Pneumatic tyre

Abstract: A pneumatic tyre comprises a tread-sidewall reinforcement (6a,7a,7b) extending between the tyre sidewall portions (4) through the tread portion (2) which has a symmetrical cord arrangement to prevent ply steer. The tread-sidewall reinforcement is made of a series of loops of at least one reinforcing cord (11)which loops spread over the circumference of the tyre. The tread-sidewall reinforcement can be formed as a carcass or a reinforcing layer disposed outside a carcass. When viewed in the radial direction, the inclination angle  of the reinforcing cord with respect to the tyre circumferential direction is substantially 90 degrees at the tyre equator and decreases to substantially 0 degree gradually from the tyre equator towards the bead portions. When viewed in the axial direction, the inclination angle of the reinforcing cord with respect to the radial direction is in the range of from 60 to 90 degrees.

Description: The present invention relates to a pneumatic tyre having an improved tyre reinforcing structure being capable of preventing ply steer. In bias tyres or cross-ply tyres, the carcass cords are inclined at relatively large angles, for example 30 to 50 degrees with respect to the circumferential direction of the tyre, and the cord arrangement is not symmetrical with respect to the tyre equator. In radial tyres, on the other hand, a breaker made of crossed plies is usually disposed inside the tread. The breaker cords are also inclined at relatively large angles. Thus such tyres involve problems of ply steer, which is especially noticeable in tyres for motorcycles. GB 498 507 A discloses a tyre according to the preamble of claim 1. It is therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a pneumatic tyre which has a novel reinforcing structure being usable instead of the conventional bias carcass structure or belt structure and having a completely symmetrical cord arrangement to effectively prevent the ply steer. Accordingly the present invention provides a pneumatic tyre as set out in claim 1. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Fig.1 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment which is not part of the present invention; Fig.2 is a schematic perspective view of the carcass thereof; Fig.3 is a schematic side view of the carcass; Fig.4A is a perspective view of a rubber coated reinforcing cord; Fig.4B is a perspective view of a rubber tape in which reinforcing cords are embedded; Fig.5 is a plan view of the carcass; Fig.6 is a side view of the carcass; Fig.7 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the carcass; Fig.8 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment which is not part of the present invention; Fig.9 is a schematic perspective view showing the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer thereof; Fig.10 is a schematic side view of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer; Fig.11 is a plan view of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer; Fig.12 is a side view of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer; Fig.13 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer; Fig.14 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 is a schematic perspective view showing the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer thereof; Fig.16 is a schematic side view of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer; Figs.17 and 18 are perspective views showing examples of the cord ring; Fig.19 is a plan view of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer; and Fig.20 is a side view of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer. Figs.1-7 shows a first embodiment which is not part of the present invention, in which a novel reinforcing structure 6a is employed in the carcass 6. In this embodiment, the tyre is a motorcycle tyre comprising a tread portion 2, a pair of axially spaced bead portions 4 and with a bead core 5 therein, a pair of sidewall portions 3 extending between the tread edges 2e and the bead portions 4, and a carcass 6 extending between the bead portions 4. As shown in Fig.1, the tread portion 2 has a convex tread face 2a which is curved continuously from one of the tread edges 2e to the other so that the maximum tyre sectional width TW lies between the tread edges 2e. In the tread portion 2, there is no separate tread reinforcing belt. Figs.2 and 3 shows the structure of the carcass 6 in this embodiment. In these figures, the circumferential cord spacings are depicted as being very large for convenience sake. In fact the cord spacings are about 1 to 5 mm when measured in the circumferential direction at the tyre equator C. The carcass 6 is composed of a series of loops which spread over the circumference of the tyre. The loops are made of at least one continuous reinforcement 10. The reinforcement 10 is a rubber coated single cord 11 shown in Fig.4A or a rubber tape shown in Fig.4B in which parallel cords 11 preferably two to ten cords are embedded along the length thereof. Preferably, the rubber tape 10 has a rectangular cross sectional shape whose width Wo is 5 to 15 mm, whereas the rubber coated single cord 11 has a round cross sectional shape. For the reinforcing cords 11, a nylon cord is used in this example. However, other organic fibre cords, e.g. rayon, polyester, aramid and the like and steel cords and hybrid cords thereof can be used. In the carcass 6, the reinforcement 10 extends to draw loops while moving in one circumferential direction at a small pitch angle P around