A POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH IMPROVED FLAME RESISTANCE

Abstract: A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance contains 25 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 35 to 60 parts by weight of a thermoplastic substance (based on 100 parts by weight of the polymeric composite material), and 75 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 65 to 40 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide (based on 100 parts by weight of the polymeric composite material) the surface of which is treated by a surface active agent and/or which is uniformly intermixed with a surface active agent. The magnesium hydroxide consists of agglomerates of crystals having all particles with diameters less than 4.0 mu m, 50 % of particles with diameters less than 1.4 mu m, and a specific surface, determined by the BET-method, less than 25 m<2>/g. The magnesium hydroxide is a powdered crystalline product with the crystal size, as determined by Xray powder diffraction method, in the <004> direction greater than 150 ANGSTROM and less than 500 ANGSTROM , the aspect ratio having a value in the range of 2 to 5, strain in the <004> direction being not more than 4.2 x 10<-3>, and strain in the <110> direction being not more than 3.0 x 10<-3>. A method of preparation of a surface treated magnesium hydroxide is characterized in that, the surface active agent or a part of it in the form of a solution or suspension is added to an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide, the mixture is mixed and water separated, providing the surface treated magnesium hydroxide. A mixture of magnesium hydroxide and a surface active agent or a part of it is mixed in a mixer at such elevated temperature, at which the surface active agent is uniformly deposited on the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles, and the product is cooled down.

Description: A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance Technical field This invention relates to a polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance, used in cable production, electrotechnical and car industry, comprising a surface treated powder magnesium hydroxide and a polymeric substance. It further relates to a surface treated powder magnesium hydroxide which provides for improved flame resistance of the polymeric composite material, and to a method of preparation of such magnesium hydroxide. Background of the art For many applications in cable production, electrotechnical and car industry, there are polymeric materials required which are thermoplastically workable and simultaneously they exhibit an improved flame resistance. Most of the polymeric materials with improved flame resistance, known so far, consist either of only a polymer having atoms of a halogen embedded already in the polymeric matrix or of a nonhalogenated polymer and a flame retarder based on an organohalogen compound. Besides the improved flame resistance such polymeric materials show some disadvantages: they are not self-extinguishing, and in the course of thermal oxidation decomposition they liberate great amounts of smoke and toxic and corrosive waste products into environment. The aforesaid technological and ecological drawbacks are eliminated, if powder magnesium hydroxide is used as a halogen-free flame retarder in the polymeric substances. By thermal decomposition of magnesium hydroxide chemically bonded water is released, whereby the process of inner self-extinguishing is promoted, and in the course of thermal oxidation decomposition of the composite material no toxic and corrosive waste products are released, originating from magnesium hydroxide. A disadvantage of using magnesium hydroxide as a flame retarder in plastics consists in the fact, that an effective lowering of the inflammability of a polymeric composite material can be achieved only after incorporation of a great amount of magnesium hydroxide into the plastic. This amount is in most cases somewhere between 40 and 65 % of magnesium hydroxide in the polymeric composite material. Uniform incorporation of such great amount of magnesium hydroxide into the polymeric substance is rather difficult, because the polymer exhibits a nonpolar linear matrix in most cases, consisting of long chains, whereas a molecule of magnesiiun hydroxide is polar, and a powder particle of magnesium hydroxide may, depending on the method of preparation, form either a hexagonal plate or it may assume a spherical shape. Moreover, after incorporation of such great amount of magnesium hydroxide into a polymeric substance some properties of the material, especially its impact strength, strength, ductility and relative elongation, deteriorate. Degree of the deterioration depends also on the method of pretreatment of magnesium hydroxide before it is incorporated into the polymeric substance with the aim to increase the ability of the polymeric matrix to accept magnesium hydroxide, and consequently also to increase the umformity of dispersion of magnesium hydroxide in the matrix as much as possible. It turned out that water, splitted off the magnesium hydroxide, acts self- extiiiguishingly only in the nearest neighbourhood, and, therefore, the required degree V-0 of inflammability can be achieved only with perfect dispersabihty of the surface treated magnesium hydroxide. A natural property of crystalline magnesium hydroxide - its tendency to form aggregates - is disadvantageous from this point of view. Between a polymeric substance and magnesium hydroxide there is usually no mutual affinity. It turned out here that the phase boundary between the polymeric matrix and the magnesium hydroxide particles, so called interface (J.Manson, L.Sperling: Polymer Blends and Composites, Heyden, London 1976), plays the decisive role in influencing the properties of the composite material. The interface has a definite thickness and properties which change continuously within the range of respective properties of the polymer and of magnesium hydroxide [P.Theocaris: Adv. in Polymer Sci. 66, 149 (1985)]. A correctly chosen surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide particles leads to formation of such interface with which maximum adhesion of magnesium hydroxide particles to the polymer, and consequently, transfer of stress to the filler is achieved. The connecting interface must provide for energy dissipation, and inhibit stress concentration [P.Mardsen, L.Ziemiansky, Br. Polym. J. ϋ, 199 (1977)]. At present, the most often used method of positive influencing incorporation of magnesium hydroxide into a polymeric substance and resulting properties of the composite comprises a surface treatment of powder magnesium hydroxide particles before its incorporation. A correctly chosen surface treatment of particles of powder magnesium hydroxide must fulfil a whole complex of above-mentioned requirements which result in the fact that a given amount of magnesium hydroxide can be incorporated into a polymeric material without any problems using common compounding equipment (double-screw compounding extruder of Werner & Pfleiderer Co., KO-kneader of Buss Co., kneading-granulating device Berstorff ZE 40 EA), and such material exhibits the required appearance and satisfactory flame retarding, processing and utility properties. A correctly chosen surface active agent must, therefore, reduce the energetic barrier against incorporation of magnesium hydroxide into a plastic, and remove the electric charge from the surface of magnesium hydroxide to make it more acceptable for the incorporation into the plastic on the one hand, and for the uniform distribution of magnesium hydroxide particles in the plastic on the other hand, to influence positively the properties of the interface, and, in this way, to increase mutual adhesion between the organic polymer and the anorganic filler, to establish uniform distribution of magnesium hydroxide particles in the composite, to act as a coupling agent and a binder between magnesium hydroxide particles and the polymer matrix and as a means for improving compatibility of the composite material, whereby the processing and utility properties of the composite are improved. In the Japanese patent 60243155, but also in the American patents 4 098 762, 5 143 965, and