Dual brush cleaner retraction mechanism and variable inertia drift controller for retractable cleaner

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus in which a six bar linkage cleaner brush retraction/engagement mechanism enables brush retraction and engagement with respect to a photoreceptor while providing good control over the brush interference and the capability of changing all of the timing parameters through clutch actuation times in software and clutch shaft speed. The mechanism allows the brushes to retract and engage the photoreceptor independently of one another with relatively soft contacts to the photoreceptor to minimize impacts to photoreceptor motion quality. A four position clutch (200) is used to provide magnetic pole sensor outputs to a control system (290) to decide when the clutch (200), which drives the six bar linkage, is engaged and disengaged. Index wheel (230) of the clutch (200) has four equally spaced magnets (205, 210, 215, 220) that are located relative to a retraction crank shaft (180) so that there is a significant amount of time between detecting a pole and the corresponding desired state. An encoder may also be used to monitor the mechanical drift of each cleaner state.

Description: This invention relates to an electrostatographic printer or copier, and more particularly to a dual brush retraction mechanism. In the image on image, multipass color process, four cycles of the photoreceptor are required to develop each color (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) prior to transfer. To prevent disturbance of these images as they are being developed, the cleaning subsystem is required to retract from the photoreceptor during the development cycle. Following transfer, the cleaning elements must engage the photoreceptor, clean the residual toner, and then retract to allow development of the next set of prints. For maximum efficiency, these retraction and engagement cycles for the cleaner need to occur in the interdocument zones on the photoreceptor. For some color product machines, a dual electrostatic brush cleaner is used for its cost, size, cleaning performance and reliability. The problem.in such cleaning systems has been the identification of a mechanism to retract and engage each brush sequentially while allowing a large tolerance in the location of the photoreceptor relative to the cleaner, timing flexibility, reasonable cost and reliable operation. Previous brush retraction mechanisms or systems to accomplish the above-described functions include a system in which solenoids are attached to a mechanism to retract each brush. The space constraints for the large solenoids required to compress the brushes against the photoreceptor limit this system's application. Additionally, the lack of repeatable engagement timing, as the solenoids heat up, is a further limitation. A second brush retraction system is the use of cams to move the brush assemblies about their pivots. However, experimentation showed that using a cam for each brush for retraction and engagement in the brush housings was undesirable because the two cams had to be synchronized to each other in order to maintain the timing required to match each brush motion to the motion of the interdocument zone under the cleaner. While it is possible to use a single cam containing lobes for each of the brushes, the size of the cam required would be very large for most applications. Other drawbacks to the use of cams include the lack of adjustment in the timing between the two brush motions, and the high accelerations occurring as the cam follower drops off the high portions of the cam lobes which could cause photoreceptor motion quality disturbances. A third brush retraction system would be to use a stepper motor drive for each brush assembly rotation about its pivot. This system would allow a large degree of adjustment in the timing of each of the brushes retraction and engagement and repeatable performance. However, the motors required are very large and expensive. US-A-5493383 describes a cleaning apparatus using eccentrics, driven by a two-level gear to sequentially retract and engage the brushes in the non-imaging region of the pho US-A-4 669 864 discloses an image forming apparatus having a cleaning device arranged on the outer periphery of an image retainer, and bringing into and out of abutment against the image retainer, wherein the cleaning device comprises a first cleaning member and a second cleaning member arranged downstream of the first cleaning member in the moving direction of the surface of the image retainer. A cleaning operation of the second cleaning member against the image retainer is conducted according to a time at which the cleaning operation of the first cleaning member against the image retainer is conducted. US-A-5 412 461 discloses an apparatus in which a photoreceptor cleaning blade is mounted to an extension of the coupler link of a four