Variable flow pump

Abstract: A variable flow pump incorporating a flexible cam ring 6. The variability of the discharge flow rate of the pump is controlled by varying the shape of the cam ring. The shape of the cam ring may be controlled by the pressure of fluid contained in high pressure regions 14 located between the cam ring 6 and an outer ring 7 which supports the cam ring 6. The pressure within regions 14 is preferably linked to the pressure of the outlet port of the pump such that the pump can be self-compensating (i.e. a high pressure at the outlet corresponding to a low discharge flow rate).

Description: The present invention relates to a pump for pumping fluids and particularly to a pump whose fluid delivery rate may be varied according to the discharge pressure. In a known pump assembly a number of pumping elements such as rollers or pistons are spaced around a central rotating shaft and mounted in a carrier. A cam ring around the carrier and the pumping elements has an internal surface having one or more symmetric internal lobes, which cause the pumping elements to move radially with respect to the carrier as the carrier rotates. The cam ring and carrier arrangement is located between a pair of side plates. Suitably disposed inlet and outlet ports in the side plates can cause fluid to be drawn into and out of the circumferentially located spaces between the pumping elements; and the internal and external surfaces of the cam ring and the carrier respectively, in an axial direction. The fluid is drawn in at circumferential positions of the cam ring between the lobes and discharged at some angle further around the cam ring (near the lobe tops) at high pressure. The difficulty with this arrangement is that the discharge flow rate is nominally fixed to be proportional to the rotational speed of the shaft. Any excess fluid flow has to be returned (via a valve) to the pump inlet, with a corresponding loss of volumetic efficiency. The valve is an additional device which should be avoided if possible. DE-A-2109112 discloses a pump comprising an inlet port, an outlet port and a pumping mechanism for pumping fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port at a discharge flow rate, said pumping mechanism comprising a carrier including a plurality of pumping elements formed thereon or mounted therein and a cam ring which surrounds the carrier and has an internal cam surface which is followed by said pumping elements, wherein said cam ring is flexible such that the discharge flow rate may be varied by varying the shape of the cam ring by means of control means comprising one or more biasing devices. According to the present invention the control means further comprises one or more cam orifices which control fluid pressure. With the present invention, the cam ring is preferably sufficiently thin that it can be elastically distorted. Deflection may be altered by fluid pressure, most conveniently supplied from the pump, and may act with or against the cam ring's inherent resilience and an additional force from a biasing device such as a spring. The control preferably operates in such a way that as the outlet fluid pressure increases, the cam ring deforms from an initially non-circular shape towards a more circular shape concentric with the shaft, resulting in a lower discharge flow rate. Thus, the pressure and the flow rate can self adjust to suit the demands of the delivery circuit, with much less loss of volumetric efficiency. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a pump comprising pumping elements which are sealed and may be rotated together with a shaft wherein a cam ring is mounted around the pumping elements, the cam ring having a reduced thickness whereby it can be elastically deflected by the amount required to supply the required maximum flow rate. The cam ring may be held clear from side plates with a spacer ring radially outside of it, so that it is free to move radially. Initially the cam ring may be formed or deformed into a shape approximating to the required starting shape, within elastic stress limits of the cam material, and may pressed into the pump to form a lobed symmetric shape, constrained by the outer, spacer ring to outer limits at lobe troughs and by pivoting blocks, projections, stop blocks and riding rollers or other support means at node points where no deflection is required. Near the lobe peaks (minimum radius points) biasing devices may be fitted. The cavity between the cam ring and the outer or spacer ring is preferably circumferentially divided into a plurality of different regions, at least partially sealed from one another, one or more of the regions being high pressure regions and one or more of the regions being low pressure regions. An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawing, Figure 1, which is a cross-sectional view through a pump in accordance with the present invention with the left hand side of the Figure showing a low flow setting and the right hand side a high flow setting. The pump shown in Figure 1 has ten rollers 1 in a carrier 2, driven round by a shaft 3 with a keyway and key 4. The rollers are free to move radially in the outer section of a close fitting slot 5. They are constrained outwardly by a flexible cam ring 6. This particular design is fitted with a cam ring with two lobes and of constant thickness. In this particular design an outer, spacer ring 7 is fitted with two pairs of outward pivoting rollers and buffers 9a, 9b which support the cam ring 6 at node points where the radial position of the cam ring 6 is essentially constant. The two springs 10 are selected to hold the natural cam "elliptical" shape as shown. When the pump is started, pressure is generated inside the cam ring 6, in areas of decreasing radius. This pressure is bled through small restrictions 15a, in the cam ring 6 near the nodes to the cavity between the cam ring 6 and the surrounding ring 7 in specific high pressure regions 14. The circumferential distance over which this pressure can act is limited with two sealing devices 9a, 8a, 8b for each lobe and the pressure it can reach is controlled with a second bleed device 15b to the pump body cavity and back to the inlet port 12. Remaining circumferential areas of the cam remain with the high pressure difference across them. As the discharge pressure increases, an increasing force differential builds up over the cam ring, until it exceeds the controlling force and deflection towards the circular shape commences. Further pressure increase is additionally reacted with a cam force due to internal stresses in the cam ring 6 until the shape approaches a circular shape and very little flow is supplied at higher pressures. The exact characteristic may vary with the demands of the supply circuit but the concept is sufficiently versatile as to be able to cope with most applications. Rotation anticlockwise from the view shown of the shaft 3 causes the rollers 1 to move radially inwards in the region of pivoting rollers 9a. The reducing gap between the cam ring 6 and the carrier 2 causes fluid to be expelled sideways. This is collected in the two outlet ports 11 and delivered (at a suitable high pressure for the duty required). Meanwhile, other rollers 1 are moving radially outwards (in the region of pivoting rollers 9b) and drawing fluid in from intake ports 12. The spacer ring 7 maintains small gaps between the cam ring 6 and the side plates and between the carrier 2 (and rollers 1) and the side plates by being axially slightly longer than the cam ring 6 and the carrier 2. The details of the constraints of the outer spacer ring 7 in the housing 13 are not significant, though it can be seen that in the described embodiment four lugs 16 are provided, through which bolts can be fitted to hold the side plates and thus the ports 11,12 close to the carrier 2 and cam ring 6. The control of pressure to regions 14 may be with small restrictions 15a, 15b or suitable alternative flow control devices. As the pressure in the regions within the cam ring 6 in communication with the outlet ports 11 increases, the restrictions 15a, 15b allow a reduced pressure to build up in high pressure regions 14, between the pivoting rollers 9a and stop blocks 8a and riding rollers 8b. The pressure in high pressure regions 14 reacts against the springs 10 (the pressure inside the cam ring is essentially balanced about the pivoting rollers 9a) and the cam ring stiffness to make the cam ring more circular (the riding rollers 8b move up the stop blocks 8a to maintain sealing) and thus reduce the output flow rate, to suit the higher pressure. The effect of this is that the pump as a whole is hydraulically self-compensating. It will be apparent that alternative arrangements of the parts of the pump may be employed without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, alternative sealing arrangements for the rollers and buffers may be employed. The biasing device could be a coil spring, but could equally be some other device. The number of pumping elements need not be ten and similarly the number of inlet and outlet ports may vary. Rollers and slots could equally be some other pumping mechanism, such as pistons (in carrier bores) sliding on the inside of the cam ring. The axial clamping arrangement (not shown) is not significant. Materials are not specified, but normally steels would be considered. The shaft/carrier key could be another device such as a spline. The surrounding ring could be part of the body, incorporating the sealing device constraints. Pressure control behind the cam could be with any suitable device, small restrictions are only an example.

