ADJUSTABLE VEHICLE SEAT

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an adjustable chair for vehicles, the frame structure of which is easy to manufacture and consists of few components, but still provides adjustment in several directions. By adjustment in several directions means, for example, adjustment of the length of the chair seat as well as the height of the back of the chair. By manufacturing each frame in one piece with integrated attachments and similar, it is also possible to utilize the same frames for both manually and electrically operated chairs. The chair comprises a seat part (1) and a back part (2), which have several various possibilities for adjustment for individual and ergonomic adaptation of the chair, such as length, height, side supports (28a-b, 29a-b) and lumbar support (39), and operating means for providing adjustment of the seat and the back part and components forming part thereof, wherein the seat part and the back part are made up of one internal frame each, which consists of an edge section (3, 4) which is formed in one piece and a rear section (5, 6) which connects the edge sections, wherein the frame is provided with one or more longitudinally adjustable sections (7-9) having sinusoidal, waved or trapezoidal cross sections.

Description: Adjustable vehicle seat . TECHNICAL FIELD Car models which are sold on several different markets around the world nowadays need to be modified as regards several details, of which the chairs is one. This is due to, among other things, a varying average size, alternatively average length of the population in various countries and continents. The invention relates to a chair having several adjustment possibilities for providing a comfortable and ergonomically correct seating position. For such a chair, possibilities are required for adjustment of the seat, the back, the side supports and the lumbar support of the chair. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A chair having a seat which is adjustable in the longitudinal direction is known from the US patent 5 370 444 A, which describes a seat-cushion which is provided with channels which run across the seat between a number of sections. The channels run in the whole width of the seat and from the lower part of the cushion up to a bridge in the upper part of the cushion, which bridge connects adjacent sections. The front section of the cushion rests on a telescopically sliding plate which can be set in relation to the bottom plate of the seat. Thus, the channels between the .sections and the bridges which connect adjacent sections provide a certain adjustment of the length of the seat. Drawbacks as regards this seat include several deep transversal creases which appear in the upholstery in inserted position and an inferior support for load in the area which is situated above the channels in most other positions. From the US patent 4 773 703 A a similar device is previously known, in which the sections of the cushion have been situated on a number of individual supporting elements which are reciprocally connected to each other, and adjustable and lockable in suitable positions. In this regard, the upholstery of the seat is elastically stretched downwards in the space between each element in order not to fold when the seat is adjusted. The drawback as regards this seat is that a bottom plate having several individual elements becomes unnecessarily complicated, and that the upholstery must be stretched downwards between the sections. In the US patent US 5 419 614 A a mechanism for adjustment of the lumbar support is shown, which is in the form of an axle which rotates a cam in the back rest. The axle is fixedly mounted in a frame and has absolutely no possibility for vertical adjustment, which is a requirement for an ergonomical adaption. A side support is known from, for example, the US patent 4 883 318 A, which shows a seat where the frame has been supplemented with a device for adjustment of the side support in various angles. The drawback as regards this solution is a comparatively large number of components which are to be built together with the frame, in addition to the devices which are required for adjustment of the support. TECHNICAL PROBLEM Adjustable chairs are nowadays utilized in practically all vehicles, wherein the extent of possible adjustments is very varying and the solutions of the problem are more or less complicated. A common problem as regards chairs having several adjustment possibilities is that they generally are very complicated and consist of a large number of components, which in turn results in a higher weight. Another problem is that it is necessary for vehicle manufacturers, alternatively chair manufacturers, to manufacture and stock several different chair sizes, which is due only to the fact that it shall be possible to deliver cars, which are intended for a certain market, with a certain chair size. SOLUTION: By means of the invention, a chair has been provided, the frame structure of which is easy to manufacture and consists of few components, but still provides adjustment in several different directions. By adjustment