BICYCLE AND THE LIKE WITH CHAIN TRANSMISSION, MULTIPLE GEARS AND PEDAL UNIT PLACED ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE REAR WHEEL

Abstract: Bicycle and the like with multiple gears (14), chain transmission (6) and axis of the cranks (16) of the pedal unit (1) placed on the outside of the rear wheel, inside the upper arc bounded by A and B symbols, new pedalling system optimising the relationship between the means of transport and its user. The cyclist's position is prone (fig.1), a condition possible thanks to the body supporting "balancer" (8, 9) (fig.4); it allows an optimal weight distribution and cardio-vascular, respiratory and muscular optimisation, which leads to a maximum energy output. The advantageous aspects are: maximum aerodynamic penetration due to the driver's prone position; maximum exploitation of muscular output due to the antigravitational rotation of thighs; better venous and lymphatic circulation thanks to lower abdominal pressure; better cardio-respiratory function, due to easier venous circulation; maximum protection of the spine by supporting the rachis; minimum perineum shock thanks to the saddle (11) supporting the gluteus; maximum stability of the vehicle thanks to ground-hub pedal block-system; reduced weight of the rotating parts thanks to the compactness of the mechanism of transmission.

Description: BICYCLE AND THE LIKE WITH CHAIN TRANSMISSION, MULTIPLE GEARS AND PEDAL UNIT PLACED ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE REAR WHEEL. The invention concerns a Dicycle and the like with chain transmission, multiple gears and pedals placed on the outside of the rear wheel which : -improves the functioning of the cyclist's organs and consequently energy output; -makes a vehicle with efficient mechanical and aerodynamic characteristics and, last but not least, a vehicle nice to look at. The venicle has been conceived by the conviction that the driver' s sitting position, typical on the traditional bicycle, does not anatomically present an optimum functioning of all those organs which work in order to get a maximum output. By carefully analysing the traditional bicycle we deduce that during the maximum angle-shot of the bust, the intrabαomina viscera compression, which is due to the reduction of space into the abdominal cavity, mcreases the abdominal pressure and, consequently, raises diaphragm; the so-called "Valsalva" phenomenon, which is the increase of the intrabdominal pressure, hampers the venous return of blood m limbs preiudgmg the hemodynamic and metabolic aspects ; even an organism m very qood health can endure this situation for a short time without running into serious metabolic repercussion. By analysing the breathing aspect of an athlete on a traditional bicycle we can see that: - the raising of the diaphragm (a very important breathing muscle) during the maximum bust angle-shot causes a reduced pulmonary excursion with a reduction of oxygenation, of venous and lymphatic return, and consequently reduces the power efficiency. By analysing the leg musculature and its functioning on traditional bicycles we notice that part of the energy produced by muscles is utilised to push the traction pedal and that, at the same Lime, it takes a considerable waste of energy to raise the other limb again. Considering the leg muscles and their functions during the pedalling phase we notice that the traction push on pedals is due to the M. Femoral Quadriceps and that all the remaining leg muscles carry out a very small function of traction (they mainly help raising the leg again before another traction push). For all these reasons the traditional bicycle implies a "non-optimal" distribution of the muscular work of the limbs, thereby prejudging the energy output of leg muscles. The advantages of the velocipede I conceived are the following : with this new bicycle the posterior thigh muscles (Femoral Biceps, M. Half- tendinous, M. Half-membranous, M.Psoas and partly the long adductor), working without gravitational effort, turn the energy wasted to lift the gravitational weight of limbs during the pedalling phase into energy of traction. In addition to that, all those leg muscles, which were totally unused with the traditional bicycle, play a considerable role in respect to this new velocipede. They, in fact, optimise the push on pedals thanks to the function of foot extension and flexion ; the legs' muscular work does not coincide, like it usually does for traditional bicycles, with the dead centre of the pedalling phase and therefore allows a valid push on pedals. In brief the distribution of legs' muscular work considering the action of the gravity force will be undoubtedly more harmonious. This condition will improve the venous and lymphatic circulation thanks to a better muscular pump function, facilitating the driver's cardio-circulatory functions. These are the scientific presuppositions for the improvement that this new vehicle brings to the respiratory, muscular and cardiac-circulation