Coupling member, process cartridge and assembling method of process cartridge

Abstract: A coupling member (54) for coupling a first frame (13) for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a second frame for supporting a developing member for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, the coupling member includes a base; a shaft mounting portion provided in the base to mount a shaft (20) for rotatably coupling the first frame (13) and the second frame; an urging portion, provided in the base, for urging, to the second frame, a resilient member (26) for applying a resilient force between the first frame and the second frame; and a fixed portion, in the base, for fixing the base to the first frame.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART The present invention relates to a coupling member, a process cartridge and an assembling method of a process cartridge. Here, the process cartridge may be a cartridge which is detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus and which contains as a unit an electrophotographic photosensitive member and developing means. The process cartridge may be a cartridge which is detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus and which contains as a unit at least charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member and cleaning means for removing residual developer from the electrophotographic photosensitive member, as well as the developing means. Here, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus means an apparatus using an electrophotographic image formation type process to form an image on a recording medium. Examples of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus include electrophotographic copying machine, electrophotographic printer (laser beam printer, LED printer or the like), facsimile device and word processor. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or laser beam printer includes a photosensitive drum. The photosensitive drum is subjected to known processes including charging, exposure and development processes to form a toner image thereon, and the image thus formed is transferred onto a recording material such as a transfer sheet. Thereafter, the toner remaining on the photosensitive drum is removed by a cleaning device. In the field of such an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a process cartridge type is widely used, since the type is advantageous in the downsizing and easy maintenance. The process cartridge is detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus by a user and contains as a unit an electrophotographic photosensitive member or drum and at least one of process means such as charging means, developing means, cleaning means or the like. A process cartridge comprising frames which are coupled with a coupling member, is known, for example from EP-A-0 757 304, EP-A-0 586 044, EP-A-0740 231. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a coupling member, a process cartridge and an assembling method for a process cartridge, wherein an assembling operativity is improved. It is another object of the present invention to provide a coupling member capable of easily coupling a first frame supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a second frame for supporting a developing member for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, a process cartridge, an assembling method of the process cartridge using such a coupling member. According to the present invention, there is provided a coupling member for coupling a first frame for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a second frame for supporting a developing member for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, said coupling member comprising: (a) a base; (b) a shaft mounting portion provided in said base to mount a shaft for rotatably coupling said first frame and said second frame wherein said shaft provides a rotation axis for relative motion of said first and second frames; (c) an urging portion, provided in said base, for urging, to said second frame, a resilient member for applying a resilient force between said first frame and said second frame; and (d) a fixing portion, in said base, for fixing said base to said first frame. These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a laser beam printer loaded with a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a sectional view of a process cartridge. Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a frame coupling in the process cartridge according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a perspective view illustrating assembling of the process cartridge. Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating assembling of the process cartridge. Figure 6 is a perspective view illustrating an assembling state of a process cartridge. Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a relation of a cleaning frame and a coupling member of a process cartridge. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a coupling member. Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a frame connecting portion of a process cartridge. Figure 10 shows a coupling member, wherein (a) is a bottom view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a front view. Figure 11 shows a right-hand side coupling member, wherein (a) is a bottom view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a front view. Figure 12 is a perspective view of a modified example of the Embodiment 1. Figure 13 is a perspective view of a left side coupling member according to a modified example of Embodiment 1. Figure 14 is a perspective view of a left side coupling member according to a modified example of Embodiment 1. Figure 15 is a perspective view of a right-hand side coupling member according to a modified example of the Embodiment 1. Figure 16 is a perspective view of a right-hand side coupling member according to a modified example of the Embodiment 1. Figure 17 shows a left side coupling member. Figure 18 shows a right-hand side coupling member. Figure 19 is a longitudinal sectional view of a coupling member according to Embodiment 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A process cartridge and an image forming apparatus using the process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. < General arrangement of a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus loaded with the same> The general arrangement of the image forming apparatus will be first described. Figure 1 is a sectional illustration of a laser beam printer loaded with a process cartridge, as an exemplary image forming apparatus Figure 2 is a sectional illustration of a process cartridge. In this laser beam printer, as shown in Figure 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member of a drum configuration is exposed to a laser beam based on an image information supplied from an optical system 1 so that latent image is formed on the photosensitive member, and the latent image is developed with toner into a toner image. In synchronism with the formation of the toner image, a recording material 2 (recording sheet or the like) is fed by transporting means 3. The toner image formed on the photosensitive drum by an image formation station in a process cartridge B is transferred onto the recording material 2 by transferring means 4. The recording material 2 is fed to a fixing means 5, where the transferred toner image is fixed, and is discharged to a discharging portion 6. In the process cartridge B constituting the image formation station, the photosensitive drum 7 functioning as an image bearing member is rotated, and the surface thereof is charged uniformly by charging means 8, as shown in Figure 2. The light image from an optical system 