Image forming apparatus

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus comprising a sheet supply means having a detachable sheet supply roller and adapted to feed out stacked sheets by the sheet supply roller, an image forming means having a process cartridge for forming an image on the sheet fed out by the sheet supply means, a cartridge containing portion for detachably containing the process cartridge within a body of the image forming apparatus, and a sheet discharge means for discharging and stacking the sheets on which the images were formed by the image forming means. The sheet supply roller and the process cartridge are disposed adjacent to each other, and, after the process cartridge is disengaged from the cartridge containing portion, the sheet supply roller is mounted and dismounted through the cartridge containing portion.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a laser beam printer, a copying machine, a facsimile and the like and an improvement in a sheet supply portion of such an apparatus. Related Background Art Recently, laser beam printers have been made more compact and made more inexpensive, with the result that the laser beam printers which were used under limited conditions such as office equipment and/or business purpose have been used in private offices and/or homes since personal computers have been progressed. To this end, the laser beam printers themselves have been improved so that the performance thereof is enhanced and it can easily be used by any person. For example, only by opening an open/close cover, the user himself can easily exchange consumed parts such as a process cartridge and easily effect jam treatment. Further, in the past, a large number of sheets having certain kinds recommended by electrophotographic makers were used. However, recently, various kinds of paper sheets (for example, no-brand low cost sheets, ink jet printing sheet and the like) available from stationery shops or discount stores have frequently be used. Further, for an individual, a user may use various sheets such as a post card, a letter-paper, an envelope and sheets having various thicknesses. Since such sheets may have features different from features of sheets to be used in the apparatuses recommended by the makers, various problems may occur. For example, some kinds of paper sheets may reduce a friction force of a sheet supply roller for supplying a sheet to the laser beam printer, thereby causing poor sheet supply. More particularly, coating on the sheet and/or pigment coated on the sheet and/or additives (talc, calcium carbonate or Kaolin) is adhered to and accumulated on a surface of the sheet supply roller, and, a rubber surface of the sheet supply roller is worn by a rough surface of the sheet or fibers of the sheet, thereby causing such problems. Such sheet supply roller must be cleaned by using solvent such as alcohol or the sheet supply roller itself must be exchanged. However, since the solvent such as alcohol cannot easily be available and the sheet supply roller cannot easily be exchanged by the user (even when the improvement is made so that anyone can handle the apparatus easily), generally, the user leaves repair of the apparatus to the maker. To avoid this, it is requested to provide an arrangement in which any user can easily exchange the sheet supply roller. However, the conventional arrangements have the following disadvantages. (1) Since the sheet supply roller is disposed within the body of the apparatus, a space available to exchange the sheet supply roller is small. (2) As shown in Fig. 7A, in general, in a sheet supply roller unit 100, a sheet supply roller 101, a sheet supply sub-roller 102 and cams 106, 109 are fitted on a sheet supply shaft 104 and are secured to the sheet supply shaft by fixing members 103, 105, 108 and 110. When parts are exchanged, the unit 100 integrally including the sheet supply shaft 104 is dismounted from a body of the apparatus, and, as shown in Fig. 7B, the sub-roller 102 and the fixing members (parallel pins) 103, 105 provided on the shaft are slid along a longitudinal direction of the shaft to be removed. Accordingly, it is difficult to exchange the sheet supply roller by the user himself. (3) A sheet supply roller unit 122 shown in Fig. 8 includes a rubber portion 122a having high coefficient of friction and a sheet supply roller metal core 122b. In this unit, the user can easily exchange the sheet supply roller only by disengaging a pawl 122c of a snap fit 122d provided on the metal core 122b from a recess provided in a shaft 120 and sliding the roller laterally. However, as shown in Fig. 8, the exchange of the sheet supply roller can be effected only when the sheet supply roller is supported by a bearing portion 121 in a cantilever fashion and any parts are not provided on the shaft, and other arrangement cannot be used. Image forming apparatuses as described above are for example known from EP 0 679 958 and EP 0621 515. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to permit easy exchanging of a sheet supply roller by a user himself in an image forming apparatus. This object is solved by an image forming apparatus having the features as defined in claim 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an image forming apparatus to which the present invention is applied; Figs. 2A, 2B and 2C are partial enlarged explanatory views showing mounting/dismounting arrangement of a sheet supply roller of the image forming apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a front view showing the main part of Figs. 2A, 2B and 2C; Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C are explanatory views showing a sheet supplying condition of the sheet supply roller of Fig. 1; Figs. 5A, 5B and 5C are partial enlarged explanatory views showing another mounting/dismounting arrangement of a sheet supply roller; Fig. 6 is a view showing an embodiment in which a detachable sheet supply roller is provided at a cover side; Figs. 7A and 7B are front views showing a conventional sheet supplying apparatus using a shaft supported at its both ends; and Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a conventional sheet supplying apparatus using a shaft supported in a cantilever fashion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will now be fully explained with reference to Figs. 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4A, 4B and 4C. Fig. 1 schematically shows a laser beam printer M (referred to merely as "printer M" hereinafter) using a detachable process cartridge, as an example of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. A conveying direction of a recording sheet P has an upstream side (right side) and a downstream side (left side) in Fig. 1. Although the recording sheet P may be a thick sheet, a special sheet such as an envelope, or film sheet such as OHP sheet, as well as a normal sheet, in the illustrated embodiment, the normal sheet is used as the recording sheet. In the printer M, a sheet supply tray 32 for supporting the recording sheets P (before image formation) longitudinally or vertically is provided at an upstream side of a printer body 50 (referred to merely as "body 50" hereinafter) in a recording sheet supplying direction (rear or remote side of the body 50), and a sheet discharge tray 33 for supporting the recording sheets P (after image formation) longitudinally is provided at a downstream side of the body 50 (front or near side of the body 50). A lower end of the sheet supply tray and a lower end of the sheet discharge tray are interconnected within a convey path extending from the right to the left (from the rear side to the front side) of the body 50 in Fig. 1 so that a sheet supply portion 3, a process cartridge 1 and a fixing portion 6 are arranged adjacent to each other as much as possible, thereby providing a compact U-shaped path (referred to as "vertical U-shaped path" hereinafter). The process cartridge 1 incorporates therein at least a photosensitive drum (image bearing member) 1A on which an electrostatic latent image is formed in an electrophotographic manner and a developing means having a developing sleeve 1B (if necessary, process means such as a charge means 1C may be added) as a cartridge unit which can detachably mounted to the body of the image forming apparatus. A body frame includes left and right side plates (not shown), a central stay member 31, a top plate 30 on which a laser scanner 2 for forming the latent image on the photosensitive drum 1A is mounted, and a bottom plate on which an electric portion 7 is mounted, and a transfer portion 4, a convey guide portion 5 and the fixing portion 6 are mounted on the stay member 31. In a condition that an open/close cover 9 having the sheet discharge tray 33 is opened by shifting it from a position shown by the two dot and chain line to a position shown by the solid line, the process cartridge 1 is inserted into a cartridge containing portion S along guide portions 10 provided on both sides of the body 50 to be held at a predetermined position. The open/close cover 9 is provided with a switch so that when the open/close cover is opened a main power source is turned OFF, and when the open/close cover is closed the main power source is turned ON. The sheet supply portion 3 is provided at a rear side of the process cartridge 1 and a sheet supply roller 12 is disposed at the center of the sheet supply portion, so that, after the open/close cover 9 is opened, when the process cartridge 1 is dismounted, an operator can easily access to the sheet supply roller through the cartridge containing portion S. A sheet supply roller unit for supplying a recording sheet of the image forming apparatus according to the present invention is constituted by a sheet supply shaft (described later), a sheet supply roller support member provided on the sheet supply shaft, and the sheet supply roller supported by the support member, and a sheet supply means is constituted by the sheet supply tray 32 and the sheet supply portion 3, and a sheet discharge means is constituted by a pair of discharge rollers 