in the German patents DT 26 24 065 Al and DE 26 59 933 Bl a surface active agent based on alkali salts of higher fatty acids or on the corresponding alkyl sulfates or sulfonates or alkylaryl sulfonates or on alkali salts of the sulfosuccinic acid ester is used, wherein the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain of the acid is 8 to 30. In particular following surface active agents have been used: sodium stearate, sodium or potassium oleate, sodium or potassium palmitate, sodium or potassium laurate, potassium behenate, sodium laurylbenzenesulfonate, sodium octadecenate, sodium laurylsulfonate and disodium 2-sulfoethyl- -sulfostearate. In the Czechoslovak patent 241 640 it is recommended to use some of the hydrophobizating substances like a mixture of higher fatty acids or a silane or a titanate as an additive to magnesium hydroxide before its incorporation into a plastic. In particular, a mixture of higher fatty acids, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ethylene ώaminopropyl- trimethoxysilane, and triisostearoylisopropyl titanate have been used. The use of alkoxysilanes for surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide is disclosed also in PCT WO 90/13516, but no particular alkoxysilanes are given. In the U.S. patent 4 769 179 the surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide is accomplished using phosphorus containing titanates. In particular organophosphite titanates and organophosphato titanates are involved. Following titanates are recommended as preferred ones: tetraisopropyl di(dioctylphosphite)titanate, tetraiso- propyl bis(dilaurylphosphite)titanate, tetra(2,2-diallyloxymethyl-l-butoxy) di-(di-tri- decyl)phosphitetitanate, isopropyl tris(dioctylpyrophosphate)titanate, and bis(dioctyl- pyrophosphate)oxyacetate-titanate. Other complicated phosphorus based compounds are recommended for the surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide in the European patent 0 356 139 Al. Dialcoholamino salts of alcoholphosphato esters or alcoholphosphato esters or metal salts thereof are involved. In particular, diethanolamino salt of dioleyl alcoholphosphato ester, sodium salt of lauryl alcoholphosphato ester, me anolamino salt of stearylalcoholphosphato ester, sodium salt of erucylalcoholphosphato ester and diemanolamino salt of aralkylalcoholphosphato ester have been used. In a comparative example the surface treatment has been accomplished using sodium oleate. According to the U.S. patent 4 698 379 and the European patent 0 189 098 A2, for the surface treatment of spherical particles of magnesium hydroxide it is preferred to use saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid ethers, surface active agents, silanes or titanates, wherein titanates are preferred. In particular, stearic acid, sodium stearate, monostearylglycerol ester, glycidylsilane and tetrastearyl titanate have been used. All these methods of surface treatment of powder magnesium hydroxide have one parameter in common - the surface active agent comprises only one substance. From the point of view of the complex of requirements concerning incorporation of magnesium hydroxide into a polymeric material and consequently, concerning the resulting mechanical, electrical and processing properties of the arising composite, it is highly improbable that only one surface active agent might provide for such complex function. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use a combination of two or more surface active agents for the surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide. From the published patent documents (PCT WO 95/19935, PCT WO 96/16902) it is known that not only stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, sodium or potassium stearate, potassium behenate, sodium montanate, sodium or potassium oleate, sodium or potassium palmitate, sodium or potassium laurate, sodium dilauryl benzenesulfonate, potassium octadecylsulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfonate, disodium-2- sulfoethyl-α-sulfostearate, ammonia salts of fatty acids, but also their mixtures have been used. According to the U.S. patent 4 396 730 an improved effect is achieved when magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with an alkah oleate (for example, sodium oleate) is mixed with a further agent which is one of magnesium oleate or aluminium oleate. Higher effect of such combination has been compared with magnesium hydroxide with untreated surface, but with magnesium stearate admixed. In the Czechoslovak patent 261 162 it is recommended to incorporate surface untreated magnesium hydroxide into polyolefins together with partial esters of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, with polybasic alcohols having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or with their mixture with above-mentioned fatty acids or salts thereof. According to the German patent DE 39 27 861 Al an improvement will be achieved if a mixture of a (Ca, Mg, Zn) salt of a (Cj2 - C^g) fatty acid, preferably of palmitic acid or stearic acid, with fatty acid amides, preferably with stearate amide, oleate amide, behenate amide, is admixed to the plastic together with the inorganic filler. A disadvantage of all of these methods consists in the fact that the aforesaid mixtures of surface active agents consist of chemically similar compounds which act similarly, and add only a little to one another. In most cases higher fatty acids or their salts or derivatives which act to a large extent as slip agents and lubricants and only to a limited extent as coupling agents are involved. On the other hand, in the European patent 0 426 196 Al a silane or titanate or aluminate or zirconate or zircon aluminate or their mixtures are recommended. Also in this case agents of similar character and action are involved which act mostly as coupling agents and therefore, also their mixture cannot fulfil the whole complex of requirements on a surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide as mentioned above. One may expect a certain improvement with the U.S. patent 4 913 965. However, this relates only to crystallographically exactly defined magnesium hydroxide with o crystal size in the <101> direction greater than 800 A, with strain in the <101> direction not greater than 3.0 x 10 " 3, while the plastic is an ethylene- vinyl acetate copolymer, containing 25 to 60 parts by weight of vinyl acetate, based on 100 pUrts by weight of the copolymer. For such system it is recommended to treat the surface of magnesium hydroxide with one or more carboxyhc acids (C -C24) or with metal salts thereof. The amount of these agents is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. One of the additives used for incorporation of a surface treated magnesium hydroxide is an organosilane acting as a coupling agent, namely at very low concentrations (0.017 to 0.277 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide). However, only two parameters have been used for evaluation of the action of surface active agents, namely limiting oxygen number and melt flow index which are not sufficient from the point of view of the processing properties in cable production. There are results of mechanical properties like strength, ductility, hardness and elasticity missing. The main disadvantage of prior solutions consists primarily in the fact that they could not provide for the whole complex of requirements on the surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide from the point of view of incorporation of magnesium hydroxide into a thermoplastic material, and consequently on the required flame retarding and processing properties of the resulting composite. An evidence for this is the fact that in most cases a surface treatment with a single-component agent is recommended, and if a mixed agent is used it comprises almost exclusively chemically and functionally similar components which cannot provide for a considerably higher effect. A further evidence is the fact that in the respective above-mentioned patent documents the higher effect of the proposed methods of surface treatment is not sufficiently documented. In the evaluation of the whole process it is necessary to state the achieved performance of the compounding machine (magnesium hydroxide demand per time unit), the