BUMPER, AND THE FABRICATION THEREOF

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structural beam or bumper, especially for a vehicle, comprising an elongated profile which upon collision is adapted for absorbing collision energy and forces, the bumper being prepared from a complete and hollow blank and being further provided with different cross sections along its more or less arched extension, and for the purpose of providing a structural beam or bumper bar which renders possibilities for rational and structural sturdy attachment to the frame of the vehicle, it is suggested that the bumper (1), has a substantially unchanged basic cross section (2) at each side of the centre (V-V), an outwardly pressed cross section (3) at the centre (V-V) in relation to said basic cross section (2), as well as a compressed or folded cross section (4) at the areas of each terminal portion.

Description: BUMPER, AND THE FABRICATION THEREOF Field of the invention The present invention relates to a structural beam, or bumper, especially for a vehicle, comprising an elongated profile which upon collision is adapted for absorbing collision energy and forces, the bumper being prepared from a complete and hollow blank and being further pro- vided with different cross sections along its more or less arched extension. The invention also relates to a method for fabrication of such a structural beam or bumper. Prior art From EP 0 602 138 B1 (Norsk Hydro/Clausen) there is known a structural beam, especially for use in a vehicle frame, said structural beam being constituted by an integrated unitary extruded forming piece having a closed cross section and along its extension defining a hollow space having variable cross section surfaces. Background of the invention The motive of the present invention is the task of pro¬ viding a bumper which combines the protection of a vehicle and persons in the vehicle upon collision. Further, the invention has for its objective to provide a bumper which excels in high torsional stiffness, combined with great bending softness. A further objective of the present invention is to pro¬ vide a bumper rendering the possibility for rational and structural sturdy attachment to the frame of the vehicle. An object of the present invention is also to provide an elastic and relatively slender structural beam or bumper which in relation to previously known profile based, closed bumpers, may absorb more elastic bending energy in relation to quantity of used material. Further, the invention relates to a method which renders a rational production of bumpers of said type, the method at the same time being specifically favourable for high rate forming in a production line. Brief disclosure of the invention These and other objects are achieved in a bumper of the type as stated in the preamble, which according to the preamble is characterized in that said structural beam or bumper has a substantially unchanged cross section on each side of the centre, an outwardly pressed cross sec¬ tion at the centre in relation to the basic cross sec- tion, as well as a compressed or folded cross section at the areas of each of the terminal portions. Consequently, by starting with a basic cross section which is so to say kept unchanged on each side of the centre, at the same time as the centre portion is pro¬ cessed to an outwardly pressed cross section at the centre, and at the same time as the terminal portions are processed to a compressed or folded cross section, there is achieved a particularly favourable varying cross sec- tion rendering a specifically favourable resilient effect upon collision at velocities up to 4 km/h. Also at velo¬ cities above 4 km/h the structural beam in the form of a bumper devises good collision qualities, since the over¬ all profile can absorb more energy even at a lower weight, compared to corresponding bumper rails. Additionally, there is secured very favourable torsional stiffness, by maintaining the hollow chamber profile and by processing the bumper blank as a single item. A specific embodiment of such a bumper may involve that the cross section at each side of the centre comprises an outer wall portion, an arched inner wall portion, as well as yoke portions extending substantially perpendicularly from said outer wall portion that said cross section at the centre has a substantially trapeze shaped cross sec- tion comprising an outer wall portion having substantial¬ ly the same hight as said intermediate cross section and an inner wall portion of lesser hight, as well as sub¬ stantially slanted yoke portions therebetween, and that said cross section at the terminal portions has an outer wall portion having substantially the same hight as said intermediate cross section and an inner wall portion having larger, equal or less hight and having intermedi¬ ate, arched or wavy yoke portions. The trapeze shaped cross section at the centre can then by simple processing of the original yoke portions and the arched surfaces of the inner wall be given a prede¬ termined shape, at the same time as said basic cross section at each side of the centre will allow for easier manipulation of the shape of the product. Further, with said basic cross section on each side of the centre it is possible to undertake a controlled compression for fold¬ ing of the areas at each of the terminal portions, so that the latter constitute the more slender part of the bumper. Further, it is appropriate that this type of bumper com¬ prises a closed cross section having a front wall por¬ tion, a rear wall portion and intermediate yoke portions, said front and rear portions having a relatively large wall thickness compared to the wall thickness of the intermediate yoke portions. Further, it is to be understood that the front wall por¬ tion can be substantially straight, or be provided with a more or less contoured shape. Further appropriately, the terminal portions may be so prepared that they merge into attachment portions which are provided with individual parallel surfaces against associated side beam for attachment thereto. Further, it is to be understood that