Process cartridge, electrophotographic image forming apparatus driving force transmission part and electrophotographic photosensitive drum

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, wherein the main assembly includes a motor, a main assembly side gear for receiving driving force from the motor and a main assembly recess defined by twisted surface, the main assembly recess being substantially coaxial with the gear, and a main assembly projection provided in the main assembly and substantially coaxial with the gear, the process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7); process means actable on the photosensitive drum; and a twisted cartridge projection engageable with the twisted surfaces, the projection (17a) being provided at a longitudinal end of the photosensitive drum; a cartridge recess provided at a free end of the cartridge projection and substantially coaxial with the cartridge projection, wherein when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly, the main assembly projection enters the cartridge recess; wherein, when the main assembly side gear rotates with the main assembly recess and cartridge projection engaged with each other, rotational driving force is transmitted from the gear to the photosensitive drum through engagement between the main assembly recess and the cartridge projection (17a).

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART The present invention relates to a process cartridge, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, driving force transmission part and electrophotographic photosensitive drum. Here, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus means an apparatus using an electrophotographic image formation type process to form an image on a recording medium. Examples of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus include electrophotographic copying machine, electrophotographic printer (laser beam printer, LED printer or the like), facsimile device and word processor. Here, the process cartridge may be a cartridge which is detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus and which contains as an unit an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one one of process means such as charging means, developing means, cleaning means or the like. The process cartridge may be a cartridge which is detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus and which contains as an unit an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a process means such as charging means, developing means, cleaning means or the like. The process cartridge may be a cartridge which is detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus and which contains as an unit an electrophotographic photosensitive member and developing means. Since the process cartridge is detachably mountable relative to the main assembly of the device, the maintenance of the device is easy. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic image formation type is such that a latent image is formed by selectively exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member uniformly charged by charging means to image information light. The latent image is developed with toner by a developing means into a toner image. The toner image thus formed is transferred onto a recording medium by transferring means to form an image on the recording material. Various methods have been proposed to rotate the electrophotographic photosensitive drum. In one method, as disclosed in in U.S. Patent No. 5023660, pins fixed on a side surface of the gear provided on the main assembly are engaged with recesses formed in a side surface of a gear provided in the photosensitive drum, by which the photosensitive drum is rotated. In another method, as disclosed in in U.S. Patent No. 4829335, a helical gear provided in the main assembly and the helical gear provided on the photosensitive drum, are engaged to rotate the photosensitive drum. These methods are both very effective for transmitting the rotation force to the photosensitive drum. The present invention is a further and fundamental improvement of the conventional methods and structures. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, a electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part, and a electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein rotation accuracy of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum is improved. It is another object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, a electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein the driving force is transmitted to the electrophotographic photosensitive drum from the main assembly assuredly. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, electrophotographic image forming apparatus, driving force transmission part, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein the rotation center of a coupling of the main assembly of the device is made concentric with the rotation center of a coupling of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum when the driving force is transmitted (upon image forming operation). It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, a electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein the positioning of the process cartridge relative to the device is improved by pulling the electrophotographic photosensitive drum into the main assembly side when the driving force is transmitted. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, a electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein an image quality is improved. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, a electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part, and electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein the connection in the driving force transmission mechanism between the main assembly and the process cartridge is broken when the driving force is not transmitted (non-image-formation period), so that the operativity in demounting the process cartridge from the main assembly. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein a projection is provided in a recess. According to this aspect of the present invention, foreign matter is prevented from entering the recess. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein an end surface of a projection is provided with a recess. According to this aspect of the present invention, the accuracy of the configuration of the projection can be improved. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein a portion of a recess not contactable with a projection is expanded. According to this aspect of the present invention, the accuracy of the configuration of the recess can be improved. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a driving force transmission part and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein a projection is provided in a recess, and a recess is provided in the projection. According to this aspect, the recess and the projection are prevented from damage thereto, even if the apparatus is transported or carried with the process cartridge loaded therein. The present invention provides the process cartridges of claims 1 and 10, the photosensitive drums of claims 19 and 26, the transmission member of claims 30 and 37, the image-forming apparatus of claims 41 and 54, and the driving members of claims 48 and 59. Preferred embodiments of the invention address the objectives set out above These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is perspective view a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a perspective view of a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a perspective view of a process cartridge mounting portion of a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a perspective view of a process cartridge mounting portion of a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a perspective view of a drum flange (driving force transmission part) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a photosensitive drum according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 is a sectional view of a process cartridge side coupling portion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 is a perspective view of a coupling portion of a process cartridge according to a present invention of the present invention. Figure 11 is a sectional view of a driving system of a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a sectional view of a driving system of a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 is a perspective view of a coupling of a main assembly of the device and a coupling of the process cartridge, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 is a perspective view of a coupling of a main assembly of a device and a coupling of a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 is a sectional view of a structure of a coupling portion and a cover of the main assembly of the device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 is a side view of a structure of a female coupling shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 is a side view of a structure of a female coupling shaft upon process cartridge mounting-and-demounting relative to the main assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 is a sectional view of a recess and a coupling projection according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 is a sectional view of a coupling projection according to a one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 is a sectional view of a process cartridge side coupling portion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 21 is a sectional view of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 is a perspective view of a recess and a coupling projection according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view and top plan view of a male shaft in the form of a twisted triangular prism provided on the process cartridge and an engageable female shaft provided in the main assembly of a device, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 24 is a perspective view of a twisted recess having a cross-section in the form of a triangle shape on the process cartridge, and a projection in the form of a complementary twisted triangular prism in the main assembly of the device, according to and embodiment of the present invention. Figure 25 is a perspective view of a driving mechanism of the coupling of Figure 24. Figure 26 illustrates an interrelation mechanism of a driving means and an openable cover according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 27 illustrates an interrelation mechanism of driving means and an openable cover according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention. Figure 28 is a perspective view of a female coupling shaft. Figure 29 is an axial sectional view of a male coupling projection and a recess (in a driving force transmitting position). Figure 30 is an axial sectional view of a male coupling projection and a recess (in a non-transmitting position). Figure 31 is a sectional view around a male coupling projection and a recess (in a driving force transmitting position). Figure 32 is a sectional view around a male coupling projection and a recess (in a stand-by position). Figure 33 is a sectional view of the structure around a male coupling projection and a recess (in a driving force transmitting position) according to a further embodiment. Figure 34 is a sectional view of a female coupling recess according to a further embodiment. Figure 35 is a sectional view of a male coupling projection and a recess according to a further embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 1 Referring to Figure 1 to Figure 10, the description will be made as to a process cartridge and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus to which it is detachably mountable according to embodiment 1. In the following description, the general arrangement of the process cartridge and the electrophotographic image forming apparatus usable therewith will be first described referring to Figure 1 to Figure 6, and then the structure of a coupling of a driving force transmission mechanism between the process cartridge and the image forming apparatus, referring to Figure 7 to Figure 10. {General Arrangement} Figure 1 is a schematic view of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus A to which the process cartridge is mounted; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the process cartridge B; Figure 3 and 4 are perspective views of outer appearance of the process cartridge; and Figure 5 and 6 illustrate device structures for mounting the process cartridge to the main assembly of the device. In this electrophotographic image forming apparatus (laser beam printer in the embodiment), as shown in Figure 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member 7 of a drum configuration is exposed to a laser beam based on an image information supplied from an optical system 1 so that a latent image is formed on the photosensitive member, and the latent image is developed with toner into a toner image. In synchronism with the formation of the toner image, a recording medium 2 (recording sheet or the like) is fed from a feeding cassette 3a by transporting means 3 comprising pick-up rollers 3b, feeding rollers 3c, feeding rollers 3d, registration rollers 3e or the like. The toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 7 is transferred onto the recording medium 2 by voltage application to the transfer roller 4 as transferring means. The recording medium 2 is guided by a guide plate 3f to a fixing means 5. The fixing means 5 comprises a fixing roller 5c comprising a driving roller 5a and a heater 5b, and applies heat and pressure to the recording medium 2 to fix the transferred toner image onto the recording medium 2. The recording medium 2 is fed