AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR CONTROLLING TERMITES

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling domestic pests using 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2-methoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide. The benzamide is particularly effective against termites and is suitable for use in baits.

Description: 97/40689 PC17US97/06870 AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR CONTROLLING TERMITES FIELD OF INVENπON This application claims the benefit ofthe filing of U. S. Provisional Application 60/016.627 filed May 1, 1996. The present invention relates to a method for controlling termites. More specifically the invention relates to the use of 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2- methoxy[l,r-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide and formulations thereof to control termites. Most specifically the invention relates to the use ofthe aforementioned composition to control termites by incorporation ofthe composition in a bait formulation. BACKGROUND Subterranean termites, which cause nearly a billion dollars in annual damage to U.S. homes, are difficult to control due to their large colonies and large foraging territories. The Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes, for example, each form colonies containing up to several million termites that can forage a linear distance of 79 to 100 meters (N.-Y. Su, J. Econ. Entomol. 87, 389-397, 1994). A common method of protection for homes makes use of a barrier treatment to surround the home with a narrow, underground trench containing a termiticide. However, barrier treatments typically require the soil incorporation of a large amount of termiticide (5-10 kg for a single family home). Termite baits have also been used in termite control, most effectively as part of an integrated pest management program. The bait itself is typically a piece of wood or other source of cellulose, such as cardboard. Upon finding a satisfactory bait, foraging termites will use trail pheromones to recruit others. A termite may also become exposed to the bait indirectly by oral transfer from another termite, a phenomenon known as trophallaxis. By a combination of recruitment and trophallaxis, the bait is eventually delivered to much ofthe colony over a period of a few days to several months. Because ofthe time necessary to disperse the bait throughout the colony, a toxicant mixed in the bait to control termites should be slow- acting. In addition to their lethal effects, many termiticides are also termite repellents at varying concentrations (N.-Y. Su and R. H. Schreffrahn, J. Econ. Entomol., 86, 1453- 1457, 1993). A suitable termiticide for use in a bait will therefore have lethal activity at concentrations well below those that cause repellency. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are attractive as bait toxicants because they are inherently slow-acting compounds. Examples of IGRs reported to have activity against termites include methoprene (isopropyl (2E-4E)-1 l-methoxy-3,7,11- trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate), pyriproxyfen (2- [ 1 -methy l-2-(4- phenoxyphenoxy)ethoxy]pyridine), fenoxycarb (O-ethyl N-[2-(4- phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbamate), and hexaflumuron (N-[{(3,5-dichloro-4-(l, 1,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl)amino}carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide). US Patent 5,300,293 describes a bait containing these compounds for controlling cockroaches and termites. The IGR hexaflumuron is a highly active chitin synthesis inhibitor belonging to a class of compounds commonly known as the benzoylphenylureas. It is the active ingredient in DowElanco's Sentricon™ System for termite control and its activity has been reported in the literature (N.-Y. Su, J. Econ. Entomol., 87, 389-397, 1994). Structurally related compounds having lethal activity against termites include chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, triflumuron and lufenuron. International Publication Number WO 85/01047 discloses insecticidal activity against foliar feeding pests for compounds ofthe formula: Specifically disclosed in the above reference is 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2- methoxy[l ,r-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide (A). It has now been found that compound A is also highly effective against termites. In particular, it has now been found that compound A is termiticidal at very low concentrations and slow enough acting to be highly effective in a termite bait. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The use of 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2-methoxy[l,r-biphenyl]-4- yl)amino}carbonyl]-benzamide (A) to control termites is described. (A) Compound A, shown above, is incoφorated in a termite bait or composition or other suitable carrier. It is also useful in the control ofthe following domestic insect pests: cockroaches (Blattella germanica), Periplaneta spp., fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.), ants, and flies (Musca domestica). DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION This invention describes the use of 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2-methoxy[l,l '- biphenyl]-4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide (A) for controlling termites. It is suφrisingly very active as a termiticide when compared to a recognized commercial standard. The composition ofthe present invention is also very slow acting by ingestion, does not exhibit fast acting contact activity which may prevent the spreading of bait to other termites, and may be transferred among termites by trophallaxis. Compound A may be incoφorated in a termite bait or composition or other suitable carrier. Compound A may be prepared by the method shown in the following schema: 2-Chlorobenzamide (1) is heated with oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride to give the substituted benzoylisocyanate 2. Reaction of 2 with 4'-chloro-2- methoxybiphenyl amine (3) provides compound A. This general procedure was described by Wellinga, et al., J. Agr. Food Chem., 21, 348 (1973) as Methods A and B in J. Agr. Food Chem., 21, 993 (1973), both incoφorated herein by reference. The intermediate biphenylamine 3 may be prepared as described in International Publication Number WO 85/01047, incoφorated herein by reference and shown in the following schema: 5 2-Methoxy-4-nitroaniline 5 and chlorobenzene are heated in the presence of t- butylnitrite and copper powder to give 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-nitroanisole 6. Hydrogenation of 6 with platinum oxide in methanol (a base such as moφholine may be used) provides the desired biphenyl amine 3. For obtaining the aryl-aryl coupling product 6, it should be noted that in recent years newer, more efficient methods have been developed for aryl-aryl couplings in general (R. B. Miller and S. Dugar, Organometallics, 3_, 1263, 1984 and N. Miyaura, T. Yanagi and A. Suzuki, Synth. Commun., 11(7), 513, 1981). While these newer methods were not used herein to make the biphenyl intermediates leading to compound A ofthe present invention, they may provide a superior route to such intermediates. The method of preparation is detailed in the following procedures. Example 1 Preparation of 2-Chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2-methoxy[l,l '-biphenyl]-4- yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide (Compound A) Step A 2-(4-ChlorophenylV5-nitroanisole To a stirred mixture of 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline (29.8 g, 0.2 mole), chlorobenzene (1000 g, 8.8 mole) and copper powder (29.8 g) was added t-butylnitrite (27.6 g, 0.3 mole) over a thirty minute period. After complete addition the mixture was heated to 70-90 °C with stirring for four hours. The mixture was then allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 18 hours. After removing excess chlorobenzene by distillation the crude material was passed through a silica gel column using toluene. Product containing fractions were concentrated to give an oil that was chromatographed on a second silica gel column using 1 : 1 heptane/toluene to provide 26.0 g of an oil containing a mixture of isomers. Preparative gas chromatography gave pure 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-nitroanisole as shown by IR and NMR. Step B 4-C4-Chlorophenyl)-3-methoxyaniline Hydrogenation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-nitroanisole (0.6.g, 2.0 mmol) with platinum oxide (20 mg) and methanol (100 ml) in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus provided 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methoxyaniline (0.4 g) as an oil. Step C (Compound A) To a stirred solution of 2-chlorobenzoylisocyanate (0.2 g, 1.1 mmol) in xylenes (40 ml) was added a solution of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methoxyaniline (0.2 g, 0.9 mmol) in xylenes ( ml). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2.5 hours then diluted with n-heptane (60 ml) and stirred for an additional one-half hour. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with cold pentane to provide 2-chloro-N-[{(2-methoxy-4' -chloro [1,1 ' -biphenyl] -4- yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide, m.p. 178-179 °C (Compound A). Example 2 Compound A and hexaflumuron were evaluated for activity against Reticulitermes flavipes as follows. A 0.2 ml solution of compound (Compound A in acetone and hexaflumuron in water) was applied to 4.25 cm filter paper in a 5 cm petri dish and air-dried overnight. Papers were rehydrated with 0.2 ml water and 10 termite nymphs were added to each dish. One drop of water was added to the filter paper as needed (usually every other day) to prevent termite dehydration. The percent control was measured after 30 days of exposure by the termites to the treated filter paper. The results are shown in the Table I. 97/40689 PC17US97/06870 Table I. Relative Activities of Hexaflumuron and Compound A Against Termite Reticulitermes flavipes Concentration Hexaflumuron" Compound A" (w/w%) b 0.01 20 73 0.1 36 90 1.0 100 c 93 c ' Percent control after 30 day exposure to treated filter paper. Average of six replications. b The weight/weight percent of test compound. c 90% control was observed within 2-4 days for hexaflumuron and within 22-24 days for Compound Example 3 Compound A and hexaflumuron were evaluated for activity against German cockroaches. Baits were prepared as follows: a 5.0 ml solution of compound (Compound A in acetone and hexaflumuron in water) was mixed with 5 g of pulverized Purina Laboratory Rat Chow and air-dried for 24 hours. Ten 3rd instar GCR nymphs were placed in 16 oz.screen-covered plastic tubs with water and harborage. Baits (0.2 g) were added the next day and at two weeks. Percent control was measured after the cockroaches were exposed to the treated diet for 30 days. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Relative Activities of Hexaflumuron and Compound A Against German Cockroach Concentration Hexaflumuron 3 Compound A a (w/w%) b 0.01 28 50 0.1 65 55 1.0 87 77 * Percent control after 30 day exposure to treated diet. Average of six replications. b The weight/weight percent of test compound. Another embodiment ofthe present invention relates to a method for controlling domestic pests which comprises applying to the site where control is sought an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of formula I: I where X and Y are both fluorine or X is chlorine and Y is hydrogen; and Z is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy. The term "alkyl" alone or as part of a larger moiety, includes straight or branched chain alkyl groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, while the term "alkoxy" alone or as part of a larger moiety, includes straight or branched chain alkoxy groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative compounds of formula I are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Representative Compounds of Formula I Compound X Y Z 7 Cl H OCHF 2 8 Cl H OCF 3 9 Cl H CF 3 10 Cl H Br 11 Cl H Cl 12 Cl H CH 3 13 Cl H CH 2 CH 3 14 Cl H isopropyl Compound X Y 15 Cl H OCH 3 16 Cl H C 6 H I3 17 Cl H F 18 Cl H H 19 F F OCHF 2 20 F F OCF 3 21 F F CF 3 22 F F Br 23 F F Cl 24 F F CH 3 25 F F CH 2 CH 3 26 F F isopropyl 27 F F OCH 3 28 F F C 6 H 13 29 F F F 30 F F H The compounds of formula I may be prepared by the general procedures described above for Compound A. These compounds may be incoφorated in a termite bait or composition or other suitable carrier as previously described.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A method for controlling domestic insect pests which comprises applying to the site where control is sought an insecticidally effective amount of a compound having the formula: where X and Y are both fluorine or X is chlorine and Y is hydrogen; and Z is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy. 2. A method of claim 1 where the compound is 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2- methoxy[l ,1 '-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said domestic insect pests are selected from the group consisting of termites, cockroaches, fleas and flies. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the said domestic insect pests are termites. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein the said domestic insect pests are cockroaches. 6. The method of claims 1-4 wherein the compound is incoφorated in an insect bait. 7. A termiticidal composition comprising a termite bait or other suitable carrier and the compound. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein the compound is 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2- methoxy[l ,r-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzamide. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the compound is 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2- methoxy [ 1,1' -biphenyl] -4-yl)amino } carbonyljbenzamide .

Inventors: DEANGELIS ALAN R, DIXSON JOHN A, DYBAS JANE A, DEANGELIS, ALAN, R., DIXSON, JOHN, A., DYBAS, JANE, A.
Applicants: DEANGELIS ALAN R, DIXSON JOHN A, DYBAS JANE A, FMC CORP, DEANGELIS, ALAN, R., DIXSON, JOHN, A., DYBAS, JANE, A., FMC CORPORATION
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A01N47
IPC codes: A01N25, A01N47