appearance of the composite moulding, an inflammabihty characterizing parameter, and the required processing properties of the composite material. Disinclination of a molten polymeric material to accommodate the required amount of magnesium hydroxide in its own volume manifestates in "swimming" of the powder filler on the melt surface, but also in low performance of the compounding device. These paramaters characterize drawbacks from the point of view of adhesion and mutual binding of the organic and inorganic material. The appearance of the composite moulding may exhibit an inhomogeneous structure, so called "mottling" in unfavourable cases, which indicates an inhomogeneous magnesium hydroxide distribution in the plastic. This relates to insufficient depolarization of magnesium hydroxide surface (insufficient conducting of the electric charge away from the surface), and to bad functionality of the interface. Besides the surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide particles, their incorporation into a polymeric material and its processing and flame retarding properties are significantly influenced also by the properties of particles of the crystalline magnesium hydroxide. Interaction of particles with polymer matrix depends on many factors of which porosity of particle surface, in most cases characterized indirectly by Sj}£τ, particle size, particle size distribution, and inclination of the magnesium hydroxide crystals to agglomeration [G.R. Cotten: Rubber Chem. Technol. 58, 744 (1985)], are the most important. Magnesium hydroxide crystals (primary particles) in statu nascendi naturally incline to agglomeration, and they form secondary particles with particle size usually of the order of one to several tens of micrometers. These secondary particles form then the powder crystalline product which is incorporated into a polymeric material. If the aggregation of primary particles is high, incorporation of magnesium hydroxide becomes difficult, and its uniform distribution in the composite material can hardly be achieved. Solution of the problem, known so far, comprises either grinding of large aggregated magnesium hydroxide particles (for example, according to the Czechoslovak patent 241 640 aggregates greater than 50 μm are ground) or such control of the precipitation and crystallization process that crystals (primary particles) of large dimensions arise with minimum affinity to aggregation (for example, according to the U.S. patents 4 098 762, 4 913 965 and to the German patents DE 26 59 933 Bl, DT 26 24 065 Al the crystal size in the <101> direction must be greater than 800 A). A disadvantage of these methods consists in the fact that they are energetically and financially demanding. Grinding alone requires inclusion of an expensive device in the technological line and also its operation is energetically demanding. Preparation of large single crystals on an industrial scale is energetically demanding because of using dilute solutions, long crystallization times, and subsequently large amounts of mother liquors must be handled. Summary of the Invention An object of this invention is a polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance and with required processing characteristics, in which the retardant component is magnesium hydroxide. A further object of this invention is magnesium hydroxide having surface treated by a surface active agent which ensures incorporation of necessary amount of magnesium hydroxide into a thermoplastic substance, its uniform distribution in the substance, compatibility with this substance, and thereby the achievement of improved flame resistance and of the required processing and utility characteristics. A further object of this invention is a method of preparation of magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent. Further essential properties of this invention will be apparent from the following description. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to this invention contains 25 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 35 to 60 parts by weight of a polymeric material (based on 100 parts by weight of the polymeric composite material), and 75 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 65 to 40 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide (based on 100 parts by weight of the polymeric composite material) having surface treated with a surface active agent and/or being uniformly intermixed with a surface active agent. Other additives, commonly used for this purpose, may constitute a part of the polymeric composite material as required and according to the polymeric substance chosen. For the purpose of this invention magnesium hydroxide must fulfil general conditions for an inorganic powder filler. It is preferred if its specific surface area, determined by the BET method, is less than 25 m 2 /g, and at least 50 % of particles have a diameter less than 1.4 μm, while no particle has a diameter greater than 4 μm. Small particles with this characteristics result from minimum aggregation of crystals (primary particles). We have found that if magnesium hydroxide is provided in the form of a powder crystalline product comprising crystals of hexagonal plate shape, its disposition to aggregation can be minimized by preparing crystals of magnesium hydroxide with defined shape and geometrical characteristics and energetical conditions at their surface. In particular, if the crystal size, determined by powder X-ray diffraction in the <004> direction, is greater than 150 A, but less than 500 A, the^spect ratio value is in the range of 2 to 5, a strain in the <004> direction is not more than 4.2 x 10 -3 and a strain in the <110> direction is not more than 3.0 x 10" 3 , aggregation of such crystals is irjinimal, and secondary particles with satisfactory size and specific surface arise as mentioned above. The aspect ratio is defined as a ratio of a crystal size in the <110> direction to a crystal size in the <004> direction. It is an important shape parameter, because it indicates a ratio of the width of a hexagonal crystal plate to its thickness. Strain values characterize energetical conditions on the faces of such a crystal. This is described more in detail in the book?? of the authors H.P. Klug, L.E. Alexander: X-RAY DIFFRACTION PROCEDURES, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1974. Equations for crystal size and strain calculation are given also in the manual to the X-ray diffractometer Philips: PC-APD SOFTWARE OPERATION MANUAL, Edition Notice, Fourth Edition, April 1992. The process of preparation of such crystals with limited aggregation ability is energetically not as demanding as that of preparation of large crystals which do not react any more, and they are prepared, for example, according to the U.S. patents 4 098 762, 4 913 965, and the German patents DE 26 59 933 Bl, DT 26 24 065 Al. An important finding of this invention consists in the fact that incorporation of magnesium hydroxide into a polymeric material is improved, and such polymeric material exhibits improved flame resistance and good processing and utility properties, if a mixture of two or more substances is used as a surface active agent for the surface treatment in such combination which ensures that the whole above-mentioned complex of requirements for a surface active agent is fulfilled. Such surface active agent may comprise a mixture of a titanate and metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, or a mixture of a titanate and higher fatty acids, or a mixture of a silane and higher fatty acids. The use of any of these mixtures in certain amounts and concentration ratios gives better results than the use of anyone single component of these mixtures only. A further important finding of this invention consists in the fact that if an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds is added to the surface active agent, comprising above-mentioned mixtures, further improvement of appearance and properties of the polymeric composite material can be achieved, which is probably related to more effective conducting the electron charge away from the surface of a magnesium hydroxide particle. This effect becomes important already at low concentrations of the aromatic organic compound. Such improvement