Bubble jet head and bubble jet apparatus employing the same

Abstract: Each of branched ink supply passages (42ai to 42an and 42bi to 42bn) in a driving substrates (32) is constituted of a parallel passage portion (46a) and a narrow passage portion (48a). An ink from an ink supply opening (32a) is supplied to a receptacle portions (50) respectively receiving heater portions (32ai to 32an and 32bi to 32bn) via the branched ink supply passages (42ai to 42an and 42bi to 42bn).

Description: The present invention relates to a bubble jet head arranged in opposition to a printing surface of a printing medium for ejecting an ink toward the printing surface by a pressure of a bubble, and an bubble jet apparatus employing such bubble jet head. In a bubble jet head, there are an edge shooter type and a side shooter type, in general. In the edge shooter type bubble jet head, ink ejection openings are provided on an edge portion as downstream portion with respect to heater portions as ink heating portions provided for respective of a plurality of branched ink passages for delivering an ink from an ink storage portion. On the other hand, in the side shooter type bubble jet head, the ink ejection openings are provided in opposition to the heater portions provided for respective of a plurality of the branched ink passages. In the side shooter type bubble jet head, high work efficiency of an electrical energy to be supplied to the heater portion is achieved for relatively short distance between the ejection opening forming surface and heating surfaces of the heater portions. On the other hand, the side shooter type bubble jet head is advantageous in that even when it is left for a while without being actuated and then printing operation is resumed in such condition, possibility of ejection failure incapable of ejecting ink droplet for increased viscosity of the ink due to evaporation of volatile component contained in the ink, can be significantly reduced. In the side shooter type bubble jet head, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 152068/1989, for example, there has been proposed one, in which the heater portion is disposed within a receptacle portion, one end of which is opened to an ink supply passage, and surrounded in order to reduce vibration of meniscus upon ejection of the ink and not to interfere ejection of the ink droplet, and a narrow passage portion (in the publication, it is referred to as "local restricting portion") is provided between a portion in the vicinity of an opening portion of a common ink supply passage and ends of respective ink supply passages. On the other hand, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 16365/1993, for example, there has been proposed one, in which bubble in expanded condition as heated by a heating surface of the heater portion is communicated with atmosphere in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening, and the ink covering the bubble and the ink in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening are continuous without being blocked by the bubble, so as to be employed in the side shooter type bubble jet head to efficiently eject relatively small ink droplet without spraying. In such bubble jet head, for speeding up the printing operation, it becomes important to shorten a period for refilling of ink, as important factor for setting a driving frequency. However, as in the foregoing example, when the heater portion is arranged within the receptacle portion and surrounded therein, and the descending cross sectional area passage portion (narrow passage portion) is provided between the opening portion of the common ink supply passage and the ends of respective ink supply passages, it is possible to increase flow resistance due to presence of the narrow passage portion. Thus, limitation should be caused in shortening of refilling period of the ink. On the other hand, upon high speed printing, residual bubble in the ink which should cause adverse effect of ejection speed of the ink droplet and ejecting direction of the ink droplet, can be retained within the ink supply passage due to presence of the narrow passage portion. On the other hand, as noted above, when the bubble in the expanded condition as heated by the heating surface of the heater portion is communicated to the atmosphere in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening, and the ink covering the bubble and the ink in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening are continuous without being blocked by the bubble, since meniscus which becomes relatively large (after ejection of ink droplet (after cutting the ink droplet)) is caused, it becomes particularly necessary to reduce flow resistance. Therefore, influence of the narrow passage portion for the refilling period of the ink is significant. EP-A-0 694 398 discloses a bubble jet head according to the preamble of claim 1. In consideration of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bubble jet head arranged in opposition to a printing surface of a printing medium for ejecting an ink toward the printing surface by a pressure of a bubble within the ink, and an bubble jet apparatus employing such bubble jet head, wherein a refilling period of the ink can be sufficiently shortened to permit speeding up of printing operation, and retention of residual bubble in the ink with in an ink supply passage