by the discharging rollers 3g and 3h, and is discharged to the discharging portion 6 through a reversion feeding path. In the image forming apparatus A, a manual sheet feeding is possible using a manual feed tray and roller 3j. The process cartridge B contains the electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one process means. The process means includes, for example, charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, developing means for developing the latent image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and cleaning means for removing the residual toner from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The process cartridge B of this example contains a photosensitive drum 7, the charging roller 8, the exposure opening 9, and the developing means 10, as shown. The electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 in the process cartridge B is rotated through a coupling mechanism by the main assembly 13 of the device, as will be described hereinafter. The surface of the photosensitive drum is subjected to uniform charging by the voltage application to the charging roller 8 which is a charging means, and the information light from the optical system 1 is projected onto the photosensitive drum 7 through an exposure opening 9 to for a latent image, which is developed by the developing means 10. In the developing means 10, the toner in a toner accommodating portion 10a is fed out by rotation of a feeding member 10b. A developing roller 10d containing a fixed magnet 10c is rotated so that a toner layer having triboelectric charge provided by a development blade 10e is formed on the surface of the developing roller 10d. The toner is transferred to the photosensitive drum 7 in accordance with the latent image to form the toner image (visualization). The toner image is transferred onto the recording medium 2 by application of the voltage of the opposite polarity from the toner image to the transfer roller 4 provided in the main assembly 13 of the device. The photosensitive drum 7 after transfer is cleaned by the cleaning means 11 so that the residual toner is removed. More particularly, the toner is scraped off by the cleaning blade 11a. The toner thus removed is collected in a residual toner container 11c by a receptor sheet 11b. The charging roller 8 is contacted to the photosensitive drum 7 and is driven by the photosensitive drum 7. The cleaning blade 11a is contact to the photosensitive drum 7. The process cartridge B comprises a toner frame 12a having a toner accommodating portion 10a accommodating toner and a developing frame 12b supporting a developing member such as a developing roller 10d, which frames are welded together (ultrasonic welding in this example) to form a developing unit. This developing unit is swingably coupled with a cleaning frame 12c supporting the photosensitive drum 7, the charging roller 8, the cleaning means 11 and the like. The process cartridge B is mounted to a cartridge mounting means of the main assembly 13 of the device by an user in a direction crossing with a longitudinal direction of the photosensitive drum 7 (Figures 5 and 6). The cleaning frame 12c is provided with mounting guides 12c4 adjacent a bearing 12c2. The bearing 24 (projection 24a) mounted to the cleaning frame 12c is provided with a guide 12c4. The bearing 24, projection 24a and guide 12c4 are integrally molded. The mounting guide 12c4 are guided by guides 15a 15b when the process cartridge B is mounted. As cartridge mounting means, as shown in Figure 5, cartridge mounting guiding members 15 are mounted opposed to each other on left and right sides of a cartridge mounting space of the main assembly 13 (one side in Figure 5 and the other side in Figure 6). The guiding members 15 have guide portions 15a and 15c opposed to each other to function as guides when the process cartridge B is pushed into the main assembly. The process cartridge is inserted while bosses or the like projected from opposite longitudinal ends of the cartridge frame are guided by the guide portions 15a and 15c. When. the process cartridge B is to be mounted to the main assembly 13, a cover 14 which is openable about a shaft 14a is opened. By closing the openable cover 14, the process cartridge B is correctly mounting to the image forming apparatus A. When the process cartridge B is taken out from the main assembly 13, the openable cover 14 is opened. When the process cartridge B is mounted to the image forming apparatus A, the cartridge side coupling and the main assembly side coupling are combined in interrelation with the closing operation of the openable cover 14, as will be described hereinafter, so that the photosensitive drum 7 and the like can receive the driving force from the main assembly. {Coupling and Driving Structure} The description will be made as to the structure of the coupling means which is a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the process cartridge B from the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus. Figure 7 is a perspective view of a drum flange 16 as a driving force transmission part having an integrally formed male shaft 17; Figure 8 is a partly sectional perspective view of the photosensitive drum 7 having a drum flange 16 mounted thereto; Figure 9 is a sectional view wherein the photosensitive drum 7 is mounted to the process cartridge B; Figure 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the male shaft 17 of the process cartridge B of Figure 9; Figure 11 shows a relation between the male shaft 17 (provided to the process cartridge B) and the female shaft 18 (provided to the main assembly 13). As shown in Figure 8 to Figure 10 and Figure 28, there is provided a cartridge side coupling means at a longitudinal end of the photosensitive drum 7 in the process cartridge B. The coupling means has a male coupling shaft 17 (circular column configuration) mounted to the drum flange 16 fixed an end of the photosensitive drum 7. Here, the end surface of the projection 17a is parallel with the end surface of the projection shaft 17. The male shaft 17 is engaging with a bearing 24 and functions as a drum rotational shaft. In this example, the flange 16, male coupling shaft 17 and the projection 17a are integrally formed. The flange 16 is provided with a helical gear 16a for transmitting the driving force to the developing roller 10d in the process cartridge. Therefore, as shown in Figure 7, the drum flange 16 is an integrally molded member having the helical gear 16a, the male shaft 17 and the projection 17a, and is a driving force transmission part having the function of transmitting the driving force. The projection 17a has a twisted polygonal prism configuration, more particularly, the configuration resulting from twisting a substantially equilateral triangular prism in the rotational direction. The recess 18a is a polygonal shape twisted in the rotational direction of the shaft and therefore is engageable with or complementary with the projection 17a. The recess 18a has a section of substantially equilateral triangle. The recess 18a integrally rotates with the gear 34 of the main assembly 13. In the structure of this example, the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 13, and the projection 17a and the recess 18a of the main assembly 13 are engaged. When the rotation force is transmitted from the recess 18a to the projection 17a, the apexes of the projection 17a of the equilateral triangle are contacted regularly with the inside surfaces of the recess 18a, and therefore, the centers thereof are automatically aligned by the rotation, as will be understood from Figure 18, (a) and (b). Further, the force in the direction of pulling deviating the projection 17 to the recess 18 is produced during rotation due to the twisting directions thereof, so that the end surface 17a1 of the projection is contacted to the recess 18a. Since the photosensitive drum 7 is integral with the projection 17a, the axial position and radial position there are correctly determined in the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus. Referring to Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, 22, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33, the description will be made as to a hole 17a2 provided at a free end of the projection 17a, a projection 18a4 provided in the recess 18a and a configuration of the recess 18a. Figure 18 is a sectional view of a male coupling projection and a recess, and Figure 22 is a perspective view of the male coupling projection and the recess. Figure 28 is a perspective view, of the female coupling shaft. Figure 29 is an axial sectional view of a male coupling projection and a recess (in a driving force transmitting position). Figure 30 is an axial sectional view of a male coupling projection and a recess (in a non-transmitting position). Figure 31 is a sectional view around a male coupling projection and a recess (in a driving force transmitting position). Figure 33 is a sectional view of the structure around a male coupling projection and a recess (in a driving force transmitting position) according to a further embodiment. Figures 31 and 32 show the process cartridge B mounted to the main assembly 13 of the apparatus. As will be understood from the Figures, the free end of the projection 17a is provided with a hole 17a2 in this embodiment. The inner surface of the hole 17a2 is inclined inwardly toward the deep side from the free end portion, namely, conical (frusto-conical). The hole 17a2 has a circular cross-section, and is disposed substantially coaxial with said projection 17a. The hole 17a2 extends to the bottom surface of the projection 17a (free end surface of the male coupling shaft 17). The bottom of the hole 17a2 is provided with a through hole penetrating the drum flange 16. On the other hand, a projection 18a4 is provided in the recess 18a. The projection 18a4 is inclined outwardly toward the deep side from the free end side (conical, or mountain-like). The projection 18a4 has a circular cross-section, and is substantially coaxial with the female coupling shaft 18. The projection is extended from a bottom surface of the recess 18a to a position slightly inside the free end surface of the female shaft 18. When the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 13 of the apparatus, and the cover 14 is closed, the projection 18a4 enters the hole 17a2. At this time, a gap or play exists between the outer peripheral surface of the projection 18a4 and the inner peripheral surface of the hole 17a2 (Figure 18, (a), (b), and Figures 29, 31 - 33). As shown in these Figures, when the driving force is transmitted, a play is provided between the entire outer peripheral surface of the projection 18a4 and the entire inner peripheral surface of the hole 17a2, (Figures 18, (b), 29, 31 and 33). Therefore, the projection 18a4 and hole 17a2 do not influence the drive transmission action. In the stand-by state, (non-drive-transmitting state), a part of the outer peripheral surface of the projection 18a4 and a part of the inner peripheral surface of the hole 17a2 are contacted (Figure 18, (a) and Figure 32). As shown in Figures 29, 30 and 31, the relation between the hole 17a2 and the projection 18a4 is such that radial play therebetween when the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 are engaged with each other, is not more than the gap between the projection 24a (which will be described hereinafter) and the main assembly guide recess 15d (which will be described hereinafter) and than the radial play between the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a (approx. 0.3 mm - 1.0 mm). Namely, S ≥ T ≥ U is satisfied, where S is a radial play between the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a; T is a play between the projection 24a and the main assembly guide recess 15d; U is a radial play between the hole 17a2 in the end surface of the projection 17a and the projection 18a4 in the recess 18a when the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 are engaged with each other. As shown in Figures 29 and 30, V ≥ S is satisfied where V is a radial play between the entrance of the hole 17a2 and the free end of the projection 18a4. Therefore, when the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a are coupled, no interference occurs between the hole 17a2 in the end surface of the projection 17a and the projection 18a4 in the recess 18a. Referring to, Figure 18, (a), (b), Figure 28, 31, 32 and 33, the description will be made as to the configuration of the recess 18a. The recess 18a engageable with the projection 17a is generally or as a whole a hole twisted in the rotational direction of the shaft and having a polygonal cross-section. That. is, it functions as a twisted hole from the standpoint of the drive transmission. Therefore, the recess 18a is in the form of a hole twisted in the rotational direction at portions where it is contacted with the projection 17a. However, the portions not contactable with the projection 17a are expanded outwardly. By doing so, the thickness of the female shaft 18 at the portion where the recess 18a is provided is more uniform all around the female shaft 18. More particularly, such portions of the cross-section of the recess 18a as are contactable to the projection 17a, are parts of one substantially equilateral triangle, and the other portions are parts of one circle extending substantially along the outer periphery of the female shaft 18 (the circle is concentric with the center of the triangle in this embodiment, as will be understood from the Figure). The effects of the structure will be described. The projection 17a is an integrally molded plastic material. The provision of the hole 17a2 in the end surface of the projection 17a is effective to suppress variation of the resin material temperature and/or the pressure in the mold