has been observed also in those cases where the aromatic compound with at least three conjugated bonds has been added to titanate alone, to silane alone, to metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides alone, and to higher fatty acids alone, compared with those cases where these substances have been used alone. Recommended quantities of a mixture of surface active agents in the case where a mixture of a titanate and metal salts of higher fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, or a mixture of higher fatty acids and a titanate is used, are 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight of such mixture, preferably 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The titanate quantity in such surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The quantity of metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, as well as the quantity of higher fatty acids in such surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. Recommended quantities of a mixture of surface active agents, if a mixture of a titanate, metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated bonds, or a mixture of higher fatty acids, a titanate, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated bonds is used, are 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The titanate quantity in such surface active agent is 0 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The quantity of metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, as well as the quantity of higher fatty acids in such surface active agent is 0 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The quantity of the aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds in such surface active agent is 0.002 to 0.1 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. Recommended quantities of a mixture of surface active agents in the case where a mixture of higher fatty acids and a silane is used, are 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The silane quantity in such surface active agent is 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The quantity of higher fatty acids in such surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. Recommended quantities of a mixture of surface active agents in the case where a mixture of higher fatty acids, a silane and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds is used, are 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The silane quantity in such surface active agent is 0 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The quantity of higher fatty acids in such surface active agent is 0 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. The quantity of the aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds in such surface active agent is 0.002 to 0.1 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. For the purpose of this invention the preferred titanate to be used is a monoalkoxy titanate, a chelate titanate, a quaternized titanate, a coordination type titanate, a cycloheteroatom titanate or a neoalkoxy titanate. Following examples of monoalkoxy titanates may be given: titanium(IV) 2-propanolato, tris isooctadecanoato-O; tita- nium(rV) bis 2-methyl-2-propenoato-O, isooctadecanoato-O 2-propanolato; titanium- (IV) 2-propanolato, tris (dodecyl)benzenesulfonato-O; titanium(IV) 2-propanolato, tris (dioctyl)phosphato-O; titanium(IV) (4-amino)benzene sulfonato-O, bis(dodecyl)ben- zene sulfonato-O, 2-propanolato; titanium(IV), tris(2-methyl)-2-propenoato-O, methoxydiglycolylato; titanium(IV) 2-propanolato, tris(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O; titanium(ιV), tris(2-propenoato-O), methoxydiglycolylato; titanium(IV) 2-propa- nolato, tris(3,6-diaza)hexanolato. Following examples of chelate titanates may be given: titanium(rV) bis[4-(2-phenyl)-2-propyl-2] phenolato, oxoethylenediolato; titanium(rV) bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, oxoethylenediolato, (adduct), (dioctyl) (hydrogen)phosphite-O; titanium(IV) oxoethylenediolato, tris(2-methyl)-2-prope- noato-O; titanium(IV) bis(butyl, methyl)pyrophosphato-O, oxoethylene-diolato, (adduct), bis(dioctyl)hydrogen phosphite; titanium(IV) bis(dioctyl)phosphato-O, ethylenediolato; titanium(ιV) bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, ethylenediolato, (adduct), bis(dioctyl)hydrogen phosphite. Following examples of quaternized titanates may be given: titanium(rV) bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, oxoethylenediolato, (adduct), 2 moles of 2-N,N-dimethylamino-2-methylpropanol; titanium(IV) bis(butyl methyl)- pyrophosphato-O, (adduct), 2 moles of 2-N,N-α^ethylamino-2-methylpropanol; titanium(IV) ethylenediolato, bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, bis(triethyl) amine salt; titanium(IV) ethylenediolato bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, bis(diallcyl)amino alkyl-2- methyl propenoate; titanium(IV) bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, ethylenediolato, (adduct), 2 moles of acrylato-O active amine; titanium(rV) bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, ethylenediolato, (adduct), 2 moles of 2-methylpropenoamido-N active amine; titanium(IV) bis(butyLmethyl)pyrophosphato, ethylenediolato, bis(dialkyl)amino alkyl acrylate salt; titanium(ιV) (bis-2-propenolato-methyl)-l-butanolato, bis(dioctyl)pyro- phosphato-O, (adduct), 3 moles of N,N-dimemylamino-alkyl propenoamide; tita- nium(IV) 2,2(bis-2-propenolato-methyl)-l-butanolato, tris(dialkyl)pyrophosphato-O, (adduct), n moles of N,N-dimethylamino-propyl methacrylamide, where alkyl is octyl or isooctyL and n = 1 - 3. Following examples of coordination type titanates may be given: titanium(IV) tetrakis 2-propanolato, (adduct), 2 moles of (dioctyl)hydrogen phosphate; titanium(IV) tetrakis octanolato, (adduct), 2 moles of (di-tridecyl)hydrogen phosphite; titanium(IV) tetrakis(bis 2-propenolato methyl)- 1-butanolato, (adduct), 2 moles of (di-tridecyl)hydrogen phosphite. Following examples of cycloheteroatom titanates may be given: titanium(IV) bis octanolato, cyclo(dioctyl) pyrophosphato-O,O; titanium(IV) bis cyclo(dioctyl) pyrophosphato-O,O. Following examples of neoalkoxy titanates may be given: titanium(ιV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris (dioctyl) phosphato-O; titanium(IV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris neodecanoato-O; titanium(ιV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris (dioctyl) pyrophosphato-O; titanium(IV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris (dodecyl) benzenesulfonato-O; titanium(IV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris (2- ethylenediamino) ethylato; titanium(IV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris (3-amino) phenylato; titanium(IV) 2,2(bis 2-propenolatomethyl) butanolato, tris (6- hydroxy) hexanoato-O. Preferably quatemized titanates are used, in particular titanium(rV) 2,2-(bis 2-propenolato-methyl) butanolato, tris(dialkyl)pyrophosphato-O, (adduct), n moles of N,N-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, where alkyl is octyl or isooctyL and n = 1 - 3. A mixture of properly chosen titanates instead of one titanate may equally well be used. Selection of a suitable titanate is not limited by the above list of titanates. For the purpose of this invention it is possible to use metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides containing a metal cation from the group of alkah metals or alkaline-earths metals, and a carbon chain with 8 to 24 carbon atoms. Examples of such salts or amides include sodium or potassium oleate, sodium or potassium palmitate, zinc or magnesium stearate, palmitic acid amide, stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide or mixtures thereof. Preferably a technical mixture (blend) of metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides may be used. For the purpose of this invention it is possible to use those fatty acids which have a carbon chain with 8 to 24 carbon atoms. Examples of these fatty acides include oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, preferably a technical mixture (blend) of higher fatty acids, in particular of palmitic acid and stearic acid, may be used. For the purpose of this invention it is possible to use as a silane various types of