in several directions means, for example, adjustment of the length of the chair seat as well as the height of the back of the chair. By manufacturing each frame in one single piece with integrated attachments and similar, it is also possible to utilize the same frames for both manually and electrically operated chairs. Furthermore, by means of the invention, in order to obtain an ergonomic adjustment of the chair to each individual, it is possible to adjust the side supports of the chair, for the legs as well as the back, to adjust the angle between the seat and the back, to adjust the height and the inclination of the seat, and to adjust the lumbar support. It is, for example, important that the head is situated in the right position in relation to the head rest in the event of a collision. Furthermore, in order to obtain a light chair which is ergonomically adjustable to a larger number of individuals than a standard chair of today, the invention makes it possible to integrate all the above-mentioned functions in a simplified frame made of a plastics material, since it is important to be able to obtain a comfortable and safe driving position. It is also possible to utilize the same chair on several different markets around the world, which decreases the number of chair sizes which must be manufactured and stocked. In this regard, the number of tools which is required during manufacture decreases as well as the stocking space, which results in a more effective production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a seat frame and a back frame. Fig. 2a shows a seat frame and a back frame with reinforcements. Fig. 2b shows an electrically operated seat frame. Fig. 3 shows a chair with mechanisms for adjustment of the back. Fig. 4a shows a chair with mechanisms for adjustment of side supports. Fig. 4b shows in detail the mechanism for adjustment of side supports. DETAILED DESCRIPTION According to a preferred embodiment, which is shown in Fig. 1 , two separate frame constructions 1 , 2, one for the seat-cushion and one for the back cushion, form part of a chair according to the invention. Each frame can be formed in one piece which essentially consists of an external edge section 3, 4 and a rear section 5, 6 which connects the edge sections. The edge sections are essentially situated at right angles to the rear section. The frame is preferably made of an injection moulded or cold-extruded polymer material or similar, wherein reinforcements for side collision protections, bearings, operating levers and controls, and attachments for guides, side supports, electric motors and wires can be integrated in the frame (not shown). In order to provide adjustment of the length of the seat and the height of the back rest, the frames are provided with one or more longitudinally adjustable sections 7-9 having sinusoidal cross-sections, which are elastically resilient. The cross-sections of the sections can also be waved or trapezoidal. In this first embodiment, the longitudinally adjustable sections are constituted by the external edge sections of the frame. In order to provide adjustment, the rear section must be terminated where said sections begin, alternatively be provided with an interruption corresponding to the extension of the longitudinally adjustable sections. An opening or an interruption in the rear section provides an intersection at the head rest 11 , which results in an improved view rearwards and a weight saving. The longitudinally adjustable sections can have a slightly thinner thickness of material in relation to the rest of the frame and provides adjustment in the longitudinal direction of the frame. The longitudinally adjustable part of the frame can be reinforced with an integrated or an external supporting structure (not shown), and can constitute up to a third of the total length of the frame. Of the entire adjustable part, the section with the sinusoidal, waved or trapezoidal cross- section constitutes up to two thirds of the total length of the section. A suitable adjustment area can be +/- 30 mm in relation to the unloaded position of the resilient sections. In some cases, it is relevant to reinforce the external side sections of the frame (Figs. 2a-b), since the platics per se sometimes lacks sufficient strength. Reinforcements 12, 13 may also be required for mounting of components for side collision protections 14a-b, often in the form of transversal tubes, or at a hinge 15 for chairs which are required to be foldable forwards, alternatively where it shall be possible to adjust the angle between the seat and the back. It is also possible to integrate a transversal tube for side collision protections with the hinge for the angling of the back. Suitably, the reinforcements 12, 13 of the edge sections are constituted by thin plates in a metallic material, e.g. steel or magnesium, and suitably run from a first point where the seat frame and the back frame meet to a second point before the resilient sections begin. Advantageously, the plates can be symmetrical along a longitudinal axle, so that identical plates can be used on both sides of the seat and the