apparatus. We will now analyse the disadvantageous mechanical aspects of the traditional bicycle: the experts, trying to get the best possible performances with a pedal traction vehicle, have always concentrated their efforts, and they always will, mainly upon the improvement of the aerodynamic factor; from this point of view the sitting position is the greatest weakness of the traditional bicycle . On the new bicycle the driver is stretched out with his legs stretched backwards. Thanks to that he can easily take a lying flat prone position which is the best thing one can do in order to improve the aerodynamic penetration. Last but not least, the roadholding and the stability of traditional bicycles can be improved considerably. Bearing these considerations in mind, I have been trying to solve all these problems without disregarding any of the details which could be improved and I have carried out all the innovations I am proposing with the velocipede I have invented. After due considerations I frankly think it is a first-rate vehicle with an excellent energy efficiency and an extremely pleasant design. This bicycle introduces so many important innovations - the aerodynamic factor, stability, roadholding, energy output - that it is certainly very interesting and totally innovative as a result of all the improvements brought to the obsolete traditional bicycle. By analysing every single improvement and innovation which has been made, we notice that this velocipede will allow the cyclist an extremely aerodynamic position Fig.l, with a minimum aerodynamic impact of both the driver and the means of transport. It will utilise smaller wheels 4 of different diameter even on the same vehicle without detrimental effects on its speed, on the cont ary these wheels will reduce the weight of the vehicle and improve its stability by lowering the centre of gravity. Besides, weight will be equally distributed on both wheels (function performed by the balancer Fig. 2) with an advantage for roadholding capacity. In addition to that, this vehicle allows pedalling even while turning which results in considerable traction and roadholding capacity. I believe that the most important advantage is the aerodynamic one which, together with the new position of the αriver, makes of this vehicle the very best improvement that can be made on this old means of transportation. The innovation was born from the willingness to create a velocipede with high qualitative standards where the driver would be in a condition of maximum physical efficiency and where he could take the best aerodynamic position. It was necessary to find a way of supportmq the cyclist's mass without compromising the stability of the vehicle and the functioning of cardiac- circulation and breathing. The following solutions were found. The first thing to consider was the driver's position ; it had to be changeable and as comfortable as possible in order not to tire out the cyclist ( any position even the most comfortable one can't be kept for long ) . The position is confined: the trunk must be stretched out and the limbs stretched backwards. By analysing the possible supporting points of the trunk we notice that the ones which allow to keep breathing easily are: the scapular-humeral articulation ( axillary region 8), the upper median part of bust ( sternal and parasternal regions ) ; setting great store by all I have said it was possible to create a special track suit called "bilanciere" Fig.4 or balancer with specific traction on those points mentioned above, allowing a very comfortable and stable position; arms and forearms work solely in order to change the position and get the most favourable one. Another important support is the gluteal region 11 which is tilted and is always about to glide especially when the cyclist's trunk is stretched out in order to take the position of maximum aerodynamic penetration. To solve this problem it was necessary to create towards this new saddle an attraction similar to the one that we have towards the traditional saddle thanks to gravity. Through the balancer Fig. 4 the gravity force which bears down on the driver's trunk is turned into a push on the saddle 11 of the new vehicle. This conditions will assure a valid support for the pelvis weight, preventing the body from going onwards during the shove on pedals ; this effect has been obtained by creating a special track suit in order to get a correct traction between shoulder and saddle while the driver is taking the maximum aerodynamic position. This apparatus has been called "Balancer". It is able to support driver's bust exploiting the gravity force; A fastening with a rapid unhooking 12 ( like the one of the pedals ) fastens the "Balancer" to the velocipede ; the special track suit, into which can be vulcanised the balancing apparatus, harmonises these structures. The balancer is made of material which efficaciously supports the driver's body and is flexible, light and practical (it can be made of different