PLATELET SECRETORY TRANSPORT PROTEIN

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel protein designated platelet secretory transport protein (PSTP). PSTP occurs in platelets and binds to syntaxin. An isolated DNA encoding PSTP, vectors and cells containing the DNA, and PSTP specific antibodies are also disclosed. A PSTP antibody can be used to target a compound to an activated platelet in a mammal for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Also disclosed is an in vitro screening method for identifying a compound that inhibits PSTP-syntaxin binding, and an in vitro method for identifying a compound that inhibits PSTP gene expression.

Description: PLATELET SECRETORY TRANSPORT PROTEIN Cross Reference to Related Application This application claims benefit from provisional application Serial No. 60/027,678, filed October 7, 1996. Background of the Invention The invention relates to proteins involved in platelet secretion. Vascular injury can cause a rapid loss of the protein, fluid, and cellular components of the blood. Therefore, animals have developed rapid responses to stop bleeding and to initiate repair of blood vessels. These rapid responses are initiated by the platelet, a highly specialized cell that reacts to vascular injury. Normally, platelets circulate in the blood as quiescent and nonadherent cells, monitoring the integrity of blood vessels. In response to vascular injury, platelets adhere to each other and to de-endothelialized areas, and they undergo activation. Platelet activation results in morphologic and functional changes in the cell. When platelets are activated by thrombin or other agonists, there is a marked increase in the level of intracellular calcium ions, and an increase in phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. Upon activation, platelet granules fuse with the cell membrane. This leads to platelet secretion of effector molecules, including platelet-derived growth factor, TGF-jS, clotting factor V, fibrinogen, arachidonate, ADP, and P-selectin. Such molecules secreted by activated platelets play critical roles in the complex cellular and biochemical processes that reduce blood loss and begin the process of vascular repair. The cellular and biochemical processes initiated by platelets in response to vascular injury can be lifesaving, but in the absence of such injury these same processes can be deleterious. For example, unregulated arterial platelet thrombosis can occlude the blood supply to organs and lead to strokes, heart attacks, and limb necrosis . Summary of the Invention A novel protein, designated platelet secretory transport protein (PSTP) , is identified and characterized. PSTP is expressed in activated platelets, binds to syntaxin, and is involved in activation- dependent platelet secretion. The invention includes an isolated DNA containing a nucleotide sequence that: (1) encodes a PSTP that shares at least 80% sequence identity with SEQ ID N0:2, (2) occurs naturally in platelets, and (3) binds to syntaxin. The naturally occurring PSTP may be expressed at an increased level by activated platelets compared to its expression level in resting platelets. Preferably, the isolated DNA includes a nucleotide sequence that defines a DNA whose complement hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a DNA having a nucleotide sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO:l. More preferably, the DNA includes the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO : 1 (human PSTP), or a degenerate variant of SEQ ID NO:l. The invention also includes a vector containing the above-described isolated DNA, and a cell containing such a vector. The cell can be prokaryotic (e.g., E. coli) or eukaryotic (e.g., a yeast cell or a mammalian cell) . Preferably, the cell expresses the polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:l. The invention also includes a substantially pure, naturally-occurring PSTP that: (1) shares at least 80% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2, (2) occurs naturally in platelets, and (3) binds to syntaxin. Preferably, the sequence identity shared with SEQ ID NO: 2 is at least 85%. More preferably, the sequence identity is at least 90%, and most preferably it is at least 95%. Preferably, the amino acid sequence of the PSTP differs from SEQ ID NO: 2 solely by conservative amino acid substitutions, i.e., substitution of one amino acid for another of the same class, or by non-conservative substitutions, deletions, or insertions located at positions that do not destroy the function of the protein. Preferably, it is a mammalian protein. More preferably, the amino acid sequence of the PSTP consists of SEQ ID NO: 2 (human PSTP) . The invention includes PSTP with or without a signal sequence. The invention also includes an antibody that binds specifically to a protein the amino acid sequence of which is SEQ ID NO: 2. The antibody can be polyclonal or monoclonal. The antibody can be conjugated to a detectable label . The invention also includes a method for targeting a compound to an activated platelet in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal the compound conjugated to a PSTP-specific antibody. The invention also includes a method for locating a platelet thrombus in a mammal . The method includes the steps of: (a) administering to the mammal an antibody that binds specifically to the protein defined by SEQ ID NO: 2, and (b) detecting where the antibody binds in the mammal . The invention also includes an in vi tro screening method for identifying a compound that modulates PSTP interaction with syntaxin. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a PSTP sample solution; (b) adding to the sample solution a candidate compound; (c) adding to the sample solution a syntaxin sample; and (d) detecting an increase or decrease in PSTP-syntaxin binding in the presence of the candidate compound, compared to PSTP- syntaxin binding in the absence of the candidate compound . The invention also includes an in vi tro screening method for identifying a compound that modulates the binding of SNAP-25 to syntaxin in the presence of PSTP. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a PSTP sample solution; (b) adding to the sample solution a SNAP-25 sample; (c) adding to the sample solution a candidate compound; (d) adding to the sample solution a syntaxin sample; and (e) detecting an increase or decrease in SNAP-25-syntaxin binding in the presence of the candidate compound, compared to SNAP-25-syntaxin binding in the absence of the candidate compound. The invention also includes an in vi tro screening method for identifying a compound that modulates PSTP gene expression. The screening method includes the steps of: (a) providing a test cell; (b) contacting the test cell with a candidate compound; and (c) detecting an increase or decrease in the level of PSTP gene expression in the presence of the candidate compound, compared to the level of PSTP gene expression in the absence of the candidate compound. The invention also includes method of making a platelet secretory transport protein. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a cell transformed with an isolated DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein, the amino acid sequence of which is SEQ ID NO:2; (b) culturing the cell; and (c) collecting the protein encoded by the nucleotide sequence. The invention also includes a method for purifying syntaxin. The method includes the steps of conjugating a PSTP protein to a solid support, contacting a syntaxin- containing solution with the solid support, and then eluting syntaxin from the solid support. Preferably, the solid support consists of beads or particles used in column chromatography . Preferably, the method includes a washing step prior to the eluting step. As used herein, "high stringency" means the following: hybridization at 42 °C in the presence of 50% formamide; a first wash at 65 °C with about 2 x SSC containing 1% SDS; followed by a second wash at 65 °C with 0.1 x SSC. As used herein, "isolated DNA" means DNA free of the genes that flank the gene of interest in the genome of the organism in which the gene of interest naturally occurs . The term therefore includes a recombinant DNA incorporated into a vector, into an autonomously replicating plasmid or virus, or into the genomic DNA of a prokaryote or eukaryote. It also includes a separate molecule such as a cDNA, a genomic fragment, a fragment produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , or a restriction fragment. It also includes a recombinant nucleotide sequence that is part of a hybrid gene, i.e., a gene encoding a fusion protein. Also included is a recombinant DNA that includes a portion of SEQ ID NO : 1 and that encodes an alternative splice variant of PSTP. As used herein, "operably linked" means incorporated into a genetic construct so that expression control sequences effectively control expression of a gene of interest . As used herein, "protein" means any peptide-linked chain of amino acids, regardless of length or post- translational modification, e.g., glycosylation or phosphorylation. As used herein, "PSTP" means: (1) a protein, the amino acid sequence of which is SEQ ID NO:2, or (2) a protein that shares at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2, occurs naturally in platelets, and binds to syntaxin. As used herein, "sequence identity" means the percentage of identical subunits at corresponding positions in two sequences when the two sequences are aligned to maximize subunit matching, i.e., taking into account gaps and insertions. When a subunit position in both of the two sequences is occupied by the same monomeric subunit, e.g., if a given position is occupied by an adenine in each of two DNA molecules, then the molecules are identical at that position. For example, if 7 positions in a sequence 10 nucleotides in length are identical to the corresponding positions in a second 10- nucleotide sequence, then the two sequences have 70% sequence identity. Preferably, the length of the compared sequences is at least 60 nucleotides, more preferably at least 75 nucleotides, and most preferably 100 nucleotides. Sequence identity is typically measured using sequence analysis software (e.g., Sequence Analysis Software Package of the Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53705) . As used herein, " PSTP-specific antibody" means an antibody that binds to a protein, the amino acid sequence of which is SEQ ID NO: 2 and does not bind to other naturally proteins. The term includes polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. As used herein, "substantially pure protein" means a protein separated from components that naturally accompany it. Typically, the protein is substantially pure when it is at least 60%, by weight, free from the proteins and other naturally-occurring organic molecules with which it is naturally associated. Preferably, the purity of the preparation is at least 75%, more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 