the tyre axis O. If attention is paid to each loop, as shown in Fig.2, a loop starts from a position S for example near the left side bead core ring 5, extends to the right side bead core ring 5, describing a half oval, passes through the right side bead core ring 5 from the axially inside to the outside, extends to the left side bead core ring 5, describing another half oval, passes through the left side bead core ring 5 from the axially outside to the inside, then returns to a position which corresponds to the start position S but shifts one pitch angle P in one circumferential direction. Therefore, as shown in Fig.1, in a cross section including the tyre axis, the carcass 6 has a closed loop structure extending around the bead core 5 in each bead portions. Accordingly, the carcass 6 has a double layered structure throughout. Therefore, separation failure starting from cord ends or ply edge can be completely prevented. Further, the cord arrangement becomes symmetrical with respect to the tyre equator C. To put it more concretely, in the tread portion 2, as shown in Figs.2 and 5, the cord inclination in the radially outer layer 6B is, for example, a left-side upward inclination on the left side of the tyre equator C, but on the right side of the tyre equator C, a right-side upward inclination. In the radially inner layer 6A, on the other hand, the cord inclination is reverse to the outer layer 6B. Therefore, the ply steer can be fully prevented. Furthermore, the cord segments in the radially outer layer 6B cross those in the radially inner layer 6A in a symmetrical manner. Also, in the sidewall portions 3, as shown in Figs.2 and 6, the cord segments in the inner layer 6A cross those in the outer layer 6B. As a result, the vertical and lateral stiffness of the tyre can be improved. As shown in Fig.5, all the cord segments in the inner and outer layers 6A and 6B cross the tyre equator C at substantially 90 degrees, and the angle with respect to the tyre circumferential direction gradually decreases from the tyre equator C to the bead cores 5 and becomes substantially zero at the bead cores 5. As shown in Fig.6, when the cord 11 is projected on a the tyre equatorial plane, the angle  of the cord 11 with respect to the radial direction N is preferably set in the range of from 60 to 90 degrees. If the angle  is less than 60 degrees, the circumferentially rigidity of the tyre is liable to become insufficient. The pitch angles P are in the range of from 0.1 to 5 degrees, preferably 0.1 to 2 degrees, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 degrees, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 degrees. The cord count in the circumferential direction at the tyre equator is set in the range of less than 120 /5cm, preferably 20 to 80 /5cm more preferably 30 to 50 /5cm. If more than 120 /5cm, the tread portion 2 and sidewall portion 3 are excessively increased in rigidity, and the tyre production efficiency is not good. The carcass structure 6a is formed by repeated looping one continuous reinforcement 10 during turning once around the tyre axis. However, to shorten the manufacturing time, it is possible to use two or more reinforcements 10 being placed side by side during looping. Further, it is also possible to use a plurality of reinforcements 10, for example, four reinforcements 10 each allotted to one fourth part A-D of the tyre as shown in Fig.7, and to wind or loop all of the reinforcements at the same time. Further, the carcass structure 6a may be formed by looping one reinforcement 10 or plural reinforcements 10 side by side during turning of the structure around the tyre axis two or more times. During winding the reinforcement 10, by abutting the edges each other in the radially outer layer 6B in the tread portion 2, accuracy in the cord spacings may be greatly improved. However, it is also possible to provide a certain space. Further, in case of the tape, it may be possible to overlap the edge portions one upon the other. Further, the bead portions 4 are each provided between the inner layer 6A and the outer layer 6B of the carcass 6 with a bead apex 8 which is made of a hard rubber compound tapering radially outwardly from the radially outside of the bead core 5. Comparison Test Two types of motorcycle tyres - an example tyre 1 having the structure shown in Fig.1 and a conventional tyre 1 having two bias carcass plies - were made and tested for the lateral force variation (LFV). Tyre size: 110/80-18 Wheel rim size: MT3.00X18 Inner pressure: 200 Kpa Tyre load: 981 Newtons (100 kgf) Slip angle: zero Tyre Conv.1 Ex.1 Carcass Structure two bias plies Fig.1 Cord 1260d/2 nylon 1260d/2 Nylon Cord angle (deg) 30 0 to 90 Cord count(/5cm) 40 40 Test results LFV (index) primary component 100 16 overall 100 22 From the test, it was confirmed that the tyre according to Fig. 1 was superior in lateral force variation as well as ply steer performance. Figs.8-13 show a second embodiment which is not part of the present invention, in which another reinforcing structure 7a is employed as a tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 disposed outside the carcass 6. The pneumatic tyre in this embodiment is also a motorcycle tyre. The tyre comprises a tread portion 2, a pair of bead portions 4 with a bead core 5 therein, a pair of sidewall portions 3, a carcass 6 extending between the bead portions 4 and a tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 disposed on the outside of the carcass 6. The tread portion 2 has a convex tread face which is curved