Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The combustion chamber comprises an approximately triangular upper wall in at least one vertical section passing through the center of the combustion chamber, a squish area formed by a peripheral portion of upper wall of piston and the upper wall of the combustion chamber, and a step which is formed on at least one of the peripheral portions of the piston and the upper wall of the combustion chamber. The radial and outward flows impinge on the step inside of the squish area. A height of the step in at least the vicinity of the vertical section is approximately equal to the smallest clearance of the squish area.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. 2. Description of the Related Art In a usual internal combustion engine, an upper wall of the combustion chamber in the cylinder head is approximately conical to facilitate the arrangement of intake and exhaust valves. A spark plug is arranged at the top portion of the upper wall. Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. 60-102428 discloses that in such a combustion chamber, a peripheral portion of the upper wall of the combustion chamber is projected downward and a peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston is projected upward. Therefore, the two peripheral portions become close to each other at the end of a compression stroke and thus air-fuel mixture therebetween is pushed out and squish flows can be created in the combustion chamber. The lower surface of the peripheral portion in the combustion chamber and the upper surface of the peripheral portion in the piston are approximately parallel with the conical upper wall of the combustion chamber. Therefore, the squish flows direct to the spark plug and impinge on each other, so that turbulence can be created at the vicinity of the spark plug, and thus the combustion speed at the center of the combustion chamber can become high. Immediately after the top dead center of a compression stroke, the squish area formed by the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the combustion chamber and the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston sucks the air-fuel mixture. This phenomenon is called "opposite squish". In the above-mentioned combustion chamber, the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the combustion chamber projects largely so that a relatively large step is formed on the upper wall of the combustion chamber. Therefore, immediately after the top dead center of a compression stroke, the air-fuel mixture flows outwardly and radially along the upper wall of the combustion chamber to become the opposite squish and impinges on the step so that large vertical swirls of the air-fuel mixture are created. However, the clearance in the squish area at this time is very small to create strong squish flows so that the squish area cannot suck the vertical large swirl of the air-fuel mixture. Accordingly, when the vertical large swirls are sucked into the squish area, they become streamline flows. Thereafter, flame reaches the vicinity of the squish area and the flame is sucked into the squish area due to piston movement. Thus, the air-fuel mixture in the squish area is burned. However, no turbulence of the air-fuel mixture is created in the squish area so that good combustion in the squish area cannot be realized. JP-A-05079370 discloses a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprising an approximately conical upper wall and a squish area formed by a peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston and said upper wall of said combustion chamber. A step is formed in said combustion chamber in the vicinity of said squish area and the height of said step is approximately equal to the smallest clearance of said squish area so that the radial and outward flows impinge on said step in the vicinity of said squish area. Patent Abstracts of Japan JP-A-60169626 discloses a combustion chamber with peripheral portions of the piston and the cylinder head forming a squish area. A step formed in the cylinder head facing the peripheral portion of the piston has a height approximately equal to the clearance of the squish area. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, capable of creating strong turbulence in the centre portion thereof due to the squish flows, which can improve the combustion in the squish area. This object is solved by a combustion chamber according to claim 1. This object is solved by a combustion chamber according to claim 1. According to the present invention, there is provided a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprising: an approximately triangular upper wall in at least one vertical section passing through the center of the combustion chamber; a squish area formed by a peripheral portion of upper wall of piston and the upper wall of said combustion chamber; and a step which is formed on said peripheral portion of said upper wall of the combustion chamber, the radial and outward flows impinging on the step in the vicinity of the squish area, a height of the step in at least the vicinity of the vertical section being approximately equal to the smallest clearance of the squish area, said squish area extending approximately parallel to said upper wall of said combustion chamber in at least the vicinity of said vertical section. The present invention will be more fully understood from the description of preferred embodiments of the invention as set forth below, together with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of figure 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the squish area of figure 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view corresponding to figure 3, according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view corresponding to figure 3, according to a embodiment which is not covered by the scope of the present invention; and Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the vicinity of the intake valve, according to the first embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of figure 1. In these figures, reference numeral 1 designates a cylinder head in which the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber is formed, reference numeral 3 designates a cylinder block in which the cylinder bore 4 is formed, and reference numeral 5 designates a piston reciprocating within the cylinder bore 4. The upper wall 2 is approximately conical. A spark plug 6 is arranged at the top portion of the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber. To simplify, the intake and exhaust valves are omitted. The peripheral portion of the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber projects downward partly to avoid the openings 7, 8 for the intake and exhaust valves. On the other hand, the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston 5 is projected upward with a ring shape. The lower surface 2a of the peripheral portion of the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber and the upper surface 5a of the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston 5 are formed approximately parallel with the conical upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber. The lower surface 2a and the upper surface 5a become close each other at the end of a compression stroke and form the squish area shown by cross lines in figure 2. Therefore, squish flows from the peripheral portion of the combustion chamber to the spark plug 6 are