System for opening and closing doors in furniture, rooms and the like

Abstract: A system for opening and closing at least one door (20) in furniture, rooms and the like, involves the use of a vertical rod (24) from which arms (36, 37) extend that engage slidingly with the door (20), the bottom of the door (20) being fitted with wheels (52A, 52B) so that, in order to open the door and by rotating the arms (36, 37), the door (20) is moved from the closed position into a position in which it is displaced outwards. The door (20) is then slid back over the arms (36, 37) until the opened position is reached. This door opening and closing system does not require any space in front of the door and, in cases where there are multiple doors, allows one door to be in perfect alignment with another door. Furthermore, it is both structurally simple and easy to operate.

Description: The present invention relates to a system for opening and closing doors in furniture, rooms and the like. As is known, the classic and most basic system of opening and closing doors using hinges, and the more complex system of opening and closing folding doors, both require a certain amount of space in front of the doors in order to allow them to open. There is an alternative opening system using sliding doors which does not require any space in front of the doors. In this case the doors run on mutually parallel tracks. They are not, therefore, in alignment with each other and this means that they take up more space, are unattractive from an aesthetic point of view and are not completely dust-proof. In order to satisfy the need to have doors that are aligned in the closed position and yet do not take up any space as they are opened, a system also exists in which the doors are in fact aligned in the closed position and each door is opened by moving it in a direction perpendicular to the plane of alignment of the doors and then sliding it along a plane parallel with this plane of alignment. The doors are, of course, closed by carrying out these movements in reverse. The latter system requires the use of carriages, tracks, pulleys and cords to move each door in the abovementioned perpendicular direction, as well as an upper and lower track, together with associated rollers, to slide each door sideways; there is also a lower sliding track which is common to the doors; and, lastly, a device must also be provided for immobilizing the lower track of the door when the latter is pulled outwards before it is slid sideways. This system is certainly efficient, but it is also rather complex in terms of its mechanics, and this increases production costs as well as reducing its reliability over time. EP-A-0219219 shows another system in which the doors are aligned in the closed position and each door is opened by moving it in a direction perpendicular to the plane of alignment of the doors and then sliding it along a plane parallel with this plane of alignment. The object of the present invention is to provide a door opening and closing system that is able to satisfy the abovementioned requirements and at the same time is simple to build and easy to operate. This object is achieved by means of a system for opening and closing doors in furniture, rooms and the like, according to claim 1. In order to give a clearer explanation of the invention, a description is given below of a non-limiting embodiment thereof, illustrated in the appended drawings in which: Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a system for opening and closing two doors in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 shows, in greater detail than Fig. 1, the system for opening and closing one of the two doors; Fig. 3 shows an enlarged cross-section of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows an enlarged and exploded perspective view of a detail of the opening and closing system shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 shows a cross-section, on the plane V-V, of the detail shown in Fig. 4, partly assembled; Fig. 6 shows an enlarged perspective view of another detail of the opening and closing system shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 7, 8 and 9 show, from above, the movement of one of the two doors as it is opened; Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show the abovementioned opening movement diagrammatically from the front. The door opening and closing system illustrated here is fitted to a wardrobe. The doors, which in this example are two in number, are denoted by the reference 20; as for the wardrobe, the bottom is denoted 21, the side walls 22 and the ceiling 23. This door opening and closing system comprises a pair of vertical rods 24 having a circular cross-section which are located close to each other inside the wardrobe, symmetrically on either side of the vertical median joining plane of the two doors 20 denoted M in Figures 7 to 12. The two vertical rods 24 are mounted so that they can rotate freely about their own axes X on a base 25 fixed to the bottom 21 of the wardrobe. More specifically, and with reference to Figs. 4 and 5, each rod 24 is provided with a block 26 having a cylindrical upper part 27 that forms a male and female joint with the rod and is locked in rotation thereto by a notch 28 formed in the bottom end of the rod, this notch fitting over a projection 29 on the said cylindrical part 27. The block 26 also has a lower cylindrical part 30 that is rotatably coupled to a pin 31 via the interposition of a bush 32 and a ball 33, the latter being accommodated in a cavity 34 in the top of the pin. The top of each rod 24 (Figs. 1 and 2) is attached to the ceiling 23 of the wardrobe by means of a simple pivot, denoted overall by the reference 35. A lower arm 36 and an upper arm 37 extend from each rod 24. More specifically, the lower arm 36 extends integrally from the block 26, while the upper arm 37 extends integrally from the rod 24 itself. The end of each lower arm 36 carries a screw 38 that screws vertically into a threaded hole in the said arm. A roller 39 having a vertical axis is mounted so as to rotate freely on the end of the shank of the screw 38, underneath the arm 36, the said roller being accommodated in a U-shaped horizontal lower track 40 found on the associated door 20 and extending across almost the full width of the said door. The end of each upper arm 37, on the other hand, carries a pin 41 that can rotate freely on the said arm. Mounted on the pin 41 is a carriage 42 comprising a freely rotating wheel 43 having a horizontal axis and two freely rotating rollers 44 each having a vertical axis and located on either side of the wheel 43. Both the wheel 43 and the