Tin-silver-based soldering alloy

Abstract: The present invention provides a soldering alloy which does not include harmful Pb or Cd and which is excellent in the tensile strength, elongation value, and melting point property. The soldering alloy according to the present invention can thus solve the conventional environmental problems, set the soldering temperature at a low level to thereby restrict a thermal damage to a soldered portion, and prevent breaking of the soldering alloy due to a heat cycle, with excellent tensile strength and elongation value. A tin-silver-based soldering alloy according to the present invention consisting essentially of 3 to 4% by weight of Ag, 2 to 6% by weight of Bi, 2 to 6% by weight of In, and the balance being Sn.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION a) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tin-silver-based soldering alloy and, more particularly, to a soldering alloy of which fusing property is equivalent to or higher than that of "Alloy H" and which has excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation value. b) Description of the Prior Art Conventionally, an alloy having an eutectic composition near Pb-Sn has been known as a typical soldering alloy. Further, an alloy made of Zn-Cd with a higher strength than that of Pb-Sn eutectic soldering has also been known. However, the former soldering alloy has a problem of toxicity of lead and the latter soldering alloy has a problem of an adverse effect of cadmium evaporation to an operator. Therefore, either thereof has not solved these recent environmental problems. Under the above circumstances, various types of silver-tin-based soldering alloys containing no harmful Pb or Cd have been proposed. For example, "Alloy H" (manufactured by Nippon Alpha Metals Co., Ltd.) comprising Ag 2.0%, Cu 0.5%, Bi 7.5%, and Sn for the rest, is known. Alloy H has a melting point which is higher than that of the Pb-Sn eutectic solder and lower than that of the conventional silver-tin-based soldering alloy containing no Pb or Cd, i.e., 212°C, and thus has excellent fusing properties. However, Alloy H has a low elongation value in a tensile test. Accordingly, there has been risk that, when a heat cycle is applied to a soldered portion, it is not possible to absorb a thermal expansion difference between a substrate and a part so that the soldered portion might be broken. The inventors of the present invention made various investigations on a soldering alloy which does not include harmful Pb or Cd and which is excellent in tensile strength and elongation value. As a result, the inventors made an invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-187590. The invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-187590 provides a soldering alloy which has a tensile strength and an elongation value almost equivalent to those of the eutectic soldering alloy as well as an excellent melting point property. However, the inventors have further found another soldering alloy having excellent properties beyond the scope of the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-187590, and thus the present invention has been made. In general, when the melting point property deteriorates, the soldering temperature must be set high, which has risks of thermally damaging the part to be soldered and of shortening the product life. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION From the above-described viewpoint, it is an object of the present invention to provide a soldering alloy which does not include harmful Pb or Cd and which is excellent in tensile strength, elongation value, and melting point property, to thereby solve the conventional environmental problems and restrict thermal damages to the soldering portions by setting the soldering temperature at a low level, and to prevent a damaging of the soldering alloy due to a heat cycle with the excellent tensile strength and elongation value. In other words, according to the present invention, a tin-silver-based soldering alloy as defined in the appended claims. With this structure, the above-described problems can be solved. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The present invention is based on the Sn and Ag 3.5% eutectic solder. Although an optimum volume of Ag to be added is 3.5%, Ag is added by 3% to 4% for the reason of the composition yield at the time of manufacturing a soldering alloy. When Bi is added by 2% or more, the melting point becomes 212°C or lower, and if Bi is added exceeding 6%, the elongation value becomes less than 9%, which is lower than that of Alloy H. When In is added by 2% or more, the melting point becomes 212°C or lower, but when In is added exceeding 6%, this is uneconomical because of high cost of In. An example of the present invention is shown below. EXAMPLE Sn, Ag, Bi, In, and Cu were weighed for a total weight of 10 Kg to have a composition shown in the composition table in Table 1, and the mixture was molten in an electric furnace in the atmosphere using a graphite crucible. The melting temperature was set at 300°C, and after each metal was completely molten, the mixture was stirred sufficiently to avoid gravity segregation. The mixture of molten alloy was poured in a mold having inner dimensions of 150 x 60 mm and a height of 150 mm, with a mold thickness of 10 mm. From the lower parts of the casting obtained, a JIS No. 4 test piece was taken and the tensile strength and elongation value thereof were measured according to a test method based on JIS Z2241. Test results are shown in Table 1. Similarly, a solved mixture of 10 Kg was allowed to cool and the melting point thereof was measured by a thermocouple-type thermometer. Results of this test are shown in Table 1. For comparison, properties of the Pb-Sn eutectic soldering alloy, Alloy H, and the soldering alloy disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-187590 were also tested in a similar manner, and results thereof are shown in Table 1. Chemical composition (% by weight) Melting point (°C) Mechanical strength Ag Bi In Cu Sn Tensile strength (kgf/mm 2 ) Elongation value (%) EX. 3.5 3.0 6.0 - Bal. 204 6.0 19 3.5 4.0 2.0 - Bal. 211 5.7 22 3.5 4.0 3.0 - Bal. 209 5.9 21 3.5 4.0 4.0 - Bal. 207 6.1 20 3.5 4.0 5.0 - Bal. 205 6.3 17 3.5 2.0 3.0 - Bal. 212 5.0 29 3.5 6.0 3.0 - Bal. 206 6.8 13 CE. 3.5 4.0 1.0 - Bal. 213 5.5 24 3.5 1.0 3.0 - Bal. 214 4.5 33 3.5 7.0 3.0 - Bal. 204 7.3 9 2.0 7.5 - 0.5 Bal. 212 6.9 12 Pb-Sn eutectic solder (Pb-63Sn) 183 3.8 30 From Table 1, it is clear that the soldering alloy within the range of the composition of the present invention can have the tensile strength of 5.0 kgf/mm 2 or more and the elongation value of 13% or more, with the melting point 212 °C or lower, while none of the soldering alloys of Comparative Examples can not meet some of the properties which are met by the alloy of the present invention. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a soldering alloy which as mechanical properties such as the tensile strength and the elongation value similar to those of of the conventional Pb-Sn soldering alloys without including lead or cadmium which cause environmental pollution. Further, since a soldering alloy with excellent melting point property equivalent to or higher than that of Alloy H can be obtained according to the present invention, it is possible to set the soldering temperature at a low level. Moreover, since this soldering alloy also has an excellent heat-resistance property, it is possible to absorb a thermal expansion difference between an IC substrate and parts even if a heat cycle is applied, so that damaging of a product can be minimized.

Claims: A tin-silver-based soldering alloy which consists of 3 to 4 wt.% Ag, 3 to 6 wt.% Bi, 2 to 6 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. A tin-silver-based soldering alloy which consists of 3 to 4 wt.% Ag, 2 to 6 wt.% Bi, 5 to 6 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. A tin-silver-based soldering alloy which consists of 3.5 to 4 wt.% Ag, 2 to 6 wt.% Bi, 3 to 6 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 1, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 3 wt.% Bi, 6 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 1, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 4 wt.% Bi, 2 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 1, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 4 wt.% Bi, 3 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 1, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 4 wt.% Bi, 4 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 1, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 4 wt.% Bi, 5 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 3, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 2 wt.% Bi, 3 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn. The alloy of claim 1, which consists of 3.5 wt.% Ag, 6 wt.% Bi, 3 wt.% In and, as the balance, Sn.

Inventors: MATSUNAGA JUNICHI, NINOMIYA RYUJI, MATSUNAGA, JUNICHI, NINOMIYA, RYUJI
Applicants: MITSUI MINING & SMELTING CO, MITSUI MINING & SMELTING CO., LTD
Application year: 1997
Main classification: B23K35
IPC codes: C22C13, B23K35