Electrode structure for high temperature heated body

Abstract: An electrode for connecting an external electric wire to a heated body heated to a high temperature. The electrode of this invention comprises a high temperature side electrode made of a conductor connected to the heated body, and a low temperature side electrode connected at one of the ends thereof to the high temperature side electrode and at the other end thereof to the external electric wire. The low temperature side electrode is formed by covering a conductor disposed at the center by a covering material through an insulating material, and the conductor of the low temperature side electrode is made of a material having a smaller conduction resistance than that of the conductor of the high temperature side electrode. Because the conductor of the low temperature side electrode is made of the material having a smaller conduction resistance than that of the conductor of the high temperature side electrode, the increase of the resistance value can be restricted even when the conductor is extended so that the temperature of the connecting portion with the external electric wire becomes lower.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an electrode for connecting an electric wire to a heated body which is heated to a high temperature. More specifically, this invention relates to an electrode structure of an electrically heated-type catalyst device. 2. Description of the Related Art An electrically heated-type catalyst device which is heated by electricity to quickly activate a catalyst after the start from a cold state is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 6-108831. According to the device, one end of a solid stud bolt is connected to a catalyst while the other end is extended to the outside of an exhaust pipe and is connected to an external wire. Generally, a copper cable (copper wire) is used in most cases as the external electric wire. However, because the junction between the stud bolt and the external electric wire exists in the proximity of the catalyst, the junction is likely to be heated by the catalyst through the stud bolt and attains a high temperature, or the junction on the stud bolt side is likely to undergo high temperature oxidation and invites conduction failure. Further, the external electric wire, too, attains a high temperature, so that the problems such as the material change of the electric wire itself or deterioration of a covering material occur. These problems may be solved, in principle, by extending the length of the lead-out electrode so as to bring the junction away from the catalyst. But according to this arrangement, the resistance value of the lead-out electrode itself becomes so great that the catalyst itself cannot be heated sufficiently or the weight of the lead-out electrode becomes great. In addition, such a large lead-out electrode is more likely to interfere with other components and its mountability is poor. Document EP 0 669 453 A1 discloses an electrically heated catalytic converter with a substrate for a catalyst, a rod-like metal electrode connected to the substrate and a casing accommodating the substrate. The document discloses possibilities of reducing the temperature of the electrode at the portion connected to a electric supply cable. This object is implemented by using a electrode formed as a hollow pipe, since the heat mass of the hollow pipe electrode is very small compared with a solid metal rod electrode. Another possibility of reducing the temperature of the electrode is to distant the electrode at the penetration portion, where the electrode is penetrating the casing, by forming a flange on an outer suface of the electrode and holding that flange by heat isolating members. The object of the present invention is to aim at lowering the temperature at the junction between the lead-out electrode of the electrically heated-type catalyst device with a simple structure and without increasing the resistance value. According to the present invention, there is provided a structure of an electrode for connecting an external electric wire to a heated body heated to a high temperature, which comprises a high temperature side electrode made of a conductor and connected to the heated body; and a low temperature side electrode connected at one of the end portions thereof with the high temperature side electrode and having the other end portion thereof connected to the external electric wire; wherein the low temperature side electrode is produced by covering a conductor disposed at the center with a covering material through an insulator, and the conductor of the low temperature side electrode is made of a material having a lower conduction resistivity than that of the conductor of the high temperature side electrode. The present invention may be more fully understood from the description of preferred embodiments thereof set forth below, together with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an electrically heated-type catalyst equipped with an electrode according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is an explanatory view useful for explaining a part of the production process of the electrode according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a catalyst device interposed into an intermediate part of an exhaust pipe of a car. Reference numeral 100 denotes a catalyst container as a whole. This catalyst container 100 comprises a catalyst container first portion 101, a container second portion 102, a container third portion 103 and a container fourth portion 104 that are coupled by welding. A flange 101a is fitted to the outside of the catalyst container first portion 101 so as to connect an upstream side exhaust pipe (not shown), and a flange 104a is fitted to the outside of the container fourth portion 104 so as to connect a downstream side exhaust pipe (not shown). An electrically heated-type catalyst 1 to be electrically heated is disposed inside the catalyst container second portion 102. The electric heating catalyst 1 includes a support made of a metal and is held in place by a buffer material 105 made of a conductive material, for flexibly supporting the catalyst in a circumferential direction, a stopper 107 made of an insulating material, for preventing the catalyst from being moved in the downstream direction by a gas pressure, and a holding member 106 for holding this stopper 107. A solid, rod-like first high temperature side electrode 2 made of a heat-resistant metal such as a stainless steel is fitted to the center portion of the electric heating catalyst 1, and a sheet-like second high temperature side electrode 3 extending toward the outer peripheral side is fitted to the end portion of the first high temperature side electrode 2 on its downstream side. This second high temperature side electrode 3 is bent into the shape as shown in Fig. 1 so that it can absorb shrinkage due to the temperature change. A third high temperature side electrode 4 is fitted to the other end of the second high temperature side electrode 3, and extends outside through an opening 102a bored in the catalyst container second portion 102. On the other hand, a conductor 6 made of a conductive material is disposed at a center portion, and a low temperature side electrode 5 covered with a metal pipe 8 through an insulating material 7 made of MgO (magnesium oxide) is welded round the opening 102a formed in the catalyst container second portion 102 through its metal pipe 8. The outer distal end portion of the third high temperature side electrode 4 is caulked or welded to the distal end portion of the conductor 6 of the low temperature side electrode 5 on the side of the catalyst container 100. A scatter