PIVOT MECHANISM FOR MOTOR CAR DOORS

Abstract: Pivot mechanism with pivotable arms for motor car doors and of the kind where the door can expose the entire door opening for stepping-in and stepping-out and the movement of the door outwards from the side of the car body is minimized thus that distance between door (2) and car (1) is as little as possible, whereby the mechanism has two supporting arms (3, 3'), which are each pivotally supported about hinges (6, 6') provided in the car door and each at their other end are pivotable about hinges (4, 4') provided in the car body, and where all hinges (4, 4', 6, 6') have their axes mutually in parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal mean plane of the car and under the same acute angle ( alpha ) to the horizontal, wherein the hinges (4, 4') mounted in the car body are provided on the forward door post (5) and on the same normal plane to the longitudinal mean plane of the car and which supporting arms (3, 3') are interconnected by means of a stabilizing lever (7), which is articulately mounted on the supporting arms (3, 3') with its pivot points situated along an imagined line parallel to the theoretical connecting lines between the hinges (4, 4' and 6, 6') on the different arms, and which therefore provides a forced guiding between the two supporting arms (3, 3').

Description: PIVOT MECHANISM FOR MOTOR CAR DOORS Background of the invention The present invention refers to a pivot mechanism for motor car doors, e.g. doors of passenger cars. Nowadays it is traditionally almost only used one type of mechanism for suspending motor car doors, comprising simple, conventional hinges, which have been modified to some extent and which are usually mounted in the side of the forward door opening, and in the forward door edge, respectively, and the opening and closing movements of the door are caused in that the door leaf is allowed to pivot about the common hinge axis. This is a well-tested solution, which is simple and cheap to manufacture, and which is comparatively reliable. On the other hand it must be established that it is not quite practical for the opening function of the door. As the door is opened, the rear door edge thus will swing out from the side of the car, whereby a space for stepping-in and stepp- ing-out is formed between the rear door edge and the car body. In order to give a reasonable space, guaranteeing fairly free stepping-in and stepping-out, it is required that the door is opened so much that its rear edge is situated about 60 cm outside the side of the car body. Furthermore it is often difficult, not to say impossible, to open the car door so much as required for comfortable stepp- ing-in and stepping-out, due to different obstacles, such as other cars, parked close by in narrow parking lots, or walls and pillars in small villa garages, etcetera. As an alternative to these conventional door hinges for passenger cars, which thus in the open door position still limit the size of the stepping-in and stepping-out opening, and furthermore require rather big free space along the sides of the car, there are sliding doors of different types, which are used successfully in light transport cars and miniature buses. However this solution is hardly useful for passenger cars, as the mounting of the sliding mechanism and the reciprocating movement of the door leaf are obstructed by the front wheel of the vehicle. For using sliding door leafs it therefore is necessary to let the motion area of the door leaf extend rearwards, and for this reason sliding doors for passenger cars will cause that the car can be made only in a two door version. This is a limitation of the car type, which is not appreciated by everybody. Furthermore it is still difficult to find natural mounting attachments for the sliding mechanisms and it is necessary to design more or less complicated solutions, which mean increase in manufacturing costs and furthermore often make the doors unstable. Another type of alternative for the common car door hinges are mechanisms, which use pivotable arms, which e.g. often is utilized at buses. In such applications for passenger cars, the position of the front wheels however will limit the usefulness, at the same time as the movement of the door out from the car side remains, and for these reasons, those structures do not constitute any virtual solution of the problem defined. In US-A-4 632 447 and US-A-4 641 881 however, there are described two hinge mechanisms intended for passenger cars and having pivotable arms, which have been adapted for use at passenger cars, but also in these cases the door leaf moves, when opened, a short distance out from the side of the car, at the same time as the size of the door opening is limited. GB-A-902405 discloses an arm mechanism solution wherein one of the hinges has been provided at a substantial distance from the other for making the system stable, and where the hinge located lowermost is mounted in the middle of the door opening. At opening the lower arm therefore