1 is projected to a photosensitive drum 7 through an exposure opening 9 so that latent image is formed, and the latent image is developed into a visualized toner image. After the toner image is transferred onto the recording material 2 by the transferring means 4, the remaining toner is removed from the photosensitive drum 7 by the cleaning means 11. The process cartridge B comprises a first frame (cleaning frame 13) including the photosensitive drum 7, the cleaning means 11 and the like, and a second frame(toner developing device frame) including a toner container and a developing roller. The frames are coupled by coupling members which will be described hereinafter. The description will be made as to structures of each part of the image forming apparatus A and the process cartridge B. <Image forming apparatus> Various parts of the image forming apparatus A will be described. (Optical system) The optical system 1 projects a light image of image information read out of an external device, onto the photosensitive drum 7. As shown in Figure 1, a laser diode 1a, a polygonal mirror 1b, an imaging lens 1c and a reflection mirror 1d constituting the optical system are contained in a housing. When an image signal is supplied from an external device, the laser diode 1a emits a laser beam in accordance with the image signal, and the laser beam is directed to the polygonal mirror 1b. The polygonal mirror 1b is rotated at a high speed by a scanner motor directly connected thereto, and the image light reflected by the polygonal mirror 1b is projected onto the photosensitive drum 7 through the imaging lens 1c and the reflection mirror 1d, thus exposing the surface of the photosensitive drum 7 selectively. (Recording material feeding means) The feeding means 3 for feeding the recording material 2 will be described. The recording material 2 can be fed manually, or fed automatically from a cassette. In the manual feeding structure, as shown in Figure 1, the recording material 2 is set in a sheet feeding tray 3h, and the image formation is started. Then, the recording material 2 is fed into the main assembly 15 of the apparatus by a pick-up roller 3i from the sheet feeding tray 3h. The recording material is fed one by one by a pair of separation rollers 3j, and the leading edge of the recording material 2 abuts the pair of the registration rollers 3d. The registration rollers are then rotated in synchronism with the image forming operation to feed the recording material 2 into between the photosensitive drum 7 and the transfer roller 4. The toner image is transferred onto the recording material 2 between the photosensitive drum 7 and the transfer roller 4. The recording material 2, after the image transfer, is fed into the fixing means 5 through a feeding path 3e, and the toner image is fixed on the recording material 2 by the fixing means 5. The recording material is discharged out to the discharging portion 6 by a pair of discharging roller 3f and 3g. A guiding member 3k is provided between the rollers to guide the recording material 2. On the other hand, as a structure for feeding the recording material from the cassette, there is provided a mounting portion for a sheet feeding cassette 3a at a bottom portion in the main assembly 15 of the apparatus as shown in Figure 1. When the recording material 2 is not fed manually, the recording material 2 is picked up from the cassette 3a loaded in the mounting portion by a pick-up roller 3b and is fed by a feeding roller 3c one by one to the registration rollers. After that recording material is fed in the same manner as with the recording material manually fed. (Transferring means) The transferring means 4 functions to transfer the toner image onto the recording material 2 from the photosensitive drum 7, and the transferring means 4 of this embodiment includes a transfer roller 4. Thus, the recording material 2 is pressed onto the photosensitive drum 7 of the process cartridge B by the transfer roller 4. The transfer roller 4 is supplied with a voltage having a polarity opposite from that of the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 7, so that toner image is transferred from the photosensitive drum 7 onto the recording material 2. (Fixing means) The fixing means 5 functions to fix the toner image which has been transferred onto the recording material 2 by voltage application to the transfer roller 4. As shown in Figure 1, it comprises a driving roller 5a and a fixing roller 5b press-contacted to and driven by the driving roller 5a, the fixing roller 5b including therein a heat generating member. When the recording material 2 having the transferred toner image is passed through a nip between the driving roller 5a and the fixing roller 5b, the recording material 2 is pressed by the rollers 5a, 5b, and is heated by the heat generation in the fixing roller 5b. By this, the toner image is fixed on the recording material 2. <Process cartridge > In the process cartridge B of this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 having the photosensitive layer is rotated, and the surface thereof is uniformly charged by voltage application to the charging roller 8 (charging means). After the surface is charged, it is exposed to the light image supplied from the optical system 1, through the exposure opening 9, so that latent image is formed, and the latent image is developed by the developing device 10. The developing device 10 feeds the toner from a toner accommodating portion 10a by a first rotatable feeding member 10b1 and a second feeding member 10b2. A developing roller 10d which is a developing roller containing therein a fixed magnet 10c is rotated, and a toner layer having triboelectric charge provided by a developing blade 10e is formed on the surface of the developing roller 10d. The toner is transited onto the photosensitive drum 7 in accordance with the latent image so that visualized toner image is formed. After the toner image is transferred onto the recording material 2 by the application of the voltage of the opposite polarity to the transfer roller 4, the residual toner is removed from the photosensitive drum 7 by the cleaning means 11. More particularly, the toner remaining on the photosensitive drum 7 is scrapped off by a cleaning blade 11a, and the removed toner is received by a receptor sheet 11b and is collected in a residual toner accommodating portion llc. At a contact portion between the photosensitive drum 7 and the transfer roller 4, the cartridge frame has an opening, which can be closed by a drum shutter 28. The drum shutter 28 has a quadric link mechanism having a fixed portion which is the cartridge frame, and the drum shutter 28 is supported by a link 29 and other links (arms not shown). The elements such as the photosensitive drum 7 is contained in a cartridge frame constituted by coupling a toner developing device frame comprising as a unit a developing device frame 12, cap 12c and a toner accommodating portion 10a and a toner frame welded together, and a cleaning frame 13. The cartridge is detachably mountable relative to the cartridge mounting means in the main assembly 15 of the apparatus. More particularly, the cleaning frame 13 and the developing device frame 12 are rotatably coupled by a shaft portion 20, and a compression coil spring 26 is disposed compressed between the cleaning frame 13 and the developing device frame 12. By the weight of the toner developing device frame and the spring force of the compression coil spring 26, a spacer roller having a diameter larger than the developing roller 10d (unshown) and provided at each of the ends of the developing roller 10d, is press-contacted to the photosensitive drum 7 to define a developing gap. The cleaning frame 13 and the