PANEL-FORM LOUDSPEAKER

Abstract: To overcome acoustic distortion caused by local resonance in panel core cells, a resonant multi-mode radiator element is provided for a panel form loud speaker with a functional upper frequency limit fmax. The element has skins and a cellular based core, the skins have a thickness h, a Young's modulus E a Poisson's ratio of V and a material density rho , and the core has a cell size lcell characterized in that the cell size lcell is less than (I).

Description: PANEL-FORM LOUDSPEAKER This invention relates to resonant multi-mode radiator elements for panel-form loudspeakers. In particular, resonant multi-mode radiator elements which can improve the sound quality of such speakers by reducing the occurrence of air resonance within the functional bandwidth of the speaker are considered. US Patent no 3,247,925 discloses a low frequency panel-form loudspeaker which operates by exciting bending waves in a lightweight, stiff panel which remains essentially stationary but for the bending waves. Such radiating panels may comprise skinned composites with honeycomb or similar shaped cellular cores. Acoustic distortion may occur in panel form loudspeakers where air resonance occurs in the core of the panel. Patent Application no. PCT/GB91/01262 discloses how this form of acoustic distortion can be reduced by ensuring that the frequency at which the first air resonance occurs within the core of the panel is above the functional upper frequency limit of the loudspeaker. This frequency f core is a function of the speed of sound in air, c and the depth of the panel, d as follows; J f core = c/2.d This expression fixes the depth of the panel core according to the desired functional frequency bandwidth of the loudspeaker, the desired functional upper frequency limit, f , of the loudspeaker being inversely proportional to the panel depth. J max It can be shown that a second level of acoustic distortion occurs in panel-form loudspeakers at certain frequencies within the panel, when a localised resonance occurs in the skin immediately above individual core cells. The effect of this localised skin resonance is to reduce the effective bending stiffness of the panel speaker and consequently the radiation efficiency of the panel. This invention provides a resonant multi-mode radiator element for a panel form loud speaker having a functional upper frequency limit t , the element having skins and a J max a cellular based core, the skins having a thickness h, a Young's modulus £ a Poisson's ratio of V and a material density p, and the core having a cell size l 7 a ll characterised in that the cell size l / u ll is less than : It can be shown that the first resonance frequency for an individual skin f skm can be predicted by matching the skin bending wavelength with twice the cell size of the core. Thus for a bending stiffness Bskm , a mass per unit area mskm and cell size Lett the first resonance frequency of a skin f skm can be defined by; skm J f skin = — ,.. τ 2 B 2 m skin For an isotropic skin of thickness h with a Young's modulus of E , a Poisson's ratio of V and a material density of p , this becomes: ' skin Equation (1) Thus, by choosing a core cell size to ensure that y is greater than the functional upper frequency limit y of the loud speaker, the resonance effect is substantially reduced. Rearranging equation (1) and relating to the functional upper frequency limit of the panel form loud speaker, a suitable cell size is predicted from the equation: I m Equation (2) Reduction of cell size can therefore provide improved sound quality by taking the first air resonance frequency of the skin outside the functional bandwidth of the speaker. As this frequency is inversely proportional to the square of the cell size, considerable improvements can be obtained with small variations in the cell size. A further aspect of the invention provides a panel-form loudspeaker containing a multi- mode radiator element as described hereinabove. The loudspeaker further comprising a mounting means which supports the radiator element or attaches it to a supporting body, in a free undamped manner; and an electromechanical drive means coupled to the panel which serves to excite a multi-modal resonance in the radiator element in response to an electrical input within the functional frequency band of the loud speaker. Preferably the loud speaker will also be characterised in that no planform dimension is less than half the bending wavelength at the lowest functional frequency limit of the loud speaker. Although in describing a radiator and speaker in accordance with the invention, the term "loud speaker" is used as a convenient nomenclature, it will be understood this should not be read as suggesting any limitation to, say, hi-fi speakers alone. Rather, the invention is applicable across a rang of speaker sizes from the smaller scale to the very large for use, for example, in large scale public address systems. A particular panel core of this invention is illustrated below by way of example with reference to a panel core comprising a 0.5m x 0.5m square of aluminium skinned, aluminium honeycomb cored composite. The core depth is 0.02m and the thickness of each skin is 0.003m. For Aluminium, E = 7 x 10 10 , p = 2700 and V = 0.3 (mks units), thus approximately equals 3081.7 m/s. Assuming the desired upper frequency limit to be 28 kHz, and applying equation (2) above, the maximum desirable size for becomes approximately 0.016 m.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A resonant multi-mode radiator element for a panel form loud speaker with a functional upper frequency limit y , the element having skins and a cellular based core, the skins having a thickness h, a Young's modulus £ a Poisson's ratio of V and a material density p, and the core having a cell size Lett characterised in that the cell size Leu is less than: 2. A panel-form loudspeaker comprising a multi-mode radiator element; a mounting means which supports the element or attaches it to a supporting body in a free undamped manner, and an electro mechanical drive means coupled to the element which serves to excite a multi-modal resonance in the radiator panel in response to an electrical input within a functional frequency band for the loud speaker characterised in that the multi-mode radiator element is a multi-mode radiator element as claimed in claim 1. 3. A panel-form loudspeaker as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that no planform dimension is less than half the bending wavelength at the lower functional frequency limit of the loudspeaker.

Inventors: HERON KENNETH HARRY, HERON, KENNETH, HARRY
Applicants: HERON KENNETH HARRY, SECR DEFENCE, HERON, KENNETH, HARRY, THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE
Application year: 1997
Main classification: H04R1
IPC codes: H04R1, H04R7