Valve timing control device

Abstract: A valve timing control device for an engine comprises a rotatable shaft (210) for controlling valve opening and closing of the engine, and a rotation transmitting member (260) the rotatably mounted on the rotatable shaft (210). The rotatable shaft (210) and the rotation transmitting member (260) define therebetween at least one chamber (R0) which is divided into one or more first pressure chambers (R1) and one or more second pressure chambers (R2) by one or more vanes (240) which are mounted on the rotatable shaft (210) or on the rotation transmitting member (260) and which extend into the chamber (RO). A fluid supply means (111) selectively supplies fluid under pressure to the or each first pressure chamber (R1) or to the or each second pressure chamber (R2) to control the timing of the engine. Locking means (250) are provided for connecting together the rotatable shaft (210) and the rotation transmitting member (260) when the relative rotation between the rotatable shaft (210) and the rotation transmitting member (260) is in a predetermined phase. The locking pin (250) defines, with the bore (233), a fluid chamber (R3) which communicates with the other of the first and second pressure chambers (R1,R2) via a fluid passage (234) when the locking pin (250) is extended from the bore (233) into the receiving recess (222), the communication via the fluid passage (23) being restricted, and movement of the locking pin damped, when the locking pin (250) is received fully within the bore (233).

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a valve timing control device and in particular to a valve timing control device for controlling an angular phase difference between a crank shaft of a combustion engine and a cam shaft of the combustion engine. Description of the prior art In general, the valve timing of a combustion engine is controlled by cam shafts driven by the combustion engine. Since the combustion conditions change in response to the rotational speed of the combustion engine, however, it is difficult to obtain an optimum valve timing through the whole rotational range. Therefore there has been proposed a valve timing control device which is able to change the valve timing in response to sensed operating conditions of the combustion engine. A known variable valve timing device of the general kind identified above is disclosed in US-A-4858572, and its operation is illustrated herein with reference to Figures 9(A) to 9(C). As illustrated in those Figures, a rotor 2 is fixedly mounted on a rotatable shaft 1, and a rotation transmitting member 3 is rotatably mounted on the rotor 2. A plurality of vanes 4 are connected to an outer periphery of the rotor 2 and are extended into respective pressure chambers 5 defined between an outer periphery of the rotor 2 and an inner side of the rotation transmitting member 3 such that the pressure chambers 5 are arranged along the outer periphery of the rotor 2. Each vane 4 divides its pressure chamber 5 into a timing advance space 5a and a timing delay space 5b. The rotation transmitting member 3 has formed therein a radial retracting bore 6 in which a locking member 8 is accommodated. A spring 7 urges the locking member 8 toward the rotor 2. The rotor 2 has formed therein a receiving bore 9 in which the locking member 8 can be received when the receiving bore 9 is brought into alignment with the retracting bore 6 as will be explained later. Oil under pressure is supplied selectively to the advance angle space 5a or to the delay angle space 5b via a passage 10b or a passage 10c, respectively. The vanes 4 are moved within their pressure chambers 5 by varying the pressure difference between the timing advance space 5a and the timing delay space 5b, which results in adjustment of the phase angle of the rotor 2 or rotatable shaft 1 relative to the rotation transmitting member 3. A passage 10a communicates with the base of the receiving bore 9 and is in fluid communication with the passage 10b inside the rotatable shaft 1 and fluidly isolated from the passage 10c. When the rotor 2 is at the most advanced timing position relative to the rotation transmitting member 3 as shown in Fig. 9(A), as soon as oil under pressure is supplied to the timing delay space 5b via the passage 10c, the vane 4 is moved counter-clockwise relative to the rotation transmitting member 3 as indicated with an arrow B due to the pressure difference between the timing advance space 5a and the timing delay space 5b. After such rotation of the rotor 2 through a set angle, the rotor 2 is brought into its most delayed position relative to the rotation transmitting member 3 as shown in Fig. 9(B). Immediately upon establishment of such a condition, the receiving bore 9 comes into alignment with the retracting bore 6 and due to the urging force of the spring 7 the locking member 8 partially enters the receiving bore 9, spanning the two bores 6 and 9 and locking together the rotor 2 and rotation transmitting member 3. Thus, the