developing device frame 12 are of plastic resin material. The plastic resin material may include polystyrene, ABS resin material(acrylonitrile/ butadiene/ styrene copolymer resin material), polycarbonate, polyethylene and polypropylene. < Mounting-and-demounting structure of the process cartridge > The description will be made as to the structure for mounting and demounting of the process cartridge B relative to the image forming apparatus A. When the process cartridge B is mounted or demounted, an openable member 14 is opened. When the openable member 14 as the cartridge mounting means is rotated about the shaft 14a to open it, guide rails 15a, 15b in the form of aprons are seen at both of the lateral side of the cartridge mounting space. Corresponding to the guide rails 15a, 15b, guide portions are provided at both of the ends of the process cartridge B along the guide rails 15a, 15b. The guide portions are projected at symmetrical positions (in the direction of the cartridge frame), and include a boss 16a as a first guide portion and a rib 16b as a second guide portion, as shown in Figures 1, 3. The opposite longitudinal end has the same guiding portion, although not shown. The boss 16a part is disposed on an extension line of the rotation shaft of the photosensitive drum 7, and the rib 16b is above the boss 16a. At the center of the boss 16a, an end of the drum shaft for supporting the photosensitive drum 7 is exposed outwardly to function as a grounding contact (unshown) of a cartridge. With this structure, when the process cartridge B is to be mounted, it is slid below the optical system 1 of the apparatus so that boss 16a and the rib 16b move along the guide rails 15a, 15b. When the process cartridge B is inserted, the contact surface 18a adjacent each of the opposite ends of the leading end portion of the cleaning frame 13 is abutted to the abutment member 18b provided in the main assembly 15 of the apparatus. Then the process cartridge B is rotated in the direction of arrow a, so that boss 16a of the process cartridge B falls in the recess 15a1 formed at a terminal end portion of the guide rail 15a. By this, a drum gear (unshown) fixed to an end of the photosensitive drum 7 is brought into meshing engagement with a driving gear(unshown) of the main assembly 15, so that driving force becomes transmittable from the main assembly to the process cartridge B. Before the process cartridge B is mounted in this manner, a projected portion of a link 29 supporting a drum shutter 28 is blocked from entering so as to open the drum shutter 28. When the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 15 of the apparatus, one end of the lever 17b of the urging means 17 journaled to the main assembly 15 pushes the upper surface at the right side of the boss 16a in Figure 1. The other end of the lever 17b which is journaled at its middle portion on the main assembly 15a of the apparatus by a pin 17a, is urged by a tension coil spring 17c so that lever 17b is urged for the clockwise rotation. The rotation of the lever 17b by the coil spring 17c is limited by the stopper 17d. When the openable member 14 is closed, the cartridge is urged downwardly by the compression coil spring 21b of the urging means 21 provided on the openable member 14, and an upper portion of the process cartridge B at the trailing side, with respect to the mounting direction, is pressed by the pin 21a supported for vertical movement. Thus, the process cartridge B is correctly positioned in the main assembly 15. Referring to Figures 3-10, the description will be made as to a coupling structure between the cleaning frame 13 (the first frame) supporting the photosensitive drum and the developing device frame 12 (the second frame) supporting the developing roller 10d. The developing device frame 12 is coupled with the toner frame, and is integral with the toner frame. Figures 3, 4 are exploded perspective views before the first frame and the second frame are coupled with the coupling member. Figures 5, 6 are perspective views after the first frame and the second frame are coupled by the coupling member. In Figures 5 and 6, only a part of the developing device frame 12 is indicated by chain lines. Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a connecting portion between the first frame and the second frame. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a coupling member alone. Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the connecting or coupling portion between the first frame and the second frame. Figures 10 and 11 show the coupling member. As shown in Figure 8, the coupling member 54 includes a compression coil spring 26 for urging the developing roller 10d toward the photosensitive drum 7 and a spring supporting portion 55e for supporting the compression coil spring 26. It further includes a shaft portion 20 for rotatably coupling the fixing member 55, the developing device frame 12 and the cleaning frame 13, and includes a second shaft portion 55d for supporting the shaft portion 20 and for supporting opposite longitudinal ends of the developing device frame 12. It further includes a hole 55f for fixing the fixing member 55 which is a main body of the coupling member 54 to the cleaning frame 13, and a retainer portion 55b provided in the fixing member 55 to retain the coupling member 54. The configuration of the coupling member 54 will be described. As shown in Figure 3, the fixing member 55 has a side portion 55a in the form of a plate extending substantially vertically when the coupling member is mounted, and the side portion 55a is provided parallel with and adjacent to a vertical side surfaces 13a of each of the longitudinal ends of the cleaning frame 13. An upper portion 55g is extended from the side portion 55a and is bent longitudinally inwardly. It has a substantially horizontal plate-like shape. The section taken along a longitudinal and vertical plane of the upper portion 55g and side portion 55a is substantially L-shaped. The upper portion 55g has a shape and dimensions snugly fitting on the recessed seat 13c provided at an downstream corner as seen from an inserting direction of the process cartridge B, at each of left and right ends of the upper surface 13b of the cleaning frame 13. The upper portion 55g of the fixing member 55 has a longitudinal edge line between slightly bent first upper portion 55g1 and second upper portion 55g2. For conformity with this configuration, the bottom surface of the recessed seat 13c of the frame 13 has a first bottom surface 13d1 and a second bottom surface 13d2. The portion providing the bottom surfaces 13d1 and 13d2 is in the form of a plate. The depth of the recess 13c of the cleaning frame 13 and the thickness of the upper portion 55g of the fixing member 55 are substantially the same. The side portion 55a of the fixing member 55 has a portion 55a1 extended in the inserting direction of the process cartridge B when it is mounted to the cartridge frame. The extension 55a1 is provided with a circular second shaft portion 55d directed longitudinally inwardly of the cleaning frame 13. A retainer portion 55b is provided at the bottom of the extension 55al. The retainer portion 55b is slightly offset longitudinally outwardly beyond the side portion 55a. The retainer portion 55b is engaged with a retaining groove 13e dug down between the side surface 13a of the cleaning frame 13 and the upper surface of the rib 16b, so that fixing member 55 is retained and correctly positioned in the longitudinal direction. The second upper portion 55g2 of the fixing member 55 is provided with a through hole 55f for a small screw 56. As shown in Figures 7, 8, the lower surface of the upper portion 55g of the fixing member 55 of the coupling member 