SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ROUTING DATA MESSAGES THROUGH A CABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Abstract: A system for the bi-directional routing of data messages over a CATV network is disclosed. In the CATV network, subscribers are coupled through taps (20) to service lines (18) extending from a service site (16). Data messages generated by a subscriber, which do not have a destination address corresponding to one of the service lines (18) extending from the service site (16) for the message generating subscriber, are provided to the next higher level of the CATV network over a receive cable (30). Each service site (16) has its own receive cable (30) which may be coupled to a distribution hub (14) or a headend (12). The receive cables (30) isolate the data messages of each service site (16) from the data messages sent by the other service sites (16). At the distribution hub (14) and headend (12), a switch is provided for each receive cable (30) and the switches are coupled to one another. At a distribution hub (14), data messages having a destination address corresponding to one of the other switches at the hub (14) are routed to the corresponding switch. Messages so received by a switch at a distribution hub (14) are provided through transmission cable (28) to the next lower network level coupled to the switch. Destination addresses in data messages not recognized by a switch at a distribution hub (14) are coupled to a receive cable (30) for transmission to the next higher level in the network. At the highest level of the network, a headend (12) is provided which includes a switch for each receive cable (30) coupled to the headend (12) and each switch at the headend (12) is coupled to the other switches for the routing of data messages as performed at the distribution hub (14). The system preferably includes frequency stackers and destackers so data messages from each service (18) line may be placed on separate data channels to further enhance message isolation and reduce message traffic in the spectrum of a transmission or receive cable.

Description: SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ROUTING DATA MESSAGES THROUGH A CABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Field of the Invention This invention relates to data communication, and more particularly, to data communication over cable television (CATV) networks. Background of the Invention Cable television systems are well known. These systems are usually compnsed of a headend with one or more trunk lines extendmg therefrom with each trunk line having a plurality of feeder lines extending therefrom into subscriber areas where each subscriber is attached via a line tap onto the feeder or service line. If the distances between the headend and subscπber areas are substantial, intervening distribution hubs may be located along the trunk lines to replenish the strength and quality of the signal being provided to subscribers Distribution hubs simply act as small headends and exist to ensure the quality of delivered signal in large CATV networks. Each distribution hub may, in turn, be coupled to a plurality of service sites by feeder lines. Each service site may have one or more service lines extending therefrom to couple a plurality of subscribers to the service site. In this network, a transmission signal is provided over the trunk lines to the distπbution hubs or service hubs. This amplified signal is then provided to the feeder lines extending from the distribution hub or service hub to provide the signal to the service sites. If the distance between a distribution hub and service site is so great as to erode signal strength to an unusable level, another distπbution hub may be interposed between the service site and first distribution hub to amplify the signal strength again. Amplification occurs along trunk, feeders, and service lines as necessary to maintain the transmission signal at an adequate level before being provided to subscπber equipment. Taps located at each subscπber site bπng the transmission signal into a subscπber's site. The transmission signal from the headend may include entertainment signals and data signals. The entertainment signals may be received as broadcast signals received via satellite from a broadcast signals onginating location. At the headend, each broadcast signal is placed on its own channel withm the spectrum of the trunk, feeder and service lines used in the CATV system. The spectrum of the lines coupling the CATV system together is the range of frequencies supported by the communication conduits used for the lines. In a typical CATV system, this spectrum is divided into a transmission portion and a return portion. The return portion of the spectrum may be used to support data transmissions, telemetry, and/or control information from subscπber sites back to the headend. The data transmissions from subscπbers typically include status information about the subscπber's equipment which may be used by components at the headend to ascertain the status of the cable system or subscπber equipment. The most common types of spectrum splitting methods are called sub-split, mid- split and high split Sub-split means a lower portion of the spectrum smaller than the transmission spectrum is available for the return spectrum. Mid-split means that the spectrum is allocated one-half to the transmission portion and one-half to the return spectrum. High split means an upper portion of the spectrum smaller than the return spectrum is used for the transmission spectrum. At the headend, each broadcast signal is allocated to a channel in the transmission spectrum. In a sub-split system, the first channel in the transmission spectrum begins at 55 MHz, for example. The width of the channel vanes according to the standard used for the system. In the United States, most CATV systems use National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard which allocates 6 MHz to each channel. In Europe, the Phase Alteration Line (PAL) standard is used which allocates 8 MHz to each channel. The frequency of a broadcast signal may be up-shifted or down-shifted to place the broadcast signal on one of the channels of the transmission portion of the spectrum of the transmission signal provided by the headend. The data signals at the headend may be received from one or more digital data sources (including subscπber equipment) and these signals may also be placed on a channel in the transmission signal for distπbution through the network. Typically, display devices such as televisions or the like at the subscriber sites use the broadcast signals to generate audio and video while data devices such as cable modems, or other intelligent devices, convert the data signals for use by computers or the like. The trunk, feeder and service lines of many CATV systems are all coaxial cables. Because the signals earned by coaxial cables are electπcal, these systems are susceptible to electπcal and electromagnetic noise from natural phenomena and other electrical or magnetic sources. In an effort to improve the claπty of the signals earned over a CATV system, coaxial cables used for trunk and feeder lines are being replaced by fiber optic cables. Because fiber optic cable carπes light signals, the signals are less susceptible to electπcal and electromagnetic noise from other sources Additionally, fiber optic cables carry signals for longer distances without appreciable signal strength loss than coaxial cable However, the cost of replacing coaxial cable with fiber optic cable has prevented many companies from converting their service lines to fiber optic cable. CATV systems having both fiber