continuously from one of the tread edges 2e to the other so that the maximum tyre sectional width TW lies between the tread edges 2e. The carcass 6 comprises at least one ply of cords arranged radially at an angle of 70 to 90 degrees with respect to the tyre equator C and extends between the bead portions 4 through the tread portion 2 and sidewall portions 3 and turned up around the bead cores 5 in the bead portions 4 from the inside to outside of the tyre. For the carcass cords, organic fibre cords, e.g. nylon, polyester, rayon, aramid and the like can be used. In this example, the carcass 6 is composed of a single ply of nylon cords arranged at 90 degrees with respect to the tyre equator C. It is preferable for improving the steering stability to set the radial height h1 of the carcass turnup portion 6T in the range of from 25 to 60 % of the tyre section height H. Between the carcass turnup portion 6T and main portion, each of the bead portions 4 is provided with a bead apex made of a hard rubber compound tapering radially outwardly from the radially outside of the bead core 5. Figs.9 and 10 show the structure of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 in this embodiment. In these figures, the circumferential cord spacings are depicted as being very large for convenience sake. In fact the cord spacings are about 1 to 5 mm when measured in the circumferential direction at the tyre equator C. The tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 is composed of a series of loops which spread over the circumference of the tyre. The loops are made of at least one continuous reinforcement 10. As explained above, the reinforcement 10 is a rubber coated single cord 11 shown in Fig.4A or a rubber tape shown in Fig.4B. For the reinforcing cords 11, an aramid cord is used in this example. However, other organic fibre cords, e.g. nylon, rayon, polyester, and the like and steel cords and hybrid cords thereof can be used. In the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7, the reinforcement 10 extends to draw loops while moving in one circumferential direction at a small pitch angle P around the tyre axis O. If attention is paid to each loop, as shown in Fig.9, a loop starts from a position S for example near the right side tread edge, extends in the right side sidewall portion 3 through the bead portion 4, approaches the tread edge on the same side at the circumferentially different position, crosses the tread portion, extends in the left side sidewall portion 3 through the left side bead portion 4 to approach the tread edge, crosses again the tread portion, then returns to a position which corresponds to the start position S but shifts one pitch angle P in one circumferential direction. The pitch angles P are in the range of from 0.1 to 5 degrees, preferably 0.1 to 2 degrees, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 degrees, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 degrees. Therefore, as shown in Fig.8, in a cross section including the tyre axis, the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 has a closed loop structure turning on the radially outside of the bead core 5 in each bead portion. Accordingly, the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 has a double layered structure throughout. Therefore, separation failure starting from cord ends or ply edge can be effectively controlled. Further, the cord arrangement becomes symmetrical with respect to the tyre equator C. In the tread portion 2, as shown in Fig.11, the cord inclination in the radially outer layer is, for example, a left-side upward inclination on the left side of the tyre equator C, but on the right side of the tyre equator C, a right-side upward inclination. In the radially inner layer, on the other hand, the cord inclination is reverse to the outer layer. Therefore, the ply steer can be fully prevented. Furthermore, the cord segments in the radially outer layer cross those in the radially inner layer in a symmetrical manner. Also, in the sidewall portions, as shown in Figs.10 and 12, the cord segments in the inner layer cross those in the outer layer. As a result, the vertical and lateral stiffness of the tyre can be improved. As shown in Fig.11, all the cord segments in the inner and outer layers cross the tyre equator C at substantially 90 degrees, and the angle with respect to the tyre circumferential direction gradually decreases from the tyre equator C towards the bead portions and becomes substantially zero in the bead portions 4. As shown in Fig.12, when the cord 11 is projected on a the tyre equatorial plane, the angle  of the cord 11 with respect to the radial direction N is preferably set in the range of from 60 to 90 degrees. If the angle  is less than 60 degrees, the circumferentially rigidity of the tyre is liable to become insufficient. The cord count in the circumferential direction is set in the range of less than 120 /5cm, preferably 40 to 120 /5cm more preferably 20 to 80 /5cm still more preferably 30 to 50 /5cm. If more than 120 /5cm, the tread portion 2 and sidewall portion 3 are excessively increased in the rigidity, and the tyre production efficiency is not good. The tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 extends along the outside of the carcass 6 from one bead portion to the other bead portion and covers the axially outside of each of the carcass turnup portions 6T. The radial height h2 of the radially inner end 7e of the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 is preferably set in the range of 10 to 