preventive member 9 is packed to the distal end portion of the low temperature side electrode 5 on the side of the catalyst container 100 so as to prevent the insulating material 7 from breaking and scattering into the catalyst container 100, and the distal end portion of the metal pipe 8 is deformed lest this scatter preventive member 9 falls off into the catalyst container 100. The external electric wire (not shown) is connected to the other end portion of the conductor 6 of the low temperature side electrode 5. Therefore, the low temperature side electrode 5 has a sufficient length lest the temperature of the connection portion becomes too high. For this reason, the conductor 6 of the low temperature side electrode 5 comprises a twisted wire made of a material having a small conduction resistance such as Ni (nickel), whereas the third high temperature side electrode 4 is made of a stainless steel having a high conduction resistance. The distal end portion of the metal pipe 8 is deformed lest the scatter preventive member 10 packed into it falls off, in the same way as the distal end portion of the catalyst container 100, but this arrangement is not necessary if the insulating material 7 at this portion is not broken and scatters. If the low temperature side electrode 5 which is thus elongated is perpendicularly extended with respect to the outer surface of the catalyst container second portion 102, the second portion 102 is more likely to interfere with other components and mountability drops. Therefore, the low temperature side electrode 5 is folded and bent in such a manner as to extend along the catalyst container 100 as shown in the drawing. The thickness of the curved portion of the metal pipe 8 is greater than that of its straight line portion so as to avoid the occurrence of local cracking and the drop in the thickness at the time of bending and folding work. The thickness of the weld portion of the metal pipe 8 to the periphery of the opening 102a formed in the catalyst container second portion 102 is further greater than the thickness of its curved portion so as to prevent deformation and to improve durability because the low temperature side electrode 5 is supported as a whole by this weld portion. Therefore, when the thickness of the weld portion is t1, the thickness of the curved portion is t2 and the thickness of the portion closer to the external electrode than the curved portion is t3, the relation t1 > t2 > t3 is satisfied. Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1 so that the difference of the thickness can be more easily understood. Since the low temperature side electrode 5 is made of a material having a smaller conduction resistance than the third high temperature side electrode 4 as described above, the length of the low temperature side electrode 5 is increased so that the temperature at the connection portion with the external electric wire can be sufficiently lowered without increasing the conduction resistance. Therefore, the present invention is free from the problems of the prior art in that the temperature of the external electric wire at the connection portion rises, the material changes and conduction defect develops. Because the temperature at the connection portion of the external electric wire can be sufficiently lowered, an ordinary electric wire such as a vinyl-coated copper wire can be used for the external electric wire. When extended, the low temperature side electrode 5 is so bent and folded as to extend along the catalyst container 100 and is less likely to interfere with other components. Therefore, mountability is not deteriorated. The electrode having the construction described above is produced by the following production steps. (1) The second high temperature electrode 3, the third high temperature side electrode 4, the center conductor 6 of the low temperature side electrode 5 and the metal pipe 8 are cut and shaped in advance into predetermined shapes and sizes, and the insulating material 7 is shaped into a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter a little greater than the outer diameter of the center conductor 6 and a predetermined length smaller than the length of the center conductor 6. (2) On the other hand, the electric heating catalyst 1 provided with the first high temperature side electrode 2 at the center thereof is fitted to the catalyst container second portion 102 having the opening 102a formed therein by the buffer material 105, the retaining member 106 and the stopper 107. (3) The second high temperature side electrode 2 is fitted to the third high temperature side electrode 4 by caulking or welding. (4) The third high temperature side electrode 4 having the second high temperature side electrode 2 fitted thereto is then fitted to the conductor 6 by caulking or welding. (5) The assembly after the step (4) is inserted into the insulating material 7 which is shaped in advance. (6) The insulating material 7 having the conductor 6 fitted thereto by the step (5) is fitted into the metal pipe 8. (7) The scatter preventive material 9 is packed into both end portions of the metal pipe 8. (8) The assembly after the step (7) is subjected to the diameter reduction machining by a swaging machine. (9) The assembly after the step (8) is bent into a predetermined shape. (10) The assembly after the step (9) is fitted round the opening 102a of the catalyst container second portion 102 prepared in advance by the step (2) by welding. (11) The first high temperature side electrode 2 and the second high temperature side electrode 3 are coupled by welding. (12) The catalyst container first portion 101 and the catalyst container third portion 103 having the catalyst container fourth portion 104 fitted thereto in advance are coupled to the upstream and downstream sides of the catalyst container second portion 102, respectively, by welding. Fig. 3 shows the production steps (1) to (8) among the steps described above. As shown in Fig. 3, the insulating material 7 under the material component state before machining is not a unitary product but is a plurality of components cut into a suitable length. When the electrode is produced as described above, particularly when the conductor of the low temperature side conductor is disposed in the insulating material, the positioning work is not necessary, but it can be positioned accurately and within a short time without requiring skill. As described above, the present invention can lower the temperature of the junction of the external electric wire connected to the heated body which is heated to a high temperature, without increasing the conduction resistance. An electrode for connecting an external electric wire to a heated body heated to a high temperature. The electrode of this invention comprises a high temperature side electrode made of a conductor connected to the heated body, and a low temperature side electrode connected at one of the ends thereof to the high temperature side electrode and at the other end thereof to the external electric wire. The low temperature side electrode is formed by covering a conductor disposed at the center by a covering material through an insulating material, and the conductor of the low temperature side electrode is made of a material having a smaller conduction resistance than that of the conductor of the high temperature side electrode. Because the conductor of the low temperature side electrode is made of the material having a smaller conduction resistance than that of the conductor of the high temperature side electrode, the increase of the resistance value can be restricted even when the conductor is extended so that the temperature of the connecting portion with the external electric wire becomes lower.

