A COMPUTER SYSTEM HAVING A MULTIMEDIA BUS AND COMPRISING A CENTRALIZED I/O PROCESSOR WHICH PERFORMS INTELLIGENT DATA TRANSFERS

Abstract: A computer system optimized for real-time applications which provides increased performance over current computer architectures. The system includes a standard local system bus or expansion bus, such as the PCI bus, and also includes a dedicated real-time bus or multimedia bus. Various multimedia devices are coupled to one or more of the expansion bus and/or the multimedia bus. The computer system includes a dedicated or centralized I/O processor coupled to one or more of the expansion bus and/or the multimedia bus which operates to direct or pull stream information through the system. The centralized I/O processor comprises a memory for storing data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multimedia devices. The computer system of the present invention thus provides much greater performance for real-time applications than prior systems.

Description: Title: A Computer System Having A Multimedia Bus and Comprising a Centralized I/O Processor which Performs Intelligent Data Transfers BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a computer system which includes a system expansion bus such as the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus and/or also includes a separate real-time or multimedia bus which transfers periodic and/or multimedia stream data, wherein the system includes a centralized I/O processor which controls transfer of stream data for increased system performance. Description of the Related Art Computer architectures generally include a plurality of devices interconnected by one or more various buses. For example, modern computer systems typically include a CPU coupled through bridge logic to main memory. The bridge logic also typically couples to a high bandwidth local expansion bus or system expansion bus, such as the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VL bus. Examples of devices which can be coupled to local expansion buses include video accelerator cards, audio cards, telephony cards, SCSI adapters, network interface cards, etc. An older type expansion bus is generally coupled to the local expansion bus for compatibility. Examples of such expansion buses included the industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, also referred to as the AT bus, the extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, or the microchannel architecture (MCA) bus. Various devices may be coupled to this second expansion bus, including a fax/modem, sound card, etc. Personal computer systems were originally developed for business applications such as word processing and spreadsheets, among others. However, computer systems are currently being used to handle a number of real time applications, including multimedia applications having video and audio components, video capture and playback, telephony applications, and speech recognition and synthesis, among others. These real time applications typically require a large amount of system resources and bandwidth. One problem that has arisen is that computer systems originally designed for business applications are not well suited for the real-time requirements of modern multimedia applications. For example, modern personal computer system architectures still presume that the majority of applications executing on the computer system are non reai-time business applications such as word processing and/or spreadsheet applications, which execute primarily on the main CPU. In general, computer systems have not traditionally been designed with multimedia hardware as part of the system, and thus the system is not optimized for multimedia applications. Rather, multimedia hardware is typically designed as an add-in card for optional insertion in an expansion bus of the computer system, wherein the expansion bus is designed for non-realtime applications. In many cases, multimedia hardware cards situated on an expansion bus do not have the required system bus bandwidth or throughput for multimedia data transfers. For example, a multimedia hardware card situated on the PCI expansion bus must first arbitrate for control of the PCI bus before the device can begin a data transfer or access the system memory In addition, since the computer system architecture is not optimized for multimedia, multimedia hardware devices are generally required to share bus usage with non-real time devices Also, multimedia hardware devices generally do not make efficient usage of system resources As an example, multimedia hardware cards typically include theu- own memory in addition to system memory For example, video accelerator cards are typically configured with one to four Megabytes of video RAM Audio cards, video capture cards, and other multimedia cards are also generally configured with dedicated on-board memory This requirement of additional memory adds undesirable cost to the system As multimedia applications become more prevalent, multimedia hardware will correspondingly become essential components in personal computer systems Therefore, an improved computer system architecture is desired which is optimized for real-time multimedia and communications apphcations as well as for non-realtime applications In addition, improved methods are desired for transferring real-time data between multimedia devices Applicant is aware of two new graphics standards from the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) which are designed to improve digital video transfers in computer systems These two standards are referred to as the VESA advanced feature connector (VAFC) and the VESA media channel (VMC) A third standard has been proposed by Intel and ATI referred to as the shared frame buffer interconnect (SFBI) The VAFC standard is a 32 bit replacement for prior 8 bit VGA connectors which supports video at much higher resolutions and in better color The VMC standard also offers a 32 data path and supports up to 15 video streams simultaneously The VMC standard comprises a dedicated channel for real-time video, and peripherals can communicate independently without slowing the system CPU The VMC standard also decouples the memory subsystem from the video transfer specification, allowing graphics board manufacturers to offer a variety of boards with differing types of graphics memory The SFBI standard combines frame buffers and memory use by each multimedia system into a single shared memory pool The SFBI standard also includes a protocol for arbitrating among devices attempting to access the memory However, one drawback to this standard is that the standard is designed to maintain all of the components on a single board The SFBI standard does not provide an external feature connector unless SFBI cards are connected to another over the host bus In addition, SFBI cards can include a VMC or VAFC connector for connecting to a VMC or VAFC card Summary of the Invention The present invention comprises a computer system and method optimized for real-time applications which provides increased performance over current computer architectures The system preferably includes a standard local expansion bus or system bus, such as the PCI bus, and also includes a dedicated real-time bus or multimedia bus Thus multimedia devices, such as video devices, audio devices, etc , as well as communications devices, transfer real-time data through a separate bus without requiring arbitration for or usage of the PCI bus The computer system of the present invention thus provides much greater performance for real-time applications than prior systems. In an alternate embodiment, the computer system only includes one or more dedicated real-time buses which replace the PCI bus. In the preferred embodiment, the computer system comprises a CPU coupled through chip set or bridge iogic to main memory. The bridge logic couples to a local bus such as the PCI bus. The computer system also includes a real-time expansion bus or multimedia bus for transferring real-time or multimedia data. A plurality of multimedia devices, such video devices, audio devices, MPEG encoders and/or decoders, and/or communications devices, are coupled to each of the PCI bus and the multimedia bus. In one embodiment, the multimedia bus transfers only periodic stream data, such as audio data at 44,100 samples per second, video data at 30 frames per second, or real-time communication streams at rates dependent on the transport media. The computer system preferably includes a plurality of PCI expansion bus connector slots connected to the PCI bus for receiving add-in devices, and also preferably comprises one or more multimedia bus connector slots corresponding to respective ones of the PCI expansion bus connector slots. Thus, in one embodiment, the PCI bus and the multimedia bus are comprised on the motherboard and include respective connector slots for receiving add-in cards. Multimedia device expansion cards each include two connectors which correspond to the PCI bus and the multimedia bus. Alternatively, the multimedia devices are comprised directly on the motherboard and connect directly to the PCI bus and the multimedia bus, and connector slots are not used. In one embodiment, the multimedia bus comprises primarily or only data lines. In this embodiment, control information for the periodic stream transfers is transferred on the PCI bus by a sourcing device, or is transferred by the CPU to the bridge logic. Thus multimedia data transfers initially involve the transfer of control or setup information on the PCI bus, or transfer of control or setup information by the CPU, to set up the transfer. This transfer of control information is followed by the transfer of the periodic data streams on the multimedia bus. Alternatively, once control/setup information has been used to set up the transfer, the periodic data stream may occupy both the PCI data lines and the multimedia bus for increased data throughput. In this embodiment, the transferring or source device transfers a multiple bus transfer request which requests simultaneous transfers on both the PCI bus and the multimedia bus. If the multiple bus transfer request is accepted, then the source device transfers data on both the PCI bus and the multimedia bus. The present invention further includes an improved method for transferring periodic data streams on a bus in the computer system, such as periodic video streams or periodic audio streams. According to this method, the transferring device first transmits addressing and control information to set up the transfer. The transferring device then transmits a periodic transfer data request to the receiving device. The periodic transfer data request includes information regarding the frequency and amount of the periodic transfers. The receiving device determines if it can guarantee availability at the periodic time frequencies requested by the transferring device. If the receiving device indicates availability for the periodic transfers, the transferring device sets a periodic transfer flag. The transferring device then performs the periodic transfers to the receiving device at the specified time frequency. If the receiving device does not indicate availability for the periodic transfers, the transferring device performs only a single transfer and is required to transfer control information at the beginning of each subsequent periodic transfer. In a second embodiment, the computer system includes a dedicated control channel separate from the PCI bus and the multimedia bus for transferring control information for multimedia bus data transfers. The control channel is preferably a serial bus Alternatively, the control channel is a 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit bus Thus a multimedia data transfer initially involves the transfer of control information on the dedicated control channel followed by the transfer of the periodic data streams on the multimedia bus In a third embodiment, the multimedia bus comprises separate channels for different data types In the preferred embodiment, the computer system includes a first video data channel for transferring video and/or graphics information, a second audio channel for transferring audio information, and optionally a third channel for transferring communications information The video channel is preferably 32 bits, 24 bits, or 16 bits Alternatively, the video channel is an 8-bit bus or a very high speed serial bus The audio channel is preferably 16 bits or 8 bits Alternatively, the audio channel is also a 32-bit bus or a very high speed serial bus The communications channel is also preferably either 16 or 8 bits This third embodiment may use the PCI bus for control information transfers, or may use a separate control channel separate from the PCI bus and the multimedia bus for transferring control information for the periodic stream transfers In a fourth embodiment, each multimedia device has a high speed link directly to system memory, which is preferably single or multiple ported memory These individual links are preferably high speed seπal interconnects but, alternatively, may be 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bιt, 32-bit, 64-bιt or any combination thereof In this embodiment, intelligent buffering is preferably implemented within the core logic, and arbitration for access to mam memory is preferably implemented within the core logic Each of the multimedia devices uses its dedicated memory data channel to perform data accesses and transfers directly to the main memory, bypassing PCI bus arbitration and PCI bus cycles Alternatively, each of the multimedia devices includes a high speed memory channel