PRODUCTION OF MATURE PROTEINS IN PLANTS

Abstract: A method for producing one of the following proteins in transgenic monocot plant cells is disclosed: (i) mature, glycosylated alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature AAT produced in humans and a glycosylation pattern which increases serum halflife substantially over that of mature non-glycosylated AAT; (ii) mature, glycosylated antithrombin III (ATIII) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature ATIII produced in humans; (iii) mature human serum albumin (HSA) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature HSA produced in humans and having the folding pattern of native mature HSA as evidenced by its bilirubin-binding characteristics; and (iv) mature, active subtilisin BPN' (BPN') having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as BPN' produced in Bacillus. Monocot plants cells are transformed with a chimeric gene which includes a DNA coding sequence encoding a fusion protein having an (i) N-terminal moiety corresponding to a rice alpha -amylase signal sequence peptide and, (iii) immediately adjacent the C-terminal amino acid of said peptide, a protein moiety corresponding to the mature protein to be produced.

Description: Production of Mature Proteins in Plants Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the production of mature proteins in plant cells, and in particular, to the production of proteins in mature secreted form. Background of the Invention A major commercial focus of biotechnology is the recombinant production of proteins, including both industrial enzymes and proteins that have important therapeutic uses. Therapeutic proteins are commonly produced recombinantly by microbial expression systems, such as in E. coli and the yeast system S. cerevisiae. To date, the cost of recombinant proteins produced in a microbial host has limited the availability of a variety of therapeutically important proteins, such as human serum albumin (HSA) and αι -antitrypsin (AAT), to the extent that the proteins are in short supply. Some therapeutic proteins appear to rely on glycosylation for optimal activity or stability, and the general inability of microbial systems to glycosylate or properly glycosylate mammalian proteins has also limited the usefulness of these recombinant expression systems. In some cases, proper protein folding cannot take place, because of the need for mammalian-specific foldases or other folding conditions. To some extent, protein expression in cultured mammalian cells, or in transgenic animals may overcome the limitations of microbial expression systems. However, the cost per weight ratio of the protein is still high in mammalian expression systems, and the risk of protein contamination by mammalian viruses may be a significant regulatory problem. Protein production by transgenic animals also carries the risk of genetic variation from one generation to another. The attendant risk is variation in the recombinant protein produced, for example, variation in protein processing to yield a nature active protein with different N-terminal residue. It would therefore be desirable to produce selected therapeutic and industrial proteins in a protein expression system that largely overcomes problems associated with microbial and mammalian-cell systems. In particular, production of the proteins should allow large volume production at low cost, and yield properly processed and glycosylated proteins. The production system should also have a relatively stable genotype from generation to generation. These aims are achieved, in the present invention, for the therapeutic proteins AAT, HSA, and antithrombin III (ATHI), and the industrial enzyme subtilisin BPN'. Human ,-γrantitrypsin Human αι -antitrypsin (AAT) is a monomer with a molecular weight of about 52Kd. Normal AAT contains 394 residues, with three complex oligosaccharide units exposed to the surface of the molecule, linked to asparagines 46, 83, and 247 (Carrell, P., et al, Nature (1982) 298:329). AAT is the major plasma proteinase inhibitor whose primary function is to control the proteolytic activity of trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin in plasma. In particular, the protein is a potent inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, and a deficiency of AAT has been observed in a number of patients with chronic emphysema of the lungs. A proportion of individuals with serum deficiency of AAT may progress to cirrhosis and liver failure {e.g., Wu, Y., et al, BioEssa s 13(4): 163 (1991). Because of the key role of AAT as an elastase inhibitor, and because of the prevalence of genetic diseases resulting in deficient serum levels of AAT, there has been an active interest in recombinant synthesis of AAT, for human therapeutic use. To date, this approach has not been satisfactory for AAT produced by recombinant methods, for the reasons discussed above. Human Antithrombin III Antithrombin III (ATIII) is the major inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa, and to a lesser extent, other serine proteases generated during the coagulation process, e.g., factors IXa, XIa, and Xlla. The inhibitory effect of AΗII is accelerated dramatically by heparin. In patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, the prevalence of AΗII deficiency is 2- 3%. ATIII protein has been useful in treating hereditary AΗII deficiency and has wide clinical applications for the prevention of thrombosis in high risk situations, such as surgery and delivery, and for treating acute thrombotic episodes, when used in combination with heparin. ATIII is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 58,200, having 432 amino acids and containing three disulfide linkages and four asparagϊne-linked biantennary carbohydrate chains. Because of the key role of ATIII as an anti-thrombotic agent, and because of the broad clinical potential in anti-thrombosis therapy, there has been an active interest in recombinant synthesis of ATIII, for human therapeutic use. To date, this approach has not been satisfactory for ATEI produced by microbial or mammalian recombinant methods, for the reasons discussed above. Human Serum Albumin Serum albumin is the main protein component of plasma. Its main function is regulation of colloidal osmotic pressure in the bloodstream. Serum albumin binds numerous ions and small molecules, including Ca2 + , Na + , K + , fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and certain drugs. Human serum albumin (HSA) is expressed as a 609 amino acid prepro-protein which is further processed by removal of an amino-terminal peptide and an additional six amino acid residues to form the mature protein. The mature protein found in human serum is a monomeric, unglycosylated protein 585 amino acids in length (66 kDal), with a globular structure maintained by 17 disulfide bonds. The pattern of disulfide links forms a structural unit of one small and two large disulfide-Iinked double loops (Geisow, M.J. et al. (1977) Biochem. J. 163:477-484) which forms a high-affinity bilirubin binding site. HSA is used to expand blood volume and raise low blood protein levels in cases of shock, trauma, and post-surgical recovery. HSA is often administered in emergency situations to stabilize blood pressure. Because of the key role of HSA as an osmotic stabilizing agent, and because of its broad clinical potential in, e.g., plasma replacement therapy, there has been an active interest in recombinant synthesis of HSA for human therapeutic use. This approach has not been satisfactory for HSA produced by microbial or mammalian recombinant methods, for the reasons discussed above. Subtilisin BPN' Subtilisin BPN' (BPN') is an important industrial enzyme, particularly for use as a detergent enzyme. Several groups have reported amino acid substitution modifications of the enzyme that are effective in enhancing the activity, pH optimum, stability and/or therapeutic use of the enzyme. BPN' is expressed in as a 381 amino acid preproenzyme, including 35 amino acid sequence required for secretion and a 77 amino acid moiety which serves as a chaperon to facilitate folding. Studies indicate that the pro moiety acts in trans outside of cells. To date, large-scale production of BPN' is predominantly by microbial fermentation, which has relatively high costs associated with it. In addition, the enzyme tends to auto-degrade at optimal fermentation growth-medium conditions. Summary of the Invention In one aspect, the invention includes a method of producing, in monocot plant cells, a mature heterologous protein selected from the group consisting of (i) mature, glycosylated αι - antitrypsin (AAT) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature AAT produced in humans and a glycosylation pattern which increases serum halflife substantially over that of non- glycosylated mature AAT; (ii) mature, glycosylated antithrombin III (AΗII) having the same N- terminal amino acid sequence as mature ATIII produced in humans; (iii) mature human serum albumin (HSA) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature HSA produced in humans and having the folding pattern of native mature HSA as evidenced by its bilirubin-binding characteristics; and (iv) mature, active subtilisin BPN' (BPN'), glycosylated or non-glycosylated, having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as BPN' produced in Bacillus. The method includes obtaining monocot cells transformed with a chimeric gene having (i) a monocot transcriptional regulatory region, inducible by addition or removal of a small molecule, or during seed maturation, (ii) a first DNA sequence encoding the heterologous protein, and (iii) a second DNA sequence encoding a signal peptide. The second DNA sequence is operably linked to the transcriptional regulatory region and to the first DNA sequence. The first DNA sequence is in translation-frame with the second DNA sequence, and the two sequences encode a fusion protein. The transformed cells are cultivated under conditions effective to induce the transcriptional regulatory region, thereby promoting expression of the fusion protein and secretion of the mature heterologous protein from the transformed cells. The mature heterologous protein produced by the transformed cells is then isolated. In one embodiment of the method, the first DNA sequence encodes pro-subtilisin BPN' (proBPN'), the cultivating includes cultivating the transformed cells at a pH between 5 and 6, and the isolating step includes incubating the proBPN' to under condition effective to allow its autoconversion to active mature BPN'. In another embodiment, the first DNA sequence encodes mature BPN', and the cells are transformed with a second chimeric gene containing (i) a transcriptional regulatory region inducible by addition or removal of a small molecule, (ii) a third DNA sequence encoding the pro-peptide moiety of BPN', and (iii) a fourth DNA sequence encoding a signal polypeptide. The fourth DNA sequence is operably linked to d e transcriptional regulatory region and to the third DNA sequence, and the signal polypeptide is in translation-frame with the pro-peptide moiety and is effective to facilitate secretion of expressed pro-peptide moiety from the transformed cells. The cultivating step includes cultivating the transformed cells at a pH between 5 and 6, and the isolating step includes incubating the mature BPN' and the pro-moiety under conditions effective to allow the conversion of BPN' by the pro- moiety to active mature BPN'. In another embodiment of the method, the signal peptide is the RAmy3D signal peptide (SEQ ID NO:l) or the RAmylA signal peptide (SEQ ID NO:4). The coding sequence of the signal peptide may be a codon-optimized sequence, such as the codon-optimized RAmy3D sequence identified as SEQ ID NO:3. The first DNA sequence may also be codon-optimized. Exemplary codon-optimized signal peptide-heterologous protein fusion protein coding sequences include 3D- AAT (SEQ ID NO:18), 3D-AΗII (SEQ ID NO:19), and 3D-HSA (SEQ ID NO:20). The first DNA sequence may further contain codon substitutions which eliminate one or more potential glycosylation sites present in the native amino acid sequence of the heterologous protein, such as the codon-optimized sequence encoding 3D-proBPN * (SEQ ID NO:21). In other embodiments of the method, the transcriptional regulatory region may be a promoter derived from a rice or barley α -amylase gene, including RAmylA, RAmylB, RAmy2A, RAmy3A, RAmy3B, RAmy3C, RAmy3D, RAmy3E, pM/C, gKAmyl41, gKAmyl55, Amy32b, or HV18. The chimeric gene may further include, between the transcriptional regulatory region and the fusion protein coding sequence, the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of an inducible monocot gene such as one of the rice or barley α -amylase genes described above. One preferred 5' UTR is that from the RAmylA gene, which is effective to enhance the stability of the gene transcript. The chimeric gene may further include, downstream of the coding sequence, the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) from an inducible monocot gene, such as one of the rice or barley α -amylase genes mentioned above. One preferred 3' UTR is from the RAmylA gene. Where the method is employed in protein production in a monocot cell culture, preferred promoters are the RAmy3D and RAmy3E gene promoters, which are upregulated by sugar depletion in cell culture. Where the gene is employed in protein production in germinating seeds, a preferred promoter is the RAmylA gene promoter, which is upregulated by gibberellic acid during seed germination. Where gene