Claims: An electrode structure for connecting an external electric wire to a heated body heated to a high temperature, characterized by : a high temperature side electrode (2, 3, 4) made of a conductor connected to said heated body; and a low temperature side electrode (5) connected at one of the end portions thereof to said high temperature side electrode (2, 3, 4) and at the other end portion thereof to said external electric wire; wherein said low temperature side electrode (5) is formed by covering a conductor (6) disposed at the center with a covering material through an insulating material; and said conductor (6) of said low temperature side electrode (5) is made of a material having a smaller conduction resistance than that of said conductor of said high temperature side electrode (2, 3, 4). An electrode structure according to claim 1, wherein said heated body is a catalyst (1) disposed inside an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, said high temperature side electrode (2, 3, 4) is connected to said catalyst (1) and is disposed inside said exhaust passage, and said low temperature side electrode (5) is disposed outside said exhaust passage. An electrode structure according to claim 2, wherein said low temperature side electrode (5) extended to the junction with said external electric wire along the outer wall of said exhaust passage through a curved portion, and the thickness of said covering material at said curved portion is greater than the thickness of said covering material at the portion along the outer wall. An electrode structure according to claim 2, wherein said low temperature side electrode (5) is supported as a whole when said covering material of said low temperature side electrode (5) is welded to the outer wall of said exhaust passage, and the thickness of said covering material at said weld portion is greater than the thickness of said covering material at other portions. An electrode structure according to claim 2, wherein said high temperature side electrode (2, 3, 4) comprises a first high temperature side electrode (2), a second high temperature side electrode (3) and a third high temperature side electrode (4); said first high temperature side electrode (2) is directly connected at one of the ends thereof to said catalyst (1) and at the other end thereof to said second high temperature side electrode (3); said second high temperature side electrode (3) has such a shape as to absorb shrinkage due to a temperature change, and is connected at one of the ends thereof to said first high temperature side electrode (2) and at the other end thereof to said third high temperature side electrode (4); and said third high temperature side electrode (4) is so disposed as to penetrate through a wall of a catalyst container (100) forming a part of said exhaust passage, and is connected at one of the ends thereof to said second high temperature side electrode (3) and at the other end thereof to said low temperature side electrode (5). An electrode structure according to claim 5, wherein said third high temperature side electrode (4) and said low temperature side electrode (5) are connected by caulking. An electrode structure according to claim 5, wherein said third high temperature side electrode (4) and said low temperature side electrode (5) are connected by welding. An electrode structure according to claim 1, wherein said high temperature side electrode (2, 3, 4) is made of a stainless steel. An electrode structure according to claim 1, wherein said conductor (6) of said low temperature side electrode (5) is made of a twisted wire of nickel. An electrode structure according to claim 1, wherein said insulating material of said low temperature side electrode (5) is magnesium oxide. An electrode structure according to claim 1, wherein said covering material of said low temperature side electrode (5) is a pipe (8) made of a metal. An electrode structure according to claim 1, wherein said low temperature side electrode (5) is the one that is produced by fitting said conductor (6) into said insulating material, shaped in advance into a hollow tubular shape, inserting then the resulting assembly into said covering material shaped in advance into a hollow tubular shape and then subjecting the resulting assembly to integral reduction rolling by swaging.

Inventors: HOSOKAWA HIROSHI, SAKURAI KAZUHIRO, HOSOKAWA, HIROSHI, SAKURAI, KAZUHIRO, Hosokawa, Hiroshi c/o Kabushiki Kaisa Riken
Applicants: TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD, TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1997
Main classification: H05B3
IPC codes: F01N7, H05B3, B01D53, F01N3