CELLULAR ATTACHMENT TO LAMININ 5-COATED TRANS-EPITHELIAL APPLIANCES

Abstract: A trans-epithelial appliance or shaped article coated with laminin 5. Laminin 5 stimulates cell attachment and may comprise an insoluble or soluble cell matrix. The appliance will be useful for reducing inflammation and/or infection at the site of entry of the appliance. The appliance may also be used to stimulate gum junctional epithelium adhesion in the treatment of, for example, gingivitis and periodontitis.

Description: CELLULAR ATTACHMENT TO LAMININ 5 COATED TRANS-EPITHELIAL APPLIANCES Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the attachment of cells to shaped articles. More specifically, the invention relates to the attachment of epithelial cells to laminin 5-coated biologically compatible implants and trans-epithelial appliances. Background of the Invention When organs of the body are formed, they develop in neatly organized arrays. Often, cell types are separated by connective tissue called basement membranes. In skin, for instance, the superficial layer of epidermal cells adheres to the underlying basement membrane. This skin basement membrane acts as a barrier between the epidermal cells on the outside, and the dermal cells underneath. A similar arrangement of cells occurs in the lining of the gut and in the oral cavity. Basement membranes have been implicated in the growth, attachment, migration, repair and differentiation of their overlying cell populations. Three layers have been defined in basement membranes: a) the lamina lucida, an electronmicroscopically clear region in close approximation to the overlying cells; b) the lamina densa, an electron dense region of 20-300 nm in width; and c) the sublamina densa which contains anchoring fibrils, microfibriliar bundles and collagen fibers. Many epithelial cells interact with the underlying extracellular matrix, a network of proteins to which cells attach, via a junction called the hemidesmosome (Staehelin, (1974) Structure and Function of Intercellular Junctions, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 191-283). The hemidesmosome, with its anchored structures including intermediate filaments and anchoring fibrils, forms an adhesion complex. When cultured on tissue culture plastic in vitro, most epithelial cells do not assemble bona fide hemidesmosomes despite the fact that they appear to express all of the necessary plaque and hemidesmosomal components. Several cell lines, including the 804G and NBT-II rat bladder carcinoma cell lines, are capable of assembling hemidesmosomes /? vitro under standard culture conditions (Riddelle et al., (1991) J. Cell Biol., 112:159- 168; Hieda et al., (1992), J. Cell Biol., 116:1497). It has also been reported that substratum-induced staining by anti-hemidesmosome antibodies is greatly diminished in 804G cell cultures that enter in vitro wound sites (Riddelle et al., (1992) J. Cell Sci., 103:475-490). As described in Langhofer et al. U Cell Sci., 105:753-764, 1993) and in U.S. Patent No. 5,541,106, when epithelial cells unable to themselves form hemidesmosomes are plated on the cell matrix deposited by 804G or NBT-II rat bladder carcinoma cells, hemidesmosome formation is induced. In addition, U.S. Patent No. 5,422,264 discloses that a soluble matrix equivalent produced by 804G cells can also induce attachment and hemidesmosome formation in cells contacted with the soluble matrix. The 804G deposited (insoluble) matrix and soluble matrix contain similar protein components as visualized by immunoblotting. These proteins exhibit significant similarity to human merosin, a laminin A isoform, and to Drosophila laminin A. U.S. Patent No. 5,585,267 describes the growth of epithelial cells on 804G and NBT-II matrix-coated trans-epithleial appliances. U.S. Patent No. 5,510,263 discloses the enhanced growth of pancreatic islet cells cultured on the 804G deposited matrix. Rouselle et al. U Cell Biol., 114:567-576, 1991) and Burgeson et al. (PCT W092/17498; PCT W094I05316) describe a molecule called kalinin which is secreted into the culture medium by human keratinocytes and enhances cell attachment. Carter et al. [Cell, 65:599 610, 1991; PCT W095/06660) describe an epithelial ligand complex called epiligrin found in the extracellular matrix of human keratinocytes. In addition, a basement membrane glycoprotein called BM600 is secreted into the culture medium of human keratinocytes (Verrando et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 942:45-56, 1988; Hsi et al., Placenta 8:209-217, 1987). Although kalinin and epiligrin stimulate adhesion of cells to a substrate, they have not been reported to induce formation of hemidesmosomes. Any medical device, including indwelling catheters and colostomy tubes, which breach the skin for extended periods of time will result in inflammation and/or infection. It would be particularly desirable to coat the surface of these devices with epithelial cells prior to or after insertion into the skin to prevent these undesirable processes. It would also be desirable to coat surgical meshes with epithelial cells for use in skin allografts. In addition, periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease resulting in destruction of gum tissue epithelium and bone erosion, would be amenable to treatment with dental abutment pieces coated with epithelial cells. This would promote reattachment of detached gum tissue to the tooth surface. The maintenance of tissues and organs ex vivo is also highly desirable. Tissue replacement therapy is well established in the treatment of human disease. Human epidermal cells can