CONTAINER FOR A VIAL OR AMPOULE

Abstract: A portable container (10) suitable for housing and protecting vials (<u>Y</u>) ampoules and other small vessels containing pharmaceutical or veterinary preparations such as vaccines, which are sensitive to changes in temperature or to relatively high temperature, is provided. The container (10) comprises a layered wall (11) defining a centrally located cavity (13) for receiving the vial (<u>Y</u>). The wall (11) includes an outer thermally insulating layer (12) surrounding a substance (14) for providing a passive cold source to the cavity (13) and two spaced inner layers (16 and 18) of a relatively hard plastics material providing an annular chamber wherein the substance (14) is received.

Description: Container for a Vial or Ampoule INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION THIS invention relates to a portable container which is specifically adapted "or holding and protecting vials and ampoules and their contents. The articles to be protected will be termed vials in this specification, which term shall include within its scope ampoules, and other small vessels and their contents such as vaccines and the like. This invention further relates to a portable container for the passive cooling of vials. The container is particularly suitable for housing and protecting vials containing pharmaceutical or veterinary preparations such as vaccines which are sensitive to changes in temperature or to relatively high temperature. Vials are generally supplied in boxes, which may contain ten or more vials, to pharmacists, veterinary surgeons or other drug supply facilities. A disadvantage of these boxes is that the vials are not thermally insulated by the boxes during transportation and storage. Where the contents of the vials are sensitive to changes in temperature, an additional isolating container has to be provided to protect the vials against extreme temperatures and sudden changes in temperature. Opening of the isolating container to remove one of the vials, will raise the temperature inside the container to the detriment of the other vials. Certain v accines, which are dispensed from vials, have to be maintained at a temperature of between 2° and 8°C An example of such vaccine is a SAIMR ABSORBED TETANUS vaccine. Transportation, storage and dispβnsirg of these vaccines in remote and underdeveloped areas is relatively difficult, if not impossible with known vial containers. When a pharmacist supplies one or more vials to a patient, the pharmacist will remove the required number of vials from a box in which the vials are contained and may place the vials into another packet, box or suitable container. A disadvantage of this is that the vials are unprotected from damage and because the vials are also usually made of glass, they will easily shatter in the event of the packet or box being dropped. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a portable container for vials with which the aforesaid disadvantages may be overcome or minimised or to provide a useful alternative to the known vial containers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the invention there is provided a portable container for a vial, the container having a wall defining a centrally located cavity for receiving the vial, the wall having a first thermally insulating layer surrounding a substance for providing a passive cold source to the cavity. Preferably the substance is provided in semi-solid, gel or liquid form, and is selected from the group comprising sodium acetate, polyethylene glycol, silicone based compounds, glycol alcohols, water, and polymers. Further according to the invention the wall includes second and third spaced apart layers of a relatively hard plastics material and the substance for providing a passive cold source forms an annular layer disposed between the second and third layers. The wall may include a fourth insulating inner layer which is surrounded by the other layers. Further according to the invention the first to fourth layers are in the form of concentrically disposed, cylindrical, blind ended tubes. Preferably the container has a closed bottom and an open top and the container may include a thermally insulating lid for closing the open top. The wall may be provided with a connecting formation and the lid may define a complementary formation for cooperating with the connecting formation. The container may include a downwardly directed annular flange member provided on the open top of the container, the flange member connecting to the first layer of the container by a friction fit. An inner surface of the annular flange member may define an annular extending groove formation and an outer surface of the second layer may define a circumferentially extending ridge formation for mating with the groove formation. The first layer may comprise polyurethaπe foam or expanded polystyrene foam. in one form of the invention, an inner surface of the fourth layer is profiled to provide protrusions for abutting the outer surface of the vial and for defining an air filled buffer zone between the vial and the substance for providing a passive cold source. In another form of the invention, the lid is provided with at least one gripping formation for gripping one end of the vial. In yet another form of me invention, the lid includes an axially aligned pierceable disc which is adapted to be pierced by the needle of a syringe, the container being adapted to contain a vial having a similarly pierceable top. The container may include en outer protective skin. In an alternative form of the invention wherein the container is of the disposable type, the first layer is moulded from poiyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene foam and the first layer defines an annular chamber for receiving the substance for providing the passive cold source. In this form, the lid defines en annular line of weakness surrounding a centrally located break-away zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described further, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional stde view of a portable container according to a first embodiment of the invention for a vial; figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional exploded side view of the container of figure 1 ; figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line Ill-Ill in figure 1 ; figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a portable container according to a second embodiment of the invention for a vial; figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional side view of an upper portion of a portable container according to a third embodiment of the invention for a vial; figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional side view of an upper portion of a portable container according to a fourth embodiment of the invention for a vial; figure 7 is a cross-sectional plan view of a portable container according to a fifth embodiment of the invention for a vial; and figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a disposable portable container according to a sixth embodiment of the invention for a vial. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Referring to figures 1 to 3, a portable container according to a first embodiment of the invention, for a vial is generally designated by reference numeral 10. The container 10 has a wall 1 1 defining a centrally located cavity 13 (figures 2 and 3) for receiving a vial Y (figure 1 ). The wall 1 1 is constituted from four tubular blind ended concentrically disposed layers 12, 16, 18 and 20. The first and fourth layers 12 and 20 are of a thermally insulating material; preferably of poiyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene foam. The container 10 further includes a substance 1 for providing a passive cold source and surrounding the cavity 13. The substance 14 may be in solid, gel or liquid form, and is selected from the group including sodium acetate, polyethylene glycol, silicone based compounds, glycol alcohols, water, and polymers. Preferably the substance 14 comprises a gel of the type which is commonly used in cold packs with cooler boxes, the gel also being known as pharmaceutical gel The substance 14 is disposed between the spaced apart second and third layers 16 and 18 which are both of a relatively hard plastics material, preferably high density polyethylene. In this embodiment of the invention, the inner fourth layer 8 20 is shaped and sued to receive a single vial Y The upper edges of the second and third layers 16 and 18 are connected to each other. Referring particularly to figure 2, a downwardly extending annular flange 22 is connected to the open top of the first layer 1 2 via a friction fit and an inner surface of the flange 22 defines an annular extending groove formation 24. An outer surface of the second layer 16 defines a circumf β rentialiy extending πdge formation 26 for mating with the groove formation 24. Referring still to figure 2. the open top of the wall 1 1 is provided with a connecting formation in the form of external screw thread 27 defined by the second layer 16. The container 10 further includes a tid 28 comprising a profiled disc 30 of expanded polystyrene foam having an annular insert 32 of a plastics material such as high density polypropylene. The insert 32 is provided with a complementary formation in the form of internal screw thread 34 for cooperating with the screw thread 27 defined by the second layer 16. In use, the container 10 is opened and placed in a freezer (not shown) to lower the temperature of the substance 14, so that the substance 14 provides a passive cold source The container 10 is removed from the freezer and the vial Y placed inside the cavity 1 3 and the container 10 closed bv the lid 28. It will be appreciated that the contents of the vial Y_ is protected against sudden changes in temperatures by the first layer 12 insulating the container 10 and by the substance 1 providing a passive cold source The fourth layer 20 serves to protect the vial Y from a sudden excessive drop in temperature due to the proximity of the vial Y_ to the substance 14. The container 10 containing the vial Y may thus be transported and stored outside for a substantial period without a significant change in the temperature of the contents of the vial Y. Temperature sensitive contents of a vial can thus be protected against excessive temperatures by maintaining a coid chain by use of a container 10 according to the invention. For example, a manufacturer can piace a vaccine containing vial, which is ideally kept at a temperature of between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius, inside the container 10 and send the container 10 to a consumer. It was found that the contents of the vial Y can be maintained within the above temperature range for a period of approximately 24 hours or longer, using the container 10 according to the invention EXAMPLE The efficiency of a container 10 according to the first embodiment was tested using a method including the steps of: a) preparing an empty capped 10ml vial by. removing the cap of the vial; inserting a suitable tube of a plastics material through the centre of the cap; filling the vial with 10ml water; and replacing the cap; b) storing the prepared vial in a refrigerator for at least 2 hours at a temperature of between 2 to 8 degrees Celsius; c) opening the container and storing the container in a freezer at a temperature of approximately -20 degrees Celsius for at least 1 hours; d) inserting a thermocouple through the tube into the vial and locating the thermocouple approximately in the centre of the vial; e) placing the vial inside the container and closing the container by the lid and removing the container from the freezer; and f) recording the temperature of the volume of water contained in the vial at regular intervals at an outside temperature of approximately 21 degrees Celsius. The recorded results of the method described above, are shown in f i g u re n o . 9 . Referring to figure 4, a portable container according to a second embodiment of the invention for a vial is generally designated by reference numeral 40. The container 40 is similar to the container 1 0, with the exception that the container 40 is relatively longer so that a plurality of vials Y can be received inside the container 40 in end to end relationship. A further exception is that the container 40 is provided with a protective coating 46 such as shrink wrap. Hcferπng to figure 5, an upper portion of a portable container according to a third embodiment of the invention for a vial is shown in cross- section and is generally designated by reference numeral 50. The container 50 is similar to the container 10, with the exception that the container 50 is provided with an axialiγ aligned pierceable disc 52 which is incorporated into the lid 54 of the container 50. The disc 52 is adapted to be pierced by the needle N of a syringe and the container 50 is further adapted to contain a vial Y having a similarly pierceable top. It will be appreciated that with a container 50, the contents of the vial Y can be dispensed without opening the container 50. Referring to figure 6. a lid of a portable container according to a fifth embodiment of the invention for a vial is generally designated by reference 60. The lid 60 is similar to the lid 28 of the container 1 , with the exception that the lid 60 is provided with a gripping means 62 for gripping the cap of a vial Y received in the container (not shown). Preferably the gripping means 62 comprises a body of foamed plastic embedded in the lid 60. It will be appreciated that the advantage of the lid 