Circuit breaker

Abstract: A circuit breaker having superior shock and vibration resistance is provided. The circuit breaker has a handle pivoted from an off position to an on position. The circuit is closed by bringing a movable contact point into contact with a fixed contact point via lever mechanisms. The circuit breaker has an electromagnetic coil which holds the movable iron piece in a non-attraction position away from an electromagnetic trip coil until power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil. When the movable iron piece is attracted to the electromagnetic trip coil, the lever mechanisms are released from the constrained state, and the movable contact point is separated from the fixed contact point to thereby open the circuit, and the handle returns to the off position in conjunction with the lever mechanisms.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a circuit breaker having superior shock and vibration resistance. 2. Discussion of Related Art As shown in Fig. 6, a circuit breaker having the following configuration has already been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei-1-166435). Specifically, when a handle 1 is pivoted from an off (OFF) position to an on (ON) position, a circuit is closed by bringing a movable contact point into contact with a fixed contact point via a lever mechanism A. Further, the lever mechanism A and the handle 1 are constrained in the ON position. In contrast, when a movable iron piece 3 is attracted to an electromagnetic trip coil 2 by application of a signal such as an overcurrent to the electromagnetic coil 2, the lever mechanism A is released from the constrained state, and the movable contact point is separated from the fixed contact point, thereby opening the circuit. Further, the handle 1 returns to the OFF position in conjunction with the lever mechanism A. In a case where the foregoing circuit breaker is provided on an automobile, the movable iron piece 3 moves in the direction-in which it is supposed to be attracted to the coil-due to abnormal physical shock or vibration, whereby the lever mechanism A is accidentally released from a constrained state. As a result, the movable contact point is separated from the fixed contact point, thereby resulting in a risk of the circuit breaker erroneously carrying out tripping action. Such a problem may be avoided, so long as a spring 4 is provided for holding the movable iron piece 3 in a non-attraction position more firmly, and the spring force of the spring 4 is increased. However, the electromagnetic trip coil 2 is required to have an attracting force sufficient to overcome the spring force, thereby rendering the circuit-breaking operation of the breaker unstable and resulting in a decrease in the reliability of the circuit breaker. The handle 1 itself is pivoted from the ON position to the OFF position due to abnormal physical shock or vibration. Accordingly, there may arise a risk of the circuit breaker erroneously causing a tripping operation, as in the foregoing case. From US-A-4,013,926 a circuit breaker is known, which comprises a handle pivotable between an off position and an on position, lever mechanisms in association with the handle and controlling a movable contact point, a fixed contact point, a movable iron piece, a first electromagnetic trip coil and a second electromagnetic coil, wherein when the handle is pivoted to the on position, a circuit is closed by bringing the movable contact point into contact with the fixed contact point via the lever mechanisms, the second electromagnetic coil holds the movable iron piece in a non-attraction position until power is applied to the first electromagnetic trip coil, and the lever mechanisms and the handle are constrained in the on position; and wherein when the movable iron piece is attracted to the first electromagnetic trip coil by application of power to the first electromagnetic trip coil, the lever mechanisms are released from the constrained state by an action of the movable iron piece, and the movable contact point is separated from the fixed contact point, thereby opening the circuit, and the handle returns to the off position in conjunction with the lever mechanisms. According to this known construction the movable iron piece is comprised of a cylindrically shaped member. From CH-A-161679 an overload current switch for a DC circuit is know, comprising a movable switching member which is maintained within a closed position by means of a holding magnet coil against the action of a spring and is pivoted out of the closed position by means of the action of an electromagnetic trip coil. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been conceived to solve the above-mentioned drawback in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker having superior shock and vibration resistance. To solve the foregoing and other problems, the present invention provides a circuit breaker comprising a handle pivotably between an off position and an on position, lever mechanisms in association with the handle and controlling a movable contact point, a fixed contact point, a movable L-shaped iron piece, a first electromagnetic trip coil and a second electromagnetic coil; wherein the first electromagnetic trip coil and the second electromagnetic coil are mounted adjacently such that the movable L-shaped iron piece pivotably rotates between the first and second coils; wherein when the handle is pivoted to the on position, a circuit is closed by bringing the movable contact point into contact with the fixed contact point via the lever mechanisms, the second electromagnetic coil holds the movable L-shaped iron piece in a non-attraction position away from the first electromagnetic trip coil until power is applied to the first electromagnetic trip coil and the lever mechanisms and the handle are constrained in the on position; and wherein when the movable L-shaped iron piece is attracted and pivoted to the first electromagnetic trip coil by application of power to the first electromagnetic trip coil, the lever mechanisms are released from the constrained state by an action of the movable L-shaped iron piece, and the movable contact point is separated from the fixed contact point, thereby opening the circuit, and the handle returnes to the off position in conjunction with the lever mechanisms. Improved embodiments of the inventive circuit breaker result from the subclaims 2 to 8. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front view showing an initial state of a circuit breaker according to the present invention. Fig. 2A is a front view showing a circuit breaker which is in a set condition. Fig. 2B is an enlarged view showing the principal elements of the circuit breaker shown in Fig. 2A. Fig. 3A is a front view showing a circuit breaker which is in a broken condition. Fig. 3B is an enlarged view showing the principal elements of the circuit breaker shown in Fig. 3A. Fig. 4 shows a modification of the lock member, wherein Fig. 4A is a front view showing the lock member when in an initial state, and Fig. 4B is a front view showing the lock member when in a set condition. Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an electromagnetic coil. Fig. 6 is a front view showing an existing circuit breaker. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the present invention, when the handle is pivoted to the on position from the off position to thereby close the circuit, the lever mechanisms and the handle are constrained in the on position. In this state, no power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil. However, power is applied to the electromagnetic coil for holding purpose, so that the movable iron piece is held in the non-attraction position. As mentioned above, since the movable iron piece is firmly held in the non-attraction position by means of the electromagnetic coil for holding purpose, the movable iron piece is prevented from moving in the attracting direction due to abnormal physical shock or vibration without the need of a spring used for the purpose of retaining the movable iron piece in the non-attraction position. Preferably, a lock member for constraining the handle in the on position is provided on a housing, thereby preventing pivoting of the handle itself to the off position which would otherwise be caused by abnormal physical shock or vibration. By reference to the accompanying drawings, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. As shown in Fig. 1, a circuit breaker 5 is provided with a housing 6. A handle 8 is provided in upper internal space of the housing 6 and is supported by a handle shaft 7 mounted on the internal side wall of the housing 6 so as to be pivotal. The handle 8 is forced so as to pivot to the leftward direction designated by "a" (or toward the off position) by means of a spring (not shown). In the lower internal space of the housing 6, a movable contact point 10 is supported by a contact point shaft 9 mounted on the internal side wall of the housing 6 so as to be vertically pivotable and slightly movable. When the contact point 10 is pivoted upwardly (see Figs. 1 and 3A), the contact point is separated from a fixed contact point 11 provided on the internal bottom wall of the housing 6, thereby turning off the circuit breaker. In contrast, when the contact point 10 is pivoted downwardly (see Fig. 2A), the contact point comes into contact with the fixed contact point 11, thereby turning on the circuit breaker. The movable contact point 10 is forced in the direction-in which it is upwardly pivoted (or toward the off position) by means of a spring (not shown). An electromagnetic trip coil 13 is mounted on the internal side wall of the housing 6, and an inverted L-shaped movable iron piece 15 is supported at the side of the electromagnetic trip coil 13 in such a way as to be vertically pivotable by means of an iron piece shaft 14 mounted on the internal side wall of the housing 6. When power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13, an upper arm 15a is pivotally attracted to an internal iron core 13a of the electromagnetic trip coil 13. In contrast, when no power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13, the upper arm 15a is forced in an upward pivotal direction designated by "c" by means of a spring (not shown). An electromagnetic coil 16 for holding purpose is mounted on the internal side wall of the housing 6 in a position above the electromagnetic trip coil 13. When power is applied to an internal iron core 16a of the electromagnetic coil 16 for holding purpose, the upper arm 15a of the movable iron piece 15 forced in the upward pivotal direction "c" is attracted to and retained in an upward pivotal position by the electromagnetic coil 16. An upper portion of a C-shaped first link 19 is joined to a lower portion of the handle 8 so as to be pivotal by means of a first link