54 is provided with a projection functioning as a spring supporting portion 55e for fastening the compression coil spring 26. The spring supporting portion 55e is a stepped dowel including a large diameter portion 55e1 providing a seat for the spring, and a small diameter portion 55e2 around which the compression coil spring 26 is press-fitted. The axis of the spring supporting portion 55e is aligned with a center line of the compression coil spring 26 press-fitted around the small diameter portion 55e2, and the center line is perpendicular to the upper surface of the arm portion 12b1 of the developing device frame 12 shown in Figure 3 when the compression coil spring 26 is press-fitted, in the state after the process cartridge is assembled. The hole portion 55f and the spring supporting portion 55e have their centers in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The spring supporting portion 55e is disposed between the hole portion 55f and the shaft portion 20. The shaft portion 20 is cylindrical and has its axis extending in the longitudinal direction, and is at the center of the second shaft portion 55d. When the coupling member 54 is mounted in the manner described above, the shaft portion 20 is extended longitudinally and horizontally, and the compression coil spring 26 extends vertically, in the state wherein the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 15. Thus, the shaft portion 20 and the compression coil spring 26 are crossed with each other without crossing point. As shown in Figure 3, the cleaning frame 13 is provided at each of the longitudinal ends with a recess 13m for engagement with an arm portion 12b1 projected toward the cleaning frame 13 at each of the longitudinal ends of the developing device frame 12. The side portion 13a of the cleaning frame 13 is provided with an outer through hole 13f toward the recess 13m, for engagement with the second shaft portion 55d of the coupling member 54. The first bottom surface 13d1 of the recessed seat 13c is provided with a round hole 13g for receiving the compression coil spring 26. The round hole 13g is disposed right above the middle of the arm portion 12b1 in the state when the arm portion 12b1 is in the recess 13m. As shown in Figure 9, a middle wall 13h is provided and is parallel with the side surface 13a of the cleaning frame 13, and the recess 13m is defined by the middle wall 13h and the side surface 13a therebetween. From the middle wall 13h, a circular boss 13i is projected outwardly, and the boss 13i has, at its center, an inner through-hole 13j for engagement with the shaft portion 20. The end surface of the boss 13i functions as an abutment 13k for correct positioning. As shown in Figure 9, the outer surface 55b1 of the retainer portion 55b is in contact with the outer side surface 13e1 of the retaining groove 13e, in the state when the retainer portion 55b of the coupling member 54 is engaged with the retaining groove 13e provided at each side of the cleaning frame 13. As shown in Figure 9, the end surface of the second shaft portion 55d functions as an abutment 55b2 relative to the side surface of the outside of the arm portion 12b1. The other abutment surface 13k of cleaning frame 13 is contacted to the inside surface of the arm portion 12b1. Thus, the developing device frame 12 and the cleaning frame 13 are correctly positioned in the longitudinal direction. At the other longitudinal end (opposite from the end shown in Figure 9), there may be a gap between the arm portion 12b1 and the abutment surface 55b2 and/or 13k. The description will be made as to the assembling of the cleaning frame 13 and the developing device frame 12 having the above-described structure. The developing device frame 12 supports a developing roller 10d containing therein a fixed magnet 10c and a developing blade 10e or the like. The developing member 12 is coupled with a toner accommodating portion 10a having a welded cap 12c, and the toner accommodating portion 10a contains toner, thus constituting a developing unit. The cleaning frame 13 supports the charging roller 8, the cleaning blade 11a, the receptor sheet 11b, the photosensitive drum 7 or the like, thus constituting a cleaning unit. When an arm portion 12b1 of the developing device frame 12 is inserted into the recess 13m of the cleaning frame 13 to abut the bottom of the recess 13m, the hole 12b2 formed at the center of the semicircular free end of the arm portion 12b1 is slightly beyond the position at which it is exactly aligned with the inner through-hole 13j, but they are generally aligned. As shown in Figure 4, the shaft portion 20 of the coupling member 54 is aligned with the longitudinal direction, and the beveled end of the shaft portion 20 is faced to the outer through-hole 13f. The hole 55f side is raised such that free end of the compression coil spring 26 in the free state is above the recessed seat 13c of the cleaning frame 13, and the shaft portion 20 is inserted through the outer through-hole 13f and is engaged into the hole 12b2 of the arm portion 12b1. Immediately after the insertion into the inner through-hole 13j, the second shaft portion 55d enters the outer through-hole 13f. With further insertion, the abutment surface 55b2 of the second shaft portion 55d urges the outer surface of the arm portion I2b1 to move the arm portion 12b1 and therefore the developing unit toward the right, so that inner surface of the arm portion 12b1 abuts the surface 13k of the cleaning frame 13. Here, the coupling member 54 is rotated about the shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d. Then, the compression coil spring 26 enters the round hole 13g, so that end of the compression coil spring 26 (resilient member) abuts the arm portion 12b1 of the developing device frame 12, as shown in Figure 5 by an arrow. With further rotation of the coupling member 54, the compression coil spring 26 is compressed, and the developing device frame 12 is rotated about the first shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d, the spacer rollers of the developing roller 10d are abutted to the photosensitive drum 7. As shown in Figure 6, when the upper portion 55g of the frame coupling member 54 is pressed, the upper portion 55g is seated on the recessed seat 13c of the cleaning frame 13. Here, while the upper portion is kept pressed toward the recessed seat 13c, the small screw 56 is threaded into the screw 13n through the hole 55f, so that fixing member 55 of the frame coupling member 54 is fixed to the cleaning frame 13. When the fixing member 55 of the coupling member 54 is pressed to the recessed seat 13c of the cleaning frame 13 against the spring force of the compression coil spring 26, a retainer portion 55b in the form of a rib is engaged with the retaining groove 13e. The compression coil spring 26 may be inserted into the round hole 13g rather than mounting it to the coupling member 54. In the disassembling operation, the small screw 56 is dismounted while the upper portion 55g of the fixing member 55 is kept pressed. Then, the pressing force is reduced, and the compression coil spring 26 spring back to rotate the coupling member 54 upwardly about the first shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d. After the compression coil spring 26 expands to its free length, the fixing member 55 is raised, and then the coupling member 54 rises by rotation about the shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d, so that compression coil spring 26 extends beyond the round hole 13g of the seat portion 13c of the cleaning frame 13. When the coupling member 54 is pulled outwardly in the longitudinal direction, the second shaft portion 55d is removed from the outer through-hole 13f, and then the first shaft