99%, by weight. A substantially pure PSTP protein can be obtained, for example, by extraction from a natural source, by expression of a recombinant nucleic acid encoding an PSTP polypeptide, or by chemical synthesis. Purity can be measured by any appropriate method, e.g., column chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or HPLC analysis. A chemically synthesized protein or a recombinant protein produced in a cell type other than the cell type in which it naturally occurs is, by definition, substantially free from components that naturally accompany it. Accordingly, substantially pure proteins include those having sequences derived from eukaryotic organisms but synthesized in E. coli or other prokaryotes. As used herein, "test cell" means a cell that expresses a PSTP gene, in the absence of a PSTP gene repressor. Preferably, the PSTP gene in the test cell is under the control of a promoter that is naturally associated with a PSTP gene. As used herein, "vector" means a replicable nucleic acid construct, e.g., a plasmid or viral nucleic acid. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present document, including definitions, will control. Unless otherwise indicated, materials, methods, and examples described herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. Various features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and from the claims . Brief Description of the Drawing Fig. 1 is the nucleotide sequence of a human PSTP cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence . Detailed Description A human PSTP cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. The PSTP cDNA contains a 1.8 kilobase open reading frame that encodes a protein containing 592 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of PSTP includes a putative signal peptide, eight potential N- linked glycosylation sites, and threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Northern analyses, carried out with a 0.5 kilobase PSTP probe, identified a 2.7 kilobase mRNA transcript in a megakaryoblastic (DAMI) cell line. A polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant fragment of PSTP binds to a 70 kDa band on immunoblots of human platelet lysates and D7AMI cell lysates . Inhibiting Platelet Secretion Sequence analysis shows PSTP to be related to proteins encoded by the Sec-1 gene family. Those proteins interact with syntaxins and other proteins, e.g., SNAP-25, in regulated exocytosis (Rothman, Nature 372:55-63). Such regulated exocytosis is exemplified by regulated neuro-vesicle release from neurons, at synapses . Platelet secretion is a type of regulated exocytosis, and PSTP binds to syntaxin. Therefore, without intending to be bound by theory in the present invention, it is expected that binding of a platelet syntaxin to PSTP affects platelet secretion. Therefore, it is expected that a compound that modulates syntaxin binding to PSTP, or syntaxin binding to SNAP-25 in the presence of PSTP, will modulate platelet secretion and its effects, e.g., platelet thrombus formation. Alternatively, a compound that modulates PSTP gene expression can be used to modulate platelet secretion and its effects. Expression Control Sequences and Vectors In some embodiments of the invention, PSTP DNA is cloned into an expression vector, i.e., a vector wherein PSTP DNA is operably linked to expression control sequences. The need for, and identity of, expression control sequences will vary according to the type of cell in which the PSTP DNA is to be expressed. Generally, expression control sequences include a transcriptional promoter, enhancer, suitable mRNA ribosomal binding sites, and sequences that terminate transcription and translation. Suitable expression control sequences can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Standard methods can be used by the skilled person to construct expression vectors. See generally, Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2nd Edition) , Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. Vectors useful in this invention include plasmid vectors and viral vectors . Preferred viral vectors are those derived from retroviruses, adenovirus, adeno- associated virus, SV40 virus, or herpes viruses. PSTP DNA In Vi tro In some embodiments of the invention, PSTP DNA is introduced into, and expressed in, a prokaryotic cell. A preferred prokaryotic cell is Escherichia coli . For expression in a prokaryotic cell, PSTP DNA can be integrated into a bacterial chromosome or expressed from an extrachromosomal DNA. In other embodiments of the invention, the PSTP DNA is introduced into, and expressed in, a eukaryotic cell in vi tro . Eukaryotic cells useful for expressing PSTP DNA in vi tro include, but are not limited to, COS, CHO, and Sf9 cells. Transfection of the eukaryotic cell can be transient or stable. The PSTP DNA can be, but is not necessarily, integrated into a chromosome of the eukaryotic cell. Signal Peptide The scope of the invention encompasses PSTP with or without a signal peptide, and an isolated DNA molecule encoding PSTP with or without a signal peptide. Using the PSTP nucleotide sequence, and guidance provided by the present disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art can determine the first amino acid of mature human PSTP, i.e., PSTP without its signal peptide. Mature PSTP is preferably produced by expression of a recombinant DNA. A recombinant DNA encoding mature PSTP can be produced, for example, by: (1) cleaving a