organofunctional silanes. Examples of these organofunctional silanes include octyltriethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, vinyltriethoxy- silane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxysilane), gamma-methacryl- oxypropyltrimethoxy silane, beta-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxy silane, gamma- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- amkopropyltrimethoxysilane, garrmia-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-beta-(amino- emyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane or another aminofunctionaL triaminofunctional or isocyanatofunctional silane or a polysulfidosilane or a vinyl-modified polydimethylsiloxane or an organosilane ester, preferably gamma-airiinopropyltriethoxysilane or mixtures thereof. Examples of the aromatic organic compound having at least three conjugated double bonds include 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, or preferably 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4, l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole. Examples of polymeric materials which may be used in preparation of the polymeric material according to the present invention include polyolefins, polyamides, PVC, ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers (EVA) and their block copolymers, polystyrenes, elastomers based on styrene (for example SBS, SIS, SEBS), ether-ester- block copolymers (EEBC), thermoplastic PUR-elastomers (TPU), polyether- polyamide-block copolymers (PEBA), thermoplastic silicone rubbers (TPQ), styrene- acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN), ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymers (EEA), isobutylene-isoprene copolymers (IIR), rubbers ABS, AAS, AS, MBS, chlorinated polyolefins (chlorinated PE, chlorinated PP), vinylchloride-propylene copolymers, polyvinylacetates, polyacetales, polyimides, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyphenylene oxides, polybutylene terephthalates, methacryl polymers, and technical mixtures thereof in suitable combinations. Further additives like antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, antistatic agents, pigments, dyes, plasticizers, fillers, viscosity control agents, metal deactivators, crosslinking agents, reinforcing fibrous fillers and others may form a part of the polymeric composite polymer as required and according to the choice of the polymeric substance. Following examples may be given a) for the antioxidants: mono-cumyl diphenyl- amine, 4,4'-dicumyl diphenylamine and a technical mixture thereof, phenyl-α- naphthylamine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoL 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, thiobis(β- naphthol), styrenated phenol, distearyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl thiodipropionate, [methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenol)propionate]methane, 2,2-thio[dietyl- bis-3 -(3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hy droxyphenol)propionate] , N,N'-dipheny 1-p-phenylenedi- amine, N,N'-di-β-naphlhyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenedi- amine, trinonylphenylphosphite, 4,4'-isopropyhdene bis-phenoL phenol, l,l-bis-(4- oxyphenyl)cyclohexane, dialkylene trialkylphenols, 2-mercaptomemylbenzimidazole; b) for the UV-stabilizers: carboxyphenylsalicylate, p-tert-butylphenylsalicylate, 2- hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, benzophenone, 4-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzo- phenone, 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3'-diphenylacrylate; c) for the antistatic agents: sulfonated oleic acid, pentaerythritol monostearate, phosphate esters, lauryltri- methylammonium chloride, alifatic amines, alkylphenols; d) for the dyes: rhodamine, methyl violet, Prussian blue, yellow cadmium, red cadmium, titanium white, red iron oxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ultramarine, eosin, cobalt violet, benzidine yellow, carmine 6B, carbon black; e) for the plasticizers: dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, n- octylphthalate, di-n-butylphthalate, di-2-ethylhexyladipate, di-n-decyladipate, tributyl- phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexylphosphate, dioctylsebacate, bearing oil, epoxidated soyabean oil; f) for the fillers: calcium carbonate, asbestos, glass fibres, aluminium powder, copper powder, iron powder, alumina, talc, gypsum, graphite, carbon black, barium sulfate, dolomite, silica gel, titanium oxide, iron oxide, sihcium carbide; g) for the crosslinking agents: dicumyl peroxide, tert-butylcumyl peroxide, ,α'-bis(tert- butylperoxy-m-isopropylbenzene), tetramethyltbiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, dibenzothiazyl disulfide; h) for the reinforcing fibrous fillers: asbestos, glass fibres, potassium titanate, fibrous magnesium hydroxide, fibrous magnesium oxide, carbon fibres; while given examples are not limiting for the scope of additives used. The amounts of these additives would be determined individually, and they are in the range, for example, of about 0.01 to 5 % by weight for the antioxidants, of about 0.01 to 1.0 % by weight for the UV-stabilizers, of about 0.1 to 2.0 % by weight for the antistatic agents, of about 0.1 to 5 % by weight for the dyes, of about 10 to 60 % by weight for the softeners, of about 5 to 60 % by weight for the fillers, of about 1.0 to 10 % by weight for the crosshnking agents, of about 5 to 50 % by weight for the fibrous reinforcing fillers, all percentages being based on the weight of the polymeric substance. It is important that all components of the surface active agent according to the present invention are brought into contact with magnesium hydroxide simultaneously, because only these conditions ensure that the components are uniformly distributed over the surface of magnesium hydroxide. In this case we say that the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles has been treated by a complete surface active agent. It is possible to bring only a part of the components of the surface active agent into contact with magnesium hydroxide and such surface treated magnesium hydroxide is incorporated into the polymeric substance together with missing part of the complete combination of the surface active agents according to the present invention. In this case we say that the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles has been treated by an incomplete surface active agent. The latter case is less advantageous, because that part of the surface active agent added to the magnesium hydroxide which already has been surface treated before incorporating it into a plastic, acts less effectively compared with that deposited directly to the surface of magnesium hydroxide, because the surface is already occupied by the incomplete surface active agent. A surface treated magnesium hydroxide can be prepared, according to the present invention, in such a way that a complete surface active agent or an incomplete part thereof in the form of a solution or emulsion is added to an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide, the mixture is stirred, and water is separated. In the case of dissolving higher fatty acids, their metal salts or amides in water it is possible to increase their solubility by adding a small amount of ammonia. The surface treatment usually takes place at a normal temperature of 20 to 30 °C. The process may be performed in a continuous mixer or, using a batch method, in an equipment with a stirrer. In the case of the batch method the time of contact and stirring is usually not longer than 45 iriinutes, usually only 30 minutes. After filtration the filter cake is dried at a temperature of 110 to 130 °C to constant weight. According to another method of preparation of the surface treated magnesium hydroxide a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and a complete surface active agent or an incomplete part thereof is mixed in a mixer at such elevated temperature at which the surface active agent is uniformly deposited on the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles, and then the product is cooled down. With this method of preparation usually high-speed fluidizing mixers are used, in which the heat, necessary to increase fluidity of the surface