Multi-chip module

Abstract: A multi-chip-module (MCM) architecture allows direct access to a chip with minimum cost in space, yield, and signal delay. A first chip 13 of the MCM 10 is connected to a second chip 11 via corresponding I/Os, but only the first chip has I/Os are directly accessible off the MCM. A coupling circuit, responsive to a control signal, passes signals in the directly accessible I/Os of the first chip to the I/Os of the second chip.

Description: The present invention generally relates to multi-chip-modules (MCMs) having two or more integrated circuit (IC) chips. Often, when two or more chips are wired to a multi-chip-module (MCM), direct access to one chip is blocked by another chip. This complicates burn-in, test and debug operations on the module. As but one example, consider an MCM containing a microprocessor chip and an in line level 2 (L2) cache chip. In this particular type of design, most of the MCM input/outputs (I/Os) are wired directly to the L2 cache only. There is no way to get direct access to the microprocessor. Without direct access to the microprocessor, the L2 cache must be used functionally to provide a means of getting data to and from the microprocessor. This limits the ability to burn-in, test, and debug all the chips on the MCM. In the above example for the case of burning-in, the L2 cache and the microprocessor may require different types of burn-in stress due to differences in logic chip and memory chip fabrication processes. Also, on an MCM it is difficult to exercise the L2 cache and the microprocessor separately. For the case of manufacturing testing, it is difficult to generate test patterns. A simulation model of both chips may be required, and this would be very time consuming and expensive. A boundary scan approach can be used to make the test easier, but this often adds a substantial amount of circuitry and functional signal delay. For the case of MCM debugging, it is difficult to determine which of the chips is failing without direct access to both chips independently. Since most of the interface between the microprocessor and the L2 cache is bi-directional, it is not possible to use any conventional techniques of pin pass through using the L2 cache drivers and receivers without extensive directional control from the microprocessor. Because of the difficulties involved in MCM debugging, MCM rework may not be accurate and thus more expensive. Publication entitled "An Experimental Fault-Tolerant Active Substrate MPC MCM Using Standard Gate Array Technology" by SJ Hedge, CJ Hall, CM Habiger and RM Lea and published at the 7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Wafer Scale Integration on January 18 1995 (pages 197, 206) discloses the incorporation of fault-tolerance into an MCM to permit faults to be overcome by programmable MCM configuration, rather than costly and time-consuming module re-work. A fault-tolerant active substrate is taught. Accordingly, the invention provides a multi-chip-module, comprising: a first integrated circuit chip and a second integrated circuit chip mounted on a common carrier, said first integrated circuit chip having first and second input/output circuit means and said second integrated circuit chip having an input/output circuit means coupled to said second input/output means of said first integrated circuit chip such that the second integrated circuit chip can only be accessed via the first integrated circuit chip; and circuit means for coupling said first and second input/output circuit means of said first integrated circuit chip to each other in response to a control signal, wherein said circuit means comprises an array of pass gates connected between said first and second input/output circuit means, said array of pass gates enabling bi-directional data transfer and said array of pass gates being responsive to said control signal for providing a direct connection between said first and second input/output circuit means. This approach provides an architecture to gain direct access to all chips with minimum cost in space, yield, and functional signal delay. In a preferred embodiment said circuit means is incorporated into said first integrated circuit chip and comprises an array of pass gates connected between said first and second input/output circuit means and responsive to said control signal for providing a direct connection between said first and second input/output circuit means. Preferably each pass gate of said array of pass gates comprises a P-type FET and an N-type FET connected in parallel between corresponding input/output terminals of said first and second input/output circuit means. Each of said P-type and N-type FETs should be a large device to eliminate a voltage drop between said input-output terminals. Typically said first device is a cache memory device and said second integrated circuit chip is a microprocessor device, and preferably a separate line is provided directly to said microprocessor device over which a boundary scan signal can be supplied for test purposes. In the preferred embodiment there is provided an MCM architecture in which a first chip is connected to a second chip via corresponding I/Os, but only the first chip has I/Os which are directly accessible off the MCM. A coupling circuit is responsive to a control signal to pass signals in the directly accessible I/Os of the first chip to the I/Os of the second chip. Such an MCM architecture provides access to all chips on the MCM for purposes of burn-in, test and debug operations. The above approach therefore provides a multi-chip-module (MCM) architecture allowing direct access to a chip with minimum cost in space, yield, and signal delay. A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of an MCM having an L2 cache and microprocessor; Figure 2 is a block diagram of a portion of a pass gate array which is incorporated into the L2 cache of the MCM shown in Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of one of the pass gates of the pass gate array shown in Figure 2 connected to a pair of bi-directional circuits. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to Figure 1, there is shown the overall layout of an MCM 10 for the example of a microprocessor 11 and L2 cache 13. Control, address and data from the L2 cache 13 memory subsystem bi-directionally traverse the L2 cache to the microprocessor over respective control, address and data buses 14, 15 and 16. Corresponding control, address and data buses 17, 18 and 19 communicate with the L2 cache I/Os and MCM connectors. These I/Os of the L2 cache 13 therefore effectively serve as the MCM subsystem I/Os since this is the only direct I/O access to the subsystem. Clock, test and other signals are provided directly to both the L2 cache 13 and the microprocessor 11 via bus 20. A JTAG (Joint Test Action Group of the IEEE) signal, for boundary scan functions, is provided to microprocessor 11 over line 21. This allows the MCM to remain JTAG compatible. A BYPASS signal to the L2 cache 13 on line 22 effectively connects the subsystem I/Os (i.e., the I/Os of the cache connected to buses 17, 18 and 19) to the processor I/Os (i.e., the I/Os connected to the buses 14, 15 and 16). Figure 2 shows a portion of a pass gate array that receives the BYPASS signal on line 22. There is one pass gate for each pair of I/Os. Figure 3 shows the details of the circuit construction of one of the pass gates in the array. Devices T1 and T2 are relatively large devices, device T1 in this example being a P-type field effect transistor (PFET) and device T2 being an N-type FET (NFET). Applying the BYPASS signal to T1 and T2 connects the two I/Os to each other. Inverter I1 generates the inverted signal needed for the PFET device T1. The pair of devices is required to eliminate any voltage drop through the pass gate circuit. Receiver R1 and driver D1 form the bi-directional circuit that would normally interface with the I/O subsystem. Receiver R2 and driver D2 form the bi-directional circuit that would normally interface with the processor I/Os.