the bumper may be prepared substantially symmetrically about a central plane extending in the longitudinal direction of the car, and be provided with an outer mantle of plastic material. A method for manufacturing a structural beam or bumper of the type as stated in the preamble will involve starting off with an extruded profile having a given basic cross section and by the further processing of this profiled blank letting the latter basic cross section be maintain- ed on each side of the centre, whereas in the area of the centre letting the basic cross section be processed to a more or less protruding cross section, at the same time as letting the profile at the terminal portions be pro¬ cessed to a more compressed or folded cross section. More specifically the method is to the fact that one starts off with a cross section which at each side of the centre has an intermediate cross section comprising an outer wall portion, an arched inner wall portion, as well as yoke portions extending substantially perpendicularly from the outer wall portion, that the cross section at the centre is processed by substantially outwardly press¬ ing of the yoke portion for the provision of a substanti¬ ally trapeze shaped cross section comprising an outer wall portion having substantially the same hight as the intermediate cross section and an inner wall portion of smaller hight, as well as substantially inclined yoke portions therebetween, and that at the terminal portions the intermediate cross section is processed to an outer wall portion having substantially the same hight as said intermediate cross section and an inner wall portion having larger, equal or less hight, the intermediate yoke being processed to bulge or bend outwardly in relation to said outer wall portion. It is further appropriate that the extruded blank to be used, which has a closed cross section and a front wall portion and a rear wall portion, as well as intermediate yoke portions, also has front and rear wall portions having a relatively larger wall thickness of said inter¬ mediate yoke portions. The front wall portion may be substantially straight, or have a more or less contoured form. Appropriately, said terminal portions may be further processed or simultaneously processed to comprise attach- ment portions which are provided with a net parallel surface related to appropriate side beams of the vehicle. Further appropriately, the method is to the fact of manu¬ facturing a bumper profile which is substantially symmet- rical about a centre plane extending in the longitudinal direction of the car, at the same time as the finished bumper will be provided with an outer mantle of plastic material. A further feature according to the method according to the invention is to the fact that the bumper is manufac¬ tured by outer processing, said outer processing taking place by means of mechanical tools. Alternatively, hydroforming can be used. Further advantages and specific features of the present invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the attached drawings, as well as from the appended patent claims. Brief disclosure of the drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic view as seen from above of a sym¬ metrical half of a structural beam, especially a bumper beam according to the invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the bumper rail half according to Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a cut-out of the terminal portion of the bumper rail illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 are cross sections taken along the lines IV-IV, V-V, VI-VI as well as VII-VII, respectively, according to Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a bumper rail having a specifically formed terminal portion for net parallel attachment, Figures 8A, 8B and 8C defining the various cross section forms along said bumper rail, Figures 8AX, 8AY and 8AZ defining various forms of the outer wall portion. Fig. 9 is a perspective cut-out of a terminal portion of a bumper rail provided with attachment portions for non- net parallel attachment. Figures 10-12 illustrate examples of calculation models for an embodiment of a structural beam according to the invention, said model being compiled according to the "finite element" method. Detailed description of embodiments In Figures 1-7 there is illustrated an example of a structural beam, especially a bumper beam according to the invention, Fig. 1 illustrating schematically a view as seen from above of a symmetric half of said rail 1 , whereas Fig. 2 illustrates a side view of the same rail, and Fig. 3 illustrates perspectively details of the ter¬ minal portion of the bumper rail 1 illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent cross sections taken along the lines IV-IV, V-V, VI-VI, as well as VII-VII, respectively, illustrated in Fig. 1. The bumper rail 1 is in Figures 1-7 illustrated in its finished processed form, and is as such adapted for ab¬ sorbing collision energy and forces when used in a car, it being preferably as a bumper, but also as a supporting beam in the overall structure of the car. The bumper 1 is made from a complete and hollow extruded blank which is manufactured from an extrudable material, for example aluminum, or any other materials or mixtures having corresponding extrudable and strength-related properties. The blank has in its initial form a basic cross section 2 of the type which is specifically illus¬ trated in Fig. 4, and which comprises an outer wall por¬ tion 2a of substantially straight design and having a hight H, an arched inner portion 2b as well as yoke por¬ tions 2c extending substantially perpendicularly from the outer wall portion 2a. This basic cross section 2 is on both sides of the centre, see IV-IV in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, according to the present invention maintained so to say unchanged, whereas at the centre portion itself, see V-V in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, the basic cross section has been given an outwardly pressed cross section 3, whereas in the areas of each of the terminal