is upregulated during seed maturation, a preferred promoter is the barley endosperm-specific Bl-hordein promoter. The invention also includes a mature heterologous protein produced by the above method. The protein has a glycosylation pattern characteristic of the monocot plant in which the protein is produced. The glycosyated protein is selected from the group consisting of (i) mature glycosylated αι -antitrypsin (AAT) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature AAT produced in humans and having a glycosylation pattern which increases serum halflife substantially over that of non-glycosylated mature AAT; (ii) mature glycosylated antithrombin III (ATIII) having the same N- terminal amino acid sequence as mature AΗII produced in humans; and (iii) mature glycosylated subtilisin BPN' (BPN') having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as BPN' produced in Bacillus. The invention also includes plant cells and seeds capable of producing the mature heterologous proteins according to the above method. These and other objects and features of the invention will be more fully understood when the following detailed description of the invention is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Figures Fig. 1 shows, in the lower row, the amino acid sequence of a RAmy3D signal sequence portion employed in the invention, identified as SEQ ID NO:l; in the middle row, the corresponding native coding sequence, identified as SEQ ID NO:2; and in the upper row, a corresponding codon-optimized sequence, identified as SEQ ID NO:3; Fig. 2 illustrates the components of a chimeric gene constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate the construction of an exemplary transformation vector for use in transforming a monocot plant, for production of a mature protein in cell culture in accordance with one embodiment of the invention (native mature AAT coding sequence under control of the RAmy3D promoter and signal sequence); Fig. 4 illustrates factors in the metabolic regulation of AAT production in rice cell culture; Fig. 5 shows immunodetection of AAT using antibody raised against the C-terminal region of AAT; Fig. 6 shows Western blot analysis of AAT produced by transformed rice cell lines 18F, 11B, and 27F; Fig. 7 shows the time course of elastase:AAT complex formation in human and rice- produced forms of AAT; Fig. 8 shows an N-terminal sequence for mature αι -antitrypsin (AAT) produced in accordance with the invention, identified herein as SEQ ID NO:22; Fig. 9 shows a Western blot of ATIII produced in accordance with the invention; Fig. 10 shows a Western blot of plant-produced BPN', comparing expression from codon- optimized and native coding sequences; Fig. 11 compares the specific activity of BPN' codon-optimized (AP106) vs. BPN' native (AP101) expression in rice callus cell culture; and Fig. 12 shows a western blot of HSA produced in germinating seeds in accordance with the invention. Brief Description of the Sequences SEQ ID NO:l is the amino acid sequence of the RAmy3D signal peptide; SEQ ID NO:2 is the native sequence encoding the RAmy3D signal peptide; SEQ ID NO:3 is a codon-optimized sequence encoding the RAmy3D signal peptide; SEQ ID NO:4 is the amino acid sequence of the RAmylA signal peptide; SEQ ID NO:5 is the 5' UTR derived from the RAmylA gene; SEQ ID NO:6 is the 3' UTR derived from the RAmylA gene; SEQ ID NO:7 is the amino acid sequence of mature αr antitrypsin (AAT); SEQ ID NO: 8 is the native DNA coding sequence of mature AAT; SEQ ID NO:9 is the amino acid sequence of mature antithrombin III (AT111); SEQ ID NO: 10 is the native DNA coding sequence of mature AT111; SEQ ID NO: 11 is the amino acid sequence of mature human serum albumin (HSA); SEQ ID NO: 12 is the native DNA coding sequence of mature HSA; SEQ ID NO: 13 is the amino acid sequence of native proBPN'; SEQ ID NO: 14 is the native DNA coding sequence of proBPN'; SEQ ID NO: 15 is the amino acid sequence of the "pro" moiety of BPN'; SEQ ID NO: 16 is the amino acid sequence of native mature BPN'; SEQ ID NO: 17 is the amino acid sequence of a mature BPN' variant in which all potential N-glycosylation sites are removed according to Table 2; SEQ ID NO: 18 is a codon-optimized sequence encoding the RAmy3D signal sequence/mature αι -antitrypsin fusion protein; SEQ ID NO: 19 is a sequence encoding the RAmy3D signal sequence/mature antithrombin III fusion protein, with a codon-optimized RAmy3D coding sequence fused to the native mature ATIII coding sequence; SEQ ID NO:20 is a sequence encoding the RAmy3D signal sequence/mature human serum albumin fusion protein, with a codon-optimized RAmy3D coding sequence fused to the native mature HSA coding sequence; SEQ ID NO:21 is a codon-optimized sequence encoding the RAmy3D signal sequence/prosubtilisin BPN' fusion protein; SEQ ID NO: 22 is the N-terminal sequence of mature ι -antitrypsin produced in accordance with the invention; SEQ ID NO:23 is an oligonucleotide used to prepare the intermediate p3DProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:24 is the complement of SEQ ID NO:23; SEQ ID NO:25 is an oligonucleotide used to prepare the intermediate p3DProSigENDlink construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:26 is the complement of SEQ ID NO:25; SEQ ID NO:27 is one of six oligonucleotides used to prepare the intermediate plAProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:28 is one of six oligonucleotides used to prepare the intermediate plAProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:29 is one of six oligonucleotides used to prepare the intermediate plAProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:30 is one of six oligonucleotides used to prepare the intermediate plAProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:31 is one of six oligonucleotides used to prepare the intermediate plAProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:32 is one of six oligonucleotides used to prepare the intermediate plAProSig construct of Example 1; SEQ ID NO:33 is the N-terminal primer used to PCR-amplify the AAT coding sequence according to Example 1; and SEQ ID NO: 34 is me C-terminal primer used to PCR-amplify the AAT coding sequence according to Example 1. Detailed Description of the Invention I. Definitions: The terms below have the following meaning, unless indicated otherwise in the specification. "Cell culture" refers to cells and cell clusters, typically callus cells, growing on or suspended in a suitable growth medium. "Germination" refers to the breaking of dormancy in a seed and the resumption of metabolic activity in the seed, including the production of enzymes effective to break down starches in the seed endosperm. "Inducible" means a promoter that is upregulated by the presence or absence of a small molecules. It includes both indirect and direct inducement. "Inducible during germination" refers to promoters which are substantially silent but not totally silent prior to germination but are turned on substantially (greater than 25%) during germination and development in the seed. Examples of promoters that are inducible during germination are presented below. "Small molecules", in the context of promoter induction, are typically small organic or bioorganic molecules less than about 1 kDal. Examples of such small molecules include sugars, sugar-derivatives (including phosphate derivatives), and plant hormones (such as, gibberellic or absissic acid). "Specifically regulatable" refers to the ability of a small molecule to preferentially affect transcription from one promoter or group of promoters (e.g., the α -amylase gene family), as opposed to non-specific effects, such as, enhancement or reduction of global transcription within a cell by a small molecule. "Seed maturation" or "grain development" refers to the period starting with fertilization in which metabolizable reserves, e.g., sugars, oligosaccharides, starch, phenolics, amino acids, and proteins, are deposited, with and without vacuole targeting, to various tissues in the seed (grain), e.g., endosperm, testa, aleurone layer, and scutellar epithelium, leading to grain enlargement, grain filling, and ending with grain desiccation. "Inducible during seed maturation" refers to promoters which are turned on substantially (greater than 25%) during seed maturation. "Heterologous DNA" or "foreign DNA" refers to DNA which has been introduced into plant cells from ano er source, or which is from a plant source, including the same plant source, but which is under the control of a promoter or terminator that does not normally regulate expression of the heterologous DNA. "Heterologous protein" is a protein, including a polypeptide, encoded by a heterologous DNA. A "transcription regulatory region" or "promoter" refers to nucleic acid sequences that influence and/or promote initiation of transcription. Promoters are typically considered to include regulatory regions, such as enhancer or inducer elements. A "chimeric gene," in the context of the present invention, typically comprises a promoter sequence operably linked to DNA sequence that encodes a heterologous gene product, e.g., a selectable marker gene or a fusion protein gene. A chimeric gene may also contain further transcription regulatory elements, such as transcription termination signals, as well as translation regulatory signals, such as, termination codons. "Operably linked" refers to components of a chimeric gene or an expression cassette that function as a unit to express a heterologous protein. For example, a promoter operably linked to a heterologous DNA, which encodes a protein, promotes the production of functional mRNA corresponding to the heterologous DNA. A "product" encoded by a DNA molecule includes, for example, RNA molecules and polypeptides. "Removal" in the context of a metabolite includes both physical removal as by washing and the depletion of the metabolite through the absorption and metabolizing of the metabolite by the cells. "Substantially isolated" is used in several contexts and typically refers to the at least partial purification of a protein or polypeptide away from unrelated or contaminating components. Methods and procedures for the isolation or purification of proteins or polypeptides are known in the art. "Stably transformed" as used herein refers to a cereal cell or plant that has foreign nucleic acid stably integrated into its genome which is transmitted through multiple generations. " αι -antitrypsin or "AAT" refers to the protease inhibitor which has an amino acid sequence substantially identical or homologous to AAT protein identified by SEQ ID NO:7. "Antithrombin III" or "ATIII" refers to the heparin-activated inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa, and which has an amino acid sequence substantially identical or homologous to ATJJl protein identified by SEQ ID NO:9. "Human serum albumin" or "HSA" refers to a protein which has an amino acid sequence " substantially identical or homologous to the mature HSA protein identified by SEQ ID NO: 11. "Subtilisin" or "subtilisin BPN'" or "BPN"' refers to the protease enzyme produced naturally by B. amyloliquefaciens, and having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or a sequence homologous therewith. "proBPN"' refers to a form of BPN' having an approximately 78 amino-acid "pro" moiety that functions as a chaperon polypeptide to assist in folding and activation of the BPN', and having the sequence in SEQ ID NO: 13, or a sequence homologous therewith. "Codon optimization" refers to changes in the coding sequence of a gene to replace native codons with those corresponding to optimal codons in the host plant. A DNA sequence is "derived from" a gene, such as a rice or barley α -amylase gene, if it corresponds in sequence to a segment or region of that gene. Segments of genes which may be derived from a gene include me promoter region, the 5' untranslated region, and the 3' untranslated region of the gene. II. Transformed plant cells The plants used in the process of the present invention are derived from monocots, particularly the members of the taxonomic family known as the Gramineae. This family includes all members of the grass family of which the edible varieties are known as cereals. The cereals include a wide variety of species such as wheat (Triticum sps.), rice (Oryza sps.) barley (Hordeum sps.) oats, (Avena sps.) rye (Secale sps.), corn (Zea sps.) and millet (Pennisettum sps.). In the present invention, preferred family members are rice and barley. Plant cells or tissues derived from the members of the family are transformed with expression constructs (i.e., plasmid DNA into which the gene of interest has been inserted) using a variety of standard techniques (e.g., electroporation, protoplast fusion or microparticle bombardment). The expression construct includes a transcription regulatory region (promoter) whose transcription is specifically upregulated by the presence of absence of a small molecule, such as the reduction or depletion of sugar, e.g., sucrose, in culture medium, or in plant tissues, e.g., germinating seeds. In me present invention, particle bombardment is the preferred transformation procedure. The construct also includes a gene encoding a mature heterologous protein in a form suitable for secretion from plant cells. The gene encoding the recombinant heterologous protein is placed under the control of a metabolically regulated promoter. Metabolically regulated promoters are those in which mRNA synthesis or transcription, is repressed or upregulated by a small metabolite or hormone molecule, such as the rice