rollers 44 are accommodated in an inverted-U-shaped horizontal upper track 45 found on the associated door 20 and extending across almost the full width of the said door, parallel with the lower track 40. A bracket 46, into which a vertical pin 47 is rotatably inserted, is fixed to the upper part of each door 20, on the opposite side to the side that meets the other door. Fixed to the top of the pin 47 is the end of a lever 48 whose other end carries a freely rotating roller 49 having a vertical axis. A torsion spring 50 acts on the lever 48 and keeps the roller 49 pressed elastically against an "L"-shaped track 51 which is fixed to the ceiling 23 of the wardrobe and runs horizontally across the full width of the wardrobe. The bottom of each door 20 is fitted with two wheels located symmetrically on either side of the centre line of the door; one wheel, denoted 52A, is located close to the side that meets the other door, while the other wheel, denoted 52B, is on the opposite side. The aligned position of the doors 20 is defined by the latter stopping against the base 25 at the bottom, against indentations 53 in the side walls 22 at the sides, and against the track 51 at the top. Each block 26 has a projecting portion 54 which is accommodated in a recess 55 formed in the base 25. The dimensions of this recess are such that they allow the portion 54 to execute an angular movement of predetermined amplitude only, thereby limiting the rotation of the block 26. Formed in the projecting portion is a hole 56 which accommodates a spring 57, one end of which abuts against a screw 58, screwed into the hole 56, and the other end of which acts on a ball 59. Two hemispherical hollows 60 are formed in the base 25, the ball 59 being inserted in one or other of these hollows when the portion 54 of the block 26 is in one or other of two angular positions respectively. A handle 61 is formed half-way up each door, near the side that meets the other door. The door opening and closing system described and illustrated here works in the following way. One of the two doors 20 is gripped by its handle 61 and the abovementioned meeting side of the door is pulled outwards, moving it out of alignment with the other door, as illustrated in sequence in Figs. 7 and 8. This movement is guided and constrained by the arms 36 and 37 which rotate together with the rod 24 about the axis X of the said rod. With reference to Fig. 9, the door is then moved translationally, sliding it across on the wheels 52A, 52B and sliding the track 40 over the roller 39, the track 45 over the carriage 42 and the roller 49 along the track 51. This translational movement is continued until the displaced door stands in front of the other door. The door is opened in this way. To close the door, the above procedure is reversed. As the door is closed, the mechanism formed by the arm 48, the roller 49 sliding along the track 51 and the spring 50 acts as a return mechanism bringing the opposite side of the door to the meeting side back into the indentation 53. Furthermore, this mechanism ensures that the entire opening and closing movement of the door runs smoothly and evenly. When the door is in the closed position, the ball 59 drops into one of the two hollows 60, while when the door is in the position of maximum displacement outwards, the ball 59 drops into the other of the two hollows 60. The two positions are thus physically defined. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show the distribution of the weight of the door as it is moved into the opened position. We should at this point state that the system is constructed such that the wheel 52A of the door closest to the meeting side does not rest on the bottom 21 of the wardrobe when the doors are in alignment; for this purpose the wheel 52A has a smaller diameter than the wheel 52B in the example illustrated. In this way, when the doors 20 are in the aligned position, as shown in Fig. 10, the weight of each door bears, at the top, on the wheel 43 of the carriage 42 and, at the bottom, on the wheel 52B. This arrangement facilitates the outward displacement of the door to be opened and prevents the wheel 52A from scraping along the bottom. As the door is then moved translationally in order to open it, there is a position in which the weight of the door will bear on both wheels 52A and 52B at the bottom as well as on the wheel 43 of the carriage 42 at the top, as indicated in Fig. 11. Continuing the translational movement, as shown in Fig. 12, the weight of the door will bear only on the wheel 52A at the bottom and on the wheel 43 of the carriage 42 at the top. The door opening and closing system illustrated here has a number of advantages. When in the closed position, the doors are in perfect alignment, making them aesthetically pleasing and extremely efficient at keeping out dust. This system does not require any space in front of the doors in order to allow the latter to open and close, as is quite clear from looking at Figs. 7, 8 and 9. Moreover, given the few components required and the very basic movements involved, the above advantages are achieved using a system which is both structurally simple and easy to operate. Most importantly, this means that the system is extremely reliable. It also takes up very little space. Naturally, it is possible to carry out modifications and/or additions to the system described and illustrated. The system can also be applied to a single-door wardrobe or to one with more than two doors. The modifications which would have to be implemented will be evident to an expert in the field, since the mechanism for moving one door is basically independent of and identical to that for moving another door. The system can be used in any type of furniture or in a room which is to be closed off or divided using one or more doors. Needless to say, the abovementioned system components can be replaced by functionally equivalent components without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention, as defined in the following claims. For example, balls could be used instead of wheels and/or rollers. The tracks could have different shapes. The stop elements that define the aligned position of the doors or the elements that physically define the closed and outwardly displaced positions of the door could also be different. In order to keep the bottom wheel of the door closest to the meeting side raised in the closed position, it would also be possible to raise the carriage slightly, which would mean that the two bottom wheels could be of the same diameter. We should, however, stress that the specific embodiment described and illustrated has proved particularly advantageous.

