PROCESS FOR THE DIMENSIONAL STABILIZATION OF CONTAINERS IN POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

Abstract: Treatment for the dimensional stabilization of containers in PET or COPET obtained by injection-blow molding consisting in subjecting to heat treatment during the blowing phase, preforms obtained from PET or COPET upgraded in the solid state in the presence of small quantities (0.01-0.2 % by weight) of a dianhydride of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid, preferably pyromellitic dianhydride.

Description: PROCESS FOR THE DIMENSIONAL STABILIZATION OF CONTAINERS IN POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE The present invention refers to an improved process for the stabilization of heat deformation in polyethylene terephthalate containers obtained by the injection blow-molding technique. It is known that containers (bottles) in PET obtained by injection blow molding are subject to deformation, also to a considerable extent, when they are employed under high temperature conditions such as those which occur during hot- filling and sterilization operations. The temperature of such treatments can reach 80°-90°C in which the material tends to soften and shows shrinkage once cooled, with volume reduction which can reach 15-25%. With the aim of reducing or eliminating such inconveniences, the preforms of the containers obtained by injection molding are subjected to heat stabilization treatment (heat-setting) , which is carried out during blowing phase of the preform. The treatment temperature is superior to 130°C and generally is comprised between 130° and 180°C; the duration is a few seconds . The preforms thus obtained give the desired dimensional heat set qualities to the containers. During the treatment however olygomers are formed which leads to fouling of the mold and consequently the necessity of cleaning it, and therefore frequent interruptions in the production cycle . It has now been found that it is possible to reduce or diminish the precipitation of olygomers in the preform blow molds and to be able to operate therefore with production cycles which do not require mold cleaning operations . This can be achieved by subjecting to heat setting preforms obtained from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or its copolymers (COPET) in which up to 15% by moles of units deriving from terephthalic acid are substituted by units deriving from isophthalic acid and/or naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, previously subjected to upgrading or polycondensation in the solid state (SSPA; in the presence of small percentages of a dianhydride of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid. Pyromellitic dianhydride is the preferred compound. The dianhydrides are employed in quantities from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, preferably 0.04 - 0.1%. The polycondensation treatment in the solid state is conducted at temperature generally comprised between 180° and 220°C for sufficient time to increase the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer to the desired value. The dianhydride is added to the PET or COPET in the melt state. It is convenient to dissolve it in ethylene glycol . It was found that, employing upgraded PET and COPET as above indicated, the heat treatment of the preforms can be carried out at temperatures notably inferior to those employed in the hitherto known processes . The heating temperatures of the preform blow mold are comprised between 80° and 130°C and are sufficient to confer to the containers the necessary dimensional stability. Operating under such heating conditions mold fouling phenomena do not occur. The duration of the treatment is of a few seconds, generally less than 10 seconds . The container thus obtained is cooled in air, after extraction from the mold. The preform enters the preheated mold at temperatures between 100° and 140°C. The stabilized containers obtained in this way are suitable for applications such as hot-filling. The following examples are provided to illustrate but not to limit the invention. Example 1 20 kg/h of PET (IV=0.57 dl/g) are fed continuously from the melt polycondensation section of a PET production pilot plant to a counter-rotating non-intermeshing twin screw extruder equipped with a degassing system. To the extruder are fed 40 g/h of a mixture of crystalline PET containing 20% in weight of PMDA, equal to a quantity of PMDA in the PET of 0.04% by weight. The test conditions were: screw speed = 500 rpm L/D ratio of the screw = 48 cylinder temperature = 282°C temperature of melt product = 298-302°C average residence time = 35-50 sec The product was extruded in the form of chips of diameter 5mm and 5mm length; the IV was 0.62 dl/g. The granules were then subjected to SSP in a continuous pilot plant operating as follows: chip flow = 50 kg/h average temp, of chips in reactor = 203°C weight ratio gas/chips in reactor = 1 : 1 final intrinsic viscosity = 0.828 dl/g Comparison Example 1 The polymer obtained according to Example 1 is transformed, after drying, into preforms using an injection molding machine B B 270 with the following procedure: mold with 16 cavities preform weight = 46.9 g cycle time = 21 sec screw temperature = 273°C feeding time = 10 sec injection time = 5 sec cooling water temperature = 3°C The preforms thus obtained are blown into bottle form using a Krupp Corpoplast blow molding machine . Conditions were the following: bottle production = 6.000 bottles/h temperature of heating elements = 100 °C blowing pressure = 35 bar bottle volume = 1.500 cm Example 2 Preforms obtained from the granules obtained according to Example 1 were blown in a machine having molds equipped with heating system. The temperature of the mold was 120°C, the duration of treatment 5 seconds, after which the preforms were cooled in air. The starting temperature of the preform in the mold was 100°C. No fouling of the molds was noted during the entire productive cycle. Example 3 The bottles of Example 2 and those of Comparison Example 1 were subjected to the following temperature conditions: 50°C 6 h 85°C 2 min 90°C 2 min 95°C 2 min 95°C 10 min The dimensional variations of the bottles are reported in Table 1. The tests at 85°, 90° and 95°C were carried out on bottles aged in water at 50 °C for 6 hours. TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 Bottle Bottle - 2 Bottle - 3 Treatment Betoie After 6 h Before After 2 min After 2 min Before After 2 mm After at 50°C at 85°C at 95°C at 90°C at 95°C net weight (g) 46 46 8 46 8 46 8 46 8 47 1 47 I 47 1 volume H 2 0 (cm ) 1572 3 1 155770099 1572 5 1571 7 1543 1574 2 1572 8 1550 2 neck diameter (mm) " "7 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 centre dιameter(mm)bO 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 bottom diametei 92 3 92 5 92 5 92 5 90 5 92 5 92 90 5 (mm) height (mm) 308 308 309 309 31 05 308 308 310 percentage variation after treatment -0 09 -0 05 -0 09 52 COMPARISON EXAMPLE Bottle - 1 Bottle - 2 Treatment Before After 2 m Before After 2 mm at 85°C at 85°C net weight (g) 47 1 47 1 47 47 volume H 2 0 (cm 3 ) 1574 8 1344 1574 1 1557 2 neck diameter (mm) 27 27 27 27 centu diameter (mm) 81 79 80 78 9 bottoir diametei (mm) 92 5 89 92 5 89 height (mm) 308 291 308 288 after trea t ment 0 -144

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Process for the dimensional stabilization of containers in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or its copolymers in which up to 15% by moles of units deriving from terephthalic acid are substituted by units deriving from isophthalic acid and/or naphthalene dicarboxylic acids (COPET) obtained by injection blow molding of preforms, consisting in subjecting to heat treatment in the mold used for blowing the preform, heated to temperature comprised between 80°C and 130°C, preforms obtained from PET or COPET upgraded in the solid state in the presence of percentages of a dianhydride of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid comprised between 0.01 and 0.2% by weight. 2. Process according to Claim 1 wherein the dianhydride is pyromellitic dianhydride employed in quantities from 0.04-0.01% by weight . 3. Containers stabilized against dimensional heat deformation, obtained from thermally treated preforms during the blowing phase and prepared from PET or COPET upgraded in the solid state in the presence of a dianhydride of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid in quantities from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight.

Inventors: AL GHATTA HUSSAIN, AL GHATTA, HUSSAIN
Applicants: AL GHATTA HUSSAIN, SINCO ENG SPA, AL GHATTA, HUSSAIN, SINCO ENGINEERING S.P.A.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: C08G63
IPC codes: B29C49, B29K67, B29L22, C08G63