RAmy3D and RAmy3E promoters, which are upregulated by sugar-depletion in cell culture. For protein production in germinating seeds from regenerated transgenic plants, a preferred promoter is the Ramy 1A promoter, which is up-regulated by gibberellic acid during seed germination. The expression construct also utilizes additional regulatory DNA sequences e.g., preferred codons, termination sequences, to promote efficient translation of AAT, as will be described. A. Plant Expression Vector Expression vectors for use in the present invention comprise a chimeric gene (or expression cassette), designed for operation in plants, with companion sequences upstream and downstream from the expression cassette. The companion sequences will be of plasmid or viral origin and provide necessary characteristics to the vector to permit the vectors to move DNA from bacteria to the desired plant host. Suitable transformation vectors are described in related application PCT WO 95/14099, published May 25, 1995, which is incorporated by reference herein. Suitable components of the expression vector, including an inducible promoter, coding sequence for a signal peptide, coding sequence for a mature heterologous protein, and suitable termination sequences are discussed below. One exemplary vector is the p3D(AAT)vl.O vector illustrated in Figs 3A and 3B. Al. Promoters The transcription regulatory or promoter region is chosen to be regulated in a manner allowing for induction under selected cultivation conditions, e.g., sugar depletion in culture or water uptake followed by gibberellic acid production in germinating seeds. Suitable promoters, and their method of selection are detailed in above-cited PCT application WO 95/14099. Examples of such promoters include those that transcribe the cereal α -amylase genes and sucrose synthase genes, and are repressed or induced by small molecules, like sugars, sugar depletion or phytohormones such as gibberellic acid or absissic acid. Representative promoters include the promoters from the rice α -amylase RAmylA, RAmylB, RAmy2A, RAmy3A, RAmy3B, RAmy3C, RAmy3D, and RAmy3E genes, and from the pM/C, gKAmyl41, gKAmyl55, Amy32b, and HV18 barley α - amylase genes. These promoters are described, for example, in ADVANCES IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Ryu, D.D.Y., et al, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, p.37, and references cited therein. Other suitable promoters include the sucrose synthase and sucrose-6-phosphate-synthetase (SPS) promoters from rice and barley. Other suitable promoters include promoters which are regulated in a manner allowing for induction under seed-maturation conditions. Examples of such promoters include those associated with the following monocot storage proteins: rice glutelins, oryzins, and prolamines, barley hordeins, wheat gliadins and glutelins, maize zeins and glutelins, oat glutelins, and sorghum kafirins, millet pennisetins, and rye secalins. A preferred promoter for expression in germinating seeds is the rice α -amylase RAmylA promoter, which is upregulated by gibberellic acid. Preferred promoters for expression in cell culture are the rice α -amylase RAmy3D and RAmy3E promoters which are strongly upregulated by sugar depletion in the culture. These promoters are also active during seed germination. A preferred promoter for expression in maturing seeds is the barley endosperm-specific Bl-hordein promoter (Brandt, A., et al, (1985) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 50:333-345). The chimeric gene may further include, between the promoter and coding sequences, the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of an inducible monocot gene, such as the 5' UTR derived from one of the rice or barley α -amylase genes mentioned above. One preferred 5' UTR is that derived from the RAmylA gene, which is effective to enhance the stability of the gene transcript. This 5' UTR has the sequence given by SEQ ID NO: 5 herein. A2. Signal Sequences In addition to encoding the protein of interest, the chimeric gene encodes a signal sequence (or signal peptide) that allows processing and translocation of the protein, as appropriate. Suitable signal sequences are described in above-referenced PCT application WO 95/14099. One preferred signal sequence is identified as SEQ ID NO:l and is derived from the RAmy3D promoter. Another preferred signal sequence is identified as SEQ ID NO:4 and is derived from the RAmylA promoter. The plant signal sequence is placed in frame with a heterologous nucleic acid encoding a mature protein, forming a construct which encodes a fusion protein having an N-terminal region corresponding to the signal peptide and, immediately adjacent to the C-terminal amino acid of the signal peptide, the N-terminal amino acid of the mature heterologous protein. The expressed fusion protein is subsequently secreted and processed by signal peptidase cleavage precisely at the junction of the signal peptide and the mature protein, to yield the mature heterologous protein. In another embodiment of the invention, the coding sequence in die fusion protein gene, in at least the coding region for the signal sequence, may be codon-optimized for optimal expression in plant cells, e.g., rice cells, as described below. The upper row in Fig. 1 shows one codon- optimized coding sequence for the RAmy3D signal sequence, identified herein as SEQ ID NO:3. A3. Naturally-Occurring Heterologous Protein Coding Sequences (i) P1 -Antitrypsin: Mature human AAT is composed of 394 amino acids, having the sequence identified herein as SEQ ID NO:7. The protein has N-glycosylation sites at asparagines 46, 83 and 247. The corresponding native DNA coding sequence is identified herein as SEQ ID NO:8. (ii) Antithrombin III: Mature human ATM is composed of 432 amino acids, having the sequence identified herein as SEQ ID NO:9. The protein has N-glycosylation sites at the four asparagine residues 96, 135, 155, and 192. The corresponding native DNA coding sequence is identified herein as SEQ ID NO: 10. (iii) Human serum albumin: Mature HSA as found in human serum is composed of 585 amino acids, having the sequence identified herein as SEQ ID NO: 11. The protein has no N-linked glycosylation sites. The corresponding native DNA coding sequence is identified herein as SEQ ID NO:12. (iv) Subtilisin BPN': Native proBPN' as produced in B. amyloliquefaciens is composed of 352 amino acids, having the sequence identified herein as SEQ ID NO: 13, The corresponding native DNA coding sequence is identified herein as SEQ ID NO: 14. The proBPN' polypeptide contains a 77 amino acid "pro" moiety which is identified herein as SEQ ID NO: 15. The remainder of the polypeptide, which forms the mature active BPN', is a 275 amino acid sequence identified herein by SEQ ID NO: 16. Native BPN' as produced in Bacillus is not glycosylated. A4. Codon-Optimized Coding Sequences In accordance with one aspect of the invention, it has been discovered that a severalfold enhancement of expression level can be achieved in plant cell culture by modifying the native coding sequence of a heterologous gene by contain predominantly or exclusively, highest-frequency codons found in the plant cell host. The method will be illustrated for expression of a heterologous gene in rice plant cells, it being recognized that the method is generally applicable to any monocot. As a first step, a representative set of known coding gene sequence from rice is assembled. The sequences are then analyzed for codon frequency for each amino acid, and the most frequent codon is selected for each amino acid. This approach differs from earlier reported codon matching methods, in which more than one frequent codon is selected for at least some of the amino acids. The optimal codons selected in this manner for rice and barley are shown in Table 1. Table 1 As indicated above, the fusion protein coding sequence in die chimeric gene is constructed such that the final (C-terminal) codon in the signal sequence is immediately followed by the codon for the N-terminal amino acid in the mature form of the heterologous protein. Exemplary fusion protein genes, in accordance witii the present invention, are identified herein as follows: SEQ ID NO: 18, corresponding to codon-optimized coding sequences of me fusion protein consisting of RAmy3D signal sequence/mature αι -antitrypsin; SEQ ID NO: 19, corresponding to the fusion protein coding sequence consisting of the codon-optimized RAmy3D signal sequence and me native mature antithrombin III sequence; SEQ ID NO:20, corresponding to the fusion protein coding sequence consisting of the codon-optimized RAmy3D signal sequence and die native mature human serum albumin sequence; SEQ ID NO:21, corresponding to codon-optimized coding sequence of the fusion protein RAmy3D signal sequence/prosubtilisin BPN'. In this instance, prosubtilisin is considered the "mature" protein, in that secreted prosubtilisin can autocatalyze to active, mature subtilisin. In a preferred embodiment, the BPN' coding sequence is further modified to eliminate potential N-glycosylation sites, as native BPN' is not glycosylated. Table 2 illustrates preferred codon substitutions, which eliminate all potential N-glycosylation sites in subtilisin BPN'. SEQ ID NO: 17 corresponds to a mature BPN' amino acid sequence containing the substitutions presented in Table 2. Table 2 'improved thermostability; Bryan, et al., Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 326 (1986). A5. Transcription and Translation Terminators The chimeric gene may also include, downstream of the coding sequence, die 3' untranslated region (3 ' UTR) from an inducible monocot gene, such as one of the rice or barley α - amylase genes mentioned above. One preferred 3' UTR is that derived from me RAmylA gene, whose sequence is given by SEQ ID NO:6. This sequence includes non-coding sequence 5' to me polyadenylation site, die polyadenylation site, and die transcription termination sequence. The transcriptional termination region may be selected, particularly for stability of the mRNA to enhance expression. Polyadenylation tails (Alber and Kawasaki, 1982, Mol. and Appl. Genet. 1:419-434) are also commonly added to the expression cassette to optimize high levels of transcription and proper transcription termination, respectively. Polyadenylation sequences include but are not limited to the Agrobacterium octopine synthetase signal (Gielen, et al, EMBO J. 3:835- 846 (1984) or the nopaline synthase of the same species (Depicker, et al., Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:561- 573 (1982). Since the ultimate expression of the heterologous protein will be in a eukaryotic cell (in this case, a member of the grass family), it is desirable to determine whether any portion of me cloned gene contains sequences which will be processed out as introns by die host's splicing machinery. If so, site-directed mutagenesis of the "intron" region may be conducted to prevent losing a portion of the genetic message as a false intron code (Reed and Maniatis, Cell 4*1:95-105 (1985). Fig. 2 shows the elements of one preferred chimeric gene constructed in accordance widi the invention, and intended particularly for use in protein expression in a rice cell suspension culture. The gene includes, in a 5' to 3' direction, me promoter from the RAmy3D gene, which is inducible in cell culture with sugar depletion, the 5' UTR from the RAmylA gene, which confers enhanced stability on the gene transcript, the RAmy3D signal sequence coding region, as identified above, die coding region of a heterologous protein to be produced, and a 3' UTR region from the RAmylA gene. III. Plant Transformation For transformation of plants, the chimeric gene is placed in a suitable expression vector designed for operation in plants. The vector includes suitable elements of plasmid or viral origin that provide necessary characteristics to the vector to permit the vectors to move DNA from bacteria to the desired plant host. Suitable transformation vectors are described in related application PCT WO 95/14099, published May 25, 1995, which is incorporated by reference herein. Suitable components of the expression vector, including the chimeric gene described above, are discussed below. One exemplary vector is the p3Dvl.O vector described in Example 1. A. Transformation Vector Vectors containing a chimeric gene of the present invention may also include selectable markers for use in plant cells (such as the nptll kanamycin resistance gene, for selection in kanamycin-containing or the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene, for selection in medium containing phosphinothricin (PPT). The vectors may also include sequences mat allow their selection and propagation in a secondary host, such as sequences containing an origin of replication and a selectable marker such as antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes, e.g., HPH (Hagio et al, Plant Cell Reports 14:329 (1995); van der Elzer, Plant Mol. Biol. 5:299-302 (1985). Typical secondary hosts include bacteria and yeast. In one embodiment, the secondary host is Escherichia coli, the origin of replication is a colEl-type, and die selectable marker is a gene encoding ampicillin resistance. Such sequences are well known in the art and are commercially available as well (e.g., Clontech, Palo Alto, CA; Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). The vectors of the present invention may also be modified to intermediate plant transformation plasmids that contain a region of homology to an Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector, a