Cake batter foaming composition

Abstract: A food foaming agent composition which contains a glycerin fatty acid ester (preferably monoester) and polyglycerin fatty acid ester as an emulsifier. The composition does not contain a sorbitan fatty acid ester, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester or a sucrose fatty acid ester. The foaming agent composition is used for cake such as sponge cakes, butter cake and the like.

Description: The present invention relates to a foaming agent composition (or foam stabilising composition). Preferred embodiments are useful for preparing cake batters which are superior in foam stability and foaming property, and cakes with superior taste and texture in the mouth. More particularly, it relates to a foaming agent composition for cakes such as sponge cake and butter cake. Examples of improving agents used in the preparation of cakes include foaming shortening, foaming emulsifying fats and oils, paste type foaming agents, powder type foaming agents and the like. All of these foaming agents contain an emulsifier. Foaming shortening mainly utilizes the foaming property of a propylene glycol fatty acid ester. The foaming property of the other agents originates from an α crystal form of a monoglyceride. However, since the α crystal of the monoglyceride is thermodynamically unstable, the foaming property is lowered as the α crystal form changes to β' and then to β crystal form. So, how to maintain the α crystal form becomes an important object for a food foaming agent. A pasty foaming agent prepared by stabilizing an α crystal of a monoglyceride in sorbitol used in combination with other food emulsifiers such as sorbitan fatty acid ester, acetylated monoglyceride, sucrose fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, etc. is present in the market, but there are a lot of problems in this type of foaming agent about the stability, oil resistance, variation of foaming property due to the temperature of egg and the like. In addition, it is required to develop a foaming agent using no sorbitan fatty acid ester or sucrose fatty acid ester in view of the flavour, but no satisfactory foaming agent is yet known. Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho-40-24504 discloses a foaming agent composition for cake, comprising 5 to 30 parts by weight of a glycerin fatty acid ester, 5 to 15 parts by weight of a sorbitan fatty acid ester, 5 to 20 parts by weight of a sucrose fatty ester and the like. This is superior in foaming property and stability of the dough, but the resulting cakes have defects such as poor taste and poor texture in the mouth. Japanese laid-open Patent Publication No. Hei-5-33688 discloses a foaming agent composition for cake preparation, comprising (a) 5 to 15 parts by weight of a glycerin fatty acid monoester, (b) 0 to 15 parts by weight of a propylene glycol fatty acid ester and/or a sorbitan fatty acid ester, (c) 1 to 6 parts by weight of a sucrose fatty acid ester and/or a polyglycerin fatty acid ester and the like. This is also superior in foaming property and stability of the dough, but the resulting cakes have defects such as poor taste and poor texture in the mouth. JP 04-354 528 (WPI AN 93-024 580) discloses a foaming emulsifier powder composition comprising (A) a fatty acid ester of glycerin, (B) a fatty acid ester of saccharose and/or of polyglycerin, (C) a fatty acid ester organic acid ester ( sic; apparently lactic acid monoglyceride is an example), and (D) glucose and/or lactose. GB-A-2254993 discloses a powdery foaming agent comprising (a) a saturated monoglyceride, (b) a saturated diglycerin monoester, (c) lecithin and (d) a polyphosphate. Both (a) and (b) are preferably compounds of C 10 -C 22 acids, particularly stearic acid. According to the present invention there is provided a cake batter foaming agent composition which contains, as an emulsifier, a glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester component having a monoester content of not less than 90% by weight, and a polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester component containing not less than 50% by weight of diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester, the weight ratio of said glycerin monoester to said polyglycerin ester being from 1:0.5 to 1:4; and wherein the constituent fatty acid of said glycerin monoester and said polyglycerin ester contain at least 80% by weight of saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms; the constituent fatty acid of said glycerin monoester containing 5-50% by weight of saturated fa t ty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms and said composition does not contain a sorbitan fatty acid ester, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester or a sucrose fatty acid ester. A preferred embodiment of the present invention can provide a cake batter foaming agent composition which imparts good taste and good texture in the mouth to a cake batter and imparts good foaming property and foaming stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS It is essential that the emulsifier used in the present invention does not contain a sorbitan fatty acid ester, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester or a sucrose fatty acid ester. It contains a glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and a polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester. It may include a glycerin fatty acid ester, a glycerin fatty acid organic acid ester and/or lecithin as another emulsifier. As the glycerin fatty acid ester used in the present invention, there can be used a glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester wherein the monoester purity of a glycerin fatty acid ester, obtained by an ester interchange reaction or esterification reaction between glycerin, edible vegetable fats and oils, food animal fats and oils, food processes fats and oils and fatty acid derived from these food fats and oils, was concentrated to not less than 90% by weight according to methods such as molecular distillation and solvent fractionation. As the constituent fatty acid of the glycerin fatty acid monoester and polyglycerin fatty acid ester used in the present invention, a mixture of saturated fatty acids contained in food fats and oils, that is, saturated fatty acids having 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, etc. carbon atoms can be generally used. When the content of the saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms as the constituent fatty acid of the glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and polyglycerin fatty acid ester is less than 80% by