already be grown in vitro and used to populate burn sites and chronic skin ulcers. However, many primary cells and tissues are difficult to establish in vitro on normal tissue culture plastic. Although this problem is partially alleviated by the use of extracellular matrix- coated cell supports, this is only a temporary solution. Thus, there is a need for trans-epithelial appliances capable of stimulating epithelial cell attachment and spreading and for a composition capable of supporting the viability of tissues and organs maintained ex vivo. The present invention satisfies these needs. Summary of the Invention One embodiment of the present invention is an article of manufacture, comprising a trans-epithelial appliance; and a composition comprising laminin 5 deposited on the appliance, with the proviso that the laminin 5 composition is not rat laminin 5. According to a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the laminin 5 is human laminin 5. Preferably, the laminin 5 is kalinin or epiligrin. Advantageously, the article is an indwelling catheter, needle, metal pin, metal rod, colostomy tube or dental abutment piece. According to one aspect of this preferred embodiment, the article further comprises epithelial cells deposited on the composition. In another aspect of this preferred embodiment, the appliance is used in vivo. Advantageously, the appliance is made of or coated with a biocompatible metal which may be either stainless steel or titanium. Alternatively, the appliance is made of or coated with a ceramic material. This material is preferablγ hydroxyapatite. According to another aspect of this preferred embodiment, the appliance is made of or coated with a polymer. Advantageously, the polymer is polyester, polyglycolic acid or a polygalactose-polyglycoiic acid copolymer. The present invention also provides a method for inducing epithelial cell attachment to a trans-epithelial appliance, comprising coating the appliance with a composition comprising laminin 5 prior to incubation with epithelial cells, with the proviso that the laminin 5 composition is not rat laminin 5. According to a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the laminin 5 is human laminin 5. Preferably, the laminin 5 is kalinin or epiligrin. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the appliance is an indwelling catheter, needle, metal pin, metal rod, colostomy tube or dental abutment piece. Preferably, the appliance is made of or coated with a polymer. The polymer may be polyester, polyglycolic acid or a polygalactose-polyglycoiic acid copolymer. Still another embodiment of the invention is a method for inducing epithelial cell attachment to a surface, comprising applying a composition comprising laminin 5 to the surface, with the proviso that the laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5. According to a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the laminin 5 is human laminin 5. Preferably, the laminin 5 is kalinin or epiligrin. Another embodiment of the invention is an article of manufacture, comprising: a biocompatible shaped article adapted for use in vivo in a mammal; and a hemidesmosome formation-inducing composition comprising laminin 5 on the shaped article, with the proviso that the laminin 5 composition is not rat laminin 5. Preferably, the laminin 5 is human laminin 5. The present invention also provides a composition for use in growing mammalian epithelial cells, comprising laminin 5 protein, wherein the laminin 5 induces the formation of hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells contacting the protein; with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably, the laminin 5 is human laminin 5. The present invention also provides the use of a composition comprising laminin 5, with the proviso that the laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5, for inducing epithelial cell attachment to a surface in vivo in a mammal. Preferably, the laminin 5 is human laminin 5. Advantageously, the mammal is a human. Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention provides shaped articles and trans-epithelial appliances coated with a soluble or insoluble laminin 5 extracellular matrix molecule produced by various cell types. As defined herein, "laminin 5" refers to the structurally similar laminin-like molecules 804G and NBT-II soluble/insoluble matrix, epiligrin (Carter et al., Cell, 65:599-610, 1991; PCT WO95/06660), kalinin (Rouselle et al., J. Cell Biol., 114:567-576, 1991; Burgeson et al., PCT W092/17498 and PCT W094/05316) and BM600 (Verrando et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 942:45-56, 1988; Hsi et al., 8:209-217, 1987). Human laminin 5 molecules also promote adhesion of cells cultured thereon and comprise proteins of similar molecular weights to those produced by 804G cells. However, onlγ the 804G and NBT-II matrices induce formation of hemidesmosomes. Thus, laminin 5 may be functionally separated into those molecules which induce formation of hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells cultured thereon and those which do not induce hemidesmosome formation. The enhanced attachment, spreading and hemidesmosome formation of epithelial cells contacted with these molecules will have significant applications in the promotion of cell adhesion in vivo. However, it is contemplated that any laminin 5 will enhance attachment and spreading of epithelial cells subsequently plated on the coated trans-epithelial appliance and will thus be useful in the applications described herein. The 804G cell line is described by Izumi et al., Cancer Bes., (1981) 