directly to the memory controller in the core logic for accessing system memory In a fifth embodiment, the multimedia bus is time sliced wherein time slices or time slots are allocated in proportion to the required bandwidth In one embodiment, the time slices are each a constant size and a number of the equal sized time slots are allocated to respective data streams in proportion to the required bandwidth In this embodiment, for example, video data streams may be allocated more time slots than audio data streams because of the increased data transfer band width requirements of video streams Alternatively, the time slots are not equally sized, but rather are dynamically sized or allocated to data streams in proportion to the required bandwidth In a sixth embodiment, multimedia devices that connect to the multimedia bus include intelligent controller circuitry which includes knowledge of the respective time slice allocated to the multimedia device In this embodiment, arbitration for the multimedia bus is not required Rather, a multimedia device which is a transmitter of video data monitors the bus and includes controller circuitry which begins transmitting the video data when the device's respective time slot occurs A corresponding receiver device also knows that the current time slot is a video time slot and monitors the bus to receive the data In this embodiment, the interface circuitry of each of the multimedia devices are programmed at boot time for a static allocation of time slots Alternatively, the interface circuitry tn the multimedia devices is dynamically programmed by a central controller dependent upon the mix of real-time processes and applications and the corresponding data transfer bandwidth requirements For example, the CPU may program each of the multimedia devices with a respective time slot at power-on Alternatively, the CPU dynamically or heuπstically allocates time slot based on bandwidth requirements In one embodiment of the invention, the computer system includes a centralized multimedia I/O processor which operates to direct or "pull" data stream information through the system The multimedia I/O processor is programmed with knowledge of the various data rates, data periodicity, data sources and destinations, and coordinates all transfers within the system Thus, the multimedia I/O processor creates connections between two or more devices and sets up transfers between devices The centralized multimedia I/O processor of the present invention may be used exclusively in the multimedia bus or may be used on a standard PCI bus In one embodiment, the centralized multimedia I/O processor byte slices the multimedia bus to allow different data streams to use different byte channels simultaneously Thus the byte sliced multimedia bus allows different peripherals to share the bus simultaneously The centralized multimedia I/O processor thus may assign one data stream to a subset of the total byte lanes on the multimedia bus, and fill the unused byte lanes with another data stream For example, with a 32-bit multimedia bus, if an audio data stream is only 16 bits wide and thus only uses half of the multimedia data bus, the multimedia bus intelligently allows data stream transfers on the unused bits of the bus In this embodiment, the centralized multimedia I/O processor includes knowledge of the destinations and allows transfers to occur without addressing information In one embodiment of the invention, the computer system includes a multimedia memory coupled to each of the PCI local expansion bus and the real-time bus One or more multimedia devices may be coupled to the PCI local expansion bus and the real-time bus Each of these devices accesses the multimedia memory to retrieve necessary code and data to perform respective operations The multimedia devices preferably include an arbitration protocol for accessing the multimedia memory using the real-time bus In one embodiment, the system bus (preferably PCI) implements a new mode of operation specifically for real-time transfers A signal (or signals) is used to indicate that the system bus should be placed in a special real time mode When not in special real time mode, the system bus operates as usual The real time mode is optimized for the transfer of high bandwidth real-time information Therefore, the present invention comprises a novel computer system architecture and method which provides one or more real-time or multimedia buses, optionally with a local expansion bus, to increase the performance of real-time peripherals and applications The multimedia bus of the present invention provides improved data transfers performance and throughput for real-time devices The various embodiments discussed above may be combined in various ways for optimum real-time and/or multimedia performance Brief Description of the Drawings A better understanding of the present invention can be obtamed when the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which Figure 1 is a block diagram of a computer system including a local expansion bus and a real-time bus or multimedia bus according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a block diagram of a multimedia device in the computer system of Figure 1 ; Figure 3 A is a flowchart diagram illustrating a multimedia bus transfer which uses the PCI bus for control and addressing information; Figure 3B is a flowchart diagram illustrating a multimedia bus transfer which uses both the PCI bus data lines and the multimedia bus data lines for improved bandwidth; Figure 3C is a flowchart diagram illustrating a multimedia bus transfer optimized for periodic data transfers; Figure 4 is a block diagram of the motherboard of the computer system of Figure 1 ; Figure 5 illustrates a modular add-in card including a local expansion bus connector and a multimedia bus connector according to the present invention; Figure 6 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of the computer system of Figure 1 ; Figure 7 is a block diagram of a computer system including a local expansion bus and a real-time bus or multimedia bus and also including a dedicated control channel according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a block diagram of a multimedia device in the computer system of Figure 7; Figures 9A and 9B are flowchart diagrams illustrating multimedia bus transfers in the computer system of Figure 7; Figure 10 is a block diagram of a computer system including a local expansion bus and separate multimedia channels for video, audio, and communications; Figure 1 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the multimedia bus interface in the multimedia device of Figures 2 or 8 which includes time slot logic according to the present invention; Figure 12 illustrates various time slotting techniques; Figure 13 is a block diagram of a computer system including a local expansion bus and a real-time bus or multimedia bus and also including a centralized multimedia I/O processor; Figure 14 is a block diagram of the centralized multimedia I/O processor of Figure 13, Figure 14a is a flowchart diagram illustrating operation of the byte slicing logic; Figure 15 is a block diagram of a computer system including a local expansion bus and a real-time bus and including a multimedia memory according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 is a block diagram of the motherboard of the computer system of Figure 5, Figure 17 illustrates the address space of the main memory and the multimedia memory; Figure 18 is a flowchart diagram illustrating operation of data transfers from the main memory to the multimedia memory, Figure 19 is a block diagram of a computer system including a plurality of high speed memory channels for each peripheral device. Figure 20 is a block diagram of a multimedia device or multimedia device in the computer system of Figure 19, Figure 21 is a block diagram of a computer system having an expansion bus which includes a multimedia mode for high speed multimedia transfers; and Figure 22 is a block diagram of a multimedia device or multimedia device in the computer system of Figure 21 Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Incorporation by Reference PCI System Architecture by Tom Shanley and Don Anderson and available from Mindshare Press, 2202 Buttercup Dr., Richardson, TX 75082 (214) 231-2216, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety The Intel Peripherals Handbook, 1994 and 1995 editions, available from Intel Corporation, are hereby incoφorated by reference in their entirety. Also, data sheets on the Intel 82430FX PClset chipset, also referred to as the Triton chipset, are hereby incoφorated by reference in their entirety, mcluding the 82430 Cache Memory Subsystem data sheet (Order No. 290482-004), the 82420/82430 PClset ISA and EISA bridge data sheet (Order No.290483-004), and the Intel 82430FX PClset Product Bπef (Order No. 297559-001 ), all of which are available from Intel Coφoration, Literature Sales, P.O. Box 7641, Mt Prospect, IL 60056-7641 (1-800-879-4683), and all of which are hereby incoφorated by reference in their entirety The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) VESA advanced feature connector (VAFC) specification and the VESA media channel (VMC) specification are hereby incoφorated by reference in their entirety The Intel-ATI shared frame buffer interconnect (SFBI) specification is also hereby incoφorated by reference in its entirety The PCI Multimedia Design Guide Revision 1 0, dated March 29, 1994, as well as later revisions, are hereby incoφorated by reference in their entirety Computer System Block Diagram Referring now to Figure 1 , a block diagram of a computer system according to the present invention is shown As shown, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 102 which is coupled through a CPU local bus 104 to a host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 The chipset 106 includes various bridge logic and includes arbitration logic 107 The chipset 106 is preferably similar to the Triton chipset available from Intel Corporation, including certain arbiter modifications to accommodate the real-time bus of the present invention A second level or L2 cache memory (not shown) may be coupled to a cache controller in the chipset 106, as desired The bridge or chipset 106 couples through a memory bus 108 to main memory 1 10 The mam memory 1 10 is preferably DRAM (dynamic random access memory) or EDO (extended data out) memory, or other types of memory, as desired The chipset logic 106 preferably includes a memory controller for interfacing to the main memory 1 10 and also includes the arbitration logic 107 The chipset logic 106 preferably includes various peripherals, including an interrupt system, a real time clock (RTC) and timers, a direct memory access (DMA) system, and ROM/Flash memory (all not shown) Other peripherals (not shown) are preferably comprised in the chipset 106, mcludmg communications ports, diagnostics ports, command/status registers, and non-volatile static random access memory (NVSRAM) The host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 also interfaces to a local expansion bus or system bus 120 In the preferred embodiment, the local expansion bus 120 is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 120 However, it is noted that other local buses may be used, such as the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VL bus Various types of devices may be connected to the PCI bus 120 The computer system shown in Figure 1 also includes a real-time bus, also referred to as a multimedia bus 130 The multimedia bus 130 preferably includes a 32 or 64 bit data path and may also include address and control portions One or more multimedia devices or multimedia devices 142, 144, and 146 are coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and the multunedia bus 130 One or more multimedia devices may connect to the PCI bus 120 only The multimedia devices 142-146 mclude interface circuitry 170 which includes standard PCI mterface circuitry for communicatmg on the PCI bus 120 For devices which also connect to the multimedia bus, the mterface circuitry 170 in the multimedia devices 142-146 also mcludes mterface logic for interfacing to the multimedia bus 130 The multimedia devices 142-146 use the multimedia bus 130 to communicate data, preferably only periodic data, between the respective devices The multimedia devices 142-146 may be any of various types of input/output devices, mcluding multimedia devices and communication devices For example, the multimedia devices 142- 146 may comprise video accelerator or graphics accelerator devices, video playback devices, MPEG encoder or decoder devices, sound devices, network interface devices, SCSI adapters for interfacing to various input/output devices, such as CD-ROMS and tape dπves, or other devices as desired Thus, the multimedia devices 142-146 communicate with each other via the PCI bus 120 and also communicate with the CPU and mam memory 1 10 via the PCI bus 120, as is well known in the art The multimedia devices 142- 146 also communicate data between each other usmg the real-time bus or multimedia bus 130 When the multimedia devices 142- 146 communicate using the real-time bus 130, the devices are not required to obtain PCI bus mastership and they consume little or no PCI bus cycles Expansion bus bπdge logic 150 may also be coupled to the PCI bus 120 The expansion bus bπdge logic 150 interfaces to an expansion bus 152 The expansion bus 152 may be any of varying types, including the industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, also referred to as the AT bus, the extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus. or