during the manufacturing and to reduce the contraction of the resin material, thus stabilizing the accuracy of the configuration of the projection 17a. The member in which the recess 18a is formed, is an integrally molded plastic material. Since the portions of the recess 18a other than the portions contactable to the projection 17a are arcuate along the contact portion of the female shaft 18, variation of the resin material temperature and/or the pressure in the mold is suppressed during manufacturing, and the contraction of the resin material is reduced, thus stabilizing the accuracy of the configuration of the recess 18a. Non-uniformity in the rotation or rattling of the contact points due to load variation in the drive transmission or the like can be minimized, so that rotational accuracy of the photosensitive drum 7 can be further improved. The effects of the coupling between the hole 17a2 and the projection 18a4 will be described. As described in the foregoing, the entrance of the hole 17a2 and the free end of the projection 18a4 are so related that radial play is not less than the play between the projection 24a and the main assembly guide portion projection, and therefore, the engagement between the projection 17a and the recess 18a is not influenced. The hole 17a2 and the projection 18a4 are so related that radial play when the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 are coupled with each other, is not more than the radial play between the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a. Therefore, even when the apparatus is transported or carried while process cartridge B is mounted in the main assembly thereof, the contact portions between the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a are not damaged. As described in the foregoing, a part of the outer peripheral surface of the projection 18a4 is contacted to a part of the inner peripheral surface of the hole 17a2 during the transfer or when the image forming operation is not carried out (non-drive-transmitting state) (Figure 18, (a) and Figure 32). Therefore, even if the apparatus (printer or the like) is moved with the process cartridge loaded therein, the relative movement between the recess 18a and the projection 17a in the radial direction is stopped by the hole 17a2 and the projection 18a4, the damage of the projection 17a and the recess 18a due to vibration or the like can therefore be avoided. Additionally, by the provision of the projection 18a4 in the recess 18a, foreign matter is prevented from entering the recess 18a when the process cartridge is assembled in the plant, when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly, when the process cartridge is removed from the main assembly for the purpose of maintenance of the main assembly, or the like. So, the damage to the recess 18a is further prevented. In this example, as seen from the photosensitive drum 7, the direction of twisting of the projection 17a is opposite from the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7 away from the base portion of the projection toward the end portion thereof. The direction of twisting of the recess 18a is opposite therefrom away from the inlet portion of the recess 18a toward the inside. The direction of twisting of the helical gear 16a of the drum flange 16, which will be described hereinafter, is opposite from the twisting direction of the projection 17a. As shown in Figure 18, the projection 17a and the recess 18a satisfy d1 < d0 < d2, where d0 is a diameter of a circumscribed circle R0 of the triangular prism of the projection 17a, d1 is a diameter of an inscribed circle R1 of the space in the form of triangle of the recess 18a, and d2 is a diameter of a circumscribed circle R2 of the triangle. Preferable examples of the numerical ranges of the diameters are as follows: d0 = approx. 3 mm - 70 mm d1 = approx. 3 mm - 70 mm d2 = approx. 3 mm - 70 mm In these ranges, the sizes are selected so as to satisfy the above-described relations. In this example, the sizes are as follows: d0 = approx. 16 mm d1 = approx. 9.5 mm d2 = approx. 17.5 mm The degree or amount of the twisting of the projection 17a is approx. 1° - 15° per 1mm of the axial length of the projection 17a in the rotational direction. More particularly, in this example, it is twisted at approx. 7.5° per 1mm of the axial length. The amount of twisting of the recess 18a is substantially the same as the amount of twisting of the above-described projection 17a. Specific examples of the sizes of the hole 17a2 and the projection 18a 4 are as follows: Diameter of the hole 17a2 at the free end: Approx. 1.0 mm - 50.0 mm (approx. 7.5 mm in this embodiment) Diameter of the hole 17a2 at the bottom thereof: Approx. 1.0 mm - 50.0 mm (approx. 5.5 mm in this embodiment) Depth of the hole 17a2: Approx. 1.0 mm - 30.0 mm (approx. 4.5 mm in the embodiment) Diameter of the projection 18a4 at the free end: Approx. 1.0 mm - 50.0 mm (approx. 4.5 mm in the embodiment) Diameter of the projection 18a4 at the base portion: Approx. 1.0 mm - 50.0 mm (approx. 6.5 mm in the embodiment) Length of the projection 18a4 (projection length): Approx. 1.0 mm - 30.0 mm (approx. 4.0 mm in the embodiment) The configurations and the sizes of the projection 17a and the recess 18a of the present invention, are not limited to the above, and properly selected by one skilled in the art. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the hole 17a2 may be a triangular hole, and the projection 18a 4 may be a triangular prism which is a little smaller than the hole. However, the present invention is not limited to these values. The position of a cross-section of a three dimensional member is determined by their contact points, theoretically. When the configurations of the projections 17a and the recesses 18a are substantially equilateral triangular, the apexes of the projection 17a are contacted to the inside surfaces of the equilateral triangle under the same conditions. Therefore, the changes of the contact points and the rotation non-uniformity of the coupling driving due to the load variation during the rotation of the process cartridge B are minimized, thus improving the rotation accuracy of the photosensitive drum 7 (Figure 18). The male shaft 17 and projection 17a are provided on the drum flange 16 so that when the drum flange 16 is mounted to an end of the photosensitive drum 7, it is aligned with the axis of the photosensitive drum 7. Designated by 16b is an engaging portion which is engaged with an inside surface of the drum cylinder 7a when the drum flange 16 mounted to the photosensitive drum 7. The drum flange 16 is mounted to the photosensitive drum 7 by cramping, bonding or the like. The outer surface of the drum cylinder 7a is coated with a photosensitive material 7b (Figure 8 and 9 reference). A drum flange 25 is fixed to the other end side of the photosensitive drum 7. The drum flange 25 has a drum shaft 25a and spur gear 25b integrally formed therewith. When the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 13 of the apparatus, the drum shaft 25a (bearing 12c2) is engaged with an U groove 15b (Figure 5) of the main assembly 13 of the apparatus so as to be correctly positioned, and the spur gear 25b integrally molded with the flange 25 is meshed with a gear (shown) for transmitting the driving force to the transfer roller 4. Examples of the material of the drum flange 16 include polyacetal (polyacetal), polycarbonate (polycarbonate) and polyamide (polyamide), polybutylene terephthalate, or another resin material. Other materials are usable. Around the projection 17a of the male coupling shaft 17 of the process cartridge B, a circular projection 24a coaxial with the male shaft 17 is provided on the cleaning frame 12c (Figures 3 and 9). The projection 24a functions to protect the coupling projection 17a when, for example, the process cartridge B is mounted or demounted relative to the main assembly, so that the coupling projection 17a is prevented from being damaged or deformed by external force or the like. Thus, the vibration or wobbles during the coupling driving operation due to the damage of the projection 17a, can be avoided. The projection 24a also can function as a guiding member for the mounting and demounting of the process cartridge B relative to the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus. More particularly, when the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly A, the projection 24a is contacted to the main assembly side guide portion 15c and functions to guide the process cartridge B to the mounting position of the apparatus, thus facilitating the mounting-and-demounting of the process cartridge B relative to the main assembly 13. When the process cartridge B is mounted to the mounting position, the projection 24a is supported by the recess 15d provided on the guide portion 15c. When the male coupling shaft 17 and female shaft 18 are aligned by the driving force for the image formation, the projection 24a is raised slightly from the U groove 15d (approx. 0.3 mm - 1.0 mm), and the gap between the projection 24a and the main assembly guide portion 15a (recess 15d) is smaller than the gap between the coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a in the radial direction. Therefore, the engagement between the coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a are permitted while the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 13. A recess 18a is provided opposed to the U groove 15d. The configuration of the projection 24a is not limited to the circular as in this example, but may be any, for example, arcuate configuration, if it is guided by the guide portion 15c, and is supported by the U groove 15d. In this example, the bearing 24 for supporting rotatably the shaft portion 17 and the circular projection 24a are integrally molded, and is fixed to the cleaning frame 12c by screws (Figure 9), but the bearing 24 and the projection 24a may be separate members. In this example, the drum shaft 25a is engaged with the bearing portion 12c2 provided in the cleaning frame 12c (Figure 9), and the male shaft 17 is engaged to the inside surface of the bearing 24 provided in the cleaning frame 12c, and with this state, the photosensitive drum 7 is mounted to the cleaning frame 12c of the process cartridge B. Therefore, the photosensitive drum 7 is rotated about the shaft 17 and 25a. In this example, the photosensitive drum 7 is mounted to the cleaning frame 12c in the manner that the movement thereof in the axial direction is possible. This is done in consideration of the mounting tolerance. This structure is not inevitable, and the photosensitive drum 7 may be non-movable in the slide direction. Among the photosensitive drum 7, the flange 16 and the male coupling shaft 17, there is a relationship as shown in Figure 9. More particularly, the outer diameter of the photosensitive drum 7 (outer diameter of the cylinder 7a) = D1, the helical gear dedendum circle diameter = G, the diameter of the photosensitive drum bearing (outer diameter of the shaft portion 17, the inner diameter of the bearing 24) = F, the diameter = C of the circumscribed circle of the coupling projection, and the engaging portion diameter (drum inner diameter) = D2 of the drum flange 16 relative to the photosensitive drum 7, satisfy D1 > F ≥ C and G > D2. The D1 > F is effective to reduce the torque required by the sliding load at the bearing. The F ≥ C is effective to simplify the mold structure when the flange portion is molded since the undercut portion is not required which otherwise is required in the mold division of the mold in the direction of the arrow H in the Figure. Furthermore, because of the G > D2 satisfied, the mold configuration of the gear portion is on the left side mold in Figure 6, and therefore, the right side mold structure which is complicated due to the provision of the coupling configuration is simplified, and therefore, the durability of the mold is improved. The dimensional relations apply in the case that the relation between the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 are reversed, that is, in the case that the photosensitive drum is provided with the recess 18a while the main assembly side of the apparatus is provided with the projection 17a (the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the polygonal of the recess 18a is C).The same advantages are provided in such a case, too. Examples of the numerical ranges of them are as follows: D1 = approx. 10 mm - 60 mm G = approx. 10 mm - 70 mm F = approx. 5 mm - 70 mm C = approx. 3 mm - 70 mm D2 = approx. 9 mm - 59 mm. The sizes may be selected within these ranges so as to satisfy the above-described relations. In this example, sizes are as follows: D1 = approx. 30 mm G = approx. 31 mm F = approx. 16 mm C = approx. 