materials such as fiberglass and other flexible materials or compressed air pumped into tubular structures which are part of the track suit) ; it is positioned on the back of the driver Fig. 2. The different semirigid materials (carbon, fiberglass etc.) work from the gluteus region to shoulders comfortably supporting the driver ; the structure allows a stable and comfortable driving in any given position, the balancer runs on a special guide going from 80 cm. to 120 cm. (13). Even in the most aerodynamic position, when the bust is more or less parallel to the ground, the effect of the track suit, with i ts flexible traction (shoulder-saddle) and concerning supports (-the upper part of the bust mainly supported by the axillary region; - the lower part of bust mainly supported by gluteus and hips), preventing the body from falling down allow to support the body in the best way and free the arms without compromising vehicle stability. In brief the supporting points of the driver are: - legs on pedals 15; - thighs and gluteus on the anatomical new saddle 11; - thorax and shoulders on the track suit with axillary supporting 8 or a corset with anatomical shoulder pads; - arms and forearms on handlebar 23. The means of transport turned out to be light, stable and easy to drive without compromising the driver's position and the output of energy. Its characteristics are certainly very interesting. The velocipede is extremely original, light ana fast. Stability is assured by the position of pedals Fig. 3, situated close to the perpendicular line 21 to the ground, passing through the hub 2 of the rear wheel 4 which prevents the bicycle from swaying even when pedalling vigorously. The position of the pedal unit, which creates a ground-hub block, guarantees the stability of the bicycle. In brief, in this velocipede the contact of the rear wheel with the ground is not a point of fulcrum but a point of resistance towards pedals swaying and bicycle's direction changes, preventing oscillations during the pedalling phase to be transmitted to the wneels. The invention originates from the intuition of the new position of pedals Fig. 1 , the axes of the central movement 1 of the pedal unit is always placed on the outside of the rear wheel in a variable angle, within the area bounded by points A and B Fig.3. Points A and B are identified as follows: starting from the Cartesian Axes (abscissa and ordinate) having the hub of the rear wheel as an origin we divide this wheel into four equal quadrants (two lower quadrants and two upper quadrants or two external quadrants and two internal quadrants) . The upper quadrants correspond to the upper 180 degrees of the rear wheel without any direct connection to the ground. The lower quadrants correspond to the lower 180 degrees of the rear wheel with direct connection to the ground. The external quadrants correspond to the outer 180 degrees of the rear wheel without any connection to all the remaining parts of this vehicle. The internal ones correspond to the inner 180 degrees of the rear wheel with direct connection to all the remaining parts of this vehicle. Point A is placed on the external circumference of the rear wheel and we get it by subdividing the lower external quadrant into two equal parts with a straight line passing through the hub. Point B is placed on the external circumference of the rear wheel and we get it by subdividing the upper internal quadrant into two equal parts with a straight line passing through the hub. All the mechanical aspects will present aαvantages due to the position of pedals Fig. 3 and of the driver Fig. 1. I assure an advantageous reduction of weight ; since the wheelbase (distance between points 2 and 3) is more or less unchanged compared to tne traditional vehicle, the reduction of weight in this new bicycle is mainly due to the shorter diameter of both wheels and consequently of the whole vehicle. The compactness of the whole mechanism of transmission contributes to weight reduction. Having wheels in shorter diameter, (especially the rear one 4, this bicycle needs a very small free gear wheel 15 ( a eight/nine cogs wheel when you get into short gears and a twenty-eight/nineteen cogs wheel when you get into long ones ) to develop a proper length in metres; even the chain 6 is shorter and this is an additional advantage for the weight of the rotating parts. For example, in one of our first models with a twenty inches rear wheel 4 - 147 cm each revolution - we had to utilise a 65 cogs central movement and an eleven/eighteen cogs free gear wheel in order to get an eight/nine metres long chain and with this model we reached the speed of about 60 K.P.H. on a plain surface (without being professionals). In brief, the balancing apparatus Fig. 2 is definitely efficient and allows a comfortable and solid driving position. The bicycle is light, stable, easy to drive, has a very good roadholding quality. Lastly, we are satisfied with the look of the bicycle, even if this aspect can be improved.