will be a sub¬ stantial obstacle for stepping-in and stepping-out. The door will also move outwards and this undesired movement can not be eliminated by essentially angling the motion plane for the arms horizontally, as this should mean that the above described problems then should be aggravated to such extent that this should result in that the above described problems should then be aggravated so much that stepping-in and stepping-out should be rather difficult. Purpose and most essential features of the invention The purpose of the invention is to provide a hinge mechanism for car doors of the type, which is equipped with pivotable arms and which is designed for eliminating the above described deficits and provide a mechanism, which permits that the door can be opened thus that substantially the entire door opening is exposed without any part of the car door moving more than a short distance outside the side of the car body, which has been achieved in that the mechanism has been given the features defined in the accompanying claim 1. Description of drawings Hereinafter the invention will be further described with reference to an embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In Fig. 1 is shown in a view from behind a passenger car, partially in a schematical cross section and with the left front door shown in open position. Fig. 2 is a partial view from the left side of the front portion of the car according to Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows schematically in a view from above the posi¬ tions of the door leaf in relation to car body and front wheel in completely closed and completely open position. Description of preferred embodiments In Fig. 1 is shown in a schematical view from behind a passenger car 1, whereby the left side is shown in cross- section at a section on level with the front door 2, which is shown in completely open position. The hinge mechanism according to the invention is useful, i.a. in passenger cars for the front doors as well as for the rear doors and it incorporates two arms 3, 3' of substantially the same length, the length of which correspond to about half the length of the door and which are each one at one end articu¬ lately connected via a first hinge 4,4' to the forward edge 5 of the door opening at a mutual distance above each other. The opposite end of each arm 3, 3' is articulately connected to a second hinge 6, 6' each, mounted substantially at the middle of the door leaf and at substantially the same mutual distance above each other as the first hinges 4, 4' . All hinges 4,4',6, 6' are mounted in angled position thus that their hinge axes, which are situated on a normal plane to the longitudinal medium axis of the car, form an acute angle α with the horizontal plane, and which angle α can amount to about 30°. All hinges are furthermore arranged in parallel with each other. Between the arms 3, 3' is articulately connected a stability lever 7. The stability lever 7 is mounted at both ends on the arms 3, 3', via links 8, 8', thus that it interconnects the two arms. The links 8, 8' can basically be provided anywhere on the arms, but still so, that they always are at the same distance from the asso¬ ciated arm end and therefore the pivot points for the stability lever will always be situated on an imagined line, which is parallel to imagined lines, which extend via the associated hinges 4, 4' and 6, 6', respectively. This device corresponds to a theoretical mechanism, wherein two dowels are articulately interconnected by means of three additional parallel dowels having a mutual distance from each other. In the case described the arms 3, 3' thus are interconnected by the door post 5, the stability lever 7 and the door 2. At a short distance from its attachment to the car body fixed hinge 4, 4', each arm 3, 3' is provided with a bend about a line parallel to the hinge axes, thus that each arm is angled between a short portion 3a, 3a' attached to the car body hinge 4 and 4', respectively, and a longer portion 3b, 3b', which is attached to the door hinge 6 and 6', respectively. In the closed position of the door the two arm portions 3b, 3b', attached to the door hinges lay in parallel to the longitudinal medium axis of the car, whereby one of the arms 3 lays just about in the middle of the vertical direction of the door, whereas the other arm 3' lays at a substantial distance below the first one, i.e. in the vicinity of the lower edge of the door, which means a distance of about 200- 300 mm. The hinges are in principle positioned on a vertical door post, which means that the door opening will be op¬ timized, and the lower arm 3', is hidden between the lower edge of the door and the door sill. As the door is opened, the geometry described causes that the arms will pivot in parallel to each other about the hinges 4, 4' , mounted in the car body. Thereby the arms 3, 3' will move in two parallel planes, which are arranged perpendicularly to the hinge axes and are angled against the vertical line. The arms urge the