T-DNA border region from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and chimeric genes or expression cassettes (described above). Further, the vectors of the invention may comprise a disarmed plant tumor inducing plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The vector described in Example 1, and having a promoter from me RAmy3D gene, is suitable for use in a method of mature protein production in cell culture, where the RAmy3D promoter is induced by sugar depletion in cell culture medium. Other promoters may be selected for other applications, as indicated above. For example, for mature protein expression in germinating seeds, me coding sequence may be placed under me control of the rice α -amylase RAmylA promoter, which is inducible by gibberellic acid during seed germination. B. Transformation of plant cells Various methods for direct or vectored transformation of plant cells, e.g., plant protoplast cells, have been described, e.g., in above-cited PCT application WO 95/14099. As noted in mat reference, promoters directing expression of selectable markers used for plant transformation (e.g., nptll) should operate effectively in plant hosts. One such promoter is the nos promoter from native Ti plasmids (Herrera-Estrella, et al, Nature 303:209-213 (1983). Others include the 35S and 19S promoters of cauliflower mosaic virus (Odell, et al, Nature 313:810-812 (1985) and die 2' promoter (Velten, et al. , EMBO J. 3:2723-2730 (1984). In one preferred embodiment, me embryo and endosperm of mature seeds are removed to exposed scutulum tissue cells. The cells may be transformed by DNA bombardment or injection, or by vectored transformation, e.g., by Agrobacterium infection after bombarding me scuteller cells with microparticles to make them susceptible to Agrobacterium infection (Bidney et al. , Plant Mol. Biol. 18:301-313, 1992). One preferred transformation follows the me iods detailed generally in Sivamani, E. et al., Plant Cell Reports 15:465 (1996); Zhang, S., et al, Plant Cell Reports 15:465 (1996); and Li, L., et al, Plant Cell Reports 12:250 (1993). Briefly, rice seeds are sterilized by standard methods, and callus induction from the seeds is carried out on MB media with 2,4D. During a first incubation period, callus tissue forms around the embryo of the seed. By die end of die incubation period, (e.g., 14 days at 28°C) the calli are about 0.25 to 0.5 cm in diameter. Callus mass is men detached from the seed, and placed on fresh NB media, and incubated again for about 14 days at 28°C. After the second incubation period, satellite calli developed around die original "mother" callus mass. These satellite calli were slightiy smaller, more compact and defined dian die original tissue. It was these calli were transferred to fresh media. The "mother " calli was not transferred. The goal was to select only the strongest, most vigorous growing tissue for further culture. Calli to be bombarded are selected from 14-day-old subcultures. The size, shape, color and density are all important in selecting calli in me optimal physiological condition for transformation. The calli should be between .8 and 1.1 mm in diameter. The calli should appear as spherical masses with a rough exterior. Transformation is by particle bombardment, as detailed in the references cited above. After me transformation steps, the cells are typically grown under conditions that permit expression of the selectable marker gene. In a preferred embodiment, die selectable marker gene is HPH. It is preferred to culture the transformed cells under multiple rounds of selection to produce a uniformly stable transformed cell line. IV. Cell Culture Production of Mature Heterologous Protein Transgenic cells, typically callus cells, are cultured under conditions that favor plant cell growth, until the cells reach a desired cell density, tiien under conditions diat favor expression of the mature protein under the control of the given promoter. Preferred culture conditions are described below and in Example 2. Purification of me mature protein secreted into me medium is by standard techniques known by those of skill in the art. Production of mature AAT: In a preferred embodiment, me culture medium contains a phosphate buffer, e.g., me 20 IDM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 described in Example 2, to reduce AAT degradation catalyzed by metals. Alternatively, or in addition, a metal chelating agent, such as EDTA, may be added to me medium. Following e cell culture method described in Example 2, cell culture media was partially purified and the fraction containing AAT was analyzed by Western blot, as shown in Fig. 4. The first two lanes ("phosphate") show AAT bands both in the presence and absence of elastase ("+E" and "-E"), where the higher molecular weight bands in the presence of elastase correspond roughly to a 58-59 kdal AAT/elastase complex. Also as seen in me figure, expression was high in the absence of sucrose, but nearly undetectable in the presence of sucrose. To ascertain the degree of glycosylation (as determined by apparent molecular weight by SDS-PAGE) the protein produced in culture was fractionated by SDS-PAGE and immunodetected widi a labeled antibody raised against the C-terminal portion of AAT, as shown in Fig. 5. Lane 4 contains human AAT, and its migration position corresponds to about 52 kdal. In lane 3 is me plant-produced AAT, having an apparent molecular weight of about 49-50 kdal, indicating an extent of glycosylation of up to 60-80% of the glycosylation found in human AAT (non-glycosylated AAT has a molecular weight of 45 kdal). Similar results are shown in the Western blots in Fig. 6. Lanes 1-3 in this figure correspond to decreasing amount (15, 10, and 5 ng) of human AAT; lane 4, to 10 μl supernatant from a non-expressing plant cell line; lanes 5 and 6, to 10 nl supernatant from AAT-expressing plant cell lines 11B and 27F, respectively, and lane 7, to 10 nl supernatant from cell line 27F plus 250 ng trypsin. The upward mobility shift in lane 7 is indicative of association between trypsin and die plant-produced AAT. The ability of plant-produced AAT to bind to elastase is demonstrated in Fig. 7, which shows the shift in molecular weight over a 30 minute binding interval for the 52 kdal human AAT (lanes 1-4) and the 49-50 kdal plant-produced AAT. To demonstrate that the mature protein is produced in secreted form, with the desired N- terminus, a chimeric gene constructed as above, and having the coding sequence for mature aι - antitrypsin was expressed and secreted in cell culture as described in Example 2. The isolated protein was then sequenced at its N-terminal region, yielding the N-terminal sequence shown in Fig. 8. This sequence, which is identified herein as SEQ ID NO:22, has me same N-terminal residues as native mature ι -antitrypsin. Production of mature ATIII: In a preferred embodiment, the culture medium contains a MES buffer, pH 6.8. Western blot analysis of the ATIII protein produced, shown in lanes 4 and 6 in Fig. 9, shows a band corresponding to ATIII (lane 1) in cell lines 42 and 46, when grown in the absence (but not in the presence) of sucrose. Production of mature BPN': In one embodiment of the invention, in which BPN' is secreted as the proBPN' form of the enzyme, the chaperon "pro" moiety of the enzyme facilitates enzyme folding and is cleaved from me enzyme, leaving the active mature form of BPN'. In another embodiment, me mature enzyme is co-expressed and co-secreted widi me "pro" chaperon moiety, with conversion of the enzyme to active form occurring in presence of the free chaperon (Eder et al, Biochem. (1993) 32:18-26; Eder et al, (1993) J. Mol. Biol 223:293-304). In yet another embodiment of die invention, the BPN' is secreted in inactive form at a pH that may be in the 6-8 range, with subsequent activation of the inactive form, e.g., after enzyme isolation, by exposure to the "pro" chaperon moiety, e.g., immobilized to a solid support. In bo of these embodiments, me culture medium is maintained at a pH of between 5 and 6, preferably about 5.5 during the period of active expression and secretion of BPN', to keep the BPN', which is normally active at alkaline pH, at a pH below optimal activity. Codon optimization to me host plant's most frequent codons yielded a severalfold enhancement in the level of expressed heterologous protein in cell culture as shown in Fig. 11. The extent of enhancement is seen from the Western blot analysis shown in Fig. 10 for two cells lines and further substantiated in Fig. 11. Lane 2 (second from left) in Fig. 10 shows a Western blot of BPN' obtained in culture from cells transformed widi a native proBPN' coding sequence. Two bands observed correspond to a lower molecular weight protein whose approximately 35 kdal molecular weight corresponds to tiiat of proBPN'. The upper band corresponds to a somewhat higher molecular weight species, possibly glycosylated. The first lane in the figure shows BPN' polypeptides produced in culture by plant cells transformed wi i the codon-optimized proBPN' sequence identified by SEQ ID NO:21. For comparative purposes, the same volume of culture medium, adjusted for cell density, was applied in both lanes 1 and 2. As seen, the amount of BPN' enzyme produced with a codon-optimized sequence was severalfold higher than for subtilisin BPN' produced widi die native coding sequence. Further, a dark band or bands corresponding to mature peptide (molecular weight 27.5 kdal) was observed. However, it should be noted tiiat directiy above die band at 35kD is a more pronounced band which may be pro mature product yet to be cleaved into active form. Fig. 11 compares the specific activity of BPN' codon-optimized (AP106) versus BPN' native (AP101) expression in rice callus cell culture, assayed using the chromogenic peptide substrate suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA as described by DelMar, E.G. et al. (1979; Anal. Biochem. 99:316-320). As shown if Fig. 11, several of the cell lines transformed widi codon-optimized chimeric genes produced levels of BPN', as evidenced by measured specific activity in culture medium, mat were 2-5 times the highest levels observed for plant cells transformed with native proBPN' sequence. In accordance widi another aspect of the invention, it has been found d at the transformed plant cell culture is able to express and secrete BPN' at a cell culture pH, pH 5.5, which largely inhibits self-degradation of mature, active BPN'. To assay for optimal pH conditions, the assay disclosed in DelMar, et al. (supra) is used to test die media derived from BPN' transformed cell lines under various pH conditions. Transformed rice callus cells are cultured in a MES medium under similar conditions as disclosed in Example 2, but where the pH of the medium is maintained at a selected pH between 5 and 8.0. At each pH, die total amount of expressed and secreted BPN' is determined by Western blot analysis. BPN' activity can be tested in die assay described by DelMar (supra). V. Production of Mature Heterologous Protein in Germinating Seeds In this embodiment, monocot cells transformed as above are used to regenerate plants, seeds from the plants are harvested and dien germinated, and die mature protein is isolated from the germinated seeds. Plant regeneration from cultured protoplasts or callus tissue is carried by standard methods, e.g., as described in Evans et al, HANDBOOK OF PLANT CELL CULTURES Vol. 1: (MacMillan Publishing Co. New York, 1983); and Vasil I.R. (ed.), CELL CULTURE AND SOMATIC CELL GENEΉCS OF PLANTS. Acad. Press, Orlando, Vol. I, 1984, and Vol. Ill, 1986, and as described in die above-cited PCT application. A. Seed Germination Conditions The transgenic seeds obtained from the regenerated plants are harvested, and prepared for germination by an initial steeping step, in which me seeds immersed in or sprayed wi i water to increase the moisture content of die seed to between 35-45%. This initiates germination. Steeping typically takes place in a steep tank which is typically fitted widi a conical end to allow me seed to flow freely out. The addition of compressed air to oxygenate the steeping process is an option. The temperature is controlled at approximately 22°C depending on die seed. After steeping, the seeds are transferred to a germination compartment which contains air saturated widi water and is under controlled temperature and air flows. The typical temperatures are between 12-25°C and germination is permitted to continue for from 3 to 7 days. Where the heterologous protein coding gene is operably linked to a inducible promoter requiring a metabolite such as sugar or plant hormone, e.g., 2 to 100 nM gibberellic acid, mis metabolite is added, removed or depleted from the steeping water medium and/or is added to me water saturated air used during germination. The seed absorbs die aqueous medium and begins to germinate, expressing the heterologous protein. The medium may then be wididrawn and me malting begun, by maintaining the seeds in a moist temperature controlled aerated environment. In this way, the seeds may begin growth prior to expression, so that the expressed product is less likely to be partially degraded or denatured during the process. More specifically, the temperature during the imbibition or steeping phase will be maintained in d e range of about 15-25°C, while the temperature during the germination will usually be about 20°C. The time for the imbibition will usually be from about 1 to 4 days, while me germination time will usually be an additional 1 to 10 days, more usually 3 to 