Claims: System for opening and closing doors (20) in furniture, rooms and the like, in which there is at least one door (20) that is moved between a closed position and an opened position, comprising a vertical rod (24) located inside the piece of furniture or room close to one side of the door (20) and rotatable about its own axis (X), arms (36, 37) extending from said vertical rod (24) and rotatable about the axis (X) of the rod (24), means (39, 42) carried by the ends of said arms that engage slidingly with horizontal tracks (40, 45) on the door (20), rolling means (52A, 52B) provided in the bottom of the door (20) and in contact with the bottom (21) of the piece of furniture or the floor of the room, wherein the door (20) is movable by rotation of the arms (36,37) from the closed position into a position in which it is displaced outwards and is movable horizontally by sliding the tracks (40, 45) over the engagement means (39, 42) and by rolling the rolling means (52A, 52B) along the bottom (21) until the opened position is reached, characterized in that two bottom rolling means (52A,52B) are provided, located symmetrically on either side of the centre line of the door (20), wherein, in the closed position, the weight of the door (20) bears on the engagement means (42) and on the bottom rolling means (52B) on the opposite side of the door (20) to the abovementioned side close to the rod (24), the other bottom rolling means (52A) having no weight bearing on it, and then, as the door (20) is moved into the opened position, the weight of the door (20) increasingly bears on the other bottom rolling means (52A) as well as on the engagement means (42), while the bottom rolling means (52B) on the opposite side has no weight bearing on it. System according to claim 1, wherein two arms are provided, a lower arm (36) and an upper arm (37), that are rigidly attached to the rod (24), wherein the engagement means carried by the lower arm (36) comprise a roller (39) having a vertical axis, and the engagement means carried by the upper arm comprise a carriage (42), wherein the tracks (40, 45) are U-shaped and parallel with each other; and wherein the two rolling means consist of two bottom wheels (52A, 52B). System according to claim 2, wherein the carriage (42) is carried by the upper arm (37) such that it can rotate freely and comprises a wheel (43) having a horizontal axis and two rollers (44) each having a vertical axis and located on either side of the wheel (43), and wherein the track (45) on the door, with which the carriage engages, is in the shape of an inverted U and accommodates the wheel (43) and the rollers (44) of the carriage (42). System according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the abovementioned other bottom wheel (52A) has a smaller diameter than the opposite bottom wheel (52B), so that the abovementioned dynamic distribution of the weight of the door (20) may be achieved. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising elastic return means (46-50) that are attached to the door (20) and slide along a fixed horizontal track (51) on the furniture, room or the like, exerting an elastic return force on the door (20) to return it to the closed position. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising stop elements (25, 51, 53) that define the closed position of the door (20). System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising physical reference means (54-60) that define the closed position and the outwardly displaced position of the door (20). System according to claim 5, wherein said elastic return means comprise a lever (48) that is hinged to the top of the door (20) and carries a roller (49) having a vertical axis, a spring (50) acting on the said lever, and in which the fixed horizontal track (51) is L-shaped and located at the top of the furniture or the room, the spring (50) pressing the roller (49) elastically against the fixed track (51). System according to claim 6, wherein said stop elements comprise: at the bottom, a base (25) fixed to the bottom (21) of the piece of furniture or to the floor of the room, on which base the rod (24) is rotatably mounted; at the sides, indentations (53) in the side walls (22) of the piece of furniture or room. System according to claim 5, wherein stop elements are provided which define the closed position of the door (20) and comprise: at the bottom, a base (25) fixed to the bottom (21) of the piece of furniture or to the floor of the room, on which base the rod (24) is rotatably mounted; at the sides, indentations (53) in the side walls (22) of the piece of furniture or room; at the top, the said fixed track (51). System according to claim 7, wherein the said physical reference means comprise an elastic snap-engaging means (59) that rotates with the rod (24) and engages in one or other of two fixed reference hollows (60) in order to define the abovementioned closed and outwardly displaced positions. System according to claim 1, wherein at least two doors (20) are provided and the two associated rods (24) connected to the two doors (20) are located close to each other, symmetrically on either side of the vertical median joining plane (M) of the doors (20), the said outwardly displaced position of the door (20) being a position in which the door is out of alignment with the other door, and the said opened position being a position in which the open door (20) stands in front of the other door (20).

Inventors: BONETTI MASSIMO, MANENTE GIUSEPPE, MION ABRAMO, BONETTI, MASSIMO, MANENTE, GIUSEPPE, MION, ABRAMO
Applicants: B & B ITALIA SPA, B&B ITALIA S.P.A.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: E05D15
IPC codes: E05D15, E05F1