PSTP cDNA at a restriction site located within, and near the 5' end of, the nucleotide sequence encoding the mature PSTP, thereby producing a truncated PSTP cDNA; and (2) restoring a complete coding sequence for the mature PSTP by ligating a synthetic DNA fragment to the truncated cDNA. A DNA construct used to produce recombinant mature PSTP must include a translation initiation codon (i.e., ATG) immediately preceding the first codon of the mature PSTP coding sequence. Optionally, the amino-terminal methionine residue can be removed by a cell used for production of recombinant mature PSTP, or by chemical cleavage. Mature PSTP can also be obtained by conventional peptide synthesis, e.g., solid phase synthesis. PSTP-Specific Antibody Some embodiments of this invention include a PSTP- specific antibody. Standard protocols for monoclonal and polyclonal antibody production are known and can be carried out by one of ordinary skill in the art, to obtain antibodies useful in this invention. The invention encompasses not only an intact monoclonal antibody, but also an immunologically active antibody fragment. Examples of such a fragment include a Fab or (Fab) 2 fragment, an engineered single chain Fv molecule, and a chimeric antibody. Typically, a chimeric antibody includes a variable region of a non-human antibody, e.g., a murine variable region, and a constant region of a human antibody. Antibody Label In some embodiments of the invention, the PSTP- specific antibody includes a detectable label. Various types of detectable labels can be linked to, or incorporated into, an antibody of this invention. Examples of useful label types include radioactive, non- radioactive isotopic, fluorescent, chemiluminescent , paramagnetic, enzyme, or colorimetric. Examples of useful enzyme labels include malate hydrogenase, staphylococcal nuclease, delta-5-steroid isomerase, alcohol dehydrogenase , alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, asparaginase, glucose oxidase, beta-galactosidase, ribonuclease, urease, catalase, glucose-6 -phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucoamylase, acetylcholinesterase. Examples of useful radioisotopic labels include 3 H, 125 I, m I, 32 P, 35 S, and 1 C. Examples of useful fluorescent labels include fluorescein, rhodamine, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and fluorescamine . Examples of useful chemiluminescent label types include luminal , isoluminal, aromatic acridinium ester, imidazole, acridinium salt, oxalate ester, luciferin, luciferase, and aequorin. Suitable labels can be coupled to, or incorporated into antibodies or antibody fragments through standard techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art . Typical techniques are described by Kennedy et al . , (1976) Clin . Chim. Acta 70, 1-31; and Schurs et al . , (1977) Clin . Chim . Acta 81, 1-40. Useful chemical coupling methods include those that use on glutaraldehyde, periodate, dimaleimide, m-maleimido- benzyl -N-hydroxy-succinimide ester . In Vitro Diagnostic Methods The invention encompasses a method of detecting an activated platelet in a biological sample, which includes the steps of contacting the sample with a labelled PSTP-specific antibody, and determining whether the antibody binds to a component of the sample. Antibody binding indicates that the sample contains a PSTP polypeptide, and consequently, an activated platelet . The invention includes a method of detecting a leukemic cell or a megakaryoblastic cell in a biological sample, which includes the steps of contacting the sample with a labelled PSTP-specific antibody, and determining whether the antibody binds to a component of the sample. Antibody binding indicates that the sample contains a leukemic cell or a megakaryoblastic cell. PSTP antibody binding is detected by means of the detectable label on the antibody. The detection technique will depend on the type of label used. Selection of a suitable detection technique for a particular type of label is within ordinary skill in the art. In Vivo Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods An antibody of this invention can be used as a diagnostic tool to localize a platelet thrombus in a mammal, e.g., a human patient suspected of having undesirable blood clots. The method includes administering to the mammal the labelled antibody, and determining where in the animal the label localizes. Detection of the label at a given site in the animal indicates the existence of a platelet thrombus at that site. A preferred label for a PSTP-specific antibody used for in vivo diagnosis is a paramagnetic isotope. Various paramagnetic isotopes are useful for magnetic resonance imaging. For discussions on in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, see, for example, Schaefer et al., (1989) JACC 14, 472-480; Shreve et al . , (1986) Magn . Reson . Med. 3, 336-340; Wolf, G. L., (1984) Physiol . Chem. Phys . Med . NMR 16, 93-95; Wesbey et al . , (1984) Physiol . Chem . Phys . Med . NMR 16, 145-155; Runge et al . , (1984) Invest. Radiol . 