the microchannel architecture (MCA) bus Various devices may be coupled to the expansion bus 152, such as expansion bus memory or a modem (both not shown) Multimedia Devices Referring now to Figure 2, a block diagram is shown illustrating one of the multimedia devices 142 - 146, such as multimedia device 142 As shown, the multimedia device 142 includes interface logic 170 compπsmg PCI interface circuitry 172 for communicating on the PCI bus 120 and also including multimedia bus interface logic 174 for interfacing to the multimedia bus 130 The multimedia device 142 also may mclude a digital signal processor (DSP) 210 or other hardware circuitry for implementing a multimedia or communications function Each of the multimedia devices 142 - 146 preferably includes the interface logic 170, as shown in Figure 2 The multimedia devices 142 - 146 preferably use the multimedia or real-time bus 130 only for high speed data transfers of real-time stream data information in one embodiment the multimedia bus 130 transfers only periodic stream data, i e , data streams which require periodic transfers for multimedia or communication puφoses Examples of periodic data include audio data, which is typically transmitted at 44, 100 samples per second, video data, which is typically transmitted at 30 frames per second, or real-time communication streams at rates dependent on the transport media In an alternate embodiment, the multimedia bus 130 is used for any of vaπous types of multimedia or communications data transfers, including both periodic and aperiodic data In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the multimedia bus 130 includes pπmaπly or only data Imes, such as a 32 bit or 64 bit data path, and does not include address or arbitration portions As discussed above with reference to Figure 2, the multimedia devices 142 - 146 each include interface logic 170 which mcludes PCI interface logic 172 and which aiso mcludes multimedia bus interface logic 174 In one embodiment of the invention, the mterface logic 170 in each of the multimedia devices 142 - 146 uses the PCI bus 120 for addressmg and control for transfers on the multimedia bus 130 Thus the multimedia devices 142 - 146 use the multimedia or real-time bus 130 only for high speed data transfers Thus, in mis embodiment, the multimedia bus mterface logic 174 mcludes only data signal pins for interfacing to the data Imes comprising the multimedia bus 130 Figure 3A - Flowchart Diagram Referring now to Figure 3 A, a flowchart diagram illustrating operation of a multimedia data transfer according to this embodiment of the present invention is shown When a multimedia device such as device 142 desires to perform a transfer, in step 302 the PCI mterface logic 172 in the transferrmg device transfers control information on the PCI bus 120 to set up the transfer This involves providing an address indicating the destination address of the transfer as well as control and status information regarding the length of the transfer, among other status information The transferring device provides the control information to the respective destination device Thus the transferring device essentially acts as a PCI bus master in setting up the multimedia transfer The transferring device also preferably provides a special multimedia transfer flag or data byte to the receiving device which informs the receiving device that the upcoming transfer is not a PCI bus transfer, but rather is a multimedia bus transfer It is noted that the transferring device may first be required to arbitrate for control of the PCI bus 120 Once the transfer has been set up on the PCI bus 120 in step 302, then in step 304 the transferring device performs the data transfer on the multimedia bus 130 to the receiving or target device Also, once the transfer has been set up on the PCI bus 120 in step 302, then the PCI bus 120 is free for other types of transfers Alternatively, the CPU 102 initiates the transfer by providing transfer information to the chipset 106 The chipset 106 then either directs the transfer or provides the transfer information to the save and distortion devices Figure 3B - PCI/Multimedia Bus Transfer Referring now to Figure 3B, in one embodiment the transferring device may also provide a high bandwidth PCI / multimedia transfer flag or data byte to the receiving device which informs the receiving device that the upcoming transfer will occupy the data lines of both the PCI bus and the multimedia bus simultaneously This type of transfer is preferably reserved for very high bandwidth transfers, such as full¬ screen, full motion video at 30 frames per second As shown, when a multimedia device such as device 142 desires to perform a transfer using both the PCI bus data lines and the multimedia bus data lines simultaneously, in step 312 the PCI mterface logic 172 in the transferring device transfers control information on the PCI bus 120 to the respective destination device to set up the transfer This involves providing an address indicating the destination address of the transfer as well as control and status information regarding the length of the transfer, among other status information In step 314 the transferrmg device provides a high bandwidth transfer flag on the PCI bus 120 to the respective destination device indicating that a dual bus transfer is desired In other words, the high bandwidth PCI / multimedia transfer flag indicates that the upcoming transfer will occupy the data Imes of both the PCI bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130 In step 316 the transferring device performs the data transfer on the data lines of both the PCI bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130 The transferring device preferably provides separate data blocks on each bus's data lines to allow the target device to properly collate the data Figure 3C - Periodic Data Transfers Referring now to Figure 3C, a flowchart diagram illustrating a data transfer method optimized for periodic transfers is shown This method minimizes the amount of addressing and control information required to be transferred by essentially using preset periodic burst transfers for the periodic data In this disclosure, the term "periodic data" refers to data streams which require transfers with a known periodicity and are typical of multimedia or communication processes Examples of periodic data include audio data, which is typically transmitted at 44,100 samples per second, video data, which is typically transmitted at 30 frames per second, or real-time communication streams at rates dependent on the transport media Periodic data can be buffered and transmitted in a burst, but the burst still has a known periodicity, e g where 100 audio samples are stored before a burst transfer, this results in a burst rate of 441 transfers per second As shown, if a multimedia device such as device 142 desires to transfer periodic data streams on the multimedia bus 130, in step 322 the PCI interface logic 172 in the multimedia device 142 first transfers control information on the PCI bus 120 to the receiving or target device As noted above, the control information comprises a destination address of the transfer, information regarding the length of the transfer and other status information In step 324 the transferring device provides a periodic data transfer request to the receiving device or target device This periodic data transfer request comprises a request for the multimedia device acting as the transmitter to periodically transfer a data stream to the receiving device at a predetermined frequency without requiring each individual transfer to be set up with control and addressing information This periodic data request is used for periodic data, such as audio data, which is periodically transferred corresponding to an audio sampling rate typically of 44, 100 samples per second, or for motion video transfers, which require a frame buffer transfer of 30 frames per second The periodic transfer request includes periodicity data indicating the period or frequency at which the device 142 is required to transfer the data, i e , the frequency at which the device will be transferring the data The periodic data transfer request also includes information regarding the approximate amount of data involved in the periodic transfers as well as any real-time constraint information In response to the transferring device transferring the periodic transfer request in step 324, the receiving device uses the received information to determine if it can guarantee availability at the requested time frequency to receive the data If the receiving device can guarantee availability for receiving this periodic data, then the receiving device preferably performs a handshake to indicate that the periodic data transfers can be performed The receiving device also preferably configures one or more timers or counters at the specified frequency to indicate when the receiving device should enable its buffers and transceivers to receive the periodic data on the bus In step 326, the transmitting multimedia device determines if the receiving device has indicated availability for the periodic transfer Thus, when the receiving device receives the periodic data transfer request in step 324, the receiving device determines if the receiving device can guarantee a certain bandwidth and availability at the designated time indicated by the periodic data transfer request If the receiving device cannot guarantee availability at the frequency or period specified by the periodic data transfer request, then the receiving device indicates that it is not available for periodic data transfers In this case, in step 332 the transmitting multimedia device sets the periodic transfer flag to no and in step 334 performs a single transfer In this instance, each future transfer of the peπodic data requires that step 322 be performed to transfer control and addressing information to the receiving device to set up the transfer If the receiving device indicates availability for the periodic data transfer in step 326, then in step 338 the transmitting multimedia device sets the periodic transfer flag to yes and in step 340 the transferring device begins the first of a plurality of peπodic transfers at the frequency or period specified in the periodic data transfer request in step 324 If the multimedia device 142 has indicated a desire to transfer periodic data streams on the multimedia bus 130, and the receiving device has indicated availability to perform the transfers, then multimedia device 142 performs periodic transfers of data streams to the receiving device In this instance, the receiving device has indicated that it can guarantee availability at the times required by the transmitting device Thus the receiving is available to receive each transfer of periodic data Figure 4 - Motherboard Referring now to Figure 4, a block diagram of motherboard 200 of the computer system of Figure 1 is shown As shown, the various devices and buses are preferably comprised on the motherboard 200 The motherboard 200 compπses the CPU 102, the chipset logic 106, the main memory 1 10, the PCI bus 120, and the real-time or multimedia bus 130 The motherboard 200 also includes a plurality of PCI bus connector slots 122 which are electrically connected to the PCI bus 120 The connector slots 122 are adapted for receiving a corresponding or matmg edge connector of an expansion card that is adapted for insertion into the PCI connector slots 122 The motherboard 200 also mcludes one or more multimedia bus connector slots 132 which are adapted to receive corresponding or mating edge connectors of expansion cards As shown, each of the multimedia bus connector slots 132 corresponds to a respective one of at least a subset of the PCI bus connector slots 122 In one embodiment, the motherboard 200 includes a first plurality of PCI bus connector slots 122 and a second lesser plurality of multimedia bus connector slots 132 In another embodiment, multunedia devices interconnected to both the PCI bus and the multimedia bus are implemented directly on the motherboard or on a separate daughter card Figure 5 - Expansion Card Referring now to Figure 5, an expansion card or add-in card 400 is shown, which comprises one of the multimedia devices 142-146 Therefore, in one embodiment, one or more of the multimedia devices 142-146 are comprised on modular expansion cards adapted for insertion mto respective slots of each of the real-time bus 130 and PCI bus 120 As shown, a PCI expansion card 400 according to the present invention mcludes a PCI bus connector 402 which is adapted for insertion mto a PCI expansion bus connector slot 122 for electrically couplmg to the PCI bus 120 The adapter card 400 also mcludes a real-time or multimedia bus connector 404 according to the present invention, which is adapted for insertion into connector slot 132 of the real-time bus 130 Thus, one or more of the multimedia devices 142-146 may be comprised on a modular expansion card 400 mcludmg PCI bus connector 402 and multimedia bus connector 404 This configuration allows for more modular and upgradeable expansion options m the computer system This also provides the benefits of a PCI local expansion bus coupled with a real-time or multimedia bus 130 for additional data bandwidth and multimedia real- time data transfer capabilities The multimedia device modular expansion card 400 is also backwards compatible with existing PCI multimedia devices For example, existing pπor art multimedia devices include PCI bus connector 402 but do not mclude a real-tune bus connector 404 These pπor art multimedia devices are simply inserted mto a respective PCI expansion slot 122, and