Claims: A pump comprising an inlet port (12), an outlet port (11)and a pumping mechanism for pumping fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port at a discharge flow rate, said pumping mechanism comprising a carrier (2) including a plurality of pumping elements (1) formed thereon or mounted therein and a cam ring (6) which surrounds the carrier (2) and has an internal cam surface which is followed by said pumping elements (1), wherein said cam ring (6) is flexible such that the discharge flow rate may be varied by varying the shape of the cam ring (6) by means of control means comprising one or more biasing devices (10) characterised in that the control means further comprises one or more cam orifices (15a) which control fluid pressure. A pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pump further comprises an outer ring (7) which surrounds and supports the cam ring (6) via one or more support means (9a, 9b). A pump as claimed in claim 2 wherein a plurality of support means (9a, 9b) are provided at nodal points of the cam ring (6) when in use. A pump as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the control means varies the shape of the cam ring (6) between predetermined first and second shapes corresponding to positions of maximum and minimum discharge flow rate respectively of the pump when in use. A pump as claimed in claim 2 or, claim 3, or claim 4 when dependent upon claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the space between the cam ring and the outer ring is circumferentially divided into a plurality of different regions, at least partially sealed from one another, one or more of the regions (14) being high pressure regions and one or more of the regions being low pressure regions. A pump as claimed in claim 5 wherein the nodal points (9a, 9b) are provided at substantially the same locations as the sealing points between the cam ring and the outer ring. A pump as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6 wherein said one or more biasing devices are located in said one or more low pressure regions, said one or more cam orifices (15a) communicate pressure from regions of lower pressure within said cam ring (6) to one or more of the high pressure regions (14) between said cam ring and said outer ring and second flow control means communicate pressure from said one or more regions (14) of high pressure to said one or more regions of low pressure and thence to the pump inlet port (12). A pump as claimed in claim 7 wherein said second flow control means comprises one or more orifices (15b) in the outer ring (7). A pump as claimed in claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 8 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the outer ring (7) is axially longer than the cam ring (6). A pump as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein said cam ring (6), when in a shape corresponding to a maximum discharge flow rate of the pump, has a plurality of lobes symmetrically disposed about the cam ring (6) A pump as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein there is provided a plurality of pump inlet ports (12) and a plurality of pump outlet ports (11).

Inventors: BASELEY SIMON JOHN, BRIGHTON DEREK KEITH, BASELEY, SIMON JOHN, BRIGHTON, DEREK KEITH, Baseley, Simon John, Hobourn Automotive Ltd., Brighton, Derek Keith, Hobourn Automotive Ltd.
Applicants: HOBOURN AUTOMOTIVE LTD, HOBOURN AUTOMOTIVE LIMITED
Application year: 1997
Main classification: F04C15
IPC codes: F04B1, F04C14