back, respectively. The various materials in frames and plates have completely different properties regarding strength. Therefore, it is important to provide a comparatively large area of contact between the parts in order to spread the contact pressure over the largest possible area in the event of, for example, a collision. The reinforcement plates of the seat can also be provided with two longitudinally separated toothed sections 16, 17, which are directed towards each other separately or in pairs. These toothed sections can be engaged, alternatively disengaged with, and locked in engagement with, corresponding toothed sections (not shown) which are mounted in a sectional chassis which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the car body. Said sectional chassis is constituted by a conventional chair underbody and will therefore not be described in more detail. These toothed sections, which can be operated independently of each other, provides adjustment of the height of the seat and the inclination in the front and the rear edge, so-called "tilt". The external edge sections 3, 4 of the frame and any possible reinforcement plates 12, 13 are prepared with holes and recesses for controls and attachments for electric motors and other equipment for adjustment of the various parts of the chair. Of course, if that is required, it is possible to arrange similar holes, recesses and attachments in the rear section. A transversal reinforcement 18 or girder can be arranged in the front section of the seat, on the adjustable part of the frame. This girder is intended to prevent so-called "submarining" in the event of a collision, since it provides the front section of the seat an increased rigidity. The girder can either be integrated or mounted on the frame and has suitably soft, rounded forms. For certain cases with extreme conditions and very large collision forces, where "submarining" after all can occur, the girder is provided with a central recess 19 or an interruption in order to avoid injuries to the passengers genitals. For adjustment of the length of the seat and the height of the back, and thus the height of head rest, respectively, the rear section of the frame, according to Fig. 3, is provided with at least two attachments for guides, which attachments are arranged in pairs. These guides 20a, 20, b, 21a, 21 b are mounted in said attachments and run in the longitudinal direction of the frames, wherein they are fixedly or pivotally mounted in the external edge sections 3, 4 of the frame at the front part of the seat and the upper part of the head rest, respectively. The guides are provided with a respective first gear wheel 22a-b which are connected with a transversal axle 23 with corresponding second gear wheel, which transversal axle 23 is mounted in the opposite external edge sections 3, 4 of the frame. Of course, said gear wheel can be replaced by drive gears, gear belts or any other type of mechanism for movement transmission. The axial displacement of the guides is provided by means of a fixed or rotatable screw 24, e.g. a feed control, which cooperates with an internal thread in the end of each guide. Said first gear wheel can be attached directly to each guide, wherein the screw is fixed. If the first gear wheel is mounted on the screw, this is rotated in the guide which only is displaced axially. Adjustment can be achieved by connecting an electric motor directly to one of the gear wheels of the guides. Alternatively, the adjustment is achieved by acting manually upon a control 25a-b which is situated on one side of the seat and the back, respectively, which control is connected with said transversal axle. Said electric motor for adjustment can also be connected to the gear wheels of the guides via a toothed wheel gearing or via a belt. Alternatively, an electric motor 26 can be mounted on the rear section of the frame in direct connection with the resilient sections 7, 8, wherein adjustment occurs via a feed control which is connected with the external section of the frame. In this regard, the rear section and the adjustable section can also be connected with a spring 27, which cooperates with the resilient sections for return to unloaded position. As is apparent from Fig. 4a, the chair is provided with side supports 28a, 28b, 29a, 29b for the seat as well as the back. The side supports are formed in one piece of a suitable plastics material, such as glass fibre armoured polyamide or a thermoplastic elastomer, etc., the properties of which provides that it can be designed as a hinge. One section 30a of the support is attached to the outside of the external edge section of the frame and comprises a pivoted section which is connected with a second section 30b which can be attached to, alternatively situated inside the stuffing of the chair, in the part that forms the side edges of the chair and shall provide lateral support for the legs and the back, respectively. An advantageous embodiment comprises the use of side supports with identical form for the seat as well as the back rest. The side support is inserted into the stuffing from below, wherein the edge section 30a