shaft 18. A lower portion of an I-shaped second link 21 is joined to an intermediate portion of the movable contact point 10 so as to be pivotal by means of a second link shaft 20. Further, a lower portion of the first link 19 and the intermediate portion of the second link 21 are joined together so as to be pivotal by means of a third link shaft 23. The second link 21 is forced in a leftward pivotal direction designated by "d" by means of a spring (not shown). A lock pin 21a is provided at an upper portion of the second link 21, and the first link shaft 18 is joined to an upper portion of the circular-arc-shaped cam lever 22 together with an upper portion of the first link 19 in such a way that the upper portions of the cam lever 22 and the first link 19 are pivotal. A lock recess 22c (see Fig. 3A) is formed between the circular-arc-shaped section 22a and the cam 22b of the cam lever 22. A lock pin 21a of the second link 21 which travels along the internal edge of the circular-arc-shaped section 22a engages with the lock recess 22c from above, thereby temporarily constraining the second link 21 in the substantially-vertical leftward pivotal position. The intermediate portion of the striker bar 24 is supported on the intermediate portion of the first link 19 in such a way as to be pivotal by means of a bar shaft 25 integrally formed with the striker bar 24. When the handle 8 is pivoted toward the rightward direction designated by "e" (i.e., toward the on position), a lower portion 24a of the striker bar 24 (an upper portion of the striker bar 24 is omitted from the drawing) approaches and becomes opposite to a lower arm 15b of the movable iron piece 15 whose upper arm 15a is retained in the upward pivotal position by means of the electromagnetic coil 16. The striker bar 24 is forced in a rightward pivotal direction by means of a spring (not shown). A top-flat semicircular shear pin 25a is integrally formed with the bar shaft 24 of the striker bar 24. As represented by an enlarged view shown in Fig. 2B, the cam 22b of the cam lever 22 is constrained by a shoulder 25b of the shear pin 25a, whereby the cam lever 22 is temporarily held so as not to pivot in the leftward direction. A lock member 26 formed into the shape of a leaf spring is mounted on the upper outside of the housing 6. When the handle 8 is actuated in the right pivotal direction "e" (i.e., toward the on position), the lock member 26 holds the handle 8 in the rightward pivotal position (i.e., the on position). Fig. 5 is a control circuit of the circuit breaker 5, and a trip relay 30 comprises a coil 30a, a normally-open contact point "a" 30b, and a normally-close contact point "b" 30c. Further, a relay 31 for retaining purpose comprises a coil 31a and a normally-open contact point "a" 31b. A semiconductor switch 32 is connected to the coil 30a of the trip relay 30 and is controlled between an on state and an off state by means of a control signal output from a gate 32a. Reference numerals 33 and 35 designate external switches, and reference numerals 34a to 34d designate power sources. The operation of the circuit breaker 5 having the foregoing construction will be described hereinbelow. As shown in Fig. 1, when the handle 8 is pivoted in the leftward direction to the off position by means of spring force, the movable contact point 10 is upwardly pivoted to the off position. In this state, since no power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13, the movable iron piece 15 is upwardly pivoted by means of spring force. At this time, when the external switch 33 is turned on in association with the actuation of, e.g., an ignition switch of an automobile, power is applied to the coil 31a of the relay 31, thereby turning on the contact point "a" 31b. Power is further applied to the electromagnetic coil 16 via the contact point "b" 30c of the trip relay 30. Therefore, the upper arm 15a of the movable iron piece 15 is attracted to and retained by the electromagnetic coil 15 in the upward pivotal position. As shown in Fig. 2A, when the handle 8 is actuated and pivoted right from the foregoing initial state, the handle 8 itself is constrained in the rightward pivotal position (i.e., the on position) by means of the lock member 26. The movable contact point 10 is lowered by way of the first link 19 and the second link 21, thereby coming into contact with the fixed contact point 11. As a result, a circuit 17 is closed. At this time, the cam lever 22 whose lock recess 22c is engaged with the lock pin 21a of the second link 21 is rotated right about the handle shaft 7 and pivots right on the first link shaft 18 in association with the rightward pivotal movement of the handle 8 and the second link 21. As shown in Fig. 2B, the cam 22b is constrained by the shoulder 25b of the shear pin 25a of the bar shaft 25 of the striker bar 24, so that the cam lever 22 is temporarily retained so as not to pivot in the leftward direction. The lower portion 24a of the striker bar 24 supported on the first link 19 by the bar shaft 25 approaches and becomes opposite to the lower arm 15b. Although no power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13 in this set condition, power is applied to the electromagnetic coil 16, and the movable iron piece 15 is firmly retained in the non-attraction position. Therefore, the movable iron piece 15 is prevented from moving in the attracting direction due to abnormal physical shock or vibration