relative rotation between the rotor 2 and the rotation transmitting member 3 is prevented. When the rotor 2 is desired to advance its timing angle, as shown in Fig. 9(C), oil under pressure is supplied to the timing advance space 5a via the passage 10b and the oil is discharged from the timing delay space 5b via the passage 10c. Simultaneously the oil under pressure is supplied to the passage 10a and the locking member 8 is ejected from the receiving bore 9 into the retracting bore 6. Thus, the vane 4 is permitted to rotate in the clockwise direction as indicated with an arrow A in Fig. 9(C). In the foregoing structure, whenever the rotor 2 takes its most delayed timing position relative to the rotation transmitting member 3 the locking member 8 is brought into engagement with the receiving bore 9 and whenever an advance of the rotor 2 relative to the rotation transmitting member 3 is required the locking member 8 is ejected from the receiving bore 9 to be contained wholly within the retracting bore 6. As mentioned above, the passage 10a is in fluid communication with the passage 10b inside the rotating shaft 1. Such a connection is intended for accomplishing two purposes: one is to isolate the passage 10b when the rotor 2 is desired to be transferred toward the delayed position in order to establish a smooth receipt of the locking member 8 into the receiving bore 9 subsequent to the discharge of the oil therefrom immediately when the most delayed position is taken. The other is to establish a quick ejection of the locking member 8 from the receiving bore and a quick subsequent transfer of the rotor 2 toward the most advanced timing position by establishing simultaneous oil supply into the receiving bore 9 and the advance angle space 5a. However, frequent engagements of the locking member 8 with the receiving bore 9, such as occurs whenever the rotor 2 takes the most delayed position relative to the rotation transmitting member 3, leads to the requirement that each of the locking member 8, the receiving bore 9 and the retracting bore 6 have to be of high durability. Thus, the manufacture of these members is difficult and expensive. In addition, the principal purpose for regulating the phase angle between the rotor 2 (or the rotatable shaft 1) and the rotation transmitting member 3 is as follows: there may be no oil pressure at all in either of the spaces 5a and 5b when the engine and its associated oil pump are stopped. Even if the engine is re-started, an instantaneous rise in the oil pressure in the spaces 5a or 5b cannot be established, and initially therefore each vane 4 is allowed to move freely in its pressure chamber. The resultant vane movement brings each vane 4 into engagement with a side wall of its pressure chamber 5 and a collision noise generates. To avoid such a noise generation, the movement of the vane 4 is restricted by the locking member 8 which prevents the relative rotation between the rotor 2 and the rotation transmitting member 3 until the pressure in each of the spaces 5a and 5b is raised to a sufficient value. When the engine is running and driving the oil pump, there is sufficient pressure in either the timing advance space 5a or the timing delay space 5b to prevent the free rotation of the vane 4 and therefore the foregoing noise generation fails to occur. In brief, although the locking member 8 is an essential element of the variable valve timing device during start-up, its durability cannot be assured due to frequent engagement and disengagement with the receiving bore 9 during normal running. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved valve timing control device which overcomes the above drawbacks. It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved valve timing control device with improved reliability. The invention provides a valve timing control device for an engine comprising: a first rotor fixed on a rotary shaft for controlling the valve opening and closing of the engine; a second rotor rotatably mounted on the shaft; means for driving the second rotor from a rotational output of the engine; at least one chamber defined between the first rotor and the second rotor and being divided into a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber by a vane which extends from one of the first and second rotor into sealing contact with the other; fluid supplying means for supplying fluid under pressure selectively to the first and second pressure chambers thereby establishing a pressure differential between the first and second pressure chambers so as to effect relative rotation the first and second rotors; and a locking pin extensible from a bore in one of the first and second rotors into a receiving recess in the other of the first and second rotors when the rotors are in a predetermined phase relationship and being returnable into the bore against the bias of spring means by the application of hydraulic pressure applied to one of the first and second pressure chambers to the receiving recess to release the