41:405409, and was deposited with the American Tγpe Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, on February 24, 1994, and assigned accession number ATCC CRL 11555 The NBT-II cell line was also deposited on February 24, 1994, and assigned accession number ATCC CRL 11556. The present invention provides both soluble and insoluble laminin 5 proteins, produced by such cells as 804G rat bladder carcinoma cells, NBT II rat bladder carcinoma cells and human keratinocytes, that can promote cell attachment and spreading in unrelated cells plated on the matrix-coated trans-epithelial appliance. The term "trans epithelial" appliance indicates any shaped article which penetrates the epithelium. Such appliances include, but are not limited to, dental abutment pieces, needles, metal pins or rods, indwelling catheters, colostomy tubes and surgical meshes made of biocompatible materials. Epithelial cells may be directly cultured on the laminin 5 deposited by the cells after removal of the cells Alternatively, the deposited matrix may be solubilized and isolated as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,541 ,106. The individual protein components of each laminin 5 may also be isolated or recombinantly produced and used to coat the appliance, either individually or in combination. Alternatively, the conditioned medium from cells can be used to coat the appliance. Alternatively, the purified soluble laminin 5 can be isolated from the conditioned medium and used to coat the appliance. The coating of any desired surface capable of supporting cell adhesion with laminin 5 is within the scope of the present invention. Methods related to production and isolation of the 804G soluble and insoluble cell matrix are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,422,264 and 5,541,106, respectively. Kalinin and epiligrin are present in the conditioned medium of human keratinocytes. The conditioned medium itself may be used as a source of kalinin and epiligrin. Kalinin may be immunopuπfied from conditioned medium using an immunoaffinity column directed against its BM165 antigen as described by Burgeson et al. (PCT W092/17498). Epiligrin is also present in the cell matrix secreted by ® human keratinocytes and may be isolated by a three-step extraction procedure comprising 1 % wjv TRITON X 100 to solubilize membrane and cytoplasmic components; 2 M urea and 1 M NaCl to remove nuclear and cγtoskeletal components; and 8 M urea to solubilize residual components. 0.5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is then added and the matrix removed bγ scraping (Carter et al., Cell, 65:599 610, 1991; PCT W095/06660). It will be appreciated that anγ soluble or insoluble cell matrix having the ability to support cell adhesion and spreading is within the scope of the present invention. One major use contemplated for laminin 5 is in cell growth and attachment. A substrate upon which cells are to be grown is coated with laminin 5 or components thereof The epithelial cells to be grown are then plated on or applied to the desired substrate, and grown on laminin 5 under normal epithelial cell culture conditions Such cells, including human cells in vivo and in vitro, will grow in an organized, tissue like fashion on the substrate and will attach and spread. Hemidesmosome formation promoted by the 804G soluble and insoluble matrix is a major advantage, because it greatly enhances cell attachment. It also appears that the organization of cells grown on the 804G matrix is significantly more advanced and tissue-like than control cells. The substrate used herein may be any desired substrate. For laboratory use, the substrate may be as simple as glass or plastic. For use in vivo, the substrate may be any biologically compatible material capable of supporting cell growth. Suitable substrate materials include shaped articles made of or coated with such materials as collagen, regenerated collagen, polyglycolic acid, polygalactose, polylactic acid or derivatives thereof; biocompatible metals such as titanium and stainless steel; ceramic materials including prosthetic material such as hydroxylapatite; synthetic polymers including polyesters and nylons; polystyrene; polyacrylates; polytetrafluoroethylene and virtually anγ other material to which biological molecules can readily adhere. The shaped articles contemplated for use in the invention include such forms as sheets, fabrics, prostheses, metal articles, bioerodible articles and implantable articles. The determination of the ability of a particular material to support laminin 5-mediated adhesion and/or hemidesmosome formation will require only routine experimentation by the skilled artisan. Such experimental protocols are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,541,106. The use of any laminin 5 for coating a shaped article is contemplated, provided that the laminin 5 is capable of inducing hemidesmosome formation in epithelial cells contacted therewith. One particular use of the present invention is to increase epithelial cell adhesion to target surfaces. For example, prostheses for dental implantation may be coated with laminin 5 to stimulate periodontal cell attachment. These prostheses typically comprise two separate pieces, an implant which is inserted into the bone and an abutment piece which actually contacts the junctional epithelium. Alternatively, the implant and abutment piece may be obtained as a single unit. In a preferred embodiment, the implants and abutment pieces are both made of titanium. Existing teeth may also be similarly coated with the soluble or insoluble matrix as a treatment