the corresponding real-time connector slot 132 is not used for that respective PCI expansion slot 122 Thus, the computer system motherboard 200 shown in Figure 4 may receive pπor art multimedia devices or may receive new expansion cards 400 according to the present invention which mclude both a PCI bus connector 402 and real-time bus connector 404 Figure 6 - Alternate Embodiment Referring now to Figure 6, an alternate embodiment of the computer system of Figure 1 is shown In the embodiment of Figure 6, chipset logic 106A is connected to both the local expansion bus 120 as well as real-time bus 130A In this embodiment, the multimedia bus 130A may be different from the multimedia bus 130 shown in Figure 1 to accommodate CPU accesses through the chipset logic 106A to the real-time bus 130A, and also to accommodate peripheral device accesses through the real-time bus I30A and chipset logic 106 A to main memory 1 10 Also, multimedia devices 142 - 146 which are coupled to the PCI bus 120 and the real-time bus 130A in Figure 6 may be different from the multimedia devices 142 - 146 in Figure I to accommodate accesses through the real-time bus 130A to mam memory 1 10 Thus, in this embodiment, the chipset logic 106A can communicate directly to the PCI bus 120, and can also communicate directly with the real-time or multimedia bus 130 This facilitates operation of the CPU 102 communicating with the multimedia devices 142 - 146 through both the PCI bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130A In addition, one or more of the multimedia devices 142-146 can use the multimedia bus 130A to interface through the chipset logic 106A to the main memory 1 10 as desired Figure 7 - Computer System with Multimedia Bus and Separate Control Channel Referπng now to Figure 7, a computer system is shown which mcludes a multimedia bus 130 and a separate control channel 502 The computer system of Figure 7 is similar to the computer system of Figure I However, the computer system of Figure 7 includes a separate control channel 502 m addition to the PCI bus 120 and the real-time or multimedia bus 130 As described below, multunedia devices use the multimedia bus 130 for high speed data transfers and use the dedicated control channel for addressing and control for the multimedia bus transfers In the followmg descπption, elements which are preferably identical to elements previously described include the same reference numerals for convenience As shown, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 102 which is coupled through a CPU local bus 104 to a host/PCI/cache bπdge or chipset 106 The chipset 106 includes various bridge logic, peπpheral logic and arbitration logic 107, as described above with reference to Figure 1 The bπdge or chipset 106 couples through a memory bus 108 to mam memory 1 10 The mam memory 1 10 is preferably DRAM (dynamic random access memory) or EDO (extended data out) memory, or other types of memory, as desired The chipset logic 106 preferably includes a memory controller for interfacing to the mam memory 110 The host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 interfaces to a local expansion bus or system bus 120 In the preferred embodiment, the local expansion bus 120 is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 120 However, it is noted that other local buses may be used, such as the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VL bus Vaπous types of devices may be connected to the PCI bus 120 Expansion bus bπdge logic 150 and an expansion bus 152 may also be coupled to the PCI bus 120, as descnbed above The computer system shown m Figure 7 includes a real-time bus, also referred to as a multimedia bus 130 The multimedia bus 130 preferably includes a 32 or 64 bit data path and in this embodiment does not mclude address and control portions The computer system shown in Figure 7 further includes a dedicated control channel 502 separate from the PCI bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130 for transferring control information for multimedia bus data transfers The control channel 502 is preferably a serial bus such as the Philips I2C serial bus from Philips Coφ Alternatively, the control cnannel 502 is a 4-bit or 8-bit bus Thus a multimedia data transfer initially involves the transfer of control information on the dedicated control channel 502 followed by the transfer of data streams, preferably periodic data streams, on the multimedia bus 130 Alternatively, the control channel 502 may be integrated into the multimedia bus 130 as addressing, control and status lines The control channel 502 may be used to transfer interrupt, synchronization, and status commands and information One or more multimedia devices I42A, 144A, and I46A are coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130 The multimedia devices 142A-146A each include bus interface circuitry 512 which includes standard PCI interface circuitry for communicating on the PCI bus 120, interface logic for interfacing to the multimedia bus 130, and control channel interface logic for interfacing to the control channel 502 The multimedia devices 142A - 146A use the multimedia bus 130 to communicate data between the respective devices and use the control channel 502 for addressing and control of the multimedia bus 130 The multimedia devices 142A- I46A may be any of various types of input/output devices, including multimedia devices and communication devices, as described above The multimedia devices 142A-146A are preferably similar to the multimedia devices 142 - 146 described above, except that the interface logic 512 in the multimedia devices I42A-146A each include control channel interface logic, as described below As described above, the multunedia devices 142A - 146A may compπse video accelerator or graphics accelerator cards, video playback cards, MPEG decoder cards, sound cards, network interface cards, SCSI adapters for interfacing to vaπous input/output devices, such as CD-ROMS and tape drives, or other devices as desired Thus, the multimedia devices 142 A - 146A communicate with each other via the PCI bus 120 and also communicate with the CPU 102 and mam memory 110 via the PCI bus 120, as is well known in the art The multimedia devices 142 A - 146A also communicate data between each other usmg the real-time bus or multimedia bus 130 When the multimedia devices I42A - 146A communicate usmg the real-time bus 130, the devices use the control channel 502 for addressmg, control, status and handshaking signals Thus the devices 142 A - 146A do not utilize any PCI bus cycles when communicating over the multimedia bus 130 In the embodiment of Figure 7, arbitration logic 504 is coupled to me control channel 502 and performs arbitration for the devices 142A - 146A on the bus 130 Alternatively, arbitration logic 504 is incoφorated mto the PCI Bridge Chipset 106 In these embodiments, the multimedia devices 142 A - I46A provide request signals on the control channel 502 to the arbitration logic 504, and the arbitration logic 504 grants bus access according to a desired arbitration method Multimedia devices Referring now to Figure 8, a block diagram is shown illustrating one of the multimedia devices 142A - 146A, such as multimedia device 142 A As shown, the multunedia device 142 A mcludes mterface logic 512 comprising PCI mterface circuitry 522 for communicatmg on the PCI bus 120, multimedia bus interface logic 524 for interfacing to the multimedia bus 130, and also including control channel interface logic 526 for interfacing to the control channel 502 The multimedia device 142A also may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 210 or other hardware circuitry for implementing a multimedia or communications function Each of the multimedia devices 142A - I46A preferably includes the interface logic 512, as shown in Figure 8 The multimedia devices 142 A - 146 A preferably use the multimedia or real-time bus 130 only for high speed data transfers of real-time stream data information In one embodiment the multimedia bus 130 transfers only periodic stream data, I e , data streams which require periodic transfers for multimedia or communication puφoses, as described above Examples of periodic data include audio data, which is typically transmitted at 44, 100 samples per second, video data, which is typically transmitted at 30 frames per second, or real-time communication streams at rates dependent on the transport media In an alternate embodiment, the multimedia bus 130 is used for any of various types of multimedia or communications data transfers, including both periodic and aperiodic data In the embodiment shown in Figure 7. the multimedia bus 130 includes primarily data lines, such as a 32 bit or 64 bit data path, and does not include address or arbitration portions In this embodiment of the invention, each of the multimedia devices 142A - 146A uses the control channel 502 for addressmg and control for transfers on the multimedia bus 130 Thus the multimedia devices 142A - 146A use the multimedia or real-time bus 130 only for high speed data transfers Thus, in this embodiment, the multimedia bus interface logic 524 includes only data signal pins for interfacing to the data Imes compπsmg the multimedia bus 130 Aiso, PCI bus bandwidth is not affected by multimedia bus transfers Figure 9A - Flowchart Diagram Referring now to Figure 9A, a flowchart diagram is shown illustrating operation of a multimedia data transfer according to the embodiment of Figure 7 When a multimedia device 142 A desires to perform a transfer, in step 542 the control channel interface logic 526 in the transferring device transfers control information on the control channel 502 to set up the transfer This involves providing an address indicating the destination address of the transfer as well as control and status uifoimation regarding the length of the transfer, among other status information The transferring device provides the control information to the respective destination device Once the transfer has been set up on the control channel 502 m step 542, then in step 544 the transferring device performs the data transfer on the multimedia bus 130 to the receiving or target device During the entire transfer in steps 542 and 544, the PCI bus 120 is free for other types of transfers Figure 9B - Periodic Data Transfers Referring now to Figure 9B, a flowchart diagram illustrating a data transfer method optimized for periodic transfers is shown This method minimizes the amount of addressing and control handshaking and increases performance as described above by essentially using preset periodic burst transfers for the periodic data In this disclosure, the term "periodic data" refers to data streams which require transfers with a known periodicity and are typical of multimedia or communication processes Examples of periodic data include audio data, which is typically transmitted at 44,100 samples per second, video data, which is typically transmitted at 30 frames per second, or real-time communication streams at rates dependent on the transport media As shown, if the multimedia device 142 A desires to transfer periodic data streams on the multimedia bus 130, in step 552 the control channel mterface logic 526 in the multimedia device 142 first transfers control information on the control channel 502 to the arbitration logic 504 The control information preferably comprises arbitration information used by the arbitration logic 504 in determining who should receive control of the multimedia bus 130 the control information also includes a destination address of the transfer, information regarding the length of the transfer and other status information Once the requesting device has received control of the bus 130, in step 554 the transferring device provides a periodic data transfer request to the target device This periodic data transfer request may be transferred over the control channel 502 or the multimedia bus 130 As described above, the periodic data transfer request comprises a request for the multimedia device acting as the transmitter to periodically transfer a data stream to the receiving device at a predetermined frequency without requiring each individual transfer to be set up with control and addressing information This periodic data request is used for periodic data The periodic transfer request includes periodicity data indicating the period or frequency at which the transferring device is required to transfer the data, I e., the frequency at which the device will be transferrmg the data The periodic data transfer request also includes information regarding the approximate amount of data involved in the periodic transfers as well as any real-time constraint information In response to the transferring device transferring the periodic transfer request in step 554, the receiving device uses the received information to determine if it can guarantee availability at the requested time frequency to receive the data If the receiving device can guarantee availability for receiving this periodic data, then the receiving device preferably performs a handshake to indicate that the periodic data transfers can be performed The receiving device also preferably configures one or more timers or counters at the specified frequency to indicate when the receiving device should enable its buffers and transceivers to receive the periodic data on the bus 130 In step 556, the transmitting multimedia device determines if the receiving device has indicated availability for the periodic transfer Thus, when the receiving device receives the periodic data transfer request in step 554, the receiving device determines if the receiving device can guarantee a