portions, here at sec¬ tion VI-VI in Fig. 1, see also Fig. 6, the basic cross section 2 has been compressed or folded to a further cross section 4, which is different from the basic cross section. In other words, the bumper rail 1 is manufactured on the basis of a basic cross section on each side of the centre, and an outwardly pressed cross section at the centre in relation to said basic cross section, as well as a compressed or folded cross section in the areas of each of the terminal portions. It is to be understood that the transition between the basic cross section 2 and the centre cross section 3 and said terminal cross sections 4, respectively, is gradual and smooth, and can, of course, be varied within large ranges. Further, it is to be understood that the outer wall por¬ tion can deviate from the wall portion 2a as illustrated here, namely by being substantially straight, or be designed with a more or less contoured shape. In the embodiment which is specifically illustrated in Figures 1-7, the cross section 3 at the centre, see spe¬ cifically Fig. 5, is pressed out to a substantially tra¬ peze shaped cross section 3, comprising a straight inner wall portion 3a having substantially the same hight H as said inner wall portion 2b of said intermediate cross section 2, and having an inner wall portion 3b of lesser hight, at the same time as there are provided substan¬ tially inclined yoke portions 3c between said straight inner wall portion 3a and said outer wall portion 3b. The cross section 4 at the terminal portions, see speci¬ fically Fig. 6, is in this embodiment compressed or folded to comprise a straight outer wall portion 4a hav¬ ing substantially the same hight H as the outer wall portion 2a for said intermediate cross section 2, see Fig. 4, as well as an inner wall portion 4b which is here folded out to a larger hight H1 than said outer wall portion 4a, and then with intermediate arched or wavy yoke portions 4c. It is to be understood that the cross section 4 at the terminal portions, see Fig. 6, can have an inner wall portion which can be equal or less than said hight cor¬ responding to the hight H for said intermediate cross section 2, all in dependence of the desired final form which the bumper or the power beam according to the pre- sent invention is to be given. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1-7 the starting point is a cross section 2, see Fig. 4, which constitutes a closed cross section, the front wall portion 2a and the rear wall portion 2b being provided with or comprising portions having a larger wall thickness than the wall thickness of the intermediate yoke portions 2c. As stated in the preamble it is possible by having as a starting point a basic cross section which so to say is kept unchanged on each side of the centre, at the same time as the centre portion is processed to an outwardly pressed cross section at the centre and a compressed or folded cross section at the side portions or terminal portions, to achieve a specifically favourable varying cross section, which renders a specifically favourable resilient effect upon collision at velocities up to 4 km/h, and at velocities above 4 km/h will devise favour¬ able collision qualities. The overall profile will be able to absorb more energy even at lower weight, compared with corresponding bumper rails, for example profile based, closed bumpers. Additionally, there is, by this form of profile rail, secured a very favourable torsional stiffness, since the hollow chamber profile is maintained and the bumper blank can be processed on the basis one continuous working blank. It is to be understood that the profile or bumper rail 1 can be maid substantially symmetrical about a centre plane running in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and beyond this be provided with an outer mantle of plastic material. If the structural beam according to the invention is to be used as a structure element in the vehicle as such, this symmetrical design can appropriately be alleviated. Appropriately, said terminal portions may merge into attachment portions, as this is specifically illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, said attachment portions being pro- vided with a net parallel surface against side beams of the vehicle. Fig. 8 with its sections 8A-8C illustrates a specific design of the terminal portions for net parallel attach- ment, and the sections illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B and 8C are designed substantially in accordance with the sections as discussed in connection with Figures 4, 5 and 6. However, in Fig. 8C there are illustrated alternative a and alternative b for various bendings of the processed section 5 at the terminal portions. Further, there is in Fig. 8AX illustrated a variant of the basic cross section comprising an outer portion which deviates from being straight, but which rather has an outwardly bulging contour, whereas Fig. 8AY illustrates an asymmetrical outer portion, and Fig. 8AZ illustrates a substantially mirror symmetrical section having an in- wardly bulging contour. In Fig. 9 there is illustrates a perspective view of a terminal portion of a bumper rail provided with attach- ment portions for non-net parallel attachment. It is to be understood that the processing of the blank can take place by a first stretching to the basic shape, especially a modestly arched shape in the longitudinal direction of the blank, whereafter the profile is simul¬ taneously processed at the centre portion and the ter¬ minal portions, but with the opposite processing direc¬ tion for said portions. Alternatively, said processing may be to the fact that the blank is processed by means of hydroforming. In Figures 10-12 there is illustrated examples of calcul¬ ated models of an embodiment of a structural beam accord- ing to the invention. Figures 10 and 11 illustrate vari¬ ous perspective views of the model which is compiled according to the "finite element" method. Fig. 12 illus¬ trates the stress distribution in load case "barrier", and then more specifically equivalent stresses at "fringe" levels.