Claims: A multi-chip-module (10), comprising: a first integrated circuit chip (13) and a second integrated circuit chip (11) mounted on a common carrier, said first integrated circuit chip having first and second input/output circuit means and said second integrated circuit chip having an input/output circuit means coupled to said second input/output means of said first integrated circuit chip such that the second integrated circuit chip can only be accessed via the first integrated circuit chip; and circuit means for coupling said first and second input/output circuit means of said first integrated circuit chip to each other in response to a control signal (22), wherein said circuit means comprises an array of pass gates connected between said first and second input/output circuit means, said array of pass gates enabling bi-directional data transfer and said array of pass gates being responsive to said control signal for providing a direct connection between said first and second input/output circuit means. The multi-chip-module of claim 1 wherein said circuit means is incorporated into said first integrated circuit chip. The multi-chip-module of claim 1 or 2 wherein each pass gate of said array of pass gates comprises a P-type FET (T1) and an N-type FET (T2) connected in parallel between corresponding input/output terminals of said first and second input/output circuit means. The multi-chip-module of any preceding claim wherein said first integrated circuit chip is a cache memory device and said second integrated circuit chip is a microprocessor device. The multi-chip-module of claim 4 wherein a separate line (21) is provided directly to said microprocessor device over which a boundary scan signal can be supplied for test purposes.

Inventors: ROHRBAUGH GEORGE WILSON, ZIMMERMAN JEFFREY SCOTT, ROHRBAUGH, GEORGE WILSON, ZIMMERMAN, JEFFREY SCOTT
Applicants: IBM, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Application year: 1997
Main classification: G01R31
IPC codes: G06F11, G01R31