19, 408-415. An antibody of the invention can also be used in a form of therapy to target a compound to an activated platelet in a mammal. The method includes the steps of administering to an animal a composition containing the compound linked to a PSTP-specific antibody. Preferably, the targeted compound is a thrombolytic agent (to dissolve a thrombus) , an anti- thrombotic agent (to prevent thrombus formation) , an antiproliferative agent (to inhibit cell proliferation) , or an anti-migration agent (to inhibit migration of cells which contribute to the obstruction of a blood vessel at a thrombus site) . Thrombolytic agents include urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, tissue-type plasminogen activator, staphylokinase, and vampire bat tissue plasminogen activator. Anti-thrombotic agents include heparin, hirudin, and inhibitors of Factor Xa or Factor 5a. Anti-proliferative agents include inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor or heparin binding growth factor. Anti-migration agents include specific inhibitors of urokinase or integrin function. The therapeutic agents can be linked to a PSTP- specific antibody using a disulfide bond or a covalent crosslinking agent. The antibody and polypeptide therapeutic agent can also be produced recombinantly, as a fusion protein. PSTP Isolation Platelets were isolated from whole blood by differential centrifugation (Mustard et al . , 1989, Meth . Enzymol . 169:3-11). Platelets to be activated were resuspended in 50 ml of a modified Tyrode's buffer (3.5 mM HEPES, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 5.5 mM glucose, 3 mM NaH 2 P0 4 , 2 mM CaCl 2 and 1 mM MgCl 2 , without bovine serum albumin) at a concentration of 7.4 x 10 10 cells/ml. Platelets to be kept resting were resuspended at the same concentration in the modified Tyrode's buffer containing 1 mM EDTA without CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 . NHS-LC-biotin (sulfosuccinimidyl 6- (biotinamido) hexanoate, Pierce, Rockford, IL) was dissolved at a concentration 40 mg in 1 ml of H 2 0 containing 1% DMSO. Platelets were activated by the addition of 0.15 units of thrombin and incubated at 37°C for 5 min. The activated platelets were isolated by differential centrifugation, washed once in the same buffer and resuspended in 50 ml. The NHS-LC biotin solution (500 μl) was added to the resting and activated platelets, and the solutions were allowed to mix on a rotator for 2 hours, at room temperature. The tubes were centrifuged at 3000 rpm, for 20 minutes. The supernatant was removed and the platelet pellet was resuspended in 50 ml of their respective buffers, and then recentrifuged. The wash was repeated again, and the platelets were resuspended in 50 ml of Tyrode's buffer without BSA, containing 7% DMSO. Aliquots (1 ml) were frozen at -70°C, for later use. Thrombin-activated, biotinylated platelets were lysed by the addition of 1% (final) Triton X-100 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) containing 100 units/ml aprotinin, and 10 μM leupeptin. After centrifugation at 13,200 rpm for 5 minutes, in microfuge tubes, the supernatant was added to a streptavidin column (1 ml, Pierce, Rockford, IL) . The column was washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) until the absorbance at 280 nm was below 0.01. The bound biotinylated proteins were eluted with 8 M guanidine pH 1.5. The pH of the fractions was neutralized, and the fractions were dialyzed against PBS containing 1% Triton X-100. A male New Zealand rabbit was repeatedly immunized four times at 6 week intervals, with approximately 1 mg of biotinylated platelet proteins. Antiplatelet antiserum was obtained from the immunized rabbit by standard methods. The antiplatelet antiserum was absorbed against an E. Coli Y1090 lysate as described by Sambrook, et al . { supra) . The antiplatelet antibody was used to screen a custom CCRF (human leukemic cell line; Foley et al . , 1965, Cancer 18:522-529) cDNA library (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) as described by Sambrook et al . [ supra) . In the primary screen of -300,000 phage particles, PSTP was identified as an immunoreactive plaque. The plaque was purified to homogeneity by repetitive screening, and shown not to be reactive with non- immune rabbit antibody. The PSTP phagemid DNA was isolated by standard methods and subjected to double stranded DNA sequencing (Sanger et al., 1977, Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA 74:5463-5467). Deposit Statement The subject cultures have been deposited under conditions that assure that access to the cultures will be available during the pendency of the patent application disclosing them to one determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 CFR 1.14 and 35 USC 122. The date of deposit was October 4, 1996. The ATCC accession number is 97745. The deposits are available as required by foreign patent laws in countries wherein counterparts of the subject application, or its progeny, are filed. However, it should be understood that the availability of a deposit does not constitute a license to practice the subject invention in derogation of patent rights granted by governmental action. Further, the subject culture deposits will be stored and made available to the public in accord with the provisions of the Budapest Treaty for the Deposit of Microorganisms, i.e., they will be stored with all the care necessary to keep them viable and uncontaminated for a period of at least five years after the most recent request for the furnishing of a sample of the deposits, and in any case, for a period of at least 30 (thirty) years after the date of deposit or for the enforceable life of any patent which may issue disclosing the cultures plus five years after the last request for a sample from the deposit. The depositor acknowledges the duty to replace the deposits should the depository be unable to furnish a sample when requested, due to the