14 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to these sizes. On the other hand, the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus is provided with main assembly coupling means. The main assembly coupling means includes a female coupling shaft 18 (circular column configuration) at a position in alignment with the photosensitive drum rotation axis when the process cartridge B is inserted. The female coupling shaft 18 is a driving shaft integral with the large diameter gear 34 for transmitting the driving force from the motor 30 to the photosensitive drum 7, as shown in Figure 12. The female shaft 18 is projected from a lateral edge of the gear 34 at a rotation center of the gear 34 (Figure 13, 14). In this example, the large diameter gear 34 and the female coupling shaft 18 are integrally molded. The gear 34 in the main assembly side is a helical gear. The tooth thereof has such an inclination angle that a thrust is produced in the direction of moving the female shaft 18 toward the male shaft 17 when the driving force is transmitted thereto from the helical gear 20 fixed to the shaft 30a of the motor 30. Therefore, when the motor 30 is driven upon image formation, the thrust is effective to move the female shaft 18 to the male shaft 17 to establish firm coupling between the recess 18a and the projection 17a. The recess 18a is provided at the rotation center of the female shaft 18 at and end of the female shaft 18. In embodiment, the driving force is transmitted directly from the gear 20 fixed to the motor shaft 30a to the gear 34, a gear train may be used for deceleration and driving transmission, or the use may be made with belt and pulley, a pair of friction rollers or a combination of timing belt and pulley. Referring to Figure 15 to Figure 17, the description will be made as to the structure for engaging the recess 18a and projection 17a in interrelation with the closing operation of the openable cover 14. Figure 15 is a view as seen in a direction of the axis of the photosensitive drum 7, wherein an outer cam 35 and an inner cam 36 (Figure 17 reference) are disposed between the gear 34 and the photosensitive drum 7 (unshown), and the cover 14 of the image forming apparatus and the outer cam 35 are connected by a rod 37, thus constituting a moving means. Designated by 40 is a side plate provided in the main assembly 13. Referring to Figures 16 and 17, designated by 34a is a shaft supporting portion for supporting the gear 34 on the side plate 39. Figure 16 is a view as seen from the right side. When the cover 14 is closed, the rod 37 and the outer cam 35 and so on take the position shown in this Figure, and they are coupled by the coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a to permit driving force transmission from the gear 34 to the photosensitive drum 7. When the cover 14 is opened, the cam 35 is pulled through the rod 37, as shown in Figure 17, and therefore, the cam 35 is rotated to be contacted to the inner cam 36, thus moving the gear 34 away from the photosensitive drum 7. At this time, the gear 34 and the female coupling shaft 18 are pushed by the outer cam 35 to push the spring 38 mounted between itself and the fixing plate 39 and moves in the same direction, so that the recess 18a becomes away from the projection 17a to release the coupling, by which the cartridge B demounting is enabled. When the cover 14 is closed, the cam 35 rotates in the opposite direction and is pushed by the spring 38 so that the gear 34 is reset to the position shown in Figure 16 to enable the driving transmission. With this structure, the mounting-and-demounting of the cartridge B and the drive transmission are disabled and enabled in response to the opening and closing of the cover 14. In this example, the cover 14 is opened and closed when the process cartridge B is mounted to or demounted from the main assembly of the apparatus. In interrelation with the opening and closing of the cover 14, the recess 18a moves in a horizontal direction (arrow j direction). When the process cartridge B is mounted or demounted relative to the main assembly, the coupling (between 17a and 18a) between process cartridge B and the main assembly 13 of the apparatus is assuredly disengaged. Therefore, the mounting-and-dembunting of the process cartridge B relative to the main assembly 13 can be smoothly carried out. In this example, the recess 18a is urged toward the process cartridge B by the spring 38. Therefore, even if the projection 17a and the recess 18a are not aligned, and therefore abutment occurs therebetween, and are not engaged, they are engaged instantaneously upon the rotation of the recess 18a. The description will be made as to the configurations of the projection 17a and the recess 18a which are engaging portion of the coupling means. The female coupling shaft 18 provided in the main assembly 13 is movable toward the rotational shaft, as described hereinbefore, but is not movable in the radial direction. The process cartridge B is mounted in the main assembly 13 of the apparatus such that it is movable in the longitudinal direction and radial direction of the photosensitive drum 7. More particularly, when the process cartridge B is mounted in the main assembly 13 of the device, a portion of the drum shaft 25a (bearing 12c2) (Figure 4 and 9) formed on the flange 25 mounted adjacent the other longitudinal end of the photosensitive drum 7 is received by the (U groove) 15b (Figure 5) of the main assembly 13 and is engaged therewith without gap, so that it is correctly positioned, and the spur gear 25b integrally molded with the flange 25 is meshed with a gear (not shown) for transmitting the driving force to the transfer roller 4. On the other hand, at the longitudinal end of the photosensitive drum 7 (driving side), the projection 24a of the cleaning frame 12c is supported by the recess 15d of the main assembly 13. By closing the cover 14, the recess 18a is moved in a horizontal direction and is received by the projection 17a (Figure 18 (a)). The positioning and driving transmission at the driving side (coupling side) are as follows. When the main assembly driving motor 30 is rotated, the female coupling shaft 18 is moved toward the male coupling shaft 17 (arrow d in Figure 13), and they are engaged when the phases of the projection 17a and the recess 18a are matched (in this example, since the projection 17a and recess 18a have substantially equilateral triangular configurations, the phases thereof matches at every 120°). Then the rotation force is transmitted from the main assembly 13 of the apparatus to the process cartridge B (from the state of Figure 17 to the state of Figure 16). Since the sizes of the equilateral triangles are different, more particularly, the size of the triangle of the recess 18a is larger than that of the projection 17a (as shown in Figure 18 (a)), the projection 17a is smoothly engaged into the recess 18a with the gap therebetween. The accuracy of the positioning between the male coupling shaft 17 and female coupling shaft 18 may be rough at the time of engaging action. In this example, the projection length of the circular projection 24a is larger than that of the projection 17a (Figure 9). Therefore, when the projection 17a and the recess 18a are engaged, the inside surface of the circular projection 24a is engaged with the outer peripheral surface of the female coupling shaft 18 to guide the engagement therebetween. When the female coupling shaft 18 is rotated with the projection 17a engaged with the recess 18a for image formation, the inside surfaces 18a1 of the recess 18a are engaged to the apex lines 17a3 of the equilateral triangular prism of the projection 17a (as shown in Figure 18 to permit the transmission of the driving force. At this time, the male shaft 17 instantaneously moves so that the inside surfaces 18a1 of the recess 18a are contacted to the edge lines 17a3 of the projection 17a at regular positions (equidistantly) (from the state of Figure state of Figure 18 (b)). Since the projection 17a and the recess 18a are both substantially equilateral triangles, the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 are brought into the coaxial state with each other with uniform contact forces. Immediately after the projection 17a is brought into engagement with the recess 18a, the rotation center of the projection 17a is not aligned with the rotation center X2 of the recess 18a (Figure 8 (a)). However, when the recess 18a starts to rotate, and it is contacted to the edge line 17a3 of the projection 17a at 3 points (lines), the rotation centers X1 and X2 are substantially aligned. Thus, the coupling shaft 17 and 18 are automatically axis aligned by the rotation of the motor 30 (self-alignment). Furthermore, by the driving force transmission to the photosensitive drum 7, the process cartridge B is rotated, by which the abutment portion 12c1 provided on the top surface of the cleaning frame 12c of the process cartridge B (Figures 3 and 4) is abutted to the abutment portion 13a (Figure 1) fixed to the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus, so that the process cartridge B is precisely positioned to the main assembly A of the image forming apparatus. When the process cartridge is not driven (non-image formation), the gap is provided between the projection 17a and recess 18a in the rotation radius direction (radial direction), the engagement between the couplings and the mounting and demounting of the process cartridge relative to the main assembly are made easier. Additionally, the contact force at the coupling engagement portion is stabilized, so that the wobble and vibration at this position can be suppressed. In this example, the coupling projection and recess have the substantially equilateral triangular configurations, but the similar advantage can be provided if the configuration is equilateral polygonal. The use of equilateral polygonal configuration is preferable since the positioning is correct, but any polygonal configurations are usable if the engagement is possible and pulling engagement is possible. When the comparison is made between the coupling projection and recess, the projection is easily damaged, and the strength thereof is smaller than the recess. In this example, the coupling projection is provided in the process cartridge B which is exchangeable, and the coupling recess is provided in the main assembly 13 which is required to have a higher strength. The process cartridge B of embodiment is summarized as follows. The process cartridge B of this example is detachably mountable relative to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus A comprising a motor 30, a main assembly gear 34 for receiving the driving force from the motor, and a twisted polygonal hole 18a integrally rotatable with the main assembly gear, the hole being formed at the center of the main assembly gear, the electrophotographic image forming apparatus A being capable of forming an image on the recording medium 2. The process cartridge comprises the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, the process means actable on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (charging roller 8, developing roller 10, cleaning blade 11a), and a twisted polygonal prism projection (projection 17a) engageable with the twisted polygonal hole of the main assembly, said projection is provided at the end of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum; The process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 13 of the main assembly, and the polygonal prism projection 17a is engaged with the recess of the main assembly, and when the gear 34 is rotated, the rotational driving force is transmitted to the photosensitive drum. The projection 17a is projected from the end of the shaft portion 17 projected outwardly in the longitudinal direction of the drum from the rotation center position of the drum 7. The shaft portion functions to rotatably support the drum 7 on the cartridge frame 12c. A hole 17a2 is formed in the end surface of the projection 17a so as to be engageable with the projection 18a4 of the recess 18a with a play. The shaft portion 17 is provided at the central portion of the helical gear 16a, and at the opposite end from the helical gear 16a side, an engaging portion 16b for engagement with the inside surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 is provided. The projection 17a, the shaft portion 17, the helical gear 16a, and the engaging portion 16b are integrally molded of a resin material material. The helical gear functions to transmit the rotation force to the developing roller 10a as the process means. Furthermore, there is provided a circular outer wall 24a enclosing the polygonal prism projection 17a, or an arcuate configuration outer wall along a part of the polygonal prism projection. The outer wall 24a functions as a guide when the engagement between the hole 18a and the projection 17a by relative movement therebetween. The outer diameter D1 of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, the outer diameter F of the shaft portion 17, and the diameter C of the circumscribed circle of the polygonal prism projection 17a, satisfy D1 > F ≧ C. The outer diameter F of the shaft portion 17, the diameter C of the circumscribed circle of the polygonal prism projection 17a, the dedendum diameter G of the gear 16a of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, and the inner diameter D2 of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, satisfy G > D2 and G > F ≧ C. The outer diameter D1 of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, and the dedendum circle diameter L of the main assembly gear 34, L is preferably not less than approx. 1.0 times D1 and not more than 5.0 times D1. The relation is properly selected by one skilled in the art in consideration of the space of the main assembly of the device and the desired image quality. The dimensions are not limiting. In this example, it is approx. 3 times. The module of the main assembly gear 34 is approx. 0.4 - 0.7. The dedendum diameter L of the main assembly gear 34 of the device is approx. 30 mm - 150 mm, and the number of teeth of the main assembly gear 34 is approx. 40 teeth to 400 teeth. They are properly selected by one skilled in the art in consideration of the space in the main assembly and desired image quality. The figures are not limiting. In this example, the module of the gear 34 is approx. 0.5, and L is approx. 