locking; CHARACTERISED IN THAT the locking pin defines, with the bore, a fluid chamber which communicates with the other of the first and second pressure chambers via a fluid passage when the locking pin is extended from the bore into the receiving recess, the communication via the fluid passage being restricted when the locking pin is received fully within the bore. DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a variable valve timing control device in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is an end elevation partly in section of the device of Fig. 1 showing a relationship among an inner rotor, an outer rotor, vanes, a locking pin and a timing pulley; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line B-B of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an end elevation partly in section similar to that of Fig. 2 but showing a condition in which the mechanism is advanced a little from the timing condition shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on line C-C of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a principal portion; Fig. 7 is an end elevation partly in section similar to that of Fig. 2 but showing a condition which is further advanced from the timing condition shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on line D-D of Fig. 7; Fig. 9A is a cross-sectional view of a conventional valve timing control device at a maximum advanced condition; Fig. 9B shows a cross-sectional view of the conventional valve timing control device at a maximum retarded condition; and Fig. 9C shows a cross-sectional view of the conventional valve timing control device when a rotor is in the course of an advance movement. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the embodiment of Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, a cam shaft 210 which is provided with a plurality of cam portions (not shown) driving intake valves or exhaust valves (not shown) is rotatably supported on a cylinder head 310 of a engine at its plural journal portions. The cam shaft 210 comprises a rotatable shaft together with an inner rotor 220 which is fixed to an end of the cam shaft 210 projecting out of the cylinder head 310. The valve timing control device includes the rotatable shaft 210 and a rotation transmitting member being comprised of an outer rotor 230 and a timing pulley 260 which are rotatably mounted on the inner rotor 220. A rotational torque is transmitted from a crank shaft 320 via a timing belt 321 to the timing pulley 260 so that the timing pulley 260 is rotated clockwise as viewed in Fig. 2. In the cam shaft 210 there are formed a first axial passage 211 and a second axial passage 212. The first axial passage 211 communicates with a connecting port 120 of a switching valve 111 via a radial passage 213, a circular groove 214 and a connecting passage 272. The second passage 212 communicates with a connecting port 121 of the switching valve 111 via a circular groove 215 and a connecting passage 274. The switching valve 111 is constructed in such a manner that when a solenoid 112 is energized a spool 113 is moved against an urging force of a spring 114 in the rightward direction. The spool 114 remains in the illustrated condition when the solenoid 112 is not energized, with the switching valve 111 establishing a fluid communication between the connecting port 120 and a supply port 115 which receives fluid under pressure from the oil pump as well as establishing a fluid communication between the connecting port 121 and a drain port 119. When the solenoid 112 is energized, the switching valve 111 establishes a fluid communication between the connecting port 120 and a drain port 119 as well as establishing a fluid communication between the connecting port 121 and the supply port 115. Thus, the oil is supplied to the first passage 211 while the solenoid 112 is not energized and the oil is supplied to the second passage 212 while the solenoid 113 is energized. The inner rotor 220 is fixedly mounted on the projecting end of the cam shaft 210 by a hollow bolt 219 so that relative rotation between the rotor 220 and the cam shaft 210 is prevented. On the outer circumferential surface of the inner rotor 220, there are formed four axial grooves 221 in which four vanes 240 are mounted to extend outwardly in the radial direction, dividing four pressure chambers RO each into a first pressure chamber R1 and a second pressure chamber R2. Further, the inner rotor 220 is provided with a receiving bore 222 into which a head portion 251 of a locking pin 250 may extend when the receiving bore 222 is in register with a retracting bore 233. A third passage 223 is provided, communicating between the base of the receiving bore 222 and the first passage 211. Passages 224 are provided, communicating between the first passage 211 and the respective first pressure chambers R1 (except for the first pressure chamber R1 located at the lower right side in Fig. 2). Passages 225 are provided, communicating between the second passage 212 and the respective