A CIRCUIT BOARD

Abstract: A circuit board is disclosed comprising a substantially non-conductive substrate (12) and first and second rigid sheets (14, 16). The first sheet (14) forms a grid pattern substantially encapsulated by the substrate (12), and a portion (20) of the first sheet extends beyond a boundary of the substrate to form a first interconnection terminal. The second sheet (16) is also substantially encapsulated by the substrate (12) and has a portion which extends beyond the boundary of the substrate (12) to form a second interconnection terminal. The second sheet (16) acts as an electromagnetic interference shield, and also has a coefficient of thermal expansion less than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate (12).

Description: A CIRCUIT BOARD This invention relates to circuit boards. Conventional planar printed wiring boards (PWBs) have been replaced by three-dimensional moulded circuit boards in many applications, such as in cellular telephones, pagers and computers. The three-dimensional circuit boards act as a substrate for the metallised circuitry, plated through- holes and electronic components which are subsequently mounted onto the circuitry. These moulded circuit boards are normally comprised of polymeric materials such as polyetherimide (PEI) , acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polypropylene (PP) , which have large coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) relative to the metallisation and the electronic components. This difference in CTE can degrade the long term reliability of the final electronic assembly when exposed to repetitive thermal variations. The moulded circuit board is also susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) which affects the function of the circuitry. According to the present invention, there is provided a circuit board comprising: a substrate; a first rigid sheet substantially encapsulated by the substrate, a portion of the sheet extending beyond a boundary of the substrate to form a first interconnection terminal; and a second rigid sheet substantially encapsulated by the substrate. Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a circuit board comprising: a substrate; electrical circuitry disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a rigid sheet substantially encapsulated by the substrate, the rigid sheet shielding the electrical circuitry from electromagnetic interference generated on a side of the sheet opposite from the electrical circuitry. A circuit board embodying the invention has an advantage that it protects the electronics on or near the circuit board when exposed to repetitive thermal variations. Further, it has an advantage that it protects the electronics on or near the circuit board from electromagnetic interference. A circuit board embodying the present invention may be used in environments such as motor vehicles where EMI protection is particularly desirable. The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a top view, partially in cross-section, of a circuit board according to the present invention; and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in Figure 1. With reference to the drawings, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. Figures 1 and 2 show a moulded circuit board 10 according to the present invention. The circuit board 10 includes a three-dimensional substrate 12 and first, second and third sheets 14, 16 and 18, respectively. The substrate 12 is substantially non-conductive, preferably formed from a plastic such as PEI, ABS or PP. The first sheet 14 is preferably a rigid, conductive material such as a relatively heavy gauge metallic sheet stock mesh stamping or etching. The first sheet 14 is substantially encapsulated by the substrate 12, except for an edge connector portion or pin 20 that extends beyond the lateral boundary of the substrate defined by the side wall 22. Like the first sheet 14, the third sheet 18 is preferably a rigid, conductive material such as a heavy gauge metallic mesh. The sheet 16 and 18 are also substantially encapsulated by the substrate 12, except for respective edge connector portions or pins 24 and 26 that extends beyond the side wall 22 of the substrate. The sheets 14, 16 and 18 are preferably moulded into the substrate 12 during the injection moulding, thermoforming, blow moulding, lamination or other moulding process. The sheets 14, 16 and 18 are formed in similar, although not necessarily identical, grid patterns. Through- holes 28 drilled or otherwise formed in the substrate 12 and plated with a conductive material electrically connect a plurality of locations 30, 32 and 34 on the first sheet 14 with a first or upper surface 36 of the substrate. Various electrical surface circuitry 38 mounted on the upper surface 36 communicates via the through-holes 28 with the first sheet 14 at the locations 30, 32 and 34. Locations 40, 42, 44 and 46 of the third sheet 18 are likewise in electrical communication with electrical components 48 on a lower surface 50 of the substrate. Optionally, electrical components such as an small outline integrated circuit package 52 bonded with a thermal adhesive 54 or otherwise mounted on the upper surface 36 of the substrate also communicate with the sheet 18. The pins 20, 24 and 26 are integrally formed with respective layers 14, 16 and 18, and are disposed within a connector shroud or housing 56 moulded in the substrate 12. The pins 20, 24 and 26 are adapted to form terminals for physical and electrical interconnection with an external connector. For example, the sheet 14 may be designed as a power or signal plane, and the sheet 18 may be designed as a