condition of the deposits. All restrictions on the availability to the public of the subject culture deposits will be irrevocably removed upon the granting of a patent disclosing them. It should be noted that the deposits designate the encoded protein as "APP-3" instead of "PSTP." The terms "APP-3" and "PSTP" are synomous, for purposes of the present invention and the microorganism deposits made in connection therewith. Other embodiments are within the following claims. What is claimed is : SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION (i) APPLICANT: PRESIDNET AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE (ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: PLATELET SECRETORY TRANSPORT PROTEIN (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 2 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A) ADDRESSEE: Fish & Richardson P.C. (B) STREET: 225 Franklin Street (C) CITY: Boston (D) STATE: MA (E) COUNTRY: USA (F) ZIP: 02110-2804 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE: Diskette (B) COMPUTER: IBM Compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: DOS (D) SOFTWARE: FastSEQ Version 2.0 (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: (B) FILING DATE: (C) CLASSIFICATION: (vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 60/027,678 (B) FILING DATE: 07-OCT-1996 (viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: (A) NAME: CREASON, Gary L. (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 34,310 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: 05433/028WO1 (ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION: (A) TELEPHONE: 617-542-5070 (B) TELEFAX: 617-542-8906 (C) TELEX: 200154 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID Nθ:l: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 2504 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS : single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Other (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Sequence (B) LOCATION: 58...1833 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 1 : AGCTCGCGCG CCTGCAGGTC GACACTAGTG GATCCAAAGA ATTCGGCACG AGGGAAGATG 60 Met 1 GCG CCG CCG GTG GCA GAG AGG GGG CTA AAG AGC GTC GTG TGG CAG AAG 108 Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Glu Arg Gly Leu Lys Ser Val Val Trp Gin Lys 5 10 15 ATA AAA GCA ACA GTG TTT GAT GAC TGC AAG AAA GAA GGC GAA TGG AAG 156 lie Lys Ala Thr Val Phe Asp Asp Cys Lys Lys Glu Gly Glu Trp Lys 20 25 30 ATA ATG CTT TTA GAT GAA TTT ACC ACT AAG CTT TTG GCA TCG TGT TGC 204 lie Met Leu Leu Asp Glu Phe Thr Thr Lys Leu Leu Ala Ser Cys Cys 35 40 45 AAA ATG ACA GAT CTT CTA GAA GAA GGT ATT ACT GTT GTA GAG AAT ATT 252 Lys Met Thr Asp Leu Leu Glu Glu Gly lie Thr Val Val Glu Asn lie 50 55 60 65 TAT AAG AAC CGT GAA CCT GTC AGA CAA ATG AAA GCT CTT TAT TTC ATC 300 Tyr Lys Asn Arg Glu Pro Val Arg Gin Met Lys Ala Leu Tyr Phe lie 70 75 80 ACT CCG ACA TCA AAG TCT GTA GAT TGT TTC TTA CAT GAT TTT GCA AGT 348 Thr Pro Thr Ser Lys Ser Val Asp Cys Phe Leu His Asp Phe Ala Ser 85 90 95 AAA TCG GAG AAC AAG TAT AAA GCA GCA TAT ATT TAC TTC ACT GAC TTT 396 Lys Ser Glu Asn Lys Tyr Lys Ala Ala Tyr lie Tyr Phe Thr Asp Phe 100 105 110 TGC CCT GAT AAT CTC TTT AAC AAA ATT AAG GCT TCT TGC TCC AAG TCA 444 Cys Pro Asp Asn Leu Phe Asn Lys lie Lys Ala Ser Cys Ser Lys Ser 115 120 125 ATA AGA AGA TGT AAA GAA ATA AAT ATT TCC TTC ATT CCA CAT GAA TCT 492 lie Arg Arg Cys Lys Glu lie Asn lie Ser Phe lie Pro His Glu Ser 130 135 140 145 CAG GTG TAT ACT CTT GAT GTA CCA GAT GCA TTC TAT TAC TGT TAT AGT 540 Gin Val Tyr Thr Leu Asp Val Pro Asp Ala Phe Tyr Tyr Cys Tyr Ser 150 155 160 CCA GAC CCT GGT AAT GCA AAG GGA AAA GAT GCC ATT ATG GAA ACA ATG 588 Pro Asp Pro Gly Asn Ala Lys Gly Lys Asp Ala lie Met Glu Thr Met 165 170 175 GCT GAC CAG ATA GTT ACA GTG TGT GCC ACC TTG GAT GAA AAT CCC GGA 636 Ala Asp Gin lie Val Thr Val Cys Ala Thr Leu Asp Glu Asn Pro Gly 180 185 190 GTA AGA TAT AAA AGT AAA CCT CTA GAT AAT GCC AGT AAG CTT GCA CAG 684 Val Arg Tyr Lys Ser Lys Pro Leu Asp Asn Ala Ser Lys Leu Ala Gin 195 200 205 CTT GTT GAA AAA AAG CTT GAA GAC TAC TAC AAG ATT GAT GAA AAG AGC 732 Leu Val Glu Lys Lys Leu Glu Asp Tyr Tyr Lys lie Asp Glu Lys Ser 210 215 220 225 CTA ATA AAG GGT AAA ACT CAT TCA CAG CTC TTA ATA ATT GAT CGT GGC 780 Leu lie Lys Gly Lys Thr His Ser Gin Leu Leu lie lie Asp Arg Gly 230 235 240 TTT GAT CCT GTG TCC ACT GTC CTG CAT GAA CTG ACC TTT CAG GCA ATG 828 Phe Asp Pro Val Ser Thr Val Leu His Glu Leu Thr Phe Gin Ala Met 245 250 255 GCA TAT GAT CTA CTA CCA ATT GAG AAT GAT ACA TAC AAA TAT AAA ACA 876 Ala Tyr Asp Leu Leu Pro lie Glu Asn Asp Thr Tyr Lys Tyr Lys Thr 260 265 270 GAT GGA AAA GAA AAG GAG GCC ATC CTT GAA GAA GAA GAT GAC CTC TGG 924 Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Glu Ala lie Leu Glu Glu Glu Asp Asp Leu Trp 275 280 285 GTT AGA ATT CGA CAT CGA CAT ATT GCG GTT GTG TTA GAG GAA ATT CCC 972 Val Arg lie Arg His Arg His lie Ala Val Val Leu Glu Glu lie Pro 290 295 300 305 AAG CTT ATG AAA GAA ATT TCA TCA ACA AAG AAA GCA ACA GAA GGA AAG 1020 Lys Leu Met Lys Glu lie Ser Ser Thr Lys Lys Ala Thr Glu Gly Lys 310 315 320 ACA TCA CTT AGT GCT CTT ACC CAG CTG ATG AAA AAG ATG CCC CAT TTC 1068 Thr Ser Leu Ser Ala Leu Thr Gin Leu Met Lys Lys Met Pro His Phe 325 330 335 CGA AAA CAG ATT ACT AAG CAA GTT GTC CAT CTT AAC TTA GCA GAA GAT 1116 Arg Lys Gin lie Thr Lys Gin Val Val His Leu Asn Leu Ala Glu Asp 340 345 350 TGC ATG AAT AAG TTC AAG CTT AAT ATA GAA AAG CTC TGC AAA ACT GAA 1164 Cys Met Asn Lys Phe Lys Leu Asn lie Glu Lys Leu Cys Lys Thr Glu 355 360 365 CAG GAC CTG