Application of materials to substrates

Abstract: Material, e.g. for pizza topping, is applied (e.g. in a weighed amount) to an upper shutter assembly (207) whence it is dropped through a predetermined (and preferably variable) height onto iris blades (316) of a (larger) lower shutter assembly (206). The resulting deposit is of controlled diameter, possibly influenced by a mask (308). Rapid opening of the iris blades (316) allows the deposit to fall a short distance onto a substrate such as a pizza base.

Description: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for use in applying materials to substrates. It is particularly concerned with application of metered quantities of materials, and more particularly with the application of topping materials to food substrates such as pizza bases. The current industrial technique for applying toppings to pizza bases employs a slow-moving conveyor. Topping material is applied to its upper run, and is discharged as a "waterfall" at the end of the conveyor. Pizza bases are carried on a separate conveyor so as to pass through the "waterfall" of topping material. There can be little control of the amount of material applied to each base or its distribution, and there is likely to be much waste. GB-A-2288595 discloses a dispensing machine for dispensing controlled quantities of small items such as confectionery into packages. A collecting chamber is provided by an upright cylindrical passageway which has at each end a respective shutter with three horizontal blades. The two shutters can be operated out of phase to ensure separation of successive batches. FR-A-2579420 concerns the automatic distribution of currants and the like onto pastries. A block has a bore defining a collecting chamber, with upper and lower shutters operated out of phase. Thus the chamber is filled with a fixed quantity of currants, which can be dropped onto a pastry conveyed beneath. In a first aspect the invention provides a method for applying a spreadable material to a substrate by means of a material application station having a shutter assembly having one or more horizontally extending blades which are rapidly displaceable from a closed configuration in which an outlet path is obstructed to an open configuration in which the outlet path is open; said method comprising disposing the blade or blades of the shutter assembly in the closed configuration and applying coating material to form a spread topping layer on the upper surface thereof; locating a substrate beneath the shutter assembly in the outlet path; and rapidly opening the shutter assembly so that the coating material falls onto the substrate to provide a spread coating over a predetermined area of the surface thereof which is substantially equal to said predetermined area of the upper surface of the shutter assembly. The opening of the shutter assembly is preferably effected so rapidly that the coating material is substantially undisturbed. Preferably the coating material is applied to the shutter assembly over an area bearing a predetermined relationship to the area of the substrate. This may be achieved by dropping a controlled amount from a predetermined height, and/or by using a diameter control mask. For dropping from a controlled height, use may be made of an upper shutter assembly which will generally have a smaller outlet path than the lower one. Preferably the predetermined height can be varied. Thus the upper shutter assembly may be mounted so as to be vertically displaceable. Substrates may be conveyed through the application station. Arrival of a substrate may be detected automatically. This may trigger the operation of the shutter assembly or assemblies. It may also cause the conveying of the substrate to be halted momentarily. In a second aspect the invention provides an apparatus for use in carrying out the above method, comprising a lower shutter assembly having one or more horizontally extending blades, and an upper shutter assembly disposed vertically above the lower shutter assembly with a predetermined spacing so that material can be accumulated on the upper shutter assembly over an area having a first diameter and then dropped onto the lower shutter assembly; the arrangement being such that material is collected over a relatively small diameter on the upper shutter assembly, and the action of dropping it onto the lower shutter assembly leads to a deposit of larger diameter. This is achieved by means of a mask which defines an area having a second diameter greater than said first diameter on the upper surface of the lower shutter assembly to control the spreading of the material. This may be an annular element or assembly, generally of relatively low height (compared with the spacing of the shutters). It may be a simple tube, which may be replaceable by tubes of different shapes and/or sizes (e.g. round tubes for pizzas, square or triangular ones for sandwiches). A more sophisticated tubular mask may