optic trunk and feeder lines along with coaxial service lines are typically called hybπd fiber cable (HFC) systems. In HFC systems, the service sites where the light signal from a fiber optic cable is converted to an electπcal signal for a coaxial service line is called a fiber node. Previously known CATV systems have limitations for supporting data communication in the return spectrum of a system. In a typical sub-split CATV system, the return spectrum is in the range of approximately 5 to 42 MHz. This leaves, at best, approximately six (6) channels for data communication back to the headend using the NTSC standard and about four (4) under the PAL standard. However, not all of these channels are equally desirable for data communication. Some of the channels m this range are more susceptible to noise degradation than other channels. As a result there are few good channels for data communications in a sub-spht system which is probably the most commonly used system type in the United States. In addition, standards are under development which may define channel widths for forward and return spectrum that are different than NTSC or PAL standards already established. Even if all the channels in the sub-split range are available for data communication use, other limitations aπse as the number of subscπbers in the system increase. Allocating the subscπbers coupled to a service line to the channels available in a return spectrum may place a reasonable number of subscπbers on each channel At the service site or fiber node, though, all of the service lines are typically merged so all subscπbers coupled to the service site or fiber node are allocated to the same available channels in the return spectrum of the cable connecting the service site to the distribution hub. At the distπbution hub, the data messages from each service site or fiber node coupled to the distribution hub are merged into the same spectrum of a trunk or feeder line. This merger of data messages from lower network levels to the return spectrum ofa single cable continues up to the headend In an effort to prevent all of the channel capacity being shared by a group of subscπbers from being consumed, a time frequency, or other multiplex scheme may be used. While this method allocates a time slot or frequency band on a channel for a subscπber, the time or spectrum available for messages decreases as the number of subscπbers decreases. For example, if a fiber node has four lines extending from it with each line having 125 customers, the 500 customers coupled to a service site or fiber node are put on six or fewer channels. At the distπbution hub coupled to the fiber node, there may be, for example, three other fiber nodes coupled as well. As a result, 2000 subscπbers now contend for data message space on the same six channels In a large metropolitan area where the number of subscπbers may be 200,000 or more, there may be as many as 30,000 subscπbers or more per channel Consequently, message traffic within a channel may become congested and overall performance of the messaging system degraded Likewise, the response time for messages is significantly increased as each subscπber must contend with a large number of other subscπbers for space on a channel within the return spectrum of the system. What is needed is a way to allocate the available return spectrum in a CATV system to subscπbers throughout the network without requiπng all of the subscπbers to contend for the same channels withm the return spectrum of a cable. Summary of the Invention The above limitations of previously known CATV systems are overcome by a system and method performed in accordance with the pπnciples of the present invention. The system of the present invention includes a headend for generating a transmission signal having broadcast and data signals, a plurality of service sites, each service site being coupled to the headend by a transmission cable and a return cable, the transmission cable to each service sites providing the transmission signal to the service sites, a plurality of service lines extending from each of the service sites to couple a plurality of subscπbers to the service sites and provide the transmission signal to the subscπbers, and a spectrum parallel router in each of the service sites, each SPR being coupled to one of the service lines extending from the service site, the SPR receives data messages from the subscnbers in the return spectrum of the service lines, the SPR routing data messages from one service line to another service coupled to the SPR which corresponds to a destination address in the received messages and places the received data messages on the return cable for transmission to the headend in response to the destination address in a data message not corresponding to one of the service lines coupled to the SPR so that the data messages from one service site are isolated from data messages from other service sites by the return cable The inventive system may also include a plurality of distπbution hubs which are coupled between the headend and the service site. More than one service site may be coupled to a distribution hub, however, each service site has its own transmission line and return line to couple the service site to the distπbution hub. At the distribution hub, a SPR is provided for each return line and each SPR is coupled to the transmission line for each fiber node. In response to a data message having a destination address that corresponds to one of the service sites coupled to a distnbution hub, a SPR sends the data message to the SPR at the distribution hub which is coupled to that service site. For data messages having a destination address which does not correspond to a service site coupled to a distnbution hub, the SPR sends the data message to the return cable coupling the SPR to the headend or next higher distπbution hub The return cable for each of the routers within a distribution hub are coupled to a corresponding router in the headend or next higher distnbution hub. Data messages which an SPR receives from another SPR at the distribution hub are provided to a transmission cable coupled to the next lower level of the network. In this manner, data messages from a service site are maintained in isolation from data messages from other service sites until a data message is coupled to a transmission cable to a lower network level either at a distribution hub or the headend. This scheme of isolating data messages from a service site as they are routed upwardly through the network to the headend or to the distπbution hub where a message may be coupled to a transmission cable to a lower level, is applicable to systems where the transmission and return lines are strands of a coaxial cable or fiber optic cable. Preferably, the SPRs at the service sites also include a frequency stacker so that data messages from each service line may be provided on a separate channel of the return cable. For example, if three service lines are coupled to a service site, the frequency stacker may place all of the data messages from a first service line onto a first channel of the return cable, the data messages of the second service line onto a second data channel, and the data messages of the third service line onto a third data channel A corresponding frequency destacker at the next higher level in the network places the data messages in the separate data channels in a common return spectrum for conversion and processing by the SPR at that level. By separating the data messages for each service line on a single return cable, isolation of the data messages for a service line is possible Most preferably, the SPRs of the present invention include