40 % of the tyre section height H, each from the bead base line BL. The overlap with the carcass turnup portion 6T in the radial direction (=h1-h2) is preferably in the range of from 10 to 30 % of the tyre section height H. The tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 is formed by looping one continuous reinforcement 10 during turning once around the tyre axis. However, to shorten the manufacturing time, it is possible to use two or more reinforcements 10 being put side by side during looping. Further, it is also possible to use a plurality of reinforcements 10, for example, four reinforcements 10 each allotted to one fourth part A-D of the tyre as shown in Fig.13, and to wind or loop all the reinforcements 10 at the same time. Further, the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 may be formed by looping one reinforcement 10 or plural reinforcements 10 being put side by side during turning around the tyre axis two or more times. Figs.14-20 show an embodiment of the present invention, in which a novel reinforcing structure 7b is employed as a tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 disposed outside the carcass 6. In this embodiment, similar to the second embodiment, the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 is composed of a series of loops which spread over the circumference of the tyre. However, as shown in Figs.15 and 16, the loops are independent from each other, which is the difference from the second embodiment. Each of the loops is formed by a cord ring 9. Fig.17 shows an example of the cord ring 9, which is an annular tape 10 of rubber 12 in which a single cord (=one turn cord) or a plural-turn cord or a plurality of parallel cords are embedded. The tape 10 has a substantially rectangular cross sectional shape whose width Wo is preferably 5 to 15 mm. Preferably, a two-to-ten-turn cord or two to ten parallel cords are embedded. In case of a single cord or a plurality of parallel cords, it is preferable that the ends of each cord are connected by suitable means for example, adhesive, welding, melting and the like. For the reinforcing cords 11, organic fibre cords, e.g. aramid, rayon, nylon, polyester and the like and steel cords and hybrid cords thereof can be used. In this example, three aramid cords 11 are embedded as shown in Fig.17. Fig.18 shows a broken-ring tape 10 which may be used as the cord ring 9. In this broken-ring tape, a single cord or a plurality of parallel cords preferably two to ten parallel cords are embedded. The sectional shape is substantially rectangle whose width Wo is preferably 5 to 15 mm. The angle β of the broken part 10b is less than 180 degrees, preferably less than 90 degrees, more preferably less than 45 degrees, still more preferably less than 30 degrees. The cord rings 9 are disposed around the circumference of the carcass 6 one upon another during moving in one circumferential direction at a certain pitch angle P. Therefore, the cord arrangement becomes symmetrical with respect to the tyre equator C. Further, as shown in Fig.14, in a cross section including the tyre axis, the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 has a double layered structure throughout. In the tread portion 2, as shown in Fig.19, the cord inclination in the radially outer layer is, for example, a left-side upward inclination on the left side of the tyre equator C, but on the right side of the tyre equator C, a right-side upward inclination. In the radially inner layer, on the other hand, the cord inclination is reverse to the outer layer. Therefore, the ply steer can be fully prevented. Furthermore, the cord segments in the radially outer layer cross those in the radially inner layer in a symmetrical manner. Also, in the sidewall portions, as shown in Figs.15, 16 and 20, the cord segments in the inner layer cross those in the outer layer. As a result, the vertical and lateral stiffness of the tyre is effectively improved. As shown in Fig.19, all the cord segments in the inner and outer layers cross the tyre equator C at substantially 90 degrees, and the angle with respect to the tyre circumferential direction gradually decreases from the tyre equator C towards the bead portions and becomes substantially zero in the bead portions 4. As to the radial heights h1 and h2 and overlap hl-h2 (Fig.1), the pitch angles P (Fig.16), the angle  (Fig.20) and the cord count, the limitations explained in the above-mentioned second embodiment are applied here again. Further, as to the elements not specifically described herein, reference to the above-mentioned second embodiment is made. Comparison Test Three types of radial tyres for motorcycles - an example tyre 2 having the structure shown in Fig.8 which is not part of the invention, an example tyre 3 having the structure shown in Fig.14 and a conventional tyre with two cut-end breaker belts - were made and tested for the one-side drifting, stiffness and steering stability. Tyre size: 160/80R16 Wheel rim size: MT3.50X16 Inner pressure: 225 Kpa Tyre load: 1960 Newtons (200 kgf) Camber angle: zero One-side Drifting Test The conicity force was measured with a tyre uniformity tester. The results are indicated in Table 2 by an index based on the conventional tyre being 100, wherein the smaller the index, the less the one-side drifting. Tyre Stiffness Test The vertical stiffness and lateral stiffness were measured. The results are indicated in Table 2 by an index based on the conventional tyre being 100, wherein the larger the index, the higher the stiffness. Steering