Claims: P a t e n t c l a i m s 1. Structural beam or bumper, especially for a vehicle, comprising an elongated profile which upon collision is adapted for absorbing collision energy and forces, the bumper being prepared from a complete and hollow blank and being further provided with different cross sections along its more or less arched extension, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said bumper, as known per se, has a compressed or folded cross section (4) at the areas of each of the terminal portions, and that the bumper in addition has a substantially unchanged basic cross section (2) at each side of its centre (V-V), and at its centre (V-V) is provided with an outwardly pressed cross section (3) relative to said basic cross section (2). 2. Bumper as claimed in claim 1 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the cross section (2, Fig. 4) at each side of the centre (V-V) comprises an outer wall portion (2a), an arched inner wall portion (2b), as well as yoke portions (2c) extending substanti¬ ally perpendicularly from said outer wall portion (2a), that said cross section (3) at the centre (Fig. 5) has a substantially trapeze shaped cross section comprising an outer wall portion (3a) having substantially the same hight (H) as said intermediate cross section (2) and an inner wall portion (3b) of lesser hight, as well as sub¬ stantially slanted yoke portions (3c) therebetween, and that said cross section (4) at the terminal portions (6) has an outer wall portion (4a) having substantially the same hight (H) as said intermediate cross section (2, Fig. 4) and an inner wall portion (4b) having larger, equal or less hight (H1 ) and having intermediate, arched or wavy yoke portions (4c). 3. Bumper as claimed in claim 1 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it comprises a closed cross section (2) wherein the front and rear wall portion (2a, 2b) has a relatively larger wall thickness than the wall thickness of said intermediate yoke por¬ tions (2c) . 4. Bumper as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that said terminal por¬ tions merge into attachment portions (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) which are designed with a net parallel surface against side beam. 5. Bumper as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the profile is provided substantially symmetrical about a centre plane running in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and being provided with an outer mantle of plastic material. 6. Method for fabrication of a structural beam or bump- er, especially for a vehicle, comprising an elongated profile which upon collision is adapted for absorbing collision energy and forces, the bumper being prepared from a complete and hollow blank and being further pro¬ vided with different cross sections along its more or less arched extension, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the blank in the areas of each of the terminal portions, as known per se, is processed to a compressed or folded cross section (4, Fig. 6), whereas the blank is processed with a substanti- ally unchanged basic cross section (2) at each side of the centre (Fig. 4), whereas said blank at the centre portion (V-V) is processed to an outwardly pressed cross section (3, Fig. 5). 7. Method as claimed in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that there is used a blank which on each side of the centre (V-V) has an outer wall portion (2a), an arched inner wall portion (2b) as well as yoke portions (2c) extending substantially per¬ pendicularly from the outer wall portion (2, Fig. 4), that the cross section at the centre portion (3, Fig. 5) is processed to a substantially trapeze shaped cross section comprising an outer wall portion (3a) having substantially the same hight (H) as the basic cross sec¬ tion (2) and an inner wall portion (3b) of less hight, as well as substantially inclined yoke portions (3c) there- between, and that said terminal portions are processed to a cross section profile (4) comprising an outer wall portion (4a) having substantially the same hight (H) as said basic cross section and an inner wall portion (4b) having a larger, equal or less hight (Hi ) and having intermediate, arched or wavy yoke portions (4c, Fig. 6). 8. Method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that as a blank there is used an extruded profile (2) having a closed cross sec- tion, said front and rear wall portion (2a, 2b) having a relatively larger wall thickness than the wall thickness of the intermediate yoke portions (2c, Fig. 4). 9. Method as claimed in any of the claims 6-8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the blank of the end portions is processed to attachment portions which are provided with a net parallel surface for attachment to a side beam in the vehicle. 10. Method as claimed in any of the claims 6-9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the blank is pro¬ cessed to a profile which is substantially symmetrical about a centre plane running in the longitudinal direc¬ tion of the vehicle and being provided with an outer mantle of plastic material. 11. Method as claimed in any of the claims 6-10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the blank is pro¬ cessed by an outer processing, for example by means of mechanical tools. 12. Method as claimed in any of the claims 6-11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the processing of the blank takes place in a first stretching or pressing to a main shape, especially a vaguely arched shape in the longitudinal direction of the blank, whereafter the pro- file at the same time or in a subsequent processing ope¬ ration is processed at the centre portion and the termi¬ nal portions, but in opposite processing operation of said portions. 13. Method as claimed in any of the claims 6-10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the blank is pro¬ cessed by means of hydroforming.

Inventors: PEDERSEN ROALD H, PEDERSEN, ROALD, H.
Applicants: HYDRO RAUFOSS AUTOMOTIVE A S, PEDERSEN ROALD H, HYDRO RAUFOSS AUTOMOTIVE A/S, PEDERSEN, ROALD, H.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: B60R19
IPC codes: B60R19