can be avoided to enable stable ink ejecting operation. In order to achieve the above object, there is provided a bubble jet head according to claim 1. There is also provided a bubble jet apparatus according to claim 7. As can be appreciated from the above, with the bubble jet head according to the present invention and the bubble jet apparatus employing the bubble jet head, since the width of section of the branched ink supply passage in a direction perpendicular to a direction from the opening end portion to the ink ejection opening, in the branched ink supply passage is gradually reduced from the opening end portion toward the ink heating portion, capillary effect in the vicinity of the ink heating portion is promoted to sufficiently shorten the refilling period of the ink to permit high speed printing operation. Also, retention of the residual bubble in the ink within the ink supply passage can be successfully avoided to stabilize ink ejecting operation. On the other hand, in the case where the ink heating portion is surrounded by the wall portion of the receptacle portion formed continuously with the wall portion forming the circumferential edge portion of the branched supply passage, vibration of the ink ejection opening forming surface by the bubble generated in the ink can be restricted. Furthermore, when the bubble formed in the ink is in the expanded state as heated by the ink heating portion, the bubble is in communication with the atmosphere in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening. Also, since the ink covering the bubble and the ink in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening are continuous, when the ink is ejected, ejection amount and the ejection speed can be stabilized without causing splash of the ink in the vicinity of the ink ejection opening. The above and other objects, effects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is an enlarged section view showing one example of a major part of a bubble jet head according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged section view showing one example of the major part of the bubble jet head according to the present invention; Fig. 3 is a section view taken along line III - III in the example shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing one example of the bubble jet head according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a general perspective view of the major portion of an bubble jet apparatus employing the bubble jet head according to the present invention; Fig. 6 is an enlarged section view showing the major part of a branched ink supply passage of a driving substrate in a comparative example; and Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view showing the major part of another embodiment of the bubble jet head according to the present invention. Fig. 5 generally shows one example of a bubble jet head according to the present invention, and one example of the major part of an bubble jet apparatus employing such bubble jet head. In Fig. 5, the bubble jet apparatus is constructed with a transporting device 30 intermittently transporting a paper 28 as a printing medium provided along longitudinal direction within a casing 8 in a direction of arrow C shown in Fig. 5, a printing portion 10 reciprocating substantially in parallel to a direction perpendicular to the transporting direction of the paper 28 by the transporting device 30, and a printing portion driving portion 6 as driving means for reciprocally moving the printing portion 10. The transporting device 30 includes a pair of roller units 22a and 22b arranged in opposition to each other in substantially parallel relationship to each other, a pair of roller units 24a and 24b, and a driving portion 20 for driving the roller units 22a, 22b and 24a, 24b. By this, when the driving portion 20 is placed in operating condition, the paper 28 is transmitted intermittently as gripped between the roller units 22a and 22b and the roller units 24a and 24b. The printing portion driving portion 6 is constructed with a belt 16 stretched between pulleys 26a and 26b arranged on rotary shafts arranged in opposition with a predetermined interval, a guide shaft 14 guiding movement of a carriage member 10a of the printing portion 10 arranged substantially in parallel with respect to the roller units 22a and 22b, and a motor 18 driving the belt 16 connected to the carriage member 10a of the printing portion 10 in forward and reverse directions. When the motor 18 is placed in driving condition to circulate the belt 16 in the direction shown by arrow S in Fig. 5, the carriage member 10a of the printing portion 10 is shifted in a predetermined shifting amount in the same direction. On the other hand, when the motor 18 is placed in driving condition to circulate the belt 16 in the direction opposite to the direction shown by arrow S in Fig. 5, the carriage member 10a of the printing portion 10 is shifted in a predetermined shifting amount in the direction opposite to the direction shown by arrow S in Fig. 5. Also, on one end portion of the printing portion driving portion 6, a recovery unit 26 for performing ejection recovery process of the printing portion 10 is provided at the position to be a home position of the carriage member 10a, in opposition to the ink ejection opening array. The printing portion 10 is provided with bubble jet heads 