DENTAL PROSTHESIS SYSTEM, COMPONENTS FOR DENTAL PROSTHESIS SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR SUCH A DENTAL PROSTHESIS SYSTEM

Abstract: The invention comprises a dental prosthesis system incorporating a superstructure (4, 5), a positioning device, and fixtures (1) that are implantable in a person's jawbone. Each fixture (1) is anchored in the jawbone and its opposite end is arranged so that it will be possible to attach a superstructure (4, 5) to it. By means of the positioning device, fixtures (1) are implanted at definite positions and in definite directions, usually parallel directions. The superstructure includes prefabricated elements with fastening devices (8, 9) that can be attached to fixtures (1). In accordance with the invention, reference device (1a) is designed to put the positioning device in place in such a way as to reliably provide the aforesaid definite positions and directions, therewith facilitating the use of prefabricated superstructures. Through its other aspects, the invention is related to significant components suitable for a dental prosthesis system of this type. Moreover, the invention comprises methods used in connection with the application of the dental prosthesis system.

Description: Dental prosthesis system, components for dental prosthesis system and methods for such a dental prosthesis system The present invention relates, in its first aspect, to a dental prosthesis system of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 1 Other aspects of the invention relate to a positioning device of the type set forth m the preamble to claim 21, to a dnll-guidmg insert of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 27, to a set of such drill-guiding inserts of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 30, to a fixture-guiding insert of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 31 , to a fixture-aligning device of the type set forth m the preamble to claim 32 and to a superstructure of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 34. All of these other aspects of the invention are related to components intended for use with a dental prosthesis system in accordance with the invention's first aspect The invention relates, in addition, to a method of attaching a superstructure to fixtures of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 39, to a method for aligning a drilling device for making fixture holes of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 40 and to a method for emplacmg a superstructure of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 45 It is known to implant fixtures in the jawbone of a toothless person To make certain the fixtures are anchored permanently, a number of factors must be fulfilled with regard to, among other things, mateπal selections and operation techniques In practice, fixtures developed by Professor Branemark made of pure titanium with a micro-pitted surface have displayed very good long-term anchoring properties. The screw-shaped fixtures are operated into the jawbone where they are allowed to heal in - osseointegrate - throughout a certain time peπod, usually a few months Teeth can thereafter be mounted in the fixtures. Most types of these implanted elements are provided with external threads - and are thus implanted screws - and they are attached by screwing them into holes made in the bone tissue The holes are usually pre-threaded, but it is also possible to screw in self-tapping screws Implanted elements normally require shorter or longer times for heahng-in before they should be exposed to significant loads On implanted elements, one can attach individual teeth, I e one tooth per element, but a number of implanted elements, at least two, can also serve as attachment points for a bridge structure containing several teeth or even a complete row of teeth For this purpose, a suitable design for the free end of an implanted element could comprise, for example, internal threads in a cylindrical bore in a tooth element that engage external threads on the cylindrical attachment part of a single-tooth prosthesis A simple bridge structure intended for attachment to at least two implanted elements is known through SE-448 599 (patent application No 8503580-6) The bridge structure incorporates an essentially rigid bπdge base which is attached directly to the titanium elements by means of screws and mounting devices for removable attachment of a row of teeth on the bπdge base The advantages of a rigid bπdge base include the fact that the row of teeth can be attached in a simple manner and that the bπdge base is easy to produce This known device is, however, disadvantageous because the spacer elements must be attached in the jawbone with precise parallelism and with their free ends in a pre-determined plane and spaced a pre-determtned distance apart so that it will be possible to mount the bridge base without strain, instead of requiπng individual adaptation in advance to the positions of the spacer element's free ends. If this degree of accuracy cannot be achieved, which is probably the normal case, it is necessary to individually adapt the bridge base to the spacer elements. This adaptation is facilitated, as set forth for example in Swedish published specification No. 446370, by a pillar-shaped spacer element that is mounted between each implanted element and the bridge structure. Both ends of the