STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE HISTIDYL tRNA SYNTHETASE

Abstract: The invention provides hisS polypeptides and DNA (RNA) encoding hisS polypeptides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques. Also provided are methods for utilizing hisS polypeptides to screen for antibacterial compounds.

Description: "STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE HISTIDYL TRNA SYNTHETASE". RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims pnonty to UK application number 9607993 4, filed Apπl 18, 1996 FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to newly identified polynucleotides and polypeptides, and their production and uses, as well as their vanants, agonists and antagonists, and their uses In particular, in these and in other regards, the invention relates to novel polynucleotides and polypeptides of the histidyl tRNA synthetase family, hereinafter referred to as "hisS" 0 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The Streptococci make up a medically important genera of microbes known to cause several types of disease tn humans, including, for example, otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, bacteremia. meningitis, sinusitis, pleural empyema and endocarditis, and most particularly meningitis, such as for example infection of cerebrospinal fluid Since its isolation 5 more than 100 years ago. Streptococcus pneumoniae has been one of the more intensively studied microbes For example, much of our early understanding that DNA is, in fact, the genetic matenal was predicated on the work of Griffith and of Avery, Macleod and McCarty using this microbe Despite the vast amount of research with S. pneumoniae, many questions concerning the virulence of this microbe remain It is particularly preferred to employ 0 Streptococcal genes and gene products as targets for the development of antibiotics The frequency oi Streptococcus pneumoniae infections has risen dramatically in the past 20 years. This has been attributed to the emergence of multiply antibiotic resistant strains and an increasing population of people with weakened immune systems It is no longer uncommon to isolate Streptococcus pneumoniae strains which are resistant to some or all of the standard 5 antibiotics This has created a demand for both new anti-microbial agents and diagnostic tests for this organism The t-RNA synthetases have a pnmary role in protein synthesis according to the following scheme Enzyme +ATP + AA <=> Enzyme.AA-AMP + PPi 0 Enzyme.AA-AMP + t-RNA <- * > Enzyme + AMP + AA-t-RNA in which AA is an amino acid Inhibition of this process leads to a reduction in the levels of charged t-RNA and this triggers a cascade of responses known as the stringent response, the result of which is the induction of a state of dormancv in the organism As such selective inhibitors of bacterial t- RNA synthetase have potential as antibacterial agents One example of such is mupirocin which is a selective inhibitor of isoleucyl t-RNA synthetase Other t-RNA synthetases are now being examined as possible anti-bactenal targets, this process being greatly assisted by the isolation of the synthetase. Clearly, there is a need for factors, such as the novel compounds of the invention, that have a present benefit of being useful to screen compounds for antibiotic activity Such factors are also useful to determine their role in pathogenesis of infection, dysfunction and disease There is also a need for identification and characterization of such factors and their antagonists and agonists which can play a role in preventing, ameliorating or correcting infections, dysfunctions or diseases. The polypeptides of the invention have amino acid sequence homology to a known Streptococcus equtsimilis histidyl tRNA synthetase protein SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide polypeptides that have been identified as novel hisS polypeptides by homology between the amino acid sequence set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NO 2] and a known amino acid sequence or sequences of other proteins such as Streptococcus equisirmhs histidyl tRNA synthetase protein It is a further object of the invention to provide polynucleotides that encode hisS polypeptides, particularly polynucleotides that encode the polypeptide herein designated hisS In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the polynucleotide compπses a region encoding hisS polypeptides compnsmg a sequence set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NOS 1 and 3], or a vanant thereof In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention there is a novel hisS protein from Streptococcus pneumoniae compnsmg the amino acid sequence of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO.2 and 4], or a vanant thereof In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a mature polypeptide expressible by the Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 strain contained in the deposited strain A further aspect of the mvention there are provided isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding hisS, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae hisS, including mRNAs, cDNAs, genomic DNAs Further embodiments of the invention include biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful vanants thereof, and compositions compnsmg the same In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a polynucleotide of the invention for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, in particular genetic immunization. Among the particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are naturally occurring allelic variants of hisS and polypeptides encoded thereby. Another aspect of the invention there are provided novel polypeptides of Streptococcus pneumoniae referred to herein as hisS as well as biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful variants thereof, and compositions comprising the same. Among the particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are variants of hisS polypeptide encoded by naturally occurring alleles of the hisS gene. In a preferred embodiment of the invention there are provided methods for producing the aforementioned hisS polypeptides. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there are provided inhibitors to such polypeptides, useful as antibacterial agents, including, for example, antibodies. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments of the invention, there are provided products, compositions and methods for assessing hisS expression, treating disease, for example, otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, sinusitis, pleura! empyema and endocarditis, and most particularly meningitis, such as for example infection of cerebrospinal fluid, assaying genetic variation, and administering a hisS polypeptide or polynucleotide to an organism to raise an immunological response against a bacteria, especially a Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments of this and other aspects of the invention there are provided polynucleotides that hybridize to hisS polynucleotide sequences, particularly under stringent conditions. In certain preferred embodiments of the invention there are provided antibodies against hisS polypeptides. In other embodiments ofthe invention there are provided methods for identifying compounds which bind to or otherwise interact with and inhibit or activate an activity of a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention comprising: contacting a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention with a compound to be screened under conditions to permit binding to or other interaction between the compound and the polypeptide or polynucleotide to assess the binding to or other interaction with the compound, such binding or interaction being associated with a second component capable of providing a detectable signal in response to the binding or interaction of the polypeptide or polynucleotide with the compound; and determining whether the compound binds to or otherwise interacts with and activates or inhibits an activity of the polypetide or polynucleotide by detecting the presence or absence of a signal generated from the binding or interaction of the compound with the polypeptide or polynucleotide. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there are provided hisS agonists and antagonists, preferably bactenostatic or bactenocidal agonists and antagonists. In a further aspect of the invention there are provided compositions compnsmg a hisS polynucleotide or a hisS polypeptide for administration to a cell or to a multicellular organism. Vanous changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the disclosed invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following descπptions and from reading the other parts ofthe present disclosure. GLOSSARY The following definitions are provided to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein. "Host cell" is a cell which has been transformed or transfected, or is capable of transformation or transfection by an exogenous polynucleotide sequence. "Identity," as known in the art, is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, as determined by comparing the sequences. In the art, "identity" also means the degree of sequence relatedness between polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between stπngs of such sequences. "Identity" and "similaπty" can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in (Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A.M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing- Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D.W., ed.. Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G , Academic Press, 1987; and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991; and Carillo, H., and Lipman, D., SIAM J. AppUed Math., 48- 1073 (1988) Preferred methods to determine identity are designed to give the largest match between the sequences tested. Methods to determine identity and similanty are codified in publicly available computer programs. Preferred computer program methods to determine identity and similarity between two sequences include, but are not limited to, the GCG program package (Devereux, J., et al., Nucleic Acids Research 12(1): 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA (Atschul, S.F. et al., J. Molec. Biol. 215- 403-410 (1990). The BLAST X program is publicly available from NCBI and other sources (BLAST Manual, Altschul, S., et ai, NCBI NLM NIH Bethesda, MD 20894; Altschul, S., et al., J. Mol. Biol 215 403-410 ( 1990) As an illustration, by a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence having at least, for example, 95% "identity" to a reference nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO 1 it is intended that the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide is identical to the reference sequence except that the polynucleotide sequence may include up to five point mutations per each 100 nucleotides of the reference nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO 1 In other words, to obtain a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical to a reference nucleotide sequence, up to 5% of the nucleotides in the reference sequence may be deleted or substituted with another nucleotide, or a number of nucleotides up to 5% of the total nucleotides in the reference sequence may be inserted into the reference sequence These mutations of the reference sequence may occur at the 5 or 3 terminal positions of the reference nucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among nucleotides m the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence Analogously , by a polypeptide having an ammo acid sequence having at least, for example, 95% identity to a reference amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 2 or 4 is intended that the ammo acid sequence of the polypeptide is identical to the reference sequence except that the polypeptide sequence may include up to five ammo acid alterations per each 100 ammo acids of the reference amino acid of SEQ ID NO 2 In other words, to obtain a polypeptide having an ammo acid sequence at least 95% identical to a reference ammo acid sequence, up to 5% of the amino acid residues in the reference sequence may be deleted or substituted with another amino acid, or a number of amino acids up to 5% of the total amino acid residues in the reference sequence may be inserted into the reference sequence These alterations of the reference sequence may occur at the amino or carboxy terminal positions of the reference ammo acid sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among residues in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence "Isolated" means altered "by the hand of man" from its natural state, i.e., if it occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its oπginal environment, or both For example, a polynucleotide or a polypeptide naturally present in a living organism is not "isolated," but the same polynucleoϋde or polypeptide separated from the coexistmg matenals of its natural state is "isolated", as the term is employed herein "Polynucleotιde(s)" generally refers to any polyπbonucleotide or poiydeoxnbonucleot.de, which may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA "Polynucleotιde(s)" include, without limitation, single- and double-stranded DNA, DNA that is a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions or single-, double- and triple-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded RNA, and RNA that is mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that may be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded, or triple-stranded regions, or a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions. In addition, "polynucleotide" as used herein refers to triple-stranded regions comprising RNA or DNA or both RNA and DNA. The strands in such regions may be from the same molecule or from different molecules. The regions may include all of one or more of the molecules, but more typically involve only a region of some of the molecules. One of the molecules of a triple-helical region often is an oligonucleotide. As used herein, the term "polynucleotide(s)" also includes DNAs or RNAs as described above that contain one or more modified bases. Thus, DNAs or RNAs with backbones modified for stability or for other reasons are "polynucleotide(s)" as that term is intended herein. Moreover, DNAs or RNAs comprising unusual bases, such as inosine, or modified bases, such as tritylated bases, to name just two examples, are polynucleotides as the term is used herein. It will be appreciated that a great variety of modifications have been made to DNA and RNA that serve many useful purposes known to those of skill in the art. The term "polynucleotide(s)" as it is employed herein embraces such chemically, enzymatically or metabolically modified forms of polynucleotides, as well as the chemical forms of DNA and RNA characteristic of viruses and cells, including, for example, simple and complex cells. "Polynucleotide(s)" also embraces short polynucleotides often referred to as oligonucleotide(s). "Polypeptide(s)" refers to any peptide or protein comprising two or more amino acids joined to each other by peptide bonds or modified peptide bonds. "Polypeptide(s)" refers to both short chains, commonly referred to as peptides, oligopeptides and oligomers and to longer chains generally referred to as proteins. Polypeptides may contain amino acids other than the 20 gene encoded amino acids. "Polypeptide(s)" include those modified either by natural processes, such as processing and other post-translational modifications, but also by chemical modification techniques. Such modifications are well described in basic texts and in more detailed monographs, as well as in a voluminous research literature, and they are well Icnown to those of skill in the art. It will be appreciated that the same type of modification may be present in the same or varying degree at several sites in a given polypeptide. Also, a given polypeptide may contain many types of modifications. Modifications can occur anywhere in a polypeptide, including the peptide backbone, the amino acid side-chains, and the amino or carboxyl termini. Modifications include, for example, acetylation, acylation, ADP-ribosylation, amidation, covalent attachment of flavin, covalent attachment of a heme moiety, covalent attachment of a nucleotide or nucleotide derivative, covalent attachment of a lipid or lipid derivative, covalent attachment of phosphotidylinositol, cross-linking, cyclization, disulfide bond formation, demethylatioπ, formation of covalent cross-links, formation of cysteine, formation of pyroglutamate, formylation, gamma-carboxy lation, glycosylation, GPI anchor formation, hydroxylation, iodination, methylation, myristoylation, oxidation, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, prenylation, racemization, glycosylation, lipid attachment, sulfation, gamma- carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, hydroxylation and ADP-ribosylation, selenoylation, sulfation, transfer-RNA mediated addition of amino acids to proteins, such as arginylation, and ubiquitination. See, for instance, PROTEINS - STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES, 2nd Ed., T. E. Creighton, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York (1993) and Wold, F., Posttranslational Protein Modifications: Perspectives and Prospects, pgs. 1-12 in POSTTRANSLATIONAL COVALENT MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS, B. C. Johnson, Ed., Academic Press, New York (1983); Seifter et al., Meth. Enzymol. 182:626-646 (1990) and Rattan et al.. Protein Synthesis: Posttranslational Modifications and Aging, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 663: 48-62 (1992). Polypeptides may be branched or cyclic, with or without branching. Cyclic, branched and branched circular polypeptides may result from post-translational natural processes and may be made by entirely synthetic methods, as well. "Variant(s)" as the term is used herein, is a polynucleotide or polypeptide that differs from a reference polynucleotide or polypeptide respectively, but retains essential properties, A typical variant of a polynucleotide differs in nucleotide sequence from another, reference polynucleotide. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of the variant may or may not alter the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide. Nucleotide changes may result in amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations in the polypeptide encoded by the reference sequence, as discussed below. A typical variant of a polypeptide differs in amino acid sequence from another, reference polypeptide. Generally, differences are limited so that the sequences of the reference polypeptide and the variant are closely similar overall and, in many regions, identical. A variant and reference polypeptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, additions, deletions in any combination. A substituted or inserted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code. A variant of a polynucleotide or polypeptide may be a naturally occurring such as an allelic variant, or it may be a variant that is not known to occur naturally. Non-naturally occurring variants of polynucleotides and polypeptides may be made by mutagenesis techniques, by direct synthesis, and by other recombinant methods known to skilled artisans. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to novel hisS polypeptides and polynucleotides as described in greater detail below. In particular, the invention relates to polypeptides and polynucleotides of a novel hisS of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is related by amino acid sequence homology to Streptococcus equisimilis histidyl tRNA synthetase polypeptide. The invention relates especially to hisS having the nucleotide and amino acid sequences set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NO: 1] and Table 1 [SEQ ID NO: 2] respectively, and to the hisS nucleotide sequences of the DNA in the deposited strain and amino acid sequences encoded thereby. TABLE 1 Novel hisS Polynucleotide and Polypeptide Sequences (A) Novel sequences from Streptococcus pneumoniae hisS polynucleotide sequence [SEQ ID NO: 1]. 5'-l ATGAAATTAC AAAAACCAAA AGGAACGCAG GATATTTTAC CTGCTGAATC 51 TGCTAAGTGG CAGTACGTTG AGGGCTTTGC CCGTGAGATT TTCAAGCGCT 101 ATAACTATGC AGAAGTGCGC ACGCCTATTT TTGAGCATTA CGAGGTTATC 151 AGTCGCTCTG TCGGAGATAC AACGGATATC GTAACCAAGG AAATGTACGA 201 TTTTTATGAC AAGGGTGACC GTCATATTAC CCTCCGTCCA GAAGGAACTG 251 CGCCCGTTGT CCGTTCCTAT GTGGAAAATA AACTCTTCGC CCCAGAAGTG 301 CAAAAGCCAA GCAAGTTCTA CTACATGGGA CCTATGTTCC GTTATGAGCG 351 TCCACAGGCA GGGCGCTTGC GCCAATTCCA CCAGATTGGT GTTGAGTGTT 401 TTGGTTCTAG CAATCCAGCT ACCGATGTGG AAACAATCGT TATGGCAGCC 451 CATTTTTTGA AGGAAATCGG TATTCAAGGT GTCAAATTGC ACCTCAACAC 501 TCTTGGAAAT CCTGAGAGCC GTGCAGCCTA CCGCCAAGCC TTGATTGACT 551 ATTTGACACC GCTCAAGGAG ACCTTGTCTA AGGATAGCCA ACGTCGCTTG 601 GAGGAAAATC CTCTTCGTGT CTTGGACTCT AAGGAAAAAG AAGACAAGGT 651 GGCAGTAGAG AATGCGCCGT CTATCTTGGA CTTTCTTGAT GAAGAAAGCC 701 AAACTCATTT TGATGCTGTG AGTCAGATGT TGGAAAATCT TGGAGTAGAT 751 TACATCATCG ATACCAATAT GGTGCGTGGT CTGGACTACT ACAACCACAC 801 CATTTTCGAG TTTATCACAG AGATTGAGGG CAATGACTTG ACAGTCTGTG 851 CGGGTGGTCG CTACGATGGT TTGGTTGCTT ACTTTGGAGG CCCTGAAACT 901 GCTGGATTTG GTTTTGGGCT TGGTGTAGAG CGCCTGCTTC TCATCCTTGA 951 AAAACAAGGC GTGGCCCTCC CTATCGAAAA TGCCCTAGAT GTCTATATCG 1001 CAGTCTTGGG TGATGGAGCA AATGTCAAAG CCCTAGAACT AGTCCAAGCC 1051 CTTCGCCAAC AAGGTTTCAA AGCAGAGCGT GATTACCTCA ACCGTAAACT 1101 CAAAGCT-3' (B) Novel hisS polypeptide sequence deduced from the polynucleotide sequence in this table [SEQ ID NO:2]. NH.