for gum (junctional epithelium) disease, namely gingivitis and periodontitis, which promote the detachment of the gum from the tooth. These disease conditions allow the accumulation of food and other foreign matter in the space between the gum and the tooth, resulting in infection. Laminin 5 will promote reattachment of the gum to the tooth, thus preventing entry of foreign matter and subsequent infection. If the substrate is made of a natural or synthetic bioerodible material in the form of a mesh, sheet or fabric, the laminin 5 may be applied directly to the surface thereof or mixed in with the composition. Epithelial cells maγ then be cultured on the matrix to form transplantable or implantable appliances, including dental abutment pieces, needles, metal pins or rods, indwelling catheters, colostomy tubes, surgical meshes and anγ other appliance for which coating with the soluble or insoluble matrix is desirable. Alternatively, the materials maγ be implanted and cells maγ be permitted to attach in vivo. The epithelial cell-coated surgical meshes will be useful for skin allografts necessitated bγ compromised skin integritγ. The appliances of the present invention maγ coated with the complete, active laminin 5 or a structurally and/or functionally equivalent laminin from other cells, and may also be coated with anγ one of the individual protein components of laminin 5 which will promote cell attachment thereto. The abilitγ of a particular protein component to support these processes will require onlγ routine experimentation bγ the skilled artisan. Alternativelγ, the appliance maγ be coated with the conditioned medium from cells which secrete laminin 5. 804G cells maγ be grown in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or under low serum conditions (about 1% FCS). Additionally, the appliances maγ be coated with purified laminin 5 which has been secreted bγ cells into the culture medium. The appliances maγ be coated bγ directly culturing cells thereon and then removing the cells, such that the deposited matrix will remain on the appliance. Alternatively, the cells may be cultured in the laboratory on a conventional plastic or glass substrate, removed, and the deposited matrix obtained bγ scraping, abrading or treatment with low concentrations (0.5%- 1%) of sodium dodecγl sulfate (SDS) or other appropriate detergent. The recovered matrix is then applied to the appliance. The appliance maγ be immersed in, incubated in, or spraγed with the conditioned medium from laminin 5-producing cells grown under low or normal serum conditions. The growth of 804G cells under low serum conditions facilitates the purification of the matrix from the medium as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,422,264. The purified or reco binantlγ produced laminin 5 maγ also be applied to the appliance in the same manner as described hereinabove. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of laminin 5 used for coating the appliance is between about 20 μgfl and about 200 μg/l. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the concentration is between about 50 μg/l and about 150 μg/l. The 804G conditioned medium maγ also be used to support tissue and organ growth ex vivo. In human tissue explant culture, 804G matrix is utilized bγ cells and is incorporated into preexisting basement membranes. For example, in human corneal rims, the soluble laminin variant-containing 804G cell conditioned medium has been used for maintenance of epithelial cell attachment in corneas (Example 9) and induction of assemblγ of an essential epithelial cell-matrix attachment device in the same tissue. The corneas maγ be placed directlγ in conditioned medium from 804G cells or maγ be placed in conventional medium supplemented with 804G conditioned medium. The amount of 804G conditioned medium required for optimal corneal maintenance ex vivo will vary depending on the confluency, passage number and particular growth conditions of the cell, although the use of between 10% and 100% conditioned medium (the remainder being normal medium) is contemplated. Optimization of the amount of conditioned medium to use maγ be determined bγ one of ordinarγ skill in the art using routine experimentation. The maintenance of other tissues and organs ex vivo in 804G conditioned medium and 804G conditioned medium-supplemented normal medium is also within the scope of the invention. Pharmaceutical preparations of laminin 5 or its active components can be prepared in anγ suitable form, and generallγ comprise the active ingredient in combination with anγ of the well known pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The carriers can be injectable carriers, topical carriers, transdermal carriers, and the like. The preparation maγ advantageouslγ be in a form for topical administration, such as an ointment, gel, cream, spraγ, dispersion, suspension or paste. The preparations maγ further advantageouslγ include preservatives, antibacterials, antifungals, antioxidants, osmotic agents, and similar materials in composition and quantitγ as is conventional. For assistance in formulating the compositions of the present invention, one maγ refer to Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15th Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA (1975). As described in U.S. Patent No. 5,541,106, SCC12 human keratinocγtes, normally unable to themselves form hemidesmosomes, were induced to form these structures when plated on the 804G extracellular matrix. Normal human keratinocγtes (derived from human foreskins), HaCaT (immortalized cells), and SCC13 cells also exhibited almost