spacer element are conical ly tapered. The free end has a threaded bore so that it can be screwed into a mating hole in a dental prosthesis. Between the dental prosthesis and the conical ly-shaped free end part there is an arrangement consisting of a sleeve-shaped part having conical internal and external shell-surfaces. Even though this known device has a certain flexibility, the aforesaid specification calls for an impression of the pillar element positions, and possible necessary adjustment of the fit between the conical surfaces of the bridge and the sleeve- shaped parts before final mounting can take place. To some extent, these disadvantages are avoided by a device that affixes dental bridges in accordance with Swedish patent application No. 8800082-3 Here, the spacer elements have cone-shaped free ends, and the beaπng bπdge structure incorporates sleeves designed with conical bores that are used to mount the conical ends of the spacer elements, wherewith each sleeve has two lateral vanes The adjoining vanes on adjacent sleeves overlap each other, and they are joined by means of screws. However, the design/construction of this device is not optimal with regard to, among other things, hygiene, strength and mounting simplicity for a row of teeth. The mounting of dental bridges requires a great deal of work, and as a result the costs of reconstructing a complete upper or lower jaw are relatively high. Moreover, reconstruction is very time-consuming, even for the patient. It is therefor desirable to reduce, by means of user-friendly implanting and mounting solutions, the amount of time and work needed for full-jaw reconstructions - including reconstructions that only involve a significant contiguous part of a row of teeth. Through SE-501 174, a dental prosthesis system is known in which a dental bπdge is attached with fixtures via fitting agents arranged between each fixture and the dental bπdge's fastening devices. The fitting agents fit precisely the individual fixture's spacer elements and they also fit, but with a certain amount of clearance, the respective fastening devices on the dental bridge. The bridge can be affixed to the fitting agents by means of adhesive or hardemng layers applied in the clearances, and the fitting agents are removably attachable to the respective spacer elements. Through SE-500851 a dental prosthesis system is also known m which a bridge base is fastened to fixtures attached in a person's jawbone. The fixtures are attached in the jawbone in four holes that are drilled using a jig. The bridge base can be supplied as a prefabπcated element selected from an existing assortment of bridge bases. When using dental bridges that require little or no processing in order to be adapted to the fixtures implanted in a person's jawbone, a technique has thus been used which is based on introducing adjustment or adaptation provisions for the bridge's attachment and also a technique in which a drilling jig is used in an attempt to achieve the necessary precision. This latter alternative imposes stringent requirements regarding how such a drilling jig or other positioning device is applied and handled when holes for the fixture are being drilled. Against this background, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dental prosthesis system and components for such a dental prosthesis system that will permit the use of prefabricated superstructures with minimized risk of misfits, thereby minimizing the need for individual adaptation of the superstructure when it is attached to the patient. In accordance with the invention, this has been achieved through a dental prosthesis system of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 1 which displays the special properties set forth in the characterizing clause of this claim, through the use of a positioning device in accordance with the preamble to claim 21 , a drill-guiding insert in accordance with the preamble to claim 27, a fixture-guiding insert in accordance with the preamble to claim 31 , a fixture-aligning device in accordance with the preamble to claim 32 and a superstructure in accordance with the preamble to claim 39, all of which display the special properties set forth in the characterizing clauses of the respective claims, and through a set of drill-guiding inserts in accordance with claim 30. Moreover, this has been achieved by means of a method of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 39 which includes the special measures set forth in the characteπzing clause of this claim, through a method of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 40 which includes the special measures set forth in the characterizing clause of this claim, and through a method of the type set forth in the preamble to claim 45 which includes the special measures set forth in the characterizing clause of this claim. Thanks to the fact that the dental prosthesis system includes a reference device related to the patient's jawbone that is used as the positioning device, it is possible for the positioning device to position and orient very precisely the fixtures used for attachment. This makes it easier to match them, with minimized risk of error, to a superstructure having prefabricated fastening devices. Because of this, the need for subsequent adjustment of the prefabricated element will be eliminated or at least less than what has been required with the techniques used heretofore. This not only reduces the costs of anchoring a dental prosthesis but leads to reduced discomfort and trouble for the patient due to the fact that the necessary treatment time is relatively short. Through the invented system and its components it becomes possible to use a single-visit method to emplace the superstructure. One thus need not wait the 3-6 weeks normally required for the fixtures to osseointegrate in order to acquire, among other things, the torsional resistance needed to withstand a significant load. The superstructure can thus be emplaced earlier and it will, in fact, be possible to do this immediately after the fixtures are anchored. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reference device comprises the first of the prosthesis fixtures anchored in the jawbone. Since it is then used to guide the positioning device into place, optimal precision is ensured for the relative positioning and orientation of the other fixtures. In another preferred embodiment, the positioning device comprises a drilling jig. Using this, after it has been aligned by means of the reference device, holes for the fixtures can be made at well-defined positions so that the superstructure, which is subsequently attached very precisely to the fixtures, will have the prefabricated fastening elements positioned in such a way that they fit the anchored fixtures. The superstructure can be suitably arranged as a separate bar provided with fastening devices and with a dental prosthesis bridge that can be attached to the bar. In an alternate preferred embodiment of the invention, the fastening devices are arranged directly on the dental prosthesis bridge. In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, a deformation device is provided between the supporting surface on the fixture and a bearing surface on a corresponding attachment unit. If, in spite of the precision obtained, a certain alignment deviation and/or height deviation should occur for any of the fixtures, it can be absorbed by the deformation device. The aforesaid and other advantageous embodiments of the dental prosthesis system, positioning device and superstructure are set forth in the dependent claims. The invention is explained in greater detail in the detailed description that follows of the preferred embodiments of the invention, with reference to the attached drawings, where: Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the components of a dental prosthesis bridge in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 shows the components in Fig. 1 when assembled. Fig. 3 is a top view of a part shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a drilling jig with associated elements in accordance with the invention. Fig. 6 is an exploded view of components used when mounting a superstructure in accordance with the invention. Fig. 7 shows the components in Fig. 6 when assembled. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the components in Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 is a partially sectioned side view of a fixture in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the main components in a dental prosthesis system in accordance with the invention. These are shown most clearly by the exploded view in Fig. 1. A number of fixtures 1 - three are shown in the example - are anchored in bone tissue 7 (see Fig. 2) in a person's lower jawbone. Each fixture contains an anchoring part 3 and a spacer part 2 that is attached to the anchoring part by means of, for example, a threaded joint. A bar 4 has three through-holes whose positions match the exposed ends of each fixture 1 's spacer part 2 so that bar 4 can be fitted over these exposed ends. A screw 9 is passed through each hole 8 in bar 4 and screwed into place in a bore 40 in spacer part 2 to affix bar 4 to the three fixtures 1. On bar 4 there is a prosthesis bridge 5 that carries dental prostheses (not shown in Figs. 1 and 2). This prosthesis bridge 5 is attached by means of four retainer screws 6 each of which is passed through its own hole in the prosthesis bridge and screwed in place in its own internally threaded bore 12 in the top of bar 4. Fig. 2 shows how the dental bridge is anchored in jawbone 7 by means of the described elements. Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the bar 4 shown in Fig. 1 , and it shows the positions of the three holes 8 that are fitted onto the three fixtures. Fig 4 is a side view of the mounted dental prosthesis in Fig 2 with the dental prostheses shown on dental prosthesis bπdge 5 In the system shown, all components that are included in the superstructure, 1 e bar 4, dental prosthesis bridge 5 and the retainer screws, are made of prefabπcated elements Having the screws and the dental prosthesis bπdge supplied in this manner as standardized units does not pose a problem The mam difficulty is related to bar 4 which must be attached to a number of fixtures anchored in a unique person's jawbone To make this possible, the fixtures must be anchored in the jawbone with mutually related positions that match the corresponding positions of bores 8, which compπse the attachment holes in standardized bar 4 The fixtures must also have precise mutual parallelism To achieve this, as mentioned previously by way of introduction, it is known to dπll holes in jawbone 7 for fixtures using a dnlling jig However, with the