active agents and their deposition on the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles, originates from conversion of kinetic energy of these particles in the course of their mutual collisions. According to another method of preparation of a surface treated magnesium hydroxide a complete surface active agent or an incomplete part thereof is added to an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide, the suspension is then treated hydrothermally at a temperature of 110 C to 200 °C, at a pressure of 0.2 to 1.6 MPa, then it is cooled off, and water is separated by drying. Detail Description of Embodiments Following examples illustrate the present invention more in detail, but the scope of the invention is not limited by the examples. E x a m p l e 1 2258 kg of magnesium hydroxide in the form of a filter cake containing 35.2 % by weight of dry matter, in which the crystal size of magnesium hydroxide in the <004> c direction is 458 A, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction method (powder X-ray diffractometer Philips PW 1820 with the detector PW 1710), the aspect ratio is 2.2 : 1, strain in the <004> direction is 1.92 x 10" 3 , strain in the <110> direction is 2.85 x 10" 3 , d5o = 1.01 μm, as determined by a laser diffractometer for measuring particle size and particle size distribution (SK Laser Micron Sizer PRO-7000, SEISHIN), and Sj3£j = 8.6 m 2 /g, as evaluated from the adsorption isotherms of nitrogen adsorption (ACUSORB 2100 E, MICROMERITICS), are elutriated in a vessel with a stirrer, with 9120 kg of demineralized water at a temperature of 30 °C. Separately 2500 kg of a water solution is prepared, containing 7.95 kg of titanium(IV) 2,2-(bis-2-prope- nolatomethyl)butanolato, tris(diisooctyl) pyrophosphato-O in an addition compound with N,N-dimethylaιnino-propyl methacrylamide, and 11.92 kg of a mixture of metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides (Struktol Polydis TR 016). The suspension of magnesium hydroxide and the solution of agents are continually fed to a through-flow blender, and after filtration a surface treated magnesium hydroxide is obtained by drying at a temperature of 110 - 130 °C. A polymeric composite material consisting of 65 parts by weight of the surface treated magnesium hydroxide and of 35 parts by weight of polypropylene (a homopolymer, characterized by a melt flow index 5 g/10 min., 230 °C, 2.16 kg) is prepared in a kneading-granulating extruder (Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 30) at a temperature of 200 - 230 °C. Test bodies are prepared by injection at a temperature of 230 °C. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 is used except that instead of 11.92 kg of a mixture of metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides 10.33 kg of a technical mixture of higher fatty acids is used, containing in particular palmitic acid and stearic acid which are soluble in the presence of a small amount of ammonia. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 is used except that the water solution of the surface active agent contains in addition 0.08 kg of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-pheny- lene) bisbenzoxazole. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 4 The same procedure as in Example 2 is used except that the water solution of the surface active agent contains in addition 0.08 kg of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-pheny- lene) bisbenzoxazole. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 5 2273 kg of magnesium hydroxide in the form of a filter cake containing 35.1 % by weight of dry matter, in which the crystal size of magnesium hydroxide, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction method, in the <004> direction is 358 A, the aspect ratio is 3.2 : 1, strain in the <004> direction is 2.92 x 10" 3 , strain in the <110> direction is 2.25 x 10" 3 , d5 υ = 1.03 Tm, and Sβ£j = 9.4 m 2 /g, are elutriated in a vessel with a stirrer, with 9120 kg of demineralized water at a temperature of 30 °C. Separately 2500 kg of a water solution is prepared, containing 23.9 kg of titanium(IV) 2,2-(bis-2- propenolatomethyl)butanolato, tris(dhsooctyl) pyrophosphato-O in an addition compound with N,N-dimethylaιnino-propyl methacrylamide, and 0.160 kg of 2,2'- (l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole. The suspension of magnesium hydroxide and the solution of agents are continually fed to a through-flow blender, and after filtration a surface treated magnesium hydroxide is obtained by drying at a temperature of 110 - 130 °C. A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 5 is used except that instead of the titanate 23.85 kg of a mixture of metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides (Struktol Polydis TR 016) are used. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. Comparative example 1 The same procedure as in Example 5 is used except that no 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi- 4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole is added to the water solution, so that the water solution contains only a titanate. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. Comparative example 2 The same procedure as in Example 6 is used except that no 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi- 4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole is added to the water solution, so that the water solution contains only a mixture of metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. Example 7 30 kg of an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide containing 7.5 % by weight of dry matter, in which the crystal size of magnesium hydroxide in the <004> direction is 182 A as determined by X-ray powder diffraction method, the aspect ratio is 4.65 : 1, strain in the <004> direction is 3.96 x 10" 3 , strain in the <110> direction is 1.92 x 10" 3 , d5Q = 0.98 Tm, and S β Tχ = 9.6 m 2 /g, are mixed with 4 kg of an aqueous ammonia solution, containing 0.0225 kg of a technical mixture of higher fatty acids, in particular of pahnitic acid and stearic acid, and with 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene) bisbenzoxazole, containing 2.25 x 10 -4 kg of the active substance, at room temperature. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and after filtration it is dried at a temperature of 110 °C to constant weight. A composite material is prepared in a kneading machine Brabender according to the following prescription: 100 parts by weight of Levapren 400 (EVA-copolymer, 40 % VAC, Bayer A.G.), 150 parts by weight of the surface treated magnesium hydroxide, 20 parts by weight of carbon black FEF, 6 parts by weight of dioctylsebacate (plasticizer), 8 parts by weight of Perkadox BC 40K (peroxide), 1.5 parts by weight of Duasantox 86 (antioxidant), and 2 parts by weight of TAIC. The results are given in Table 2. C o m p a r a t i v e e x a m p l e 3 The same procedure as in Example 7 is used except that no aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole is added. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 8 3O kg of an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide containing 7.5 % by weight of dry matter, in which magnesium hydroxide has the same properties as given in Example 7, are mixed with 0.68 kg of an aqueous solution, containing 0.034 kg of gama-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and with 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution, containing 4.5 x 10" 4 kg of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, at room temperature. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and after filtration it is dried at a temperature of 110 °C to constant weight. A polymeric composite material is prepared at a temperature of 160 °C in a kneading machine Brabender according to the following prescription: 9.66 parts by weight of Escorene LL 1004 YB (LLDPE), 29.00 parts by weight of Escorene Ultra 00226 (EVA-copolymer with 26 % content of VAC), 61.10 parts by weight of the surface treated magnesium hydroxide, 0.04 parts by weight of Triganox (peroxide), and 0.20 parts by weight of Irganox 1010 (antioxidant). Properties of the material are given in Table 2. C o m p a r a t i v e e x a m p l e 4 The same procedure as in Example 8 is used except that no aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole is added. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 9 30 kg of an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide with 7.5 % of dry matter, in which magnesium hydroxide has the same properties as given in Example 7, are mixed with 4 kg of an aqueous ammonia solution, containing 0.0225 kg of a technical mixture of higher fatty acids, in particular of palmitic acid and stearic acid, and with 0.68 kg of an aqueous solution, containing 0.034 kg of vinyl-tris(2- methoxyethoxy silane), at room temperature. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, and after filtration it is dried in a dryer at a temperature of 110 °C to constant weight. Preparation of a polymeric composite material is performed by the same procedure as in Example 8. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 10 The same procedure as in Example 9 is used except that 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution, containing 1.05 x 10~ 4 kg of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)- bisbenzoxazole, is admixed in addition to the aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 11 800 kg of a solution, containing 4.8 kg of titanium(lV) bis(butylmethyl)- pyrophosphato-O in an addition compound with 2-N,N-dimethylamino-2-methyl- propanol, 4.8 kg of zinc stearate, and 1.6 x 10"^ kg of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l- phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, are added to 8000 kg of a magnesium hydroxide suspension in an aqueous medium, containing 320 kg of magnesium hydroxide. The mixture is treated hydrothermaUy for 15 irrinutes at a temperature of 140 °C and at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. After cooling to 60 °C and filtration the product is washed by water and dried at a temperature of 110 - 130 °C. A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 12 30 kg of dry powdered magnesium hydroxide with the same properties as in Example 1, are inserted into a high-speed fluidizing mixer and mixed together with 149.2 g of titanium(rV) 2,2-(bis-2-propenolatomethyl)butanolato, tris(diisooctyl) pyrophosphato-O, deposited on a pulverized inert support, with 750 g of a mixture of metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides (Struktol Polydis TR 016), and with 30 g of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole at a temperature of 130 °C. After cooling down the obtained product is used for preparation of a polymeric composite material by the same procedure as in Example 1. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 13 The same procedure as in Example 3 is used except that as a titanate 19.1 kg of titanium(IV) 2-propanolato, tris(dioctyl)phosphato-O is used, instead of 11.92 kg of Struktol only 2.4 kg of Struktol is used, and as an aromatic compund with conjugated double bonds 20 g of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone is used. A polymeric composite material was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 14 The same procedure as in Example 3 is used except that an aqueous solution of the addition compound and of the bisbenzoxazole derivative only is added to the aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide. After drying the product obtained is uniformly mtermixed with 10.3 kg of a mixture of powdered metal salts of fatty acids and fatty acid amides (Struktol Polydis TR 016). A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 15 The same procedure as in Example 3 is used except that 2500 kg of the aqueous solution contains 2.35 kg of titanium(IV) bis(dioctyl)pyrophosphato-O, oxoethylenediolato in an addition compound with 2-N,N-dime ylamino-2-methylpropanol, 2.35 kg of stearic acid, and 0.08 kg of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)- bisbenzoxazole. A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 16 The same procedure as in Example 9 is used except that 4.5 g of a technical mixture of higher fatty acids and 6.75 g of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is used. A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 8. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 17 The same procedure as in Example 16 is used except that, in addition, 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, containing 2.25 x 10" 4 kg of the active substance, is used. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 18 The same procedure as in Example 7 is used except that only 67.5 g of higher fatty acids is used. A polymeric composite material is prepared according to the following prescription: 100 parts by weight of Buna AP 437 (EPDM-terpolymer), 200 parts by weight of the surface treated magnesium hydroxide, 1 part by weight of gamma- aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 40 parts by weight of bearing oil (plasticizer), 40 parts by weight of carbon black FEF, 10 parts by weight of Perkadox BC 40K (peroxide), 1.5 parts by weight of Dusantox 86 (antioxidant), and 1.8 parts by weight of-TAIC. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 19 The same procedure as in Example 18 is used except that, in addition, 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, containing 2.25 x 10" 4 kg of the active substance, is used. A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 18. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 20 The same procedure as in Example 18 is used except that only 9.0 g of higher fatty acids is used. A polymeric composite material is prepared according to the same prescription as in Example 18 except that 6 parts by weight of garnma-aminopropyltriethoxy silane is used. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 21 The same procedure as in Example 20 is used except that, in addition, 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, containing 2.25 x 10" 4 kg of the active substance, is used. A polymeric composite material is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 20. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. E x a m p l e 22 The same procedure as in Example 3 is used except that the crystal size of 0 magnesium hydroxide in the <004> direction is 522 A, the aspect ratio is 1.85 : 1, strain in the <004> direction is 1.96 x 10" 3 , strain in the <110> direction is 3.12 x 10 -3 , d5o = 1.35 μm, and S β £ = 20.6 m 2 /g. Properties of the material are given in Table 1. E x a m p l e 23 A surface treated magnesium hydroxide is prepared by the same procedure as in Example 7 except that 4 kg of an aqueous ammonia solution, containing 67.5 g of a mixture of higher fatty acids, 0.68 kg of an aqueous solution, containing 11.25 g of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and 0.5 kg of an aqueous solution of 2,2'-(l,2- ethenediyldi-4,l-phenylene)bisbenzoxazole, containing 2.25 x 10" 4 kg of the active substance, is used. A polymeric composite material is prepared according to the same prescription as in Example 18 except for addition of gamma-amino- propyltriethoxysilane. Properties of the material are given in Table 2. Tabuϊka 2