a switch for routing data messages based on a destination address in the data messages Each switch is an intelligent device having programmed logic which may be stored in non-volatile memory or hardwired To route a message, the switch compares the destination address in a data message to addresses stored in an address table of the switch. If the destination address corresponds to an address m the table, the switch routes the data message to the switch at the same level corresponding to the destination address. If the address is not in the table, the SPR receives a data message from a switch at the same network level, it sends the data message to a transmission line coupled to the next lower network level, preferably, the SPR compares a source address in data messages sent by switches at the same level to a channel address table The data message is then sent to the input ofa frequency stacker corresponding to the switch which corresponds to data channel for the source address. In this manner, separation and isolation of data messages m the transmission cables of the network may also be obtained. At the headend (or even at the distribution hub), destination addresses not corresponding to an address in the address table of a switch preferably correspond to destination addresses for other networks Preferably, the headend or distribution hub of the present invention is provided with a gateway device which couples to other networks and routes such data messages to the other networks, including the Internet. The headend, preferably, also includes an ad server which may be used to overlay portions of broadcast and data signals in the transmission signal before it is provided to the network. The present invention may be used in CATV systems in which the transmission cables, return cables and services lines are either all fiber optic cables or coaxial cables. In HFC systems, the invention is preferably implemented with a SPR having a group transceiver for each coaxial service line at a service site and a fiber optic transmitter and fiber optic coaxial receiver for coupling the SPR of the service site to the return cable and transmission cable to the next higher level, although other implementations are with the scope of the invention if the service lines are also fiber optic cables, a SPR may also be used at a subscπber site to route broadcast signals to display device and data signals to data devices. Each switch of a SPR at a subscπber site may return data messages on a return cable which is a strand of the fiber optic cable not used by the other subscπber sites coupled to the service line. In this way, the data messages of subscπbers may be isolated from one another Additionally, a SPR at a subscπber site may include a frequency stacker that places data messages from different data devices at the subscπber site onto data channels ofa return cable. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention may be ascertained by reviewing the detailed specification below m conjunction with the drawings Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a block diagram ofa CATV system utilizing the inventive routing method of the present invention; Fig. 2A is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the spectrum parallel router used at a service site shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 2B is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the spectrum parallel router as implemented in a distπbution head or headend of the system shown m Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the spectrum parallel router used at a service site shown in Fig 1 ; and Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the spectrum parallel router as implemented in a distπbution head or headend of the system shown in Fig. 1. Detailed Description of the Invention A system made in accordance with the pπncφles of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1. That system 10 includes a headend 12, a plurality of distnbution hubs 14 and a plurality of service sites 16. Each service site 16 is coupled to one or more service lines 18 to which a plurality of subscπbers are coupled through taps 20. Coupling each service site 16 to a corresponding distribution hub 14 is a transmission cable 28 and a receive cable 30. These cables and service lines 18 may all be fiber-optic cables or coaxial cables. In a HFC system transmission cables 28 and receive cables 30 are fiber optic cables while service lines 18 are coaxial cables. In this type of system, service site 16 is generally known as a fiber node The term "fiber node" is commonly used to descnbe a component where signals earned by optic cables from a higher level are converted to electncal signals for coaxial cables As used herein, the term service site includes fiber node. Each service site connected to a distπbution hub has its own transmission and receive cable to couple the service site to the distnbution hub. Headend 12 is coupled to each distπbution hub 14 by transmission cables 28 and receive cables 30 As shown in Fig. 1, headend 12 is the highest level of the CATV and is denoted as level 1 Distnbution hubs 14 are denoted as level 2 and the service sites as level 3. Fig 1 is merely illustrative of a system incoφorating the pnnciples of the present invention and additional levels of distπbution hubs 14 may be provided between headend 12 and service sites 16, as is well known The headend 12 of Fig. 1 generates a transmission signal having broadcast and data signals stacked in the transmission spectrum of transmission cables 28 and service lines 18, as well known. Preferably, headend 12 includes a transmission cable/receive cable pair for each service site 18 in the network. An alternative embodiment supporting data message isolation through the return cables only may use only one transmission cable 28 to couple a distribution hub to headend 12. An alternative embodiment of the fiber node is shown in Fig. 2A Each service line 18 is coupled to a group transceiver 40 which is in turn coupled to a router or switch 42 Router or switch, as used in this patent, refers to an intelligent data communication device. The intelligence may either be hardwired logic or it may be programmed logic which has been stored in non-volatile memory such as PROM or ROM Known switches of this type include Ethernet level 3 switches, token πng 802.5 switches or FDDI or ATM switches and routers Switch 42 is programmed to identify the destination address and source address within a data message. Techniques for identifying such addresses within a messages are well known withm the art Switch 42 also includes an address table which identifies the addresses of all subscπbers coupled to a service site 18 By compaπng a destination address to the addresses in the address table of a switch, switch 42 determines whether the message is to be routed to a group transceiver 40 within the service site 18 Switch 42 also includes a plurality of outputs, the number of which correspond to the number of service lines coupled to switch 42 through group transceivers 40 These outputs are coupled through bndges 44 and up-frequency stacker 48 to a transmitter 50 Each group transceiver 40 is also coupled to receiver 52 which receives the transmission signal from cable 28 and provides the transmission signal to the group transceiver for transmission over service lines 18 Each group transceiver 40 includes a bndge 58, a translator 60, a low bandwidth receiver 62, a high frequency transmitter or diplex filter 64 and couplers 68 The components of group transceiver 40 for coupling to both fiber optic cable and coaxial cable are well known in the art Translator 60 has its input coupled