GCA CTT GGA ACT GAT GCA GAA GGA CAG AAG GTG AAA GAT 1212 Gin Asp Leu Ala Leu Gly Thr Asp Ala Glu Gly Gin Lys Val Lys Asp 370 375 380 385 TCC ATG CGA GTA CTC CTT CCA GTT CTA CTC AAC AAA AAT CAT GAT AAT 1260 Ser Met Arg Val Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Leu Asn Lys Asn His Asp Asn 390 395 400 TGT GAT AAA ATA AGA GCA ATT CTA CTT TAT ATC TTC AGT ATT AAT GGA 1308 Cys Asp Lys lie Arg Ala lie Leu Leu Tyr lie Phe Ser lie Asn Gly 405 410 415 ACT ACG GAA GAA AAT TTG GAC AGG TTG ATC CAG AAT GTA AAG ATA GAA 1356 Thr Thr Glu Glu Asn Leu Asp Arg Leu lie Gin Asn Val Lys lie Glu 420 425 430 AAT GAG AGT GAC ATG ATT CGT AAC TGG AGT TAC CTT GGT GTT CCC ATT 1404 Asn Glu Ser Asp Met lie Arg Asn Trp Ser Tyr Leu Gly Val Pro lie 435 440 445 GTT CCC CAA TCT CAA CAA GGC AAA CCG TTA AGA AAG GAT CGG TCT GCA 1452 Val Pro Gin Ser Gin Gin Gly Lys Pro Leu Arg Lys Asp Arg Ser Ala 450 455 460 465 GAA GAA ACT TTT CAG CTC TCT CGG TGG ACA CCT TTT ATC AAA GAT ATT 1500 Glu Glu Thr Phe Gin Leu Ser Arg Trp Thr Pro Phe lie Lys Asp lie 470 475 480 ATG GAG GAT GCT ATT GAT AAT AGA TTA GAT TCA AAA GAA TGG CCA TAT 1548 Met Glu Asp Ala lie Asp Asn Arg Leu Asp Ser Lys Glu Trp Pro Tyr 485 490 495 TGT TCC CAG TGT CCA GCA GTA TGG AAT GGT TCA GGA GCT GTA AGT GCT 1596 Cys Ser Gin Cys Pro Ala Val Trp Asn Gly Ser Gly Ala Val Ser Ala 500 505 510 CGC CAG AAA CCC AGA GCT AAT TAT TTA GAA GAC CGA AAA AAT GGG TCA 1644 Arg Gin Lys Pro Arg Ala Asn Tyr Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys Asn Gly Ser 515 520 525 AAG CTG ATT GTT TTT GTA ATT GGA GGG ATC ACA TAC TCT GAA GTG CGT 1692 Lys Leu lie Val Phe Val lie Gly Gly lie Thr Tyr Ser Glu Val Arg 530 535 540 545 TGT GCT TAT GAA GTT TCT CAG GCA CAT AAA TCC TGT GAA GTT ATT ATT 1740 Cys Ala Tyr Glu Val Ser Gin Ala His Lys Ser Cys Glu Val lie lie 550 555 560 GGT TCT ACA CAT GTT TTA ACA CCC AAA AAG CTG TTG GAT GAT ATA AAG 1788 Gly Ser Thr His Val Leu Thr Pro Lys Lys Leu Leu Asp Asp He Lys 565 570 575 ATG CTG AAT AAA CCC AAG GAT AAA GTC TCC TTA ATT AAA GAT GAATAGCA 1838 Met Leu Asn Lys Pro Lys Asp Lys Val Ser Leu He Lys Asp Glu 580 585 590 TTTCTTTTTG GAGGGTTTAG AGATTCTTAC TAATATGTTG AACTAAAATAGAAAGAAAAT 1898 GTTGCTGTCA TGTAATTTAA ACAATGTAAA TATTTTATGG AAT ATGGCTTTTCAAATAC 1958 ATTTCTTAAG GAACTGTTTA TGATTATTAC TGGATTTGTC ATTTTTGATAATTTAAATAT 2018 TGCTGCTGCT TTGTAGATGA TGAGAAGAAA TGTTAAAGTG CTTTCTAAAAGGAAATTTTT 2078 TCACCTTTGG AGGAGAATAT ATTAGAGTTG TGGGTAATTT TTCACAGCCACCTATGTACA 2138 TACTAATTAC CCATTGGATA CTTATATCTA AAAGTCTCAT GCTGAAGTATAGTTTTTGGG 2198 AAAGAATGAT TTTAAATAAA GAGATTGTAA AAGTAAAAAA CTGTAAATGTATATGTATGA 2258 TAGAATTGTT TCCTCTAAGT GTAGTTTTTC TTTCAACTAA AATTCAGTTTATGTGTAAAA 2318 TAATTCAGTC ATTAATAGAA ATGGAGTGAT TTCACAGTGT GTACTGTTTTGCCACATACT 2378 TCTAAAGAAC ACAATTTTAT ATAATTTTGA AATCATGTAT GTTTAAATTAGAAAACCAAA 2438 AATCATGAAC ATTCTAAGAG AAAATAAATA TAGAATTTAA AAAATTAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 2498 AAAAAA 2504 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID Nθ:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 592 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS : single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Nθ:2: Met Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Glu Arg Gly Leu Lys Ser Val Val Trp Gin 1 5 10 15 Lys He Lys Ala Thr Val Phe Asp Asp Cys Lys Lys Glu Gly Glu Trp 20 25 30 Lys He Met Leu Leu Asp Glu Phe Thr Thr Lys Leu Leu Ala Ser Cys 35 40 45 Cys Lys Met Thr Asp Leu Leu Glu Glu Gly He Thr Val Val Glu Asn 50 55 60 He Tyr Lys Asn Arg Glu Pro Val Arg Gin Met Lys Ala Leu Tyr Phe 65 70 75 80 He Thr Pro Thr Ser Lys Ser Val Asp Cys Phe Leu His Asp Phe Ala 85 90 95 Ser Lys Ser Glu Asn Lys Tyr Lys Ala Ala Tyr He Tyr Phe Thr Asp 100 105 110 Phe Cys Pro Asp Asn Leu Phe Asn Lys He Lys Ala Ser Cys Ser Lys 115 120 125 Ser He Arg Arg Cys Lys Glu He Asn He Ser Phe He Pro His Glu 130 135 140 Ser Gin Val Tyr Thr Leu Asp Val Pro Asp Ala Phe Tyr Tyr Cys Tyr 145 150 155 160 Ser Pro Asp Pro Gly Asn Ala Lys Gly Lys Asp Ala He Met Glu Thr 165 170 175 Met Ala Asp Gin He Val Thr Val Cys Ala Thr Leu Asp Glu Asn Pro 180 185 190 Gly Val Arg Tyr Lys Ser Lys Pro Leu Asp Asn Ala Ser Lys Leu Ala 195 200 205 Gin Leu Val Glu Lys Lys Leu Glu Asp Tyr Tyr Lys He Asp Glu Lys 210 215 220 Ser Leu He Lys Gly Lys Thr His Ser Gin Leu Leu He He Asp Arg 225 230 235 240 Gly Phe Asp Pro Val Ser Thr Val Leu His Glu Leu Thr Phe Gin Ala 245 250 255 Met Ala Tyr Asp Leu Leu Pro He Glu Asn Asp Thr Tyr Lys Tyr Lys 260 265 270 Thr Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Glu Ala He Leu Glu Glu Glu Asp Asp Leu 275 280 285 Trp Val Arg He Arg His Arg His He Ala Val Val Leu Glu Glu He 290 295 300 Pro Lys Leu Met Lys Glu He Ser Ser Thr Lys Lys Ala Thr Glu Gly 305 310 315 320 Lys Thr Ser Leu Ser Ala Leu Thr Gin Leu Met Lys Lys Met Pro His 325 330 335 Phe Arg Lys Gin He Thr Lys Gin Val Val His Leu Asn Leu Ala Glu 340 345 350 Asp Cys Met Asn Lys Phe Lys Leu Asn He Glu Lys Leu Cys Lys Thr 355 360 365 Glu Gin Asp Leu Ala Leu Gly Thr Asp Ala Glu Gly Gin Lys Val Lys 370 375 380 Asp Ser Met Arg Val Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Leu Asn Lys Asn His Asp 385 390 395 400 Asn Cys Asp Lys He Arg Ala He Leu Leu Tyr He Phe Ser He Asn 405 410 415 Gly Thr Thr Glu Glu Asn Leu Asp Arg Leu He Gin Asn Val Lys He 420 425 430 Glu Asn Glu Ser Asp Met He Arg Asn Trp Ser Tyr Leu Gly Val Pro 435 440 445 He Val Pro Gin Ser Gin Gin Gly Lys Pro Leu Arg Lys Asp Arg Ser 450 455 460 Ala Glu Glu Thr Phe Gin Leu Ser Arg Trp Thr Pro Phe He Lys Asp 465 470 475 480 He Met Glu Asp Ala He Asp Asn Arg Leu Asp Ser Lys Glu Trp Pro 485 490 495 Tyr Cys Ser Gin Cys Pro Ala Val Trp Asn Gly Ser Gly Ala Val Ser 500 505 510 Ala Arg Gin Lys Pro Arg Ala Asn Tyr Leu Glu Asp Arg Lys Asn Gly 515 520 525 Ser Lys Leu He Val Phe Val He Gly Gly He Thr Tyr Ser Glu Val 530 535 540 Arg Cys Ala Tyr Glu Val Ser Gin Ala His Lys Ser Cys Glu Val He 545 550 555 560 He Gly Ser Thr His Val Leu Thr Pro Lys Lys Leu Leu Asp Asp He 565 570 575 Lys Met Leu Asn Lys Pro Lys Asp Lys Val Ser Leu He Lys Asp Glu 580 585 590