bar linkage. A torsion spring is positioned at the pivot of the crank link to create the torque on the crank link. A weight or solenoid can also be used to create the torque on the crank link. This torque supplies the force to the mounted cleaning blade. The instantaneous center of rotation is a virtual pivot point which is located on the photoreceptor tangent plane. The linkage reaction forces and the blade friction load all pass through the virtual pivot point leaving the blade load a function of the torque on the crank link. In machines where the cleaning blade is located on a long span of a belt photoreceptor this offers the advantage of blade loading insensitivity to friction without trapping the photoreceptor inside pivot bearings. US-A-5 442 422 discloses an apparatus for cleaning an imaging surface with a hybrid cleaner that includes the implementation of a contamination seal in the cleaner unit. The contamination seal captures falling accumulated toner from the blade edge and in the brush nip, due to gravitation, which contaminates the xerographic area when the cleaner blade and disturber brush are retracted from the imaging surface. The contamination seal rests along the length of the blade portion that extends from the blade holder. In this position, the contamination seal does not touch the imaging surface to cause scratches nor does it interfere with the blade's ability to clean the imaging surface. Implementation of the contamination seal contains toner emission within the cleaner from the blade edge and brush nip. US-A-5 450 186 discloses a flexible cleaner brush belt that increases the brush belt life by flexing away from the photoreceptor when not in use. The flexible belt is lifted away from contact with the photoreceptor and placed back into contact with the photoreceptor by a camming device. A camming device attached to linkages, increases the diameter of the flexible brush belt to lift the brush belt away from contact with the imaging surface. The camming device urges the belt brush back into contact with the imaging surface by decreasing the diameter of the brush belt. This movement of the brush belt increases the brush belt life and does not cause print quality defects, excessive toner clouding, or loss of machine productivity. Briefly stated, and in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for cleaning particles from a movable surface of a multipass image on image printing machine, comprising: at least two means for cleaning the surface including a first cleaning means and a second cleaning means, the first cleaning means being located upstream from the second cleaning means in a direction of motion of the surface; and a mechanism for pivotally supporting the first cleaning means and said second cleaning means, each cleaning means having an actual pivot axis parallel to and above the surface and perpendicular to the direction of motion of the surface, the mechanism enabling the first cleaning means and the second cleaning means to sequentially retract from and engage with the surface. Other features of the present invention will become apparent as reference is made, by way of example only, to the description and accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic of the four bar linkage of the present invention attached to the first cleaner brush; Figure 2a is a side view of an interference wheel that controls interference between a brush and the photoreceptor; Figure 2b is a perspective view of Figure 2a; Figure 3 is a schematic view of the compressible coupler link; Figure 4 is a schematic view of the six bar linkage of the present invention for retraction of a dual brush cleaner Figures 5a-5d show sequentially the four position clutch actuation timing of the present invention; Figure 6 is a graphical depiction of two brushes about 90 degrees out of phase; Figure 7 is an isometric schematic of a four-position self-indexing clutch; Figure 8 is a schematic of an encoder in the present invention; Figures 9A and 9B are graphical depictions of encoder pulses; Figure 10 is a schematic of an embodiment of the present invention using a six bar linkage retraction system with an encoder and four-position clutch; and Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of a printing apparatus incorporating the inventive features of the present invention. For a general understanding of a color electrostatographic printing or copying machine in which the present invention may be incorporated, reference is made to US-A-4 599 285 and US-A-4 679 929, which describe the image on image process having multi-pass development with single pass transfer. Although the cleaning method and apparatus of the present invention is particularly well adapted for use in a color electrostatographic printing or copying machine, it should become evident from the following discussion, that it is equally well suited for use in a wide variety of devices and