be variable. Thus a circular mask may be adjustable like an expanding cake-tin or like a hoseclip, adjustable by turning a screw. Generally the bottom of the mask will be very close to, or even in contact with, the blade(s) of the shutter. Generally the upper shutter assembly is smaller than the lower one. Preferably there are shutter mounting means such that the spacing of the upper and lower shutter assemblies is variable. There may be a weighing machine for applying weighed amounts. An embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of pizza coating apparatus embodying the invention; and Fig. 2 shows a shutter assembly suitable for use in the apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a coating apparatus; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the lower shutter assembly of the apparatus of Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 is a partial axial section through the shutter assembly of Fig. 4. The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 includes a lower conveyor 100 (here shown as a conveyor belt) for conveying pizza bases 102 through a topping application station 104. The station includes a large lower shutter assembly 106 and a small upper shutter assembly 107. These are coaxial, and vertically spaced by a distance h. Each shutter assembly may have a shutter of the same type (though differing in diameter), having a plurality of horizontally extending and horizontally displaceable blades which are rapidly movable from a "closed" configuration to an "open" configuration. Each shutter assembly, or at least the lower assembly 106, is advantageously of the type disclosed in our application GB-A-2,288,595, and which is shown in Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings. This shows an iris-type shutter mechanism 18 provided to control an opening 14. There are three identical blades 24,26,28. In Fig. 2 they are shown in full lines in their closed position, and in chain-dotted lines in the fully open configuration. They are pivotally mounted via blade supports 36,38,40 on a base 29 by pivot pins 30,32,34. The blades are secured to the blade supports for rotation therewith about the pivot pin. One of the blade supports 38 is in the form of a double bell crank lever having a pair of outer legs 46,48 and a central longer leg 50. The other blade supports 36,40 each have a single leg 37,41. The central leg 50 of the double bell crank lever 38 is pivotally connected to one end of a link 52 whose other end is pivotally connected to a drive crank 54. The outer legs 46,48 of the double bell crank lever are each pivotally connected to one end of a respective link 42,44 whose other end is pivotally connected to a respective leg 37,41 of one of the other blade supports 36,40. In use, the drive crank 54 is rotated through 180° by the drive shaft 55 from the position shown in Fig. 2. This moves the link 52 to cause the double bell crank lever 38 to turn clockwise. This motion is transmitted to the other blade supports 36,40 via the links 42,44. Thus all of the blades 24,26,28 rotate from the closed position to the open position. For closing the blades, the drive crank 54 may be driven around a further 180°, or back through the original 180°. A metering assembly 108 is provided for applying a controlled amount of topping material to the upper shutter assembly 107. This will generally include a weighing machine 110 and a topping inlet hopper 112. In operation, an amount of topping sufficient for one pizza is first accumulated on the upper shutter assembly 107. This may be of diameter 50-70mm (this being the diameter of the opening in the "open" configuration). With the lower shutter assembly 106 remaining closed, the upper shutter assembly 107 is opened, allowing the topping material to fall through the height h. This height is selected in dependence on the nature of the material, and its tendency to spread. There may be some spreading as it falls, and further spreading once it impacts on the blades of the lower shutter assembly 106. The degree of spreading is controlled by a product diameter control mask 114. The predetermined final diameter may be selected to be slightly less than that of a pizza base 102. The arrival of a pizza base beneath the lower shutter assembly 106 is detected by a detector 116, which is arranged to control the opening of the lower shutter assembly 106. The blades thereof open so rapidly that the coating is virtually undisturbed (as when a conjurer whips a table cloth out from under an array of crockery, but with the difference that, in this case, there is no table to support it). Thus the spread topping 118, of predetermined diameter, falls through the relatively short distance onto the base beneath. (The conveyor 100 may be halted while this happens, though this may not be necessary, depending on speeds and distances involved). As a result, for example, a preferred embodiment of the present invention can top