of the first section and the pivoted section are attached to the frame. Alternatively, the side support can be inserted into the stuffing from the inside, wherein said pivoted section and edge section 30a are constituted by two or more tongues which protrude through recesses in the stuffing and are attached to the frame. The part of the side support which is to be adjusted is suitably provided with a plane horizontal surface 31a-b or edge on its underside, according to Fig. 4b. A transversal axle 32 which is mounted in the edge sections of the frame is provided with a pair of cams 33a-b, the radius of which varies in relation to the centre line of the axle. Said cams bear against said plane surfaces or edges 31a-b. By turning the axle 32, the angle of the support can be set. The turning mechanism can be formed as gear wheel 34 which is attached to the end of the axle and is acted upon by means of a knob 35 via a worm gear 36. The knob of the turning mechanism can also act upon the gear wheel via an angle gear or a rack. It is also possible to act upon the axle by means of an electric motor 37 via a toothed wheel gearing or a gear belt. In those cases where the side supports are identical for both the seat and the back rest, it is suitable to use similar mechanisms for adjustment of the side supports. The back of the chair is provided with an adjustable lumbar support, which can be provided with a rotatable through axle 38, the ends of which are fixedly mounted on, alternatively slidingly attached to the external edge sections of the frame. The axle is provided with one or more elements in the form of cams 39, the radius of which varies in relation to the centre line of the axle. Thus, by turning the axle, the lumbar support can move outwards or inwards in relation to rear section of the frame. The turning can be provided either by means of a knob 40 on the end of the axle or by means of an electric motor via a toothed wheel gearing or a gear belt. In an alternative embodiment, the ends of the first axle are situated in grooves 41 which run along the external edge sections of the frame and are mounted in a pair of profiles 41a, 42b which are slidingly connected with or around the guides 21a, 21 b which affect the height of the head rest. The profiles can be kept in its set height by means of irreversibility in the mechanism, friction, spring-load or similar. A second axle 43 is provided with a pair of gear wheels 44a, 44b which are situated in engagement between tooth rows 46a, 46b on the respective profile 42a, 42b and a pair of corresponding racks 45a, 45b which are attached to or integrated with the rear section 6 of the frame. Therefore, it is possible to manually adjust the vertical height of the lumbar support in relation to the back rest via a knob 47 which acts upon the axle 43. By means of the fact that the adjustment mechanism for the lumbar support is connected with the mechanism for adjustment of the head rest, it is possible to obtain a completely automatic adjustment of both functions. A suitable proportional relative movement can be obtained by moving the lumbar support half the distance that the head rest is adjusted. This is adjusted by selection of a suitable tooth contour and tooth pitch. For simultaneous movement of the lumbar support and the head rest, the knob 25b is used. Of course, it is possible to replace the manual knobs with electric motors. For adjustment of the height or the inclination of the seat and the longitudinal adjustment of the entire chair, existing standard mechanisms 48-50 can be utilized. Adjustment of the frame is only necessary for cooperation with said mechanisms and these will therefore not be described more in detail in this application. As stuffing in the seat and the back, a standard material is used, for example an expanded plastic foam or similar. In order to provide a certain expansion or compression in connection with adjustment of the length of the seat or the height of the back, the stuffing in connection with the resilient sections is provided with a number of recesses. These recesses can be through, but are preferably made from the underside or the backside of the stuffing without going through the material completely. The recesses are preferably made during manufacture of the expanded product and can be provided with a cross-section of optional geometrical form, i.e. triangular, quadrangular, round, etc. The location of the recesses in connection with the resilient sections can be both regular or irregular and the number is selected with regard to the rigidity in the stuffing in question. The more rigid stuffing, the more recesses are required in order to provide adjustment. In order to avoid creases or deformation of the upholstery, seams, cloth patterns, etc. in this can be adapted to the design and the location of the recesses. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which is described above, but may be varied within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the invention can be utilized in connection with various types of vehicles in addition to passenger cars, e.g. trucks or buses.