is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments shown herein. Referring now to the drawings, the various processing stations employed in the reproduction machine are illustrated in Figure 11 and will be briefly described. A reproduction machine, from which the present invention finds advantageous use, utilizes a charge retentive member in the form of the photoconductive or photoreceptive belt 10 consisting of a photoconductive or photoreceptor surface 11 and an electrically conductive, light transmissive substrate mounted for movement pass charging station A, and exposure station B, developer stations C, transfer station D, fusing station E and cleaning station F. Belt 10 moves in the direction of arrow 16 to advance successive portions thereof sequentially through the various processing stations disposed about the path of movement thereof. Belt 10 is entrained about a plurality of rollers 18, 20 and 22, the former of which can be used to provide suitable tensioning of the photoreceptor belt 10. Motor 23 rotates roller 18 to advance belt 10 in the direction of arrow 16. Roller 20 is coupled to motor 23 by suitable means such as a belt drive (not shown). As can be seen by further reference to Figure 11, initially successive portions of belt 10 pass through charging station A. At charging station A, a corona device such as a scorotron, corotron or dicorotron indicated generally by the reference numeral 24, charges the belt 10 to a selectively high uniform positive or negative potential. Any suitable control, well known in the art, may be employed for controlling the corona device 24. Next, the charged portions of the photoreceptor surface are advanced through exposure station B. At exposure station B, the uniformly charged photoreceptor or charge retentive surface 10 is exposed to a laser based input and/or output scanning device 25 which causes the charge retentive surface to be discharged in accordance with the output from the scanning device (for example a two level Raster Output Scanner (ROS)). The photoreceptor, which is initially charged to a voltage, undergoes dark decay to a voltage level. When exposed at the exposure station B it is discharged to near zero or ground potential for the image area in all colors. At development station C, a development system, indicated generally by the reference numeral 30, advances development materials into contact with the electrostatic latent images. The development system 30 comprises first 42, second 40, third 34 and fourth 32 developer apparatuses. (However, this number may increase or decrease depending upon the number of colors, i.e. here four colors are referred to, thus, there are four developer housings.) The first developer apparatus 42 comprises a housing containing a donor roll 47, a magnetic roller 48, and developer material 46. The second developer apparatus 40 comprises a housing containing a donor roll 43, a magnetic roller 44, and developer material 45. The third developer apparatus 34 comprises a housing containing a donor roll 37, a magnetic roller 38, and developer material 39. The fourth developer apparatus 32 comprises a housing containing a donor roll 35, a magnetic roller 36, and developer material 33. The magnetic rollers 36, 38, 44, and 48 develop toner onto donor rolls 35, 37, 43 and 47 respectively. The donor rolls 35, 37, 43, and 47 then develop the toner onto the imaging or photoreceptor surface 11. It is noted that development housings 32, 34, 40, 42, and any subsequent development housings must be scavengeless so as not to disturb the image formed by the previous development apparatus. All four housings contain developer material 33, 39, 45, 46 of selected colors. Electrical biasing is accomplished via power supply 41, electrically connected to developer apparatuses 32, 34, 40 and 42. Sheets of substrate or support material 58 are advanced to transfer station D from a supply tray, not shown. Sheets are fed from the tray by a sheet feeder, also not shown, and advanced to transfer station D through a corona charging device 60. After transfer, the sheet continues to move in the direction of arrow 62, to fusing station E. Fusing station E includes a fuser assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 64, which permanently affixes the transferred toner powder images to the sheets. Preferably, fuser assembly 64 includes a heated fuser roller 66 adapted to be pressure engaged with a back-up roller 68 with the toner powder images contacting fuser roller 66. In this manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to the sheet. After fusing, copy sheets are directed to a catch tray, not shown, or a finishing station for binding, stapling, collating, etc., and removal from the machine by the operator. Alternatively, the sheet may be advanced to a duplex tray (not shown) from which it will be returned to the processor for receiving a second side copy. A lead edge to trail edge reversal and an odd number