34 and the sheet discharge tray 33. The recording sheet P stacked on the sheet supply tray 32 are separated and supplied one by one by the sheet supply portion 3, and the separated recording sheet is conveyed by a convey roller 19 toward a downstream side inclined downwardly by about 20 degrees within the electrophotographic apparatus. The recording sheet P is sent to a nip between the photosensitive drum 1A and the transfer portion 4, where a toner image formed on the drum is transferred onto the recording sheet. Then, the recording sheet is sent to the fixing portion 6, where the toner image is thermally fixed to the recording sheet. Thereafter, the recording sheet is discharged onto the sheet discharge tray 33 by the pair of discharge rollers 34. Explaining the sheet supply portion 3 more in detail, as shown in Figs. 2A to 2C and 4A to 4C, the sheet supply portion includes an intermediate plate 23 for urging the recording sheet P against the sheet supply roller 12 by a spring 22, a frictional separation means 18 (Fig. 4A) biased toward the sheet supply roller 12 by a spring 21 disposed between the separation means and the body frame 20 in order to separate the recording sheets one by one by a friction force, a semi-circular sheet supply roller 12 attached to a sheet supply shaft 11 and arranged at the center of the recording sheet, sheet supply sub-rollers 13 disposed on both sides of the sheet supply roller, cams 16, 17 provided on both ends of the shaft 11 and adapted to push the intermediate plate 23 downwardly, and a clutch (not shown) for controlling one revolution of the sheet supply roller and the cams. A guide member 14 for guiding the recording sheet P separated by the sheet supply roller 12 and the frictional separation means 18 is rotatably supported on the sheet supply shaft 11, and a driven sub-roller 15 opposed to the convey roller 19 provided on the body frame 20 is provided on the guide member 14. The recording sheet P conveyed by the convey roller 19 is guided toward an image forming portion of the process cartridge 1 between the guide member 14 and a body frame portion 21 located below the guide member. As shown in Figs. 2A to 2C, the sheet supply roller 12 has a rubber portion 12b formed from a member having high coefficient of friction, and a metal core portion 12c, and the rubber portion has a cylindrical shape and the metal core portion has a solid or hollow cylindrical shape. First positioning projections 12a are provided on the metal core portion in the vicinity of a portion A (referred to as "sheet supply tip end portion" hereinafter) which is contacted with the recording sheet in the initial sheet supply condition when-the sheet supply roller 12 is rotated in a direction shown by the arrow D in Fig. 2A, and the projections may be pins as shown, for example. Further, second projections 12d and third slit-shaped recesses 12e are provided at both sides of the metal core portion in the vicinity of a portion B (referred to as "sheet supply trail end portion" hereinafter) which is contacted with the recording sheet in the last sheet supply condition when the sheet supply roller 12, and, preferably, each projection 12d is a prismatic projection having a square cross-section. The projections 12a, 12d and the recesses 12e act as a locking means for the roller support member and the sheet supply roller 12, which will be described later. At a central portion of a shaft portion 11a of the sheet supply shaft 11, outside of the sheet supply roller 12, there are provided elastic sheet supply roller support plates 11b formed integrally or formed independently from the shaft portion 11a, and the sheet supply roller support plates 11b are provided at their sheet supply tip end portion sides with first recesses 11c adapted to be engaged by the sheet supply roller positioning projections 12a and provided at their sheet supply trail end portion sides with second recesses 11d adapted to be engaged by the second projections 12d of the sheet supply roller 12. For example, each second recess 11d is a square hole. When the sheet supply roller 12 is inserted between the roller support plates 11b, the second projections 12d are snap-fitted into the second recesses 11d. The first projections 12a and recesses 11c, and second projection 12d and recesses 11d constitute first and second locking means, respectively. At the sheet supply trail end portion side within the sheet supply roller support plates 11b, there are provided third rib-shaped projections 11e adapted to be engaged by the third slit-shaped recesses 12e of the sheet supply roller 12 to effect the positioning of the sheet supply roller 12, and these projections 11e and recesses 12e constitute a third locking means. In this way, the positioning of the sheet supply roller 12 with respect to the sheet supply roller support plates 11b in a direction E is effected by the first projections 12a and recesses 11c, second snap-fit projections 12d and recesses 11d, and third recesses 12e and projections 11e, and, the positioning of the sheet