was returned to the denitrification device 9, and the gas exhausted from the solubilization device 6 was introduced into the nitrification device 8. On the other hand, in the treatment apparatus according to the prior art, the solution from the solubilization device 6 was returned to the aeration tank 2, while the gas exhausted from the solubilization device 6 was diffused into the atmosphere and subjected to exhaust gas treatment in an additional step. Further, the temperature in the solubilization device 6 was maintained at about 65°C by a heater (not shown in the Figures). The residence time of the liquid in the solubilization device 6 was 2.2 days and total residence time in the whole apparatus was 8 days. Changes in the amount of total organic carbon (TOC) and that in the total amount of nitrogen (T-N) are respectively shown in Table 1 below. Raw waste water Prior art Present invention TOC (mg/l 930 75 54 T-N (mg/l) 110 87 14 As shown in Table 1, according to the present invention, both of the amount of carbon and nitrogen in the treated liquid can be reduced when compared with the method which was conducted using the apparatus of the prior art. The effect of reducing the amount of nitrogen is particularly large. Additionally, the odour of the exhaust gas can also be reduced by the method of the present invention, because the gas exhausted from the solubilization device 6 is returned to the nitrification device 8. Furthermore, high temperature (50°C) of the gas exhausted from the solubilization device 6 makes it possible to augment the nitrification rate in the nitrification device 8. In addition, hydrogen donor (for example, CH 3 OH and the like) to be applied in the denitrification device 9 can be reduced because a large amount of the biodegradable organic matter is contained in the solution discharged from the solubilization device 6. Fig. 2 is schematic diagram showing another example of an apparatus for treatment of the present invention. In this example, the denitrification device 9 is provided prior to the nitrification device 8, and the aeration tank is not provided and further, a recycle route 13 from the nitrification device 8 to the denitrification device 9 is provided. When the amount of the organic matter contained in raw waste water is large, the nitrification treatment which uses nitrifier in the nitrification device 8 can be smoothly progressed, because the organic matter can be first treated in the denitrification device 9. The nitrification device and the denitrification device were separately provided in the examples shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. However, they can also be provided integrally. For example, a device comprising one tank wherein the lower portion serves as a denitrification device, and the upper portion serves as a nitrification device can be employed. Furthermore, solid-liquid separation was performed by gravity sedimentation using a precipitator, but is not limited thereto. Solid-liquid separation may also be performed by centrifugation, membrane separation or the like. Consequently, the present invention as described above can reduce a loss of heat energy, besides, a nitrification rate can be augmented, when a waste water containing an organic sludge is biologically treated. Further, the amount of the hydrogen donor to be applied in the denitrification device can also be reduced and the amount of the organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds in the effluent from the apparatus can be small. Moreover, deodorizing an exhaust gas diffused to the atmosphere can be accomplished. Although the present invention has been described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the invention, they should be construed as being included therein.

Claims: A method for biologically treating organic waste water, comprising the steps of: solubilizing organic solids at a high temperature in a solubilization device (6); charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device into a nitrification device to nitrify ammonia in the gas (12,8); and returning a portion or all of the solution from the solubilization device into a denitrification device (7,9) as a substrate for a denitrifier. A method for treating organic waste water according to claim 1 comprising the steps of: nitrifying the ammonia in the waste water in a nitrification device (8); introducing the nitrified effluent into a denitrification device to denitrify the nitrified product (9); subjecting the liquid after denitrification to an aerobic biological treatment in an aeration tank (10); solid-liquid separating this mixture after the biological treatment into a supernatant and a sediment sludge in a solid-liquid separation device (3); returning a portion of this sediment sludge to the nitrification device (4); solubilizing an excess sludge portion separated by the solid-liquid separation device at a high temperature in a solubilization device (6) and returning the solution after the solubilization treatment to the denitrification device as a substrate for a denitrifier (7,9); and charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device into the nitrification device to nitrify ammonia in the gas (12,8). A method for treating organic waste water according to claim 1 comprising the steps of: denitrifying organic waste water in a denitrification device (9); introducing the denitrified effluent into a nitrification device (8) to nitrify the ammonium in the denitrified effluent; returning a portion of the nitrified mixture in the nitrification device into the denitrification device to denitrify the nitrified product (13); solid-liquid separating the residue of the nitrified mixture into a supernatant and a sediment sludge in a solid-liquid separation device (3); returning a portion of this separated sludge into the denitrification device (4); solubilizing an excess sludge portion separated in the solid-liquid separation device at a high temperature in a solubilization device (6); returning the solution after the solubilization treatment into the denitrification device as a substrate for a denitrifier (7); and charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device into the nitrification device to nitrify ammonia in the gas (12). A method for treating organic waste water according to any one of claims 1,2 or 3, wherein the solubilization treatment in the solubilization device is performed in a closed reactor. An apparatus for treating organic waste water, comprising a solubilization device for solubilizing organic solids at a high temperature (6) and a nitrification device (8) as a pre- or post-treatment device of a denitrification device (9), with a return route (7) for returning a portion or all of the solution from the solubilization device to the denitrification device and a passage route (12) for charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device to the nitrification device. An apparatus for treating organic waste water according to claim 5, comprising a nitrification device, denitrification device, an aeration tank (10), a solid-liquid separation device (3) and a solubilization device, which are arranged in this order to be connected with each other, with a recycle route for returning a portion of a sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation device to the nitrification device (4), a return route for returning the solution from the solubilization device to the denitrification device and a passage route for charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device to the nitrification device. An apparatus for treating organic waste water according to claim 5, comprising a denitrification device, a nitrification device, a solid-liquid separation device (3) and a solubilization device, which are arranged in this order to be connected with each other, with a return route for returning a portion of the nitrified liquid from the nitrification device to the denitrification device (13), a recycle route for returning a portion of a sludge separated by the solid-liquid separation to the denitrification device (4), a return route for returning the solution from the solubilization device to the denitrification device and a passage route for charging a gas exhausted from the solubilization device to the nitrification device. An apparatus for treating organic waste water according to any one of claims 5, 6 or 7, wherein the solubilization device is a closed reactor.

Inventors: HASEGAWA SUSUMU, KATSURA KENJI, MIURA MASAHIKO, HASEGAWA, SUSUMU, KATSURA, KENJI, MIURA, MASAHIKO
Applicants: KOBELCO ECO SOLUTIONS CO LTD, KOBELCO ECO-SOLUTIONS CO., LTD.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: C02F3
IPC codes: C02F3, C02F11