7 days. Usually, die time for the malting does not exceed about ten days. The period for the malting can be reduced by using plant hormones during the imbibition, particularly gibberellic acid. To achieve maximum production of recombinant protein from malting, die malting procedure may be modified to accommodate de-hulled and de-embryonated seeds, as described in above-cited PCT application WO 95/14099. In die absence of sugars from the endosperm, there is expected to be a 5 to 10 fold increase in RAmy3D promoter activity and dius expression of heterologous protein. Alternatively when embryoless half-seeds are incubated in 10 mM CaCl 2 and 5 MM gibberellic acid, there is a 50 fold increase in RAmylA promoter activity. Production of mature HSA: Following die germination conditions as outiined above and further detailed in Example 3, supernatant was analyzed by Western blot. Western blot analysis shows production of HSA in germinating rice seeds, widi seed samples taken 24, 72, and 120 hours after induction widi gibberellin. HSA production was highest approximately 24 hours post- induction (lanes 3 and 4, Fig. 12). Bilirubin binding, a measure of correct folding of plant- produced HSA, is assayed according to die mediod presented in Example 3. VI. Production of Mature Heterologous Protein in Maturing Seeds In this embodiment, monocot cells transformed as above are used to regenerate plants, and seeds from the plants are allowed to mature, typically in me field, widi consequent production of heterologous protein in the seeds. Following seed maturation, the seeds and tiieir heterologous proteins may be used directly, that is, widiout protein isolation, where for example, the heterologous protein is intended to confer a benefit on the seed as a whole, for example, to enrich the seed in the selected protein. Alternatively, the seeds may be fractionated by standard methods to obtain die heterologous protein in enriched or purified form. In one general approach, the seed is first milled, men suspended in a suitable extraction medium, e.g., an aqueous or an organic solvent, to extract the protein or metabolite of interest. If desired die heterologous protein can be further fractionated and purified, using standard purification methods. The following examples are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation. Those of skill will readily recognize a variety of noncritical parameters which could be changed or modified to yield essentially similar results. General Methods Generally, me nomenclature and laboratory procedures widi respect to standard recombinant DNA technology can be found in Sambrook, et al, MOLECULAR CLONING - A LABORATORY MANUAL. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1989 and in S.B. Gelvin and R.A. Schilperoot, PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 1988. Other general references are provided throughout this document. The procedures tiierein are known in the art and are provided for the convenience of die reader. Example 1 Construction of a Transforming Vector Containing a Codon-Optimized r».-antitrypsin Sequence A. Hygromvcin Resistance Gene Insertion: The 3 kb BamHI fragment containing the 35S promoter-Hph-NOS was removed from e plasmid pMON410 (Monsanto, St. Louis, MO) and placed into an site-directed mutagenized BglR site in the pUC18 at 1463 to form the plasmid pUCH18+ . B. Terminator Insertion: pOSglABK5 is a 5 kb BamBl-Kpnl fragment from lambda clone χOSglA (Huang, N., et al, (1990) Nuc. Acids Res. 18:7007) cloned into pBluescript KS- (Stratagene, San Diego, CA). Plasmid pOSglABK5 was digested with Mspl and blunted widi T4 DNA polymerase followed by Spel digestion. The 350 bp terminator fragment was subcloned into pUC19 (New England BioLabs, Beverly, MA), which had been digested widi BamHI, blunted widi T4 DNA polymerase and digested widi Xbal, to form pUC19/terminator. C. RAmv3D Promoter Insertion: A 1.1 kb Nhel-Pstl fragment derived from pi AS 1.5 (Huang, N. et al. (1993) Plant Mol. Biol. 23:737-747), was cloned into the vector pGEM5zf- [multiple cloning site (MCS) (Promega, Madison, WI): Apal, Aatll, Sphl, Ncol, Sstll, EcoRV, Spel, Notl, Pstl, Sail, Ndel, Sacl, Mlul, Nsil] at the Spel and Pstl sites to form vGEM5zf-(3O/Nhel-Pstl). pGEM5zf-(3D/2V -P.jtI) was then digested widi Pstl and Sacl, and two non-kinased 30mers having me complementary sequences 5' GCTTG ACCTG TAACT CGGGC CAGGC GAGCT 3' (SEQ ID NO:23) and 5' CGCCT AGCCC GAGTT ACAGG TCAAG CAGCT 3' (SEQ ID NO:24) were ligated in to form p3DProSig. The promoter fragment prepared by digesting p3DProSig with Ncol, blunting widi T4 DΝA polymerase, and digesting widi Sstl was subcloned into pUC19/terminator which had been digested widi EcoRI, blunted widi T4 DΝA polymerase and digested widi Sstl, to form p3DProSigΕΝD. D. Multiple Cloning Site Insertion: p3DProSigEND was digested with Sstl and Smal followed by die ligation of a new synthetic linker fragment constructed widi die non-kinased complementary oligonucleotides 5' AGCTC CATGG CCGTG GCTCG AGTCT AGACG CGTCC CC 3' (SEQ ID NO:25) and 5' GGGGA CGCGT CTAGA CTCGA GCCAC GGCCA TGG 3' (SEQ ID NO:26) to form p3DProSigENDlink. E. p3DProSigENDlink Flanking Site Modification: p3DProSigENDlink was digested with Sail and blunted widi T4 DNA polymerase followed by EcoRV digestion. The blunt fragment was then inserted into pBluescript KS + (Stratagene) in the EcoRV site so that the Hindlll site is proximal to the promoter and the EcoRI is proximal to the terminator sequence. The /fi/idlll-EcoRI fragment was then moved into die polylinker of pUCH18+ to form the p3Dvl.O expression vector. F. RAmylA Promoter Insertion: A 1.9 kb Nhel-Pstl fragment derived from subclone pOSG2CA2.3 from lambda clone λOSg2 (Huang et al. (1990) Plant Mol. Biol. 14:655-668), was cloned into the vector pGΕM5zf- at the Spel and Pstl sites to form pGEM5zf-(lA/MzeI-PtfI). pGEM5zf-(lA/ κ.I-PstI) was digested widi Pstl and Sacl and two non-kinased 35mers and four kinased 32mers were ligated in, with the complementary sequences as follows: 5' GCATG CAGGT GCTGA ACACC ATGGT GAACA AACAC 3' (SEQ ID NO:27); 5' TTCTT GTCCC TTTCG GTCCT CATCG TCCTC CT 3' (SEQ ID NO:28); 5' TGGCC TCTCC TCCAA CTTGA CAGCC GGGAG CT 3' (SEQ ID 0:29); 5' TTCAC CATGG TGTTC AGCAC CTGCA TGCTG CA 3' (SEQ ID NO:30); 5' CGATG AGGAC CGAAA GGGAC AAGAA GTGTT TG 3' (SEQ ID NO:31); 5' CCCGG CTGTC AAGTT GGAGG AGAGG CCAAG GAGGA 3' (SEQ ID NO:32) to form plAProSig. The Hin m-Sacl 0.8 kb promoter fragment was subcloned from plAProSig into the p3Dvl.0 vector digested witii HiτzdIII--S'αcI to yield the plAvl .0 expression vector. G. Construction of p3D-AAT Plasmid Two PCR primers were used to amplify a fragment encoding AAT according to me sequence disclosed as Genbank Accession No. K01396: N-terminal primer 5' GAGGA TCCCC AGGGA GATGC TGCCC AGAA 3' (SEQ ID NO:33) and C-terminal primer 5' CGCGC TCGAG TTATT TTTGG GTGGG ATTCA CCAC 3' (SEQ ID NO:34). The N-terminal primer amplifies to a blunt site for in-frame insertion with the end of die p3D signal peptide and die C-terminal primer contains a Xhol site for cloning the fragment into the vector as shown in Figs. 3A and 3B. Alternatively, the sequence encoding mature AAT (SEQ ID NO: 8) or codon-optimized AAT may be chemically synthesized using techniques known in the art, incorporating a -XTioI restriction site 3' of the termination codon for insertion into the expression vector as described above. Example 2 Production of mature p-antitrypsin in cell culture After selection of transgenic callus, callus cells were suspended in liquid culture containing AA2 media (Thompson, J.A., et al, Plant Science 47:123 (1986), at 3% sucrose, pH 5.8. Thereafter, the cells were shifted to phosphate-buffered media (20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8) using 10 mL multi-well tissue culture plates and shaken at 120 rpm in the dark for 48 hours. The supernatant was then removed and stored at -80°C prior to western blot analysis. Supernatants were concentrated using Centricon-10 filters (Amicon cat. #4207) and washed with induction media to remove substances interfering widi electrophoretic migration. Samples were concentrated approximately 10 fold, and mature AAT was purified by SDS PAGE electrophoresis. The purified protein was extracted from the electrophoresis medium, and sequenced at its N-terminus, giving the sequence shown in Fig. 8, identified herein as SEQ ID NO:22. Example 3 HSA Induction in Germinating Seeds After selection of transgenic plants which tested positive for the presence of a codon- optimized HSA gene driven by die GA 3 -responsive RAmylA promoter, seeds were harvested and imbibed for 24 hours with 100 rpm orbital shaking in the dark at 25°C. GA 3 was added to a final concentration of 5μM and incubated for an additional 24-120 hours. Total soluble protein was isolated by double grinding each seed in 120 μl grinding buffer and centrifuging at 23,000 x g for 1 minute at 4°C. The clear supernatant was carefully removed from the pellet and transferred to a fresh tube. Bilirubin binding assay Bilirubin binding to its high-affinity site on mature HSA is assayed using d e method described by Jacobsen, J. et al. (1974; Clin. Chem. 20:783) and Reed, R.G. et al. (1975; Biochemistry 14:4578-4583). Briefly, the concentration of free bilirubin in equilibrium with protein-bound bilirubin is determined by the rate of peroxide-peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of free bilirubin. Stock solutions of bilirubin (Nutritional Biochemicals Corp.) are prepared fresh daily in 5 mM NaOH containing ImM EDTA and die concentration determined using a molar absorptivity of 47,500 M "1 cm "1 at 440 nm. An aliquot containing between 5 and 30 nmol bilirubin is added to a 1 cm cuvette containing 1 ml PBS and approximately 30 nmol HSA at 37°C. An absorbance spectrum between 500 and 350 nm is recorded. Aliquots of horseradish peroxidase (Sigma), 0.05 mg/ml in PBS, and 0.05% ediyl hydrogen peroxide (Ferrosan; Malmo Sweden) are added and die change in absorbance at χmax. is recorded for 3-5 minutes. The concentrations of free and bound billirubin calculated from the oxidation rate observed using varying concentrations of total bilirubin are used to construct a Scatchard plot from which the association constant for a single binding site is determined. Aldiough the invention has been described widi reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated tiiat a variety of changes and modifications can be made witiiout departing from the invention. SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION (l) APPLICANT: Applied Phytologics, Inc. (n) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Production of Mature Proteins m Plants (ill) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 34 (lv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A ADDRESSEE: Dehlmger £- Associates (B STREET: P.O. Box 60850 (C CITY: Palo Alto (D STATE: CA (E COUNTRY: USA (F ZIP: 94306 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A MEDIUM TYPE: Diskette (B COMPUTER: IBM Compatible (C OPERATING SYSTEM: DOS (D SOFTWARE: FastSEQ for Windows Version 2.0 (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA: (A APPLICATION NUMBER: PCT/US98/03068 (B FILING DATE: 13-FEB-1998 (C CLASSIFICATION: (vn PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/038,169 (B : FILING DATE: 13-FEB-1997 (A APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/037,991 (B FILING DATE: 13-FEB-1997 (A: APPLICATION NUMBER- 60/038,170 (B : FILING DATE: 13-FEB-1997 (A APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/038,168 (B FILING DATE: 13-FEB-1997 (vin) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: (A NAME: Petithory, Joanne R (B REGISTRATION NUMBER: P42,995 (C REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: 0665-0007.41 (IX) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION: (A TELEPHONE: 650-324-0880 (B TELEFAX: 650-324-0960 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 1 : (l) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS. (A) LENGTH: 25 ammo acids (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (vn) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: 3D signal peptide sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 1 : Met Lys Asn Thr Ser Ser Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Leu Val Val Leu Cys 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Thr Cys Asn Ser Gly Gin Ala 20 25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 2 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS : single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native 3D signal peptide DNA sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 2 : ATGAAGAACA CCAGCAGCTT GTGTTTGCTG CTCCTCGTGG TGCTCTGCAG CTTGACCTGT 60 AACTCGGGCC AGGCG 75 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 3 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: codon-optimized 3D signal peptide DNA sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 3 : ATGAAGAACA CCTCCTCCCT CTGCCTCCTG CTGCTCGTGG TCCTCTGCTC CCTGACCTGC 60 AACAGCGGCC AGGCC 75 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 4 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 25 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: RAmylA signal peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 4 : Met Val Asn Lys His Phe Leu Ser Leu Ser Val Leu lie Val Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Ser Ser Asn Leu Thr Ala Gly 20 25 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 5 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 51 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: RAmy 