12Y, 12M, 12C and 12B for respective colors of yellow, magenta, cyan and black, for example. On the other hand, ink tanks supplying respective color of inks to respective bubble jet jet heads 12Y, 12M, 12C and 12B are detachably mounted on the carriage member 10a of the printing portion 10. The bubble jet heads 12Y, 12M, 12C and 12B have mutually the same construction. Therefore, the following description will be given with respect to the bubble jet head 12Y, and description for other bubble jet heads 12M, 12C and 12B will be neglected for keeping the disclosure simple enough to facilitate clear understanding of the present invention. The bubble jet head 12Y is constructed with a driving substrate 32 fixed to a sub ink tank 40 as an ink storage portion, an orifice plate member 34 as an ink ejection opening forming surface fixed on the driving substrate 32, and an electrode plate member 36 electrically connected to the driving substrate 32 by a wire group 38 as shown in Fig. 4. The bubble jet head 12Y performs printing with maximum 8000 pixels per one second and thus, a scanning speed is set at 338.8 (mm/s), for example. The electrode plate member 36 is provided with a plurality of electrode portions 36a electrically connected to respective electrode portions of the printing portion 10 when the bubble jet head 12Y is set in the printing portion 10. On the orifice plate member 34, n in number of ink ejection openings 34ai, ..., 34an, and 34bi, .... 34bn (i = 1 to n) are respectively arranged with a predetermined interval in mutually parallel two arrays along a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction shown by arrow X in Fig. 4, namely to scanning direction X. On the other hand, the ejection openings 34ai, ..., 34an and 34bi ... 34bn are opposed with an offset of 84.7/2 (µm) in the alignment direction so that each individual ink ejection opening in one array of the ink ejection openings is located at intermediate position between two adjacent ink ejection openings in the other array of ink ejection openings. Namely, the ink ejection openings in two arrays are arranged in checkered fashion. The shapes of each ink ejection opening 34ai and 34bi is in a rectangular shape of 20 (µm) in the shorter side along the scanning direction and 21 (µm) in the longer width, for example. The driving substrate 32 is formed of silicon, for example. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, an ink supply openings 32a, opening in tapered form are provided within a sub ink tank 40 at a position between the array of n in number of the ink ejection openings 34ai to 34an and the array of n in number of ink ejection openings 34bi and 34 bn, along the alignment direction of the array of the ink ejection openings 34ai to 34an. The ink supply opening 32a may be formed by anisotropic etching, for example. Over the entire surface in the driving substrate 32, on which the orifice plate member 34 is fixed, a protective film 32f of silicon nitride (SiN) is formed, for example. The protective film 32 is in a thickness of 0.6 (µm), for example. On the surface of the driving substrate 32 covered with the protective film 32f as shown in Fig. 2, heater portions 32ai to 32an and 32bi to 32bn (i = 1 to n, n is an integer) are provided with a predetermined pitch, e.g. 84.7 (µm) pitch, at positions respectively opposing to respective of n in number of ink ejection openings 34ai, ..., 34 an and 34bi, ..., 34bn on the orifice plate member 34. In respective heater portions 32ai to 32an and 32bi to 32bn, branched ink supply passages 42ai to 42an and 42bi to 42bn for delivering ink supplied through the ink supply opening 32a to respective heater portions 32ai to 32an and 32bi to 32bn, are symmetrically arranged in opposition across the ink supply opening 32a. As the branched ink supply passages 42ai to 42an and 42bi to 42bn are respectively have the same structure, only one branched ink supply passage 42ai among the branched ink supply passages 42ai to 42an and 42bi to 42bn, will be explained, and description for other branched ink supply passages will be neglected. As shown in enlarged form in Fig. 1, the branched ink supply passage 42ai is defined between a pair of partitioning walls 44a separating respective branched ink supply passages. The branched ink supply passage 42ai is constructed with a constant cross sectional area passage portion (parallel passage portion) 46a having an opening end portion opening on the side of the ink supply opening 32a at one end and a contracted passage portion 48a continuous with the parallel passage portion 46a. On the other end of the branched ink supply passage 42ai, a receptacle portion 50 for receiving the heater portion 32ai is provided. A width Wa of the parallel passage portion 46a in the branched ink supply passage 42ai is assumed to be 72 (µm), for example. The contracted passage portion 48a is consist of two contracted portions 48ac and 48ad having mutually different gradients are joined at a joint Pc. One end of the contracted portion 48ac is joined with the parallel passage portion 46a, and the other end of the contracted portion 48ad is joined with the receptacle portion 50. A length Lb from the end portion of the parallel passage portion 46a to the joint Pc and gradient symbol αc in the contracted portion 48ac are 20 (µm) and about 16.7° [tan -1 (6/20)], for example. On the other hand, a