identical responses when grown on the 804G matrix in comparison to the SCC12 cells. In each of these cell tγpes, growth on the 804G matrix led to a redistribution of integrins and mature hemidesmosome formation. In addition, similar experiments have been performed on the matrix produced bγ the NBT-II cell line. The results from these experiments are virtually identical to those illustrated for the 804G matrix. Ceils grown on NBT-II matrix were stimulated to form mature hemidesmosomes and redistribute intracellular integrins. Clones corresponding to 804G matrix polypeptides were isolated as described below. Example 1 Isolation of Clones Corresponding to 804G Matrix Polypeptides A human keratinocyte lambda gt11 expression library (Clontech, inc., Palo Alto, CA) was screened with an 804G matrix polyclonal antiserum according to Huynh et al., [DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, Volume I, D. Glover, Ed., IRL Press, Oxford, 1985). This polyclonal antiserum is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,541,106. Antibodies absorbed by the fusion protein products of the two clones showed reactivity with the 140 kD and 100 kD molecular weight species in an 804G matrix preparation and a whole cell extract of SCC12 cells. The antiserum was also used to screen a rat 804G expression library. Two independent clones from which antibodies to the 140 kD/100 kD polypeptide components were epitope-selected revealed over 85% identity with stretches of 94 residues in domain IV and 86 residues in domain l/ll of a recently identified variant of the B2 chain of laminin that has been termed laminin B2t (Kallunki et al., (1992) J. Cell Biol., 119:679-685). The B2t variant is not contained in EHS laminin, and therefore represents a new subunit. In addition, five clones from which antibodies to the rat 150 kD component were epitope-selected were isolated. To further characterize positive clones, plaque lifts of nitrocellulose-bound fusion proteins were used to epitope select antibodies (Sambrook et al., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor laboratorγ Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY). cDNA inserts were subcloned into Ml 3 vectors and sequenced bγ the dideoxγ chain termination method (Sanger et al., (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74:5463-5467). Sequence analγses were performed using the GCG sequence analγsis software package (Universitγ of Wisconsin Biotechπologγ Center, Madison, WI). The nucleotide sequence of the 140 kDa clone revealed that it encoded a region spanning amino acids 550- 810 in domain l/ll of human laminin B2t. This experiment illustrates the cross-reactivity of the matrix associated polγpeptides with the laminin B2t variant. The 150 kD clones encoded regions exhibiting sequence similaritγ to the Drosophila laminin A chain (Garrison et al., (1991) J. Biol. Chem., 266:22899-22904). The overall sequence identitγ between 294 amino acids of the rat 150 kD sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and amino acid residues 2365-2724 of the Drosophila laminin A chain (SEQ ID NO: 2) was 25%, a significant overlap considering the evolutioπarγ difference between rat and Drosophila. SEQ ID NO: 1 also exhibited 21 % identitγ to amino acids 1634-1970 of human erosin (SEQ ID NO: 3), a laminin A isoform. The cDNA sequences encoding these protein components maγ be inserted into either conventional prokarγotic or eukarγotic expression vectors, widelγ available from manγ commercial sources including Stratagene (La Jolla, CA), Invitrogen (San Diego, CA) and Promega (Madison, WI) using routine techniques, transfected into cells, and the expressed protein purified according to well known methods. Example 2 Adhesion of Epithelial Cells to 804G Soluble Matrix-Coated Dental Implants The three tγpes of titanium implants used were: IMZ titanium plasma spraγed (Interpore International, Irvine, CA), HA-coated titanium implant (Calcitek, Carlsbad, CA), and a screw-vent titanium implant (Dentsplγ, Inc., Encino, CA). The implant from Interpore had a polished titanium collar that was not covered with the spraγed titanium and the Calcitek implant came with a polished titanium healing screw. The implants were thoroughly cleaned with a detergent solution, extensively rinsed with tap water followed by deionized water and allowed to dry. Implants were sterilized bγ immersion in 95% ethanol, rinsed in sterile PBS lacking calcium and magnesium (BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD) and air-dried in a sterile petri dish. One sample of each tγpe of implant was left untreated, one was coated with 804G culture medium which contains the soluble matrix (See U.S. 5,422,264) (DMEMC -DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 M glutamine, 100 units/mi penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomγcin), and one was coated with 804G conditioned medium collected after four daγs of cell growth. Coating was performed bγ placing the implants into sterile 0.65 ml tubes containing DMEMC, 100 μl 804G conditioned medium, or nothing (untreated control). The implants were placed into the solutions upside down to ensure coating of the exposed polished titanium on the Interpore and Calcitek implants. The samples were then placed at 4°C overnight (about 16 hours). The implants were removed form the coating solutions and placed into six well tissue culture plates, one implant per well. Nonspecific binding sites on each implant were blocked with 5 ml of 1 % (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS for 5 hours at room temperature. The blocking solution was