to low frequency receiver 62 through a coupler 68 and its output is coupled through a pair of couplers 68 to high frequency transmitter/filter 64. This arrangement permits data messages received on the low frequency return spectrum of a sub-split spectrum system to be up-shifted in frequency to a channel within the transmission spectrum of the transmission signal used for data messages This signal is then provided to high frequency transmitter/filter 68 for transmission down service line 18 In this manner, data equipment at a subscπber site may veπfy that the message had been received by the fiber node and compute timing and other communication parameters therefrom. Bπdge 58 converts digital data received from switch 42 to analog data at a frequency which corresponds to the data channel for a group transceiver within the transmission signal and it also converts analog data messages received from receiver 62 to digital data for delivery to switch 42. As stated above, switch 42 maintains address tables which identify destination addresses which are coupled to service site 16 through one of the group transceivers 40 Using these address tables, switch 42 may identify the destination address of a data message as corresponding to one of the group transceivers within service site 16. If it does, switch 42 provides the digital data to the bndge 58 of the corresponding group transceiver 40 so the message may be sent down the service line 18 to the subscnber identified by the destination address in the data message. If the destination address does not correspond to one of the addresses in the address table, switch 42 provides the data message on the output corresponding to the group transceiver 40 which sent the message and the corresponding bπdge 44 coupled to that output provides an analog signal, preferably, to a frequency stacker 48 Alternatively, stacker 48 may be eliminated and all of the data signals may be placed on the same channel or frequency in the return spectrum of receive cable 30 by transmitter 50 In yet another alternative embodiment, transmitter 50 may place data messages from each group transceiver 40 on different channels withm the spectrum of receive cable 30. However, the data messages from each group transceiver 40 are preferably placed in their own spectrum withm the entire spectrum supported by receive cable 30. In this manner, groups of subscπbers may be placed on different channels within the spectrum of receive cable 30 used for a group transceiver 40. This method of operation provides the most isolation of the data messages as they progress upwardly through network 10. An alternative embodiment of distribution hub 14 or headend 12 which operates in con j unction with the alternative embodiment of service site 16 is shown in Fig. 2B. At a distribution hub 14, a receiver 52 is provided for each fiber node or distnbution hub of the next lower level coupled to the distnbution hub. Receiver 52 provides analog signals from the spectrum used for data messages m receive cable 30. If the embodiment of service site 16 which stacks a spectrum for each of the group transceivers is used, distnbution hub 14 has a corresponding frequency destacker 70 which places the return spectrum of each group transceiver 40 in a common spectrum range. This signal is then provided to translator 60 and bπdge 58 which correspond to the frequency downshifted group transceiver channel The translator frequency shifts the analog signal to a frequency which corresponds to a data message channel in the transmission signal and provides the data message to transmitter 50. In this manner, the data message is returned to service line 18 which onginated the data message so the subscπber equipment may venfy receipt of the message at the distribution hub and modify communication timing and other parameters. Bndge 58 converts the data message to digital format so switch 42 in the distnbution hub may determine whether the destination address corresponds to another distπbution hub or service site from the next lower level coupled to the distπbution hub. If it does, the data message is routed through line 86 to another switch at the distπbution hub corresponding to the destination address in the data message The message is sent via one of the bndges 58 so it may be placed in the data message channel of the transmission signal being sent to the corresponding distπbution hub or service site. If switch 42 does not identify the destination address as belonging to a distribution hub or service site coupled to the distribution node, the data message is provided through an output corresponding to the group transceiver channel to a bndge 44 which converts the data message to an analog signal which is provided to transmitter 50. Transmitter 50 may include a frequency stacker 48 for stacking the spectrums of the group transceivers processed by switch 42 or, as explained above, all of the data messages may be included in a single spectrum on receive cable 30 extending to the next higher level of the network. The structure of headend 12 in the alternative embodiment is the same as that shown m Fig. 2B except that receiver 52 and transmitter 50 which extend to the next highest level in the network are not provided. Instead, the devices which provide the broadcast signals and data signals from external sources are provided as a transmission signal which is coupled to each transmitter 50 for transmission to the next lower level in the network. Additionally, each switch 42 at headend 12 is also coupled via line 86 to the other switches at the headend and to a gateway 74 for coupling to other networks including the Internet. Any destination address which is not recognized by a switch 42 m headend 12 as belonging to CATV network 10 is provided to gateway 74 for deliver to a destination on the corresponding other network. As can be seen in Figs. 2 A and B and ascertained from the above-descπption, service site 16, distnbution hubs 14, and headend 12 as implemented in accordance with the alternative embodiment of the present mvention provide isolation for data messages received from each service line at a service site, at a minimum, up to the point at which the data message is coupled into the transmission signal. When frequency stackers and destackers are used to stack spectrums for data message transmissions from a lower level to a higher level and destack the spectrums at the next higher level, data message isolation may be maintained for each group transceiver as well. In this embodiment, equipment at a subscnber site monitors the data message channels in the transmission signal and, upon recognizing the destination address as its own address, retrieves the data message from the transmission signal. Preferably, a spectrum parallel router is used to route data message traffic in system 10. The preferred spectrum parallel router ("SPR") 80, as implemented m a service site 16, is shown m Fig. 3. The SPR 80 includes a router or switch 42 which is coupled to a plurality of group transceivers 40. The signal lines connecting group transceivers 40 and switch 42 are bi-directional. Also coupled to switch 42 is receiver 52 and transmitter 50 In an all fiber optic or HFC system, receiver 52 and transmitter 50 are fiber optic receivers and transmitters, respectively Receiver 52 includes a frequency destacker 70 which provides data signals from a channel within the channels transmission signal on separate outputs. Preferably, each of these data channels correspond to the return spectrum used for each service line serviced by a service site. Preferably, this includes all or a portion of 37-MHz spectrum in the range 5- 42 MHz for a sub-split system The