length Lc from the joint Pc to the end portion and gradient symbol αd in the contracted portion 48ad are 14 (µm) and about 29.7° [tan -1 (8.0/14)]. It is desirable to set the gradient in the contracted portion 48ad within a range of about 10° to 30°. A refill period of the ink depends on capillary force determined by curvature radius of meniscus and surface tension of the ink. The capillary force becomes greater at smaller curvature radius of the meniscus. Therefore, the capillary force becomes greater, when the width of the ink supply passage in the vicinity of the heater portion 32ai is made smaller. The reason why the contracted passage portion 48a is widened toward the parallel passage portion 46a from the joint Pc, is to facilitate discharging on the side of the ink ejection opening without retaining the residual bubble in the ink. On the other hand, since the contracted passage portion 48a is gradually widened toward the parallel passage portion 46a, generation of swirl to be a cause of the residual bubble can be restricted. Furthermore, it order to certainly avoid retention of the residual bubble in the ink, a boundary portion between the joint Pc, the contracted portion 48a and the parallel passage portion 46a and a boundary portion between the contracted portion 48a and the receptacle portion 50 respectively may be rounded with a predetermined curvature (arc portion). The heater portion 32ai is formed into a rectangular shape consisted of a predetermined shorter edge and longer edge. Dimensions of the shorter edge and the longer edge Le and Wc are respectively 26 (µm) and 36 (µm), for example. The center position of the heater portion 32ai is substantially match with the center position of the ink ejection opening 34ai. The heater portion 32ai is received within the receptacle portion 50 so that a distance La from the opening end portion of the branched ink supply passage 42ai to the opposing one edge of the branched ink supply passage 42ai is 100 (µm), for example. The receptacle portion 50 is defined by wall portion surrounding three edges of the heater portion 32ai with a predetermined clearance. Distances Lf, Wd and Wd between respective edges of the heater portion 32ai and the wall portion are respectively 4 (µm) at the maximum. On the other hand, a distance Ld between the end portion of the contracted portion 48a and one edge of the heater portion 32ai is 4 (µm). In the expanded condition of the bubble Ba owing to film boiling in the ink in the vicinity of the heater portion 32ai, while ink ejection, vibration of the orifice plate member 34 can be avoided, because the receptacle portion 50 is formed to surround three edges of the heater portion 32ai by the wall portions with the predetermined gap. In addition, in one embodiment of the bubble jet apparatus according to the present invention, while not illustrated in the drawings, a printing operation control portion for controlling printing operation of the bubble jet head is provided. The printing operation control portion generates a driving control pulse signal on the basis of a binary data derived from a printing data indicative of an image to be printed on a paper 28 through predetermined image processing, and supplies the driving control pulse signal to the bubble jet head at a predetermined timing. In the construction as set forth above, while the predetermined amount of ink is supplied to the receptacle portion 50 at the predetermined timing through the ink supply opening 32a and the branched ink supply passage 42ai, when the printing portion 10 is moved in the scanning direction, the driving control pulse signal from the printing operation control portion is supplied to respective heater portion 32ai to cause expanded condition of the bubble Ba by film boiling in the vicinity of the heater portion 32ai to push up the ink toward the ink ejection opening 34ai. It has been confirmed by the inventors through experiments, that at this time, the bubble Ba will be communicated with the atmosphere from the outer side peripheral portion to the portion At in the vicinity of the inner side of the ink ejection opening 34ai, as shown in Fig. 3., and the portion of the ink droplet Do other than that located in the portion At in the vicinity of the inner side of the ink ejection opening 34ai is continuous with the ink within the branched ink supply passage 42ai. By this, stable ejection is performed against the surface of the paper 28 without causing splashing of the ink. On the other hand, it has also been confirmed by the inventor through experiments, that, when the pulse width of the driving control pulse signal and the driving voltage are respectively 2.5 (µs) and 13V, the ejection volume of the ink and the flying speed of the ink, and the refilling period (a period from a timing of initiation of application of the driving control pulse signal to the heater portion 32ai to completion of refilling of the ink are respectively 8.4 × 10 -9 cm 3 , 15.9 (m/s) and 95 (µs). It should be noted that the ink employed in the experiments has the following composition. Tiodiglycol 5% Glycerin 5% Urea 5% Isopropyl alcohol 4% Acetylenol solution 0.1% Water Remainder On the other hand, a comparative example is shown in Fig. 6. In Fig. 6, one of a plurality of branched ink supply passages 52 and a receptacle portions 56 arranged on both sides of the ink supply opening 