of sheet inversions is generally required for presentation of the second side for copying. However, if overlay information in the form of additional or second color information is desirable on the first side of the sheet, no lead edge to trail edge reversal is required. Of course, the return of the sheets for duplex or overlay copying may also be accomplished manually. Residual toner and debris remaining on photoreceptor belt 10 after each copy is made, may be removed at cleaning station F with a brush or other type of cleaning system 70. The cleaning system is supported under the photoreceptive belt by two backers 160 and 170. A negatively biased pre-clean 161 is located upstream from the cleaning system in the direction of motion of the photoreceptor belt 10. In the present invention, a six bar linkage is used to retract and engage the cleaner brushes. Reference is made to Figure 1, which shows a schematic of the first brush being retracted by four bars of the six bar linkage. Frame link 190 is shown in Figure 4. Rocker link 115 is an endplate with a pivot point 114. Crank link 130 is mounted symmetrically between two brushes 100, 102 (see Figure 4) and on the opposite side of the cleaner endplate from the photoreceptor belt 10. A coupler link 120 connects the crank link 130 to the rocker link 115. As the crank rotates (see arrow 131), the coupler 120 transmits motion to the follower 115 (e.g. rocker) causing it to move toward and away from the photoreceptor belt 10. Reference is now made to Figures 2a and 2b which show respective frontal and side views of an interference wheel that enables interference between a brush and a photoreceptor belt 10 to occur with little tolerance variation. The crank motion, of the present invention, is controlled by a clutch 200 (see Figure 10) which engages and disengages causing the retraction crank shaft 180 to rotate. The engaged clutch 200 allows the retraction crank shaft 180 to rotate 180° to retract the cleaner brush and then is disengaged, causing the retraction crank shaft 180 to stop rotating. Upon disengaging the clutch 200, the internal resistance drag of the cleaner due to seals, brush compression etc., causes the brush motion to stop. Due to the large tolerance (i.e. ± 3 mm) on the location of the photoreceptor belt 10 relative to the cleaner housing, brush shaft 175 carries an interference wheel 105 which contacts the photoreceptor backer 160 outside of the photoreceptor belt path and prevents the brush 100 from being over compressed. Reference is now made to Figure 3 which shows a schematic view of a compressible coupler link in the present invention. To ensure that the individual brush interference with the photoreceptor belt 10 is sufficient, the four bar linkage (see Figure 1) enables the motion required for nominal brush interference to be exceeded. Since the interference wheels will stop the brushes when they contact the backer bars the coupler link must be made compressible. The coupler link 120 consists of two telescoping portions which are spring loaded. When the brush is not contacting the photoreceptor belt 10, spring 125 maintains the coupler link 120 in an extended position. A pin 126 prevents rotation of the two coupler link 120 halves and limits extension of the coupler link. When the interference wheels contact the backer rollers or bars 160 (see Figures 2a and 2b), the rocker link 115 stops rotating, the crank link 130 continues to rotate and the coupler link 120 compresses the coupler spring 125 and the two telescoping coupler link pieces slide over one another to a retracted position. Reference is now made to Figure 4 which shows a schematic view of the six bar linkage, of the present invention, for retraction of a dual brush cleaner. Like the first brush 100, described in Figure 1, a second brush 102 must also be retracted and engaged to the photoreceptor belt 10. In order that the retraction and engagement of the second brush always occurs in the interdocument zones (i.e. the area between the imaging regions on the imaging surface) of the photoreceptor belt 10, the second brush 102 always lags the engagement or retraction motion of the first brush 100 by the time it takes the interdocument zone to move the distance between the two brushes 100, 102. To create this "lag", the second brush 102, which carries an interference wheel 106, is also moved by a four bar linkage but, rather than being driven directly by the crank link 130, the second brush is driven by an extension 120' of the coupler link 120 for the first brush four bar linkage. A connection point 119 to the first brush coupler link 120 is chosen such that the motion of the second brush 102 lags behind that of the first brush 100, in the direction of motion of the photoreceptor belt 10 shown by arrow 16. A six bar linkage (rather then an eight bar linkage) is used for a dual brush cleaner because the four bar linkage of the second brush 102 (located