1A 5' untranslated region (UTR) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 5 : ATCAATCATC CATCTCCGAA GTGTGTCTGC AGCATGCAGG TGCTGAACAC C 51 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 6 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 321 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: RAmy 1A 3' untranslated region (UTR) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 6 : GCGCACGATG ACGAGACTCT CAGTTTAGCA GATTTAACCT GCGATTTTTA CCCTGACCGG 60 TATACGTATA TACGTGCCGG CAACGAGCTG TATCCGATCC GAATTACGGA TGCAATTGTC 120 CACGAAGTAC TTCCTCCGTA AATAAAGTAG GATCAGGGAC ATACATTTGT ATGGTTTTAC 180 GAATAATGCT ATGCAATAAA ATTTGCACTG CTTAATGCTT ATGCATTTTT GCTTGGTTCG 240 ATTGTACTGG TGAATTATTG TTACTGTTCT TTTTACTTCT CGAGTGGCAG TATTGTTCTT 300 CTACGAAAAT TTGATGCGTA G 321 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 7 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 394 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: mature AAT amino acid sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 7: Glu Asp Pro Gin Gly Asp Ala Ala Gin Lys Thr Asp Thr Ser His His 1 5 10 15 Asp Gin Asp His Pro Thr Phe Asn Lys lie Thr Pro Asn Leu Ala Glu 20 25 30 Phe Ala Phe Ser Leu Tyr Arg Gin Leu Ala His Gin Ser Asn Ser Thr 35 40 45 Asn lie Phe Phe Ser Pro Val Ser He Ala Thr Ala Phe Ala Met Leu 50 55 60 Ser Leu Gly Thr Lys Ala Asp Thr His Asp Glu He Leu Glu Gly Leu 65 70 75 80 Asn Phe Asn Leu Thr Glu He Pro Glu Ala Gin He His Glu Gly Phe 85 90 95 Gin Glu Leu Leu Arg Thr Leu Asn Gin Pro Asp Ser Gin Leu Gin Leu 100 105 110 Thr Thr Gly Asn Gly Leu Phe Leu Ser. Glu Gly Leu Lys Leu Val Asp 115 120 125 Lys Phe Leu Glu Asp Val Lys Lys Leu Tyr His Ser Glu Ala Phe Thr 130 135 140 Val Asn Phe Gly Asp Thr Glu Glu Ala Lys Lys Gin He Asn Asp Tyr 145 150 155 160 Val Glu Lys Gly Thr Gin Gly Lys He Val Asp Leu Val Lys Glu Leu 165 170 175 Asp Arg Asp Thr Val Phe Ala Leu Val Asn Tyr He Phe Phe Lys Gly 180 185 190 Lys Trp Glu Arg Pro Phe Glu Val Lys Asp Thr Glu Glu Glu Asp Phe 195 200 205 His Val Asp Gin Val Thr Thr Val Lys Val Pro Met Met Lys Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gly Met Phe Asn He Gin His Cys Lys Lys Leu Ser Ser Trp Val Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Met Lys Tyr Leu Gly Asn Ala Thr Ala He Phe Phe Leu Pro Asp 245 250 255 Glu Gly Lys Leu Gin His Leu Glu Asn Glu Leu Thr His Asp He He 260 265 - 270 Thr Lys Phe Leu Glu Asn Glu Asp Arg Arg Ser Ala Ser Leu His Leu 275 280 285 Pro Lys Leu Ser He Thr Gly Thr Tyr Asp Leu Lys Ser Val Leu Gly 290 295 300 Gin Leu Gly He Thr Lys Val Phe Ser Asn Gly Ala Asp Leu Ser Gly 305 310 315 320 Val Thr Glu Glu Ala Pro Leu Lys Leu Ser Lys Ala Val His Lys Ala 325 330 335 Val Leu Thr He Asp Glu Lys Gly Thr Glu Ala Ala Gly Ala Met Phe 340 345 350 Leu Glu Ala He Pro Met Ser He Pro Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Lys 355 360 365 Pro Phe Val Phe Leu Met He Glu Gin Asn Thr Lys Ser Pro Leu Phe 370 375 380 Met Gly Lys Val Val Asn Pro Thr Gin Lys 385 390 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 8 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1185 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native coding sequence of mature AAT (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 8: GAGGATCCCC AGGGAGATGC TGCCCAGAAG ACAGATACAT CCCACCATGA TCAGGATCAC 60 CCAACCTTCA ACAAGATCAC CCCCAACCTG GCTGAGTTCG CCTTCAGCCT ATACCGCCAG 120 CTGGCACACC AGTCCAACAG CACCAATATC TTCTTCTCCC CAGTGAGCAT CGCTACAGCC 180 TTTGCAATGC TCTCCCTGGG GACCAAGGCT GACACTCACG ATGAAATCCT GGAGGGCCTG 240 AATTTCAACC TCACGGAGAT TCCGGAGGCT CAGATCCATG AAGGCTTCCA GGAACTCCTC 300 CGTACCCTCA ACCAGCCAGA CAGCCAGCTC CAGCTGACCA CCGGCAATGG CCTGTTCCTC 360 AGCGAGGGCC TGAAGCTAGT GGATAAGTTT TTGGAGGATG TTAAAAAGTT GTACCACTCA 420 GAAGCCTTCA CTGTCAACTT CGGGGACACC GAAGAGGCCA AGAAACAGAT CAACGATTAC 480 GTGGAGAAGG GTACTCAAGG GAAAATTGTG GATTTGGTCA AGGAGCTTGA CAGAGACACA 540 GTTTTTGCTC TGGTGAATTA CATCTTCTTT AAAGGCAAAT GGGAGAGACC CTTTGAAGTC 600 AAGGACACCG AGGAAGAGGA CTTCCACGTG GACCAGGTGA CCACCGTGAA GGTGCCTATG 660 ATGAAGCGTT TAGGCATGTT TAACATCCAG CACTGTAAGA AGCTGTCCAG CTGGGTGCTG 720 CTGATGAAAT ACCTGGGCAA TGCCACCGCC ATCTTCTTCC TGCCTGATGA GGGGAAACTA 780 CAGCACCTGG AAAATGAACT CACCCACGAT ATCATCACCA AGTTCCTGGA AAATGAAGAC 840 AGAAGGTCTG CCAGCTTACA TTTACCCAAA CTGTCCATTA CTGGAACCTA TGATCTGAAG 900 AGCGTCCTGG GTCAACTGGG CATCACTAAG GTCTTCAGCA ATGGGGCTGA CCTCTCCGGG 960 GTCACAGAGG AGGCACCCCT GAAGCTCTCC AAGGCCGTGC ATAAGGCTGT GCTGACCATC 1020 GACGAGAAAG GGACTGAAGC TGCTGGGGCC ATGTTTTTAG AGGCCATACC CATGTCTATC 1080 CCCCCCGAGG TCAAGTTCAA CAAACCCTTT GTCTTCTTAA TGATTGAACA AAATACCAAG 1140 TCTCCCCTCT TCATGGGAAA AGTGGTGAAT CCCACCCAAA AATAA 1185 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 9 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 432 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: mature ATIII aa sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 9 : His Gly Ser Pro Val Asp He Cys Thr Ala Lys Pro Arg Asp He Pro 1 5 10 15 Met Asn Pro Met Cys He Tyr Arg Ser Pro Glu Lys Lys Ala Thr Glu 20 25 30 Asp Glu Gly Ser Glu Gin Lys He Pro Glu Ala Thr Asn Arg Arg Val 35 40 45 Trp Glu Leu Ser Lys Ala Asn Ser Arg Phe Ala Thr Thr Phe Tyr Gin 50 55 60 His Leu Ala Asp Ser Lys Asn Asp Asn Asp Asn He Phe Leu Ser Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser He Ser Thr Ala Phe Ala Met Thr Lys Leu Gly Ala Cys Asn 85 90 95 Asp Thr Leu Gin Gin Leu Met Glu Val Phe Lys Phe Asp Thr He Ser 100 105 110 Glu Lys Thr Ser Asp Gin He His Phe Phe Phe Ala Lys Leu Asn Cys 115 120 125 Arg Leu Tyr Arg Lys Ala Asn Lys Ser Ser Lys Leu Val Ser Ala Asn 130 135 140 Arg Leu Phe Gly Asp Lys Ser Leu Thr Phe Asn Glu Thr Tyr Gin Asp 145 150 155 160 He Ser Glu Leu Val Tyr Gly Ala Lys Leu Gin Pro Leu Asp Phe Lys 165 170 175 Glu Asn Ala Glu Gin Ser Arg Ala Ala He Asn Lys Trp Val Ser Asn 180 185 190 Lys Thr Glu Gly Arg He Thr Asp Val He Pro Ser Glu Ala He Asn 195 200 205 Glu Leu Thr Val Leu Val Leu Val Asn Thr He Tyr Phe Lys Gly Leu 210 215 220 Trp Lys Ser Lys Phe Ser Pro Glu Asn Thr Arg Lys Glu Leu Phe Tyr 225 230 235 240 Lys Ala Asp Gly Glu Ser Cys Ser Ala Ser Met Met Tyr Gin Glu Gly 245 250 255 Lys Phe Arg Tyr Arg Arg Val Ala Glu Gly Thr Gin Val Leu Glu Leu 260 265 270 Pro Phe Lys Gly Asp Asp He Thr Met Val Leu He Leu Pro Lys Pro 275 280 285 Glu Lys Ser Leu Ala Lys Val Glu Lys Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Val Leu 290 295 300 Gin Glu Trp Leu Asp Glu Leu Glu Glu Met Met Leu Val Val His Met 305 310 315 320 Pro Arg Phe Arg He Glu Asp Gly Phe Ser Leu Lys Glu Gin Leu Gin 325 330 335 Asp Met Gly Leu Val Asp Leu Phe Ser Pro Glu Lys Ser Lys Leu Pro 340 345 350 Gly He Val Ala Glu Gly Arg Asp Asp Leu Tyr Val Ser Asp Ala Phe 355 360 365 His Lys Ala Phe Leu Glu Val Asn Glu Glu Gly Ser Glu Ala Ala Ala 370 375 380 Ser Thr Ala Val Val He Ala Gly Arg Ser Leu Asn Pro Asn Arg Val 385 390 395 400 Thr Phe Lys Ala Asn Arg Pro Phe Leu Val Phe He Arg Glu Val Pro 405 410 415 Leu Asn Thr He He Phe Met Gly Arg Val Ala Asn Pro Cys Val Lys 420 425 430 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1299 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native ATIII DNA sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 10: CACGGAAGCC CTGTGGACAT CTGCACAGCC AAGCCGCGGG ACATTCCCAT GAATCCCATG 60 TGCATTTACC GCTCCCCGGA GAAGAAGGCA ACTGAGGATG AGGGCTCAGA ACAGAAGATC 120 CCGGAGGCCA CCAACCGGCG TGTCTGGGAA CTGTCCAAGG CCAATTCCCG CTTTGCTACC 180 ACTTTCTATC AGCACCTGGC AGATTCCAAG AATGACAATG ATAACATTTT CCTGTCACCC 240 CTGAGTATCT CCACGGCTTT TGCTATGACC AAGCTGGGTG CCTGTAATGA CACCCTCCAG 300 CAACTGATGG AGGTATTTAA GTTTGACACC ATATCTGAGA AAACATCTGA TCAGATCCAC 360 TTCTTCTTTG CCAAACTGAA CTGCCGACTC TATCGAAAAG CCAACAAATC CTCCAAGTTA 420 GTATCAGCCA ATCGCCTTTT TGGAGACAAA TCCCTTACCT TCAATGAGAC CTACCAGGAC 480 ATCAGTGAGT TGGTATATGG AGCCAAGCTC CAGCCCCTGG ACTTCAAGGA AAATGCAGAG 540 CAATCCAGAG CGGCCATCAA CAAATGGGTG TCCAATAAGA CCGAAGGCCG AATCACCGAT 600 GTCATTCCCT CGGAAGCCAT CAATGAGCTC ACTGTTCTGG TGCTGGTTAA CACCATTTAC 660 TTCAAGGGCC TGTGGAAGTC AAAGTTCAGC CCTGAGAACA CAAGGAAGGA ACTGTTCTAC 720 AAGGCTGATG GAGAGTCGTG TTCAGCATCT ATGATGTACC AGGAAGGCAA GTTCCGTTAT 780 CGGCGCGTGG CTGAAGGCAC CCAGGTGCTT GAGTTGCCCT TCAAAGGTGA TGACATCACC 840 ATGGTCCTCA TCTTGCCCAA GCCTGAGAAG AGCCTGGCCA AGGTGGAGAA GGAACTCACC 900 CCAGAGGTGC TGCAGGAGTG GCTGGATGAA TTGGAGGAGA TGATGCTGGT GGTTCACATG 960 CCCCGCTTCC GCATTGAGGA CGGCTTCAGT TTGAAGGAGC AGCTGCAAGA CATGGGCCTT 1020 GTCGATCTGT TCAGCCCTGA AAAGTCCAAA CTCCCAGGTA TTGTTGCAGA AGGCCGAGAT 1080 GACCTCTATG TCTCAGATGC ATTCCATAAG GCATTTCTTG AGGTAAATGA AGAAGGCAGT 1140 GAAGCAGCTG CAAGTACCGC TGTTGTGATT GCTGGCCGTT CGCTAAACCC CAACAGGGTG 1200 ACTTTCAAGG CCAACAGGCC CTTCCTGGTT TTTATAAGAG AAGTTCCTCT GAACACTATT 1260 ATCTTCATGG GCAGAGTAGC CAACCCTTGT GTTAAGTAA 1299 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 585 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: mature HSA amino acid sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 11: Asp Ala His Lys Ser Glu Val Ala His Arg Phe Lys Asp Leu Gly Glu 1 5 10 15 Glu Asn Phe Lys Ala Leu Val Leu He Ala Phe Ala Gin Tyr Leu Gin 20 25 30 Gin Cys Pro Phe Glu Asp His Val Lys Leu Val Asn Glu Val Thr Glu 35 40 45 Phe Ala Lys Thr Cys Val Ala Asp Glu Ser Ala Glu Asn Cys Asp Lys 50 55 60 Ser Leu His Thr Leu Phe Gly Asp Lys Leu Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Leu 65 70 75 80 Arg Glu Thr Tyr Gly Glu Met Ala Asp Cys Cys Ala Lys Gin Glu Pro 85 90 95 Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Phe Leu Gin His Lys Asp Asp Asn Pro Asn Leu 100 105' 110 Pro Arg Leu Val Arg Pro Glu Val Asp Val Met Cys Thr Ala Phe His 115 120 125 Asp Asn Glu Glu Thr Phe Leu Lys Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Glu He Ala Arg 130 135 140 Arg His Pro Tyr Phe Tyr Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Phe Phe Ala Lys Arg 145 150 155 160 Tyr Lys Ala Ala Phe Thr Glu Cys Cys Gin Ala Ala Asp Lys Ala Ala 165 170 175 Cys Leu Leu Pro Lys Leu Asp Glu Leu Arg Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ala Lys Gin Arg Leu Lys Cys Ala Ser Leu Gin Lys Phe Gly Glu 195 200 205 Arg Ala Phe Lys Ala Trp Ala Val Ala Arg Leu Ser Gin Arg Phe Pro 210 215 220 Lys Ala Glu Phe Ala Glu Val Ser Lys Leu Val Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys 225 230 235 240 Val His Thr Glu Cys Cys His Gly Asp Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Asp Asp 245 250 255 Arg Ala Asp Leu Ala Lys Tyr He Cys Glu Asn Gin Asp Ser He Ser 260 265 270 Ser Lys Leu Lys Glu Cys Cys Glu Lys Pro Leu Leu Glu Lys Ser His 275 280 285 Cys He Ala Glu Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Met Pro Ala Asp Leu Pro Ser 290 295 300 Leu Ala Ala Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Lys Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Tyr Ala 305 310 315 320 Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Gly Met Phe Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Ala Arg 325 330 335 Arg His Pro Asp Tyr Ser Val Val Leu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Lys Thr 340 345 350 Tyr Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu Lys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Asp Pro His Glu 355 360 365 Cys Tyr Ala Lys Val Phe Asp Glu Phe Lys Pro Leu Val Glu Glu Pro 370 375 380 Gin Asn Leu He Lys Gin Asn Cys Glu Leu Phe Lys Gin Leu Gly Glu 385 390 395 400 Tyr Lys Phe Gin Asn Ala Leu Leu Val Arg Tyr Thr Lys Lys Val Pro 405 410 415 Gin Val Ser Thr Pro Thr Leu Val Glu Val Ser Arg Asn Leu Gly Lys 420 425 430 Val Gly Ser Lys Cys Cys Lys His Pro Glu Ala Lys Arg Met Pro Cys 435 440 445 Ala Glu Asp Tyr Leu Ser Val Val Leu Asn Gin Leu Cys Val Leu His 450 455 460 Glu Lys Thr Pro Val Ser Asp Arg Val Thr Lys Cys Cys Thr Glu Ser 465 470 475 480 Leu Val Asn Arg Arg Pro Cys Phe Ser Ala Leu Glu Val Asp Glu Thr 485 490 495 Tyr Val Pro Lys Glu Phe Asn Ala Glu Thr Phe Thr Phe His Ala Asp 500 505 510 He Cys Thr Leu Ser Glu Lys Glu Arg Gin He Lys Lys Gin Thr Ala 515 520 525 Leu Val Glu Leu Val Lys His Lys Pro Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Gin Leu 530 535 540 Lys Ala Val Met Asp Asp Phe Ala Ala Phe Val Glu Lys Cys Cys Lys 545 550 555 560 Ala Asp Asp Lys Glu Thr Cys Phe Ala Glu Glu Gly Lys Lys Leu Val 565 570 575 Ala Ala Ser Gin Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu 580 585 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 12 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1865 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native coding sequence of mature HSA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 12: AGATGCACAC AAGAGTGAGG TTGCTCATCG GTTTAAAGAT TTGGGAGAAG AAAATTTCAA 60 AGCCTTGGTG TTGATTGCCT TTGCTCAGTA TCTTCAGCAG TGTCCATTTG AAGATCATGT 120 AAAATTAGTG AATGAAGTAA CTGAATTTGC AAAAACATGT GTAGCTGATG AGTCAGCTGA 180 AAATTGTGAC AAATCACTTC ATACCCTTTT TGGAGACAAA TTATGCACAG TTGCAACTCT 240 TCGTGAAACC TATGGTGAAA TGGCTGACTG CTGTGCAAAA CAAGAACCTG AGAGAAATGA 300 ATGCTTCTTG CAACACAAAG ATGACAACCC AAACCTCCCC CGATTGGTGA GACCAGAGGT 360 TGATGTGATG TGCACTGCTT TTCATGACAA TGAAGAGACA TTTTTGAAAA AATACTTATA 420 TGAAATTGCC AGAAGACATC CTTACTTTTA TGCCCCGGAA CTCCTTTTCT TTGCTAAAAG 480 GTATAAAGCT GCTTTTACAG AATGTTGCCA AGCTGCTGAT AAAGCTGCCT GCCTGTTGCC 540 AAAGCTCGAT GAACTTCGGG ATGAAGGGAA GGCTTCGTCT GCCAAACAGA GACTCAAATG 600 TGCCAGTCTC CAAAAATTTG GAGAAAGAGC TTTCAAAGCA TGGGCAGTGG CTCGCCTGAG 660 CCAGAGATTT CCCAAAGCTG AGTTTGCAGA AGTTTCCAAG TTAGTGACAG ATCTTACCAA 720 AGTCCACACG GAATGCTGCC ATGGAGATCT GCTTGAATGT GCTGATGACA GGGCGGACCT 780 TGCCAAGTAT ATCTGTGAAA ATCAGGATTC GATCTCCAGT AAACTGAAGG AATGCTGTGA 840 AAAACCTCTG TTGGAAAAAT CCCACTGCAT TGCCGAAGTG GAAAATGATG AGATGCCTGC 900 TGACTTGCCT TCATTAGCTG CTGATTTTGT TGAAAGTAAG GATGTTTGCA AAAACTATGC 960 TGAGGCAAAG GATGTCTTCC TGGGCATGTT TTTGTATGAA TATGCAAGAA GGCATCCTGA 1020 TTACTCTGTC GTGCTGCTGC TGAGACTTGC CAAGACATAT GAAACCACTC