portion 20 is removed from the inner through-hole 13j and the hole 12b2 of the arm portion 12b1. As a result, the cleaning frame 13 and the developing device frame 12 are released from each other so that arm portion 12b1 can be pulled out from the recess 13m of the cleaning frame 13. Figure 12 shows an example in which the coupling member 54 is mounted to the cleaning frame 13 using a snap fit mechanism. Figures 13-16 are perspective views of the coupling member of this example, and Figures 17, 18 are three side views thereof. At an end of the coupling member 54 which is opposite from the end having the shaft portion 20, an inverse claw 55c is provided extending from the end of the upper portion 55g, and the correspondingly, a non-circular hole 13p in which the inverse claw 55c is to be snap-fitted is formed in the recessed seat 13c of the cleaning frame 13. The assembling method is the same as with the foregoing embodiment, except that at the last stage, the upper portion 55g is pushed toward the seat portion 13c by rotation about the shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d, so that leading edge of the inverse claw 55c flexes toward the shaft portion 20 by the edge defining the non-circular hole 13p. When the inverse claw 55c is completely received by the non-circular hole 13p, the inverse claw 55c spring-backs to be locked on the edge defining the non-circular hole 13p. According to this embodiment, the assembling operation is easy and accurate, since the shaft member of the frame coupling member having the compression coil spring is inserted through the outer through-hole(opening) of the first frame, the hole(opening) of the second frame and the inner through-hole(opening) of the first frame, while the first frame and the second frame are abutted to each other; and the compression coil spring is compressed by rotation about the shaft portion, and the fixing member is threaded by a screw or is snap-fitted to the first frame. In the foregoing embodiments and the embodiments which will be described hereinafter, the first frame is provided with a recess, and the second frame is provided with a projected portion(arm portion 12bl), and the projected portion is inserted into the recess, but the relation may be opposite. More particularly, the cleaning frame(first frame) may be provided with an arm portion as the projected portion, and the arm portion is inserted into a recess formed in the developing device frame(second frame), so that frames are coupled with each other by the above-described frame coupling member. In the restraining portion of the coupling member is provided at a bottom portion, but it may be located otherwise. More particularly, a restraining member in the form of a dowel may be provided on the longitudinally inner bottom surface of the upper portion or the like, and the seat portion may be provided with a hole which receives the restraining member when the shaft portion is inserted into the openings of the frames and the frame coupling member rotates toward the first frame. Other examples of the first shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d are: (1) the fixing member 55, the first shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d are integrally formed. (2) the first shaft portion 20 and the second shaft portion 55d are integrally formed, and the integral member is insert-molded with the fixing member. (3) the shaft portion is in the form of one rod without the step, and the outer through-hole 13f has the same diameter as the hole 12b2 of the arm portion and as the inner hole 13j. In this example, when the second shaft portion 55d has a diameter larger than that of the first shaft portion 20, the arm portion 12b1 of the developing device frame 12 is sandwiched by the end surface of the second shaft portion 55d and the abutment surface 13k of the boss projecting into the recess 13 of the cleaning frame 13. By doing so, the longitudinal positional relation between the cleaning frame 13 and the developing device frame 12, is assured in the longitudinal direction. Embodiment 2 Referring to Figure 19, Embodiment 2 will be described. Figure 13 is a schematic sectional view of the coupling member according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The same reference numerals as in the foregoing embodiment are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted for simplicity. In Embodiment 1, the positioning shaft portion 20 is integral with the fixing member 55, but they may be separate members. In Embodiment 2, the first shaft portion can be inserted into the second shaft portion. More particularly, the second shaft portion 155d of the fixing member 155 is provided at the center with a hole portion 155b snugly fitted with the shaft member 120. The shaft member 120 is projected from the side surface 13a of the cleaning frame 13 in the assembled state, and the projection height thereof is b. The arm portion 12b1 of the developing device frame 12 is inserted into the recess 13m of the cleaning frame 13, and thereafter, is inserted through the outer through-hole 13f, so that shaft member 120 is inserted through the hole 12b2 of the arm portion 12b1 and the inner through-hole 13j of the inner wall recess 13m of the cleaning frame 13, as shown in Figure 13. Here, the hole portion 155b and the shaft member 120 are aligned with each other, while the compression coil spring 26 is placed at a level higher than the seat portion 13c of the cleaning frame 13, and then, the fixing member 155 is moved horizontally toward the shaft member 120. Then, the hole portion 155b is first engaged with the shaft member 120. With further insertion of the fixing member 155, the second shaft portion 155d is inserted into the outer through-hole 13f, and the end surface of the second shaft portion 155d pushes the arm portion 12b1 so that arm portion 12b1 which is abutted to the surface 13k provided faced to the recess 13m of the cleaning frame 13. The subsequent assembling operation is the same as with Embodiment 1. The projection length b of the shaft member 120 from the side surface 13a of the cleaning frame 13 during the assembling operation, is larger than zero (b>0), and therefore, the hole portion 155b is engaged with the shaft member 120, and immediately thereafter, the second shaft portion 155d (outer diameter) is engaged with the external through-hole 13f of the cleaning frame 13. Therefore, the assembling operativity is maintained. Additionally, the same as Embodiment 1 applies with respect to the improvement in the productivity of the cleaning frame 13 and the retaining effect for the shaft member. The insertion molding is not necessary, since they are separate member, and therefore, the productivity is improved. (specific Embodiment 1) A first specific embodiment is shown in Figures 10, 11. Figure 10 shows a left side coupling member 54, and Figure 11 shows a right-hand side coupling member 54. In Figure 10, (a), the total length L1 of the left side coupling member 54 is 50mm-65mm, and preferably, approx. 57.8mm. The total length L2 in the axial direction at the position of the shaft portion 20 is 25mm-40mm, and preferably, approx. 33.3mm. The diameter d of the shaft portion 20 is 3mm-5mm, and preferably, approx. 4mm. In Figure 10, (b), the height H is 5mm-20mm, and preferably, approx. 12.5mm. The free length of the compression coil spring 26 is 15mm-20mm, and preferably, is approx. 17mm, and the outer diameter thereof is 3mm-5mm, and preferably, approx. 4mm. In Figure 11, (a), the total length L1 of the right-hand side frame coupling member 54 is 50mm-65mm, and preferably approx. 56.5mm. The total length L2 in the axial direction at the position of the shaft portion 20 is 25mm-40mm, and preferably, approx. 