downstream from the first brush in the direction of motion of the photoreceptor belt 10 shown by arrow 16) four bar linkage has the frame link 190 in common with the first brush four bar linkage and uses the first brush coupler link 120 to drive the second brush 102, only two additional links 121 (i.e. coupler link) and 116 (i.e. rocker or follower link) are required for a dual brush cleaner retraction system. Link 121 is similar to link 120 and includes a spring 127. The rocker link 116 has a pivot point 110. Hence, the entire two brush retraction system includes a six bar linkage. Reference is made to Figures 5a-5d which show, sequentially, the four position actuation timing of a cleaning unit 71 in accordance with the present invention. The lag in retraction and engagement of the two brushes built into the six bar linkage does not allow any variation in lag timing or variation in lag timing versus retraction timing. These timing factors must be designed into the six bar linkage. The distance between the brushes on some cleaner and the speed and size of the interdocument zones were such that the design of a six bar linkage which would satisfy all of these requirements did not fit into the architecture of the printing machine. To avoid this problem and supply timing flexibility, a clutch (or stepper motor or like device) is used. This clutch has an intermediate stopping point between the 180° stops for each retraction and engagement cycle of the brushes. In Figure 5a, both brushes 100, 102 are in the "home position" (i.e. both brushes 100, 102 are retracted from the photoreceptor belt 10). The operation for engagement is to actuate the clutch 200 to a first position, causing the first brush 100 to engage the photoreceptor belt 10 in interdocument zone 14 and the second brush 102 to move part of the way towards the photoreceptor belt 10 but not contact it - see Figure 5b. The second clutch actuation waits for the interdocument zone 14 to move toward the second brush 102. On the second clutch actuation, the second brush 102 moves the remainder of the distance to contact the photoreceptor belt 10 in the interdocument zone 14 and the first brush linkage 115 (see Figure 1) over extends, compressing the coupler link 120. At this point, the clutch 200 is in the second position and has rotated 180° from the start position and both brushes 100, 102 are engaged with the photoreceptor belt 10 - see Figure 5c. To retract the brushes 100, 102, the clutch 200 is actuated to a third position. This retracts the first brush 100 partially away from the photoreceptor belt 10 and leaves the second brush 102 in contact with the photoreceptor belt 10. The retraction cycle then pauses to wait for the interdocument zone 14 to move to the second brush 102 - see Figure 5d. The clutch 200 then actuates to the fourth position which completely retracts the first brush 100 and the second brush 102, returning to the original home position - see Figure 5a. The six bar linkage retraction system enables the two brushes of the dual electrostatic retractable brush cleaner to disengage from the photoreceptor, independently, at the arrival of the interdocument zone ahead of the developed color multipass (untransferred) image. After transfer, the six bar linkage retraction system enables the two brushes to engage the photoreceptor, independently, at the arrival of the interdocument zone, ahead of the untransferred image. In order to accomplish this mechanical movement of the two electrostatic brush cleaners 100, 102, the brushes are linked to a single retraction crank shaft 180. The rotation of the retraction crank shaft 180 is controlled by a clutch 200 (also referred to as a retraction clutch). When the retraction clutch 200 is engaged, the retraction crank shaft 180 spins, and the linkage causes the two brushes 100, 102 to move. The movement of the two brushes is out of phase by approximately 90° as shown by Figure 6. Although the two electrostatic brushes 100, 102 are always in motion when the retraction clutch 200 is engaged, there are four distinct cleaner positions as described above in Figures 5a-5d. (i.e. the positions are both brushes retracted, the first brush engaged and the second brush retracted; both brushes engaged; and the first brush retracted and the second brush engaged). These four cleaner positions (or four states) occur during one revolution of the retraction crank shaft 180. If the approximate speed of the retraction crank shaft 180 is about 240rpm then, the four cleaner states can occur in approximately 250ms, if the retraction clutch 200 is engaged continuously. Reference is now made to Figure 7, which shows an isometric view of the four-position self-indexing clutch 200 to control the retraction/engagement of the dual brush cleaner. The clutch 200 has four magnetic poles 205, 210, 215, 220 spaced equally around its index wheel 230. Three of the poles are magnetic south 205, 210, 215 and