-l MKLQKPKGTQ DILPAESAKW QYVEGFAREI FKRYNYAEVR TPIFEHYEVI 51 SRSVGDTTDI VTKEMYDFYD KGDRHITLRP EGTAPWRSY VENKLFAPEV 101 QKPSKFYYMG PMFRYERPQA GRLRQFHQIG VECFGSSNPA TDVETIVMAA 151 HFLKEIGIQG VKLHLNTLGN PESRAAYRQA LIDYLTPLKE TLSKDSQRRL 201 EENPLRVLDS KEKEDKVAVE NAPSILDFLD EESQTHFDAV SQMLENLGVD 251 YIIDTNMVRG LDYYNHTIFE FITEIEGNDL TVCAGGRYDG LVAYFGGPET 301 AGFGFGLGVE RLLLILEKQG VALPIENALD VYIAVLGDGA NVKALELVQA 351 LRQQGFKAER DYLNRKLKA-COOH (C) Novel polynucleotidesequenceembodiment [SEQ IDNO:1]. X "< R l ) n" 1 ATGAAATTAC AAAAACCAAA AGGAACGCAG GATATTTTAC CTGCTGAATC 51 TGCTAAGTGG CAGTACGTTG AGGGCTTTGC CCGTGAGATT TTCAAGCGCT 101 ATAACTATGC AGAAGTGCGC ACGCCTATTT TTGAGCATTA CGAGGTTATC 151 AGTCGCTCTG TCGGAGATAC AACGGATATC GTAACCAAGG AAATGTACGA 201 TTTTTATGAC AAGGGTGACC GTCATATTAC CCTCCGTCCA GAAGGAACTG 251 CGCCCGTTGT CCGTTCCTAT GTGGAAAATA AACTCTTCGC CCCAGAAGTG 301 CAAAAGCCAA GCAAGTTCTA CTACATGGGA CCTATGTTCC GTTATGAGCG 351 TCCACAGGCA GGGCGCTTGC GCCAATTCCA CCAGATTGGT GTTGAGTGTT 401 TTGGTTCTAG CAATCCAGCT ACCGATGTGG AAACAATCGT TATGGCAGCC 451 CATTTTTTGA AGGAAATCGG TATTCAAGGT GTCAAATTGC ACCTCAACAC 501 TCTTGGAAAT CCTGAGAGCC GTGCAGCCTA CCGCCAAGCC TTGATTGACT 551 ATTTGACACC GCTCAAGGAG ACCTTGTCTA AGGATAGCCA ACGTCGCTTG 601 GAGGAAAATC CTCTTCGTGT CTTGGACTCT AAGGAAAAAG AAGACAAGGT 651 GGCAGTAGAG AATGCGCCGT CTATCTTGGA CTTTCTTGAT GAAGAAAGCC 701 AAACTCATTT TGATGCTGTG AGTCAGATGT TGGAAAATCT TGGAGTAGAT 751 TACATCATCG ATACCAATAT GGTGCGTGGT CTGGACTACT ACAACCACAC 801 CATTTTCGAG TTTATCACAG AGATTGAGGG CAATGACTTG ACAGTCTGTG 851 CGGGTGGTCG CTACGATGGT TTGGTTGCTT ACTTTGGAGG CCCTGAAACT 901 GCTGGATTTG GTTTTGGGCT TGGTGTAGAG CGCCTGCTTC TCATCCTTGA 951 AAAACAAGGC GTGGCCCTCC CTATCGAAAA TGCCCTAGAT GTCTATATCG 1001 CAGTCTTGGG TGATGGAGCA AATGTCAAAG CCCTAGAACT AGTCCAAGCC 1051 CTTCGCCAAC AAGGTTTCAA AGCAGAGCGT GATTACCTCA ACCGTAAACT 1101 CAAAGCT - ( R 2 ) n -Y (D) Novel polypeptidesequenceembodiment [SEQ IDNO:2j. X-(R 1 ) n -l MKLQKPKGTQ DILPAESAKW QYVEGFAREI FKRYNYAEVR TPIFEHYEVI 51 SRSVGDTTDI VTKEMYDFYD KGDRHITLRP EGTAPWRSY VENKLFAPEV 101 QKPSKFYYMG PMFRYERPQA GRLRQFHQIG VECFGSSNPA TDVETIVMAA 151 HFLKEIGIQG VKLHLNTLGN PESRAAYRQA LIDYLTPLKE TLSKDSQRRL 201 EENPLRVLDS KEKEDKVAVE NAPSILDFLD EESQTHFDAV SQMLENLGVD 251 YIIDTNMVRG LDYYNHTIFE FITEIEGNDL TVCAGGRYDG LVAYFGGPET 301 AGFGFGLGVE RLLLILEKQG VALPIENALD VYIAVLGDGA NVKALELVQA 351 LRQQGFKAER DYLNRKLKA- (R 2 ) n -Y (E) Novel polynucleotide sequenceembodiment [SEQ ID NO:3]. 5'-l ATGAAATTAC AAAAACCAAA AGGAACGCAG GATATTTTAC CTGCTGAATC 51 TGCTAAGTGG CAGTACGTTG AGGGCTTTGC CCGTGAGATT TTCAAGCGCT 101 ATAACTATGC AGAAGTGCGC ACGCCTATTT TTGAGCATTA CGAGGTTATC 151 AGTCGCTCTG TCGGAGATAC AACGGATATC GTAACCAAGG AAATGTACGA 201 TTTTTATGAC AAGGGTGACC GTCATATTAC CCTCCGTCCA GAAGGAACTG 251 CGCCCGTTGT CCGTTCCTAT GTGGAAAATA AACTCTTCGC CCCAGAAGTG 301 CAAAAGCCAA GCAAGTTCTA CTACATGGGA CCTATGTTCC GTTATGAGCG 351 TCCACAGGCA GGGCGCTTGC GCCAATTCCA CCAGATTGGT GTTGAGTGTT 401 TTGGTTCTAG CAATCCAG-3 ' (F) Novel polypeptide sequenceembodiment [SEQ ID NO:4] deduced fromthe polynucleotidecodingsequencesetforth in thisTable 1(E). NH--1 MKLQKPKGTQ DILPAESAKW QYVEGFAREI FKRYNYAEVR TPIFEHYEVI 51 SRSVGDTTDI VTKEMYDFYD KGDRHITLRP EGTAPWRSY VENKLFAPEV 101 QKPSKFYYMG PMFRYERPQA GRLRQFHQIG VECFGSSNP-COOH Deposited materials A deposit containing a Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 strain has been deposited with the National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Ltd. (herein "NCIMB"), 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB2 IRY, Scotland on 11 April 1996 and assigned deposit number 40794. The deposit was described as Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 on deposit. On 17 April 1996 a Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 DNA library in E. coli was similarly depositedwith the NCIMB and assigned deposit number 40800. The Streptococcus pneumoniae strain deposit is referred to herein as "the deposited strain" or as "the DNA of the deposited strain." The deposited strain contains the full length hisS gene. The sequence of the polynucleotides contained in the deposited strain, as well as the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded thereby, are controlling in the event of any conflict with any description of sequences herein. The deposit of the deposited strain has been made under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure. The strain will be irrevocably and without restriction or condition released to the public upon the issuance of a patent. The deposited strain is provided merely as convenience to those of skill in the art and is not an admission that a deposit is required for enablement, such as that required under 35 U.S.C. § 112. A license may be required to make, use or sell the deposited strain, and compounds derived therefrom, and no such license is hereby granted. Polypeptides The polypeptides of the invention include the polypeptide of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4] (in particular the mature polypeptide) as well as polypeptides and fragments, particularly those which have the biological activity of hisS, and also those which have at least 70% identity to a polypeptide of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4] or the relevant portion, preferably at least 80% identity to a polypeptide of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4], and more preferably at least 90% similarity (more preferably at least 90% identity) to a polypeptide of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4] and still more preferably at least 95% similarity (still more preferably at least 95% identity) to a polypeptide of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4] and also include portions of such polypeptides with such portion of the polypeptide generally containing at least 30 amino acids and more preferably at least 50 amino acids. The invention also includes polypeptides of the formula set forth in Table 1 (D) wherein, at the amino terminus, X is hydrogen, and at the carboxyl terminus, Y is hydrogen or a metal, R • and R2 is any amino acid residue, and n is an integer between 1 and 1000. Any stretch of amino acid residues denoted by either R group, where R is greater than 1, may be either a heteropolymer or a homopolymer, preferably a heteropolymer. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is a polypeptide of the formula set forth in Table 1 (D) wherein R2 is any amino acid residue, and n is an integer between about 1 and 100, more preferably between about 1 and 30. Polypeptide embodiments comprising an extended carboxyl termini of between 1 and 20 amino acid residues are also preferred. A fragment is a variant polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that entirely is the same as part but not all of the amino acid sequence of the aforementioned polypeptides. As with hisS polypeptides fragments may be "free-standing," or comprised within a larger polypeptide of which they form a part or region, most preferably as a single continuous region, a single larger polypeptide. Preferred fragments include, for example, truncation polypeptides having a portion of an amino acid sequence of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4], or of variants thereof, such as a continuous series of residues that includes the amino terminus, or a continuous series of residues that includes the carboxyl teπτιinus. Degradation forms of the polypeptides of the invention in a host cell, particularly a Streptococcus pneumoniae, are also preferred. Further preferred are fragments characterized by structural or functional attributes such as fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha-helix forming regions, beta-sheet and beta-sheet-forming regions, turn and turn-forming regions, coil and coil-forming regions, hydrophilic regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface-forming regions, substrate binding region, and high antigenic index regions. Also preferred are biologically active fragments which are those fragments that mediate activities of hisS, including those with a similar activity or an improved activity, or with a decreased undesirable activity. Also included are those fragments that are antigenic or immunogenic in an animal, especially in a human. Particularly preferred are fragments comprising receptors or domains of enzymes that confer a function essential for viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae or the ability to initiate, or maintain cause disease in an individual, particularly a human. Variants that are fragments of the polypeptides of the invention may be employed for producing the corresponding full-length polypeptide by peptide synthesis; therefore, these variants may be employed as intermediates for producing the full-length polypeptides of the invention. Polynucleotides Another aspect of the invention relates to isolated polynucleotides that encode the hisS polypeptide having a deduced amino acid sequence of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4] and polynucleotides closely related thereto and variants thereof. Using the information provided herein, such as a polynucleotide sequence set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3], a polynucleotide of the invention encoding hisS polypeptide may be obtained using standard cloning and screening methods, such as those for cloning and sequencing chromosomal DNA fragments from bacteria using Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 cells as starting material, followed by obtaining a full length clone. For example, to obtain a polynucleotide sequence of the invention, such as a sequence given in Table 1 [SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3], typically a library of clones of chromosomal DNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 in E.coli or some other suitable host is probed with a radiolabeled oligonucleotide, preferably a 17-mer or longer, derived from a partial sequence. Clones carrying DNA identical to that of the probe can then be distinguished using stringent conditions. By sequencing the individual clones thus identified with sequencing primers designed from the original sequence it is then possible to extend the sequence in both directions to determine the full gene sequence. Conveniently, such sequencing is performed using denatured double stranded DNA prepared from a plasmid clone. Suitable techniques are described by Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F. and Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989). (see in particular Screening By Hybridization 1.90 and Sequencing Denatured Double-Stranded