Lower hook for three-point linkages

Abstract: A lower hook for three-point linkages, in particular for the coupling of an implement to agricultural machinery, comprises a main body including a hook-shaped portion (3) which defines a recess for the housing of a coupling sphere (4) of an implement. The hook also comprises a blocking device (6) positioned inside the main body, from which it can protrude selectively to lock the coupling sphere (4) in an extracted position. The blocking device can be activated by means of a control lever (14) hinged to a lever element (10), which is coupled to the blocking device by means of a peg-slot link (11, 12). A resilient member (20) exerts a return action on the lever element (10) to return the blocking device (6) from the retracted position to the extracted position. A shaped portion (18) of the control lever (14) is adapted to interfere with a corresponding shaped portion (19) of the main body to lock the blocking device in the open position.

Description: The present invention concerns a lower hook for three-point linkages, in particular for the coupling of an implement to agricultural machinery, of the type comprising: a main body including a hook-shaped portion defining a recess for the selective housing, in use, of a coupling sphere of an implement, a blocking device housed at least partially in a cavity of the main body of the hook and selectively movable from an hook-closing extracted position to a hook-opening retracted position, a control lever housed in the cavity of the main body and protruding at least partially from a second opening used to open the hook by movement of the blocking device from the extracted position to the retracted position, and resilient means which exert an resilient return action to move the blocking device from the retracted position to the extracted position and to hold it in that position, the hook also comprising a lever element housed in the cavity of the main body and articulated therein, the blocking device and the control lever being linked at hinge points on the lever. A hook of the known type indicated above is described in the patent EP-0523332. Although this type of hook is undoubtedly reliable and easy to use, the purpose of this invention is to propose a series of significant improvements which allow better control, during design and manufacture of the hook, of the forces necessary to open and close the blocking device and to clamp it in the open position, and which make the hook easier to use also under difficult conditions. More in general, the purpose of the invention is to provide a lower hook which can be manufactured easily and cheaply, is simple to use and maintain and is extremely reliable even for prolonged use under difficult conditions. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, it is an object of the invention to provide a hook of the type mentioned in the preamble of the present description, having the features set forth in the characterising portion of Claim 1. Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description that follows of one example, with reference to the attached figures, provided by way of a non-limiting example, in which: figure 1 is a cross-sectional side-view of a hook according to the invention in the closed position, and figure 2 is a similar view for figure 1, illustrating the hook in the locked open position. With reference now to the figures, reference numeral 1 globally indicates a lower hook for three-point linkages, of the type used on agricultural machinery, mounted at the end of a lower bar 2. The hook 1 comprises a hook-shaped portion 3 which defines a recess 3a shaped in such a way as to house a coupling sphere 4 of an implement which can be coupled to the agricultural machinery, and a main hollow body 5. A blocking device 6 is mounted in the cavity 5a of the main body 5 and is movable from an extracted position, shown in figure 1, to a retracted position, shown in figure 2. In the extracted position, a head portion 7 of the blocking device 6 protrudes outside the main body 5 towards the hook portion 3 through a slit 8 so as to block the coupling sphere housed in the recess 3a. In the retracted position, the head 7 of the blocking device retracts towards the slit 8 inside the main body 5, freeing the recess 3a. On the opposite side of the head 7, the blocking device 6 comprises a body 9 hinged to a pivoting lever 10 by means of a peg-slot coupling. In particular, a peg 11 is fixed to the body 9 of the blocking device and engages in a slot 12 provided in the lever 10, which is in turn hinged to the main body of the hook, within the cavity 5a, by means of a pin 13. In more general terms, the coupling between the blocking device 6 and the lever 10 is a combined sliding/rotating mechanism and can also be achieved by positioning the peg on the lever 10 and providing the blocking device 6 with the slot, or also by other coupling means known to the experts in the field, such as for example guides, recessed sections and the like. A control lever 14 is hinged to the end of the lever 10 and extends outside the main body 5 of the hook through an upper opening 15, ending in a larger upper portion 16 which covers the opening 15 when the hook is in the closed position and the blocking device is in the extracted position. The upper part 16 has a hole 17 for the coupling of known types of pulling means. The front part of the control lever 14 comprises a clamping tooth 18 which