dnlling jigs encountered in dental prosthesis technology, it is impossible at present to provide dπlled holes with sufficient precision to ensure that the fixtures anchored in them will exactly match a prefabricated bar having standardized positions for attachment holes 8 How dnlling jigs can achieve such precision in accordance with the invention is explained below Fig 5 illustrates the application of the dπllmg jig to a person ' s jawbone in a way that will ensure the desired precision As a first step, a hole is dnlled for a first fixture located at the centre, and it serves as a reference device for dnlling jig 20 Dπllingjig 20 is provided with a centre-located through hole 21 which serves to align dnlling jig 20 on centre- located fixture la By means of retainer screw 22, which is of the same type as retainer screws 9 that are used to screw bar 4 in place on the fixtures, dnlling jig 20 is now screwed firmly to reference fixture la, whereby drilling jig 20 assumes a well- defined position Dπllingjig 20 is secured in this position by means of support screws 24 which are arranged on each side of reference fixture la and which are screwed through holes in the dnlling jig into the person' jawbone Dnlling jig 20 has two through holes 23 at its outer ends These serve as guides for drilling the holes needed for the two other fixtures Here, a set of setting sleeves 25 (only one of which is shown in the figure) which serves as a set of dnll-guiding inserts is used, and each of these setting sleeves has two cyhndπcal projections 26 that slip very precisely into dnlling jig holes 23 when setting sleeve 25 is placed on the top of dnllmgjig 20 Each sleeve 25 has a pair of through holes 27 that are coaxial with the cyhndπcal projections and which guide the dnll-bits directly Holes dπlled in the jawbone are made m three stages First, a setting sleeve with a relatively small hole 27a that is about 2 mm in diameter is used Using this sleeve, a correspondingly fine dnll bit 28a is used to dπll into the jawbone Thereafter, dnlling jig 27 is replaced with a similar one, but having holes 27b of somewhat larger diameter, about 3 mm, and they are used for dnlling with a second dnll bit 28b of corresponding size In the third stage, a dπllingjig with holes 27c having a diameter of about 4 mm is used for final dnlling of the fixture holes in the jawbone, and a correspondingly large drill bit 28c is used for this The dπlled holes used for the two lateral fixtures are positioned very precisely thanks to dnlling jig 20's well-defined position on the patient's jawbone This was achieved by means of centre fixture la which serves as a reference and was the first fixture applied, by means of guide holes 23 which were positioned accurately with reference to centre fixture la and by means of the three setting sleeves 27. Moreover, holes 23 and the corresponding projections 26 and also holes 27a-c are long enough axial ly to ensure, together with the minimal clearance between holes 23 and projections 26 and also between holes 27a-c and drill bits 28a-c, that the three fixture holes in the jawbone will be parallel. When this is done, the two lateral fixtures are anchored in the holes thus made. This is illustrated in the exploded drawings in Figs 6 and 7 which show the fixtures after they have been anchored in the jawbone. The same drilling jig 20 that was used to make the holes is kept mounted and used to apply the fixtures. A fourth sleeve 30, which serves as a fixture-guiding insert with cylindrical projections 31 that correspond to holes 23 in the drilling jig, is fitted into drilling jig 23. The fixture-guiding sleeve has holes 32 passing through the projections and arranged in the same way as on the drill-guiding sleeves. Each hole 32 in the fixture-guiding sleeve has a diameter adapted to accept, with an exact fit, an aligning element 33. This aligning element has a through hole 34 for a fixture-mounting screw 38. At bottom, the aligning element is provided with a hexagonal recess 35 that is somewhat wider than the through hole, and a bore 36 that is shallower than the recess and somewhat wider yet. The width and length of recess 35 is adapted to a hexagonal neck 42 on the upper end of fixture 16's spacer part 2b and the second bore 36 has a diameter that corresponds to the external shell surface 41 on spacer part 26. Aligning element 33 us also provided witii a radial flange 37 arranged so that, when mounted, it will contact setting sleeve 30's top side so as to provide a reference in the vertical direction. Mounting screw 38, at its lower end, is provided with threads 39 that engage an internally threaded bore 40 in fixture 16's spacer element. During mounting, fixture 1 b's anchoring part 36 and spacer part 26 are joined to form a single unit by screwing threaded part 43 of spacer part 2b into a bore having a mating internal thread in fixture lb's anchoring part 3b. Moreover, mounting screw 38 is passed through hole 34 in aligning element 33 and screwed into bore 40 in the top side of spacer part 2b so that bores 35, 36 in the aligning element suπound the corresponding parts 42, 41 of spacer element 2b. Mounting screw 38 and aligning element 33 as well as fixture 16's spacer part 2b and anchoring part 3b are thus passed as a single unit through hole 32 in sleeve 30, wherewith aligning element 33 's external shell surface 45 fits hole 32 in sleeve 30 and