the fourth pole is magnetic north 220. The four position clutch 200 can sense its position through the use of a device such as the Hall effect sensor and four magnets. The home position is sensed with a north pole and the other positions are sensed using south poles. This allows the mechanism to always be capable of returning to a known home position to reset the retraction and engagement process. (Four position clutches, other than those using magnets and Hall effect sensors, could also be used.) The use of a four position clutch allows changes in the lag time between retraction and engagement motions of the first brush and the second brush. It also allows changes in the time used to retract a brush within an interdocument zone by changing the clutch shaft speed as well as the clutch actuation timing. With continuing reference to Figure 7, a sensor 240 on top of the clutch 200 will detect a north pole or a south pole when it passes by, the sensor 240 being connected to a control system 290. Ideally, the north pole 220 corresponds to the cleaner state or position where the first brush and the second brush are retracted (see Figure 5a). The south poles 205, 210, 215 correspond to the other three states (see Figures 5b-5d). When the clutch sensor 240 detects a pole, the clutch 200 is disabled by control system 290. However, a problem arises in that there is a finite amount of processing time to disable the clutch 200, because the cleaner has mechanical drift and continues to move for some time after the clutch 200 is disabled. This drift can vary from pole to pole as the inertia of the linkage is different throughout the cycle, and also change due to variations in frictional force with time and wear. Potential remedies of this clutch disablement problem include: rotating the magnetic poles with respect to a keyed retraction clutch shaft 180 so that the magnetic poles can be detected by the sensor before the cleaner reaches the desired cleaner state by a sufficient amount to compensate for the shut-off time and the mechanical drift. However, this will not compensate for variation in the mechanical drift from state to state, unless the mechanical drift is basically constant for a complete linkage cycle (which is unlikely). Another solution is to give each pole a unique offset which is matched to the mechanical drift of it's corresponding state, but this solution is costly and at best, temporary because it resolves drift problems initially but not once the cleaner has aged and the drift has changed. Still another solution is to add a brake to the retraction drive shaft to reduce the drift of the cleaner, thereby making the brake strong enough to reduce the drift of the cleaner over the life of the cleaner. Unfortunately, torque requirements, increased cleaner UMC (i.e. unit manufacturing costs), decreased reliability, and increased drive cost to the cleaner are added. The preferred embodiment involves modifying the retraction clutch and using an encoder wheel to monitor the mechanical drift of each cleaner state. The main modifications to the retraction clutch are two fold. First, the self-indexing feature of the clutch (described above) is disconnected, and the magnetic pole sensor outputs are made available to the control system 290 (see Figure 10) enabling the control system 290 to decide when the clutch 200 is engaged and disengaged. Second, the equally spaced poles on the index wheel 230 are rotated with respect to the keyed retraction crank 180 so that the magnetic poles can be detected by the sensor 240 before the cleaner reaches the desired cleaner state. At a clutch input speed of 240rpm, a pole is seen every 90°, or every 62.5ms. Offsetting the poles by 45°, for example, would allow the control system 290 to disable the clutch 200 from 0 to 31.25ms. If the control system 290 measures the drift of the cleaner at each state, software can be used to calculate the amount of time to wait before disabling the clutch 200 at each state. This method is adaptable to variations in cleaner drift with manufacture and wear over time. Reference is now made to Figure 8 which shows a schematic of an encoder 250. The encoder wheel 236 is attached to the retraction crank shaft 180 on the output side of the retraction clutch 200. When the retraction clutch 200 is engaged, the encoder 250 provides output pulses as shown in Figure 9A. The greater the divisions 254 on the encoder wheel 236, the greater the resolution of the drift measurement. Ideally, the circumference of the encoder wheel 236 would contain 360 divisions with each pulse corresponding to one degree of rotation. When the retraction clutch 200 is disabled, the control system 290 starts monitoring the encoder 250 output as it rotates in the direction of arrow 231. When the output stops varying, the cleaner has stopped moving. This length of time is the "drift" as shown in Figure 9B. For example, if the "drift" for the first state or north pole (home) position (i.e. the first brush and the second brush are retracted) is initially set for 10ms, the control system 290 detects the north pole 31.25ms before the desired state and waits 21.25ms (i.e. 31.25ms - 10ms) before disabling the clutch 200. 