engages with a correspondingly shaped portion 19 provided on the outside of the main body of the hook, close to and in front of the opening 15, so as to block the hook in the open position, as shown in figure 2. The shaped part 19 may be a cavity achieved by casting, by pressing, by subsequent mechanical machining, or may simply created by inserting a cross pin in the body of the hook or by other similar means. To the lower part of the lever 10 a resilient element 20 is attached, particularly but not necessarily a helical spring, the other end of which is attached to a peg 21 or to a generic projection, positioned in correspondence with an opening 22 which communicates with the cavity 5a of the main body. The opening 22 may of course be a different shape to the one shown and, in particular, may be replaced or associated with a lateral hole or opening provided in one of the two side walls of the body of the hook. An alternative to the preferred embodiment may have a lateral hole provided in one of the side walls of the hook, the axis of which substantially coincides with the axis of the peg 21, thus allowing access to the peg during assembly, inspection and maintenance of the spring 20. In an alternative of the invention, the helical spring 20 can be replaced by a torsion or flat spring which urges against a portion of the lever 10. The inner wall of the main body 5 is shaped so as to define an abutment element 23 positioned close to the pin 13 to which the lever 10 is hinged, against which a portion of the body 9 of the blocking device 6 presses when the latter is in the extracted position shown in figure 1. A guide pin 24 is fitted inside the body of the hook to guide and support the head 7 of the blocking device 6 when this is in the retracted position shown in figure 2. When the hook 1 is in the closed position shown in figure 1, the blocking device 6 is in the extracted position in such a way that its head 7 engages at least partially with the recess 3a to clamp a coupling sphere 4 which is housed in the recess, preventing it from slipping out. In particular, no pressure of the coupling sphere 4 on the blocking device 6 can move it from the extracted position because the upper part 7b of the head 7 is in abutment with the upper edge 8a of the slit 8, while the body 9 presses against the abutment element 23, being also partially thereunder with respect to a possible rotation of the blocking device around the contact point between the head 7 and the upper edge 8a of the slit 8. The hook can be opened easily by applying traction to the larger portion 16, and thus on the control lever 14, so as to extract the latter from the cavity 5a. The control lever 14 rotatably pulls the lever 10 against the return action of the spring 20. As it rotates, the lever 10 pulls the blocking device 6 inside the cavity 5a towards the retracted position shown in figure 2. Once the opening position has been reached, the hook can be clamped permanently in this position by imparting a rotation to the control lever 14 so as to move the clamping tooth 18 above the upper wall of the main body 5, housing it in the cavity 19. Although not essential for clamping the control lever 14, the presence of the cavity 19 is nevertheless preferable for greater clamping security. To unclamp the control lever 14 and consequently the hook from the open position, it is in fact necessary to raise the control lever 14 slightly to release the tooth 18 from the cavity 19, countering the return action of the spring 20. Once the control lever 14 has been released, the spring 20 pulls the lever 10, causing it to rotate and once again pushing the blocking device into the extracted position shown in figure 1. The mechanism of the hook described above makes it possible to insert a coupling sphere 4 in the recess 3a without it being necessary to manoeuvre the control lever 14. In fact, the pressure exerted by a coupling sphere 4 on the front portion 7a of the head 7 of the blocking device in the extracted position causes the latter to rotate due to the reaction with the peg 24, whereby the lever 10 is forced rotatably against the action of the spring 20, allowing the blocking device to retract inside the cavity 5a. In this case, the rotation of the lever 10 also raises the control lever 14 which, however, due to its weight, remains resting against the lower edge of the opening 15, keeping the clamping tooth 18 away from the edge on which the cavity 19 is located, thus preventing involuntary clamping of the hook in the open position. The position of the peg 21 for the attachment of the spring, the linking position of the spring to the lever 10, the shape of the lever 10 and its hinging points for the blocking device 6 and for the control lever 14 can be varied during design to achieve even very fine adjustments of the functioning characteristics of the opening and closing mechanism of the hook and the forces necessary for these operations and for the clamping and unclamping operations. By way of example, in the preferred embodiment shown in the figures, the lever arm of the force exerted by the spring 20 on the lever 10 varies in accordance with the rotation angle of the lever itself. In particular, this lever arm has a lower value when the hook is in the closed position, while it increases progressively until the hook is completely open, decreasing slightly when the control lever 14 is completely extracted to allow the tooth 18 to engage with the cavity 19.