Claims: CLAIMS 1) Bicycle and the like with chain transmission (6) pedal traction (15) and multiple gear (14), characterised by the position of the pedal unit's (1) central movement axis on the external circumference of the rear wheel (4) inside the area bounded by A and B, corresponding to the 180 superior external degrees of the rear wheel, able to optimise the functions of the driver's organs. 2) bicycle and the like, whose pedals are ciose to the perpendicular line to the ground (21) passing through the hub of the rear wheel (4), characterised by the ground-hub pedal block-system, a condition which reduces considerably the possibility of the vehicle to change direction ; the contact between the rear wheel and the ground works as a resistance point instead of as fulcrum towards lateral swaying of pedals, blocking vehicle's lateral swaying and direction changes during the pedalling phase. 3) Bicycle and the like needing, according to claim 1, a special track suit called "Balancer" (it. "Bilanciere" ) that distributes the driver's weight between the wheels ; it is made of a semirigid structure, oriented and posit±oneα on the back of the driver (9), hooked to the velocipede by a fastening with a rapiα unhooking device (12), wnich steadily supports the driver and preserves the stability of the vehicle; the driver's points of support are :- upper bust, supported around the scapular-humeral articulation ; the axillar and sternal region also support the αriver; -lower bust, basically supported be the gluteal region ; further points of support are : the region above pubis and the hips by the iliac crests ; the balancer's function are : allowing the driver to run over the guide (13), the balancer runs over a special guide whose minimum height over the ground is about 80 cm and the maximum one is 120 cm, allowing the driver to find the best art rotation according to road conditions "uphill/downhill" ; distributing weight regardless of driver's position ; allowing the driver to easily change his posture for comfortable long rides ; the equipment is made of flexible material such as carbon, fiberglass etc. having in the distal region (coccygeal region) a fastenmq with a rapid unhooking device (12) on velocipede's frame in order to immediately free the driver in case of fall. 4) Bicycle and the like characterised, according to claim 1, by lighter rotating parts ; wheels, chain and free wheel, rear frame and fork are smaller, allowing a smaller and consequently lighter transmission unit. 5) Bicycle and the like characterised, thanks to the prone position -facing the ground- by the cyclist's support in the following points : -the upper part of the bust, axillary and sternal region (8) and (9) ; - the lower part of bust, hips (10), gluteus region and pubis (11), the anatomical supports will guarantee a comfortable driving position and the ideal functioning of the inferior arts' muscular, circulatory-arterial, venous and lymphatic system and of the driver's cardiac and respiratory system. 6) Bicycle and the like with special forward and downward inclined gluteus support (saddle) operating on the pelvis muscles instead of the perineum ; the saddle is part of the balancing system and allows a comfortable support. 7) Bicycle and the like implying, according to claim 1, "antigravitational" movement of thigh, working as a pendulum towards gravity and characterised by pedal cranks (16) which are long enough to favour limbs' muscular recovery. 8) Bicycle and the like characterised by a semirigid structure placed on driver's back (coccyx-shouldes ) , supporting the spine. 9) Bicycle and the like with anatomical shoulder pads built in order to support validly the scapular- humeral articulation and to prevent the body from sliding during the push phase on pedals. 10) Bicycle and the like with anatomical supporting corset which allows the driver a comfortable outstretched forward position.

Inventors: FARINA ERNESTO, FARINA, ERNESTO
Applicants: FARINA ERNESTO, FARINA, ERNESTO
Application year: 1997
Main classification: B62K3
IPC codes: B62J1, B62K3, B62K17, B62M1, B62M3