second pressure chambers R2. The first pressure chamber R1 which is located at the lower right side in Fig. 2 communicates with the receiving bore 222 via a passage 231 which is formed on an inner circumferential surface of the outer rotor 230. The receiving bore 222 has a stepped configuration and is provided with a larger diameter portion at its radially outer end. The head portion 251 of the locking pin 250 is fitted into the large diameter portion of the receiving bore 222 and contacts the internal shoulder of the receiving bore 222. The outer end of the large diameter portion of the receiving bore 222 is chamfered as shown in Fig. 5. Each of the vanes 240 is urged outwardly in the radial direction by a spring 241 which is disposed on the bottom portion of the groove 221. The outer rotor 230 is mounted on the outer circumference of the inner rotor 220 so as to be able to rotate with a predetermined amount relative to the inner rotor 220. Side plates 281 and 282 are fluid-tightly connected on both sides of the outer rotor 230 via seal members 283 and 284, and the side plates 281 and 282 and the outer rotor 230 are fastened by bolts 285 together with the timing pulley 260. A cap member 286 is fluid-tightly secured to the side plate 281 and thereby a passage 287 is formed which communicates between the first passage 11 and the passages 223 and 224. Further, concave portions 232 which define pressure chambers RO together with the inner rotor 220 and the side plates 281 and 282 are formed on the inner circumference of the outer rotor 230. Each vane 240 is disposed in each pressure chamber RO and divides that pressure chamber RO into the first pressure chamber R1 and the second pressure chamber R2. Further, a radial retracting bore 233 in the outer rotor 230 receives the locking pin 250 and a spring 291 urging the locking pin 250 toward the inner rotor 22. The retracting bore 233 is fluid-tightly blocked at its outer end by a plug 292 and a seal member 293, and an oil chamber R3 is formed between the plug 292 and the locking pin 250 in the retracting bore 233. The oil chamber R3 communicates with the second pressure chambers R2 via a passage 234 which is formed on the outer rotor 230. The end of the passage 234 which opens into the retracting bore 233 is positioned so that it is closed by a skirt portion 252 of the locking pin 250 when the locking pin 250 is moved against the urging force of the spring 291 by the oil under pressure supplied to the receiving bore 222 via the third passage 223. The plug 292 is prevented from coming out the retracting bore 233 by contacting with the inner circumference of the timing pulley 260. The locking pin 250 has a head portion 251 having a spherical curved surface. The skirt portion 252 is slidably fitted into the retracting bore 233 with a predetermined leaking clearance in the radial direction of the outer rotor 230 and the locking pin 250 is urged toward the inner rotor 220 by the spring 291. Thereby, the oil can be communicated via the leaking clearance between the skirt portion 252 and the retracting bore 233 and the oil can be communicated between the receiving bore 222, the fourth passage 234 and the oil chamber R3 even if the end of the fourth passage 234 opening into the retracting bore 233 is closed by the skirt portion 251. In this embodiment, while the engine is at rest, the oil pump also remains non-operational and the switching valve 111 is in the condition shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, the receiving bore 222 is in alignment with the retracting bore 233 at the maximum retarded condition in which each vane 240 minimizes the volume of its associated first pressure chamber 38a and the head portion 251 of the locking pin 250 extends into the receiving bore 222 under the bias of the spring 291 as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Thereby, relative rotation between the inner rotor 22 and the outer rotor 18 is prevented. In this condition, when the engine is started and the oil pump is first driven, and when the solenoid 112 of the switching valve 111 is energized, no oil under pressure is available to be supplied to the first passage 211 of the cam shaft 210 from the switching valve 111. The valve timing control device therefore remains in the locked condition as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Even though the locking pin 250 may not initially be received in the receiving bore 222 while the engine is at rest, because the receiving bore 222 and the retracting bore 233 may be out of register, the desired locking is immediately established on engine start-up. The reason is that the vane 240 begins to rotate toward the retarded phase angle side immediately the engine starts, and such a rotation is completed while the oil pressure in each of the pressure chambers R1 and R2 is at a low level. As soon as the vane 240 takes the maximum retarded position the receiving bore 222 and the retracting bore 233 become in register and the pin 250 is biased into its locking condition