certain bandwidth and availability at the designated time indicated by the periodic data transfer request If the receiving device cannot guarantee availability at the frequency or period specified by the periodic data transfer request, then the receiving device indicates that it is not available for periodic data transfers In this case, in step 562 the transmitting multimedia device sets the peπodic transfer flag to no and in step 564 performs a single transfer In this instance, each future transfer of the periodic data requires that step 552 be performed to transfer control and addressing information to the receiving device to set up the transfer If the receiving device indicates availability for the periodic data transfer in step 556, then in step 558 the transmitting multimedia device sets the periodic transfer flag to yes and in step 560 the transferrmg device begins the first of a plurality of periodic transfers at the frequency or period specified in the periodic data transfer request in step 554 If the transferrmg device has indicated a desire to transfer periodic data streams on the multimedia bus 130, and the receiving device has indicated availability to perform the transfers, then the transferring device performs periodic transfers of data streams to the receiving device In this instance, the receiving device has mdicated that it can guarantee availability at the times required by the transmitting device Thus the receiving is available to receive each transfer of periodic data Figure 10 - Multimedia Channels Referring now to Figure 10, a computer system is shown which mcludes a plurality of individual multimedia channels for two or more of video data, audio data, and communication data The computer system of Figure 10 is similar to the computer systems of Figures 1 and 7 However, the computer system of Figure 10 does not include a single general puφose multunedia bus, but rather includes separate video, audio, and communications channels 602 - 606 These separate channels 602-606 may be in addition to the PCI bus 120, or may replace the PCI bus 120 In the following descπption, elements which are preferably identical to elements previously described include the same reference numerals for convenience As shown, the computer system includes a central processmg unit (CPU) 102 which is coupled through a CPU local bus 104 to a host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 The chipset 106 includes various bridge logic, peπpheral logic and arbitration logic 107, as described above with reference to Figure 1 The bridge or chipset 106 couples through a memory bus 108 to mam memory 1 10 The mam memory 1 10 is preferably DRAM (dynamic random access memory) or EDO (extended data out) memory, or other types of memory, as desired The chipset logic 106 preferably includes a memory controller for interfacing to the mam memory 1 10 The host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 interfaces to a local expansion bus or system bus 120 In the preferred embodiment, the local expansion bus 120 is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 120 However, it is noted that other local buses may be used Various types of devices may be connected to the PCI bus 120. Expansion bus bπdge logic 150 and an expansion bus 152 may also be coupled to the PCI bus 120, as descnbed above The computer system shown in Figure 10 mcludes a plurality of real-time data channels, including a video channel 602, an audio channel 604, and a communications channel 606 In the preferred embodiment, the video data channel 602 is used for transferring video and/or graphics information, the audio channel 604 is used for transferring audio information, and the optional third channel 606 is for transferring communications information The video channel is preferably 32 bits, 24 bits, 16 bits, or a high speed serial channel The audio channel is preferably 16 bits or 8 bits Alternatively, the audio channel is a very high speed serial bus The communications channel is also preferably either 16 or 8 bits, or a high speed serial bus Alternatively, the system shown in Figure 10 may include a mixture of dedicated (i e video only) and shared (i e audio and communications) channels The video, audio and communication channels are preferably physically and electrically separate channels The video, audio, and communication channels may each have individual addressing and control portions or may use the addressing and control portions of the expansion bus 120 One or more multimedia devices or multimedia devices I42B. 144B, and 146B are coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and to each of the data channels 602 - 606 The multimedia devices 142B - 146B preferably multiplex data onto the respective channels for reduced pinout requirements The multimedia devices 142B - 146B each include bus interface circuitry 612 which mcludes standard PCI interface circuitry for communicatmg on the PCI bus 120. and mterface logic for interfacing to each of the channels 602 - 606 The multunedia devices 142B - 146B use the respective channels 602 - 606 to communicate data of the respective data type between the respective devices As described above, the multimedia devices 142B - 146B may be any of vaπous types of input/output devices, mcludmg multimedia devices and communication devices, as descnbed above The multimedia devices 142B - 146B are preferably similar to the multimedia devices 142 - 146 described above, except that the interface logic 612 m each of the multimedia devices 142B - 146B includes channel mterface logic for each data channel 602 - 606 As described above, the multimedia devices 142B - I46B may comprise video accelerator or graphics accelerator cards, video playback cards, MPEG decoder cards, sound cards, network mterface cards, SCSI adapters for interfacing to various input/output devices, such as CD-ROMS and tape drives, or other devices as desired Thus, the multimedia devices 142B - 146B communicate with each other via the PCI bus 120 and aiso communicate with the CPU 102 and mam memory 1 10 via the PCI bus 120, as is well known in the art The multimedia devices 142B - 146B also communicate data between each other usmg the data channels 602 - 606 The multimedia devices 142B - 146B use each of these channels 602 - 606 for high speed data transfers The multimedia devices 142B - I46B use either the PCI bus 120 or a dedicated control channel (not shown) for addressmg and control for transfers on one or more of the data channels 602 - 606 In one embodiment of the system of Figure 10 which includes a control channel (not shown), as descnbed above with reference to Figure 7, arbitration logic 614 is coupled to each of the data channels 602 - 606 and the control channel and performs arbitration for the devices 142B - 146B on the channels 602 - 606 In this embodiment, the multimedia devices 142B - 146B provide request signals on the control channel to the arbitration logic 614, and the arbitration logic 614 grants channel access according to a desired arbitration method Figure 1 1 - Multunedia Bus Interface with Timeslotting Logic Referring again to Figures 1 and 7, in one embodiment the multimedia bus 130 is time sliced wherein time slices or time slots are allocated in proportion to the required bandwidth In this embodiment, the multimedia devices, such as the multimedia devices 142 shown in Figure 2 or 142 A shown in Figure 8 include tune slotting logic Referring now to Figure 1 1, logic components of a multimedia bus interface 174 comprised in the multimedia devices m this embodiment are shown Multimedia bus interface logic 174A shown in Figure 1 1 is preferably comprised in each of the multimedia devices comprised in the computer system, such as the multunedia devices 142-146 shown in Figure 1 or the multimedia devices 142A-146A shown in Figure 7 As shown, each multimedia bus mterface 174A m the device includes bus transceivers and buffers 642 for interfacing to the respective multimedia bus 130 The multimedia bus interface 174A also includes timeslotting logic 644 for controlling access of the respective multimedia device to the multimedia bus 130. The timeslotting logic 644 preferably uses one or more timers and counters 646 for determining respective timeslot. The multimedia bus interface logic 174A also includes programmable timeslot registers which are programmed by a central agent, such as the CPU 102. with the respective timeslot position and length on the multimedia bus. In one embodiment, the CPU 102 programs a timeslot into each of the multimedia devices at startup or boot time, thus providing a static allocation of timeslots. Alternatively, software executing on the CPU 102 dynamically programs timeslots in each of the multimedia devices dependent upon real-time processes and applications occurring in the computer system. The timeslotting logic 644 preferably includes synchronization logic which operates in conjunction with the timers and counters 646 and the programmable timesiot registers 648 storing the respective timeslot allocated to the respective device. The multimedia bus interface logic 174A further includes multimedia bus monitoring logic 650 for monitoring conditions on the bus and includes collision detection logic 652 for determining when a bus transfer from the respective multimedia device has inadvertently collided with another devices transfer. The multimedia bus monitoring logic 650 preferably insures that the multimedia bus 130 is inactive and has been inactive for a preset period of time before the timeslotting logic 644 allows the data transfer to begin. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 12A, the time slices are each a constant size and a number of the equal sized time slots are allocated to respective data streams in proportion to the required band width. In this embodiment, for example, video data streams may be allocated more time slots than audio data streams because of the increased data transfer band width requirements of video streams. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 12B, the time slots are not equally sized, but rather are dynamically sized or allocated to data streams in proportion to the required bandwidth and may be reprogrammable as conditions within the system change. In this embodiment, multimedia devices that connect to the multimedia bus include intelligent controller circuitry which includes knowledge of the respective time slice allocated to the multimedia device. In this embodiment, arbitration for the multimedia bus is not required. Rather, a multimedia device programmed as a transmitter of video data monitors the bus and includes controller circuitry which begins transmitting the video data when the device's respective time slot occurs. A corresponding device programmed as a receiver of said data also knows that the current time slot is a video time slot and monitors the bus to receive the data. In this embodiment, the interface circuitry of each of the multimedia devices are programmed at boot time for a static allocation of time slots. Alternatively, the interface circuitry in the multimedia devices is dynamically programmed by a central controller dependent upon the mix of real-time processes and applications and the corresponding data transfer bandwidth requirements. For example, the CPU may program each of the multimedia devices with a respective time slot at power-on. Alternatively, if the mix of real-time processes change, the CPU may dynamically or heuristicaily allocate time slots based on bandwidth requirements. Figure 13 - Centralized I/O Processor Referring now to Figure 13, an alternate embodiment of the computer system of Figure I is shown. This computer system shown in Figure 13 is preferably similar or identical to the system shown in Figure 1 except that the system shown in Figure 13 includes a dedicated multimedia I/O processor 702 coupled to the multimedia bus 130 which controls operations on the multimedia bus 130 The I/O Processor 702 is preferably implemented within the PCI Bπdge Chipset 106, but may alternatively be implemented external to the chipset as shown in Figure 13 In this embodiment of the invention, the centralized multimedia I/O processor operates to direct or "pull" data stream information through the system The multimedia I/O processor 702 is programmed with knowledge of the vaπous data rates, data periodicity, data sources and destinations, and coordinates all transfers within the system Thus, the multimedia I/O processor 702 creates connections between two or more devices, sets up transfers between devices, and (optionally) executes the transfer The centralized multimedia I/O processor 702 of the present invention may be used exclusively in the multimedia bus 130 or may be used on a standard PCI bus 120 Alternatively, the centralized multimedia I/O processor 702 may couple to both the expansion bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130 and control operations on both buses Referring now to Figure 14, a block diagram illustrating the multimedia I/O controller 702 shown in Figure 13 is shown As shown, the multimedia I/O processor includes a plurality of data bus registers and/or a data bus memory which stores information regarding the data rates of each the devices, the data periodicity of each of the devices, and the respective data sources and destination devices comprised in the system The multimedia I/O device 702 also includes data transfer control logic 7 14 which is coupled to the data bus registers and controls transfers on the multimedia bus 130 The multimedia I/O processor 702 further includes byte slicing logic 716 Byte Slicing In one embodiment, the centralized multimedia I/O processor 