transmission signal received by receiver 52 is provided to notch filter 84 to provide the broadcast signals in the transmission spectrum to coupler 86 Coupler 86 provides the transmission signal to each group transceiver 40 in SPR 80. Each data channel is provided to a corresponding bπdge 44 which in turn is coupled to switch 42. Also coupled to each bπdge 44 is an input of frequency stacker 48 which corresponds to the same data channel for a group transceiver 40 withm the spectrum of return cable 30 coupled to transmitter 50. Bndges 44 are controlled by switch 42 to receive data messages on a data channel from receiver 52 or to provide data messages on a data channel to its corresponding input at frequency stacker 48 for transmitter 50 Switch 42 may be any type of intelligent switching device which utilizes address information m a data message to route data messages to corresponding locations. Such a switch may be a Level 3 Ethernet switch, a token nng switch, an ATM switch, FDDI or the like Likewise, bndges 58 are intelligent devices which monitor data messages they receive from devices lower m the network and examine the source addresses in the messages. The source addresses are added to a source address table so bndges 58 may determine whether a data message oπginated from a device at a lower network level coupled to the bndge. The remaining components of the SPR in Fig. 3 are well known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. In further detail, group transceivers 40 include a bπdge 58, a translator 60, a low-bandwidth receiver 62, a high frequency transmitter 64, and couplers 68. High frequency transmitter or diplex filter 64 receives the broadcast signals from coupler 86 and data messages from switch 42 and bπdge 58 on the data channel corresponding to a group transceiver 40. The resulting transmission signal is provided by transmitter 64 onto service line 18 for distribution to subscnbers coupled to the service line. Data messages generated by subscπbers on the return spectrum of service line 18 are received by low frequency receiver 62 and are provided through coupler 68 and bridge 58 to switch 42. These messages are also provided to translator 60 which routes them through a pair of couplers back to high frequency transmitter 64 for transmission down service line 18. This return transmission of the message is to (1) permit a destination address identifying a subscπber on the service line which oπginated the data message to receive the data message, and (2) provide the sending subscπber with a copy of the message so the sender's equipment may calculate timing and other network communication parameters. The return signal is also provided through coupler 68 to bπdge 58. Bndge 58 converts the data messages on the return spectrum received by receiver 52 to digital data messages which are provided to switch 42 for routing. Switch 42 determines whether the destination address in each data message received from a group transceiver 40 corresponds to another group transceiver at the service site. If it does, switch 42 routes the data message to the appropnate group transceiver bndge 58 for transmission down the corresponding service line 18. If the data message does not correspond to any of the group transceivers at the service site, switch 42 sends the data message to the bndge 44 which corresponds to the data channel for the group transceiver which sent the message to switch 42. Each group transceiver 40 has a corresponding data channel so that data messages from each group transceiver may be separated from data messages from the other group transceivers. Bndge 44 converts the digital data message to an analog signal in the return spectrum of service line 18 and provides the analog signal to the input for the corresponding data channel at frequency stacker 48. The 5-42 MHz band for some of the data channels for the group transceivers are frequency up- shifted to an appropnate range in the spectrum available in receive cable 30 and provided to fiber-optic transmitter 50 for transmission to a distribution hub or headend. A preferred SPR for a distπbution head or headend is shown in Fig. 4. The transmission cable 28 to service site 16 is supplied by a transmitter 50 having an associated frequency stacker 48. The signal output by transmitter 50 directed towards the next lower network level is a transmission signal which includes the broadcast signals received by fiber receiver 52 which is coupled to headend 12 for receipt of a transmission signal As descnbed above, the transmission signal is provided to notch filter 84 which provides the broadcast signals to coupler 86 and to the transmitters 50 for each SPR in the distnbution hub. As previously discussed, receivers 52 also include a frequency destacker 70 which provides the data channels from the transmission signal corresponding to the group transceivers m a service site. Each data channel is provided to a bπdge 58 which converts the analog signals in the data channels to digital data messages which are provided to switch 42. Coupler 68 which provides the data channels to each bπdge 58 also provides the data channels to a corresponding translator 60 for delivery to the corresponding input for the data channel at frequency stacker 48 Again, this provides a copy of the data message from the distribution hub back to the subscπber's site for determination of network parameters Switch 42 includes a connection to the switches of the other SPRs contained withm the distribution hub. If switch 42 does not determine that a data message is for another SPR in the distribution hub, the data message is provided through one of the bndges 58 corresponding to the data channel on which the message was received. The data channel may be selected by compaπng a source address to a source address/data channel table The data channel in the table which corresponds to the source address in the message identifies the bndge 44 corresponding to the data channel for the group transceiver which sent the message The bndge 58 converts the message to an analog signal and provides the signal to the corresponding input of frequency stacker 48 for transmission to the headend or next higher distribution hub. If switch 42 determines that the data message corresponds to a SPR at the distnbution hub, switch 42 routes the message via line 86 to the corresponding SPR In response to receiving such data messages, switch 42 of a SPR provides the data message through bndge 58 to the data channel input of frequency stacker 48 corresponding to the group transceiver for transmission to the destination subscnber Transmitter 50 then transmits the data message on the data channel to the service site or distribution hub coupled to the transmitter. At the headend, a SPR having a receiver 52 and transmitter 50 are provided for each SPR located at a distribution hub coupled to the headend. The SPRs at the headend are coupled as discussed above with respect to the SPRs in the distπbution hub. Additionally, headend 12 may be coupled via line 86 to a gateway 200 which couples headend 12 to other networks including the Internet. In this embodiment, a switch in a SPR at the headend may determine that a data message does not correspond to any destination address for a subscπber withm the network. In that case, switch 42 provides the data message to gateway 200 which in turn encapsulates the data message in an appropnate message protocol for routing through the other network. In a similar manner, gateway 200 may receive data messages from another network and recognize the destination address as belonging to a subscnber on network 10. Such a data message is directed to the SPR at the headend which