spanning the two bores. While the engine is running and the oil pump is driven, when the solenoid 112 of the switching valve 111 is changed from the energized condition to the de-energized condition, the oil under pressure is supplied from the switching valve 111 to the first passage 211 of the cam shaft 210 and is further introduced to each of the first pressure chambers R1 via the passage 287 and the passages 224. At the same time, the oil under pressure is supplied from the passage 287 to the receiving bore 222. On the other hand, the oil is discharged from each of the second pressure chambers R2 via the passages 225, the second passage 212, the switching valve 111 and thence to drain. Thereby, the locking pin 250 is expelled from the receiving bore 222 against the bias of the spring 291 by the oil under pressure which is supplied to the receiving bore 222 and the inner rotor 220 is rotated relative to the outer rotor 230 as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The oil which is supplied to the receiving bore 222 is supplied to the first pressure chamber R1 located at the lower right side in Fig. 4 via the passage 231 formed on the outer rotor 230. In the condition shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, namely the condition in which the spherically curved head portion 251 of the locking pin 250 extends very slightly into the receiving bore 222, the inner rotor 220 is allowed to commence its rotation relative to the outer rotor 230 before the whole of the head portion 251 of the locking pin 250 comes out the receiving bore 222. Accordingly, the time is shortened before the rotatable shaft begins to rotate relative to the rotation transmitting member after the oil under pressure begins to be supplied to the receiving bore 222. Therefore the response time of the operation of the valve timing control device is improved. Further, in the condition shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, since the locking pin 250 is pushed outwardly by not only the oil supplied to the receiving bore 222 but also by a component F1 of the force which acts on the locking pin 250 by the relative rotation between the rotatable shaft and the rotation transmitting member as shown in Fig. 6, the locking pin 250 comes out the receiving bore 222 rapidly. Accordingly, on initial engine start-up it is able rapidly to change from the condition (the maximum retarded condition) shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to the condition (the maximum advanced condition) shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 via the condition shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the vanes 240 minimize the volume of the second pressure chambers 38a at the maximum advanced condition. When the rotatable shaft is rotated relative to the rotation transmitting member from the condition shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to the condition shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 via the condition shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the pulsation of the oil supplied to the receiving bore 222 acts on the locking pin 250. In this embodiment, since the retracting bore 233 is communicated to the second pressure chambers R2 via the fourth passage 234 and thereby the locking pin 250 receives a damping effect, when the rotatable shaft rotates relative to the rotation transmitting member under the condition in which the locking pin 250 comes out the receiving bore 222 by the oil supplied to the receiving bore 222, any slight vibration of the locking pin 250 due to pulsation of the oil supplied to the receiving bore 222 is prevented and a noise caused by the slight vibration of the locking pin250 is prevented. In particular, according to this embodiment, since the opening of the fourth passage 234 opened into the retracting bore 233 is closed by the skirt portion 252 of the locking pin 250 when the locking pin 250 comes out the receiving bore 222 and the fluid communication between the oil chamber R3 and the fourth passage 234 is restricted, the above damping effect is efficiently obtained and the slight vibration of the locking pin 250 is efficiently prevented. In the condition shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, when the solenoid 112 of the switching valve 111 is changed from the de-energized condition to the energized condition, the oil under pressure is supplied from the switching valve 111 to the second passage 212 of the cam shaft 210 and is further supplied to each second pressure chamber R2 via the passages 225. On the other hand, the oil is discharged from each first pressure chamber R1 via the passages 224 or the passage 231, the receiving bore 222, the third passage 223, the first passage 211, the switching valve 111 and so to drain. Thereby, the inner rotor 220 is rotated relative to the outer rotor 230, and the relative position between the rotatable shaft and the rotation transmitting member is changed from the condition shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 