supply roller 12 in a direction G is effected by fitting the third projections 11e into the third recesses 12e. In the sheet supply roller 12 so attached, as shown in Figs. 4A to 4C, a force applied in the sheet supplying operation is dispersed to prevent occurrence of any play and flexion. That is to say, Fig. 4A shows a condition that the recording sheet P is supplied at the sheet supply tip end portion A immediately after the sheet supplying operation is started. In this condition, due to a reaction force, the sheet supply roller 12 tries to shift toward a direction shown by the arrow J to be separated from the support plates 11b. However, since the first projections 12a are positively fitted into the recesses 11c to receive the force, the snap-fit portion at the sheet supply trail end side is not subjected to any force, so that the attachment position of the sheet supply roller 12 is stabilized. Fig. 4B shows a sheet supplying middle condition. Also in this condition, since the first projections 12a are positively fitted into the recesses 11c so that the force K acting on the sheet supply roller 12 is supported by the projections 12a, no problem occurs. Fig. 4C shows a condition that the recording sheet P is supplied at the sheet supply trail end portion B immediately before the sheet supplying operation is completed. In this condition, due to the reaction force, the sheet supply roller 12 is subjected to the force to biased toward the support plates 11b (direction shown by the arrow L). However, since the third positioning projections 11e are positively fitted into the third recesses 12e and the support plates 11b are rigid, the snap-fit portion at the sheet supply trail end side is not subjected to any force, with the result that the attachment position of the sheet supply roller 12 is stabilized. When the sheet supply roller 12 is exchanged, the open/close cover 9 is opened as shown in Fig. 1 and the process cartridge is removed, so that the sheet supply roller can be exchanged through the cartridge containing portion S. In this case, by removing the process cartridge 1, the great working space for exchanging the sheet supply roller 12 can be ensured. As shown in Fig. 2A and 2B, portions C of the sheet supply roller support plates 11b are widened or bent in opposite directions to release the snap-fit, and the sheet supply roller 12 is rotated around the first projections 12a in a direction shown by the arrow F. Then, as shown in Fig. 2C, the sheet supply roller 12 is slid in a direction shown by the arrow G to disengage the first projections 12a from the recesses 11c. In this way, the sheet supply roller 12 can easily be dismounted. On the other hand, when the sheet supply roller 12 is mounted on the sheet supply shaft 12a, since the reverse operation may be effected, the user can easily exchange the sheet supply roller 12. Since the detect means for detecting the open or close condition is provided on the open/close cover 9, when the open/close cover 9 is opened to perform the exchanging operation, the high voltage power source for driving the apparatus is turned OFF on the basis of a signal from the detect means. With this arrangement, even in a construction in which the sheet supply roller 12 can be mounted and dismounted in a direction perpendicular to the sheet supply roller 12, the metal core portion is not required to be supported in a cantilever fashion as shown in Fig. 8 but can be supported with sufficient strength. Incidentally, in the present invention, other than the above-mentioned arrangement, an arrangement in which after the open/close cover 9 is opened the process cartridge 1 is removed and then by opening another cover or sheet guide the exchange of the sheet supply roller 12 is permitted may be used. Further, in the illustrated embodiment, while an example that the sheet supply roller 12 is mounted and dismounted along the direction perpendicular to the sheet supply shaft 12a was explained, the sheet supply roller 12 may be mounted and dismounted along a longitudinal direction of the shaft 12a. Further, the projections and recesses (as locking means) provided on the sheet supply roller 12 and the roller support members may have a reverse relation (i.e., provided on the roller support members and the sheet supply roller). Figs. 5A to 5C show another embodiment for mounting and dismounting a sheet supply roller 12. A sheet supply roller 52 is constituted by a semicircular rubber portion 52b and a metal core portion 52c, similar to the sheet supply roller 12 shown in Figs. 2A to 2C, and these portions have semi-circular cylindrical shape. When it is assumed that the sheet supply roller 52 is rotated in a direction shown by the arrow D, first and second projections (positioning pins) 52a, 52d are provided on both sides of the metal core in the vicinity of a sheet supply tip end portion A and a sheet supply trail end portion B, respectively. At a central portion of a shaft portion 51a, outside of the sheet supply roller 52, there are provided sheet supply roller support plates 