determines the destination address coupled to the SPR. The message is then directed through the distribution hub/service site network to the corresponding subscnber. An ad insert server 90 is preferably provider at headend 12 to insert advertising and other information, which may be provided from remote sources, into the broadcast signals. Thus, the SPR of the present invention permits overlay of content withm the broadcast signals generated at the headend before they are provided throughout the network. Preferably, the SPRs of the present invention are used in a HFC network. Most preferably, the SPRs of such a network at the fiber node are coupled to the subscπbers through coaxial services lines and are coupled to the next higher level of the network through fiber-optic cables. Each of the higher levels of the network are also coupled to one another through fiber-optic networks In this manner, the reliability and claπty obtained through fiber-optic cables may be used without requiπng the capital cost of replacing the coaxial service lines. In such a system, the transmitters and transceivers on each end of a transmission and receive cable are fiber-optic receivers and transmitters. Because the transmitter and router of a SPR coupled to a fiber-optic cable may each use a single strand of the cable, the present invention may be implemented in the system without requmng additional cables. The present invention may also be implemented m a system m which all of the transmission and receive cables are coaxial cables as well as the service lines. In this type of system, the receive cable for each SPR must be a separate coaxial cable and the transmission cable for each SPR in the preferred embodiment of the invention must also be a coaxial cable. While there is expense involved in providing the additional coaxial cable, such a system still provides the isolated data channels for the return spectrum communications which improve the data message traffic problems of present systems. Another extension of the present invention is to use fiber-optic cables for service lines 18. In this type of system, SPRs may also be included at each subscπber site. The address tables for the switch m the SPR at the subscπber site may be used to direct data messages to cable modems or other data processing equipment within the home while broadcast signals are directed to display devices television or the like. Thus, the SPR of the present invention may be utilized in an all coaxial cable, all fiber-optic cable, or hybrid fiber-coaxial cable system. The present invention may also be implemented m mid-split and high-split systems to isolate data messages up to the headend, down to the service sites or in both directions. To construct a system m accordance with the pπnciples of the present invention, existing distnbution hubs and service sites of a CATV system are provided with SPRs to route data traffic through the network. Specifically, at the fiber nodes, each service line is coupled to the SPR installed in the service sites. Thereafter, the SPR collects data messages from subscπbers on the service lines and either routes them to the service line coupled to the service sites which corresponds to the destination address or transmits the data messages that are not addressed to a subscπber coupled to the service sites to the next higher level in the network The data messages are placed m the data channel corresponding to group transceiver which received a message and transmitted to the next highest level of the network At a distribution hub, the number of SPRs provided at the hub correspond to the number of service sites coupled to the hub. Each of the switches for the SPRs at the hub are connected to the switches of the other SPRs at the hub so that the switches may route data messages to the service site which corresponds to a destination address for a subscnber coupled to a service site which is connected to the distribution hub. For each SPR in a distπbution hub, messages not having a destination address which corresponds to a service site coupled to the distribution hub are sent to a transmitter for transmission to the next level of the network. The transmitters for each SPR at the distnbution hub have a corresponding SPR and receiver at the next layer of the network. At the headend, the switch withm each SPR is coupled to the switches in the other SPRs so that the switches may provide data messages having destination addresses which correspond to service sites coupled to the headend through the SPRs at the headend. If any switch at the headend cannot determine that a destination address in a message is associated with any of the SPRs at the headend, the message is provided to a gateway for distnbution over another network Likewise, the headend is preferably provided with an ad insert server which may be used to insert overlay information into the broadcast signals as they are distπbuted through the network. Additionally, a processor may be provided at the headend having its own unique destination address so that data messages may be received by the processor from subscπbers. In this manner, the operator of the CATV system may communicate with individual subscnbers. Because the SPRs are modular in construction, the organization of distnbution hubs, headers, and service sites is relatively easy to implement. Additionally, the system of the present invention permits subscπbers to communicate with other subscπbers through the network or other sites over the Internet or other networks without having to contend with all of the subscπbers within the network for message time in the return spectrum of the same communication cables of the network. Accordingly, communication throughout the network is more reliable and faster than systems previously known. While the present invention has been illustrated by a descnption of preferred and alternative embodiments and processes, and while the preferred and alternative embodiments processes have been descnbed m considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled m the art. What is claimed is:

Claims: 1. A system for communicating data messages within a CATV network compnsmg- a headend for generating a transmission signal having broadcast and data signals; a plurality of service sites, each service site being coupled to said headend by a transmission cable and a return cable, said transmission cable to each service site providing said transmission signal to said service site; a plurality of service lines extending from each of said service sites to couple a plurality of subscπbers to said service sites and provide said transmission signal to said subscπbers; and a spectrum parallel router (SPR) in each of said service sites, said SPR being coupled to said service lines extending from said service site, said SPR for receiving data messages from said subscπbers in a return spectrum of said service lines, said SPR routing data messages from one service line to another service line coupled to said SPR which corresponds to a destination address in said received data messages and placing said received data messages on said return cable for transmission to said headend in response to said destination address in a data message not corresponding to one of said service lines coupled to said SPR so that said data messages from one service site are isolated from data messages from other service sites by said return cable. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein said transmission cable, return cable and said service lines are coaxial cables. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein said SPR places data messages for each service line on a separate data channel of said return cable. 