DNA Templates 13.70). Dlustrative of the invention, each polynucleotide set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3] was discovered in a DNA library derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993. Each DNA sequence set out in Table 1 [ SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3] contains an open reading frame encoding a protein having about the number of amino acid residues set forth in Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4] with a deduced molecular weight that can be calculated using amino acid residue molecular weight values well known in the art. The start codon of the DNA in Table 1(A) [SEQ ID NO: 1 ] is nucleotide number 1. hisS of the invention is structurally related to other proteins of the histidyl tRNA synthetase family, as shown by the results of sequencing the DNA encoding hisS of the deposited strain. The protein exhibits greatest homology to Streptococcus equisimilis histidyl tRNA synthetase protein among known proteins. hisS of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2] has about 80% identity over its entire length and about 89% similarity over its entire length with the amino acid sequence of Streptococcus equisimilis histidyl tRNA synthetase polypeptide. The invention provides a polynucleotide sequence identical over its entire length to each coding sequence in Table 1 [SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3]. Also provided by the invention is the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide or a fragment thereof, by itself as well as the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide or a fragment in reading frame with other coding sequence, such as those encoding a leader or secretory sequence, a pre-, or pro- or prepro- protein sequence. The polynucleotide may also contain non-coding sequences, including for example, but not limited to non-coding 5' and 3' sequences, such as the transcribed, non-translated sequences, termination signals, ribosome binding sites, sequences that stabilize mRNA, introns, polyadenylation signals, and additional coding sequence which encode additional amino acids. For example, a marker sequence that facilitates purification of the fused polypeptide can be encoded. In certain embodiments of the invention, the marker sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, as provided in the pQE vector (Qiagen, Inc.) and described in Gentz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 86: 821-824 (1989), or an HA tag (Wilson et al.. Cell 37: 767 (1984). Polynucleotides of the invention also include, but are not limited to, polynucleotides comprising a structural gene and its naturally associated sequences that control gene expression. A preferred embodiment ofthe invention is the polynucleotide comprising nucleotide 1 to 1107 set forth in SEQ ID NO:l of Table 1 which encodes an embodiment of the hisS polypeptide. The invention also includes polynucleotides of the formula set forth in Table 1 (C) wherein, at the 5' end of the molecule, X is hydrogen, and at the 3' end of the molecule, Y is hydrogen or a metal, Rj and R2 is any nucleic acid residue, and n is an integer between 1 and 1000. Any stretch of nucleic acid residues denoted by either R group, where R is greater than 1, may be either a heteropolymer or a homopolymer, preferably a heteropolymer. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is a polynucleotide of the formula set forth in Table 1 (C) wherein R2 is any nucleic acid residue, and n is an integer between about 1 and 300, more preferably between about I and 90. Polynucleotride embodiments comprising an extended 3' end of between 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57 and 60 nucleic acid residues are also preferred. The term "polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide" as used herein encompasses polynucleotides that include a sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention, particularly a bacterial polypeptide and more particularly a polypeptide of the Streptococcus pneumoniae hisS having a amino acid sequence set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4]. The term also encompasses polynucleotides that include a single continuous region or discontinuous regions encoding the polypeptide (for example, interrupted by integrated phage or an insertion sequence or editing) together with additional regions, that also may contain coding and/or non-coding sequences. The invention further relates to variants of the polynucleotides described herein that encode for variants of the polypeptide having a deduced amino acid sequence of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4]. Variants that are fragments of the polynucleotides of the invention may be used to synthesize full-length polynucleotides of the invention. Further particularly preferred embodiments are polynucleotides encoding hisS variants, that have an amino acid sequence of hisS polypeptide of Table 1 [SEQ ED NO:2 and 4] in which several, a few, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 2, 1 or no amino acid residues are substituted, deleted or added, in any combination. Especially preferred among these are silent substitutions, additions and deletions, that do not alter the properties and activities of hisS. Further preferred embodiments of the invention are polynucleotides that are at least 70% identical over their entire length to a polynucleotide encoding hisS polypeptide having an amino acid sequence set out in Table 1 [SEQ ID NO:2 and 4], and polynucleotides that are complementary to such polynucleotides. Alternatively, most highly preferred are polynucleotides that comprise a region that is at least 80% identical over its entire length to a polynucleotide encoding hisS polypeptide of the deposited strain and polynucleotides complementary thereto. In this regard, polynucleotides at least 90% identical over their entire length to the same are particularly preferred, and among these particularly preferred polynucleotides, those with at least 95% are especially preferred. Furthermore, those with at least 97% are highly preferred among those with at least 95%, and among these those with at least 98% and at least 99% are particularly highly preferred, with at least 99% being the more preferred. Preferred embodiments are polynucleotides that encode polypeptides that retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature polypeptide encoded by a DNA of Table 1 [SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3]. The invention further relates to polynucleotides that hybridize to the herein above- described sequences. In this regard, the invention especially relates to polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to the herein above-described polynucleotides. As herein used, the terms "stringent conditions" and "stringent hybridization conditions" mean hybridization will occur only if there is at least 95% and preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences. An example of stringent hybridization conditions is overnight incubation at 42°C in a solution comprising: 50% formamide, 5x SSC (150mM NaCl, 15mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH7.6), 5x Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 micrograms/ml denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the hybridization support in 0.1 x SSC at about 65°C. Hybridization and wash conditions are well known and exemplified in Sambrook, et al.. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1989), particularly Chapter 11 therein. The invention also provides a polynucleotide consisting essentially of a polynucleotide sequence obtainable by screening an appropriate library containing the complete gene for a polynucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 3 under stringent hybridization conditions with a probe having the sequence of said polynucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 3 or a fragment thereof; and isolating said DNA sequence. Fragments useful for obtaining such a polynucleotide include, for example, probes and primers described elsewhere herein. As discussed additionally herein regarding polynucleotide assays of the invention, for instance, polynucleotides of the invention as discussed above, may be used as a hybridization probe for RNA, cDNA and genomic DNA to isolate full-length cDNAs and genomic clones encoding hisS and to isolate cDNA and genomic clones of other genes that have a high sequence similarity to the hisS gene. Such probes generally will comprise at least 15 bases. Preferably, such probes will have at least 30 bases and may have at least 50 bases. Particularly preferred probes will have at least 30 bases and will have 50 bases or less. For example, the coding region of the hisS gene may be isolated by screening using the DNA sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 1 to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe. A labeled oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to that of a gene of the invention is then used to screen a library of cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members of the library the probe hybridizes to. The polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention may be employed, for example, as research reagents and materials for discovery of treatments of and diagnostics for disease, particularly human disease, as further discussed herein relating to polynucleotide assays. Polynucleotides of the invention that are oligonucleotides derived from the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: l and/or 2 may be used in the processes herein as described, but preferably for PCR, to determine whether or not the polynucleotides identified herein in whoie or in part are transcπbed in bacteria in infected tissue It is recognized that such sequences will also have utility in diagnosis of the stage of infection and type of infection the pathogen has attained The invention also provides polynucleotides that may encode a polypeptide that is the mature protein plus additional amino or carboxyl-terminal amino acids, or amino acids inteπor to the mature polypeptide (when the mature form has more than one polypeptide chain, for instance). Such sequences may play a role in processing of a protein from precursor to a mature form, may allow protein transport, may lengthen or shorten protein half-life or may facilitate manipulation of a protein for assay or production, among other things. As generally is the case in vivo, the additional amino acids may be processed away from the mature protein by cellular enzymes. A precursor protein, havmg the mature form of the polypeptide fused to one or more prosequences may be an inactive form of the polypeptide When prosequences are removed such inactive precursors generally are activated Some or all of the prosequences may be removed before activation. Generally, such precursors are called proproteins In sum, a polynucleotide of the invention may encode a mature protem, a mature protein plus a leader sequence (which may be referred to as a preprotein), a precursor of a mature protein having one or more prosequences that are not the leader sequences of a preprotein, or a preproprotein, which is a precursor to a proprotem, having a leader sequence and one or more prosequences, which generally are removed dunng processing steps that produce active and mature forms of the polypeptide Vectors, host cells, expression The invention also relates to vectors that compπse a polynucleotide or polynucleotides of the invention, host cells that are genetically engineered with vectors of the invention and the production of polypeptides of the invention by recombinant techniques. Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs denved from the DNA constructs of the invention For recombinant production, host cells can be genetically engineered to incorporate expression systems or portions thereof or polynucleotides of the invention Introduction of a polynucleotide into the host cell can be effected by methods descπbed in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis et al , BASIC METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, (1986) and Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed , Cold Spnng Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spnng Harbor, N Y (1989), such as, calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, microinjection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, scrape loading, ballistic introduction and infection. Representative examples of appropnate hosts include bacteπal cells, such as streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci E coli, streptomyces and Bacillus subtdis cells, fungal cells, such as yeast cells and Aspergillus cells; insect ceils such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells, animal cells such as CHO, COS, HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, 293 and Bowes melanoma cells, and plant cells A great vanety of expression systems can be used to produce the polypeptides of the invention Such vectors mclude, among others, chromosomal, episomal and virus-deπved vectors, e.g , vectors denved from bactenal plasmids, from bactenophage, from transposons, from yeast episomes, from insertion elements, from yeast chromosomal elements, from viruses such as baculoviruses, papova viruses, such as SV40, vaccinia viruses, adenoviruses, fowl pox viruses, pseudorabies viruses and retroviruses, and vectors denved from combinations thereof, such as those denved from plasmid and bactenophage genetic elements, such as cosmids and phagemids The expression system constructs may contain control regions that regulate as well as engender expression. Generally, any system or vector suitable to maintain, propagate or express polynucleotides and/or to express a polypeptide ui a host may be used for expression in this regard The appropnate DNA sequence may be inserted into the expression system by any of a vanety of well-known and routme techniques, such as, for example, those set forth in Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, (supra) For secretion of the translated protein into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, into the peπplasmic space or into the extracellular environment, appropnate secretion signals may be incoφorated into the expressed polypeptide These signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide or they may be heterologous signals Polypeptides of the mvention can be recovered and puπfied from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and lectin chromatography Most preferably, high performance liquid chromatography is employed for puπfication Well known techniques for refolding protein may be employed to regenerate active conformation when the polypeptide is denatured duπng isolation and or puπfication Diagnostic Assays This invention is also related to the use of the hisS polynucleotides of the invention for use as diagnostic reagents. Detection of hisS in a eukaryote, particularly a mammal, and especially a human, will provide a diagnostic method for diagnosis of a disease Eukaryotes (herein also "ιndιvιdual(s)"), particularly mammals, and especially humans, infected with an organism compnsmg the hisS gene may be detected at the nucleic acid level by a vanety of techniques Nucleic acids for diagnosis may be obtained from an infected individual's cells and tissues, such as bone, blood, muscle, cartilage, and skin. Genomic DNA may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzymatically by usmg PCR or other amplification technique pnor to analysis. RNA or cDNA may also be used in the same ways Using amplification, characteπzation of the species and strain of prokaryote present in an individual, may be made by an analysis of the genotype of the prokaryote gene. Deletions and insertions can be detected by a change in size of the amplified product in companson to the genotype of a reference sequence Point mutations can be identified by hybπdizing amplified DNA to labeled hisS polynucleotide sequences Perfectly matched sequences can be distinguished from mismatched duplexes by RNase digestion or by differences tn melting temperatures. DNA sequence differences may also be detected by alterations tn the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA fragments in gels, with or without denaturing agents, or by direct DNA sequencing. See, e.g , Myers et al., Science, 230 1242 (1985). Sequence changes at specific locations also may be revealed by nuclease protection assays, such as RNase and S 1 protection or a chemical cleavage method See, e g , Cotton et al , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , USA, 85' 4397-4401 (1985) Cells carrying mutations or polymorphisms in the gene of the invention may also be detected at the DNA level by a vanety of techniques, to allow for serotyping, for example. For example, RT-PCR can be used to detect mutations It is particularly preferred to used RT-PCR in conjunction with automated detection systems, such as, for example, GeneScan RNA or cDNA may also be used for the same purpose, PCR or RT-PCR The invention further provides these pnmers with 1, 2, 3 or 4 nucleotides removed from the 5' and/or the 3' end These pπmers may be used for, among othe4r thmgs, amplifying hisS DNA isolated from a sample denved from an individual The pπmers may be used to amplify the gene isolated from an infected individual such that the gene may then be subject to vanous techniques for elucidation of the DNA sequence In this way, mutations in the DNA sequence may be detected and used to diagnose infection and to serotype and/or classify the infectious agent. The invention further provides a process for diagnosing, disease, preferably bactenal infections, more preferably infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and most preferably otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, sinusitis, pleura! empyema and endocarditis, and most particularly meningitis, such as for example infection of cerebrospinal fluid, compnsmg determining from a sample denved from an individual a increased level of expression of polynucleotide having the sequence of Table 1 [SEQ ID NO 1 ] Increased or decreased expression of hisS polynucleotide can be measured using any on of the methods well known in the art for the quantation of polynucleotides, such as, for example, amplification, PCR, RT-PCR, RNase protection. Northern blotting and other hybπdization methods In addition, a diagnostic assay in accordance with the invention for detecting over- expression of hisS protem compared to normal control tissue samples may be used to detect the presence of an infection, for example Assay techniques that can be used to determine levels of a hisS protein, in a sample denved from a host are well-known to those of skill in the art Such assay methods include radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot analysis and ELISA assays Antibodies The polypeptides of the mvention or vanants thereof, or cells expressing them can be used as an immunogen to produce antibodies immunospecific for such polypeptides "Antibodies" as used herein includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, chimeπc, single chain, simianized antibodies and humanized antibodies, as well as Fab fragments, including the products of an Fab immunolglobulin expression library Antibodies generated agamst the polypeptides of the invention can be obtained by admimstenng the polypeptides or epitope-beaπng fragments, analogues or cells to an animal, preferably a nonhuman, using routine protocols For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique known in the art that provides antibodies produced by continuous cell Ime cultures can be used Examples include vanous techniques, such as those in Kohler, G and Milstein, C , Nature 256' 495-497 (1975), Kozbor et al , Immunology Today 4- 72 (1983), Cole et al , pg 77- 96 in MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND CANCER THERAPY, Alan R Liss, Inc (1985) Techniques for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S Patent No 4,946,778) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies to polypeptides of this mvention Also, transgenic mice, or other organisms such as other mammals, may be used to express humanized antibodies Alternatively phage display technology may be utilized to select antibody genes with binding activities towards the polypeptide either from repertoires of PCR amplified v- genes of lymphocytes from humans screened for possessing anti-hisS or from naive libraries (McCafferty, J. et al., (1990), Nature 348, 552-554; Marks, J. et al., (1992) Biotechnology 10, 779-783). The affinity of these antibodies can also be improved by chain shuffling (Clackson, T. et al., (1991) Nature 352, 624-628). If two antigen binding domains are present each domain may be directed against a different epitope - termed 'bispecific' antibodies. The above-described antibodies may be employed to isolate or to identify clones expressing the polypeptides to purify the polypeptides by affinity chromatography. Thus, among others, antibodies against hisS- polypeptide may be employed to treat infections, particularly bacterial infections and especially otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, sinusitis, pleural empyema and endocarditis, and most particularly meningitis, such as for example infection of cerebrospinal fluid. Polypeptide variants include antigenically, epitopically or immunologically equivalent variants that form a particular