removed and the implants were washed three times with PBS. FGmet2 human pancreatic carcinoma cells, an epithelial cell line, were used to test for rapid cell adhesion to the coated implants. The cells were trypsinized and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes. The cell pellet was washed twice by resuspension in 1 % BSA in DMEM and centrifuged. The cell pellet was resuspended in 1 % BSA in DMEM to a final concentration of 2.2 x 10 cells/ml. The six well plates were tilted to allow the implants to rest against one edge of the well and the implants were overlayed with 1 ml of the cell suspension. The cells were incubated with the implants for 30 min at 37°C, removed bγ aspiration, and the implants washed three times with PBS. The cells were fixed for 5 minutes with 3% paraf ormaldehyde in 2% sucrose and PBS, and stained for 15 minutes with 0.5% crystal violet in 20% methanol. The excess dye was removed bγ rinsing under tap water and the implants were examined using an inverted phase microscope. Significant FGmet2 cell attachment and spreading was observed onlγ on the implants coated with the 804G conditioned medium. This result indicates that a hemidesmosome formation-inducing matrix secreted bγ 804G cells can induce epithelial cell attachment and spreading on a shaped, trans-epithelial appliance. Example 3 The experiment described in Example 2 is repeated, substituting kalinin or epiligrin in place of the 804G conditioned medium. Similar results are obtained. The abilitγ of soluble 804G matrix to coat absorbable and nonabsorbable surgical meshes and the subsequent abilitγ of the matrix to support rapid adhesion and cell proliferation was assessed as described in the following two examples. Example 4 Rapid Adhesion of Epithelial Cells to a Surgical Mesh 804G conditioned medium was used as a source of soluble matrix protein. A small piece of polypropylene (PROLENE™), polyester (MERSILENE™), and polyglactin (Vicryl™, a biodegradable copolγmer comprising 90% glγcolide, a polyglycolic acid derivative and 10% glactide, a polygalactose derivative) mesh (all from Ethicon, Inc.) were each placed into wells of a 24 well tissue culture plate containing either 1 ml 804G conditioned medium or 1 ml DMEM complete medium and incubated overnight at 4°C. The meshes were washed twice with PBS containing 1 % BSA (PBS + BSA) and nonspecific binding sites were blocked with PBS + BSA for one hour at room temperature. 4 x I O 5 FGmet2 cells in 1 ml DMEM + 1 % BSA + 25 mM HEPES were pipetted on top of the meshes and allowed to incubate at 37°C for 35 min. The meshes were then transferred into a 6 well tissue culture plate and washed three times for 5 min each in 5 ml PBS. The meshes were fixed in 1 ml 3% paraformaldehyde + 2% sucrose in PBS for 5 min at room temperature and the adherent cells stained with 0.5% crystal violet in 20% methanol for 15 min at room temperature. The meshes were washed extensively with water to remove nonspecific staining. The results indicated that both the 804G-treated Mersilene and Vicryl meshes visibly stained darker than the control-treated meshes. Thus, the polyester and polyglactin 910 meshes supported 804G matrix adhesion and, more importantly, promoted rapid adhesion of epithelial cells to these materials. In contrast, no detectable cell staining was observed with the 804G-treated Prolene mesh which is consistent with the observation that polypropylene has a low capacity for binding proteins. Example 5 The experiment described in Example 4 is repeated, substituting kalinin or epiligrin in place of the 804G soluble matrix. Similar results are obtained. Example 6 Growth of Epithelial Cells on Soluble 804G Matrix-Precoated Surgical Meshes Mersilene M and Vicryl™ meshes were precoated in 1 ml degassed 804G conditioned medium or degassed DMEM complete media containing 25 mM HEPES overnight at 4°C. Both mediums were degassed for 30 min at room temperature with a vane pump drawing a 23 mm Hg vacuum. The meshes were washed twice with sterile PBS and 1 ml RPMI complete medium containing 8 10 FGmet2 epithelial cells was pipetted on top of the meshes and allowed to incubate at 37°C. After one daγ of growth, FGmet2 cells were visiblγ attached and spreading on 804G-treated meshes. The loose weave of the Mersilene mesh permitted better visualization of the cells than the tight weave of the Vicryl™ mesh. After two daγs the meshes were transferred to a new plate, fresh medium was added and the incubation was continued. After five daγs, cells were growing extensively along the Mersilene mesh fibers and appeared to cover more than 50% of the fiber surface. In contrast, cells growing on the control-treated mesh grew into a ball-shaped structure and did not exhibit significant growth along the fiber surface. These results demonstrate the unique abilitγ of the soluble 804G matrix to adsorb onto medicallγ important surfaces and promote the attachment and proliferation of cells on these materials. Example 7 The experiment described in Example 6 is repeated, substituting kalinin or epiligrin in place of the soluble 804G matrix. Similar results are obtained. Example 8 Preservation of Corneal Explants with 804G Soluble Matrix Human donor corneal rims procured following penetrating keratoplasties were maintained in DMEM containing FCS (DMEM-) or in the same medium supplemented with soluble 804G matrix, including adhesion complex- associated matrix components, that are secreted in large amounts bγ 804G cells (DMEM-*-). After 72 hours, the tissue was processed for electron and immunofluorescence microscopy using various adhesion complex antibodies. The epithelial laγers became detached from the underlγing stroma in corneal rims maintained in DMEM-. This detachment was correlated with a loss of adhesion complexes and their protein constituents. In contrast, after 72 hours in DMEM+, the epithelial laγers appear healthy with numerous adhesion complexes in regions of cell-stromal attachment. In this wound model, no morphologic hemidesmosomes were observed in epithelial cells repopulating "wounds" in tissue material maintained in DMEM-. However, in DMEM+ media, morphologic hemidesmosomes were seen along the bare stroma in areas of epithelial cell-wound bed interaction. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to only those embodiments described in the Detailed Description. Any embodiment which retains the spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within its scope. However, the invention is onlγ limited by the scope of the following claims. SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: (i) APPLICANT: DESMOS, Inc. (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: CELLULAR ATTACHMENT TO LAMININ 5-COATED TRANS-EPITHELIAL APPLIANCES (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 3 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A) ADDRESSEE: Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear (B) STREET: 620 Newport Center Drive, Sixteenth Floor (C) CITY: Newport Beach (D) STATE: CA (E) COUNTRY: USA (F) ZIP: 92660 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS (D) SOFTWARE: PatentIn Release #1.0, Version #1.25 (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: (B) FILING DATE: (C) CLASSIFICATION: (vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: (B) FILING DATE: (viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: (A) NAME: Bartfeld, Neil S. (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 39,901 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: DESM0S.015VPC (ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION: (A) TELEPHONE: (619) 235-8550 (B) TELEFAX: (619) 235 0176 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID N0:1 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 295 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: 150 kD (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1 : Glu Phe Glu Thr Leu Gin Glu Lys Ala Gin Val Asn Ser Arg Lγs Ala 1 5 10 15 Gin Thr Leu Tγr Asn Asn He Asp Thr Thr lie Gin Asn Ala Lγs Glu 20 25 30 Leu Asp Met Lys He Lγs Asn He Leu Thr Asn Val His He Leu Leu 35 40 45 Lγs Gin He Ala Arg Pro Gly Gly Glu Glγ Met Asp Leu Pro Val Glγ 50 55 60 Asp Trp Ser Arg Glu Ser Ala Glu Arg His Glγ His Val Ala Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Arg Glγ Arg Asp Phe Lγs Lγs His Leu Gin Glu Ala Glu Ala Gin Lγs 85 90 95 Met Glu Ala Gin Leu Leu Leu Asn Arg He Arg Thr Trp Leu Glu Ser 100 105 110 His Gin Val Glu Asn Asn Glγ Leu Leu Lγs Asn He Arg Asp Ser Leu 115 120 125 Asn Asp Tyr Glu Ala Lys Leu Gin Asp Leu Arg Ser Val Leu Gin Glu 130 135 140 Ala Ala Ala Gin Glγ Lγs Gin Ala Thr Glγ Leu Asn His Glu Asn Glu 145 150 155 160 Glγ Val Leu Glγ Ala He Gin Arg Gin Met Lγs Glu Met Asp Ser Leu 165 170 175 Lγs Lγs Tγr Leu Thr Glu His Leu Ala Thr Ala Asp Ala Ser Leu Leu 180 185 190 Gin Thr Asn Ser Leu Leu Gin Arg Met Asp Thr Ser Gin Lγs Glu Tγr 195 200 205 Glu Ala Trp Gin He Asp He Ser Leu Glu Gin His Pro Val His Asn 210 215 220 Cys Leu Leu Arg Leu Thr Leu Arg Gin Asp Leu He Asp Leu Asn Phe 225 230 235 240 Ser Phe Ser Val Pro Gin Val Val Asp Thr Arg Gin Leu Ala He Tyr 245 250 255 Asn Arg His Ala Tγr Val Val Leu Glγ Glγ He Leu Val Ser Lγs Val 260 265 270 His Tγr Lγs His Cγs Pro Thr Cγs Leu His Ser Leu Leu Ser Leu Val 275 280 285 Phe Glγ Glγ Thr Lγs Thr Tγr 290 295 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID N0:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 360 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: laminin A (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID N0:2: Lγs Phe Asp Thr Val Ser Glu Gin Lγs Leu Gin Ala Glu Lγs Asn He 1 5 10 15 Lγs Asp Ala Glγ Asn Phe Leu He Asn Glγ Asp Leu Thr Leu Asn Gin 20 25 30 He Asn Gin Lγs Leu Asp Asn Leu Arg Asp Ala Leu Asn Glu Leu Asn 35 40 45 Ser Phe Asn Lγs Asn Val Asp Glu Glu Leu Pro Val Arg Glu Asp Gin 50 55 60 His Lγs Glu Ala Asp Ala Leu Thr Asp Gin Ala Glu Gin Lγs Ala Ala 65 70 75 80 Glu Leu Ala He Lγs Ala Gin Asp Leu Ala Ala Gin Tγr Thr Asp Met 85 90 95 Thr Ala Ser Ala Glu Pro Ala He Lγs Ala Ala Thr Ala Tγr Ser Glγ 100 105 110 He Val Glu Ala Val Glu Ala Ala Gin Lγs Leu Ser Gin Asp Ala He 115 120 125 Ser Ala Ala Glγ Asn Ala Thr Asp Lγs Thr Asp Glγ He Glu Glu Arg 130 135 140 Ala His Leu Ala Asp Thr Glγ Ser Thr Asp Leu Leu Gin Arg Ala Arg 145 150 155 160 Gin Ser Leu Gin Lγs Val Gin Asp Asp Leu Glu Pro Arg Leu Asn Ala 165 170 175 Ser Ala Glγ Lγs Val Gin Lγs He Ser Ala Val Asn Asn Ala Thr Glu 180 185 190 His Gin Leu Lγs Asp He Asn Lγs Leu He Asp Gin Leu Pro Ala Glu 195 200 205 Ser Gin Arg Asp Met Trp Lγs Asn Ser Asn Ala Asn Ala Ser Asp Glu 210 215 220 Ala Glu He Leu Lγs Asn Val Leu Glu He Leu Glu Pro Val Ser Val 225 230 235 240 Gin Thr Pro Lγs Glu Leu Glu Lγs Ala His Glγ He Asn Arg Asp Leu 245 250 255 Asp Leu Thr Asn Lγs Asp Val Ser Gin Ala Asn Lγs Gin Leu Asp Asp 260 265 270 Val Glu Glγ Ser Val Ser Lγs Leu Asn Glu Leu Ala Glu Asp He Glu 275 280 285 Glu Gin Gin His Arg Val Glγ Ser Gin Ser Arg Gin Leu Glγ Gin Glu 290 295 300 He Glu Asn Leu Lγs Ala Gin Val Glu Ala Ala Arg Gin Leu Ala Asn 305 310 315 320 Ser lie Lγs Val Glγ Val Asn Phe Lγs Pro Ser Thr He Leu Glu Leu 325 330 335 Lγs Thr Pro Glu Lγs Thr Lγs Leu Leu Ala Thr Arg Thr Asn Leu Ser 340 345 350 Thr Tγr Phe Arg Thr Thr Glu Pro 355 360 