100 mm, and the number of the teeth of the gear 34 is 200 teeth. The positioning of the process cartridge B relative to the main assembly 13 during the image formation (driving transmission) is summarized as follows. First, the process cartridge B is positioned by the bearing 12 being snugly fitted in the U groove 15d during the non-image formation. The projection 24a is simply supported by the receptor portion 15d, and simultaneously, the projection 18a4 is inserted into the hole 17a2 after the female shaft 18 is moved toward the photosensitive drum 7, so that position of the process cartridge B in the main assembly A is roughly determined. During the image formation, the process cartridge B is positioned by the projection 17a being attracted by the recess 18a of the main assembly 13 and being engaged with the projection 17a. Namely, during the image formation, the process cartridge B is positioned by the U groove 15b at one longitudinal end, and by the recess 18a at the other end. In this example, the photosensitive drum 7 is movable in the longitudinal direction (approx. 0.1 mm-1.0 mm). When the projection 17a is attracted to the recess 18a, the end portion 16c of the drum flange 16 (Figures 7 and 8 and Figure 9) is brought into contact to the end portion 24b of the bearing 24. The process cartridge B, which is mounted movably relative to the main assembly side plate or mounting guides 15a and 15c with play of approx. 0.1 - 3 mm) in consideration of assembly tolerance, is pulled toward the photosensitive drum 7 in the longitudinal direction and in the radial direction, thus moving in an inclined upward direction. In the case the end portion 16c is in contact with the end portion 24b at the beginning, or when the photosensitive drum 7 does not have a play in the longitudinal direction, the process cartridge B is pulled to the photosensitive drum 7 immediately in its longitudinal direction and in the radial direction, thus moving in an upward inclined direction. During the image formation operation, the process cartridge B receives the rotation force in the same direction as the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7. By this rotation force, the contact portion 12c1 is contacted to the fixed portion 13a. Accordingly, the process cartridge B is correctly positioned relative to the main assembly 13 of the apparatus in both the longitudinal direction and the radial direction during the image formation operation. When the process cartridge B is pushed by an elastic member as in Figure 21 example, the process cartridge B may not move in the longitudinal direction of the drum 7, depending on the strength of the elastic force provided by the elastic member. Even in that case, when the drive transmission starts, the process cartridge B moves in the radial direction (substantially upward) so that it is correctly positioned relative to the main assembly. In this case, even if the drum 7 does not involve the play in the longitudinal direction, the process cartridge B is correctly positioned relative to the main assembly. Referring back to Figure 18, it will be understood that the coupling mechanism is summarized as follows. The driving rotatable member 18a for receiving driving force from the motor is provided with a twisted recess or projection having a non-circular cross-section and substantially coaxial with a rotation axis X2 of the drive rotatable member 18a. The member to be driven or the image bearing member is provided with a twisted projection or recess 17a provided at a longitudinal end of the image bearing member, having a non-circular cross-section and substantially coaxial with a rotation axis of the image bearing member, wherein the projection or recess of the image bearing member 17a has such a dimension and configuration that it can take a first relative rotational position (Figure 18, (a), for example) with respect to the recess or projection of the driving rotatable member 18a in which relative rotational movement therebetween is permitted, and a second relative rotational position (Figure 18, (b), for example) with respect to the recess or projection of the driving rotatable member 18a in which relative rotational movement is prevented in one rotational direction (indicated by arrows in Figure 18, (b)), while the rotation axis X2 of the driving rotatable member 18a and the rotation axis X1 of the image bearing member are substantially aligned with each other. It is preferable that the recess or projection of said driving rotatable member and the projection or recess of the image bearing member are contacted substantially at three twisted points (lines). It is further preferable that the three points constitute a substantially equilateral triangle. Embodiment 2 Referring to Figure 19, the description will be made as to embodiment 2 of the projection 17a of the male coupling shaft 17. The fundamental structures of the process cartridge and the image forming apparatus are the same as in embodiment 1, and therefore, the same reference numerals as in embodiment 1 are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted for simplicity. The coupling projection 17a of Figure 19 is different from that in embodiment 1 in that the apexes 17a2 of the substantially equilateral polygonal prism shape of the projection (it is substantially equilateral triangle shape in Figure 19) are beveled. The beveling includes rounding as shown in Figure 19, (a) and straight cutting as shown in Figure 19, (b). With this structure, the collapse of the apexes of the projection 17a during handling of the process cartridge B can be avoided. During the driving, the deformation and deflection of the apexes due to insufficient strength can be avoided. Thus, the decrease of the alignment accuracy between the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 can be prevented, and the wobble and vibration at the coupling portion can be avoided. In Figure 19, (a), as will be understood when this configuration is introduced in the projection 17a of Figure 18, (b), the portions contacted to the inner surface of the recess is not the outermost points of the configuration of Figure 19, (a), but is portions slightly deviated therefrom (at each apex portion). From the standpoint of axis alignment, it is preferable that such deviated three contact points constitute a substantially equilateral triangle. Similarly, in Figure 19, (b), it is preferable that the three points constitute a substantially equilateral triangle. For the same reason, in a polygonal projection (polygonal recess) examples, it is preferable that the projection and recess are contacted at three points which constitute a substantially equilateral triangle, from the standpoint of the axis alignment. In the case of Figure 19, (a), each contact point (actually a twisted line) in the cross-section may have a certain width. In such a case, the centers or one side ends of the widths are deemed as the points to constitute the triangle. Embodiment 3 Referring to Figure 20, the description will be made as to embodiment 3 of the projection of the male coupling shaft 17. The fundamental structures of the process cartridge and the image forming apparatus are substantially the same as in embodiment 1. The same reference numerals as in embodiment 1 are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted for simplicity. In embodiment 1, the flange 16 of the photosensitive drum 7 and the male coupling shaft 17 are integral, but they may be separate members, which are incorporated in the process cartridge B, respectively. When the male coupling shaft 17 and the flange 16 are separate members, as in this example, the male coupling shaft 17 can be mounted into the engaging portion 16b of the flange 16 by press-fitting or the like after the photosensitive drum 7 with the flange 16 is incorporated in the frame 12c, so that the photosensitive drum 7 may not be assembled into the frame 12c in an inclined direction. Embodiment 4 Referring to Figure 21, the description will be made as to embodiment 4 having a different positioning structure of the process cartridge to the main assembly of the image forming apparatus, using the coupling structure of the present invention. The fundamental structures of the process cartridge and the image forming apparatus are substantially the same as in embodiment 1. The same reference numerals as in embodiment 1 are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted for simplicity. As shown in Figure 21, the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus is provided with an elastic member 13b for urging the process cartridge B in the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7. The elastic member 13b is contacted to the contact portion 12c3 of the cleaning frame 12c of the process cartridge B while the process cartridge B is in the main assembly in place, and it applies the rotation force in the same direction as the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7 to the process cartridge B. The process cartridge B receiving the rotation force tends to rotate in the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7 (clockwise direction in Figure 21), but is stopped by the abutment between the abutment portion 12c1 of the frame 12c and the abutment portion 13a of the main assembly. This is effective to prevent the vibration, in the rotation direction, of the process cartridge B urged in the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7 by the coupling driving force, due to the internal load variation or the like. The contact portion 12c3 is provided at each of two positions, namely, adjacent one end side and other end side in the longitudinal direction of the photosensitive drum 7 on the top surface of the cleaning frame 12c (Figure 3 and 4). Embodiment 5 Referring to Figure 22, another embodiment of the coupling structure will be described. The fundamental structures of the process cartridge and the image forming apparatus are substantially the same as in embodiment 1. The same reference numerals as in embodiment 1 are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted for simplicity. In this example, as shown in Figure 22, the projection 17a of the male coupling shaft 17 and the recess 18a of the female shaft 18 has a substantially rectangular configuration section which is twisted in the rotation direction of the shaft. Similarly to embodiment 1, the durable coupling recess 18a is provided in the main assembly 13 of the image forming apparatus. With this structure, when the driving is transmitted while the coupling is in engagement, the force is produced so that the female coupling shaft 18 pulls the male shaft 17 in the axial direction due to the twisting direction thereof, by which the projection end surface 17a1 of the male coupling shaft 17 is abutted to the recess bottom surface 18a1 (or, the male shaft end surface 17b is abutted to the end surface 18b of the female shaft). Since the position of the process cartridge B is constant in the direction of the coupling shaft in the main assembly A of the image forming apparatus during the driving operation, the vibration of the process cartridge can be suppressed. In this embodiment, the hole 17a2 has a rectangular cross-section, and the projection 18a4 has a rectangular parallelopiped configuration having a size a little smaller than the hole 17a2. In this embodiment, a part of the recess 18a may be expanded outwardly. In this example, the cross-sectional configurations of the projection 17a of the coupling shaft and the recess 18a are substantially rectangular configuration, but another polygonal prism shape is usable if the engagement is established when the coupling recess is rotated. When the process cartridge B is demounted from the main assembly, the motor 30 may be rotated in the opposite direction, the coupling engagement is automatically released due to the thrust between the gear 33 and the helical gear 34. In this case, there is no need of using the coupling release mechanism as in embodiment 1. Embodiment 6 Referring to Figure 23, the description will be made as to a further embodiment. The embodiment of Figure 23 is different from embodiment 1 in that the gear is not provided on the drum flange 16. The coupling structure shown in Figure 23, (a) and (b), is such that the main assembly side coupling means is of a female coupling shaft 17 of polyacetal (POM), and the coupling means of the cartridge side engageable therewith is of a male coupling shaft 18 of POM. A cylindrical wall portion 24 concentric with the photosensitive drum 7 is formed integrally with the flange 16 is provided around the male coupling . shaft 18. Figure 23, (b) is views as seen in the directions D and E of Figure 23, (a). By the provision of a wall portion 24 having substantially the same height as the projection 18a around the male shaft 18, the projection 18a is not projected out beyond the cartridge frame, so that the damage of the end portion f the projection 18a can be prevented. The cylindrical wall portion 24 may also function as a guide for facilitating the mounting of the process cartridge B to the image forming apparatus A (Figure 6, guide 15c), as described in the foregoing. Embodiment 7 Referring to Figure 24 and 25, another embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, as contrasted to the above-described embodiment, the drum flange 116 of the photosensitive drum 7 is provided with a female shaft 117, and the large diameter gear 121 of the main assembly 13 of the apparatus is provided with a male shaft 118. The rotation accuracy can be improved, with this structure, too. As shown in Figure 24, the substantially positive triangular prism of the projection 118a of the male coupling shaft 118 is twisted in the rotation direction, and the recess 117a of the female coupling shaft 117 is twisted correspondingly in the rotation direction. A seat 117b is provided at the end surface of the female coupling shaft 117. By the twisting of the engaging portion in the rotation direction, the male coupling shaft 118 pulls the female shaft 117 until it is abutted to the seat 117b when the male coupling shaft 118 is rotated in the direction c for image formation while they are engaged. As a result, the combination therebetween is further assured. When the process cartridge B is demounted from the main assembly 13, motor 119 may be rotated in the opposite direction indicated by arrow d, by which the engagement of the coupling is automatically released by the thrust produced by the meshing between the pinion gear 120 having the helical teeth and the transmission gear 121, as shown in Figure 25. In this example, if the tolerable transmission torque of the female shaft 117 is smaller than the tolerable transmission torque of the male shaft 118, the damage of the male shaft 118 can be prevented. For example, the female coupling shaft provided in the cartridge is made of polyacetal (POM), and the male coupling shaft constituted in the main. assembly is made of zinc die-cast. By doing so, even if an abnormal torque is produced, the damage of the male shaft is prevented since the tolerable transmission torque of the male coupling shaft of the main assembly side is large. This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that the female shaft is provided in the drum flange, and the male shaft is provided in the main assembly. Therefore, the embodiments of the. electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the process cartridge, the drive transmission part and the electrophotographic photosensitive drum are the same as those of embodiment 1, except that the male shaft of the drum flange is replaced with the female shaft, and the female shaft of the gear of the main assembly is replaced with the male shaft, and therefore, the description of such embodiments are omitted for simplicity. However, the process cartridge will be described briefly. It is a process cartridge B which is detachably mountable to a main assembly 13 of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus A. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus A comprises a motor 30 (119), the main assembly helical gear 34 (121) for receiving the driving force from the motor 30 (119), and a twisted triangular prism projection 118a integrally rotatable with the main assembly helical gear provided at the main assembly helical gear of the main assembly helical gear 34 (121). The electrophotographic image forming apparatus A operates to form an image on the recording medium. The process cartridge B comprises cartridge frames 12a, 12b and 12c, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), the charging roller 8 for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), the cleaning blade 11a for removing the residual toner from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), the developing roller 10d for developing the latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), a twisted triangular hole 117a engageable with the projection 118a provided at a longitudinal end of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), wherein the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly, and when the main assembly helical gear 34 (121) is rotated with the hole 117a engaged with the projection 118a, the rotational force is transmitted from the main assembly helical gear 34 (121) to the drum 7 (121) while the hole 117a is kept pulled toward the projection 118a. The hole 117a is formed as a recess at a leading edge of the shaft portion 17 (117) provided at the central portion of the drum helical gear 16a (116a). The drum helical gear 16a (116a) functions to transmission the rotation force to the developing roller 10d. The shaft portion 17 (117) functions to rotatably support the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107) on the cartridge frame 112c. The drum helical gear 16 (116a) of the hole 117 and the shaft portion 17 (117) are integrally formed from resin material. Outer diameter D1 of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), the outer diameter F of the shaft portion, and the diameter C of the circumscribed circle of the hole configuration 117a, satisfy D1 > F > C. The outer diameter F of the shaft portion 17 (117), the diameter C of the circumscribed circle of the hole configuration, the dedendum diameter G of the gear 16a of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, and the inner diameter D2 of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7, satisfy G > D2 and G > F > C. The outer diameter D1 of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 (107), and the dedendum circle diameter L of the main assembly gear 34 (121), L is preferably not less than approx. 1.0 times D1 and not more than 5.0 times D1. The module of the main assembly gear 34 (121) is approx. 0.4 - 0.7. The dedendum diameter L of the main assembly gear of the device is approx. 30 mm - 150 mm, and the number of teeth of the main assembly gear 34 is approx. 40 teeth - 400 teeth. In this example, the direction of twisting of the projection 118a as seen from the photosensitive drum 7 (107) is the same as the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 7 (107) in the direction from the base portion of the projection 118a toward the end, and that of the hole 117a is the same in the direction from the inlet of the hole 117a toward the inside thereof. The twisting direction of the drum flange 16a (116a) is opposite from the twisting direction of the hole 117a. Embodiment 8 In embodiment 1, when the cover 14 is opened, the rod 37 and the cam 35 are operated in interrelation therewith to release the engagement between the coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a. The coupling release structure may be as disclosed in Figure 26 and 27. The openable cover 14 is provided with an arcuate releasing member 140 at the center of the shaft 14a, as shown in Figure 26, (a), and the leading edge of the releasing member 140 is formed into a cam portion 140a having a gradually increasing thickness, as shown in Figure 6, (b). As shown in Figure 27, (a) and (b), when the cover 14 is opened to demount the process cartridge B, the cam portion 140a enters the space between the wall portion 141 and the gear 34 integral with the female shaft 18 to push the side surface of the gear 34 out in the direction indicated by arrow b in Figure 27. By this, the female shaft 18 is retracted from the wall portion 141 so that the engagement with the male coupling shaft 17 of the photosensitive drum 7 is released to permit smooth demounting of the process cartridge B. The member for mounting the releasing member 140 is not limited to the openable cover 14 if it is a member operated when the process cartridge B is mounted or demounted. When the drive transmission gear 34 is a helical gear, the releasing member 140 is not inevitable, and the coupling release is possible by the thrust produced by the helical gear. Further Embodiment In the first embodiment, the coupling of the photosensitive drum is constituted as a male shaft 17, and the coupling of the main assembly is constituted as a female shaft 18, but the female shaft and the male shaft may be exchanged. In such a case, the same advantageous effects in the rotation accuracy of the photosensitive drum can be provided (Figures 23 and 24). In this example, if the tolerable transmission torque of the female shaft of the photosensitive drum is smaller than the tolerable transmission torque of the male shaft of the main assembly, the damage of the male shaft of the main assembly can be prevented. For example, the female coupling shaft provided in the cartridge is made of polyacetal (POM), and the male coupling shaft constituted in the main assembly is made of zinc die-cast. By doing so, even if an abnormal torque is produced, the damage of the male shaft is prevented since the tolerable transmission torque of the male coupling shaft of the main assembly side is large. In the above-described embodiment, if a taper is formed at the end portion of the projection 17a or at the inlet portion of the recess 18a or at the both, combination between the projection 17a and the recess 18a is smoother. In Figures 3, 6, 13, 14, 20, 23, and Figures 24 - 27, the hole 17a2, projection 18a4 and the arcuate configuration 18a 3 are omitted for simplicity of explanation. Referring to Figures 34 and 35, a further embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the hole 17a2 is covered with a cap which is openable. According to this embodiment, the introduction of foreign matter into the hole 17a2 can be prevented. The same reference numerals as in the foregoing embodiment are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted for simplicity. In this embodiment, a cap 19 is provided to cap the hole 17a2 in the end surface of the projection 17a. The cap 19 is provided with a cap portion 19a, a portion 19b for engagement with the inside 16c of the drum gear 16a and a portion 19c for engagement with a spring 20. The drum gear 16 is provided with a spring receptor member 21 bonded thereto by a bonding material or the like. When the process cartridge B is not mounted to the main assembly 13 of the apparatus, the cap 19 is urging by the spring 20 as shown in Figure 34, so that engaging portion 19b is abutted to the abutment portion 16d of the drum gear to cap the hole 17a2. When the process cartridge B is mounted to the main assembly 13, the cap portion 19a is urged in the axial direction by the projection 18a4 of the main assembly gear shaft portion 18 so that spring 20 contracts and that projection 18a4 enters the hole 17a2. The same advantageous effects as with the forgoing embodiment are provided in the embodiment. In the foregoing, the process cartridge has been described as a cartridge for monochromatic image formation, but it is applicable to a cartridge for forming a multi-color image (two color, three color or full-color image, for example) if a plurality of developing means are used. As for the developing method, any known methods such as a two-component magnetic brush developing method, a cascade developing method, a touch-down developing method, cloud developing method or the like. As for the electrophotographic photosensitive member, usable ones include amorphous silicon, amorphous selenium, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, organic photoconductor (OPC) and the like. As for methods for mountings photosensitive material, a photoconductor is evaporated or painted or applied on a cylinder of aluminum alloy or the like. As for the charging means, a so-called contact type charging method is used in the foregoing examples. However, another method such as corona charging is usable, in which a tungsten wire is enclosed by metal shield of aluminum or the like at three side of the wire, and positive or negative ions are produced by applying a high voltage to the tungsten wire, and the surface of the photosensitive drum is uniformly charged by moving positive or negative ions to the surface. As for the charging means, blade type (charging blade), pad type, block type, rod type, wire type or the like is usable in addition to the roller type. As for the cleaning means for removing residual toner from the photosensitive drum, fur brush, magnetic brush or the like is usable, as well as the cleaning blade. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive member and at least one of process means. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and charging means and is made detachably mountable to a main assembly of the apparatus. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and developing means and is made detachably mountable to a main assembly of the apparatus. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and cleaning means and is made detachably mountable to a main assembly of the apparatus. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and at least two process means. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and charging means, developing means or cleaning means, and is made detachably mountable to a main assembly of the apparatus. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and at least one of charging means, developing means and cleaning means, and is made detachably mountable to a main assembly of the apparatus. The process cartridge may contain a photosensitive drum and at least developing means, and is made detachably mountable to a main assembly of the apparatus. Since the process cartridge is detachably mountable to the main assembly of the image forming apparatus by the user, and this means that the maintenance of the apparatus using the process cartridge can be performed by the user by exchanging the process cartridge. The present invention is applicable to a non-cartridge type image forming apparatus wherein the photosensitive drum, the developing means or the like is directly mounted to the main assembly of the apparatus. In the foregoing, the description has been made as to a laser beam printer as an exemplary image forming apparatus, but he present invention is applicable to an electrophotographic copying machine, facsimile machine, word processor or anther image forming machine. As described in the foregoing, by the provision of the hole in the end surface of the male coupling projection, variation of the resin material temperature and/or the pressure in the mold is suppressed during manufacturing, and the contraction of the resin material is reduced, thus stabilizing the accuracy of the configuration of the projection. The member in which the recess is formed, is an integrally molded plastic material. Since the portions of the recess other than the portions contactable to the projection are arcuate along the contact portion of the female shaft, variation of the resin material temperature and/or the pressure in the mold is suppressed during manufacturing, and the contraction of the resin material is reduced, thus stabilizing the accuracy of the configuration of the recess. Therefore, non-uniformity in the rotation or rattling of the contact points due to load variation in the drive transmission or the like can be minimized, so that rotational accuracy of the photosensitive drum 7 can be further