aspect of this invention. The term "antigenically equivalent derivative" as used herein encompasses a polypeptide or its equivalent which will be specifically recognized by certain antibodies which, when raised to the protein or polypeptide according to the invention, interfere with the immediate physical interaction between pathogen and mammalian host. The term "immunologically equivalent derivative" as used herein encompasses a peptide or its equivalent which when used in a suitable formulation to raise antibodies in a vertebrate, the antibodies act to interfere with the immediate physical interaction between pathogen and mammalian host. The polypeptide, such as an antigenically or immunologically equivalent derivative or a fusion protein thereof is used as an antigen to immunize a mouse or other animal such as a rat or chicken. The fusion protein may provide stability to the polypeptide. The antigen may be associated, for example by conjugation, with an immunogenic carrier protein for example bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Alternatively a multiple antigenic peptide comprising multiple copies of the protein or polypeptide, or an antigenically or immunologically equivalent polypeptide thereof may be sufficiently antigenic to improve immunogenicity so as to obviate the use of a carrier. Preferably, the antibody or variant thereof is modified to make it less immunogenic in the individual. For example, if the individual is human the antibody may most preferably be "humanized"; where the complimentarity determining region(s) of the hybridoma-derived antibody has been transplanted into a human monoclonal antibody , for example as described in Jones, P. et ai. (1986), Nature 321, 522-525 or Tempest et al.,(1991) Biotechnology 9, 266-273. The use of a polynucleotide of the invention in genetic immunization will preferably employ a suitable delivery method such as direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscles (Wolff et al., Hum Mol Genet 1992, 1 :363, Manthorpe et al.. Hum. Gene Ther. 1963:4, 419), delivery of DNA complexed with specific protein carriers (Wu et al., J Biol Chem. 1989: 264,16985), coprecipitation of DNA with calcium phosphate (Benvenisty & Reshef, PNAS, 1986:83,9551), encapsulation of DNA in various forms of liposomes (Kaneda et al., Science 1989:243,375), particle bombardment (Tang et al.. Nature 1992, 356: 152, Eisenbraun et al. f DNA Cell Biol 1993, 12:791) and in vivo infection using cloned retroviral vectors (Seeger et al., PNAS 1984:81,5849). Antagonists and agonists - assays and molecules Polypeptides of the invention may also be used to assess the binding of small molecule substrates and ligands in, for example, cells, cell-free preparations, chemical libraries, and natural product mixtures. These substrates and ligands may be natural substrates and ligands or may be structural or functional mimetics. See, e.g., Coligan et al.. Current Protocols in Immunology 1(2): Chapter 5 (1991). The invention also provides a method of screening compounds to identify those which enhance (agonist) or block (antagonist) the action of hisS polypeptides or polynucleotides, particularly those compounds that are bacteriostatic and/or bacteriocidal. The method of screening may involve high-throughput techniques. For example, to screen for agonists or antagoists, a synthetic reaction mix, a cellular compartment, such as a membrane, cell envelope or cell wall, or a preparation of any thereof, comprising hisS polypeptide and a labeled substrate or ligand of such polypeptide is incubated in the absence or the presence of a candidate molecule that may be a hisS agonist or antagonist. The ability of the candidate molecule to agonize or antagonize the hisS polypeptide is reflected in decreased binding of the labeled ligand or decreased production of product from such substrate. Molecules that bind gratuitously, i.e., without inducing the effects of hisS polypeptide are most likely to be good antagonists. Molecules that bind well and increase the rate of product production from substrate are agonists. Detection of the rate or level of production of product from substrate may be enhanced by using a reporter system. Reporter systems that may be useful in this regard include but are not limited to colorimetric labeled substrate converted into product, a reporter gene that is responsive to changes in hisS polynucleotide or polypeptide activity, and binding assays known in the art. Another example of an assay for hisS antagonists is a competitive assay that combines hisS and a potential antagonist with hisS-binding molecules, recombinant hisS binding molecules, natural substrates or ligands, or substrate or ligand mimetics, under appropnate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay. hisS can be labeled, such as by radioactivity or a coloπmetnc compound, such that the number of hisS molecules bound to a binding molecule or converted to product can be determmed accurately to assess the effectiveness of the potential antagonist. Potential antagonists mclude small organic molecules, peptides, polypeptides and antibodies that bind to a polynucleotide or polypeptide of the invention and thereby inhibit or extinguish its activity. Potential antagonists also may be small organic molecules, a peptide, a polypeptide such as a closely related protem or antibody that binds the same sites on a binding molecule, such as a binding molecule, without inducing hisS-induced activities, thereby preventing the action of hisS by excluding hisS from binding. Potential antagonists include a small molecule that binds to and occupies the binding site of the polypeptide thereby preventing binding to cellular binding molecules, such that normal biological activity is prevented. Examples of small molecules mclude but are not limited to small organic molecules, peptides or peptide-like molecules Other potential antagonists include antisense molecules (see Okano, J. Neurochem 56 560 (1991), OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOT1DES AS ANTISENSE INHIBITORS OF GENE EXPRESSION, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1988), for a descπption of these molecules) Preferred potential antagonists mclude compounds related to and vanants of hisS. Each of the DNA sequences provided herein may be used in the discovery and development of antibacteπal compounds. The encoded protein, upon expression, can be used as a target for the screening of antibacteπal drugs. Additionally, the DNA sequences encoding the amino terminal regions of the encoded protein or Shine-Delgarno or other translation facilitating sequences of the respective mRNA can be used to construct antisense sequences to control the expression of the coding sequence of interest The invention also provides the use of the polypeptide, polynucleotide or inhibitor of the invention to interfere with the initial physical interaction between a pathogen and mammalian host responsible for sequelae of infection. In particular the molecules of the invention may be used: m the prevention of adhesion of bacteria, in particular gram positive bacteria, to mammalian extracellular matπx proteins on m-dwelling devices or to extracellular matrix proteins in wounds; to block hisS protein-mediated mammalian cell invasion by, for example, initiating phosphorylation of mammalian tyrosine kinases (Rosenshine et al.. Infect. Immun. 60:221 1 (1992); to block bacterial adhesion between mammalian extracellular matrix proteins and bacterial hisS proteins that mediate tissue damage and; to block the normal progression of pathogenesis in infections initiated other than by the implantation of in-dwelling devices or by other surgical techniques. The antagonists and agonists of the invention may be employed, for instance, to inhibit and treat otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, sinusitis, pleura! empyema and endocarditis, and most particularly meningitis, such as for example infection of cerebrospinal fluid. Vaccines Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for inducing an immunological response in an individual, particularly a mammal which comprises inoculating the individual with hisS, or a fragment or variant thereof, adequate to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response to protect said individual from infection, particularly bacterial infection and most particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Also provided are methods whereby such immunological response slows bacterial replication. Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of inducing immunological response in an individual which comprises delivering to such individual a nucleic acid vector to direct expression of hisS, or a fragment or a variant thereof, for expressing hisS, or a fragment or a variant thereof in vivo in order to induce an immunological response, such as, to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response, including, for example, cytokine-producing T cells or cytotoxic T cells, to protect said individual from disease, whether that disease is already established within the individual or not. One way of administering the gene is by accelerating it into the desired cells as a coating on particles or otherwise. Such nucleic acid vector may comprise DNA, RNA, a modified nucleic acid, or a DNA/RNA hybrid. A further aspect of the invention relates to an immunological composition which, when introduced into an individual capable or having induced within it an immunological response, induces an immunological response in such individual to a hisS or protein coded therefrom, wherein the composition comprises a recombinant hisS or protein coded therefrom comprising DNA which codes for and expresses an antigen of said hisS or protein coded therefrom. The immunological response may be used therapeutically or prophylactically and may take the form of antibody immunity or cellular immunity such as that arising from CTL or CD4+ T cells. A hisS polypeptide or a fragment thereof may be fused with co-protein which may not by itself produce antibodies, but is capable of stabilizing the first protein and producing a fused protein which will have immunogenic and protective properties Thus fused recombinant protein, preferably further comprises an antigenic co-protein, such as lipoprotein D from Hemophilus influenzae, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or beta- galactosidase, relatively large co-protems which solubilize the protein and facilitate production and puπfication thereof. Moreover, the co-protein may act as an ad j uvant in the sense of providing a generalized stimulation of the immune system The co-protein may be attached to either the amino or carboxy terminus of the first protein Provided by this invention are