702 byte slices the multimedia bus 130 and/or the expansion bus 120 to allow different data streams to use different byte channels simultaneously In this embodiment, the multimedia bus 130 includes a plurality of data channels, preferably data byte lanes or channels, which may be used by different multimedia devices concurrently Thus, a first data stream is transferred on a first one or more data byte channels substantially concurrently with a second data stream being transferred on a second one or more data byte channels Thus, where a first multimedia device 142 generates a first data stream and a second multimedia device 144 generates a second data stream, the byte slicing logic 716 assigns the first data stream to a first one or more data byte channels and assigns the second data stream to a second one or more data byte channels In this case, the first multimedia device 142 generates the first data stream on the first one or more data byte channels substantially concurrently with the second multimedia device 144 generating the second data stream on the second one or more data byte channels Thus the byte sliced multimedia bus allows different peripherals to share the bus simultaneously The byte slicing logic 716 in the centralized multimedia I/O processor 702 thus may assign one data stream to a subset of the total byte lanes on the multimedia bus 130, and fill the unused byte lanes with another data stream For example, with a 32-bιt multimedia bus, if an audio data stream is only 16 bits wide and thus only uses half of the multimedia data bus 130 , the multimedia I/O processor 702 intelligently allows data stream transfers on the unused bits of the multimedia bus 130 In one embodiment, the centralized multimedia I/O processor 702 preferably includes knowledge of the destinations and allows transfers to occur without addressing information In this embodiment, the input/output processor 702 comprises a memory for storing data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multimedia devices, and the input/ouφut processor 702 operates to selectively and dynamically assign data streams on selected ones of the data byte channels comprising the respective multimedia bus 130 and/or expansion bus 120 using the data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multimedia devices In this embodiment where a plurality of multimedia devices are coupled to the multimedia bus 130 and/or to the expansion bus 120, and wherein each of the multimedia devices perform operations on the multimedia bus 130 and/or the expansion bus 120, the byte slicing logic 716 operates to selectively and/or dynamically assign data streams on selected ones of the data byte channels comprising the respective bus It is noted that the byte slicing logic 716 may be comprised in the centralized multimedia I/O processor 702 or may be comprised in the bridge logic 106 Further, the byte slicing logic 716 may byte slice either or both of the multimedia bus 130 and/or the expansion bus 120 Referring now to Figure 14a, the present invention also contemplates a method for transferring data on a bus in a computer system using byte slicing techniques This method presumes a computer system similar to that shown in Figure 13, wherein the computer system comprises a multimedia bus 130 and/or an expansion bus 120 including a plurality of data byte channels for transmitting data, and a plurality of multimedia devices are coupled to the multimedia bus, wherein each of said multimedia devices perform operations on said multimedia bus 130 and/or expansion bus 120 As shown, in step 722, a first multimedia device generates a signal indicating a transfer of a first stream of data In step 724, a second multimedia device generates a signal indicating a transfer of a second stream of data In step 726 the byte slicing logic 716 assigns the first stream of data to a first one or more data byte channels of the respective bus, I e , either the multimedia bus 130 and/or the expansion bus 120 In step 728 the byte slicing logic 716 assigns the second stream of data to a second one or more data byte channels of the respective bus, I e , either the multimedia bus 130 and/or the expansion bus 120 It is noted that the first data stream is transferred on the first one or more data byte channels substantially concurrently with the second data stream being transferred on the second one or more data byte channels Figure 15 - Multimedia Memory Embodiment Referring now to Figure 15, a block diagram of the computer system accordmg to an alternate embodiment of the present mvention and mcluding a multimedia memory 160 is shown The computer system of Figure 15 is similar to the computer system of Figure 1 However, the computer system of Figure 15 ιncludes a multimedia memory 160 coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and to the real-time bus 130 In the following description, elements which are preferably identical to elements previously descnbed mclude the same reference numerals for convenience As shown, the computer system mcludes a central processing unit (CPU) 102 which is coupled through a CPU local bus 104 to a host/PCI/cache bπdge or chipset 106B The chipset 106B mcludes arbitration logic 107B accordmg to the present mvention The chipset 106B is preferably similar to the Triton chipset available from Intel Coφoration, including certain arbiter modifications to accommodate the real-time bus 130 and the multimedia memory 160 of the present mvention A second level or L2 cache memory (not shown) may be coupled to a cache controller in die chipset, as desired The bndge or chipset 106B couples through a memory bus 108 to mam memory 1 10 The mam memory 110 is preferably DRAM (dynamic random access memory) or EDO (extended data out) memory, or other types of memory, as desired The chipset logic 106B preferably includes a memory controller for interfacing to the mam memory 110 and also includes the arbitration logic 107B The chipset logic 106B preferably includes a direct memory access (DMA) system or engme 164 which performs various DMA operations The chipset logic 106B preferably includes other various peripherals, as described above with reference to figure 1 The host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106B interfaces to a local expansion bus 120 In the preferred embodiment, the local expansion bus 120 is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 120 However, it is noted that other local buses may be used, such as the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VL bus Vaπous types of devices may be connected to the PCI bus 120 The computer system shown m Figure 15 also includes a real-time bus, also referred to as a multimedia bus 130 The real-time bus 130 preferably includes a 32 or 64 bit data path and may also include address and control portions The real-time bus 130 may be identical to either the real-time bus 130 shown in Figure 1 or the real-time bus 130A shown in Figure I Alternatively, the real-time bus 130 includes various address and control signals for accessing the multimedia memory 160 Multimedia memory 160 is coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and the real-tune bus 130 In the embodiment of Figure 15, the multimedia memory 160 is preferably dual ported memory In this embodiment, a first port of the memory 160 couples to the PCI bus 120 The second port of the multimedia memory 160 couples to the real-time bus 130 The multimedia memory 160 preferably comprises high speed dual ported VRAM (video random access memory), dual ported DRAM (dynamic random access memory), SRAM (static random access memory), or another type of memory as desired The computer system preferably mcludes a dual port DRAM memory controller 162 for controlling the dual port memory functions of the multimedia memory 160 For more information on the operation of a dual port memory controller, please see the Intel 8207 Dual-Port Dynamic RAM Controller Data Sheet (Order No 210463-007), available from Intel Coφoration, which is hereby incoφorated by reference In the preferred embodiment, the real-time bus 130 includes only a 32 bit or 64 bit data path and does not include address or arbitration portions In one embodiment, devices use the PCI bus 120 for arbitration, addressing and setup, and devices use the multimedia or real-time bus 130 for high speed data transfers between each other and also to/from the multimedia memory 160 Thus, in one embodiment, devices use die PCI bus 120 to provide addressing and control signals to the multimedia memory 160 and use the multimedia or real-time bus 130 for high speed data transfers to and from the multimedia memory 160 One or more multimedia devices 142C, I44C, and 146C are coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and the real-time bus 130 The multimedia devices I42C - 146C mclude standard PCI mterface circuitry for communicatmg on the PCI bus 120 The multimedia devices 142C - 146C also mclude interfaces to the real-time bus 130 The multimedia devices 142C - 146C use the real-time bus 130 to communicate data between the respective devices As descnbed above, one or more of the multimedia devices 142C - 146C may be compnsed on modular expansion cards adapted for insertion mto respective slots of each of the real-time bus 130 and PCI bus 120 One or more of die multimedia devices 142C - 146C may be implemented directly on the motherboard or on a custom circuit card plugged mto the motherboard In one embodiment, arbitration logic 151 is coupled to the real-tune bus 130 and performs arbitration for the devices 142C - 146C on the bus 130 In this embodiment, the multimedia devices 142C - 146C provide request signals on the real-tune bus 130, and the arbitration logic 151 grants bus access according to a desired arbitration method Alternatively, the arbitration logic 151 is not included, and the multimedia devices 142C - 146C use the PCI bus arbitration to gam control of the real-time bus 130 The multimedia devices 142C - 146C may be any of vanous types of input/output devices, mcludmg multimedia devices and communication devices For example, the multimedia devices 142C - 146C may comprise video accelerator or graphics accelerator cards, video playback cards, MPEG decoder cards, sound cards, network interface cards, SCSI adapters for interfacing to vaπous mput/output devices, such as CD-ROMs and tape drives, or other devices as desired Thus, the multunedia devices 142C - I46C communicate with each other via the PCI bus 120 and communicate with the CPU and main memory 1 10 via the PCI bus 120, as is well known in the art The multimedia devices 142C - 146C also communicate data between each other and the multimedia memory 160 usmg the real-time bus or multimedia bus 130 When the multunedia devices 142C - 146C communicate using the real-time bus 130, the devices are not required to obtain PCI bus mastership and they do not consume PCI bus cycles In one embodiment, the multimedia devices 142C - I46C communicate with the multimedia memory 160 using either or bom of the real-time bus 130 and the PCI bus 120 Expansion bus bπdge logic (not shown) may also be coupled to the PCI bus 120 The expansion bus bπdge logic interfaces to a secondary expansion bus (also not shown) The expansion bus may be any of varying types, including the industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, also referred to as the AT bus, the extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, or the microchannel architecture (MCA) bus Various devices may be coupled to the expansion bus, such as expansion bus memory or a modem (both not shown) In the embodiment of Figure 15, each of the multimedia devices I42C - 146C mclude PCI interface logic for coupling to the PCI bus 120 and also include real-time bus mterface logic for interfacing to the real-time bus 130 Each of the multimedia devices 142C - 146C also include arbitration logic for gaming control of the real-time bus 130 and further mclude logic which gams access to the multimedia memory 160 Thus, each of the multimedia devices 142C - 146C can gain control of the real-time bus 130 and access the multimedia memory 160 to retrieve desired code and data In the embodiment of Figure 15, the multimedia memory 160 is mapped to the mam memory address space and thus compπses a portion of the mam memory address space, as shown in Figure 17 Thus the multimedia memory 160 is available to store non-multimedia data as needed In other words, if the mam memory 1 10 becomes full and additional memory is needed, the CPU 102 can store code and data in the multimedia memory 160 Thus, in the embodiment the multimedia memory 160 is used for real-tune or multimedia data and is also used by the CPU 102 as overflow memory space In the embodiment shown in Figure 15, one or more of the multunedia devices 142C - 146C includes at least one DSP engme 210 which preferably performs a multimedia or communications function, such as video and audio processing functions In the preferred embodiment, the DSP engme 210 is a general puφose DSP engme that is programmable to perform either video or audio processing functions as well as other real-time functions. In one embodiment, the DSP engine 210 includes one or more ROMs or RAMs which store microcode or instructions corresponding to video and audio processing instructions or commands. When programmed as a graphics accelerator, the DSP engine 210 preferably performs video and graphics functions such as polygon rendering and texture mapping, among others. When programmed as a sound card, the DSP engine 210 preferably performs audio functions such as MIDI and wavetable synthesis, among others. The DSP engine 210 may also be programmed to perform communication