without the need of a spring used for the purpose of firmly retaining the movable iron piece 15 in the non-attraction position. As a result, there is no risk of the circuit breaker 5 erroneously performing tripping action, thereby resulting in stable circuit-breaking operation with improved reliability. Further, the handle 8 is constrained in the on position by means of the lock member 26, and hence the handle 8 itself is prevented from pivoting to the off position due to abnormal physical shock or vibration. Therefore, there is no risk of the circuit breaker 5 erroneously performing tripping action. If the circuit breaker employs the electromagnetic coil 16 together with the lock member, the reliability of the circuit breaker is improved further. When a signal, such as an overcurrent, is applied to the gate 32a of the semiconductor switch 32 from the control circuit 29 while the external switch 35 is in an on state, the semiconductor switch 32 is turned on, and power is applied to the coil 30a of the electromagnetic trip coil 30. As a result, the contact point "b" 30c is turned off the instant the contact point "a" 30b is turned on, the power applied to the electromagnetic coil 16 is interrupted. The upper arm 15a of the movable iron piece 15 is released from a retained state, and power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13, whereby the upper arm 15a of the movable iron piece 15 is attracted to and held by the electromagnetic trip coil 13. As shown in Figs. 2A and 3A, the movable iron piece 15 is pivoted left, and the lower arm 15b pivots the lower portion 24a of the striker bar 24 in the leftward direction. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 3B, the cam 22b of the cam lever 22 is released from the shoulder 25b of the shear pin 25a, and the cam lever 22 is pivoted leftward by means of spring force, to thereby disengage the lock pin 21a from the lock recess 22c. The second link 21 is pivoted right by means of spring force, and the movable contact point 10 is upwardly pivoted by spring force. As a result, the movable contact point 10 is separated from the fixed contact point 11, thereby opening the circuit 17. Subsequently, in the case where the circuit 17 is closed again, when the handle 8 is forcefully pivoted left until it is disengaged from the lock member 26, the handle 8 returns to the initial state shown in Fig. 1. If the handle 8 is pivoted right again, the circuit 17 can be closed repeatedly in the manner as described previously. Although the lock member 26 that is in the form of a leaf spring is mounted on the upper external portion of the housing 6 by means of a screw 27 in the foregoing embodiment, a leaf-shaped lock member 26 made of synthetic resin may be supported on an upper portion of the handle 8 so as to be vertically pivotal by means of a pin 28 as shown in Fig. 4A. Further, a lock recess 6a is formed in the upper external portion of the housing 6 in such a way that a pawl 26a of the lock member 26 is locked when the handle 8 is pivoted right. The handle 8 may be constrained in the rightward pivotal position. Further, although power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13 the instant the power applied to the electromagnetic coil 16 is interrupted in the previous embodiment, if power is applied to the electromagnetic trip coil 13 after lapse of a given period of time since the power applied to the electromagnetic coil 16 has been interrupted, the attracting force of the electromagnetic trip coil 13 becomes effective after the attracting force of the electromagnetic coil 16 has sufficiently disappeared. The breaking action of the circuit breaker 15 is ensured further. As mentioned in the previous embodiment, when the external switch 22 is turned on in association with the actuation of the ignition switch, the external switch 33 can be turned on by actuation of the ignition switch. As a result, the external switch 33 can be accurately turned on only when a circuit-breaking operation is required. As is evident from the foregoing description, in the circuit breaker according to the present invention, when the handle is actuated and pivoted to the on position from the off position to thereby close the circuit, power is applied to the electromagnetic coil for holding purpose, so that the movable iron piece is firmly held in the no-attraction position. Accordingly, the movable iron piece is prevented from moving in attracting direction due to abnormal physical shock or vibration without provision of a spring used for the purpose of firmly holding the movable iron piece in the non-attraction position (or even in a case where the pivotal spring force exerted on the movable iron piece toward the non-attraction position is weak), thereby eliminating the risk of the circuit breaker erroneously performing tripping action. Therefore, the breaking action of the circuit breaker becomes more stable, resulting in improvement in reliability of the circuit breaker. Further, if the lock member for constraining the handle in the on position is provided on the housing, the handle itself is prevented from pivoting to the off position due to abnormal physical shock or vibration. Similarly, there is no risk of the circuit breaker erroneously performing tripping action. Hence, if the circuit breaker employs the electromagnetic coil for holding purpose together with the lock member, the reliability of the circuit breaker is improved further.