is guided by it. Thereafter, mounting screw 38 is tightened. Since it is already tightened all the way to the bottom of spacer part 2b's bore 40 and since spacer part 2b is screwed all the way into anchoring part 3b, the tightening of mounting screw 38 causes fixture lb to be screwed into the hole drilled in the jawbone. Fixture 1 b's lower end is thus, in a known manner, designed to be self-tapping, and it is screwed down and anchored in the drilled hole. Screwing-in continues until aligning element 33's flange 37 comes into contact with sleeve 30's top side 47 which defines the correct screwing-in depth. This is shown most plainly in Fig. 7. Fig 8 presents a perspective view of fixture mounting When the lateral fixtures have also been anchored in this manner, all elements used for mounting are removed, 1 e. mounting screw 38, aligning element 33, sleeve 30, dnlling jig 20 and support screws 24. Immediately thereafter, bar 4 shown in Figs. 1-4 can be screwed firmly in place on the fixtures m the way set forth in the descriptions of these figures. After a healmg-in time of about eight days, the dental bπdge can be attached to the bar. Dunng the waiting penod, it may be advisable to attach a soft bar to bar 4 to protect it from chafing In spite of the accurate positioning of fixtures so that they will acquire positions and directions compatible with the fastening devices on the bπdge base, there may be πsk for some remaining inadequacy, particularly with regard to the mutual alignment directions of the fixtures. It is difficult to achieve complete mutual parallelism among the fixtures. This problem is descnbed in greater detail in Swedish patent application No. 9602555-6, entitled "Fixtures, prosthesis anchoring arrangement and prosthesis", which is herewith referred to. To solve the problem caused by misalignment between a fixture's supporting surface and the corresponding beaπng surface on the superstructure, a deformation device has been provided on the supporting surface of the fixture One embodiment of this is illustrated in Fig 9 which shows fixture 101 with its anchoπng end anchored in a person's lower jawbone 102 At the upper end of fixture 101, its attachment compπses a bar 103 arranged so that it can carry a dental prosthesis bndge (not shown) that is attached to it Fixture 10 l 's anchonng part 107 is designed in the conventional way with a threaded part 104 which, at its end, has a conic part 105 provided with slots 106 Anchonng part 107, which is made of titanium, is screwed self-tappingly into a pre- dnlled hole in jawbone 102 The upper end of the fixture, which is its fastening end, compπses a spacer part 108 that can be integrated with anchonng part 107 to form a single piece or can be, as is more common, a separate unit that is screwed into a bore provided with internal threads (not shown in Fig 9) in anchonng part 107. The fastening end is provided with an attachment unit that engages another fastening unit adapted to it on bar 103, whereupon the two are fastened together The fastening end's attachment unit contains a supporting surface 109 which is arranged perpendicularly to the fixture's longitudinal axis A Said attachment unit also contains an axially aligned projection 110 that extends out from supporting surface 109, said projection having a hexagonal outer profile, and an internally-threaded bore 112 in the fixture. Bore 112 is axially aligned relative to the top of the projection. Bar 103's corresponding attachment unit mcludes a section of its bottom surface that compπses beaπng surface 113, a through-going bore 114, a cylmdncal countersink 115 at the upper end of the bore, a hexagonal countersink 116 at the lower end of the bore and a retainer screw 117 Bar 103 defines a direction that is dependent on the direction of a first (not shown) fixture An effort is made to see that this direction's normal alignment B will correspond to the shown direction of fixture 101 Such is not the case in the figure Instead, there is a deviation of α° between them A corresponding angular deviation also occurs between supporting surface 109 and bearing surface 113 The fixture's beaπng surface 109 is provided with a deformation device in the form of a flange 1 18 that is arranged at the periphery of beaπng surface 109 and extends axially out from it. The flange is relatively thin, about 0.05 mm, and has a height of about 0.15 mm When fixture 101 is pulled firmly onto bar 103 by tightening screw 117, the part of the fixture's supporting surface that consists of the flange will come into direct contact with bar 103's beanng surface 113. Since the surfaces are not parallel, the imtial contact is made at a single point on flange 118. Continued tightening of the screw deforms flange 1 18 plastically at this location, and when the screw is further tightened the deformation extends throughout more and more of flange 118. At the left side of the figure, flange 119 is shown deformed in this manner. The deformed flange will therewith acquire an end surface that is parallel with bar 103's beaπng surface 113 and contact it throughout it entire extent. As a result, angular deviation α has been compensated for in such a way that there is good contact between fixture 101 and bar 103, and so that no strains develop in jawbone 102 Instead of the flange, a plastically deformable πng- shaped washer can be put on the fixture's supporting surface.