27.4 mm. The diameter d of the shaft portion 20 is 3mm-5mm, and preferably, approx. 4mm. In Figure 11, (b), the height H is approx. 24mm. The spring specifications of the compression coil springs 26 at the left and right sides are the same. The distance L3 between the shaft portion 20 and the screw bore 55f is 39mm-53mm, and preferably, approx. 45mm (both at the left and right sides). The fixing member 55 which is the main body of the coupling member 54 is of synthetic resin material; the shaft portion 20 is of stainless steel or plated steel material; and the compression coil spring 26 is of a wire material of spring steel. (Specific Embodiment 2) A second specific embodiment is shown in Figures 17, 18. Figure 17 shows a left side coupling member 54, and Figure 18 shows a right-hand side coupling member 54. In Figure 17, (a), the total length L1 of the left side coupling member 54 is 50mm-65mm, and preferably, approx. 57.8mm. The total length L2 in the axial direction at the position of the shaft portion 20 is 25mm-40mm, and preferably, approx. 33.3mm. The diameter d of the shaft portion 20 is 3mm-5mm, and preferably, approx. 4mm. In Figure 17, (b), the height H is 5mm-20mm, and preferably, approx. 12.5mm. The distance between the claw 55c and the urging portion 55e is 10mm-20mm, and preferably approx. 15.6mm. The distance between the shaft 20 and the claw 55c is 45mm-55mm, and preferably, approx. 50.6mm. The inclination angle  of the urging portion 55e is 60°-80°, and preferably, approx. 70°. The total length L1 of the right-hand side coupling member 54 is 50mm-65mm, and preferably, approx. 56.5mm. The total length L2 in the axial direction at the position of the shaft portion 20 is 25mm-40mm, and preferably, approx. 27.4 mm. The diameter d of the shaft portion 20 is 3mm-5mm, and preferably, approx. 4mm. In Figure 17, (b), the height H is 5mm-20mm, and preferably, approx. 12.5mm. The distance between the claw 55c and the urging portion 55e is 10mm-20mm, and preferably approx. 15.6mm. The distance between the shaft 20 and the claw 55c is 45mm-55mm, and preferably, approx. 50.6mm. The inclination angle  of the urging portion 55e is 60°-80°, and preferably, approx. 70°. The coupling member described in the foregoing is summarized as follows. The process cartridge is assembled using the coupling member. A coupling member (e.g. 54) for coupling a first frame(e.g. Cleaning frame 13) for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member(e.g. Electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7) and a second frame(e.g. Developing device frame 12) for supporting a developing member(e.g. Developing roller 10d) for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, said coupling member (54) comprising: (a) a base(e.g. Fixing member 55); (b) a shaft mounting portion(e.g. Second shaft portion 55d) provided in said base to mount a shaft(e.g. Shaft portion 20) for rotatably coupling said first frame and said second frame; (c) an urging portion(e.g. Spring supporting portion 55e), provided in said base, for urging, to said second frame, a resilient member (e.g. Compression coil spring 26) for applying a resilient force between said first frame and said second frame; (d) a fixed portion (inverse claw 55c, hole 55f for small screw), in said base, for fixing said base to said first frame. Said urging portion will suffice if it urges the elastic member to the second frame, and is not necessarily have an elastic member; Said urging portion has a first projected portion(e.g. Large diameter portion 55e1) projected from said base inclinedly toward said shaft mounting portion, and a second projected portion(e.g. Small diameter portion 55e2) provided at a free end portion of said first projected portion, wherein said first projected portion and second projected portion are circular in outer shapes as seen in a projecting direction, and said second projected portion has an outer diameter which is smaller than an outer diameter of said first projected portion, and wherein said elastic member is mountable to a circular portion of said second projected portion; The urging portion is not necessarily projected from the base, but is an elastic member bonded by a bonding agent to a flat portion of a concave of a base; Said first projected portion is provided with a rib (55k) for regulating a position of said first projected portion relative to said first frame when said base is fixed to said first frame. The rib is extended substantially parallel with a projecting direction of said first projected portion, and is projected fro a circular outer surface of said first projected portion. One end of a coil spring as the elastic member is mounted to the circular portion of said second projected portion. Said shaft mounting portion is projected from said base in a direction crossing with a longitudinal direction of said base, and is cylindrical in shape, and said shaft is mountable to an inner surface of said cylindrical. One end of a metal rod as said shaft is mounted to an inner surface of said cylindrical portion. Said fixed portion is a screw bore(e.g. A hole 55f for a small screw), and said base is fixed to said first frame by fastening a screw to said first frame through said screw bore. Said fixed portion is a claw(e.g. inverse claw 55c), and said claw is resiliently engaged with said first frame so that base is fixed to said first frame. Said claw is projected from said base inclinedly toward said urging portion, and is substantially parallel with the projected portion of said urging portion, wherein an end of the claw is directed toward said urging portion, and to said projected portion a coil spring as said elastic member is mountable. Said shaft mounting portion, said urging portion and said fixed portion are provided in this order in a direction from one longitudinal end to the other longitudinal end of said base. By doing so, the fixed portion is located more remote from said shaft than said urging portion. Therefore, the force imparted to said fixed portion is smaller than an elastic force of said elastic member imparted to said urging portion. Accordingly, the mechanical strength required for the fixed portion is smaller. The force for pressing said fixed portion against the elastic force of said elastic member when the base is fixed to the first frame, can be reduced. Said base has a flat portion(e.g. Upper portion 55g) and an extension (55al) extended from a lateral end of said flat portion in a longitudinal direction of said flat portion, and said urging portion and said fixed portion are provided to said flat portion, and said shaft mounting portion is provided on said extension. The extension is provided with a position regulating portion(e.g. Retainer portion 55b) for regulating a position of said extension relative to said first frame by engagement with a groove of said first frame. The developing roller (10d) as said developing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) are urged toward each other by the elastic force of said resilient member through a spacer-roller. Said shaft is of metal, and said base, said shaft mounting portion, said urging portion and said fixed portion are of plastic resin material and are integrally formed. When said coupling member is mounted to said first frame, a shaft mounted to said shaft mounting portion is engaged in a hole formed in said first frame, and by rotating said base toward said first frame about the shaft, said claw is engaged with said first frame, and said coupling member is fixed to said first frame by said shaft and said claw. The process cartridge is assembled through the following assembling process. An assembling method for a process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising the steps