Structure for joining impeller to rotatable shaft

Abstract: A structure joining an impeller (11) to a rotatable shaft (12), includes (a) a bush (14) including a hollow cylindrical portion (16) which is to fit into a recess formed with the impeller (11) and into which the rotatable shaft (12) is to fit, (b) a first joint structure (11b,18a) joining the bush (14) to the impeller (11) coaxially, and (c) a second joint structure (12a,12b,16b,16a) joining the rotatable shaft (12) to the bush (14) coaxially.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a structure for joining an impeller rotatable at a high speed to a rotatable shaft. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART A structure for joining an impeller rotatable at a high speed to a rotatable shaft to be used, for instance, in a supercharger or a fun is required to have such basic characteristics as an ability for transferring a torque between an impeller and a shaft, a self-align ability for self-aligning an impeller with a shaft, and serviceability. Herein, the ability for transferring a torque between an impeller and a shaft includes an ability for transferring a torque in usual conditions such as steady rotation, acceleration and deceleration, and an ability of avoiding instantaneous elimination of torque transfer ability for preventing over-speeding in unusual conditions such as when an impeller is damaged or when foreign material enters the impeller structure. The self-align ability includes an ability that an impeller and a shaft are self-aligned with each other when assembled in stationary condition to thereby easily keep rotation balance, and an ability of absorbing therein deformation of an impeller and/or a shaft caused by a centrifugal force produced by rotation. Herein, the deformation caused by a centrifugal force includes, for instance, an expansion in the inner diameter and a shrinkage in the axial length of the impeller. The above mentioned serviceability includes an ability of easily assembling and disassembling. Various attempts have been made to satisfy the above mentioned requirements. Examples of conventional structures for joining an impeller to a shaft are illustrated in Figs. 1A, 1B and 1C see also US-A-4 183 719 which shows a structure according to the preamble of claim 1. Fig. 1A illustrates a conventional structure in which an impeller 1 is joined to a shaft 2 by means of shrink fitting. Fig. 1B illustrates another conventional structure in which an impeller 1 is joined to a shaft by means of a combination of a radial key 4, a spline 5, and a nut 6. Fig. 1C illustrates still another conventional structure in which an impeller is joined to a shaft 2 by means of a radial key 4, a tapered bush 7, and a nut 6. The structure illustrated in Fig. 1A has problems as follows. Since a torque is transferred through shrink fitting, a capacity of the torque is not so large as the other structures in usual. In addition, if an excessive torque is generated due to foreign material entering the impeller, the shrink fitting is forced into a slippage condition, and hence an ability of transferring a torque is instantaneously eliminated. Furthermore, the shrink fitting makes it quite difficult to assemble the impeller 1 to the shaft 2 and to disassemble the impeller 1 out of the shaft 2. The structure illustrated in Fig. 1B has a problem of low self-align ability in the spline 5. That is, it is necessary that a gap exists between top and bottom of the spline 5, in order to mesh teeth of the spline 5 with each other to thereby transfer a torque. This reduces self-align accuracy in the spline 5. If the spline 5 was formed with a fit section only for self-align, there would arise a problem of reduction in the easiness of assembling the spline 5. In the structure illustrated in Fig. 1C, the tapered bush 7 disposed between the impeller 1 and the rotatable shaft 2 increases self-align ability of the structure. Hence, it is difficult to accurately position the impeller 1 axially. In order to enhance the positioning accuracy of the impeller 1, parts constituting the structure are required to be fabricated with high accuracy, which would bring a problem of increased fabrication costs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above mentioned problems in the prior structures, it is an object of the present invention to provide a structure for joining an impeller to a shaft which provides a sufficient ability for transferring a torque between an impeller and a shaft, a self-align ability between an impeller and a shaft, and good serviceability for assembling and disassembling, and further provides higher accuracy in axially positioning an impeller and a shaft and lower fabrication costs. This problem is solved by the structure according to claim 1 and the bush according to claim 4. Further preferred embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. In accordance with the above mentioned structure, the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylindrical portion of the bush axially make close contact with the impeller and the shaft, respectively, and the end portion of the bush is sandwiched between the impeller and the shaft to thereby axially position the impeller and the shaft. The first portions of the key portions are fit into the recessed portions of the impeller, and the second portions of the key portions are fit into the key ways of the shaft. Thus, a torque is transferred to the impeller from the rotating shaft through the bush. Namely, the end portion defined by the outer and inner surfaces which axially position the impeller, the cylindrical portion defined by the outer and inner surfaces and the through hole formed with the end portions all of which are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces of the end portion and which ensure concentricity between the impeller and the shaft, and the key portions including the first and second portions which allow axial relative displacement between the impeller and