functions, such as ISDN connectivity or modem functionality, as desired. In another embodiment, the DSP engine is not a general puφose DSP engine but is instead a device that is optimized for the performance of one or more multimedia or communications functions. In the embodiment shown in Figure 15, the chipset 106B preferably includes DMA transfer engine 164 which performs data transfers between the main memory 110 and the multimedia memory 160. The DMA transfer engine 164 preferably transfers data from the main memory 1 10 to the multimedia memory 160 contemporaneously with operations performed by the one or more multimedia devices 142C - 146C. In one embodiment, the multimedia memory 160 is partitioned into two or more separate address spaces or buffers, and the DMA engine 164 transfers data from main memory 1 10 to a first address space or buffer in the multimedia memory 160 while one of the multimedia devices 142C - 146C accesses commands and data from the other address space or buffer. As mentioned above, the main memory 1 10 and the multimedia memory 160 preferably share a common address space. Figure 17 illustrates the main memory address space, wherein the multimedia memory 160 comprises part of the main memory address space. Thus the multimedia memory 160 is available to store non- multimedia data as needed. In this embodiment, each of the multimedia devices 142C - 146C and CPU 102 must also arbitrate for access to the multimedia memory 160. The multimedia devices I42C - 146C preferably have priority access to the multimedia memory 160. in one embodiment, a multimedia device simply writes one or more bits to a register in the arbitration logic 107B in the chipset 106B to gain control of the multimedia memory 160, and the CPU 102 is only granted access to the multimedia memory 160 after a certain starvation period. Multimedia Memory - System Operation Figure 18 is a flowchart diagram illustrating operation of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment, the main memory 110 stores the operating system and applications software as well as driver software, including video drivers and audio drivers. The CPU 102 executes applications software and driver software from the main memory 1 10 and generates real-time or multimedia data. In the present disclosure, the term "multimedia data" refers to video or graphical data, audio data, telephony data, and other types of real-time or communication data. When an application executing on the CPU 102 generates multimedia data, the CPU 102 preferably transfers or writes the multimedia data to the main memory 1 10 in step 502. The multimedia data includes data and may include one or more commands that perform operations on the data. In an alternate embodiment, the CPU 102 provides the multimedia data directly to the multimedia memory 160 through the PCI bus 120, and operation proceeds directly to step 512. In this embodiment, the CPU 102 provides the multimedia data through the PCI bus 120 directly to the multimedia memory 160, and the multimedia devices I42C - 146C access commands and data from the multimedia memory 160 through the multimedia bus 130 After the CPU 102 preferably wntes the multimedia data to the main memory 1 10 m step 502, the CPU 102 then provides a data structure directly to the DMA engine 164 in the chipset logic 106B in step 504 The data structure comprises location mformation regardmg the multimedia data, including the begmnmg address of the data, the length or number of bytes of the data, as well as other mformation Alternatively, the CPU 102 provides the data structure to buffers withm the DMA engme 164 The data structure may also include high level instructions or commands regardmg the nature or pmpose of the data In step 506 the DMA engme 164 prioritizes the data structure with other real-time data structures that have already been received Thus the DMA engme 164 intelligently prioritizes received multunedia data structures based on a desired pnonty scheme and the available resources Thus, the video and audio components of a multimedia presentation may receive a higher priority than a telephony application that can be performed in the background In an alternate embodiment, the DMA engme 164 does not prioritize received data structures or commands, but rather merely acts as a slave and executes received data structures in the order they are received In step 508 the DMA engine 164 arbitrates for access to the mam memory 1 10 This involves asserting a bus request signal to the arbitration logic 107B in the chipset 106B The DMA engine 164 may also provide a priority byte to the arbitration logic 107B which is used by the arbitration logic 107B in determining the arbitration Once the DMA engme 164 achieves access to mam memory 1 10, the DMA engine 164 uses the data structure received from the CPU 102 to access the real-time data from main memory 1 10 and store the data in the multimedia memory 160 in step 510 In one embodiment, the CPU 102 writes video or audio instructions or commands to the mam memory 1 10 in conjunction with the corresponding video and/or audio data In this embodiment, the CPU 102 writes only pomter information to the DMA engme 164 which points to the beginning address in mam memory 1 10 where the data and commands reside The pointer information includes the begmnmg address of the data, the length or number of bytes of the data, as well as other information in step 510 the DMA engme 164 uses the pointer information to retrieve the commands and data from main memory 1 10 into the multunedia memory 160 Once real-time or multimedia data and commands have been placed in the multunedia memory 160, either by the CPU 102 or retrieved from main memory 1 10, in step 512 one or more of the multunedia devices 142C - 146C read the commands and data from the multimedia memory 160 and in step 514 perform the necessary graphics and audio processing functions The respective multimedia device 142C - 146C then generates the appropriate video and audio signals to the video and audio ports in step 516 In one embodiment, the multimedia memory 160 is partitioned mto separate address spaces for commands and data, and the multimedia device retrieves commands from a first address space and retrieves data from a second address space The CPU 102 preferably writes video and/or audio commands and data to the mam memory 1 10 instead of directly to the multimedia memory 160 in order to minimize CPU accesses to the multimedia memory 160 This ensures that the multimedia devices 142C - 146C have full access to the multimedia memory 160 for real-tune processing Further, the multimedia devices 142C - 146C retrieve commands and data from the main memory 1 10 only when necessary, and the multimedia devices 142C - 146C are not "locked out" of the multimedia memory 160 due to CPU wntes to the multimedia memory 160 In an alternate embodiment, as mentioned above, the CPU 102 wntes video and/or audio data and commands directly to the multunedia memory 160 In this embodiment, the CPU 102 executes applications software and driver software from the mam memory 1 10 and wntes any associated video and audio data directly to the multimedia memory 160 The driver software also writes high level commands directly to the multimedia memory 160 Thus, the video drivers wnte high level commands to the multimedia memory 160 in a similar manner to current PCI-based graphics acceleration cards In one embodiment, the multunedia memory 160 is separated mto two or more address spaces or buffers, and the CPU 102 writes to one address space or buffer while the one or more multimedia devices 142C - 146C accesses commands and data from the other address space or buffer This ensures that the multimedia devices 142C - 146C have uninterrupted access to commands and data m the multimedia memory 160 while also allowmg the CPU 102 to directly wnte real-time commands and data to the multimedia memory 160 Figure 19 - High Speed Memory Channel Per Penpheral Referring now to Figure 19, a computer system is shown which includes a PCI or multimedia bus 120 and which also includes a separate memory data channel for each peripheral connected to the bus 120 The computer system of Figure 19 is similar to the computer system of Figure 1 However, the computer system of Figure 19 includes a separate memory data channel for each penpheral to the memory controller As described below, multunedia devices use the respective memory data channel 130 for high speed data transfers In the followmg descπption, elements which are preferably identical to elements previously described include the same reference numerals for convenience As shown, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 102 which is coupled through a CPU local bus 104 to a host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 The chipset 106 includes various bridge logic, peripheral logic and arbitration logic 107, as described above with reference to Figure I As shown, the chipset 106 includes PCI bπdge logic 932 and a memory controller 934 The bridge or chipset 106 couples through a memory bus 108 to main memory 1 10 The mam memory 1 10 is preferably DRAM (dynamic random access memory) or EDO (extended data out) memory, or other types of memory, as desired The memory controller 934 in the chipset 106 interfaces to the main memory 1 10 The host/PCI/cache bridge or chipset 106 interfaces to a local expansion bus or system bus 120 In the preferred embodiment, the local expansion bus 120 is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 120 or other type of system bus such as a dedicated multunedia or real-time bus Various types of devices may be connected to the PCI bus 120 Expansion bus bridge logic 1 and an expansion bus (both not shown) may aiso be coupled to the PCI bus 120, as described above One or more multimedia devices or multimedia devices 902-910 are coupled to the PCI bus 120 In the embodiment shown, a CD-ROM 902, a Video/Graphics card 904, an Audio card 906, a telephony card 908, and an MPEG decoder card 910 may be coupled to the PCI bus 120 Vaπous other types of peπpherais may be connected to the bus 120, as desired. Each of the multimedia devices 902 - 910 includes a dedicated memory data channel 912 - 920, respectively, which connects to the memory controller 934 in the chipset logic 106 Each of the memory data channels is preferably a high speed serial bus, such as the Philips I 2 C seπal bus from Philips Coφ , or a 4 bit, 8 bit bus, or 16 bit bus Each of the multimedia devices 902 - 910 uses its dedicated memory data channel 912 - 920 to perform data accesses and transfers directly to the mam memory 110, bypassing PCI bus arbitration and PCI bus cycles The dedicated memory channels may also be coupled directly to the main memory 110 instead of to the memory controller 934 The multimedia devices 902 - 910 each include bus interface circuitry 940 which includes standard PCI interface circuitry for communicatmg on the PCI bus 120 The interface circuitry 940 in each of the multimedia devices 902 - 910 also mcludes mterface logic for interfacing to the respective dedicated memory data channel 912 - 920 The multimedia devices 902 - 910 use the PCI bus 120 to communicate data between the respective devices, and each uses its respective channel for main memory accesses The multimedia devices 902 - 910 may be any of various types of mput/output devices, mcluding multimedia devices and communication devices, as descnbed above The multimedia devices 902 - 910 are preferably similar to the multimedia devices 902 - 910 described above, except that the interface logic in the multimedia devices 902 - 910 each mclude memory data channel interface logic, as descnbed below As descnbed above, the multimedia devices 902 - 910 may compπse video accelerator or graphics accelerator cards, video playback cards, MPEG decoder cards, sound cards, network interface cards, SCSI adapters for interfacing to various mput/output devices, such as CD-ROMS and tape drives, or other devices as desired Thus, the multimedia devices 902 - 910 communicate with each other via the PCI bus 120 and also communicate with the CPU 102 and mam memory 110 via the PCI bus 120, as is well known in the art The multunedia devices 902 - 910 also each communicate data to and from the main memory 1 10 usmg the device's respective dedicated memory data channel The multimedia devices 902 - 910 preferably each use its dedicated memory data channel for addressing, control, status and handshaking signals, as well as for data communications Thus the devices 902 - 910 do not utilize any PCI bus cycles when communicating over their respective memory data channel Alternatively, the multunedia devices 902-910 set up the memory data channel transfer usmg PCI bus cycles and then perform the transfer on the data channel Thus, m one embodiment, each multimedia device uses the PCI bus address and control signals to set up a date transfer on the respective memory data channel as discussed with reference to Figure 3A A multunedia device may also use the PCI bus address and control signals to set up peπodic transfers on the respective memory data channel Thus, in a similar manner to that discussed above with respect to Figure 3d, once the device has set up the periodic transfer, the memory 110 periodically transfers data to the multimedia devices, or vice versa, at periodic intervals In the embodiment of Figure 19, arbitration logic 936 is comprised in the chipset 106 and/or in the memory controller 934 and coupled to the memory controller 934 The arbitration logic 936 receives memory requests from each of the devices 902-910 and performs arbitration for the devices 902 - 910 attempting to