4. The system of claim 2 wherein said transmission cable and said return cable are fiber optic cables and said SPR further includes: a fiber optic receiver coupled to said transmission cable to receive said transmission signal; a group transceiver for each of said service lines, each group transceiver for transmitting said transmission signal received by said fiber optic receiver to said subscnbers within a transmission spectrum of said service line and for receiving data messages from said subscnbers withm a return spectrum of said service line; a fiber optic transmitter coupled to said return cable; and a switch for receiving said received data messages from said group transceivers and for routing said received data messages to one of a group transceiver other than the one which received said data message from a subscπber and said fiber optic transmitter for transmission over said return cable to said headend in correspondence with said destination address within said received data messages so that data messages not corresponding to one of said group transceivers in said SPR are isolated by said return cable from other data messages from other SPRs being sent to said headend. 5. The system of claim 4, said SPR further compnsmg: a frequency stacker coupled between said fiber optic transmitter and said switch, said frequency stacker for frequency upshiftmg data messages within a common return spectrum for at least one of said group transceivers to a data channel in a spectrum of said return cable so that said data messages received by one of said group transceivers which are transmitted to said headend are separated from said data messages received by said other group transceivers m said SPR; and a frequency destacker at said headend for receiving said data messages within said spectrum of said return cable, said frequency destacker for frequency downshifting said data messages on said data channel in said spectrum of said return cable to said common return spectrum. 6. The system of claim 5 further compnsmg: a frequency stacker at said headend coupled to said transmission cable for frequency upshiftmg data messages having a destination address which corresponds to one of said group transceivers at a service site to a data channel in a transmission spectrum of said transmission cable so that said data messages received by said headend having a destination address corresponding to said one of said group transceivers at said service site are separated from said data messages being sent over said transmission cable by said headend to said other group transceivers at said service site; and a frequency destacker coupled between said fiber optic receiver and said switch at said service site for receiving said data messages within said transmission spectrum of said transmission cable, said frequency destacker for frequency downshifting said data messages on said data channel in said transmission spectrum to said common return spectrum and providing said data messages to said switch. 7. The system of claim 6, said headend further compnsmg: a SPR for each service site coupled to said headend, each SPR having a switch with inputs coupled to a corresponding frequency destacker and with outputs coupled to a corresponding frequency stacker, said switch of each SPR also having an output coupled to said switches m said other SPRs at said headend, said switch for routing data messages received from said corresponding frequency destacker to switches in said other SPRs in response to said destination address corresponding to one of said other SPRs and for routing to said frequency stacker said data messages having destination addresses corresponding to one of said group transceivers at said service site coupled to said SPR. 8. The system of claim 7, said headend further compnsmg a gateway for coupling to other networks; and said switches in said SPRs in said headend being coupled to said gateway, said switches routing said data messages to said gateway having a destination address which does not correspond to one of said group transceivers coupled to said headend 9. The system of claim 8 wherein one of said other networks is the Internet. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein said transmission cable, said return cable and said service lines are fiber optic cables 11 The system of claim 10, said SPR further includes a fiber optic receiver coupled to said transmission cable to receive said transmission signal, a group transceiver for each of said service lines, each group transceiver for transmitting said transmission signal received by said fiber optic receiver to said subscπbers within a transmission spectrum of said service line and for receiving data messages from said subscribers within a return spectrum of said service line; a fiber optic transmitter coupled to said return cable; and a switch for receiving said received data messages from said group transceivers and for routing said received data messages to one of a group transceiver other than the one which received said data message from a subscπber and said fiber optic transmitter for transmission over said return cable to said headend in correspondence with said destination address within said received data messages so that data messages not corresponding to one of said group transceivers in said SPR are isolated by said return cable from other data messages from other SPRs being sent to said headend. 12 The system of claim 11, said SPR at said service site further compnsmg a frequency stacker coupled between said fiber optic transmitter and said switch, said frequency stacker for frequency upshiftmg data messages within a common return spectrum for at least one of said group transceivers to a data channel in said spectrum of said return cable so that said data messages received by one of said group transceivers which are transmitted to said headend are separated from said data messages received by said other group transceivers in said SPR; and a frequency destacker at said headend for receiving said data messages withm said spectrum of said return cable, said frequency destacker for frequency downshifting said data messages on said data channel m said spectrum of said return cable to said common return spectrum 13. The system of claim 12, said SPR further compnsmg a frequency stacker coupled to said transmission cable for frequency upshiftmg data messages having a destination address which corresponds to one of said group transceivers at a service site to a data channel in a transmission spectrum of said transmission cable so that said data messages received by said headend having a destination address corresponding to said one of said group transceivers at said service site are separated from said data messages being sent over said transmission cable by said headend to said other group transceivers at said service site; and a frequency destacker coupled between said fiber optic receiver and said switch at said service site for receiving said data messages withm said transmission spectrum of said transmission cable, said frequency destacker for frequency downshifting said data messages on said data channel in said transmission spectrum to said common return spectrum and providing said data messages to said switch. 