TAGAGAAGTG 1080 CTGTGCCGCT GCAGATCCTC ATGAATGCTA TGCCAAAGTG TTCGATGAAT TTAAACCTCT 1140 TGTGGAAGAG CCTCAGAATT TAATCAAACA AAACTGTGAG CTTTTTAAGC AGCTTGGAGA 1200 GTACAAATTC CAGAATGCGC TATTAGTTCG TTACACCAAG AAAGTACCCC AAGTGTCAAC 1260 TCCAACTCTT GTAGAGGTCT CAAGAAACCT AGGAAAAGTG GGCAGCAAAT GTTGTAAACA 1320 TCCTGAAGCA AAAAGAATGC CCTGTGCAGA AGACTATCTA TCCGTGGTCC TGAACCAGTT 1380 ATGTGTGTTG CATGAGAAAA CGCCAGTAAG TGACAGAGTC ACAAAATGCT GCACAGAGTC 1440 CTTGGTGAAC AGGCGACCAT GCTTTTCAGC TCTGGAAGTC GATGAAACAT ACGTTCCCAA 1500 AGAGTTTAAT GCTGAAACAT TCACCTTCCA TGCAGATATA TGCACACTTT CTGAGAAGGA 1560 GAGACAAATC AAGAAACAAA CTGCACTTGT TGAGCTTGTG AAACACAAGC CCAAGGCAAC 1620 AAAAGAGCAA CTGAAAGCTG TTATGGATGA TTTCGCAGCT TTTGTAGAGA AGTGCTGCAA 1680 GGCTGACGAT AAGGAGACCT GCTTTGCCGA GGAGGGTAAA AAACTTGTTG CTGCAAGTCA 1740 AGCTGCCTTA GGCTTATAAC ATCTACATTT AAAAGCATCT CAGCCTACCA TGAGAATAAG 1800 AGAAAGAAAA TGAAGATCAA AAGCTTATTC ATCTGTTTTC TTTTTCGTTG GTGTAAAGCC 1860 AACAC 1865 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 352 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native proBPN' amino acid sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 13: Ala Gly Lys Ser Asn Gly Glu Lys Lys Tyr He Val Gly Phe Lys Gin 1 5 10 15 Thr Met Ser Thr Met Ser Ala Ala Lys Lys Lys Asp Val He Ser Glu 20 25 30 Lys Gly Gly Lys Val Gin Lys Gin Phe Lys Tyr Val Asp Ala Ala Ser 35 40 45 Ala Thr Leu Asn Glu Lys Ala Val Lys Glu Leu Lys Lys Asp Pro Ser 50 55 60 Val Ala Tyr Val Glu Glu Asp His Val Ala His Ala Tyr Ala Gin Ser 65 70 75 80 Val Pro Tyr Gly Val Ser Gin He Lys Ala Pro Ala Leu His Ser Gin 85 90 95 Gly Tyr Thr Gly Ser Asn Val Lys Val Ala Val He Asp Ser Gly He 100 105 ■ 110 Asp Ser Ser His Pro Asp Leu Lys Val Ala Gly Gly Ala Ser Met Val 115 120 125 Pro Ser Glu Thr Asn Pro Phe Gin Asp Asn Asn Ser His Gly Thr His 130 135 140 Val Ala Gly Thr Val Ala Ala Leu Asn Asn Ser He Gly Val Leu Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Ala Pro Ser Ala Ser Leu Tyr Ala Val Lys Val Leu Gly Ala Asp 165 170 175 Gly Ser Gly Gin Tyr Ser Trp He He Asn Gly He Glu Trp Ala He 180 185 190 Ala Asn Asn Met Asp Val He Asn Met Ser Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Gly 195 200 205 Ser Ala Ala Leu Lys Ala Ala Val Asp Lys Ala Val Ala Ser Gly Val 210 215 220 Val Val Val Ala Ala Ala Gly Asn Glu Gly Thr Ser Gly Ser Ser Ser 225 230 235 240 Thr Val Gly Tyr Pro Gly Lys Tyr Pro Ser Val He Ala Val Gly Ala 245 250 255 Val Asp Ser Ser Asn Gin Arg Ala Ser Phe Ser Ser Val Gly Pro Glu 260 265 270 Leu Asp Val Met Ala Pro Gly Val Ser He Gin Ser Thr Leu Pro Gly 275 280 285 Asn Lys Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asn Gly Thr Ser Met Ala Ser Pro His Val 290 295 300 Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Leu He Leu Ser Lys His Pro Asn Trp Thr Asn 305 310 315 320 Thr Gin Val Arg Ser Ser Leu Glu Asn Thr Thr Thr Lys Leu Gly Asp 325 330 335 Ser Phe Tyr Tyr Gly Lys Gly Leu He Asn Val Gin Ala Ala Ala Gin 340 345 350 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 14 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1056 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native proBPN' coding sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14: GCAGGGAAAT CAAACGGGGA AAAGAAATAT ATTGTCGGGT TTAAACAGAC AATGAGCACG 60 ATGAGCGCCG CTAAGAAGAA AGATGTCATT TCTGAAAAAG GCGGGAAAGT GCAAAAGCAA 120 TTCAAATATG TAGACGCAGC TTCAGCTACA TTAAACGAAA AAGCTGTAAA AGAATTGAAA 180 AAAGACCCGA GCGTCGCTTA CGTTGAAGAA GATCACGTAG CACATGCGTA CGCGCAGTCC 240 GTGCCTTACG GCGTATCACA AATTAAAGCC CCTGCTCTGC ACTCTCAAGG CTACACTGGA 300 TCAAATGTTA AAGTAGCGGT TATCGACAGC GGTATCGATT CTTCTCATCC TGATTTAAAG 360 GTAGCAGGCG GAGCCAGCAT GGTTCCTTCT GAAACAAATC CTTTCCAAGA CAACAACTCT 420 CACGGAACTC ACGTTGCCGG CACAGTTGCG GCTCTTAATA ACTCAATCGG TGTATTAGGC 480 GTTGCGCCAA GCGCATCACT TTACGCTGTA AAAGTTCTCG GTGCTGACGG TTCCGGCCAA 540 TACAGCTGGA TCATTAACGG AATCGAGTGG GCGATCGCAA ACAATATGGA CGTTATTAAC 600 ATGAGCCTCG GCGGACCTTC TGGTTCTGCT GCTTTAAAAG CGGCAGTTGA TAAAGCCGTT 660 GCATCCGGCG TCGTAGTCGT TGCGGCAGCC GGTAACGAAG GCACTTCCGG CAGCTCAAGC 720 ACAGTGGGCT ACCCTGGTAA ATACCCTTCT GTCATTGCAG TAGGCGCTGT TGACAGCAGC 780 AACCAAAGAG CATCTTTCTC AAGCGTAGGA CCTGAGCTTG ATGTCATGGC ACCTGGCGTA 840 TCTATCCAAA GCACGCTTCC TGGAAACAAA TACGGGGCGT ACAACGGTAC GTCAATGGCA 900 TCTCCGCACG TTGCCGGAGC GGCTGCTTTG ATTCTTTCTA AGCACCCGAA CTGGACAAAC 960 ACTCAAGTCC GCAGCAGTTT AGAAAACACC ACTACAAAAC TTGGTGATTC TTTCTACTAT 1020 GGAAAAGGGC TGATCAACGT ACAGGCGGCA GCTCAG 1056 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 77 amino acids - (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: subtilisin BPN' pro-peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 15: Ala Gly Lys Ser Asn Gly Glu Lys Lys Tyr He Val Gly Phe Lys Gin 1 5 10 15 Thr Met Ser Thr Met Ser Ala Ala Lys Lys Lys Asp Val He Ser Glu 20 25 30 Lys Gly Gly Lys Val Gin Lys Gin Phe Lys Tyr Val Asp Ala Ala Ser 35 40 45 Ala Thr Leu Asn Glu Lys Ala Val Lys Glu Leu Lys Lys Asp Pro Ser 50 55 60 Val Ala Tyr Val Glu Glu Asp His Val Ala His Ala Tyr 65 70 75 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 16 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 275 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: native mature BPN' amino acid sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 16: Ala Gin Ser Val Pro Tyr Gly Val Ser Gin He Lys Ala Pro Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 His Ser Gin Gly Tyr Thr Gly Ser Asn Val Lys Val Ala Val He Asp 20 25 30 Ser Gly He Asp Ser Ser His Pro Asp Leu Lys Val Ala Gly Gly Ala 35 40 45 Ser Met Val Pro Ser Glu Thr Asn Pro Phe Gin Asp Asn Asn Ser His 50 55 60 Gly Thr His Val Ala Gly Thr Val Ala Ala Leu Asn Asn Ser He Gly 65 70 75 80 Val Leu Gly Val Ala Pro Ser Ala Ser Leu Tyr Ala Val Lys Val Leu 85 90 95 Gly Ala Asp Gly Ser Gly Gin Tyr Ser Trp He He Asn Gly He Glu 100 105 110 Trp Ala He Ala Asn Asn Met Asp Val He Asn Met Ser Leu Gly Gly 115 120 125 Pro Ser Gly Ser Ala Ala Leu Lys Ala Ala Val Asp Lys Ala Val Ala 130 135 140 Ser Gly Val Val Val Val Ala Ala Ala Gly Asn Glu Gly Thr Ser Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Ser Ser Thr Val Gly Tyr Pro Gly Lys Tyr Pro Ser Val He Ala 165 170 175 Val Gly Ala Val Asp Ser Ser Asn Gin Arg Ala Ser Phe Ser Ser Val 180 185 190 Gly Pro Glu Leu Asp Val Met Ala Pro Gly Val Ser He Gin Ser Thr 195 200 205 Leu Pro Gly Asn Lys Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asn Gly Thr Ser Met Ala Ser 210 215 220 Pro His Val Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Leu He Leu Ser Lys His Pro Asn 225 230 235 240 Trp Thr Asn Thr Gin Val Arg Ser Ser Leu Glu Asn Thr Thr Thr Lys 245 250 255 Leu Gly Asp Ser Phe Tyr Tyr Gly Lys Gly Leu He Asn Val Gin Ala 260 265 270 Ala Ala Gin 275 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 275 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: amino acid sequence of mature BPN' variant 34-ii (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 17: Ala Gin Ser Val Pro Tyr Gly Val Ser Gin He Lys Ala Pro Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 His Ser Gin Gly Tyr Thr Gly Ser Asn Val Lys Val Ala Val He Asp 20 25 30 Ser Gly He Asp Ser Ser His Pro Asp Leu Lys Val Ala Gly Gly Ala 35 40 45 Ser Met Val Pro Ser Glu Thr Asn Pro Phe Gin Asp Thr Asn Ser His 50 55 60 Gly Thr His Val Ala Gly Thr Val Ala Ala Leu Thr Asn Ser He Gly 65 70 75 80 Val Leu Gly Val Ala Pro Ser Ala Ser Leu Tyr Ala Val Lys Val Leu 85 90 95 Gly Ala Asp Gly Ser Gly Gin Tyr Ser Trp He He Asn Gly He Glu 100 105 110 Trp Ala He Ala Asn Asn Met Asp Val He Thr Met Ser Leu Gly Gly 115 120 125 Pro Ser Gly Ser Ala Ala Leu Lys Ala Ala Val Asp Lys Ala Val Ala 130 135 140 Ser Gly Val Val Val Val Ala Ala Ala Gly Asn Glu Gly Thr Ser Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Ser Ser Thr Val Gly Tyr Pro Gly Lys Tyr Pro Ser Val He Ala 165 170 175 Val Gly Ala Val Asp Ser Ser Asn Gin Arg Ala Ser Phe Ser Ser Val 180 185 190 Gly Pro Glu Leu Asp Val Met Ala Pro Gly Val Ser He Gin Ser Thr 195 200 205 Leu Pro Gly Asn Lys Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Ser Gly Thr Ser Met Ala Ser 210 215 220 Pro His Val Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Leu He Leu Ser Lys His Pro Thr 225 230 235 240 Trp Thr Asn Thr Gin Val Arg Ser Ser Leu Glu Asn Thr Thr Thr Lys 245 250 255 Leu Gly Asp Ser Phe Tyr Tyr Gly Lys Gly Leu He Asn Val Gin Ala 260 265 270 Ala Ala Gin 275 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 18: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1260 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: codon-optimized* 3D signal peptide-AAT DNA sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18: ATGAAGAACA CCTCCTCCCT CTGCCTCCTG CTGCTCGTGG TCCTCTGCTC CCTGACCTGC 60 AACAGCGGCC AGGCCGAGGA CCCGCAGGGC GACGCCGCCC AGAAGACCGA CACCAGCCAC 120 CACGACCAGG ACCACCCGAC GTTCAACAAG ATCACCCCGA ATTTGGCCGA ATTCGCCTTC 180 AGCCTGTACC GCCAGCTCGC GCACCAGTCC AACTCCACCA ACATCTTCTT CAGCCCGGTG 240 AGCATCGCCA CCGCCTTCGC CATGCTGTCC CTGGGTACCA AGGCGGACAC CCACGACGAG 300 ATCCTCGAAG GGCTGAACTT CAACCTGACG GAGATCCCGG AGGCGCAGAT CCACGAGGGC 360 TTCCAGGAGC TGCTCAGGAC GCTCAACCAG CCGGACTCCC AGCTCCAGCT CACCACCGGC 420 AACGGGCTCT TCCTGTCCGA GGGCCTCAAG CTCGTCGATA AGTTCCTGGA GGACGTGAAG 480 AAGCTCTACC ACTCCGAGGC GTTCACCGTC AACTTCGGGG ACACCGAGGA GGCCAAGAAG 540 CAGATCAACG ACTACGTCGA GAAGGGGACC CAGGGCAAGA TCGTGGACCT GGTCAAGGAA 600 TTGGACAGGG ACACCGTCTT CGCGCTCGTC AACTACATCT TCTTCAAGGG CAAGTGGGAG 660 CGCCCGTTCG AGGTGAAGGA CACCGAGGAG GAGGACTTCC ACGTCGACCA GGTCACCACC 720 GTCAAGGTCC CGATGATGAA GAGGCTCGGC ATGTTCAACA TCCAGCACTG CAAGAAGCTC 780 TCCAGCTGGG TGCTCCTCAT GAAGTACCTG GGGAACGCCA CCGCCATCTT CTTCCTGCCG 840 34-iii GACGAGGGCA AGCTCCAGCA CCTGGAGAAC GAGCTGACGC ACGACATCAT CACGAAGTTC 900 CTGGAGAACG AGGACAGGCG CTCCGCTAGC CTCCACCTCC CGAAGCTGAG CATCACCGGC 960 ACGTACGACC TGAAGAGCGT GCTGGGCCAG CTGGGCATCA CGAAGGTCTT CAGCAACGGC 1020 GCGGACCTCT CCGGCGTGAC GGAGGAGGCC CCCCTGAAGC TCTCCAAGGC CGTGCACAAG 1080 GCGGTGCTCA CGATCGACGA GAAGGGGACG GAAGCTGCCG GGGCCATGTT CCTGGAGGCC 1140 ATCCCCATGT CCATCCCGCC CGAGGTCAAG TTCAACAAGC CCTTCGTCTT CCTGATGATC 1200 GAGCAGAACA CGAAGAGCCC CCTCTTCATG GGGAAGGTCG TCAACCCCAC GCAGAAGTGA 1260 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 19: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1382 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: codon-optimized 3D signal peptide-ATIII DNA sequen (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19: ATGAAGAACA CCTCCTCCCT CTGCCTCCTG CTGCTCGTGG TCCTCTGCTC CCTGACCTGC 60 AACAGCGGCC AGGCCCACGG AAGCCCTGTG GACATCTGCA CAGCCAAGCC GCGGGACATT 120 CCCATGAATC CCATGTGCAT TTACCGCTCC CCGGAGAAGA AGGCAACTGA GGATGAGGGC 180 TCAGAACAGA AGATCCCGGA GGCCACCAAC CGGCGTGTCT GGGAACTGTC CAAGGCCAAT 240 TCCCGCTTTG CTACCACTTT CTATCAGCAC CTGGCAGATT CCAAGAATGA CAATGATAAC 300 ATTTTCCTGT CACCCCTGAG TATCTCCACG GCTTTTGCTA TGACCAAGCT GGGTGCCTGT 360 AATGACACCC TCCAGCAACT GATGGAGGTA TTTAAGTTTG ACACCATATC TGAGAAAACA 420 TCTGATCAGA TCCACTTCTT CTTTGCCAAA CTGAACTGCC GACTCTATCG AAAAGCCAAC 480 AAATCCTCCA AGTTAGTATC AGCCAATCGC CTTTTTGGAG ACAAATCCCT TACCTTCAAT 540 GAGACCTACC AGGACATCAG TGAGTTGGTA TATGGAGCCA AGCTCCAGCC CCTGGACTTC 600 AAGGAAAATG CAGAGCAATC CAGAGCGGCC ATCAACAAAT GGGTGTCCAA TAAGACCGAA 660 GGCCGAATCA CCGATGTCAT TCCCTCGGAA GCCATCAATG AGCTCACTGT TCTGGTGCTG 720 GTTAACACCA TTTACTTCAA GGGCCTGTGG AAGTCAAAGT TCAGCCCTGA GAACACAAGG 780 AAGGAACTGT TCTACAAGGC TGATGGAGAG TCGTGTTCAG CATCTATGAT GTACCAGGAA 840 GGCAAGTTCC GTTATCGGCG CGTGGCTGAA GGCACCCAGG TGCTTGAGTT GCCCTTCAAA 900 GGTGATGACA TCACCATGGT CCTCATCTTG CCCAAGCCTG AGAAGAGCCT GGCCAAGGTG 960 GAGAAGGAAC TCACCCCAGA GGTGCTGCAG GAGTGGCTGG ATGAATTGGA GGAGATGATG 1020 CTGGTGGTTC ACATGCCCCG CTTCCGCATT GAGGACGGCT TCAGTTTGAA GGAGCAGCTG 1080 CAAGACATGG GCCTTGTCGA TCTGTTCAGC CCTGAAAAGT CCAAACTCCC AGGTATTGTT 1140 GCAGAAGGCC GAGATGACCT CTATGTCTCA GATGCATTCC ATAAGGCATT TCTTGAGGTA 1200 AATGAAGAAG GCAGTGAAGC AGCTGCAAGT ACCGCTGTTG TGATTGCTGG CCGTTCGCTA 1260 AACCCCAACA GGGTGACTTT CAAGGCCAAC AGGCCCTTCC TGGTTTTTAT AAGAGAAGTT 1320 CCTCTGAACA CTATTATCTT CATGGGCAGA GTAGCCAACC CTTGTGTTAA GTAACTCGAG 1380 CC 1382 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 20: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1940 base pairs- (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: codon-optimized 3D signal peptide-HSA DNA sequence (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 20: ATGAAGAACA CCTCCTCCCT CTGCCTCCTG CTGCTCGTGG TCCTCTGCTC CCTGACCTGC 60 AACAGCGGCC AGGCCAGATG CACACAAGAG TGAGGTTGCT CATCGGTTTA AAGATTTGGG 120 AGAAGAAAAT TTCAAAGCCT TGGTGTTGAT TGCCTTTGCT CAGTATCTTC AGCAGTGTCC 180 ATTTGAAGAT CATGTAAAAT TAGTGAATGA AGTAACTGAA TTTGCAAAAA CATGTGTAGC 240 TGATGAGTCA GCTGAAAATT GTGACAAATC ACTTCATACC CTTTTTGGAG ACAAATTATG 300 CACAGTTGCA ACTCTTCGTG AAACCTATGG TGAAATGGCT GACTGCTGTG CAAAACAAGA 360 ACCTGAGAGA AATGAATGCT TCTTGCAACA CAAAGATGAC AACCCAAACC TCCCCCGATT 420 GGTGAGACCA GAGGTTGATG TGATGTGCAC TGCTTTTCAT GACAATGAAG AGACATTTTT 480 34-iv GAAAAAATAC TTATATGAAA TTGCCAGAAG ACATCCTTAC TTTTATGCCC CGGAACTCCT 540 TTTCTTTGCT AAAAGGTATA AAGCTGCTTT TACAGAATGT TGCCAAGCTG CTGATAAAGC 600 TGCCTGCCTG TTGCCAAAGC TCGATGAACT TCGGGATGAA GGGAAGGCTT CGTCTGCCAA 660 ACAGAGACTC AAATGTGCCA GTCTCCAAAA ATTTGGAGAA AGAGCTTTCA AAGCATGGGC 720 AGTGGCTCGC CTGAGCCAGA GATTTCCCAA AGCTGAGTTT GCAGAAGTTT CCAAGTTAGT 780 GACAGATCTT ACCAAAGTCC ACACGGAATG CTGCCATGGA GATCTGCTTG AATGTGCTGA 840 TGACAGGGCG GACCTTGCCA AGTATATCTG TGAAAATCAG GATTCGATCT CCAGTAAACT 900 GAAGGAATGC TGTGAAAAAC CTCTGTTGGA AAAATCCCAC TGCATTGCCG AAGTGGAAAA 960 TGATGAGATG CCTGCTGACT TGCCTTCATT AGCTGCTGAT TTTGTTGAAA GTAAGGATGT 1020 TTGCAAAAAC TATGCTGAGG CAAAGGATGT CTTCCTGGGC ATGTTTTTGT ATGAATATGC 1080 AAGAAGGCAT CCTGATTACT CTGTCGTGCT GCTGCTGAGA CTTGCCAAGA CATATGAAAC 1140 CACTCTAGAG AAGTGCTGTG CCGCTGCAGA TCCTCATGAA TGCTATGCCA AAGTGTTCGA 1200 TGAATTTAAA CCTCTTGTGG AAGAGCCTCA GAATTTAATC AAACAAAACT