of: (a) a first step of supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member on a first frame; (b) a second step of supporting a developing member for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, on a second frame; (c) a third step of coupling said first frame and said second frame by a coupling member, which includes: a base; a shaft for rotatably coupling said first frame and said second frame relative to each other; a shaft mounting portion, provided in said base, for mounting said shaft, wherein one end of said shaft is mounted to said shaft mounting portion; an elastic member for applying a resilient force between said first frame and a second frame; an urging portion, provided in said base, for urging said elastic member to said second frame, wherein said elastic member is mounted to said urging portion;' a fixed portion, provided in said base, for fixing said base to said first frame, wherein said base is fixed to said first frame at a fixed portion; wherein said third step including: engaging a shaft mounted to said shaft mounting portion into a hole formed in said first frame; rotating said base toward said first frame about a shaft engaged in said hole; said third step further including: fixing said base to said first frame by threading a screw to said first frame through a screw bore as said fixed portion; said third step further including: fixing said base to said first frame by resilient engagement of a claw as said fixed portion with said first frame. In the embodiments described, the biasing means is mounted on the coupling member. It is however foreseen that the second frame may have the biasing means mounted thereon to bear against the coupling member after the coupling member is brought into its position for fixing to the first frame. As described in the foregoing, according to the present invention, there are provided a coupling member, a process cartridge and a process cartridge wherein assembling operativity is improved. Furthermore, there is provided an coupling member capable of easily coupling a first frame supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a second frame for supporting a developing member for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, a process cartridge, an assembling method of the process cartridge using such a coupling member. While the invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the scope of the following claims.

Claims: A coupling member (54) for coupling a first frame (13) for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive ' member (7) and a second frame (12) for supporting a developing member (10d) for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, said coupling member (54) comprising: (a) a base (55); (b) a shaft mounting portion (55d) provided in said base to mount a shaft (20) for rotatably coupling said first frame (13) and said second frame (12), wherein said shaft (20) provides a rotation axis for relative rotation of said first (13) and second (12) frames; (c) an urging portion (55e), provided in said base (55), for urging, to said second frame, a resilient member (26) for applying a resilient force between said first frame and said second frame; and (d) a fixing portion (55f), in said base (55), for fixing said base (55) to said first frame (13). A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said urging portion has a first projected portion (55e1) projected from said base inclinedly toward said shaft mounting portion, and a second projected portion (55e2) provided at a free end portion of said first projected portion (55e1), wherein said first projected portion and second projected portion are circular in outer shapes as seen in a projecting direction, and said second projected portion has an outer diameter which is smaller than an outer diameter of said first projected portion, and wherein said elastic member (26) is mountable to a circular portion of said second projected portion (55e2). A coupling member according to Claim 2, wherein said first projected portion (55e1) is provided with a rib (55k) for regulating a position of said first projected portion relative to said first frame when said base is fixed to said first frame, and the rib is extended substantially parallel with a projecting direction of said first projected portion, and is projected from a circular outer surface of said first projected portion. A coupling member according to Claim 3, wherein one end of a coil spring as said elastic member (26) is mounted to the circular portion of said second projected portion (55e2). A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said shaft mounting portion (55d) is projected from said base in a direction crossing with a longitudinal direction of said base, and is cylindrical in shape, and said shaft (20) is mountable to an inner surface of the cylindrical shaft mounting portion (55d). A coupling member according to Claim 5, wherein one end of a metal rod as said shaft (20) is mounted to an inner surface of the cylindrical shaft mounting portion. A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said fixing portion (55f) is a screw bore, and said base (55) can be fixed to said first frame (13) by threading a screw (56) to said first frame (13) through said screw bore. A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said fixing portion is a claw (55c), and said claw is resiliently engageable with said first frame (13) so that said base can be fixed to said first frame. A coupling member according to Claim 8, wherein said claw (55c) is projected from said base (55) inclinedly toward said urging portion (55e), and is substantially parallel with the projected portion (55e1, 55e2) of said urging portion, wherein an end of the claw is directed toward said urging portion, and to said projected portion (55e1, 55e2) a coil spring (26) as said elastic member is mountable. A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said resilient member (26) is a coil spring. A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said shaft mounting portion (55d), said urging portion (55e) and said fixing portion (55e) are provided in this order in a direction from one longitudinal end to the other longitudinal end of said base (55). A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said base (55) has a flat portion (55g) and an extension (55a1) extended from a lateral end of said flat portion in a longitudinal direction of said flat portion, and said urging portion (55e) and said fixing portion (55f) are provided to said flat portion (55g), and said shaft mounting portion (55d) is provided on said extension (55a1). A coupling member according to Claim 12, wherein the extension (55a1) is provided with a position regulating portion (55b) for regulating a position of said extension relative to said first frame by engagement with a groove (13e) of said first frame. A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein the developing roller (10d) as said developing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member (7) can be urged toward each other by the resilient force of said resilient member (26) through a spacer-roller. A coupling member according to Claim 1, wherein said shaft (20) is of metal, and said base (55), said shaft mounting portion (55d) said urging portion (55e) and said fixing portion (55f) are of plastic resin material and are integrally formed. A coupling member according to Claim 8, wherein when said coupling member (54) is mounted to said first frame (13), a shaft (20) mounted to said shaft mounting portion (55d) is engaged in a hole (13f) formed in said first frame, and by rotating said base (55) toward said first frame (13) about the shaft (20), said claw (55c) is engaged with said first