the shaft to thereby ensure torque transfer, are integrally formed as the bush disposed between the impeller and the shaft. Thus, it is possible to independently control positioning the impeller and the shaft in an axial direction, positioning the impeller and the shaft in a radial direction, and dimension accuracy and rigidity of the portions of the bush. In addition, the bush integrally formed of the portions provides sufficient rigidity against deformation caused by a centrifugal force. Furthermore, the structure provides good serviceability for assembling the impeller to the shaft through the bush and disassembling the impeller from the shaft. In a preferred embodiment, the bush further includes an annular ring connected to the key portions so that the hollow cylindrical portion and the annular ring are coaxial with each other. The annular ring depresses deformation of the bush caused by, in particular, a centrifugal force acting on the key portions. It is preferable that the plurality of key portions are equally spaced away from each other. It is also preferable that the key ways extend from the end surface of the larger diameter portion of the rotatable shaft. In another aspect, there is provided a bush for joining an impeller to a rotatable shaft therethrough, including (a) a hollow cylindrical portion including: a sidewall defined by an outer surface and an inner surface coaxial with the outer surface; and an end portion defined by an outer surface perpendicular to an axis of the hollow cylindrical portion and an inner surface parallel to the outer surface, the end portion being centrally formed with a through hole which has a smaller diameter than a diameter of the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion and which is coaxial with the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion, and (b) a plurality of key portions circumferentially, integrally formed with the hollow cylindrical portion at an opposite side of the end portion, the key portions being defined by a pair of planes parallel to each other and spaced away from each other circumferentially of the hollow cylindrical portion, each of the key portions including a first portion outwardly projecting from the outer surface of the hollow cylindrical portion and a second portion inwardly projecting from the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion. The inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion is adapted to receive therein a larger diameter portion of the rotatable shaft, and the through hole of the end portion of the hollow cylindrical portion is adapted to receive therein a smaller diameter portion of the rotatable shaft. The inner surface of the end portion of the hollow cylindrical portion is adapted to make contact with an end surface of the larger diameter portion. The second portions of the key portions is fit into key ways formed with the larger diameter portion of the rotatable shaft. The outer surface of the hollow cylindrical portion is adapted to make fit contact with an inner sidewall of a recess formed with the impeller, and the outer surface of the end portion of the hollow cylindrical portion is adapted to make close contact with an inner bottom surface of the recess. The first portions of the key portions is adapted to fit into recessed portions formed with the impeller. In accordance with the above mentioned structure for joining an impeller to a rotatable shaft, there are provided a sufficient ability for transferring a torque between an impeller and a shaft, an self-align ability between an impeller and a shaft, and good serviceability for assembling and disassembling, and further provided higher accuracy in axially positioning an impeller and a shaft, readiness in fabrication, and lower fabrication costs. The above and other objects and advantageous features of the present invention will be made apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1A is a schematic view illustrating a conventional structure for joining an impeller to a rotatable shaft. Fig. 1B is a schematic view illustrating another conventional structure for joining an impeller to a rotatable shaft. Fig. 1C is a schematic view illustrating still another conventional structure for joining an impeller to a rotatable shaft. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure for joining an impeller to a rotatable shaft, made in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a partial perspective view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With reference to Figs. 2 to 4, the present invention relates to a structure for joining an impeller 11 to a rotatable shaft 12, and includes a bush 14 sandwiched between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12. As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the bush 14 includes a hollow cylindrical portion 16 and two key portions 18. The hollow cylindrical portion 16 includes a sidewall defined by an outer surface 16a and an inner surface coaxial with the outer surface 16a, and an end portion 16c defined by an outer surface 17a perpendicular to an axis 15 of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 and an inner surface 17b parallel to the outer surface 17a. As illustrated in Fig. 3, the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 is comprised of a plurality of segments 16b and 16b'. The segment 16b' has a greater inner diameter than the segment 16b. The end portion 16c is centrally formed with a through hole 16d which has a smaller diameter than a diameter of the segment 16b of the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 and which is coaxial with the hollow cylindrical portion 16. The key portions 18 are formed circumferentially around and integrally with the hollow cylindrical portion 16 at an opposite side of the end portion 16c of the hollow cylindrical portion 16. The key portions 18 are equally spaced away from each other, that is, the key portions 18 in the illustrated embodiment are disposed on opposite ends