weight, sufficient foaming property may not be obtained, and it is not preferred. When the content of the saturated fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms as the constituent fatty acid of the glycerin fatty acid ester is less than 5% by weight, the foaming stability is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the content of the saturated fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms is more than 50% by weight, if foods containing the foaming agent composition are baked, the hardness of the dough after baking is increased and, therefore, both cases are not preferred. The blending ratio of the glycerin fatty acid ester to the polyglycerin fatty acid ester used in the present invention is within the range from 1:0.5 to 1:4 in weight ratio. When the blending ratio of the glycerin fatty acid ester is higher than this range, the stability of the α crystalline gel of the glycerin fatty acid ester is deteriorated, which results in deterioration of the foaming property and deterioration of the storage stability. Therefore, it is not preferred. On the other hand, when the blending ratio of the glycerin fatty acid ester is lower than this range, sufficient foaming property may not be obtained. Therefore it is not preferred. As the polyglycerin fatty acid ester used in the present invention, it is possible to use a product obtained by esterifying polyglycerin, prepared by polymerizing 2 to 10 molar length of glycerin, with several saturated fatty acids. When the content of the diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester in the polyglycerin fatty acid ester is less than 50% by weight, sufficient foaming property may not be obtained. In addition, when the foaming agent is stored for a long period of time, the foaming property deteriorates with time. Therefore, it is not preferred. The food foaming agent composition of the present invention generally contains water. It is also possible to use saccharides such as invert sugar, sucrose, oligosaccharide, starch sugar, etc. and polyhydric alcohol such as sorbitol, maltol, glycerin, etc. for the purpose of stabilizing the α crystal of the glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester. The food foaming agent composition of the present invention can be produced, for example, in the following manner. A glycerin fatty acid ester, a polyglycerin fatty acid ester and other emulsifiers are melted with heating at 90 to 100°C, followed by uniform dispersion with mixing. An aqueous solution prepared by mixing water, sorbitol and glycerin with heating in the same manner is slowly added to the emulsifier with stirring to form a pasty uniform α-crystalline gel. The food foaming agent composition of the present invention can be obtained by transferring this gel with maintaining at 90 to 100°C, followed by cooling with allowing to stand. However, the method of producing the food foaming agent composition of the present invention is not limited to this production method. An amount of the food foaming agent composition of the present invention added to cake batters is normally from 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, preferably from 1 to 7 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of foods. The foaming agent composition of the present invention can impart excellent foaming property and excellent foaming stability without exerting a bad influence on the flavour in case of producing cakes, by containing no sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester and sucrose fatty acid ester as an emulsifier and specifying each ingredient and a blending ratio of a glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and a polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester. The following Examples and Application Example further illustrate the present invention in detail but are not to be construed to limit the scope thereof. In the Examples and Application Example, all "percents" and "parts" are by weight unless otherwise stated. Examples 1 to 4 According to the formulation shown in Table 1, a food foaming agent composition was prepared by the above-described production method. The details of the emulsifiers in Table 1 and Table 2 will be shown below. (A) EMULSY MS, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. Constituent fatty acid: fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms (100%) fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms (0%) (B) POEM B-100, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. Constituent fatty acid: fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms (100%) fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms (85%) (C) POEM C-100, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. Constituent fatty acid: fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms (20%) fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms (0%) (D) POEM DS-100A, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. Diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (85%) (E) POEM I-0081, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. Diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (0%) Comparative Examples 1 to 6 According to the formulations shown in Tables 2 and 3, food foaming agent compositions were prepared by the above-described production method. Application Example Using the food foaming agent compositions of Example 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 thus obtained in the above manner, sponge cake was produced according to the following formulation and production conditions and then evaluated. Formulation of sponge cake Wheat flour (soft) 100 parts First-class sugar 120 parts Whole egg 150 parts Baking powder 2 parts Salad oil 15 parts Water 25 parts Food foaming agent composition 3 parts A cake batter was prepared by premixing the above ingredients using a vertical mixer according to the all-in-mix method, followed by mixing using a continuous mixer so that the specific gravity of the batter became 0.56-0.54. The resulting cake batter (360g) was put in a No. 6 round mold, and then baked in an oven at 180°C for 30 minutes. The evaluation of the resulting sponge cake and that of the foaming agent composition were conducted with respect to the following evaluation items. Evaluation items Stability of cake batter: A sample of cake batter was taken in a test tube, and the state of the batter stored in a constant temperature furnace at 60°C for 2 hours was visually confirmed. ○ Good, Δ Slightly separated, X Considerably separated Taste and texture in the mouth of cake: They were evaluated by an organoleptic test. o ○ Good, ○ Slightly good, Δ Slightly