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID N0:3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 337 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: (B) CLONE: erosin (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: Glu Leu Lγs His Leu Leu Ser Pro Gin Arg Ala Pro Glu Arg Leu He 1 5 10 15 Gin Leu Ala Glu Glγ Asn Leu Asn Thr Leu Val Thr Glu Met Asn Glu 20 25 30 Leu Leu Thr Arg Ala Thr Lγs Val Thr Ala Asp Glγ Glu Gin Thr Glγ 35 40 45 Gin Asp Ala Glu Arg Thr Asn Thr Arg Ala Lγs Ser Leu Glγ Glu Phe 50 55 60 lie Lγs Glu Leu Ala Arg Asp Ala Glu Ala Val Asn Glu Lγs Ala He 65 70 75 80 Lγs Leu Asn Glu Thr Leu Glγ Thr Arg Asp Glu Ala Phe Glu Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Glu Glγ Leu Gin Lγs Glu He Asp Gin Met He Lγs Glu Leu Arg 100 105 110 Arg Lγs Asn Leu Glu Thr Gin Lγs Glu He Ala Glu Asp Glu Leu Val 1 15 120 125 Ala Ala Glu Ala Leu Leu Lγs Lys Val Lys Lγs Leu Phe Glγ Glu Ser 130 135 140 Arg Gly Glu Asn Glu Glu Met Glu Lys Asp Leu Arg Glu Lγs Leu Ala 145 150 155 160 Asp Tγr Lys Asn Lys Val Asp Asp Ala Trp Asp Leu Leu Arg Glu Ala 165 170 175 Thr Asp Lγs He Arg Glu Ala Asn Arg Leu Phe Ala Val Asn Gin Lγs 180 185 190 Asn Met Thr Ala Leu Glu Lys Lγs Lγs Glu Ala Val Glu Ser Glγ Lγs 195 200 205 Arg Gin He Glu Asn Thr Leu Lγs Glu Gly Asn Asp He Leu Asp Glu 210 215 220 Ala Asn Arg Leu Ala Asp Glu He Asn Ser He He Asp Tyr Val Glu 225 230 235 240 Asp He Gin Thr Lγs Leu Pro Pro Met Ser Glu Glu Leu Asn Asp Lγs 245 250 255 lie Asp Asp Leu Ser Gin Glu He Lγs Asp Arg Lγs Leu Ala Glu Lγs 260 265 270 Val Ser Gin Ala Glu Ser His Ala Ala Gin Leu Asn Asp Ser Ser Ala 275 280 285 Val Leu Asp Glγ He Leu Asp Glu Ala Lγs Asn He Ser Phe Asn Ala 290 295 300 Thr Ala Ala Phe Lγs Ala Tγr Ser Asn He Lγs Asp Tγr He Asp Glu 305 310 315 320 Ala Glu Lγs Val Ala Lγs Glu Ala Lγs Asp Leu Ala His Glu Ala Thr 325 330 335 Lγs

Claims: What is Claimed is: 1 An article of manufacture for use in surgerγ, comprising. a trans epithelial appliance; and a composition comprising laminin 5 deposited on said appliance, with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5 2 The article of Claim 1, wherein said laminin 5 is human laminin 5. 3. The article of Claim 2, wherein said laminin 5 is selected from the group consisting of kalinin and epiligrin 4 The article of Claim 1, wherein said appliance is a shaped article selected from the group consisting of indwelling catheter, needle, metal pin, metal rod, colostomγ tube and dental abutment piece. 5. The article of Claim 1, further comprising epithelial cells deposited on said composition 6. The article of Claim 1, wherein said appliance is used in vivo. 7. The article of Claim 1, wherein said appliance is made of or coated with a biocompatible metal 8. The article of Claim 7, wherein said metal is stainless steel or titanium. 9 The article of Claim 1, wherein said appliance is made of or coated with a ceramic material 10. The article of Claim 9, wherein said ceramic material is hydroxyapatite. 1 The article of Claim 1, wherein said appliance is made of or coated with a polymer. 12. The article of Claim 11, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyglycolic acid and a polygalactose-polyglycoiic acid copolymer. 13. A method for inducing epithelial cell attachment to a trans epithelial appliance, comprising coating said appliance with a composition comprising laminin 5 prior to incubation with epithelial cells, with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5. 14. The method of Claim 13, wherein said laminin 5 is selected from the group consisting of kalinin and epiligrin 15 The method of Claim 13, wherein said appliance is selected from the group consisting of indwelling catheter, needle, metal pin, metal rod, colostomy tube and dental abutment piece 16 The method of Claim 13, wherein said appliance is made of or coated with a polymer. 17. The method of Claim 16, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyglycolic acid and a polygalactose-polyglycoiic acid copolymer. 18. A method for inducing epithelial cell attachment to a surface, comprising applγing a composition comprising laminin 5 to said surface, and placing said surface in vivo in a mammal, with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5. 19. The article of Claim 18, wherein said laminin 5 is selected from the group consisting of kalinin and epiligrin 20. An article of manufacture for use in vivo, comprising: a biocompatible shaped article selected from the group consisting of prosthesis, metal article, bioerodible article and implantable article, said shaped article adapted for use in vivo in a mammal; and a hemidesmosome formation-inducing composition comprising laminin 5 on said shaped article, with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5. 21. The article of Claim 20, wherein said laminin 5 is human laminin 5. 22. A composition for use in growing mammalian epithelial cells, comprising: laminin 5 protein, wherein said laminin 5 induces the formation of hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells contacting said protein, with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 23. Use of a composition comprising laminin 5, with the proviso that said laminin 5 is not rat laminin 5, for inducing epithelial cell attachment to a surface in vivo in a mammal. 24. The use of Claim 23, wherein said laminin 5 is human laminin 5. 25. The use of claim 23, wherein said mammal is a human.

Inventors: HALBERSTADT CRAIG, HALBERSTADT, CRAIG
Applicants: DESMOS INC, DESMOS, INC.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A61L27
IPC codes: A61C8, A61K6, A61L26, A61L27, A61L29, A61L31