of a certain diameter of the hollow cylindrical portion 16. The key portions are defined by a pair of planes 19 parallel to each other and spaced away from each other circumferentially of the hollow cylindrical portion 16. Each of the key portions 18 includes a first portion 18a outwardly projecting from the outer surface 16a of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 and a second portion 18b inwardly projecting from the inner surface 16b' of the hollow cylindrical portion 16. In this embodiment, the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 includes the two segments 16b and 16b'. However, it should be noted that the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 may be formed as a flat inner surface which, for instance, has the same inner diameter as that of the segment 16b, in which case the second portions 18b of the key portions 18 are designed to project above the flat inner surface. The rotatable shaft 12 includes a larger diameter portion 12a' designed to fit into the segment 16b' of the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion 16, a middle diameter portion 12a designed to fit into the segment 16b, and a smaller diameter portion 12b designed to fit into the through hole 16d of the end portion 16c of the hollow cylindrical portion 16. The middle diameter portion 12a has an end surface 12c which makes close contact with the inner surface 17b of the end portion 16d of the hollow cylindrical portion 16. The larger diameter portion 12a' is formed with key ways 12d into which the second portions 18b of the key portions 18 are fit. When the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 is formed as a single flat inner surface, it is preferable that the key ways 12d extend from the end surface 12c of the middle diameter portion 12a of the rotatable shaft 12. The impeller 11 is formed with a recess 11a having an inner sidewall with which the outer surface 16a of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 makes close contact, and an inner bottom surface with which the outer surface 17a of the end portion 16c of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 makes close contact, and further with radial key portions or recessed portions 11b into which the first portions 18a of the key portions 18 are fit. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the shaft 12 is fastened to the impeller 11 by means of a nut 6 with the bush 14 sandwiched between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12. By fastening the shaft 12 to the impeller 11, the outer surface 16a and the inner surface 16b, 16b' of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 of the bush 14 axially make close contact with the impeller 11 and the shaft 12, respectively, and the end portion 16c of the bush 14 is sandwiched between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12 to thereby axially position the impeller 11 and the shaft 12. The first portions 18a of the key portions 18 are fit into the recessed portions 11b of the impeller 11, and the second portions 18b of the key portions 18 are fit into the key ways 12d of the shaft 12. Thus, a torque is transferred to the impeller 11 from the rotating shaft 12 through the bush 14. In other words, in the above mentioned structure, the end portion 16c defined by the outer and inner surfaces 17a, 17b which axially position the impeller 11, the cylindrical portion 16 defined by the outer and inner surfaces 16a, 16b, 16b' and the through hole 16d formed with the end portions 16c all of which are perpendicular to the outer and inner surfaces 17a, 17b of the end portion 16c and which ensure concentricity between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12, and the key portions 18 including the first and second portions 18a, 18b which allow axial relative displacement between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12 to thereby ensure torque transfer therebetween, are integrally formed as the bush 14 disposed between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12. Thus, it is possible to independently control positioning the impeller 11 and the shaft 12 in an axial direction, positioning the impeller 11 and the shaft 12 in a radial direction, and dimension accuracy and rigidity of the portions of the bush 14. In addition, since the bush 14 are integrally formed of the portions, the bush 14 provides sufficient rigidity against deformation caused by a centrifugal force acting thereon. By fastening the shaft 12 to the impeller 11 by the nut 6 with the shaft 12 being axially pulled, a fastening margin is given to the outer and inner surfaces 17a, 17b of the end portion 16c for axially positioning the impeller 11, and hence an axial shrinkage caused in the inner sidewall of the recess 11a of the impeller 11 by a centrifugal force acting thereon can be absorbed in the fastening margin. Furthermore, since the structure can be constructed only by fastening the shaft 12 to the impeller 11 through the nut 6 with the bush 14 interposed therebetween, the structure provides good serviceability for assembling the impeller 11 to the shaft 12 and disassembling the impeller 11 from the shaft 12. As illustrated in Fig. 3, the sidewall of the hollow cylindrical portion 16 includes a radially thinner portion defined by the outer surface 16a and the segment 16b' of the inner surface. Hence, even if the recess 11a of the impeller 11 is outwardly expanded because of a centrifugal force acting thereon, the radially thinner portion is also outwardly expanded by a centrifugal force, thereby ensuring concentricity in operation between the impeller 11 and the shaft 12. As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the bush 14 further includes an annular ring 20 integrally connected to the key portions 18 so that the hollow cylindrical portion 16 and the annular ring 20 are disposed coaxially with each other. The annular ring 20 provides a high rigidity to the bush 14, and hence depresses the deformation of the bush 