Claims: CLAMS 1. A dental prosthesis system containing a superstructure (4, 5) provided with a first fastening device (8, 9), a positioning device (20, 25) and a number of fixtures (1 ) that can be implanted in a person's jawbone (7) where each fixture ( 1 ) has an anchorage end (3) arranged for anchoring in a jawbone (7) and a fastening end (2) compatible with the fastening end of said superstructure (4, 5) at fixture 1, and where each fixture (1) contains at least one part that is substantially rotation-symmetrical and defines the centre axis of fixture ( 1 ), wherewith said positioning device (20, 25, 30) is arranged to impart to said fixtures (1 ) pre-determined mutual positions and impart to the centre axes of said fixtures ( 1 ) pre-determined directions relative to each other, and wherewith said superstructure (4, 5) includes prefabricated elements that incorporate said first fastening device (8, 9) which is adapted for attachment to fixtures ( 1 ) at said pre-determined mutual positions and in said mutual centre-axis directions characterized in that the system also contains a reference device (la) used for fitting said positioning device (20, 25, 30) in such a way that said reference device (la) defines a definite position relative to the person's jawbone (7). 2. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with claim 1, for which said reference device consists of a reference element ( la) attached to a person's jawbone. 3. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with claim 1 or 2, for which said reference device consists of the first fixture ( la) that is implanted in a person's jawbone. 4. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-3, for which said positioning device (20, 25, 30) includes a drilling rig (20) 5. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with claim 4, for which said positioning device (20, 25, 30) contains at least one drill-guiding insert (25) that can be fitted into drilling jig (20). 6 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with either claim 4 or 5, for which said positioning device (20, 25, 30) contains a fixture-guiding insert (30) that can be fitted into drilling jig (20). 7 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with claim 6, for which positioning device (20, 25, 30) also contains a fixture-aligning device (33) arranged so that with regard to direction and depth it is guided by said fixture-guiding insert (30). 8. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-7, for which said directions are parallel. 9. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-8, for which one of the said directions defines an x-y plane perpendicular to said direction and for which said pre-determined mutual positions are pre-determined in said x-y plane. 10. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1 -9, for which there are three fixtures ( 1 ). 1 1. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-10, for which said superstructure (4, 5)'s first fastening device (8, 9) contains holes (8) whose positions and directions correspond to said fixtures ( 1 )'s positions and directions. 12. Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-1 1, for which said superstructure (4, 5) contains a said first fastening device equipped with bar (4) and a dental prosthesis bπdge (5) that has a second fastening device (6, 1 1 ) for fastening said bridge (5) to said bar (4) 13 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1 - 12, for which said superstructure contains a dental prosthesis bπdge provided with said first attachment device 14 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1 - 13 , for which said fixtures (1 ) are, at least in part, made of a mateπal contaimng titanium 15 Dental prosthesis system m accordance with any of claims 1-14, for which said fixtures contain parts having a surface texture contaimng micro-porosities on the order of magnitude of 10-1000 nm, preferably 10-300 nm, thereby enhancing osseintegration with bone tissue in the jawbone. 