GTGAGCTTTT 1260 TAAGCAGCTT GGAGAGTACA AATTCCAGAA TGCGCTATTA GTTCGTTACA CCAAGAAAGT 1320 ACCCCAAGTG TCAACTCCAA CTCTTGTAGA GGTCTCAAGA AACCTAGGAA AAGTGGGCAG 1380 CAAATGTTGT AAACATCCTG AAGCAAAAAG AATGCCCTGT GCAGAAGACT ATCTATCCGT 1440 GGTCCTGAAC CAGTTATGTG TGTTGCATGA GAAAACGCCA GTAAGTGACA GAGTCACAAA 1500 ATGCTGCACA GAGTCCTTGG TGAACAGGCG ACCATGCTTT TCAGCTCTGG AAGTCGATGA 1560 AACATACGTT CCCAAAGAGT TTAATGCTGA AACATTCACC TTCCATGCAG ATATATGCAC 1620 ACTTTCTGAG AAGGAGAGAC AAATCAAGAA ACAAACTGCA CTTGTTGAGC TTGTGAAACA 1680 CAAGCCCAAG GCAACAAAAG AGCAACTGAA AGCTGTTATG GATGATTTCG CAGCTTTTGT 1740 AGAGAAGTGC TGCAAGGCTG ACGATAAGGA GACCTGCTTT GCCGAGGAGG GTAAAAAACT 1800 TGTTGCTGCA AGTCAAGCTG CCTTAGGCTT ATAACATCTA CATTTAAAAG CATCTCAGCC 1860 TACCATGAGA ATAAGAGAAA GAAAATGAAG ATCAAAAGCT TATTCATCTG TTTTCTTTTT 1920 CGTTGGTGTA AAGCCAACAC 1940 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 21: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1140 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: codon-optimized 3D signal peptide-BPN' DNA sequene (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21: ATGAAGAACA CCTCCTCCCT CTGCCTCCTG CTGCTCGTGG TCCTCTGCTC CCTGACCTGC 60 AACAGCGGCC AGGCCGCTGG CAAGAGCAAC GGGGAGAAGA AGTACATCGT CGGCTTCAAG 120 CAGACCATGA GCACCATGAG CGCCGCCAAG AAGAAGGACG TCATCAGCGA GAAGGGCGGC 180 AAGGTACAGA AGCAGTTCAA GTACGTGGAC GCCGCCAGCG CCACCCTCAA CGAGAAGGCC 240 GTCAAGGAGC TGAAGAAGGA CCCGAGCGTC GCCTACGTCG AGGAGGACCA CGTCGCCCAC 300 GCATATGCAC AGAGCGTCCC GTACGGCGTC AGCCAGATCA AGGCCCCGGC CCTCCACAGC 360 CAGGGCTACA CCGGCAGCAA CGTCAAGGTC GCCGTCATCG ACAGCGGCAT CGACAGCAGC 420 CACCCGGACC TCAAGGTCGC CGGCGGAGCT AGCATGGTCC CGAGCGAGAC CAACCCGTTC 480 CAGGACACCA ACAGCCATGG CACCCACGTC GCCGGCACCG TCGCCGCCCT CACCAACAGC 540 ATCGGCGTCC TCGGCGTCGC CCCGAGCGCC AGCCTCTACG CCGTCAAGGT ACTCGGCGCC 600 GACGGCAGCG GCCAGTACAG CTGGATCATC AACGGCATCG AGTGGGCCAT CGCCAACAAC 660 ATGGACGTCA TCACCATGAG CCTCGGCGGC CCGAGCGGCA GCGCCGCCCT CAAGGCCGCC 720 GTCGACAAGG CCGTCGCCAG CGGCGTCGTC GTCGTCGCCG CCGCCGGCAA CGAGGGCACC 780 AGCGGCAGCA GCAGCACCGT CGGCTACCCG GGCAAGTACC CGAGCGTCAT CGCCGTCGGC 840 GCCGTGGACA GCAGCAACCA GCGCGCGAGC TTCAGCAGCG TCGGCCCGGA GCTGGACGTC 900 ATGGCCCCGG GCGTCAGCAT CCAGAGCACC CTCCCGGGCA ACAAGTACGG CGCCTACAGC 960 GGCACCAGCA TGGCCAGCCC GCACGTCGCC GGCGCCGCTG CACTCATCCT CAGCAAGCAC 1020 CCGACCTGGA CCAACACCCA GGTCCGCAGC AGCCTGGAGA ACACCACCAC CAAGCTCGGC 1080 GACAGCTTCT ACTACGGCAA GGGCCTCATC AACGTCCAGG CCGCCGCCCA GTGACTCGAG 1140 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 22: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 13 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide 34-v (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: N- terminus of mature AAT (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 22: Glu Asp Pro Gin Gly Asp Ala Ala Gin Lys Thr Asp Thr 1 5 10 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 23: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 23: GCTTGACCTG TAACTCGGGC CAGGCGAGCT 30 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 24: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 24: CGCCTAGCCC GAGTTACAGG TCAAGCAGCT 30 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 25: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 37 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25: AGCTCCATGG CCGTGGCTCG AGTCTAGACG CGTCCCC 37 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 26: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: * (A) LENGTH: 33 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 26: GGGGACGCGT CTAGACTCGA GCCACGGCCA TGG 33 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 27: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 35 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear 34-vi (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 27: GCATGCAGGT GCTGAACACC ATGGTGAACA AACAC 35 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 28: ( ) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic ac d (C) STRANDEDNESS. single (D) TOPOLOGY- linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 28: TTCTTGTCCC TTTCGGTCCT CATCGTCCTC CT 32 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 29: (l) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 29: TGGCCTCTCC TCCAACTTGA CAGCCGGGAG CT 32 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 30: (l) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 30: TTCACCATGG TGTTCAGCAC CTGCATGCTG CA 32 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 31: (l) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 32 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic ac d (C) STRANDEDNESS: Single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (Xl) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31: CGATGAGGAC CGAAAGGGAC AAGAAGTGTT TG 32 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 32: ( ) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 35 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 32. 34-vιι CCCGGCTGTC AAGTTGGAGG AGAGGCCAAG GAGGA 35 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 33: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 29 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:33: GAGGATCCCC AGGGAGATGC TGCCCAGAA 29 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 34: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 34 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 34: CGCGCTCGAG TTATTTTTGG GTGGGATTCA CCAC 34 34-viii

Claims: IT IS CLAIMED: 1. A method of producing, in monocot plant cells, a mature heterologous protein selected from the group consisting of (i) mature, glycosylated α ι-antitrypsin (AAT) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature AAT produced in humans and a glycosylation pattern which increases serum halflife substantially over that of mature non-glycosylated AAT; (ii) mature, glycosylated antimrombin III (AΗII) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature AΗII produced in humans; (iii) mature human serum albumin (HSA) having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mature HSA produced in humans and having the folding pattern of native mature HSA as evidenced by its bilirubin-binding characteristics; and (iv) mature, active subtilisin BPN' (BPN') having the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as BPN 1 produced in Bacillus; the method comprising: (a) obtaining monocot cells transformed widi a chimeric gene having (i) a monocot transcriptional regulatory region, inducible by addition or removal of a small molecule, or during seed maturation, (ii) a first DNA sequence encoding die heterologous protein, and (iii) a second DNA sequence encoding a signal peptide, said first and second DNA sequences in translation-frame and encoding a fusion protein, and wherein (i) the transcriptional regulatory region is operably linked to die second DNA sequence, and (ii) said signal peptide is effective to facilitate secretion of the mature heterologous protein from the transformed cells; (b) cultivating die transformed cells under conditions effective to induce said transcriptional regulatory region, thereby promoting expression of the fusion protein and secretion of d e mature heterologous protein from the transformed cells; and (c) isolating said mature heterologous protein produced by ie transformed cells. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first DNA sequence encodes proBPN', said cultivating includes cultivating said transformed cells at a pH between 5-6 to promote expression and secretion of proBPN' from the cells, and said isolating step includes incubating me proBPN' under conditions effective to allow the autoconversion of proBPN' to active mature BPN'. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first DNA sequence encodes mature BPN', and said method further includes: transforming said cells with a second chimeric gene containing (i) a transcriptional 35 regulatory region inducible by addition or removal of a small molecule, or during seed maturation, (ii) a third DNA sequence encoding the pro-peptide moiety of BPN', and (iii) a fourth DNA sequence encoding a signal polypeptide, where said fourth DNA sequence is operably linked to said transcriptional regulatory region and said tiiird DNA sequence, and where said signal polypeptide is in translation-frame with said pro-peptide moiety and is effective to facilitate secretion of expressed pro-peptide moiety from the transformed cells; said cultivating step includes cultivating the transformed cells at a pH between 5-6 to promote expression and secretion of BPN' and die pro-peptide moiety from the cells; and said isolating step includes incubating the BPN" and the pro-moiety under conditions effective to allow the conversion of BPN' to active mature BPN', and isolating die active mature BPN'. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said signal peptide is die RAmy3D signal peptide having the amino acid sequence identified by SEQ ID NO:l. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said second DNA sequence encodes die RAmy3D signal peptide (SEQ ID NO:l) and has die codon-optimized nucleotide sequence identified by SEQ ID NO:3. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said signal peptide is die RAmylA signal peptide having the amino acid sequence identified by SEQ ID NO:4. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second DNA sequence, die first DNA sequence, or both die second and die first DNA sequence, is codon-optimized for enhanced expression in said plant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said transcriptional regulatory region is a promoter derived from a rice or barley α -amylase gene selected from the group consisting of the RAmylA, RAmylB, RAmy2A, RAmy3A, RAmy3B, RAmy3C, RAmy3D, and RAmy3E, pM/C, gKAmyl41, gKAmyl55, Amy32b, and HV18 genes. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the chimeric gene further comprises, between said transcriptional regulatory region and said second DNA coding sequence, the 5' untranslated region of an inducible monocot gene selected from the group consisting of RAmylA, RAmy3B, RAmy3C, RAmy3D, HV18, and RAmy3E. 36 10. The method of claim 8, wherein said chimeric gene further comprises, downstream of die sequence encoding said fusion protein, the 3' untranslated region of an inducible monocot gene derived from a rice or barley α -amylase gene selected from the group consisting of the RAmylA, RAmylB, RAmy2A, RAmy3A, RAmy3B, RAmy3C, RAmy3D, and RAmy3E, pM/C, gKAmyl41, gKAmyl55, Amy32b, and HV18 genes. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said cultivating includes culturing die transformed plant cells in a sugar-free or sugar-depleted medium, die transcriptional regulatory region is derived from the RAmy3E or RAmy3D gene, the 5' untranslated region is derived from the RAmylA gene and has die sequence identified by SEQ ID NO:5, and the 3' untranslated region is derived from the RAmylA gene. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the transformed cells are aleurone cells of mature seeds, die transcriptional regulatory region is upregulated by addition of a small molecule to promote seed germination, and said cultivating includes germinating said seeds, eidier in embryonated or de-embryonated form. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the transcriptional regulatory region is a rice α - amylase RAmylA promoter or a barley HV18 promoter, and said small molecule is gibberellic acid. 14. A mature heterologous protein produced by me method of claim 1, wherein said protein is selected from the group consisting of: (i) mamre glycoslyated αι -antitrypsin (AAT) having die same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mamre AAT produced in humans and having a glycosylation pattern which increases serum halflife substantially over that of non-glycosylated mature AAT; (ii) mamre glycosylated antidirombin III (ATIII) having me same N-terminal amino acid sequence as mamre AΗII produced in humans; and (iii) matore glycosylated subtilisin BPN' (BPN') having die same N-terminal amino acid sequence as BPN' produced in Bacillus; wherein said protein has a glycosylation pattern characteristic of proteins produced in said monocot plant. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said monocot plant cells are transformed rice, barley, corn, wheat, oat, rye, sorghum, or millet cells. 37 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said monocot plant cells are transformed rice or barley cells. 17. Plant cells capable of producing die mamre heterologous protein according to die method of claim 1, wherein said cultivating includes culturing me transformed plant cells in a sugar- free or sugar-depleted medium, die transcriptional regulatory region is derived from the RAmy3E or RAmy3D gene, the 5' untranslated region is derived from the RAmylA gene and has die sequence identified by SEQ ID NO:5, and die 3' untranslated region is derived from the RAmylA gene. 18. Seeds capable of producing die mamre heterologous protein according to d e method of claim 1, wherein said transformed cells are aleurone cells, the transcriptional regulatory region is upregulated by addition of a small molecule to promote seed germination, and said cultivating includes germinating said seeds, eidier in embryonated or de-embryonated form. 38

Inventors: RODRIGUEZ RAYMOND L, SUTLIFF THOMAS D, RODRIGUEZ, RAYMOND, L., SUTLIFF, THOMAS, D.
Applicants: APPLIED PHYTOLOGICS INC, RODRIGUEZ RAYMOND L, SUTLIFF THOMAS D, APPLIED PHYTOLOGICS, INC., RODRIGUEZ, RAYMOND, L., SUTLIFF, THOMAS, D.
Application year: 1998
Main classification: C12N15
IPC codes: A01H5, C07K14, C12N5, C12N9, C12N15, C12P21, C12R1