Stability Test During running a 1500cc motorcycle on a dry asphalt paved test course, with the test tyre mounted on the rear wheel the test rider evaluated the steering stability. The results are indicated in Table 2 by an index based on the conventional tyre being 100, wherein the larger the index, the better the steering stability. Tyre conv.2 Ex.2 Ex.3 Carcass 1 ply Cord 1260d/2 nylon Cord angle 90 deg. Cord count 40 /5cm Reinforcing layer two cut-end belts Fig.8 Fig.14 Cord 1500d/2 aramid 1500d/2 aramid 1500d/2 aramid Cord angle (deg) 20 variable variable Cord count /5cm 37 37 37 h1/H - 0.42 0.42 h2/H - 0.11 0.11 Test results Conicity force 100 30 32 Vertical stiffness 100 140 140 Lateral stiffness 100 160 155 Steering stability Hold feeling 100 170 160 Lateral rigid feeling 100 160 150 From the test, it was confirmed that in example tyres 2 and 3 one-side drifting was effectively prevented, and the tyre stiffness especially lateral stiffness was greatly increased, and the steering stability was remarkably improved. To be brief, the above-mentioned tyres can be manufactured as follows. The tyre in the first embodiment which is not part of the present invention can be made by the steps of: holding a pair of assemblies of the bead core ring and bead apex, with a space therebetween; placing a profiled bladder between the bead core rings; inflating the bladder with fluid; winding loops of the reinforcing cord(s) around the bladder as explained above to form the carcass; applying a tread rubber, sidewall rubber and the like on the carcass; removing the bladder by deflating the bladder; putting the assembly into a mould to vulcanise it; and demoulding the tyre. The tyre in the second embodiment which is not part of the present invention, as well as the tyre in the embodiment of the invention can be made as follows for example. First, as shown in Fig.9 or 15, the toroidal carcass 6 is made, wherein the bead core ring and bead apex rubber is wrapped in the turnup portion 6T. Then, loops of the reinforcing cord(s) are directly wound around the carcass as explained above to form the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7. Further, as another example, it is possible to wind the loops around a profiled drum in a form of toroidal shape similar to the carcass profile. Then, the carcass 6 wound on the cylindrical drum is inserted in the tread-sidewall reinforcing layer 7 and the carcass is formed in a toroidal shape by inflating the drum. In any case, when the assembly of the carcass 6 and the reinforcing layer 7 is made, a tread rubber, sidewall rubber and the like are applied thereon to form a raw tyre, and the raw tyre is vulcanised in a mould. As can be seen from the above description, the present invention can be applied to passenger car tyres, heavy duty tyre and the like in addition to motorcycle tyres. Further, if the loops of the reinforcing cord(s) are wound around a cylindrical drum in a form of cylinder. It can be applied to a tread reinforcing belt for various tyres such as passenger car tyres, heavy duty tyres and the like.

Claims: A pneumatic tyre comprising a tread portion (2), a pair of sidewall portions (3), a pair of bead portions (4) and a tread sidewall reinforcement (7b) extending between the sidewall portions (3) through the tread portion (2), the tread sidewall reinforcement (7b) being made of a series of loops of at least one reinforcing cord (11) spread over the circumference of the tyre, each of the loops extending between the sidewall portions (3) through the tread portion (2) characterised in the said series of loops are formed by a series of cord rings (9) which are independent from each other and spread over the circumference of the tyre, and each of the cord rings (9) is one of a one-turn single cord, a plural-turn single cord, and a plurality of parallel cords. A pneumatic tyre according to claim 1, characterised in that viewed in the radial direction, the inclination angle of said at least one reinforcing cord (11) with respect to the tyre circumferential direction is substantially 90 degrees at the tyre equator and decreases to substantially 0 degree gradually from the tyre equator towards the bead portions. A pneumatic tyre according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that viewed in the axial direction, the inclination angle of said at least one reinforcing cord (11) with respect to the radial direction is in the range of from 60 to 90 degrees. A pneumatic tyre according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that said bead portions (3) are each provided therein with a bead core ring (5), said tread-sidewall reinforcement (6a) is a carcass (6), and said at least one reinforcing cord (11) of each loop extends around the bead core ring (5) from the inside to the outside of the tyre in one of the bead portions and around the bead core ring (5) from the outside to the inside of the tyre in the other bead portion. A pneumatic tyre according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the bead portions (4) are each provided therein with a bead core ring (5), and a carcass ply extending between the bead portions and turned up around the bead cores (5) is provided, and said tread-sidewall reinforcement is disposed outside the carcass ply so as to cover the radially outer edges of the carcass ply turnup portions.

Inventors: TANAKA TAKASHI, TANAKA, TAKASHI
Applicants: SUMITOMO RUBBER IND, SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Application year: 1998
Main classification: B60C9
IPC codes: B60C9