frame, and said coupling member (54) is fixed to said first frame by said shaft (20) and said claw (55c). A process cartridge (B) detachably mountable to a main assembly (A) of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising: (a) an electrophotographic photosensitive member (7); (b) a developing member (10d) for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member; (c) a first frame (13) supporting said electraphotographic photosensitive member (7); (d) a second frame (12) supporting said developing member (10d); and (e) a coupling member (54) coupling said first frame (13) and said second frame (12), said coupling member including: 1) a base (55); 2) a shaft (20) which couples said first frame and said second frame for rotation relative to each other about said shaft (20); 3) a shaft mounting portion (55d), provided in said base (55), for mounting said shaft (20), wherein one end of said shaft is mounted to said shaft mounting portion; 4) an elastic member (26) applying a resilient force between said first frame and a second frame; 5) an urging portion (55e), provided in said base (55), for urging said resilient member (26) to said second frame (12), wherein said resilient member is urged to said second frame by said urging portion; and 6) a fixing portion (55f), provided in said base, for fixing said base to said first frame (13), wherein said base is fixed to said first frame at a fixed portion. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said urging portion (55e) has a first projected portion (55e1) projected from said base inclinedly toward said shaft mounting portion, and a second projected portion (55e2) provided at a free end portion of said first projected portion, wherein the outer shapes of said first projected portion and second projected portion are circular as seen in a projecting direction, and said second projected portion has an outer diameter which is smaller than an outer diameter of said first projected portion, and wherein said elastic member (26) is mounted to a circular portion of said second projected portion. A process cartridge according to Claim 18, wherein said first projected portion (55e1) is provided with a rib (55k) for regulating a position of said first projected portion relative to said first frame when said base is fixed to said first frame, and wherein the rib is extended substantially parallel with a projecting direction of said first projected portion, and is projected from a circular outer surface of said first projected portion. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said shaft mounting portion (55d) is projected from said base in a direction crossing with a longitudinal direction of said base, and is cylindrical in shape, and said shaft (20) is mounted to an inner surface of the cylindrical shaft mounting portion (55d). A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said fixing portion (55f) is a screw bore, and said base is fixed to said first frame by threading a screw (56) to said first frame through said screw bore. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said fixing portion is a claw (55c), and said claw is resiliently engaged with said first frame (19) so that said base is fixed to said first frame. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said claw (55c) is projected from said base inclinedly toward said urging portion (55e), and is substantially parallel with the projected portion of said urging portion, wherein an end of the claw is directed toward said urging portion, and to said projected portion a coil spring (26) as said elastic member is mountable. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said resilient member (26) is a coil spring. A process cartridge according to Claim 35, wherein said shaft mounting portion (55d), said urging portion (55e) and said fixing portion (55f) are provided in this order in a direction from one longitudinal end to the other longitudinal end of said base (55). A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said base (55) has a flat portion (55g) and an extension (55a1) extended from a lateral end of said flat portion in a longitudinal direction of said flat portion, and said urging portion (55e) and said fixing portion (55f) are provided to said flat portion (55g), and said shaft mounting portion (55d) is provided on said extension (55a1). A process cartridge according to Claim 26, wherein the extension (55a1) is provided with a position regulating portion (55b) for regulating a position of said extension relative to said first frame (13) by engagement with a groove (13e) of said first frame. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein the developing roller (10d) as said developing member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member (7) are urged toward each other by the resilient force of said resilient member (26) through a spacer-roller. A process cartridge according to Claim 17, wherein said shaft (20) is of metal, and said base (55), said shaft mounting portion (55d), said urging portion (55e) and said fixing portion (55f) are of plastic resin material and are integrally formed. A process cartridge according to Claim 22, wherein when said coupling member (54) is mounted to said first frame, a shaft (20) mounted to said shaft mounting portion (55d) is engaged in a hole (13f) formed in said first frame (13), and by rotating said base (55) toward said first frame about the shaft (20), said claw (55c) is engaged with said first frame (13), and said coupling member (54) is fixed to said first frame by said shaft (20) and said claw (55c). An assembling method for a process cartridge (B) detachably mountable to a main assembly (A) of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising the steps of: (a) a first step of supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member (7) on a first frame (13); (b) a second step of supporting a developing member (10d) for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, on a second frame (12); and (c) a third step of coupling said first frame and said second frame by a coupling member (54), which includes: a base (55); a shaft (20) for rotatably coupling said first frame and said second frame relative to each other; a shaft mounting portion (55d), provided in said base, for mounting said shaft, wherein one end of said shaft is mounted to said shaft mounting portion; an elastic member (26) for applying a resilient force between said first frame and a second frame; an urging portion (55e), provided in said base, for urging said elastic member to said second frame, wherein said elastic member is mounted to said urging portion; and a fixing portion (55f), provided in said base, for fixing said base to said first frame, wherein said base is fixed to said first frame at a fixed portion. A method according to Claim 31, wherein said third step includes the steps of: engaging said shaft (20) mounted to said shaft mounting portion into a hole (13f) formed in said first frame; and rotating said base toward said first frame about said shaft engaged in said hole. A method according to Claim 32, wherein said third step further includes the step of: fixing said base to said first frame by threading a screw (56) to said first frame through a screw bore as said fixing portion (55f). A method according to Claim 32, wherein said third step further includes the step of: fixing said base to said first frame by resilient engagement of a claw (55c) as said fixing portion (55f) with said first frame.

Inventors: CHADANI KAZUO, MATSUZAKI HIROOMI, MIYABE SHIGEO, SUZUKI AKIRA, CHADANI, KAZUO, MATSUZAKI, HIROOMI, MIYABE, SHIGEO, SUZUKI, AKIRA
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1998
Main classification: G03G21
IPC codes: G03G21