32a in checkered fashion, are illustrated in enlarged form. It should be noted that the heater portion 32ai, the orifice plate 34 and the sub ink tank 40 are the same as those in the former embodiment. The branched ink supply passage 52 is defined by substantially parallel partitioning wall portions 48a arranged in opposition with a predetermined interval Wa, e.g. 72 (µm). The receptacle portion 56 receiving the heater portion 32ai is communicated with the branched ink passage 52 via a narrow passage portion 58. The receptacle portion 56 is defined by the wall portion surrounding three edges of the heater portion 32ai, for example. The length Lh of the wall portion along the shorter edge of the heater portion 32ai and the length Wc along the longer edge of the heater portion 32ai in the receptacle portion 56 are respectively 34 and 44 (µm). On the other hand, the heater portion 32ai is arranged with predetermined distances Wha, Whb, Lha and Lhb, e.g. 4 (µm) respectively, from the wall surface of the receptacle portion 56. Also, a position on one edge opposing to the branched ink supply passage in the heater portion 32ai is located at a position located at a predetermined distance La from the opening end portion of the branched ink supply passage 52, e.g. 100 (µm). The narrow passage portion 58 includes a tapered surface portion 54a opposing to the receptacle portion 56 and a parallel passage portion 54b. The tapered surface portion 54a is provided with a predetermined gradient tan -1 (Wta/Ltb), for example tan -1 (7/6). On the other hand, a step Wtb between the tapered surface portion 54a and the receptacle portion 56 is 6.5 (µm). The diameter Wn and length Lta of the parallel passage portion 54b are respectively 17 and 8 (µm), respectively. In the construction set forth above, it has been confirmed by the inventor through experiments that, when the pulse width of the driving control pulse signal and the driving voltage are 2.5 (µs) and 13V, similarly to the foregoing example, the ink ejection volume, the ink flying speed and the refilling period are respectively 8.4 × 10 -9 (cm 3 ), 16.6 (m/s) and 140 (µs). Therefore, the refilling period in the comparative example is slower than the refilling period in the above embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 shows another example of the bubble jet head according to the present invention. As set forth above, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, each branched ink supply passages 42ai to 42an is constituted of the parallel passage portion 46a and the narrow passage portion 48a, and the ink is supplied to the receptacle portion 50 receiving the heater portion 32ai via the branched ink supply passage 42ai. In contrast to this, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, branched ink supply passages 60ai to 60an and 60bi to 60bn (i = 1 to n, n is integer) provided symmetrically with respect to the ink supply passage 32a are constructed with parallel passage portions. On the other hand, a receptacle portion 64 receiving the heater portion 32ai which has the same construction with the former embodiments, is widened toward the end of the parallel passage portion for communication. In Fig. 7, one of a plurality of the branched ink supply passages 60ai to 60an and the receptacle portions 64 is illustrated in enlarged form. The branched ink supply passage 60ai is defined by partitioning wall portions 66a separating adjacent branched ink supply passages as arranged substantially in parallel to each other in opposition. The width Wa of the parallel passage portion in the branched ink supply passage 60ai is 72 (µm), for example. The receptacle portion 64 is defined by a tapered wall portion 64a connected to the parallel passage portion of the branched ink supply passage 60ai and the wall portion 64b opposing to the opening end of the parallel passage portion of the branched ink supply passage 60ai. The wall portion 64a has the predetermined gradient [tan -1 (14/68)] with respect to the parallel passage portion, the predetermined length Lr, e.g. 68 (µm). One end of the wall portion 64a is connected by the wall portion 64b. The width Wb of the wall portion 64b is 44 (µm), for example. The heater portion 32ai is arranged at substantially center position with predetermined distance Lf e.g. 4 (µm) from the wall portion 64b in the receptacle portion 64. On the other hand, the position of one edge opposing to the branched ink supply passage 60ai in the heater portion 32ai is positioned with a predetermined distance La from the opening end portion of the parallel passage portion, e.g. 100 (µm). With such construction, it has also been confirmed by the inventor through experiments, that, when the pulse width of the driving control pulse signal and the driving voltage are respectively 2.5 (µs) and 13V similarly to the foregoing example, the ejection volume of the ink and the flying speed of the ink, and the re filling period (a period from a timing of initiation of application of the driving control pulse signal to the heater portion 32ai to completion of refilling of the ink are respectively 8.3 × 10 -9 (cm 3 ), 15.6 (m/s) and 88 (µs). Accordingly, even in the shown embodiment, similarly to the former embodiment, refilling period can be shortened in comparison with the comparative example, and thus can obtain the similar effect to the former embodiment.