16 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-15, for which at least one of said fixtures (101, Fig 9) contains a supporting surface (109) and said first fastening device contains a beaπng surface (113) compatible with each supporting surface (109) where said beaπng surface (1 13) is arranged so that said beaπng surface will be supported against the corresponding supporting surface (109) after attachment 17 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with claim 16, contaimng a plastic deformation device (119) arranged so that when it is attached it will be located between said bearing surface (1 13) and said corresponding supporting surface ( 109) for at least one of said fixtures (101) 18 Dental prosthesis system m accordance with claim 17, for which said deformation device contains a cylmdncal flange (119) projecting out from at least one of said beaπng surfaces and said supporting surfaces ( 109) 19 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with claim 17, for which said deformation device contains a plastic, separate body 20 Dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 17-19, for which said deformation device is deformable in the centre-axis-defined axial direction of the associated fixture 21 Positioning device (20, 25) that can be used with a dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-20 to implant the fastening ends (2) of a number of implantable fixtures (1 ) in a person's jawbone at pre-determined mutual positions and impart pre-determined directions relative to each other to the centre axes of said fixtures ( 1 ) characterized in that positioning device (20, 25) contains a dnlling jig (20) provided with an aligmng device (21) arranged so that through engagement with a reference device ( la) implanted in a person's jawbone it will align dnlling jig (20) to a pre-determined position, where said dπllingjig (20) is provided with guiding devices (23, 25, 26, 27) for guiding dπll bits (28) to make anchorage holes in a person' s jawbone 22 Positioning device (20, 25) in accordance with claim 21 , for which said reference device compπses the fist fixture (la) implanted tn a person's jawbone 23 Positioning device (20, 25) in accordance with claim 21 or 22 , for which said guiding device (23, 25, 26, 27) contains at least one guide hole (23) in said dnlling jig 24 Positioning device (20, 25) in accordance with claim 21 containing a number of said guide holes (23) that are parallel 25 Positioning device (20, 25) in accordance with either of claims 23-24, for which said guiding device (23, 25, 26, 27) contains a set of guiding inserts (25), each of which is provided with a projection (26) that will fit in said guide hole (23) and also with a drill- bit pass-through hole (27), wherewith each drill-bit pass-through hole (27) is located within the area inside the limiting surface of guide hole (23) at the place where projection (26) fits into the respective said guide hole (23). 26. Positioning device in accordance with claim 25, for which the drill-bit pass- through holes (27) in each guiding insert (25) have a diameter (27a) that differs from the corresponding diameters (27b, 27c) of the other guiding inserts. 27. Drill-guiding insert (25) for a drill jig (20) intended for use with a dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-20 and intended for drilling a fixture hole in a person's jawbone characterized in that drill-guiding insert (25) contains fitting device (26) used to fit the drill-guiding insert (25) to a definite position relative to drilling jig (20) and in that it contains drill-bit pass-through holes (27). 28. Drill-guiding insert (25) in accordance with claim 27, for which said fitting device (26) contains at least two cylindrical projections (26). 29. Drill-guiding insert (25) in accordance with claim 28, for which said drill-bit pass-through hole (27) is arranged in each of said cylindrical projections (26). 30. Set of drill-guiding inserts (25) where each drill-guiding insert is designed/constructed in accordance with any of claims 27-29, for which each drill- guiding insert (25) has a drill-bit pass-through hole (27) having a diameter (27a) which deviates from the corresponding diameters (27b, 27c) of the other drill-guiding inserts (25) included in the set. 31. Fixture-guiding insert (30) for use with a dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-20, intended for implanting fixtures (1) in drilled holes in a person's jawbone, characterized in that fixture-guiding insert (30) contains fitting device (31) used to fit fixture-guiding insert (30) at a definite position relative to a jig (20) and in that it contains fixture pass-through holes (32). 32. Fixture-aligning device (33) intended for use with a dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-20 and characterized in that it contains fixture holder device (36, 37), tool pass-through device (34), alignment determining device (45) arranged so that it is guided by a first guiding surface (32) positioned by a jig (20), and depth determining device (37) arranged so that it is guided by a second guiding surface (47) that is also positioned by jig (20). 