compositions, particularly vaccine compositions, and methods compπsing the polypeptides or polynucleotides of the invention and immunostimulatory DNA sequences, such as those descπbed in Sato, Y. et al. Science 273 352 (1996) Also, provided by this invention are methods using the descπbed polynucleotide or particular fragments thereof which have been shown to encode non- vaπable regions of bactenal cell surface proteins in DNA constructs used in such genetic immunization experiments in animal models of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae will be particularly useful for identifying protein epitopes able to provoke a prophylactic or therapeutic immune response. It is believed that this approach will allow for the subsequent preparation of monoclonal antibodies of particular value from the requisite organ of the animal successfully resisting or clearing infection for the development of prophylactic agents or therapeutic treatments of bacteπal infection, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, in mammals, particularly humans The polypeptide may be used as an antigen for vaccination of a host to produce specific antibodies which protect agamst invasion of bacteπa, for example by blocking adherence of bacteria to damaged tissue. Examples of tissue damage include wounds in skin or connective tissue caused, e.g., by mechanical, chemical or thermal damage or by implantation of indwelling devices, or wounds in the mucous membranes, such as the mouth, mammary glands, urethra or vagina The invention also includes a vaccine formulation which comprises an immunogenic recombinant protein of the invention together with a suitable carrier. Since the protein may be broken down in the stomach, it is preferably administered parenterally, including, for example, administration that is subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, or intradermal Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non- aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation insotonic with the bodily fluid, preferably the blood, of the individual; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents or thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dried condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier immediately prior to use. The vaccine formulation may also include adjuvant systems for enhancing the immunogenicity of the formulation, such as oil-in water systems and other systems known in the art. The dosage will depend on the specific activity of the vaccine and can be readily determined by routine experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to certain hisS protein, it is to be understood that this covers fragments of the naturally occurring protein and similar proteins with additions, deletions or substitutions which do not substantially affect the immunogenic properties of the recombinant protein. Compositions, kits and administration The invention also relates to compositions comprising the polynucleotide or the polypeptides discussed above or their agonists or antagonists. The polypeptides of the invention may be employed in combination with a non-sterile or sterile carrier or carriers for use with cells, tissues or organisms, such as a pharmaceutical carrier suitable for administration to a subject. Such compositions comprise, for instance, a media additive or a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such carriers may include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol and combinations thereof. The formulation should suit the mode of administration. The invention further relates to diagnostic and pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the aforementioned compositions of the invention. Polypeptides and other compounds of the invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds. The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in any effective, convenient manner including, for instance, administration by topical, oral, anal, vaginal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal or intradermal routes among others. In therapy or as a prophylactic, the active agent may be administered to an individual as an injectable composition, for example as a sterile aqueous dispersion, preferably isotonic. Alternatively the composition may be formulated for topical application for example in the form of ointments, creams, lotions, eye ointments, eye drops, ear drops, mouthwash, impregnated dressings and sutures and aerosols, and may contain appropriate conventional additives, including, for example, preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration, and emollients in ointments and creams. Such topical formulations may also contain compatible conventional carriers, for example cream or ointment bases, and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions. Such carriers may constitute from about 1% to about 98% by weight of the formulation; more usually they will constitute up to about 80% by weight of the formulation. For administration to mammals, and particularly humans, it is expected that the daily dosage level of the active agent will be from 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, typically around 1 mg/kg. The physician in any event will determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual and will vary with the age, weight and response of the particular individual. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case. There can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention. In-dwelling devices include surgical implants, prosthetic devices and catheters, i.e., devices that are introduced to the body of an individual and remain in position for an extended time. Such devices include, for example, artificial joints, heart valves, pacemakers, vascular grafts, vascular catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, urinary catheters, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) catheters. The composition of the invention may be administered by injection to achieve a systemic effect against relevant bacteria shortly before insertion of an in-dwelling device. Treatment may be continued after surgery during the in-body time of the device. In addition, the composition could also be used to broaden perioperative cover for any surgical technique to prevent bacterial wound infections, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae wound infections. Many orthopaedic surgeons consider that humans with prosthetic joints should be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment that could produce a bacteremia. Late deep infection is a serious complication sometimes leading to loss of the prosthetic joint and is accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. It may therefore be possible to extend the use of the active agent as a replacement for prophylactic antibiotics in this situation. In addition to the therapy described above, the compositions of this invention may be used generally as a wound treatment agent to prevent adhesion of bacteria to matrix proteins exposed in wound tissue and for prophylactic use in dental treatment as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, antibiotic prophylaxis. Alternatively, the composition of the invention may be used to bathe an indwelling device immediately before insertion. The active agent will preferably be present at a concentration of 1 μg/ml to lOmg/ml for bathing of wounds or indwelling devices. A vaccine composition is conveniently in injectable form. Conventional adjuvants may be employed to enhance the immune response. A suitable unit dose for vaccination is 0.5-5 microgram/kg of antigen, and such dose is preferably administered 1-3 times and with an interval of 1-3 weeks. With the indicated dose range, no adverse toxicological effects will be observed with the compounds of the invention which would preclude their administration to suitable individuals. Each reference disclosed herein is incoφorated by reference herein in its entirety. Any patent application to which this application claims priority is also incoφorated by reference herein in its entirety. EXAMPLES The examples below are carried out using standard techniques, which are well known and routine to those of skill in the art, except where otherwise described in detail. The examples are illustrative, but do not limit the invention. Example 1 Strain selection, Library Production and Sequencing Polynucleotides having the DNA sequence given in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3 was obtained from a library of clones of chromosomal DNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae in E. coli. The sequencing data from two or more clones containing overlapping Streptococcus pneumoniae DNAs was used to construct the contiguous DNA sequence in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3. Libraries may be prepared by routine methods, for example: Methods 1 and 2 below. Total cellular DNA is isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae 0100993 according to standard procedures and size-fractionated by either of two methods. Method 1 Total cellular DNA is mechanically sheared by passage through a needle in order to size-fractionate according to standard procedures. DNA fragments of up to I lkbp in size are rendered blunt by treatment with exonuclease and DNA polymerase, and EcoRI linkers added. Fragments are ligated into the vector Lambda ZapII that has been cut with EcoRI, the library packaged by standard procedures and E.coli infected with the packaged library. The library is amplified by standard procedures. Method 2 Total cellular DNA is partially hydrolyzed with a one or a combination of restriction enzymes appropriate to generate a series of fragments for cloning into library vectors (e.g., Rsal, Pall, Alul, Bshl235I), and such fragments are size-fractionated according to standard procedures. EcoRI linkers are ligated to the DNA and the fragments then ligated into the vector Lambda ZapII that have been cut with EcoRI, the library packaged by standard procedures, and E.coli infected with the packaged library. The library is amplified by standard procedures. Example 2 hisS Characterization The enzyme mediated incoφoration of radiolabelled amino acid into tRNA may be measured by the aminoacylation method which measures amino acid-tRNA as trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity from radiolabelled amino acid in the presence of tRNA and ATP (Hughes J, Mellows G and Soughton S, 1980, FEBS Letters, 122:322- 324). Thus inhibitors of histidyl tRNA synthetase can be detected by a reduction in the trichloroacetic acid precipitable radioactivity relative to the control. Alternatively the tRNA synthetase catalysed partial PPi/ATP exchange reaction which measures the formation