approximately 90 pizzas in 1 minute, with a highly accurate amount and distribution of the topping on the pizza. The detector 116 may be a convention photoelectrical device, optical sensor or ultrasonic sensor. The detector 116 detects an edge of the pizza arriving underneath the shutter assembly 106, and sends a signal S 1 to the control device 12. Control device 12 may be a programmable logic controller (PLC). When the control device 12 receives the signal S 1 from the detector 116, it waits a first predetermined amount of time (i.e., a first delay time), which corresponds to the time when substrate 102 is properly aligned under the shutter 106, and then sends a signal S 1 to lower shutter assembly 106 to rapidly open its blades 24,26 and 28 to discharge the topping and then to close its blades. The control device 12 further waits a second predetermined amount of time (i.e., a second delay time) and then sends a signal S 2 to upper shutter assembly 107 to open and discharge the topping to the lower shutter assembly 107 and then to close its blades. The timed opening and closing of the two shutter assemblies 106 and 107 may be referred to as a "gating mechanism". The prior art does not have this gating mechanism. The upper shutter assembly 107 receives discrete weighed amounts of topping (e.g. approximately 8-110g of topping per pizza) from metering assembly 108. Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a coating apparatus which may be used for coating pizzas or other substrates. The lower conveyor and control apparatus are not shown, but may be generally similar to those shown in Fig. 1. Elements shown in Fig. 3 which correspond to elements in Fig. 1 will be given the same reference numerals but raised by 100. Thus there are a large lower shutter assembly 206 and a smaller upper shutter assembly 207. The apparatus has a base plate 300 which supports the components of the lower shutter assembly 206, and from which rise shafts 302 on which the upper shutter assembly 207 is slidably mounted. (There are locking means (not shown) by which it can locked at any desired height above the lower shutter 206.) The upper shutter assembly includes a baseplate 301 with an outlet aperture 303 controlled by the shutter blades. In this example the aperture is openable to a circular opening of diameter 100mm. A tubular shield 305 of somewhat greater internal diameter projects downwardly from the level of the shutter blades. A metering assembly 208 comprises a weighing machine 210 (whose underside is shown) and a topping inlet hopper 212, mounted for travel with the upper shutter assembly 207. The lower shutter assembly 206 is shown in more detail in Figs. 4 and 5. The baseplate 300 carries a drive motor 303. The plate 300 has a central outlet aperture 304, which is circular in this example. Equally spaced around its periphery, four blade supports 306,309,311,312 are pivotally mounted to the baseplate 300 by pivot pins 314. The support plate 306 adjacent the motor 302 is approximately triangular. One vertex region is connected to a blade 316 by three pins 318. Another vertex is pivotally connected to a drive crank 320 whose other end region is coupled to the motor 302. Two links 322,324 are pivotally connected to the blade support 306. The first link is connected adjacent the third vertex of the blade support 306. The second link 324 is connected at a point adjacent a side of the support 306, slightly outwardly of a line joining the centres of the pivot pin 314 and the axis of the crank lever 320. The first link leads to the second blade support 309. This has three pivotal connections, arranged as a right-angled triangle. The pivotal connection at the right angle is the pivot pin 314, coupling it to the base plate 300. At this region the support plate is connected to a blade 316. One of the other vertices is connected to the first link 322, while the remaining vertex is connected to a third link 324. This leads to a third blade support 311, where it is pivotally connected by a first pivotal connection 326. The only other pivotal connection is provided by the main pivot pin 314, connecting it to the base plate 300. In this region it is connected to the third blade 316. The second link 324 leads to the fourth blade support 312, which is identical to the third blade support 311 and is connected to the fourth blade 316. The blades are shown in full lines in their closed configuration, in which they meet edge-to-edge to close off the outlet opening 304. The blades are also shown in their fully open configuration, in dash-dotted lines, in which they leave the opening 304 entirely unobstructed. As shown in Fig. 3, a mask 308 in the form of a tubular wall is mounted to the baseplate 300, coaxially with the outlet aperture 304. It extends upwardly, towards the coaxial upper shield 305. Its internal diameter is 200mm. A coaxial adjustable-diameter discharge outlet 310 projects a short distance below the aperture 304.