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Chair for vehicles comprising a seat part and a back part, which have several adjustment possibilities for individual adaption of the chair, such as length, height, side supports and lumbar support, and operating means for providing adjustment of the seat and the back part and components forming part thereof, characterized in that an internal, box-shaped frame (1, 2) forms part of at least one of the seat part or the back part, said frame consisting of a front and rear edge section and two opposite side edge sections (3, 4), which edge sections are formed in one piece and are connected with a rear section (5, 6), wherein the side edge sections of the frame are provided with one or more longitudinally adjustable sections (7, 8, 9) and where the rear section is provided with interruptions in connection with the longitudinally adjustable sections, which provides that the box-shaped frame can be adjusted in its longitudinal direction. 2. Chair for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinally adjustable sections (7, 8, 9) of the side edge sections have sinusoidal or trapezoidal cross-sections. 3. Chair for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the box-shaped frame (1, 2) consists of an integrally injection moulded part of a thermoplastic material. 4. Chair for vehicles according to any one of the preceding claims, ch a racte rize d i n that the frame has integrated attachments for manual as well as electrical operating units (26, 37) and reinforcements for mounting of side collision protections (14a, 14b). 5. Chair for vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that the longitudinally adjustable sections (7, 8, 9) of the frame form part of a back rest (2), where it constitutes a vertically adjustable head rest (11b). 6. Chair for vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that the longitudinally adjustable part of the frame forms part of a chair seat (1), where it constitutes a longitudinally adjustable front section (11a). 7. Chair for vehicles according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized i n that the adjustable sections of the frame can be adjusted approximately +/- 30 mm. 8. Chair for vehicles according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinally adjustable sections (7, 8, 9) of the frame are elastically resilient. 9. Chair for vehicles according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a ct e r i z e d i n that the side edge sections of the frame are provided with reinforcement plates (12, 13) from the point where the seat part and the back part meet to the point where the longitudinally adjustable sections begin. 10. Chair for vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame is provided with mounting points (21a, 21b) for a pivotable axle (38) for a lumbar support (39). 11. Chair for vehicles according to claim 10, characterized in that the vertical adjustment (42a-b, 43, 44a-b, 45a-b, 46a-b) of the lumbar support is mechanically connected to the vertical adjustment (22a-b, 23) of a head rest. 12. Chair for vehicles according to claim 11, characterized in that the vertical movement of the lumbar support is half the distance which the head rest is adjusted. 13. Chair for vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that the edge sections of the frame have mounting points for side supports for legs and back, respectively. 14. Chair for vehicles according to claim 13, characterized in that the side supports are formed in one piece and consist of a first section (30a) which consists of a hinge section which is intended to be fastened to the frame, and a second section (30b), which can be angled in relation to the frame. 15. Chair for vehicles according to claim 14, characterized in that the side supports are angled by means of a rotatable cam (33a-b), which acts upon an edge (31a-b) on the underside of the second section (30b). 16. Chair for vehicles according to claim 13, characterized in that the side supports are identically designed for both seat part and back part. 17. Chair for vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame is provided with a stuffing, which in a section between the longitudinally adjustable sections has several recesses, which originate from the back side of the stuffing and can be entirely or almost through, in order to provide expansion and compression during longitudinal adjustment of the sections. 18. Chair for vehicles according to claim 17, characterized in that the recesses can be provided with an optional geometrical form, e.g. circular, triangular, etc. 19. Chair for vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame in the front adjustable part of the seat part is provided with a transversal reinforcement, which is intended to prevent submarining in the event of a collision. 20. Chair for vehicles according to claim 19, characterized in that the transversal reinforcement has a central recess on its upper side.

Inventors: MATTSSON INGEMAR, MATTSSON, INGEMAR
Applicants: MATTSSON INGEMAR, VOLVO AB, AB VOLVO, MATTSSON, INGEMAR
Application year: 1998
Main classification: B60N2
IPC codes: B60N2