of radiolabelled ATP from PPi can be used to detect histidyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors (Calender R & Berg P, 1966, Biochemistry, 5, 1681-1690). SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION (1) APPLICANT: Lawlor, Elizabeth (ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Novel Compounds (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 4 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A) ADDRESSEE: SmithKline Beecham Corporation (B) STREET: 709 Swedeland Road (C) CITY: King of Prussia (D) STATE: PA (E) COUNTRY: USA (F) ZIP: 19406-0939 (V) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE: Diskette (B) COMPUTER: IBM Compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: DOS (D) SOFTWARE: FastSEQ for Windows Version 2.0 (VI) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA. (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: (B) FILING DATE: 18-APR-1997 (C) CLASSIFICATION: (VII) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 9607993.4 (B) FILING DATE: 18-APR-1996 (Vlli) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: (A) NAME: Gimmi , Edward R (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 38,891 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: P31457-1 (ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION: (A) TELEPHONE: 610-270-4478 (B) TELEFAX: 610-270-5090 (C) TELEX: (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1107 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO.l: ■ ATGAAATTAC AAAAACCAAA AGGAACGCAG GATATTTTAC CTGCTGAATC TGCTAAGTGG 60 CAGTACGTTG AGGGCTTTGC CCGTGAGATT TTCAAGCGCT ATAACTATGC AGAAGTGCGC 120 ACGCCTATTT TTGAGCATTA CGAGGTTATC AGTCGCTCTG TCGGAGATAC AACGGATATC 180 GTAACCAAGG AAATGTACGA TTTTTATGAC AAGGGTGACC GTCATATTAC CCTCCGTCCA 240 GAAGGAACTG CGCCCGTTGT CCGTTCCTAT GTGGAAAATA AACTCTTCGC CCCAGAAGTG 300 CAAAAGCCAA GCAAGTTCTA CTACATGGGA CCTATGTTCC GTTATGAGCG TCCACAGGCA 360 GGGCGCTTGC GCCAATTCCA CCAGATTGGT GTTGAGTGTT TTGGTTCTAG CAATCCAGCT 420 ACCGATGTGG AAACAATCGT TATGGCAGCC CATTTTTTGA AGGAAATCGG TATTCAAGGT 480 GTCAAATTGC ACCTCAACAC TCTTGGAAAT CCTGAGAGCC GTGCAGCCTA CCGCCAAGCC 540 TTGATTGACT ATTTGACACC GCTCAAGGAG ACCTTGTCTA AGGATAGCCA ACGTCGCTTG 600 GAGGAAAATC CTCTTCGTGT CTTGGACTCT AAGGAAAAAG AAGACAAGGT GGCAGTAGAG 660 AATGCGCCGT CTATCTTGGA CTTTCTTGAT GAAGAAAGCC AAACTCATTT TGATGCTGTG 720 AGTCAGATGT TGGAAAATCT TGGAGTAGAT TACATCATCG ATACCAATAT GGTGCGTGGT 780 CTGGACTACT ACAACCACAC CATTTTCGAG TTTATCACAG AGATTGAGGG CAATGACTTG 840 ACAGTCTGTG CGGGTGGTCG CTACGATGGT TTGGTTGCTT ACTTTGGAGG CCCTGAAACT 900 GCTGGATTTG GTTTTGGGCT TGGTGTAGAG CGCCTGCTTC TCATCCTTGA AAAACAAGGC 960 GTGGCCCTCC CTATCGAAAA TGCCCTAGAT GTCTATATCG CAGTCTTGGG TGATGGAGCA 1020 AATGTCAAAG CCCTAGAACT AGTCCAAGCC CTTCGCCAAC AAGGTTTCAA AGCAGAGCGT 1080 GATTACCTCA ACCGTAAACT CAAAGCT 1107 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 369 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2 : Met Lys Leu Gin Lys Pro Lys Gly Thr Gin Asp Ile Leu Pro Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Ser Ala Lys Trp Gin Tyr Val Glu Gly Phe Ala Arg Glu Ile Phe Lys 20 25 30 Arg Tyr Asn Tyr Ala Glu Val Arg Thr Pro Ile Phe Glu His Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Val Ile Ser Arg Ser Val Gly Asp Thr Thr Asp Ile Val Thr Lys Glu 50 55 60 Met Tyr Asp Phe Tyr Asp Lys Gly Asp Arg His lie Thr Leu Arg Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Gly Thr Ala Pro Val Val Arg Ser Tyr Val Glu Asn Lys Leu Phe 85 90 95 Ala Pro Glu Val Gin Lys Pro Ser Lys Phe Tyr Tyr Met Gly Pro Met 100 105 110 Phe Arg Tyr Glu Arg Pro Gin Ala Gly Arg Leu Arg Gin Phe His Gin 115 120 125 Ile Gly Val Glu Cys Phe Gly Ser Ser Asn Pro Ala Thr Asp Val Glu 130 135 140 Thr Ile Val Met Ala Ala His Phe Leu Lys Glu lie Gly Ile Gin Gly 145 150 155 160 Val Lys Leu His Leu Asn Thr Leu Gly Asn Pro Glu Ser Arg Ala Ala 165 170 175 Tyr Arg Gin Ala Leu Ile Asp Tyr Leu Thr Pro Leu Lys Glu Thr Leu 180 185 190 Ser Lys Asp Ser Gin Arg Arg Leu Glu Glu Asn Pro Leu Arg Val Leu 195 200 205 Asp Ser Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Lys Val Ala Val Glu Asn Ala Pro Ser 210 215 220 Ile Leu Asp Phe Leu Asp Glu Glu Ser Gin Thr His Phe Asp Ala Val 225 230 235 240 Ser Gin Met Leu Glu Asn Leu Gly Val Asp Tyr Ile Ile Asp Thr Asn 245 250 255 Met Val Arg Gly Leu Asp Tyr Tyr Asn His Thr Ile Phe Glu Phe Ile 260 265 270 Thr Glu Ile Glu Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr Val Cys Ala Gly Gly Arg Tyr 275 280 285 Asp Gly Leu Val Ala Tyr Phe Gly Gly Pro Glu Thr Ala Gly Phe Gly 290 295 300 Phe Gly Leu Gly Val Glu Arg Leu Leu Leu Ile Leu Glu Lys Gin Gly 305 310 315 320 Val Ala Leu Pro Ile Glu Asn Ala Leu Asp Val Tyr Ile Ala Val Leu 325 330 335 Gly Asp Gly Ala Asn Val Lys Ala Leu Glu Leu Val Gin Ala Leu Arg 340 345 350 Gin Gin Gly Phe Lys Ala Glu Arg Asp Tyr Leu Asn Arg Lys Leu Lys 355 360 365 Ala (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 418 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 3 : ATGAAATTAC AAAAACCAAA AGGAACGCAG GATATTTTAC CTGCTGAATC TGCTAAGTGG 60 CAGTACGTTG AGGGCTTTGC CCGTGAGATT TTCAAGCGCT ATAACTATGC AGAAGTGCGC 120 ACGCCTATTT TTGAGCATTA CGAGGTTATC AGTCGCTCTG TCGGAGATAC AACGGATATC 180 GTAACCAAGG AAATGTACGA TTTTTATGAC AAGGGTGACC GTCATATTAC CCTCCGTCCA 240 GAAGGAACTG CGCCCGTTGT CCGTTCCTAT GTGGAAAATA AACTCTTCGC CCCAGAAGTG 300 CAAAAGCCAA GCAAGTTCTA CTACATGGGA CCTATGTTCC GTTATGAGCG TCCACAGGCA 360 GGGCGCTTGC GCCAATTCCA CCAGATTGGT GTTGAGTGTT TTGGTTCTAG CAATCCAG 418 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 140 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 4: Met Lys Leu Gin Lys Pro Lys Gly Thr Gin Asp Ile Leu Pro Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Ser Ala Lys Trp Gin Tyr Val Glu Gly Phe Ala Arg Glu Ile Phe Lys 20 25 30 Arg Tyr Asn Tyr Ala Glu Val Arg Thr Pro Ile Phe Glu His Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Val lie Ser Arg Ser Val Gly Asp Thr Thr Asp lie Val Thr Lys Glu 50 55 60 Met Tyr Asp Phe Tyr Asp Lys Gly Asp Arg His lie Thr Leu Arg Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Gly Thr Ala Pro Val Val Arg Ser Tyr Val Glu Asn Lys Leu Phe 85 90 95 Ala Pro Glu Val Gin Lys Pro Ser Lys Phe Tyr Tyr Met Gly Pro Met 100 105 110 Phe Arg Tyr Glu Arg Pro Gin Ala Gly Arg Leu Arg Gin Phe His Gin 115 120 125 lie Gly Val Glu Cys Phe Gly Ser Ser Asn Pro 130 135

Claims: What is claimed is: 1 An isolated polynucleotide compnsmg a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of (a) a polynucleotide having at least a 70% identity to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide compnsmg the ammo acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 2 or 4, (b) a polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotide of (a), (c) a polynucleotide having at least a 70% identity to a polynucleotide encoding the same mature polypeptide expressed by the hisS gene contained in the Streptococcus pneumoniae of the deposited strain, and (d) a polynucleotide compnsmg at least 15 sequential bases of the polynucleotide of (a), (b) or (c) 2 The polynucleotide of Claim 1 wherein the polynucleotide is DNA 3 The polynucleotide of Claim 1 wherein the polynucleotide is RNA 4 The polynucleotide of Claim 2 compnsmg the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO l or 3 5 The polynucleotide of Claim 2 compnsmg nucleotide 1 to 1107 set forth in SEQ ID NO 1 6 The polynucleotide of Claim 2 which encodes a polypeptide compnsmg the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 2 or 4 7 A vector compnsmg the polynucleotide of Claim 1 8 A host cell compnsmg the vector of Claim 7 9 A process for producing a polypeptide compπsing expressing from the host cell of Claim 8 a polypeptide encoded by said DNA 10 A process for producing a hisS polypeptide or fragment compπsing culturing a host of claim 8 under conditions sufficient for the production of said polypeptide or fragment 11 A polypeptide compnsmg an ammo acid sequence which is at least 70% identical to the ammo acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 2 or 4 12 A polypeptide compπsing an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ED NO 2 or 4 13 An antibody agamst the polypeptide of claim 11 14 An antagonist which inhibits the activity or expression of the polypeptide of claim 1 1 15 A method for the treatment of an individual in need of hisS polypeptide compπsing adrninistenng to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of the polypeptide of claim 11 16 A method for the treatment of an individual having need to inhibit hisS polypeptide compπsing administeπng to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of the antagonist of Claim 14 17 A process for diagnosing a disease related to expression or activity of the polypeptide of claim 11 in an individual compπsing (a) determinmg a nucleic acid sequence encoding said polypeptide, and/or (b) analyzing for the presence or amount of said polypeptide in a sample denved from the individual 18 A method for identifying compounds which interact with and inhibit or activate an activity of the polypeptide of claim 1 1 compnsmg contacting a composition compnsmg the polypeptide with the compound to be screened under conditions to permit mteraction between the compound and the polypeptide to assess the interaction of a compound, such mteraction bemg associated with a second component capable of providmg a detectable signal in response to the interaction of the polypeptide with the compound, and determining whether the compound interacts with and activates or inhibits an activity of the polypetide by detecting the presence or absence of a signal generated from the interaction of the compound with the polypeptide 19 A method for inducing an immunological response in a mammal which compπses inoculating the mammal with hisS polypeptide of claim 11, or a fragment or vanant thereof, adequate to produce antibody and/or T cell immune response to protect said animal from disease 20 A method of inducing immunological response in a mammal which comprises delivering a nucleic acid vector to direct expression of hisS polypeptide of claim 11, or fragment or a vanant thereof, for expressing said hisS polypeptide, or a fragment or a variant thereof in vivo in order to induce an immunological response to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response to protect said animal from disease

Inventors: LAWLOR ELIZABETH JANE, LAWLOR, ELIZABETH, JANE
Applicants: LAWLOR ELIZABETH JANE, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORP, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PLC, LAWLOR, ELIZABETH, JANE, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORPORATION
Application year: 1997
Main classification: C07H21
IPC codes: A61K31, A61K35, A61K38, A61K39, A61K45, A61K48, A61P31, A61P37, C07K14, C07K16, C12N1, C12N5, C12N9, C12N15, C12P21, C12Q1, C12R1, G01N33