Claims: A method for applying a material to a substrate (102) by means of a material application station having a shutter assembly (106,206) having one or more horizontally extending blades (24,26,28;316) which are rapidly displaceable from a closed configuration in which an outlet path is obstructed to an open configuration in which the outlet path is open; said method comprising disposing the blade or blades (24,26,28;316) of the shutter assembly (106;206) in the closed configuration and loading the material to be applied to a substrate onto a predetermined area of the upper surface thereof; locating a substrate (102) beneath the shutter assembly (106;206) in the outlet path; and rapidly opening the shutter assembly (106;206) so that the material falls onto the substrate (102); characterized in that the material is spreadable and is applied to the shutter assembly to form a spread topping layer on said predetermined area, and in that the opening of the shutter assembly is effected so as to provide a spread coating (118) over a predetermined area of the surface of the substrate which is substantially equal to said predetermined area of the upper surface of the shutter assembly (106;206). A method according to claim 1 wherein said opening of the shutter assembly (106;206) is effected so rapidly that the coating material is substantially undisturbed. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the coating material is applied to the shutter assembly (106; 206) over an area bearing a predetermined relationship to the area of the substrate (102). A method according to any preceding claim wherein said application of coating material to the shutter assembly (106;206) is achieved by dropping a controlled amount from a predetermined height. A method according to any preceding claim wherein a diameter control mask (114;308) is used to control the application of coating material to the shutter assembly (106;206). A method according to claim 5 wherein said mask (114; 308) defines an annular wall which is of low height compared with the spacing of the shutters and whose bottom is closely spaced from or in contact with the upper surface of the blades of the lower shutter assembly (106;206) so as to define a substrate collecting area. A method according to any preceding claim wherein said application of coating material to the shutter assembly employs an upper shutter assembly (107;207) so that the material is dropped from a controlled height onto the substrate coating shutter assembly (106;206). A method according to claim 7 as appendant on claim 6 wherein material is accumulated on the upper shutter assembly (107;207) over an area having a first diameter and then dropped onto the lower shutter assembly (106;206), spreading to a larger diameter on the substrate collecting area of the substrate coating shutter assembly. A method according to claim 7 or 8 wherein said upper shutter assembly (107;207) has a smaller outlet path than the substrate coating shutter assembly (106;206). A method according to any preceding claim wherein substrates (102) are conveyed automatically (100) through the application station and arrival of a substrate (102) at the station is detected automatically (116). A method according to any preceding claim wherein the substrate comprises a pizza base (102). Apparatus comprising a lower shutter assembly (106;206) having one or more horizontally extending blades (24,26,27;316), an upper shutter assembly (107;207) disposed vertically above the lower shutter assembly (106;206) with a predetermined spacing so that material can be accumulated on the upper shutter assembly (107;207) over an area having a first diameter and then dropped onto the lower shutter assembly (106;206); characterised in that the apparatus is for carrying out a method according to any preceding claim and includes a mask (114;308) which defines an annular wall which is of low height compared with the spacing of the shutters and whose bottom is closely spaced from or in contact with the upper surface of the blades of the lower shutter assembly (106;206) so as to define a substrate collecting area of a second diameter which is larger than said first diameter; whereby in use material is collected over a relatively small diameter on the upper shutter assembly (107;207), and the action of dropping it onto the lower shutter assembly (106;206) leads to a deposit of larger diameter. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the mask (114;308) is a tube which is removable and the apparatus includes a plurality of alternative tubes of different shapes and/or sizes. Apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the mask (114;308) is adjustable to vary said second diameter. Apparatus according to claim 12, 13 or 14 including a weighing machine (110;21) for applying weighed amounts to the upper shutter assembly. Apparatus according to claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 including conveying means (100) for conveying substrates (102) beneath the lower shutter assembly (106;206).

Inventors: SUNTER ADRIAN MEREDITH, SUNTER, ADRIAN MEREDITH
Applicants: ISHIDA SEISAKUSHO, ISHIDA CO., LTD.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A21C9
IPC codes: A21C9