14 The system of claim 13, said headend further compnsmg- a SPR for each service site coupled to said headend, each SPR having a switch with inputs coupled to a corresponding frequency destacker and with outputs coupled to a corresponding frequency stacker, said switch of each SPR also having an output coupled to said switches in said other SPRs at said headend, said switch for routing data messages received from said corresponding frequency destacker to switches in said other SPRs in response to said destination address corresponding to one of said other SPRs and for routing to said frequency stacker said data messages having destination addresses corresponding to one of said group transceivers at said service site coupled to said SPR 15. The system of claim 14, said headend further compnsmg- a gateway for coupling to other networks; and said switches in said SPRs in said headend being coupled to said gateway, said switches routing said data messages to said gateway having a destination address which does not correspond to one of said group transceivers coupled to said headend. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein one of said other networks is the Internet 17 The system of claim 11 further compnsmg. a SPR at one of said subscnber sites, said SPR having a fiber optic receiver for receiving said transmission signal from said service line and frequency destacker for separating said broadcast signals from said data signals in said transmission signal, said SPR routing said broadcast signals to a display device and routing said data signals to a data device 18. The system of claim 17 said SPR at said subscnber site further compnsmg. a frequency stacker for frequency upshiftmg data messages received from said data device onto a data channel of a return cable withm said fiber optic cable of said service line, said return cable being coupled to a frequency destacker at said SPR at said service site. 19. The system of claim 1 further compnsmg: a plurality of distribution hubs being coupled between said headend and said service sites, each distπbution hub being coupled to at least one service site, each of said distribution hubs having a SPR for each service site coupled to said distπbution hub, each of said SPRs at said distribution hub being coupled to one another, said SPRs at said distπbution hub routing data messages to SPRs within said distribution hub in response to destination addresses m said data messages coπespondiπg to one of said service sites coupled to said distπbution hub and providing data messages having destination addresses not corresponding to a service site coupled to said distribution hub to said return cable corresponding to said SPR so that said data messages provided by one of said SPRs to a next level of said network .are isolated from said data messages provided by said other SPRs in said distribution hub. 20. The system of claim 1, said headend further compπsing- an ad server for overlaying a portion of said transmission signal provided from said headend to said fiber nodes. 21. A spectrum parallel router for a service site compnsmg: a receiver for receiving a transmission signal from a next higher level in a network, a plurality of group transceivers for coupling said transmission signal to a service line and for receiving data messages from said service line, each group transceiver being coupled to a service line; a transmitter for transmitting data messages to a next higher level in said network; and a switch coupled to each of said group transceivers for receiving data messages from said group transceivers, said switch routing said data messages from one group transceiver to another group transceiver in response to said data message having a destination address corresponding to one of said group transceivers coupled to a service line and said switch routing to said transmitter said data messages having destination addresses not corresponding to one of said group transceivers 22. The spectrum parallel router of claim 21 further compnsmg: a frequency stacker coupled to said switch and said transmitter, said frequency stacker for frequency upshiftmg data messages from said switch to a data channel in a spectrum of a cable coupled to said transmitter, said data channel corresponding to a source address in said data message. 23. The spectrum parallel router of claim 22 further compnsmg: a frequency destacker coupled to said receiver for frequency downshifting data channels from said transmission signal to a common return spectrum and providing data messages m said common return spectrum to said switch. 24. The spectrum parallel router of claim 23 wherein each data channel downshifted by said frequency destacker corresponds to one of said group transceivers. 25. A spectrum parallel router for a distnbution hub compnsmg: a receiver for coupling to a next lower network level; a first transmitter for coupling to a next higher network level; a second transmitter for coupling to said next lower network level; and a switch coupled to said receiver, said first transmitter and said second transmitter, said switch receiving data messages from said receiver and a switch at a same network level, said switch for routing data messages having destination addresses which correspond to an address in an address table of said switch to another switch at said same network level, said switch for providing said data messages to said first transmitter for transmission to said next higher network level in response to said destination address m said message not corresponding to one of said addresses m said address table of said switch and said switch for routing to said second transmitter data messages having destination addresses which correspond to a lower network level coupled to said switch. 26. The spectrum parallel router of claim 25 further compnsmg: a coupler for coupling a transmission signal from a headend to said second transmitter 27. The spectrum parallel router of claim 26 further compnsmg: a frequency destacker for frequency downshifting data channels from a return cable coupled to said receiver; and a frequency stacker for frequency upshiftmg data messages onto data channels of a cable coupled to said first transmitter, each of said data channels onto which said frequency stacker places data messages corresponding to one of said data channels from which said frequency destacker frequency downshifts. 28. The spectrum parallel router of claim 27 further compnsmg: a frequency stacker coupled to said switch and said second transmitter so that data messages from said switch may be placed on data channels of a cable coupled to said second transmitter to separate said data messages from one another 29. A method for communicatmg data messages in a CATV system compnsmg the steps of: receiving data messages from service lines coupled to a service site, and placing said data messages having a destination address not corresponding to said service site onto a spectrum of a return cable coupled to a headend so that data messages from a service site in a CATV system are isolated from other data messages being sent to said headend from other service sites in said CATV system. 30. The method of claim 29 further compnsmg the steps of: frequency stacking data messages having a destination address not corresponding to said service site onto a data channel in said spectrum of said return cable, each service line coupled to said service site having a corresponding data channel in said spectrum so that said data messages from one of said service lines are separated from said data messages from said other service lines on said return cable. 31. The method of claim 30 further compnsmg the steps of: frequency destackmg data channels from a transmission signal to provide data messages from said data channels to a service site; and routing said data messages on each data channel to its corresponding service line.

Inventors: WRIGHT TERRY, WRIGHT, TERRY
Applicants: CONVERGENCE SYSTEMS INC, CONVERGENCE SYSTEMS, INC.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: H04H1
IPC codes: H04H1, H04H20, H04H40