ground plane. Thus, a wide variety of three-dimensional circuit paths are available on the circuit board 10, either alone or in conjunction with other circuits mating with the board 10 through the pins 20 and 26. For example, specific through-holes 28 are only joined with the ground plane 18, while other through-holes interconnect with the power layer 14. The- layers 14 and 18 can be designed prior to fabrication, or a generic mesh layer pattern can be machined via drilling to define the circuit layout after moulding to provide defined circuit paths between components, through- holes and terminal pins. The unconnected sheet 16 acts as a shield to inhibit the EMI susceptibility of the circuit board 10, and particularly the sheets 14 and 18 and the surface circuitry 38. To achieve this effect, the shield 16 can be either a metal stamping, an etched metal sheet or a woven metallic screen of a given thickness, patterning and three- dimensional shape. The shield 16 can be sized to protect the entire board 10 or specific areas of a board. To provide the further advantage of controlling the CTE of the circuit board 10, the shield 16 is preferably comprised of a material having high EMI attenuating characteristics with a low CTE relative to the substrate material. In addition, the material thickness of both the metal layers and the dielectric substrate material between layers is controlled to achieve the desired degree of CTE control. Copper, a copper-beryllium alloy or a carbon fibre composite are materials suitable for this purpose. For example, ABS normally has a CTE ranging from 6-13 x 10 A -5 ppm/C, while copper normally has a CTE of approximately 17.6 x 10 Λ -6 ppm/C. Alternatively, the EMI shield 16 can be formed by moulding a plated mylar film with a grid or mesh pattern in situ in the substrate 12. Prior to the in- moulding, wire mesh is ultrasonically embedded in the film to form a laminated film stock. As an alternative to moulding the shield 16 in situ, a first three-dimensional moulded plastic substrate is plated with an EMI mesh, and then the mesh is over moulded in a second moulding operation to produce a final part having the plated EMI shield completely embedded in bulk of the substrate 12. The part can then be drilled, photoimaged and plated to create circuitry and plated through-holes in the substrate. Integrated into the bulk of the moulded substrate, the metal shield 16 acts to constrain the CTE of the plastic and provide EMI protection to the circuitry and components located on the side of the shield opposite of the EMI source. Controlling the difference in CTEs between the substrate 12 and the metallisation and the electrical components improves the reliability of the circuit board 10. It should be understood that while the forms of the invention herein shown and described constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, they are not intended to illustrate all possible forms thereof. For example, additional moulded-in shields or layers with independent interconnect pins to the EMI shield, signal and power planes can be provided.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A circuit board comprising: a substrate (12) ; a first rigid sheet (14) substantially encapsulated by the substrate (12), a portion of the first sheet (14) extending beyond a boundary of the substrate (12) to form a first interconnection terminal (20) ; and a second rigid sheet (16) substantially encapsulated by the substrate (12) . 2. A circuit board as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third sheet substantially encapsulated by the substrate. 3. A circuit board as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the first sheet is in electrical communication with a first and/or second surface of the substrate. 4. A circuit board as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second sheet has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is less than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate. 5. A circuit board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second sheet comprises metal such as copper or carbon fibre composite. 6. A circuit board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second sheet has a portion which extends beyond the boundary of the substrate to form a second interconnection terminal . 7. A circuit board as claimed in claim 2, wherein the third sheet is in electrical communication with a second surface of the substrate. 8. A circuit board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate is substantially non-conductive. 9. A circuit board as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first sheet forms a grid pattern or a substantially solid plane. 10. A circuit board comprising: a substrate; electrical circuitry disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a rigid sheet substantially encapsulated by the substrate, the rigid sheet shielding the electrical circuitry from electromagnetic interference generated on a side of the sheet opposite from the electrical circuitry. 11. A circuit board as claimed in claim 10, wherein a portion of the sheet extends beyond a boundary of the substrate to form an interconnection terminal.

Inventors: GLOVATSKY ANDREW ZACHARY, MCMILLAN RICHARD KEITH II, TODD MICHAEL GEORGE, GLOVATSKY, ANDREW, ZACHARY, MCMILLAN, RICHARD, KEITH, II, TODD, MICHAEL, GEORGE
Applicants: FORD FRANCE, FORD MOTOR CANADA, FORD MOTOR CO, FORD WERKE AG, FORD FRANCE S.A., FORD MOTOR COMPANY, FORD MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, FORD MOTOR COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED
Application year: 1997
Main classification: H05K1
IPC codes: H05K1, H05K3