60 is that the vral Y is lifted from the container when opening and lifting the lid 60. Referring to figure 7. a container according to a sixth embodiment of the invention for a vial Y 13 3how 1 ιr crυss-section and is generally designated by reference numeral 70. The container 70 is similar to the containe r 10, with the exception that the inner surface of the container 70 is profiled to provide a plurality of inwardly directed projections 72 for spacing the vial Y from the substance 14, so that a buffer space 74, which prevents temperature shocks to the contents of the vial Y, is defined between the vial Y and the substance 14. Referring to figure 8, a disposable portable container according to a seventh embodiment of the invention, is generally designated by reference numeral 80. The container 80 comprises a base 82 and a lid 84 of an insulating material such as expanded polystyrene foam. The base 82 is moulded in one piece and defines a central cavity 86 for receiving a vial Y as hereinbefore described and further provides an annular chamber 88 for receiving a substance 14 for providing a passive cold source as described above. The chamber 88 has a closed bottom and an open top which is closed by an annular disc 90 of a plastics material after the chamber 88 has been filled with the substance 14. The base 82 defines an upwardly directed annular flange formation 92 extending around a mouth of the cavity 86. The lid 84 is profiled to define an inner annular groove formation 94 for receiving the flange formation 92, and to define an annular line of weakness 96 aligned with the groove formation 94 to demarcate a breakaway portion 98. A lift tab 100 is bonded to the break-away portion 98 to assist in the breaking away thereof, as shown in dotted lines in figure 8. In use, the base 82 is placed in a freezer to lower the temperature of the substance 14. The vial X is then placed in the cavity 86 and the lid 84 bonded to the base. The container 80 with the vial Y is transported to the location of a user who opens the container 80 to gain access to the vial Y by pulling the tab 100 away from the rest of the container 80. It will be appreciated that a label designating the contents of the vial can be applied to the outer surface of any of the containers described above. It will be appreciated further that the invention is not limited to any of the embodiments depicted herein but that the portable containers described herein will prove to be effective dispensing tools for the protection and dispensing of vials and ampoules. Not only will a vial to an extent be thermallv insulated and passively protected against excessive temperatures when in a container according to the invention, but the container will also protect the vial against damage due to excessive shocks. The container also serves as a corwenient body onto which a label can be placed so as to identify the contents thereof. It will be appreciated even further that a large number of variations in detail are possible with portable containers according to the invention without departing from the scope and/or spirit of the appended claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1 . A portable container for a vial, the container having a wall defining a centrally located cavity for receiving the vial, the wall having a first thermally insulating layer surrounding a substance for providing a passive cold source to the cavity. 2. A container according to claim 1 wherein the substance is provided in semi-solid, gel or liquid form, and is selected from the group comprising sodium acetate, polyethylene glycol, silicone based compounds, glycol alcohols, water, and polymers. 3. A container according to claim 2 wherein the wall includes second and third spaced apart layers of a relatively hard plastics material and the substance for providing a passive cold source forms an annular layer disposed between the second and third layers. 4. A container according to claim 3 wherein the wall includes a fourth insulating inner layer which is surrounded by the other layers. 5. A container according to claim 4 wherein the first to fourth layers are in the form of concentrically disposed, cylindrical, blind ended tubes. 6. A container according to any one of the preceding claims having a closed bottom and an open top and wherein the container includes a thermally insulating lid for closing the open top. 7. A container according to claim 6 wherein the wall is provided with a connecting formation and wherein the lid defines a complementary formation for cooperating with the connecting formation. 8. A container according to claim 6 insofar as it is dependant on claim 5 which includes a downwardly directed annular flange member provided on the open top of the container, the flange member connecting to the first layer of the container by a friction fit. 9. A container according to claim 8 wherein an inner surface of the annular flange member defines an annular extending groove formation and wherein an outer surface of the second layer defines a circumferential ly extending ridge formation for mating with the groove formation. 18 10. A container according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the first layer comprises poiyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene foam. 1 1 . A container according to claim 4 or claim 5 wherein an inner surface of the fourth layer is profiled to provide protrusions for abutting the outer surface of the vial and for defining an air filled buffer zone between the viaJ and the substance for providing a passive cold source. 12. A container according to any one of claims 6 to 9 wherein the lid is provided with at least one gripping formation for gripping one end of the vial. 13. A container according to any one of claims 6 to 12 wherein the lid includes an axially aligned pierceable disc which is adapted to be pierced by the needle of a syringe, the container being adapted to contain a vial having a similarly pierceable top c 1 . A container according to any one of the preceding claims which includes an outer protective skin. 19 15. A container according to claim 6 wherein the first layer is moulded from poiyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene foam and defines an annular chamber for receiving the substance for providing the passive cold source. 16. A container according to claim 5 wherein the lid defines an annular line of weakness surrounding a centrally located break-away zone. 17. A portable container substantially as herein described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Inventors: COETZEE JAN FREDERICK, COETZEE, JAN, FREDERICK
Applicants: COETZEE JAN FREDERICK, KISCH OCTROOIBUREAU, TRIPLE CCC CC, COETZEE, JAN, FREDERICK, OCTROOIBUREAU KISCH N.V.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: F25D3
IPC codes: A61J1, B65D81, F25D3