Claims: C L A I M S 1. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance, characterized in that it contains 25 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 35 to 60 parts by weight of a thermoplastic substance (based on 100 parts by weight of the polymeric composite material), and 75 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 65 to 40 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide (based on 100 parts by weight of the polymeric composite material) the surface of which is treated by a surface active agent and/or which is uniformly intermixed with a surface active agent. 2. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnesium hydroxide consists of agglomerates of crystals having all particles with diameters less than 4.0 μm, 50 % of particles with diameters less than 1.4 μm, and a specific surface, determined by the BET -method, less than 25 m 2 /g. 3. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the magnesium hydroxide is a powdered crystalline product with the crystal size, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction method, in 0 0 the <004> direction greater than 150 A and less than 500 A, the aspect ratio having a value in the range of 2 to 5, strain in the <004> direction being not more than 4.2 x 10" 3 , and strain in the <110> direction being not more than 3.0 x 10 "3 . 4. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of a titanate and metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, or of a mixture of higher fatty acids and a titanate, wherein the amount of the surface active agent is 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 5. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of a titanate, metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds, or of a mixture of higher fatty acids, a titanate, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds, wherein the amount of the surface active agent is 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 6. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of a titanate in the surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 7. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 5, characterized in that the amount of a titanate in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 8. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides in the surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 9. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 5, characterized in that the amount of metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 10. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of higher fatty acids with a silane, wherein the amount of the surface active agent may be 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 11. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according defined in any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of higher fatty acids, a silane, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds, wherein the amount of the surface active agent is 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 12. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 10, characterized in that the amount of a silane in the surface active agent is 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 13. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claim 11, characterized in that the amount of a silane in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 14. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claims 4 and 10, characterized in that the amount of higher fatty acids in the surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 15. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according claims 5 and 11, characterized in that the amount of higher fatty acids in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 16. A polymeric composite material with improved flame resistance according to claims 5 and 11, characterized in that the amount of an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds is 0.002 to 0.1 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 17. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active 'agent, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of a titanate and metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, or of a mixture of higher fatty acids and a titanate, wherein the amount of the surface active agent is 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 18. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of a titanate, metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds, or of a mixture of higher fatty acids, a titanate, and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds, wherein the amount of the surface active agent is 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 19. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claim 17, characterized in that the amount of a titanate in the surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 20. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claim 18, characterized in that the amount of a titanate in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 21. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claim 17, characterized in that the amount of metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides in the surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 22. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claim 18, characterized in that the amount of metal salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid amides in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 23. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of higher fatty acids and a silane, wherein the amount of the surface active agent may be 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 24. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent, characterized in that the surface active agent consists of a mixture of higher fatty acids, a silane and an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds, wherein the amount of the surface active agent is 0.5 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 25. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claim 23, characterized in that the amount of a silane in the surface active agent is 0.3 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 26. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claim 24, characterized in that the amount of a silane in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 27. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claims 17 and 23, characterized in that the amount of higher fatty acids in the surface active agent is 0.05 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 28. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claims 18 and 24, characterized in that the amount of higher fatty acids in the surface active agent is 0 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 29. Magnesium hydroxide having surface treated with a surface active agent according to claims 18 and 24, characterized in that the amount of an aromatic organic compound with at least three conjugated double bonds is 0.002 to 0.1 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide. 30. Magnesium hydroxide according to any of the claims 17 to 29, characterized in that the magnesium hydroxide consists of agglomerates of crystals having 50 % of particles with diameters less than 1.4 μm, 100 % of particles with diameters less than 4.0 μm, and a specific surface, as determined by the BET-method, less than 25 m 2 /g. 31. Magnesium hydroxide according to claim 30, characterized in that the magnesium hydroxide is a powdered crystalline product having the crystal size, determined by 0 X-ray powder diffraction, in the <004> direction greater than 150 A and less than 500 A, the aspect ratio in the range of 2 to 5, strain in the <004> direction not more than 4.2 x 10" 3 , and strain in the <110> direction not more than 3.0 x 10" 3 . 32. A method of preparation of a surface treated magnesium hydroxide according to claims 17 to 31, characterized in that the surface active agent or a part of it in the form of a solution or suspension is added to an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide, the mixture is mixed and water separated, providing the surface treated magnesium hydroxide. 33. A method of preparation of a surface treated magnesium hydroxide according to claims 17 to 31, characterized in that a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and a surface active agent or a part of it is mixed in a mixer at such elevated temperature, at which the surface active agent is uniformly deposited on the surface of magnesium hydroxide particles, and the product is cooled down. 34. A method of preparation of a surface treated magnesium hydroxide according to claims 17 to 31, characterized in that the surface active agent or a part of it is added to an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide, the suspension is then hydrothermaUy treated at a temperature of 110 to 200 °C, at a pressure of 0.2 to 1.6 MPa, it is cooled down and water is separated, providing the surface treated magnesium hydroxide.

Inventors: GABARIK MILAN, KRAJCI PAVEL, LENCSES LADISLAV, SKUBLA PAVOL, GABARIK, MILAN, KRAJCI, PAVEL, LENCSES, LADISLAV, SKUBLA, PAVOL
Applicants: DUSLO A S SALA, GABARIK MILAN, KRAJCI PAVEL, LENCSES LADISLAV, SKUBLA PAVOL, DUSLO, A.S. SALA, GABARIK, MILAN, KRAJCI, PAVEL, LENCSES, LADISLAV, SKUBLA, PAVOL
Application year: 1997
Main classification: C08K9
IPC codes: C01F5, C08K9, C09C1