PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CYCLIC PERFLUOROALKANEBIS(SULFONYL)IMIDES AND SUCH NOVEL FOUR-MEMBERED IMIDES

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cyclic perfluoroalkanebis(sulfonyl)imides and salts thereof. The new compound lithium cyclodifluoromethanebis(sulfonyl)imide is outstandingly suitable as a conductive salt in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries.

Description: PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CYCLIC PERFLUOROALKANEBIS(SULFONYL)IMIDES AND SUCH NOVEL FOUR-MEMBERED IMIDES The invention relates to a process for the 5 preparation of cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) - l ides and salts thereof. Cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) lmides, and salts of these compoundε, which contain at least two ring carbon atoms are known from EP 0 057 327 BI . 0 Compounds of this type can be obtained from corresponding open-chain precursors by a cyclization reaction According to the patent specification mentioned, the compounds are prepared by passing gaseous ammonia through a solution of a corresponding 5 perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluoride. Ring compounds which are initially obtained in the form of the ammonium salts are formed by this procedure The lmides or lmide salts with other cations can be obtained by an exchange reaction. 0 It is known from WO 88/03331 that cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) lmide salts prepared m this way, such aε, in particular, the corresponding lithium salts, can be employed as conductive salts in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary 5 batteries It can be seen from EP 0 057 327 BI that the preparation process described therein gives only product yields which are not very satisfactory. Our studies confirm this, and furthermore show that the 0 target products are obtained in a form contaminated with undesirable by-products and other impurities, trom which they can be separated off only with difficulty and with further losses in yield However, a high and reproducible purity of these compounds is of essential 5 importance for use as a constituent of battery electrolytes . It has now been found that cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) lmides and salts thereof can be obtained m a virtually quantitative yield and 0 m a form which is largely free from by-products and impurities if a solution of the corresponding perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluoride is metered slowly and with intensive thorough mixing into liquid ammonia. It has furthermore been found that the compound cyclo-difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide, which is new per se, and salts thereof can be obtained by the process according to the invention. The invention thus relates to a process for the preparation of cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) - imides and salts thereof by a cyclization reaction of corresponding perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluorides in which a solution of the perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluoride is metered slowly and with intensive thorough mixing into liquid ammonia. The invention furthermore relates to the new ammonium and lithium salts of cyclo-difluoromethanebis- (sulfonyl) imide . The invention moreover relates to the use of lithium cyclo-difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide as a conductive salt in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries. The invention finally relates to non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries which comprise the compound lithium cyclo-difluoromethanebis- (sulfonyl) imide, and lithium secondary batteries which comprise such electrolytes. The process according to the invention starts from the same non-cyclic starting compounds and is based in principle on the same cyclization reaction as the known processes. However, an essential difference is that in this case the starting compound is cyclized in and at the temperature of liquid ammonia, the reaction partner ammonia always bei ^ present in excesε in the course of the reaction bees se of the reaction conditions chosen. The formation of by-products and impurities is presumably largely suppressed by this excess ammonia and the low reaction temperature. Liquid ammonia is produced in a manner known per se by condensation of ammonia gas with appropriate cooling. The temperature of the liquid ammonia is -70°C or even lower. Cooling which is suitable for the laboratory to pilot plant scale can be effected with the aid of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) , methanol/dry ice refrigerating mixtures or with liquid nitrogen. The liquefaction is carried out by condensing the ammonia gas into the cooled reaction vessel . The perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) imide is employed in the form of a solution in a suitable organic solvent. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) has proved favourable as the solvent. It is expedient also to take up the liquid ammonia condensate in THF. For carrying out the cyclization reaction, the solution of the starting substance is metered slowly and with intensive thorough mixing into the liquid ammonia or its THF solution. The addition can be carried out in small portions, for example by dropwise addition, and the thorough mixing can be carried out by stirring the reaction mixture. It is to be ensured here that the reaction mixture is kept at the temperature of the liquid ammonia and corresponding heat of reaction is removed by cooling. When the reaction has ended and the excess ammonia has been evaporated off, the target product can be obtained in the form of the corresponding ammonium salt by extracting the residue with THF and removing the solvent . The reaction yield is high to virtually quantitative. As a rule, further purification operations are not necessary. The ammonium cyclo-perfluoroalkanebis- (sulfonyl) imides thus obtained can be converted into the corresponding imides or into other metal salts by a simple exchange reaction. Conversion into corresponding lithium salts by reaction with lithium hydroxide is of particular interest. This reaction also proceeds virtually quantitatively without the formation of by-products and impurities. For this reaction, for example, the ammonium compound is boiled with lithium hydroxide monohydrate in THF until no further ammonia forms. The yield is also virtually quantitative in this process step. It is surprising that the homologous 4-membered ring compounds, which have not hitherto been described, can be obtained by the process according to the invention These are the compoundε cyclo-difluoro¬ methanebis (sulfonyl) imide and the corresponding ammonium and lithium salts Against generally accepted expectations, it has furthermore been found that the abovementioned 4-membered ring compounds are exceptionally stable Thus, no decomposition occurs during dry storage at a temperature of 100°C Only from temperatures above 230°C are slight yellow discolorations of the otherwise colourless material found after several hours Also after storage solution, for example organic solvents, such as THF or acetonitrile, no changes in colour can be found and no decomposition productε are to be detected even after weeks. For this reason alone, the new compound lithium cyclo-difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide according to the invention is outstandingly suitable as a conductive salt in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries In addition to organol thiu salts, as the abovementioned compound is, such electrolytes comprise one or more non-aqueous organic solvents and, if appropriate, further additives. Further details on such electrolytes and the build-up and mode of functioning of lithium secondary batteries are known to the relevant expert The compound according to the invention can be employed m complete analogy to the lithium compounds known for this use The compound according to the invention likewise snows an exceptional stability here The corresponding battery cells show outstanding properties respect of capacity and constant voltage and unrestricted functional capacity over an above-average high number of charging-discharg g cycles. Example 1 Ammonium eyelo-perfluoroal ane-1,n-bis (sulfonyl) imides 55 ml of anhydrous ammonia are condensed through a gas inlet tube into a two-necked flask of 250 ml capacity which is cooled with dry ice and provided with an intensive cooler (temperature -70°C) . Thereafter, the inlet tube is replaced by a dropping funnel and 55 ml of dry THF are added dropwise. A solution of 200 mmol of the particular perfluoroalkane-l,n-bιs (sulfonyl fluoride) (n = 1-3) in 100 ml of THF are then slowly added dropwise (120 minutes) to the THF-ammonia solution, while stirring. During the dropwise addition, the reaction flask is cooled further with dry ice. During the exothermic reaction, the ammonium fluoride which forms and also some of the ammonium imide formed precipitate out . When the reaction has ended, the ammonia which remains is allowed to evaporate by warming the suspension to room temperature The precipitate is extracted with 100 mi of THF over a frit. The combined THF solutions are freed from the solvent by distillation and the colourless solid which remains is dried m vacuo at 40°C. Table 1: Ammonium cyclo-perfluoroalkane-1,n-bis- (sulfonyl) imides (n=l-3) Example 2: Lithium cyclo-perfluoroalkane-l,n-bis (sulfonyl) imides 4.6 g (110 mmol) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate are added to a solution of 100 mmol of the corresponding ammonium cyclo-perfluoroalkane-1, n- bi (εulfonyl) imide in 60 ml of THF, while stirring. The suspension is boiled until no further evolution of ammonia can be detected (about 120 nuns) . After filtration of the reaction solution and removal of the solvent, the solid which remains is taken up water and boiled with active charcoal (about 180 mins) . Thereafter, the suspension is filtered, the water is stripped off and the colourless solid which remains is dried under a high vacuum. This solid is then dissolved again in 50 ml of anhydrous THF, the solution is filtered and the solvent is removed again. In order to free the lithium imides from still- adhering THF residues, these are suspended three times n 50-60 ml of n-pentane, the solvent being removed again each time. The lithium cyclo-perfluoroalkane-1 , n- bis (sulfonyl) imides are then dried on a water bath under a high vacuum for 8 hours. Colourless, crystalline salts are obtained. Table 2: Lithium cyclo-perfluoroalkane-1,n-bis- (sulfonyl) imide (n=l-3) n d educt Yield ^produc Empirical [g] tg] [g mol x ] formula 1 21.02 19.31 g or 97% 199.07 CF 2 LιN0 4 S 2 2 26.02 24.16 g or 97% 249.08 C 2 F 4 LιN0 4 S 2 3 31.02 28.71 g or 96% 299.09 C 3 F 6 LιN0 4 S 2 Lithium cyclo-dif luoromethane-1, 1-bis (sulfonyl) imide: Lithium content: found: 3.49% calculated: 3.49% 13 C-NMR(CD 3 CN, 75.4 MHz, total) : δ = 133.94 (t, i J CF = 366.9 Hz) 19 F-NMR(CD 3 CN, C 6 F S external) , 75.4 MHz) : δ = -86.95(s) Lithium cyclo- tetraf luoroethane-1, 2-bis (sulfonyl) - imide : Lithium content: found: 2.80% calculated: 2.79% 13 C-NMR(CD 3 CN, 125.76 MHz, 30% by weight) : δ = 115.58 (tt, = 306.6 Hz] = 22.6 Hz! 19 F-NMR (CD 3 CN, C 6 F 6 external) , 75.4 MHz, 30% by weight) δ= -113.72(s) Lithium cyclo-hexaf luoropropane-1, 3-bis (sulfonyl) imide : Lithium content: found: 2.31% calculated: 2.31% 13 C-NMR(CD 3 CN, 125.76 MHz, 30% by weight) : δ = 110.72 (tqi, 1 J CF = 273.0 Hz) , 2 J CF = 25.5 Hz) , 113.96 (tt, 1 J CF = 298.1 Hz) , 2 J CF = 25.3 Hz) 19 F- MR (CD 3 CN, C 6 F 6 external) , 75.4 MHz, 30% by weight) : δ = -125.21 (qi, 3 J FF = 8.6 Hz) , -118.77 (t, 3 J FF = 8.5 Hz)

Claims: Patent Claims 1. Process for the preparation of cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) imides and salts thereof by a cyclization reaction of corresponding perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluorides, characterized that a solution of the perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluoride is metered slowly and with intensive thorough mixing into liquid ammonia. 2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the perfluoroalkane-bis-sulfonyl fluoride is dissolved in THF. 3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cyclic perfluoro- alkanebis (sulfonyl) imide ammonium salt initially obtained is converted into the corresponding imide or into another metal salt by an exchange reaction. 4. Process according to Claim 3, characterized in that the cyclic perfluoroalkanebis (sulfonyl) imide ammonium salt is reacted with lithium hydroxide, the corresponding lithium salt being obtained. 5. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that difluoromethanebis-sulfonyl fluoride is converted into ammonium cyclo- difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide. 6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that the product is then reacted with lithium hydroxide to give lithium cyclo-difluoromethanebis- (sulfonyl) imide . 7. The compounds of the group cyclo-difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide ammonium cyclo-difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide and lithium cyclo-difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide. 8. The compound lithium cyclo-difluoromethanebis- (sulfonyl) imide . 9. Use of the compound lithium cyclo- difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide as a conductive salt in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries . 10. Non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries comprising the compound lithium cyclo- difluoromethanebis (sulfonyl) imide . 11. Lithium secondary batteries comprising an electrolyte according to Claim 10.

Inventors: HILARIUS VOLKER, JUESCHKE RALF, POHL LUDWIG, SARTORI PETER, HILARIUS, VOLKER, JUESCHKE, RALF, POHL, LUDWIG, SARTORI, PETER
Applicants: HILARIUS VOLKER, JUESCHKE RALF, MERCK PATENT GMBH, POHL LUDWIG, SARTORI PETER, HILARIUS, VOLKER, JUESCHKE, RALF, POHL, LUDWIG, SARTORI, PETER
Application year: 1997
Main classification: C07D285
IPC codes: C07D285, C07F1, H01M10