Claims: A circuit breaker comprising a handle (8) pivotably between an off position and an on position, lever mechanisms (18-25) in association with the handle (8) and controlling a movable contact point (10), a fixed contact point (11), a movable L-shaped iron piece (15), a first electromagnetic trip coil (13) and a second electromagnetic coil (16); wherein the first electromagnetic trip coil (13) and the second electromagnetic coil (16) are mounted adjacently such that the movable L-shaped iron piece pivotably rotates between the first and second coils; wherein when the handle (8) is pivoted to the on position, a circuit is closed by bringing the movable contact point (10) into contact with the fixed contact point (11) via the lever mechanisms (18-25), the second electromagnetic coil (16) holds the movable L-shaped iron piece (15) in a non-attraction position away from the first electromagnetic trip coil (13) until power is applied to the first electromagnetic trip coil (13) and the lever mechanisms (18-25) and the handle (8) are constrained in the on position; and wherein when the movable L-shaped iron piece (15) is attracted and pivoted to the first electromagnetic trip coil (13) by application of power to the first electromagnetic trip coil (13), the lever mechanisms (18-25) are released from the constrained state by an action of the movable L-shaped iron piece (15), and the movable contact point (10) is separated from the fixed contact point (11), thereby opening the circuit, and the handle (8) returnes to the off position in conjunction with the lever mechanisms (18-25). The circuit breaker as defined in claim 1, wherein a lock member (26) is provided on a housing (6) of the circuit breaker for constraining the handle (8) in the on position. The circuit breaker as defined in claim 2, wherein the lock member (26) is a leaf spring that engages the handle (8) in the on position. The circuit breaker as defined in claim 2, wherein the lock member (26) is a leaf shaped lock member pivotably mounted on the handle (8) and the housing (6) contains a lock recess (6a) that engages the leaf shaped lock member when the handle (8) is in the on position. The circuit breaker as defined in claim 1, wherein the handle (8), lever mechanisms (18-25), movable L-shaped iron piece (15) and movable contact point (10) are pivotably mounted on a housing (6) of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker as defined in claim 1, wherein the fixed contact point (11), first electromagnetic trip coil (13) and second electromagnetic coil (16) are fixedly mounted on a housing (6) of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker as defined in claim 1, wherein the lever mechanisms (18-25) comprise a first link (19) pivotably joined to the handle (8) by a first link shaft (18), a second link (21) pivotably joined to the movable contact point (10) by a second link shaft, wherein the first link (19) and the second link (21) are pivotably joined by a third link shaft, and a striker bar (24) pivotably mounted to the first link (19) by an integral bar shaft (25), and wherein the lever mechanisms are released from the constrained state when the movable L-shaped iron piece (15) contact the striker bar (24) when the movable L-shaped iron piece (15) is attracted to the first electromagnetic trip coil (13). The circuit breaker as defined in claim 7, wherein the lever mechanisms (18-25) are constrained in the on position with a cam lever (22) pivotably mounted on the first link shaft (18), wherein the cam lever (22) contains a lock recess (22c) that engages with a lock pin (21a) on the second link (21) when the handle (8) is in the on position.

Inventors: KUME MASAHIRO, KUME, MASAHIRO, Kume, Masahiro, c/o Harness System Tech. Res. Ltd.
Applicants: HARNESS SYST TECH RES LTD, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, HARNESS SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH, LTD., SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD., SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: H01H1
IPC codes: H01H71