10ms of "drift" later, the cleaner should be in the desired state (i.e. in this case, the home position). At the same time, the drift is being measured to verify that it is indeed 10ms. If the drift increases or decreases, the control system 290 can adjust accordingly on the next cycle. This invention, known as a variable inertia drift controller, has the advantage of wider manufacturing tolerances and higher reliability over the life of the cleaner. Another embodiment of the variable inertia drift controller is the use of an irregularly spaced encoder wheel to act as the retraction home position sensor. A wide pulse would indicate the presence of the home position, and a 360 division encoder would enable the control system 290 to count 90 pulses (or 90°) until the next cleaner state. The encoder pulses would still be used to compensate for changing drift as described above. The processor could perform these drift measurements every 2000 prints, for example, in a special "print quality" cycle, reducing the need for extra computing power or cost while providing the additional advantage of eliminating the need for a magnetic indexing wheel on the clutch, thus, reducing the UMC. Reference is now made to Figure 10, which shows a schematic of an embodiment of the present invention using a six bar linkage retraction system with an encoder and a four-position clutch with a sensor. Figure 10 shows a complete brush retraction assembly. In recapitulation, the present invention utilizes a six bar linkage cleaner brush retraction system. The six bar linkage cleaner brush retraction system, of the present invention, is an important feature of the cleaner subsystem in printers and copiers. This mechanism enables brush retraction (and engagement with the photoreceptor) while providing good control over the brush interference and the capability of changing retraction and engagement timing parameters through clutch actuation times in software and clutch shaft speed. The mechanism is relatively inexpensive and provides retraction and engagement with relatively soft contacts to the photoreceptor to minimize impacts to photoreceptor motion quality. Another advantage of this invention is that it is adaptable to printers or copiers with tight space constraints preclude the use of larger traditional solenoids and cams. A four position clutch is used to provide magnetic pole sensor outputs to the system controller to decide when the clutch, which drives the six bar linkage, is engaged and disengaged. The index wheel of the clutch has four equally spaced magnets that are located relative to the retraction crank shaft so that there is a significant amount of time between detecting a pole and the corresponding desired state. This "significant" amount of time allows the processor to vary its clutch disable time in order to compensate for mechanical drift. An encoder is used to monitor the actual mechanical drift of each cleaner state. The measured drift is fed back to the controller which can compensate for changes in drift on the next cycle. It is, therefore, apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention, a six bar cleaner brush retraction system that fully satisfies the aims and advantages hereinbefore set forth. While this invention has been described in conjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: Apparatus for cleaning particles from a movable surface (10, 11) of a multipass image on image printing machine, the apparatus comprising: at least a first cleaning means (100) and a second cleaning means (102), the first cleaning means (100) being located upstream from the second cleaning means (102) in a direction of motion (16) of the surface (10, 11); and a mechanism for pivotally supporting the first cleaning means (100) and the second cleaning means (102), each cleaning means having an actual pivot axis parallel to and above the surface (10, 11) and perpendicular to the direction of motion of the surface (10, 11), the mechanism enabling the first cleaning means (100) and the second cleaning means (102) to sequentially retract from and engage with the surface (10, 11). Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism comprises a multibar linkage with each bar of said multibar linkage being pivotally connected to another bar thereof. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the multibar linkage is a six bar linkage which comprises: a frame link (190) being the endplate of the printing machine for the first and second cleaning means (100, 102); a first follower link (115) for the first cleaning means (100) having a first follower pivot (114), the first follower link (115) having one end pivotally connected to one end of the frame link (190) at the first follower pivot (114); first and second compressible coupler links (120, 121), the first coupler link having an extension (120') connected to one end which is pivotally connected to the second coupler link (121) on an end (119) opposite the first coupler link (120), the first coupler link (120) being pivotally connected to the first follower link (115) on an end opposite the extension (120'); a crank link (130) having a driving means, and being coupled on one end to an intersection of the first coupler link (120) and the extension (120') on one end, and on an opposite end to a crank pivot, the crank link (130) being mounted on the frame link (190) between said first and second cleaning means (100, 102); and a second follower link (116) for the second cleaning means (102) which has a second follower pivot (110), the second follower link (116) having one end pivotally connected to another end of the frame link (190) at the second follower pivot (110) which is opposite the end of the frame link (190) attached to the first follower pivot (114), the second follower link (116) being pivotally connected to the second coupler link (121) on an end opposite to the first coupler link (120). Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the crank pivot is located between the first follower pivot (114) and the second follower pivot (110), the crank pivot being coupled to a third end of the frame link (190). Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the driving means is movable between a home position, a first position, a second position, a third position, and a fourth position, the home position comprising when the first and second cleaning means (100, 102) are retracted away from the surface (10, 11), the first position comprising when the first cleaning means (100) is engaged with an interdocument zone (14) of the surface (10, 11) and the second cleaning means (102) is midway between a retracted home position and contact with the surface (10, 11) as it moves toward the surface (10, 11), the second position comprising when the first cleaning means (100) remains in contact with the surface (10, 11) due to stopping pivotal movement of the first follower link (115) and compressing the first coupler link (120), and the second cleaning means (102) continuing movement from midway between the retracted home position and contact with the surface to contact the interdocument zone (14) of the surface (10, 11) simultaneously with movement of the interdocument zone (14) of the surface (10, 11), the third position comprising when the first cleaning means (100) is retracted midway between the surface (10, 11) and the home position and the second cleaning means (102) remaining in contact with the surface (10, 11) by stopping pivotal movement of the second follower link (116) and compressing the second coupler link (121), and the fourth position comprising further retracting the first cleaning means (100) to the home position and fully retracting the second cleaning means (102) to the home position. Apparatus according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the driving means comprises a clutch (200) which comprises: an index wheel (230); four magnetic poles (205, 210, 215, 220) provided from four magnets spaced equidistance around the circumference of the index wheel (230), three of the magnetic poles (205, 210, 215) being magnetic south and one of the magnetic poles (220) being magnetic north; a driving shaft (180) passing through the index wheel (230) of the clutch (200); and a sensor (240) for detecting the magnetic poles (205, 210, 215, 220) as the driving shaft (180) rotates. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the driving shaft (180) has an encoder (250) therealong adjacent to and separate from the clutch (200), the encoder monitoring mechanical drift of each of the positions, the magnetic poles (205, 210, 215, 220) having sensor outputs that are made available to a control system (290) that engages and disengages the clutch (200). Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the control system (290) adjusts the timing of the clutch (200) to enable the first and second cleaning means (100, 102) to engage and retract from the surface (10, 11) within the inderdocument zone (14) independent of variations in mechanical drift. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the clutch (200) comprises a separate, irregularly spaced encoder wheel (236) generating long pulses and short pulses. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the encoder wheel (236) generates said long pulses at about 90° therebetween.

Inventors: GERBASI DENNIS G, LATOUR NORMAN E, MILLER CHRISTOPHER B, THAYER BRUCE E, GERBASI, DENNIS G., LATOUR, NORMAN E., MILLER, CHRISTOPHER B., THAYER, BRUCE E.
Applicants: XEROX CORP, XEROX CORPORATION
Application year: 1997
Main classification: G03G21
IPC codes: B41J29, G03G21