to the condition shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. At this time, since the opening of the fourth passage 234 opened into the retracting bore 233 is closed by the skirt portion 252 of the locking pin 250 and the fluid communication between the oil chamber R3 and the fourth passage 234 is restricted, even though the receiving bore 222 is in alignment with the retracting bore 233, the locking pin 250 is prevented from moving into the receiving bore 222 by the damping effect. As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, since the damping effect due to the restricted fluid communication between the oil chamber R3 and the fourth passage 234 is obtained when the receiving bore 222 is in alignment with the retracting bore 233, the number of the operating movements of the locking pin 250 is remarkably reduced and thereby the lifetime and the reliability of the locking mechanism is remarkably improved. In this embodiment, the receiving bore 222 is in alignment with the retracting bore 233 when the vane 240 minimizes the volume of the first pressure chambers R1 to which the oil under pressure is supplied during phase advance. However, the receiving bore 222 may be in alignment with the retracting bore 233 when the vane 240 minimizes the volume of the second pressure chambers R2 to which the oil under pressure is supplied during phase retard. Further, in this embodiment, the third passage 223 communicates via the passages 224 with the first pressure chambers R1 and the fourth passage 234 communicates with the second pressure chambers R2 adjacent to the retracting bore 233. However, the third passage 223 may communicate via the passage 225 with the second pressure chambers R2, and the fourth passage 234 may communicate with the first pressure chambers R1 adjacent to the retracting bore 233. Further, in the above embodiment, the vanes are connected to the inner rotor and the locking pin and the spring are disposed in the outer rotor. However, the vanes may be connected to the outer rotor and the locking pin and the spring may be disposed in the inner rotor.

Claims: A valve timing control device for an engine comprising: a first rotor (220) fixed on a rotary shaft (210) for controlling the valve opening and closing of the engine; a second rotor (230) rotatably mounted on the shaft (210); means (260) for driving the second rotor (230) from a rotational output of the engine; at least one chamber (RO) defined between the first rotor (220) and the second rotor (230) and being divided into a first pressure chamber (R1) and a second pressure chamber (R2) by a vane (240) which extends from one of the first and second rotors (220,230) into sealing contact with the other; fluid supplying means (111) for supplying fluid under pressure selectively to the first and second pressure chambers (R1,R2) thereby establishing a pressure differential between the first and second pressure chambers (R1,R2) so as to effect relative rotation the first and second rotors (220,230); and a locking pin (250) extensible from a bore (233) in one of the first and second rotors (220,230) into a receiving recess (222) in the other of the first and second rotors (220,230) when the rotors are in a predetermined phase relationship and being returnable into the bore (233) against the bias of spring means (291) by the application of hydraulic pressure applied to one of the first and second pressure chambers (R1,R2) to the receiving recess (222) to release the locking; CHARACTERISED IN THAT the locking pin (250) defines, with the bore (233), a fluid chamber (R3) which communicates with the other of the first and second pressure chambers (R1,R2) via a fluid passage (234) when the locking pin (250) is extended from the bore (233) into the receiving recess (222), the communication via the fluid passage (234) being restricted when the locking pin (250) is received fully within the bore (233) A valve timing control device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid passage (234) opens into a side wall of the bore (233) and is restricted by a skirt portion of the locking pin (250) when the locking pin (250) is received fully within the bore (233). A valve timing control device in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the communication between the fluid chamber (R3) and the other of the first and second pressure chambers (R1,R2) via the fluid passage (234), when restricted, still maintains a leakage clearance path between the fluid chamber (R3) and the other of the fluid chambers (R1,R2) to damp the initial movement of the locking pin (250) towards its locking engagement with the receiving recess (222). A valve timing control device according to any preceding claim, wherein a head part of the locking pin (250) is domed.

Inventors: KIRA NAOKI, NAKAMURA MOTOO, OGAWA KAZUMI, KIRA, NAOKI, NAKAMURA, MOTOO, OGAWA, KAZUMI
Applicants: AISIN SEIKI, AISIN SEIKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1997
Main classification: F01L1
IPC codes: F01L1