improved. Namely, S ≥ T ≥ U is satisfied, where S is a radial play between the male coupling projection and the recess; T is a play between the projection and the main assembly guide recess; U is a radial play between the hole in the end surface of the projection and the projection in the recess when the male shaft and the female shaft are engaged with each other. Therefore, even when the apparatus is transported or carried while process cartridge B is mounted in the main assembly thereof, the contact portions between the male coupling projection and the recess are not damaged. Also, V ≥ S is satisfied where V is a radial play between the entrance of the hole and the free end of the projection. Therefore, when the male coupling projection and the recess are coupled, no interference occurs between the hole in the end surface of the projection and the projection in the recess. As described in the foregoing, the entrance of the hole 17a2 and the free end of the projection 18a4 are so related that radial play is not less than the play between the projection 24a and the main assembly guide portion projection 15d, and therefore, the engagement between the projection 17a and the recess 18a is not influenced. The hole 17a2 and the projection 18a4 are so related that radial play when the male shaft 17 and the female shaft 18 are coupled with each other, is not more than the radial play between the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a. Therefore, even when the apparatus is transported or carried while process cartridge B is mounted in the main assembly thereof (non-drive-transmission state), the contact portions between the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a are not damaged (Figure 32). More particularly, even if the vibration is imparted, the main assembly guide portion stops the projection 24a, and/or the projection 18a4 stops the hole 17a2, so that damage of the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a. In the process cartridge mounting direction in the direction indicated by the arrow, the projection 18a4 receives the member defining the hole 17a2, so that damage of the male coupling projection 17a and the recess 18a can be avoided. As will be understood from the foregoing, the rotational accuracy of the drive transmission using the coupling can be enhanced, and the positioning in the axial and radial directions of the photosensitive drum shaft can be effected with high accuracy relative to the main assembly of the apparatus. As described in the foregoing, according to the present invention, the rotation accuracy of the driving transmission is improved, so the rotation accuracy of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum has been improved. Additionally, the driving force can be assuredly transmitted from the main assembly to the electrophotographic photosensitive drum. Furthermore, when the driving force is transmitted (during image forming operation), the rotation center of the coupling of the main assembly of the apparatus and the coupling of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum can be substantially aligned. Further additionally, when the driving force is transmitted (during the image forming operation), the electrophotographic photosensitive drum is attracted toward the main assembly side, so that the positional accuracy of the photosensitive member and therefore the process cartridge relative to the main assembly is improved. Further additionally, when the driving transmission is not carried out (when the image is not formed), the drive transmission coupled state is released, so that the operativity in demounting of the process cartridge is improved. Further additionally, the diameter of the diameter of the coupling portion is small. Additionally, according to the present invention, since the projection is provided in the recess in the projection, foreign matter is prevented from entering the recess. Also, since the projection has a hole, the accuracy of the configuration of the projection can be improved when the projection is molded. Furthermore, by outwardly expanding the portion of the recess not contactable to the projection during drive transmission, the accuracy of the configuration of the recess can be improved even if the recess is molded. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the projection is provided in the recess, and a hole is provided in the free end of the projection, the damage to the recess and the projection can be avoided, even if the apparatus is transported or carried while the apparatus is loaded with the process cartridge. While the invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the scope of the following claims.

Claims: A process cartridge (B) detachably mountable to a main assembly (13) of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus (A), wherein said main assembly (13) includes a motor (30), a rotatable driving member (34) for receiving a driving force from said motor (30) and a main assembly twisted recess (18a) defined by twisted surfaces, said main assembly twisted recess (18a) being substantially coaxial with said rotatable driving member (34), and a main assembly projection (18a4) provided in the main assembly twisted recess (18a) substantially coaxial with said rotatable driving member (34), said process cartridge comprising: an electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7); process means (8, 10, 11) actable on said photosensitive drum; a twisted cartridge projection (17a) engageable with said twisted surfaces, said cartridge projection being provided at a longitudinal end of said photosensitive drum (7); and a cartridge recess (17a2) provided at a free end of said twisted cartridge projection (17a) and substantially coaxial with said twisted cartridge projection, wherein when said process cartridge (B) is mounted to the main assembly, said main assembly projection (18a4) may enter said cartridge recess (17a); and wherein, when said rotatable driving member (34) rotates with said main assembly twisted recess (18a) and said twisted cartridge projection (17a) engaged with each other, a rotational driving force is transmitted from said rotatable driving member (34) to said photosensitive drum (7) through engagement between said main assembly twisted recess (18a) and said twisted cartridge projection (17a). A process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge recess (17a2) has an inner surface which is inclined inwardly from the open end of the recess. A process cartridge according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said cartridge recess (17a2) is a through hole. A process cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a) has a substantially triangular prism shape. A process cartridge according to claim 4, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a) has a substantially equilateral triangular chamfered prism shape. A process cartridge according to any preceding claim, further comprising a drum flange (16) at one longitudinal end of said photosensitive drum, wherein said drum flange (16) has a shaft (17) for rotatably supporting said photosensitive drum (7) on a cartridge frame (12c), wherein said flange (17) is integrally moulded with said twisted cartridge projection (17a). A process cartridge according to claim 1, further comprising a cartridge frame (12c) having a circular outer wall (24a) partly or entirely surrounding said twisted cartridge projection (17a), the outer wall (24a) being engageable with a recess (15d) in the main assembly when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly. A process cartridge according to any preceding claim, wherein when the driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7), said twisted cartridge projection (17a) receives pulling force. A process cartridge according to any preceding claim, wherein an amount of twisting of said twisted cartridge projection (17a) is approx. 1° - 15° per lmm of axial length. A process cartridge (B) detachably mountable to a main assembly (13) of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus (A), said main assembly including a motor (30), a rotatable driving member (34) for receiving a driving force from said motor (30), and a main assembly twisted projection (118a) having a non-circular cross-section and being substantially coaxial with a rotation axis of said rotatable driving member (34), and a main assembly recess provided in the main assembly twisted projection substantially coaxially therewith, said process cartridge comprising: a rotatable electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7); process means (8, 10, 11) actable on said photosensitive drum (7); and a twisted cartridge recess (117a) defined by twisted surfaces and engageable with said main assembly twisted projection (118a), said twisted cartridge recess being provided at a longitudinal end of said photosensitive drum (7); and a cartridge projection provided within said twisted cartridge recess (117a) and substantially coaxial with said twisted cartridge recess, wherein when said process cartridge (B) is mounted to the main assembly (13), said cartridge projection enters said main assembly recess; wherein when said rotatable driving member (34) rotates with said main assembly twisted projection (118a) and said twisted cartridge recess (117a) engages with each other, a rotational driving force is transmitted from said rotatable driving member (34) to said photosensitive drum (7) through engagement between said main assembly twisted projection (118a) and said twisted cartridge recess (117a). A process cartridge according to claim 10, further comprising a drum flange (116) at one longitudinal end of said photosensitive drum (7), wherein said drum flange (116) has a shaft (117) for rotatably supporting said photosensitive drum (7) on a cartridge frame, wherein said flange (116) is integrally moulded with said twisted cartridge recess (117a). A process cartridge according to claim 11, further comprising a cartridge frame (12c) having a circular outer wall (24a) partly or entirely surrounding a circumference of said twisted cartridge recess (117a), the outer wall (24a) being engageable with a recess (15d) in the main assembly when said process cartridge (B) is mounted to the main assembly (13). A process cartridge according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein when the driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7), said twisted cartridge or recess (117a) receives pulling force. A process cartridge according to claim 11, wherein a surface defining said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a recess-enlarged portion (18a3) not contactable by said twisted main assembly projection (118a) when the driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum. A process cartridge according to claim 14, wherein the surface (18a3) of the recess-enlarged portion extends substantially along a shaft (117) in which said twisted cartridge recess (117a) is provided. A process cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 15, wherein said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. A process cartridge according to claim 16, wherein said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a substantially equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape. A process cartridge according to any preceding claim, wherein said process means (8, 10, 11) includes at least one of charging means (8) for charging said photosensitive drum (7), developing means (10) for developing a latent image formed on said photosensitive drum, and cleaning means (11) for removing residual toner from said photosensitive drum. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) for use in a process cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 10, comprising: a cylinder having a photosensitive layer thereon; a drive transmission member mounted to an end of said cylinder, said transmission member including: a gear (16a); a shaft (17) provided substantially coaxially with said gear (16a); a twisted cartridge projection (17a) provided coaxially at an end of said shaft (17) for receiving driving force; and a cartridge recess (17a2) provided at a free end of said twisted cartridge projection (17a) and substantially co-axial therewith. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to claim 19, wherein said cartridge recess (17a2) has an inner surface which is inclined inwardly from its open end. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein said cartridge recess (17a2) is a through hole. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to any of claims 19 to 21, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a) has a substantially triangular prism shape. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to claim 22, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a) has a substantially equilateral triangular chamfered prism shape. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to any of claims 19 to 23, wherein the gear (16a) is a helical gear, and the direction of twist of the helical gear is opposite to the direction of twist of the twisted cartridge projection (17a). An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to any of claims 19 to 24, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a), said shaft (17), and said gear (16a) are integrally molded from resin material. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) for use in a process cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 18, comprising: a cylinder having a photosensitive layer thereon; a drive transmission member mounted to an end of said cylinder, said transmission member including: a gear (16a); a shaft (17) provided substantially coaxially with said gear (16a); a twisted cartridge recess (117a) provided at a free end of said shaft (17) and substantially co-axial therewith for receiving driving force; and a cartridge projection provided within said twisted cartridge recess (117a) and coaxially therewith. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to claim 26, wherein said cartridge projection has an outer surface which is inclined inwardly towards its free end. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to claim 26 or claim 27, wherein said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. An electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7) according to claim 28, wherein said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a substantially equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape. A drive transmission member for transmitting driving force to an electrophotographic photosensitive drum of a process cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 10, the drive transmission member comprising: a gear (16a); a shaft (17) provided substantially coaxially with said gear (16a); a twisted cartridge projection (17a) provided coaxially at an end of said shaft (17) for receiving driving force; and a cartridge recess (17a2) provided at a free end of said twisted cartridge projection (17a) and substantially co-axial therewith. A drive transmission member according to claim 30, wherein said cartridge recess (17a2) has an inner surface which is inclined inwardly from its open end. A drive transmission member according to claim 30 or claim 31, wherein said cartridge recess (17a2) is a through hole. A drive transmission member according to any of claims 31 to 32, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a) has a substantially triangular prism shape. A drive transmission member according to claim 33, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a) has a substantially equilateral triangular chamfered prism shape. A drive transmission member according to any of claims 30 to 34, wherein the gear (16a) is a helical gear, and the direction of twist of the helical gear is opposite to the direction of twist of the twisted cartridge projection (17a). A drive transmission member according to any of claims 30 to 35, wherein said twisted cartridge projection (17a), said shaft (17), and said gear (16a) are integrally molded from resin material. A drive transmission member for transmitting driving force to an electrophotographic photosensitive drum of a process cartridge according to any of claims 11 to 18, the drive transmission member comprising: a gear (16a); a shaft (17) provided substantially coaxially with said gear (16a); a twisted cartridge recess (117a) provided at a free end of said shaft (17) and substantially co-axial therewith for receiving driving force; and a cartridge projection provided within said twisted cartridge recess (117a) and coaxially therewith. A drive transmission member according to claim 37, wherein said cartridge projection has an outer surface which is inclined inwardly towards its free end. A drive transmission member according to claim 37 or claim 38, wherein said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. A drive transmission member according to claim 39, wherein said twisted cartridge recess (117a) has a substantially equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus (A) for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge (B) is detachably mountable, the apparatus comprising: a motor (30); a rotatable driving member (34) for receiving driving force from said motor (30); a main assembly twisted recess (18a) defined by twisted surfaces, said main assembly twisted recess being substantially co-axial with said rotatable driving member (34); a main assembly projection (18a4) provided in the main assembly twisted recess (18a) and substantially co-axial with said rotatable driving member (34); feeding means (3, 4,5) for feeding the recording material (2); and a mounting member for detachably mounting said process cartridge, which process cartridge includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7); process means (8, 10, 11) actable on said photosensitive drum (7); a twisted cartridge projection (17a) engageable with said twisted surfaces of said main assembly twisted recess (18a), said twisted cartridge projection (17a) being provided at a longitudinal end of said photosensitive drum (7); a cartridge recess (17a2) provided at a free end of said twisted cartridge projection (17a) and substantially co-axial with said twisted cartridge projection, wherein when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly, said main assembly projection (18a4) may enter said cartridge recess (17a); and wherein when said rotatable driving member (34) rotates with said main assembly twisted recess (18a) and said twisted cartridge projection (17a) engaged with each other, a rotational driving force is transmitted from said rotatable driving member (34) to said photosensitive drum (7) through engagement between said main assembly twisted recess (18a) and said twisted cartridge projection (17a). An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to claim 41, wherein a surface defining said main assembly twisted recess (18a) has a recess-enlarged portion (18a3) not contactable by said twisted cartridge projection (17a) when the driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7). An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to claim 42, wherein the surface (18a3) of the recess-enlarged portion extends substantially along a shaft (18) in which said main assembly recess is provided. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to claim 42 or 43, wherein said main assembly twisted recess has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said main assembly twisted recess has a substantially equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 41 to 45, wherein said main assembly projection (18a4) is tapered inwardly towards the free end of said main assembly projection (18a4). An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 41 to 46, for use with a process cartridge comprising a circular outer wall (24a) partly or entirely surrounding said twisted cartridge projection (17a), said apparatus further comprising a recess (15d) engageable with said circular outer wall (24a) of said cartridge when said cartridge is mounted to said image-forming apparatus. A rotatable driving member (34) for an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 41 to 47, comprising: drive means (34) for receiving a driving force from a motor (30) of said image-forming apparatus; a main assembly twisted recess (18a) defined by twisted surfaces, said main assembly twisted recess being substantially co-axial with said drive means (34); and a main assembly projection (18a4) provided in the main assembly twisted recess (18a) and substantially co-axial with said rotatable driving member (34). A rotatable driving member (34) according to claim 48, wherein a surface defining said main assembly twisted recess (18a) has a recess-enlarged portion (18a3) not contactable by said twisted cartridge projection (17a) when the driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7). A rotatable driving member (34) according to claim 49, wherein the surface (18a3) of the recess-enlarged portion extends substantially along a shaft (18) in which said main assembly recess is provided. A rotatable driving member (34) according to any of claims 48 to 50, wherein said main assembly projection (18a4) is tapered inwardly towards the free end of said main assembly projection (18a4). A rotatable driving member (34) according to any of claims 48 to 51, wherein said main assembly twisted recess has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. A rotatable driving member (34) according to claim 52, wherein said main assembly twisted recess has a substantially equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus (A) for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge (B) is detachably mountable, the apparatus comprising: a motor (30); a rotatable driving member (34) for receiving driving force from said motor (30); a main assembly twisted projection (118a) substantially co-axial with said rotatable driving member (34); a main assembly recess provided at a free end of said main assembly twisted projection (118a) and substantially co-axial with said main assembly twisted projection; feeding means (3, 4,5) for feeding the recording material (2); and a mounting member for detachably mounting said process cartridge, which process cartridge includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive drum (7); process means (8, 10, 11) actable on said photosensitive drum (7); a twisted cartridge recess (117a) defined by twisted surfaces engageable with said main assembly twisted projection (118a), said twisted cartridge recess (117a) being provided at a longitudinal end of said photosensitive drum (7); a cartridge projection provided in the twisted cartridge recess (118a) and substantially co-axial with said twisted cartridge recess (118a), wherein when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly, said cartridge projection may enter said main assembly recess; and wherein when said rotatable driving member (34) rotates with said main assembly twisted projection (118a) and said twisted cartridge recess (117a) engaged with each other, a rotational driving force is transmitted from said rotatable driving member (34) to said photosensitive drum (7) through engagement between said main assembly twisted projection (118a) and said twisted cartridge recess (117a). An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to claim 54, wherein said main assembly twisted projection (118a) has a substantially triangular prism shape. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to claim 55, wherein said main assembly twisted projection (118a) has a substantially equilateral triangular sham for the prism shape. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 54 to 56, wherein said main assembly recess has an inner surface which is inclined inwardly from the open end of the recess. An electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 54 to 57, for use with a process cartridge comprising a circular outer wall (24a) partly or entirely surrounding said twisted cartridge projection (17a), said apparatus further comprising a recess (15d) engageable with said circular outer wall (24a) of said cartridge when said cartridge is mounted to said image-forming apparatus. A rotatable driving member (34) for an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 51 to 58, comprising: drive means (121) for receiving a driving force from a motor (119) of said image-forming apparatus; a shaft (118) provided substantially coaxially with said drive means (121); a main assembly twisted projection (118a) substantially co-axial with said rotatable drive means (121); a main assembly recess provided at a free end of said main assembly twisted projection (118a) and substantially co-axial with said main assembly twisted projection. A rotatable driving member (34) according to claim 59, wherein said main assembly twisted projection (118a) has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. A rotatable driving member (34) according to claim 60, wherein said main assembly twisted projection (118a) has a substantially equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape. A rotatable driving member (34) according to any of claims 59 to 61, wherein said main assembly recess has an inner surface which is inclined inwardly from the open end of the recess. The combination of a process cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 9 and an image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 41 to 47, wherein when said main assembly projection (18a4) is in said cartridge recess (17a2), a play is provided between said cartridge recess (17a2) and said main assembly projection (18a4). The combination of a process cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 9 and an image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 41 to 47, wherein an inner peripheral surface of said cartridge recess (17a2) is not contacted to an outer peripheral surface of said main assembly projection (18a4) when driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7). The combination of a process cartridge according to claim 7 and an image-forming apparatus according to claim 47, wherein when said process cartridge is mounted to said image-forming apparatus and driving force is not transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7), said outer wall (24a) of said cartridge is contacted to said recess (15d) of said image-forming apparatus. The combination of a process cartridge according to any of claims 10 to 17 and an image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 54 to 58, wherein when said cartridge projection is in said main assembly recess, a play is provided between said cartridge projection and said main assembly recess. The combination of a process cartridge according to any of claims 10 to 17 and an image-forming apparatus according to any of claims 54 to 58, wherein an inner peripheral surface of said main assembly recess is not contacted to an outer peripheral surface of said cartridge projection when driving force is transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7). The combination of a process cartridge according to claim 12 and an image-forming apparatus according to claim 58, wherein when said process cartridge is mounted to said image-forming apparatus and driving force is not transmitted to said photosensitive drum (7), said outer wall (24a) of said cartridge is contacted to said recess (15d) of said image-forming apparatus.

Inventors: ITO YOSHIHIRO, KAWAI TOSHIHARU, WATANABE KAZUSHI, ITO, YOSHIHIRO, KAWAI, TOSHIHARU, WATANABE, KAZUSHI
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1997
Main classification: G03G21
IPC codes: G03G15, G03G21, F16D1