Claims: Lower hook for a three-point linkage, in particular for the coupling of an implement to agricultural machinery, comprising: a main body including a hook-shaped portion (3), defining a recess (3a) for the selective housing, in use, of a coupling sphere (4) of an implement, a blocking device (6) housed at least partially in a cavity (5a) of the main body of the hook from which it can protrude through a first opening (8), the blocking device being selectively movable from a hook-closing extracted position to a hook-opening retracted open position of the hook, a control lever housed in the cavity (5a) of the main body and protruding at least partially from a second opening (15), (14) which can be activated to control the opening of the hook by movement of the blocking device (6) from the extracted position to the retracted position, and resilient means (20) exerting an resilient return action to return the blocking device (6) from the retracted position to the extracted position and to hold it in that position, the hook also comprising a lever element (10) housed in the cavity (5a) of the main body, and articulated therein the blocking device (6) and the control lever (14) being linked at hinge points on the lever (10), characterised in that the resilient means (20) exert the resilient return action directly on the lever element(10), by being attached thereto or by urging against a portion thereof. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 1, characterised in that the hinge points of the blocking device (6) and of the control lever (14) on the lever (10) are spaced apart to each other, and are also spaced apart from the point at which the resilient return action exerted by the resilient means (20) acts. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 1, characterised in that the resilient means comprise a helical spring attached at one end to the lever element and at the other end to a peg or projection fixed to the body of the hook below the lever element, in correspondence with an opening (22) in the main body. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 1, characterized in that in the closing position the end of the blocking device (6) furthest from the hook-shaped portion (3) comes into contact with an abutment wall (23) provided inside the cavity (5a) of the main body. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 4, characterized in that the coupling between the blocking device (6) and the lever element (10) is a combined rotating/sliding mechanism. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 5, characterised in that the link between the blocking device (6) and the lever element (10) is of the peg-slot type (11, 12). Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 1, characterised in the second opening (15) is different from the first opening (8) from which the blocking device (6) protrudes, an external portion (16) of the control lever functioning as a cover for the second opening (15) when the hook is in the closed position. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 1, characterised in that the control lever (14) comprises a shaped portion (18) which, in the clamped open position of the hook, interferes with a corresponding shaped portion (19) provided on the main body (5), the interference between the two shaped portions (18, 19) being by itself sufficient to contrast the return action of the resilient means (20) so as to hold the blocking device (6) in the retracted position. Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 8, characterised in that the shaped portion of the control lever (14) is a clamping tooth (18) which is housed inside the cavity (5a) of the hook when this is in the closed position, and emerges from the second opening (15) of the hook when this is in the open position, so as to be selectively engageable with the corresponding shaped portion (19) of the body of the hook by means of a rotation of the control lever (14) with respect to the lever element (10). Lower hook for a three-point linkage according to claim 9, characterised in that the clamping tooth (18) is directed towards the hook-shaped portion (3) of the hook, the corresponding shaped portion of the body of the hook comprising a cavity (19) provided in the outer wall of the hook, close to the edge of the second opening (15). Agricultural machinery comprising a three-point linkage including two lower arms and one upper arm, the ends of the lower arms each being provided with a lower hook according to any of the previous claims.

Inventors: CORNIA ENRICO MARIA, CORNIA, ENRICO MARIA
Applicants: CBM SPA, CBM S.P.A.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: B60D1
IPC codes: B60D1, A01B59