access the mam memory 110. In this embodiment, the multimedia devices 902 - 910 provide request signals on their respective channel to the arbitration logic 936, and the arbitration logic 936 grants mam memory access accordmg to a desired arbitration method. The memory controller 934 also routes data transfers from the mam memory 110 to the respective memory data channels Figure 20 - Multimedia Devices Referring now to Figure 20, a block diagram is shown illustrating one of the multimedia devices 902 - 910, such as multimedia device 902 As shown, die multimedia device 902 mcludes interface logic 940 compnsmg PCI mterface circuitry 942 for communicatmg on the PCI bus 120, and also mcludmg memory data channel interface logic 944 for interfacing to the respective data channel The multimedia device 902 also may mclude a digital signal processor (DSP) 210 or other hardware circuitry for implementmg a multimedia or communications function Each of the multimedia devices 902 - 910 preferably includes the mterface logic 940, as shown in Figure 20 The multimedia devices 902 - 910 preferably use dieir respective memory data channel only for high speed data transfers of real-time stream data mformation and/or peπodic data transfers to or from the mam memory 110 In an alternate embodiment, the memory data channels are used by each multimedia device for any of various types of multimedia or communications data transfers to or from main memory 1 10 In one embodiment, each memory data channel includes only data Imes, such as an 8 bit or 16 bit data path, and does not include address or control portions In this embodiment of the invention, as mentioned above, each of the multunedia devices 902 - 910 uses the PCI bus 120 for addressing and control for transfers on the respective memory data channel Figure 21 - PCI Bus Including a Real-Time Mode Referring now to Figure 21, a computer system is shown which mcludes an expansion bus, preferably a PCI bus 120, and which mcludes mode logic 960 which selects between different modes of the PCI bus 120 The computer system of Figure 21 is similar to the computer system of Figure 1 However, the mode logic 960 in die computer system of Figure 21 is operable to place the PCI bus 120 in either a normal PCI mode or in a real-time /multimedia mode optimized for multimedia transfers of periodic data As described below, multunedia devices use the PCI bus 120 for normal PCI transfers and also use the PCI bus lines in the multimedia mode for high speed data multimedia transfers, preferably transfers of periodic multimedia data or transfers which involve byte slicing and/or time slotting In the followmg descπption, elements which are preferably identical to elements previously described include the same reference numerals for convenience As shown, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 102 which is coupled through a CPU local bus 104 to a host/PCI/cache bπdge or chipset 106 The chipset 106 includes vaπous bridge logic, peripheral logic and arbitration logic 107, as described above with reference to Figure 1 The chipset 106 also includes mode logic 960 accordmg to the present mvention for selectively and dynamically placing the expansion bus 120 in either a normal mode or a real time mode according to the present invention The bndge or chipset 106 couples through a memory bus 108 to mam memory 1 10 The main memory 1 10 is preferably DRAM (dynamic random access memory) or EDO (extended data out) memory, or other types of memory, as desired The chipset logic 106 preferably mcludes a memory controller for interfacing to the mam memory 1 10 The host/PCI/cache bπdge or chipset 106 interfaces to a local expansion bus or system bus 120 In the preferred embodiment, die local expansion bus 120 is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 120 However, it is noted mat other local buses may be used, such as the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VL bus or "Firewire" Vanous types of devices may be connected to the PCI bus 120 Expansion bus bridge logic 150 and an expansion bus 152 may also be coupled to the PCI bus 120, as described above. As mentioned above, the mode logic 960 is operable to place the PCI bus 120 in eitJier a normal PCI mode or in a real¬ time /multimedia mode optimized for multimedia transfers of periodic data. The computer system shown in Figure 21 optionally includes a real-time bus, also referred to as a multimedia bus 130 (not shown in Figure 21 ). The multimedia bus 130 preferably includes a 32 or 64 bit data path and may include address and control portions. The computer system shown in Figure 21 may include a dedicated control channel, such as that shown in Figure 7, as desired. In the embodiment of Figure 21, the multimedia bus 130 is optionally provided to augment or supplement the PCI bus 120 when the PCI bus 120 is in multimedia mode. One or more multimedia devices or multimedia devices 142D, 144D, and 146D are coupled to each of the PCI bus 120 and the multimedia bus 130. As shown in Figure 22, the multimedia devices 142D - 146D each include bus interface circuitry 962 which includes standard PCI interface circuitry 964 for interfacing to the PCI bus 120 when the PCI bus is in a normal PCI mode. The bus interface circuitry 962 also includes interface logic 966 for interfacing to the PCI bus 120 when the PCI bus 120 is in the multimedia mode. The bus interface circuitry 962 also includes interface logic 968 for interfacing to the optional multimedia bus 130. The multimedia devices 142D - 146D may be any of various types of input/output devices, including multimedia devices and communication devices, as described above. The multimedia devices 142D - 146D are preferably similar to the multimedia devices 142 - 146 described above, except that the interface logic 962 in the multimedia devices 142D - 146D each include the interface logic for interfacing to the PCI bus 120 in multiple modes. As described above, the multimedia devices 142D - I46D may comprise video accelerator or graphics accelerator cards, video playback cards, MPEG decoder cards, sound cards, network interface cards, SCSI adapters for interfacing to various input/output devices, such as CD-ROMS and tape drives, or other devices as desired. Thus, the multimedia devices 142D - 146D communicate with each other and with the CPU 102 and main memory 1 10 via the PCI bus 120, as is well known in die art. The multimedia devices- 142D - 146D also communicate data between using the PCI bus signal lines 120 when the PCI bus 120 is in the multimedia mode. As noted above, the real-time bus or multimedia bus 130 is optionally used to supplement the PCI bus 120 when the PCI bus 120 is in the multimedia mode. In the preferred embodiment of the invention of Figure 21, the multimedia mode comprises placing the system bus or PCI bus 120 in a special mode optimized for real-time data transfers. In one embodiment of Figure 21, the special mode comprises a byte sliced mode which uses different byte lanes or channels of the PCI data lines for different types of multimedia transfers as described above. Thus, 16 bits of the PCI bus may be used for video transfers while the remaining 16 bits may be used for audio transfers simultaneously. Alternatively, the special mode comprises placing the PCI bus 120 in a time sliced or time slotted mode as described above with reference to Figures 1 1 and 12. In another embodiment, the special or real time mode comprises placing the PCI bus 120 in mode for performing periodic multimedia data transfers as described above. Other types of multimedia modes may be used as desired. Conclusion Therefore, the present invention comprises a novel computer system architecture which increases the performance of real-time applications. The computer system includes a PCI local bus and a real-time or multimedia bus. The multimedia bus may be used only for periodic data, and either the PCI bus or a separate control channel is used for addressing and control data. In one embodiment, the multunedia bus comprises two or separate channels for video, audio, and communications. A method is also disclosed which provides for improved performance of periodic data transfers on the multimedia bus. Distributed and centralized intelligence is also included in the various peripheral devices which provide for time slotting and improved data transfer performance. Although the system and method of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to be limited to the specific form set forth herein, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as can be reasonably included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims: Claims 1 A computer system, compnsmg a CPU, main memory coupled to the CPU which stores data accessible by the CPU, bridge logic coupled to the CPU and to the mam memory, wherein the bridge logic includes a memory controller coupled to the mam memory and also includes expansion bus interface logic, an expansion bus coupled to the bridge logic, a multimedia bus coupled to the bridge logic, wherein said multimedia bus includes a plurality of data lines for transmitting data, a plurality of multimedia devices coupled to said multimedia bus, wherein each of said multimedia devices perform operations on said multimedia bus, wherem each of said multimedia devices includes multimedia bus interface logic for accessing said multimedia bus and performing data transfers on said multimedia bus, and a centralized input/output processor coupled to said multimedia bus which controls operations on the multimedia bus, wherein the centralized input/output processor operates to direct data streams on the multimedia bus 2 The computer system of claim I , wherein said centralized input/output processor transmits one or more signals on said multimedia bus indicating a multimedia bus transfer 3 The computer system of claim 2, wherein said centralized mput/output processor performs addressing and control operations for transfers to be performed on said multimedia bus 4 The computer system of claim 1 , wherein said centralized input/output processor comprises a memory for storing data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multimedia devices 5 The computer system of claim 4, wherein said centralized input/output processor includes data transfer control logic coupled to said memory which controls transfers on the multimedia bus, wherem said data transfer control logic uses said data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multunedia devices stored in said memory for controlling said transfers on the multimedia bus 6 The computer system of claim 1 , wherein said multunedia bus is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus 7. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor is programmable. 8. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor is comprised in said bridge logic. 9. A computer system, comprising: a CPU; main memory coupled to the CPU which stores data accessible by the CPU; bridge logic coupled to the CPU and to the main memory, wherein the bridge logic includes a memory controller coupled to the main memory and also includes expansion bus interface logic; an expansion bus coupled to the bridge logic; a multimedia bus coupled to the bridge logic, wherein said multimedia bus includes a plurality of data lines for transmitting data; a plurality of multimedia devices coupled to said expansion bus and said multimedia bus, wherein each of said multimedia devices perform operations on said expansion bus and said multimedia bus, wherein each of said multimedia devices includes expansion bus interface logic for accessing said expansion bus and performing data transfers on said expansion bus, and wherein each of said multimedia devices includes multimedia bus interface logic for accessing said multimedia bus and performing data transfers on said multimedia bus; and a centralized input/output processor coupled to said expansion bus and said multimedia bus which controls operations on the expansion bus and the multimedia bus, wherein the centralized input/ouφut processor operates to direct data streams on the expansion bus and the multimedia bus. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor performs addressing and control operations for transfers to be performed on said expansion bus and said multimedia bus. 1 1. The computer system of claim 9, wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor comprises a memory for storing data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multimedia devices. 12. The computer system of claim 1 1, wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor includes data transfer control logic coupled to said memory which controls transfers on the multimedia bus, wherein said data transfer control logic uses said data rate, data periodicity, data source, and data destination information for said multimedia devices stored in said memory for controlling said transfers on the multimedia bus. 13. The computer system of claim 9, wherein said multimedia bus is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus. 14. The computer system of claim 9, wherein said multimedia bus is the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus. 15. The computer system of claim 9, wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor is programmable. 16. The computer system of claim 9, wherein said centralized input/ouφut processor is comprised in said bridge logic.

Inventors: DUTTON DREW, LAMBRECHT ANDY, SWANSTROM SCOTT, DUTTON, DREW, LAMBRECHT, ANDY, SWANSTROM, SCOTT
Applicants: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC, ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: G06F13
IPC codes: G06F13