created. These squish flows impinge on each other at the vicinity of the spark plug 6 so that strong turbulence is produced, and thus a combustion speed at the center portion of the combustion chamber becomes high and a good combustion can be realized. In the present embodiment, these squish flows do not weaken since the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the combustion chamber is projected downward such that the squish flows do not contact with the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber. Thus, the strong squish flows impinge each other and the turbulence at the vicinity of the spark plug 6 can be made very strong. Immediately after the top dead center of a compression stroke, the air-fuel mixture is sucked into the squish area due to the piston lowering and thus the opposite squish is produced. At this time, the air-fuel mixture flows radially and outwardly along the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber and impinges on the step formed by the peripheral portion of the upper wall 2 and thus vertical swirls of the air-fuel mixture are created. In the present embodiment, the step has a height (H) which is approximately equal to a smallest distance between the lower surface 2a of the peripheral portion of the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber and the upper surface 5a of the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston 5 at the top dead center of a compression stroke, i.e., a smallest clearance (S) (1 to 2 mm) of the squish area. Therefore, as shown in figure 3 which is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the squish area, the vertical swirls created by the step having the height (H) have a small size which is approximately equal to the smallest clearance (S). Thus, these vertical swirls do not become streamline flows and are sucked into the squish area so that the strong turbulence can be created in the squish area. Thereafter, flame reaches the vicinity of the squish area and the flame is sucked into the squish area due to the further piston lowering. Thus, the air-fuel mixture in the squish area is burned and a good combustion at a high combustion speed in the squish area can be realized due to the strong turbulence. Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a second embodiment corresponding to figure 3. In the second embodiment, the step having the height (H) is formed on the upper wall 2' of the combustion chamber to face the upper surface 5a of the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston 5. In the second embodiment, the vertical swirls do not become streamline flows and are sucked into the squish area as in the first embodiment. Therefore, a good combustion can be relized by the strong turbulence. Figure 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a embodiment corresponding to figure 3, this embodiment being not covered by the scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the step having the height (H) is formed on the upper surface 5a' of the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston 5'. On the other hand, no step is formed on the upper wall 2" of the combustion chamber. In this embodiment, the squish area is formed between the lower surface 2a" of the peripheral portion of the upper wall 2'' of the combustion chamber and the upper surface 5a' of the peripheral portion of the upper wall of the piston 5'. Immediately after the top dead center of a compression stroke, a opposite squish is produced as in the first embodiment. At this time, vertical swirls having a size which is approximately equal to the smallest clearance (S) of the squish area can be created inside of the squish area. Therefore, these vertical swirls do not become streamline flows and are sucked into the squish area and thus a good combustion can be realized by the strong turbulence. Figure 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view in the vicinity of the intake valve 9 of the first embodiment. The step formed on the upper wall 2 of the combustion chamber has a lower height than in the prior art (dot and dash line). Therefore, in an intake stroke, an opening area in the vicinity of the intake valve 9 becomes larger than in the prior art. Thus, an intake resistance in an intake stroke can be decreased so that a charging efficiency can be increased. In connection with the exhaust valve, an exhaust resistance in an exhaust stroke can be decreased by the lower height step. In all the above-mentioned embodiments, the upper wall of the combustion chamber is approximately conical. However, this does not limit the present invention. For example, in case that a combustion chamber has a pent roof shape upper wall, in only the vicinity of a vertical section which passes through the center of the combustion chamber and has an approximately triangular shape formed by a surface in which an intake valve is arranged and a surface in which an exhaust valve is arranged, the height of the step may be regulated as shown in figure 1, 3, 4, or 5. Therefore, in at least the vicinity of the vertical section, when the opposite squish is produced, turbulence can be created in the squish area. Thus, a combustion speed becomes higher than in the prior art so that combustion can be improved. Moreover, in the prior art, a combustion speed in the squish area is generally slow so that knocking phenomenon can occur in the squish area. In such a pent roof shape type combustion chamber, the combustion speed can not be generally increased. However, the knocking phenomenon occurs in an area at which temperature is lowest and at which combustion is latest, i.e., an intake valve side of the squish area. A height of the step in this area of the squish area is regulated as above-mentioned so that turbulence can be created in this area and a combustion speed in this area becomes high, and thus the knocking phenomenon dose not occur.

Claims: A combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprising: an approximately triangular upper wall (2; 2') in at least one vertical section passing through the center of said combustion chamber; a squish area formed by a peripheral portion (2a; 2a'; 5a) of upper wall of piston (5) and said upper wall (2; 2') of said combustion chamber; and a step which is formed on said peripheral portion (2a; 2a') of said upper wall (2; 2') of said combustion chamber, the radial and outward flows impinging on said step in the vicinity of said squish area, a height (H) of said step in at least the vicinity of said vertical section being approximately equal to the smallest clearance (S) of said squish area, wherein said squish area extends to be approximately parallel to said upper wall (2; 2') of said combustion chamber in at least the vicinity of said vertical section. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein said step is formed to face to said peripheral portion (5a) of said piston (5). A combustion chamber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said upper wall (2; 2') of said combustion chamber is approximately conical. A combustion chamber according to claim 3, wherein said squish area extends to be approximately parallel to said upper wall (2; 2') of said combustion chamber.

Inventors: OKUMURA TAKESHI, UEDA TAKANOTI, OKUMURA, TAKESHI, UEDA, TAKANOTI
Applicants: TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD, TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1997
Main classification: F02B23
IPC codes: F02B23, F02B1, F02F1, F02F3