door 2 to move along a path, which is circular in the plane of motion of the arms. This combined movement can be subdivided in three motion directions relative to the car, i.e. forward, upward and outward. As the axes of the hinges are arranged under an angle to the horizontal, the motion plane of the arms will minimize the undesired movement outwards in that the major part of the combined movement is a movement upwards, which motion component is utilized to lift the door leaf above a front wheel which has been obliquely positioned to extreme extent, and which would form an obstacle for opening the door if the door leaf should move at the same level as in its closed position. The distance between the arms, both in vertical and longitudinal direction makes the door always to be in parallel with the car. In Fig. 3 the mechanism according to the invention is shown in perspective. For allowing the door to be opened to a maximum extent it is necessary to have the stabilizing lever 7, due to the fact that a mechanism which consisted only of four arms and four links should become unstable when all links are positioned at a common, imagined line. In the embodiment shown, this unstable position would be reached without a stabilizer, as the hinges mounted on the door pass the door post when all four hinges are situated in the same normal plane with reference to the longitudinal mean axis. In this position the arms could happen to get crossed and this would cause the door to tilt, either forward of rearward, which ab¬ solutely is unacceptable. In the unstable position the door is only half opened and thereby the space for stepping-in and stepping-out is particularly limited. A stability lever according to the invention causes a forced guidance and therefore the door can be pushed forwards in a stable manner beyond the critical point so far as the other design permits, and to be closed in the same manner, respectively. The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in the drawings and described in connection thereto but modifica¬ tions and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Pivot mechanism using pivotable arms for motor car doors, e.g. passenger car doors and of the kind, where the door can be opened thus, that the entire door opening will become substantially free for stepping-in and stepping-out and that the movement of the door outwards from the side of the car body is minimized thus that the distance between the door (2) and the car (1) is as little as possible, whereby for each car door (2 ) are provided two supporting arms (3,3' ) , which are each at one end pivotally supported about hinges ( 6, 6' ) provided in the car door and each at their other end are pivotable about hinges (4, 4' ) provided in the car body of the passenger car (1), and where all hinges (4, 4',6, 6' ) are arranged with their axes mutually in parallel and perpendicularly to the longitudinal mean plane of the car and under one and the same acute angle (α) to the horizon¬ tal, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the hinges (4, 4' ) mounted in the car body of the passenger car ( 1 ) are provided on the forward door post ( 5) and on the same normal plane to the longitudinal mean plane of the car and which supporting arms (3, 3' ) are intercon¬ nected by means of a stabilizing lever (7) , which is articu- lately mounted on the supporting arms (3, 3' ) thus that its points of articulation are situated along an imagined line, which is in parallel to the theoretical connecting lines between the corresponding hinges (4, 4' and 6, 6 ' ) on the different arms, and which therefore provides a forced guid- ing of the two supporting arms (3, 3* ) in relation to each other. 2. A pivot mechanism according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that length of both supporting arms (3, 3' ) are the same. 3. A pivot mechanism according to claim 1 or 2 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that each supporting arm (3, 3' ) at a short distance from its end supported in the car body connected hinge (4, 4' ) has a bend about a line being parallel to the hinge axes (4, 4', 6, 6' ). 4. A pivot mechanism according to anyone of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the hinges (4,4' ) in the door post ( 5 ) are arranged thus and with such a mutual spacing, that the first portion of the upper supporting arm (3) connecting to the upper door hinge is substantially horizontal at the middle point of the height of the door, whereas the lower supporting arm (3' ) connecting to the lower door hinge ( 6 ' ) is substantially parallel to the upper supporting arm (3) and located just above the lower edge of the door. 5. A pivot mechanism according to anyone of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the inclination angle (α) for the hinges (4, 4 ',6, 6') against the horizontal is about 30°.

Inventors: PENTTI KANERVA, KANERVA, PENTTI
Applicants: PENTTI KANERVA, KANERVA, PENTTI
Application year: 1997
Main classification: E05D3
IPC codes: B60J5, E05D3, E05D15