Claims: A bubble jet head comprising: a common ink supply passage having an ink supply opening (32a) and introducing an ink supplied from an ink storage portion through said ink supply opening (32a); a plurality of branched ink supply passages (42ai, 42bi; 60ai), each having an opening end portion communicated with said ink supply opening (32a) of said common ink supply passage and each delivering the ink supplied through said ink supply opening (32a) to an ink heating portion (32ai, 32bi); and an ink ejection opening forming surface (34) arranged in opposition to said ink heating portions (32ai, 32bi) with a predetermined distance therebetween and having a plurality of ink ejection openings (34ai) for ejecting ink droplets formed by heating the ink supplied through said branched ink supply passages (42ai, 42bi; 60ai) in said ink heating portions (32ai, 32bi), wherein each of said plurality of branched ink supply passages (42ai, 42bi; 60ai) has a contracted passage portion (48a) in which the width (Wb) of the branched ink supply passage is gradually reduced toward said ink heating portion (32ai, 32bi), said width of the branched ink supply passage (42ai, 42bi; 60ai) being the dimension in a section of the branched ink supply passage perpendicular to a direction from said opening end portion to said ink ejection opening (34ai), characterized in that each of said branched ink supply passages (42ai, 42bi; 60ai) has a parallel passage portion (46a) in which said width of the branched ink supply passage is constant, wherein said parallel passage portion (46a) extends from said opening end portion to said contracted passage portion (48a). The bubble jet head as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ink heating portion (32ai) is surrounded by wall portions of an ink heating portion receptacle portion (50; 64). The bubble jet head as claimed in claim 2, wherein the width of said ink heating portion receptacle portion (50) is constant along said direction from said opening end portion to said ink ejection opening (34ai). The bubble jet head as claimed in claim 2, wherein the width of said ink heating portion receptacle portion (64) is gradually narrowed in said direction from said opening end portion to said ink ejection opening. The bubble jet head as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of said branched ink supply passages (42ai; 42bi) are arranged along both sides of said ink supply opening (32a) in said common ink supply passage for forming arrays. The bubble jet head as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when bubble formed within the ink by heating in said ink heating portion (32ai) is in expanded condition, the bubble is in communication with the atmosphere in the vicinity of said ink ejection opening (34ai), and the ink covering the bubble is continuous with the ink in the vicinity of said ink ejection opening (34ai). A bubble jet apparatus comprising: a printing portion (10) arranged in opposition to a printing surface of a printing medium (28) and having a head carrying portion (10a) loading a bubble jet head (12), according to one of claims 1 to 6; a driving portion (6) moving said printing portion (10) along said printing surface of said printing medium (28); and a printing operation control portion for making said bubble jet head (12) to perform printing operation.

Inventors: KANEKO MINEO, SHIOYA MAKOTO, TACHIHARA MASAYOSHI, TAMURA YASUYUKI, KANEKO, MINEO, SHIOYA, MAKOTO, TACHIHARA, MASAYOSHI, TAMURA, YASUYUKI
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1997
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2