Claims: Claims 1. An isolated DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a naturally-occurring protein that: (1) shares at least 80% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:2, (2) occurs naturally in platelets, and (3) binds to syntaxin. 2. The DNA of claim 1, wherein said nucleotide sequence defines a DNA molecule whose complement hybridizes under high stringency conditions to a DNA whose nucleotide sequence consists of SEQ ID NO:l. 3. An isolated DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein the amino acid sequence of which is SEQ ID NO: 2. 4. The DNA of claim 3, wherein said nucleotide sequence is the coding region of SEQ ID NO:l. 5. A vector comprising the DNA of claim 1. 6. A vector comprising the DNA of claim 3. 7. The vector of claim 5, wherein said DNA is operably linked to an expression control sequence, said expression control sequence comprising a promoter. 8. The vector of claim 6, wherein said DNA is operably linked to an expression control sequence, said expression control sequence comprising a promoter. 9. A cell comprising the DNA of claim 1. 10. A cell comprising the DNA of claim 3. 11. A substantially pure protein that: (1) consists of an amino acid sequence that shares at least 80% identity with SEQ ID N0:2, (2) occurs naturally in platelets, and (3) binds to syntaxin. 12. A substantially pure protein selected from the group consisting of : a protein whose amino acid sequence consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; and a protein whose amino acid sequence consists of SEQ ID NO: 2 without its signal peptide. 13. An antibody that binds specifically to the protein of claim 12. 14. The antibody of claim 13, further comprising a detectable label. 15. A method for targeting a compound to an activated platelet in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal said compound conjugated to the antibody of claim 13. 16. A method for locating a platelet thrombus in a mammal, said method comprising the steps of: (a) administering to said mammal the antibody of claim 13 , and (b) detecting where said antibody binds in said mammal, as an indication of the location of said thrombus in said mammal . 17. An in vi tro screening method for identifying a compound that modulates platelet secretory transport protein gene expression, said method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a test cell; (b) contacting said test cell with a candidate compound; (c) detecting an increase or decrease in the level of platelet secretory transport protein gene expression in the presence of the candidate compound, compared to the level of platelet secretory transport protein gene expression in the absence of the candidate compound, as an indication that said candidate compound modulates platelet secretory transport protein gene expression. 18. An in vitro screening method for identifying a compound that modulates platelet secretory transport protein interaction with syntaxin, said method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a platelet secretory transport protein sample solution; (b) adding to said sample solution a candidate compound; (c) adding to said sample solution a syntaxin sample; and (d) detecting an increase or decrease in platelet secretory transport protein-syntaxin binding in the presence of said candidate compound, compared to platelet secretory transport protein-syntaxin binding in the absence of said candidate compound, as an indication that said candidate compound modulates platelet secretory transport protein interaction with syntaxin. 19. An in vi tro screening method for identifying a compound that modulates the binding of SNAP-25 to syntaxin in the presence of platelet secretory transport protein, said method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a platelet secretory transport protein sample solution; (b) adding to the sample solution a SNAP-25 sample; (c) adding to the sample solution a candidate compound; (d) adding to the sample a syntaxin sample; and (e) detecting an increase or decrease in SNAP-25- syntaxin binding in the presence of the candidate compound, compared to SNAP-25 -syntaxin binding in the absence of the candidate compound, as an indication that said candidate compound modulates the binding of SNAP-25 to syntaxin in the presence of the platelet secretory transport protein. 20. A method of producing a platelet secretory transport protein, said method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a cell transformed with an isolated DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protein the amino acid sequence of which is SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) culturing said cell; and (c) collecting said protein encoded by said nucleotide sequence.

Inventors: REED GUY L, REED, GUY, L.
Applicants: HARVARD COLLEGE, PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE
Application year: 1997
Main classification: C07K14
IPC codes: A61K38, A61K39, A61K45, A61P7, C07K14, C07K16, C12N1, C12N5, C12N15, C12P21, G01N33