51b formed integrally or formed independently from the shaft portion 51a, and the sheet supply roller support plates 51b are provided at their sheet supply tip end portion sides with first recesses (straight grooves) 51c adapted to be engaged by the sheet supply tip end side positioning pins 52a and provided at their sheet supply trail end portion sides with second recesses (L-shaped grooves) 51d adapted to be engaged by the sheet supply trail end side positioning pins 52d. Each L-shaped groove is constituted by an inlet side groove, and a rear side groove extending perpendicular to the inlet side groove and parallel with the straight groove. Projections 51e for snap-fitting the pins 52d are provided at the entrance of the sheet supply trail end side grooves 51d to make the grooves narrower. Fig. 5A shows a sheet supply permitting condition in which the sheet supply roller 52 is mounted on the sheet supply shaft. When the sheet supply roller is dismounted, the sheet supply roller 52 is shifted along the rear side grooves of the L-shaped grooves 51d extending in parallel with a first diametrical direction (direction M) of the sheet supply shaft and the grooves 51c, thereby disengaging the first and second projections 52a, 52d from these grooves. Then, by shifting the second projections 52d along the inlet side grooves of the L-shaped grooves 51d extending in parallel with a second diametrical direction (direction N) perpendicular to the first diametrical direction, the sheet supply roller 52 can be dismounted from the sheet supply roller 52 or the roller support plates 51b. When the sheet supply roller 52 is mounted on the sheet supply shaft 52a, reverse operation may be effected. Incidentally, projections similar to the snap-fitting projections 51e may be provided in association with the first recesses 51c. Next, a further embodiment will be explained with reference to Fig. 6. Incidentally, elements same as or similar to the elements of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals and detailed explanation thereof will be omitted. A process cartridge 1 can be extracted out of the apparatus through guide means (not shown) after an open/close cover 9 provided on an upper surface of a body of the apparatus is opened. A sheet supply roller 12 of a sheet supply portion 3 is the same as that in the above-mentioned embodiment and can easily be mounted and dismounted with respect to a sheet supply shaft 11. A sheet supply cover,62 provided above the sheet supply roller 12 and adapted to cover the sheet supply roller 12 is supported by a body 60 of the image forming apparatus in such a manner that, after the process cartridge 1 is dismounted, the cover 62 can be rotated within a cartridge containing portion S. In a closed condition shown by the two dot and chain line in Fig. 6, the sheet supply cover 62 also acts as a guide means for guiding a sheet fed out by the sheet supply roller 12 toward an image forming position. With this arrangement, after the open/close cover 9 of the body 60 of the image forming apparatus is opened and the process cartridge 1 is removed, when the sheet supply cover 62 is opened from the cartridge containing portion S, the sheet supply roller 12 can be dismounted from the sheet supply shaft 11.

Claims: An image forming apparatus (M) comprising: a sheet supply means (3) having a detachable sheet supply roller (12) and adapted to feed out sheets from a stack by said sheet supply roller (12); an image forming means having a process cartridge for forming an image on the sheet fed out by said sheet supply means; a cartridge containing portion (S) for detachably containing said process cartridge (1) within a main body (50) of the image forming apparatus (M); and a sheet discharge means (33, 34) for discharging and stacking the sheets (P) on which the images were formed by said image forming means; wherein said sheet supply roller (12) and said process cartridge (1) are disposed adjacent to each other, and, after said process cartridge (1) is disengaged from said cartridge containing portion (S), said sheet supply roller is mountable and dismountable through said cartridge containing portion (S), characterised in that said sheet supply roller (12) is mountable and dismountable without requiring further parts of said sheet supply means (3) to be mounted and dismounted. An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 1, wherein said sheet supply means (3) includes an inclined sheet supply tray (32) on which the sheets (P) are stacked, and said process cartridge (1) is disposed at a front side of said sheet supply tray (32). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 2, wherein said sheet discharge means (33, 34) includes an inclined sheet discharge tray (33) on which the sheets are stacked, and said process cartridge (1) is disposed between said sheet discharge tray (33) and said inclined sheet supply tray (32). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 3, further comprising an open/close cover (9) for opening and closing said cartridge containing portion (S) in order to mount and dismount said process cartridge (1), wherein said sheet discharge tray (33) also acts as said open/close cover (9). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 1, wherein said sheet supply means (3) includes a sheet supply shaft (11) and a sheet supply roller (12) rotatably supported by said sheet supply shaft (11), and said sheet supply roller (12) can be mounted and dismounted along a direction transverse to an axis of said sheet supply shaft (12). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 5, further comprising a sheet supply cover (62) for covering said sheet supply roller (12), wherein said sheet supply cover (62) is supported by the main body (50) of the image forming apparatus (M) in such a manner that said sheet supply cover (62) can be opened and closed from a side of said cartridge containing portion (S). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 6, wherein said sheet supply cover (62) also acts as a guide for guiding the sheet fed out by said sheet supply roller (12) in a condition that said sheet supply roller (12) is covered by said sheet supply cover (62). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 1, wherein said sheet supply means (3) includes a sheet supply roller unit including a sheet supply shaft (11) and a substantially semi-circular sheet supply roller (12) rotatably supported by said sheet supply shaft (11), and further a pair of elastic sheet supply roller support portions (13) for holding both ends of said sheet supply roller (12) are provided on said sheet supply shaft (11) and at least two locking means (11d, 12d, 11e, 12e) for locking said sheet supply roller (12) to said sheet supply roller support portions (13) are provided between said sheet supply roller (12) and said sheet supply roller support portions (13), and at least one of said locking means (11d, 12d, 11e, 12e) is of snap-fit construction. An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 8, wherein said locking means (11d, 12d, 11e, 12e) comprises projections (12d, 12e) provided on one of said sheet supply roller (12) and said sheet supply roller support portions (13), and recesses (11d, 11e) provided on the other of said sheet supply roller (12) and said sheet supply roller support portions (13) and adapted to be engaged by said projections (12d, 12e). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 8, wherein said locking means includes a first projection (52a) and second projection (52d) provided on both sides of said sheet supply roller (52) in the vicinity of a sheet supply tip end portion (A) and in the vicinity of a sheet supply trail end portion (B), respectively, and a first recess (51c) and second recess (51d) provided in said sheet supply roller support portions to be engaged by said first and second projections (52a, 52d), wherein said second recesses (51d) are engaged by said second projections (52d) by snap-fit due to axial deformation of said sheet supply roller support portions (51b). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 10, wherein said first projections (12a) are pin-shaped projections and said second projections (12d) are prismatic projections, and said first recesses (11c) are grooves having one ends open to peripheries of said sheet supply roller support portions and said second recesses(11d) are prismatic recesses corresponding to said second prismatic projections. An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising a third locking means (11e, 12e) including recesses (11e) formed in the vicinity of the sheet supply trail end portion (B) of said sheet supply roller (12) and projections (12e) formed on said sheet supply roller support portions (11b) in correspondence to said recesses (11e). An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 8, wherein said locking means (11d, 12d, 11e, 12e) includes a first projection (12d) and second projection (12e) provided on said sheet supply roller (12) in the vicinity of a sheet supply tip end portion (A) and in the vicinity of a sheet supply trail end portion (B), respectively, and a first recess (11d) and second recess (11e) provided in said sheet supply roller support portions (11b) in correspondence to said first (12d) and second (12e) projections and adapted to engaged by said first (12d) and second (12e) projections. An image forming apparatus (M) according to claim 13, wherein said first recesses (51c) are straight grooves and said second recesses (51d) are L-shaped recesses including inlet side grooves and rear side grooves, and the grooves of said first recesses (51c) and said rear side grooves of said second recesses (51d) extend in parallel with a diametrical direction of said sheet supply shaft (51a), and said inlet side grooves of said second recesses (51d) extend in a direction perpendicular to said diametrical direction.

Inventors: ADACHI NOBUKAZU, HAMADA TATSUO, ADACHI, NOBUKAZU, HAMADA, TATSUO
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1998
Main classification: G03G21
IPC codes: G03G21, B65H3, G03G15