14 caused by, in particular, a centrifugal force acting on the key portions 18. Portions to be processed in the integrally formed bush 14 are the outer and inner surfaces 17a and 17b of the end portion 16c, the outer and inner surfaces 16a, 16b and 16b' of the hollow cylindrical portion 16, and the key portions 18. Since those portions are formed only of planes perpendicular to each other and rotating planes, it is possible to easily process and fabricate the bush 14 with high accuracy at low costs. While the present invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the subject matter encompassed by way of the present invention is not to be limited to those specific embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended for the subject matter of the invention to include all modifications as can be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims: A structure for joining an impeller (11) to a rotatable shaft (12), comprising: said impeller (11); said rotatable shaft (12); a bush (14) through which said impeller (11) is joined to said rotatable shaft (12); first means for joining said bush (14) to said impeller (11) so that said bush (14) is positioned coaxially with said impeller (11); and second means for joining said shaft (12) to said bush (14) so that said shaft (12) is positioned coaxially with said bush (14), characterized in that said first means includes first portions (18a) formed with said bush (14) and recessed portions (11b) formed with said impeller (11) into which said first portions (18a) are fit; said second means includes second portions (18b) formed with said bush (14) and key ways (12d) formed with said shaft (12) into which said second portions (18b) are fit; said bush (14) comprises said first and second portions (18a,18b), a hollow cylindrical portion (16) closely contacted to a recess (11a) formed with said impeller (11) and an inner surface closely contacted to said shaft (12). A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said first portions (18a) are formed on an outer surface of said hollow cylindrical portion (16), wherein said first portions (18a) are circumferentially equally spaced away from each other. A structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said second portions (18b) are formed on an inner surface of said hollow cylindrical portion (16), wherein said second portions (18b) are circumferentially equally spaced away from each other. A bush (14) for joining an impeller (11) to a rotatable shaft (12), comprising: a hollow cylindrical portion (16) including a sidewall defined by an outer surface (16a) and an inner surface coaxial with said outer surface (16a); and an end portion (16c) defined by an outer surface (17a) perpendicular to an axis of said hollow cylindrical portion (16) and an inner surface (17b) parallel to said outer surface (17a), wherein said end portion (16c) is centrally formed with a through hole which has a smaller diameter than a diameter of said inner surface (16d) of said hollow cylindrical portion (16); a plurality of key portions (18) circumferentially, integrally formed with said hollow cylindrical portion (16) at an opposite side to said end portion (16c), wherein said key portions (18) are defined by a pair of planes (19) parallel to each other and spaced away from each other circumferentially of said hollow cylindrical portion (16), and include first portions (18a) outwardly projecting from said outer surface (16a) of said hollow cylindrical portion (16) and second portions (18b) inwardly projecting from said inner surface (16b') of said hollow cylindrical portion (16). A bush (15) according to claim 4, characterized in that said inner surface (16b') is adapted to receive therein a larger diameter portion (12a') of said shaft (12), said through hole of said end portion (16c) is adapted to receive therein a smaller diameter portion (12b) of said shaft (12) and said inner surface (16d) of said end portion (16c) is adapted to make contact with an end surface (12c) of said larger diameter portion (12a'). A bush (14) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said outer surface (16a) of said hollow cylindrical portion (16) is adapted to make fit contact with an inner sidewall of a recess formed with said impeller (11) and said outer surface (17a) of said end portion (16c) is adapted to make close contact with an inner bottom surface of said recess. A bush according to at least one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said first portions (18b) of said key portions (18) are adapted to fit into recessed portions (11b) formed with said impeller (11). A bush according to at least one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that said second portions (18a) of said key portions (18) are adapted to fit into key ways (12d) formed with said larger diameter portion (12a') of said shaft (12). A bush according to at least one of the preceding claims 4 to 8, characterized in that an annular ring (20) is provided to connect to said key portions (18) so that said hollow cylindrical portion (16) and said annular ring (20) are coaxial with each other. A bush according to at least one of the preceding claims 4 to 9, characterized in that said plurality of key portions (18) are equally spaced away from each other. A bush according to at least one of the preceding claims 4 to 10, characterized in that said inner surface of said hollow cylindrical portion (16) comprises a plurality of segments (16b,16b',16d) having different inner diameters and said shaft (12) comprises a same number of segments (12a,12a',12b) as said inner surface of said hollow cylindrical portion (16), wherein each of said segments (12a,12a',12b) of said shaft (12) have an outer diameter equal to an inner diameter of associated segments (16b,16b',16d) of said inner surface.

Inventors: MITSUBOSHI KEN, MITSUBOSHI, KEN
Applicants: ISHIKAWAJIMA HARIMA HEAVY IND, ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: F16D1
IPC codes: F04D29, F16D1, F16B3