poor, X Poor Foaming property: An amount of the foaming agent composition in the above formulation of the sponge cake was changed to 5 parts. The ingredients were premixed at low rate for 1 minute by using a vertical mixer according to the all-in-mix method, followed by stirring at high rate for 2 minutes. Then, the specific gravity of the cake batter was measured. The results are shown in Table 4. As is apparent from the results, with the food foaming agent composition of the present invention, excellent foaming property and excellent foaming stability can be imparted without exerting a bad influence on the taste in case of producing cakes, by containing no sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester and sucrose fatty acid ester as an emulsifier and specifying each ingredient and a blending ratio of a glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and a polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester. FORMULATION OF THE FOOD FOAMING AGENT COMPOSITION (Numerals represent % by weight) Raw material Example 1 2 3 4 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (A) 13.5 7.5 13.5 9.0 Glycerin saturated fatty acid mono ester(B) 1.5 7.5 1.5 1.0 Polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester (D) 10.0 10.0 6.0 15.0 Polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester (E) 4.0 Water 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 70% Sorbitol 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Glycerin 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester Constituent fatty acid: Number of carbon atoms: 16 or more 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20 or more 8.5 42.5 8.5 8.5 Content of diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester in polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester 85.0 85.0 51.0 85.0 Blending ( weight ) ratio between glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester 1:0.667 1:0.667 1:0.667 1:1.500 FORMULATION OF THE FOOD FOAMING AGENT COMPOSITION (Numerals represent % by weight) Raw material Comparative Example 1 2 3 4 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (A) 15.0 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (B) 15.0 3.0 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (C) 15.0 12.0 Polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester (D) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester (E) Water 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 70% Sorbitol 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Glycerin 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester Constituent fatty acid: Number of carbon atoms: 16 or more 100.0 100.0 20.0 36.0 20 or more 0.0 85.0 0.0 17.0 Content of diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester in polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 Blending ( weight ) ratio between glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester 1:0.667 1:0.667 1:1.667 1:0.667 FORMULATION OF THE FOOD FOAMING COMPOSITION (Numerals represent % by weight) Raw material Comparative Example 5 6 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (A) 12.0 16.2 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (B) 3.0 1.8 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester (C) Polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester (D) 7.0 Polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester (E) 10.0 later 35.0 35.0 70% Sorbitol 30.0 30.0 Glycerin 10.0 10.0 Glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester Constituent fatty acid: Number of carbon atoms: 16 or more 100.0 100.0 20 or more 17.0 8.5 Content of di glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester in polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester 0.0 85.0 Blending ( weight ) ratio between glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester and polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester 1:0.667 1:0.389 Stability of batter Taste of cake Texture of cake Foaming property Example 1 ○ o ○ o ○ 0.44 Example 2 ○ o ○ o ○ 0.45 Example 3 ○ o ○ ○ 0.45 Example 4 ○ o ○ ○ 0.51 Comparative Example 1 Δ o ○ ○ 0.48 Comparative Example 2 ○ o ○ × 0.51 Comparative Example 3 × ○ × 0.70 Comparative Example 4 Δ ○ × 0.64 Comparative Example 5 Δ o ○ × 0.67 Comparative Example 6 Δ o ○ × 0.73

Claims: A cake batter foaming agent composition which contains, as an emulsifier, a glycerin saturated fatty acid monoester component having a monoester content of not less than 90% by weight, and a polyglycerin saturated fatty acid ester component containing not less than 50% by weight of diglycerin saturated fatty acid monoester, the weight ratio of said glycerin monoester to said polyglycerin ester being from 1:0.5 to 1:4; and wherein the constituent fatty acid of said glycerin monoester and said polyglycerin ester contain at least 80% by weight of saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms; the constituent fatty acid of said glycerin monoester containing 5-50% by weight of saturated fatty acid having 20 or more carbon atoms, and said composition does not contain a sorbitan fatty acid ester, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester or a sucrose fatty acid ester. The composition of claim 1 wherein said polyglycerin ester component is a product obtained by esterifying polyglycerin prepared by polymerizing 2 to 10 glycerin units. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2 which includes a saccharide. The composition of claim 3 wherein said saccharide is selected from invert sugar, sucrose, and oligosaccharides. The composition of any preceding claim which includes a polyol selected from sorbitol, maltol and glycerin. The composition of any preceding claim which contains water. A foamable cake batter composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a cake batter and from 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of a foaming agent composition according to any preceding claim. A method of foaming a cake batter comprising the steps of combining 100 parts by weight of a cake batter with 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of a foaming composition according to any of claims 1 to 6, and mixing the mixture to form a foamed mixture. A method of claim 8 wherein the foaming agent composition includes a saccharide selected from invert sugar, sucrose and oligosaccharides, and a polyol selected from sorbitol, maltol and glycerin.

Inventors: HORIKAWA KUMI, ONODERA HIROSHI, HORIKAWA, KUMI, ONODERA, HIROSHI
Applicants: RIKEN VITAMIN CO, RIKEN VITAMIN CO., LTD.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A21D2
IPC codes: A21D2, A23L1