33. Fixture-aligning device (33) in accordance with claim 32, for which said alignment determining device contains a cylindrical outer surface (45), arranged to be guided by a first guiding surface with a cylindrical inner surface (32) and for which said depth determining device includes a flat impact surface (48) on a flange (37) on fixture- aligning device (33), arranged so that it is brought into contact with a second guiding surface shaped as a flat surface (47), wherewith said flat impact surface (48) is perpendicular to said cylindrical outer surface (33). 34. Superstructure (4, 5) for dental prostheses intended for use with a dental prosthesis system in accordance with any of claims 1-20, where said superstructure (4, 5) contains prefabricated elements that contain a first fastening device (8, 9) of standardized design, characterized in that said first fastening device (8, 9) contains a number of attachment elements (8) with pre-determined positions, determined by the way said positioning device (20, 25) fits said reference device (la). 35. Superstructure (4, 5) in accordance with claim 34, for which each attachment element (8) corresponds to a hole (8) in the superstructure, where each hole (8) defines a direction and for which the said directions are mutually pre-determined. 36. Superstructure (4, 5) in accordance with claim 35, for which said directions are parallel. 37. Superstructure (4, 5) in accordance with any of claims 34-36 which includes a said first fastening device (8) provided with bar (4) and a dental prosthesis bridge (5) that has other attachment devices (6, 1 1) for attaching said bridge (5) to said bar (4). 38. Superstructure (4, 5) in accordance with any of claims 34-36 which includes a dental prosthesis bridge provided with said first fastening device. 39. Method for attaching a superstructure provided with fastening devices that attach to fixtures anchored in a person's jawbone, where said superstructure is used to bring said fixtures to pre-determined positions and directions relative to each other by means of a positioning device, characterized in that said positioning device is fitted in place using a reference device that defines a definite position relative to the person's jawbone and in that said superstructure is supplied as a prefabricated element with prefabricated attachment units that have pre-determined positions relative to the positioning device. 40. Method for aligning a drilling device to make fixture holes in a person's jawbone whereby alignment is accomplished using a drilling jig, characterized in that the drilling ig is positioned using a reference device that defines a definite position for the drilling jig relative to the person's jawbone. 41. Method in accordance with claim 40, in which the first fixture implanted in a person's jawbone is used as said reference device. 42. Method in accordance with claim 40 or 41, in which a drill-guiding insert containing drill-bit pass-through holes is placed on said drilling jig at a position unambiguously defined by the drilling jig. 43. Method in accordance with claim 42, in which a number of drill-guiding inserts with drill-bit pass-through holes are, successively and one at a time, placed on the drilling jig and where drill-guiding inserts having drill-bit pass-through holes of mutually different diameters are used therewith. 44. Method in accordance with any of claims 40-43, in which said drilling jig is also used as a jig for aligning fixtures by, as a final step, emplacing a fixture-guiding insert for the jig. 45. Method for emplacing a prefabricated superstructure on fixtures anchored in a person's jawbone, characterized in that emplacement comprises a single-visit procedure, meaning that said superstructure can be mounted on fixtures that are not yet anchored with the necessary torsional resistance. 46. Method in accordance with claim 45, in which said superstructure is emplaced within six weeks, preferably within two weeks after the fixtures are anchored. 47. Method in accordance with claim 46, in which said superstructure is emplaced immediately after the fixtures are anchored. 48. Method in accordance with any of claims 45-47, in which said superstructure comprises a stabilizing bar that is emplaced temporarily, a bar provided with fastening devices for a dental prosthesis bridge that is emplaced permanently, or a dental prosthesis bridge that is emplaced permanently.

Inventors: BRAANEMARK PER-INGVAR, BRAANEMARK, PER-INGVAR
Applicants: BRAANEMARK PER INGVAR, MEDEVELOP AB, BRAANEMARK, PER-INGVAR
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A61C8
IPC codes: A61C1, A61C8