A METHOD RELATED TO COMPRESSED MATRIX STRUCTURES, SUCH A STRUCTURE AND THE USE THEREOF

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for attaching devices to compressed matrix structures such as fibre boards which are manufactured by compressing, between press members (15, 15a), a matrix material (16) and subjecting said matrix material (16) to a hardening process. At least one separate element comprising a surface portion (12) and an attachment portion (11) is provided in said matrix, said attachment portion (11) being diverted at its base to extend at an angle into the matrix. Such elements are arranged at the surface of said press member (15) prior to introducing said matrix material (16). The press members (15, 15a) are then moved to compress said matrix material (16) to its final dimensions, whereby end portions (13) of said attachment portion (11) will bend and attach to said matrix material (16) inside the resulting compressed structure. The invention also relates to such a structure, which comprises such separate elements embedded therein. Said attachment portions (11) extend into the matrix material (16) at angle relative to the structure surface (9a), and said surface portions (12) extend along and flush to said surface (9a), from which they can be risen. The invention also relates to the special use of said method and said structure for permanent formwork.

Description: A method related to compressed matrix structures, such a structure and the use thereof The invention relates to a method for attaching devices to compressed matrix structures such as fibre boards or the like, wherein said structure is manufactured by compressing a matrix material, between press members, and subjecting said material to a hardening process. The invention also relates to a compressed matrix structure, such as a fibre board or the like, wherein said structure comprises a fibre matrix material, which material during a compression step is hardened to constitute a firm structure, as well as to the special use of such a structure . Fibre boards and the like structures are known, wherein the structure comprises a matrix material such as wood or the like fibres, which fibres are substantially enclosed within a bonding component such as glue, cement, gypsum or the like. Such boards or structures of some other embodiment like skirting boards or the like are manufactured by feeding an amount of matrix material including a suitable bonding material between press elements, usually press plates or the like members, after which at least one of said press elements is moved towards an opposite one, thereby compressing the intermediate matrix material to about 1/3 to 1/4 of its original dimension in at least one direction. Simultaneously, or in connection with the pressing procedure, said bonding component in said matrix material is hardened. Upon release from said press elements the matrix material forms a structure of desired form, most usually a fibre board, which can be used as such or as a base material for some other production step. Fibre structures, especially boards and edgings manufactured as described above are widely used for building purposes. When such structures are connected to other structures of relatively large dimensions one generally uses glue, nails or screws as fastening means. However, there often is also a need for fastening different kinds of smaller devices to such boards. For this purpose nails, screws or the like fastening means are generally forced in between or into the fibres of the structure. Such means must have an overall length adapted for the thickness of the structure, in order not to penetrate the structure completely and thus damaging the opposite side thereof . This feature often restricts the use of normal fastening means, or, correspondingly, demands a thicker board than would otherwise be necessary, in order to obtain a sufficient attachment force. In some cases completely through-going bolts and nuts are used, which then are clearly visible at both sides of the structure. In most cases this is considered as a flaw in the surface, which thereafter must be taken especially care of. For fastening hooks and the like elements to a board one sometimes uses expanding devices which extend through a hole made in the board and expand inside said hole and/or on the backside of the board. Such devices can be used in situations where the opposite side of a board or the like does not simultaneously constitute a second front side. In the housebuilding business modern methods for making concrete structures are known, where a permanent fσrmwork of opposite boards are interconnected, after which concrete is cast into the space between said boards . Such permanent form boards are not removed upon consolidation of the concrete, but are left in place, and thus they constitute a nice outer surface of the concrete. Since the concrete prior to its consolidation exercises a rather high hydrostatic pressure upon the formwork such form boards must be firmly fixed. Usual through-going fastenings and corresponding known locking devices cannot be used, since the outer sides of the formwork must remain essentially untouched and whole. For this purpose it has been common until now to use special tongue-like fastening means, which are fastened to the insides of the formwork boards with screws or the like means. Since the screws must withstand considerable forces they must be relatively long, which necessitates boards having a thickness of up to 25 millimeters or more. This is expensive, and the attaching of the fastening means is laborious without giving, however, an overall secure connection between the opposite boards . The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and give a quite new concept for attaching external devices and the like to fibre boards or other compressed structures made of a compressed matrix material, without the need to use special fasteners which must be manually or at least separately attached to the board. The inventive idea generates from the realization that by attaching separate means to the compressed matrix boards already during the manufacturing of the boards themselves one can obtain a much simpler and still much more reliable attachment of any external devices. This can easily be provided by arranging special elements between the press members of a known press arrangement used for compressing the matrix material during manufacture of the board. Said special elements are positioned between the press members prior to the introduction of the compressible matrix material between said press members. Said special elements have favorably tongue - like attaching means extending into the matrix material and, correspondingly, surface portions which during the manufacturing procedure lie close to the adjacent press member. In a finished board or the like structure said surface portions reside at the surface thereof and can be bent or lifted into a protruding position where said surface portions actually extend outwards from the general board surface . More exactly the invention is expressed in the appended claims. Thus the inventive method, in addition to the known method of the introductory portion, comprises the further steps of providing at least one separate element of a bendable material, said element comprising at least one surface portion, and correspondingly, at least one attachment portion, said attachment portion being directed, at least at its base, towards the interior of said press arrangement, at an angle with respect to said surface portion. Suitably at least a first portion of said attachment portion extends in an essentially orthogonal direction with respect to said surface portion, while an outermost portion of said attachment portion preferably is diverted slightly away from said orthogonal direction. One or several such separate elements are arranged essentially directly onto the surface of at least one of said press members, prior to introducing said matrix material between at least two of said press members . When said press members are moved, in a manner known per se , towards each other in order to compress, therebetween, said matrix material to its final dimensions, said attachment portions will be firmly attached to said matrix material inside the compressed matrix structure manufactured. The inventive compressed matrix structure comprises at least one separate element embedded, during the manufacturing of said structure, in at least one surface of said structure in such a manner, that at least one preferably tongue- or spiral- like attachment portion of said separate element extends at an angle into said matrix material already prior to the compression thereof, while a surface portion of said element extends along the surface of said structure . As a result of the compression of said matrix material such material will tightly enclose said attachment portion and provide a firm connection between said portion and the inner material of the structure manufactured. Since said attachment portion will extend at an angle into said matrix material said portion will be exposed to any internal forces acting within said material. During the compression stage such forces and the internal movement of matrix material will favorably slightly deform at least a portion of the attachment portion and thus further enhance the attachment to said matrix material . Said surface portion of said separate element extends essentially along and flush to at least one surface of said structure, from which position it can be bent to extend in a position deviating from said surface. Said angle between said attachment portion and said surface portion will in a favorable manner define the position where said bending generally takes place, and thus the exact base position and protrusion of said surface element in its outwardly bent position can be easily predetermined, which property is important when said surface portion is used for fastening purposes. The preferred arrangement of said attachment portion to extend at least to some extent essentially orthogonally with respect to the final surface of the structure will further facilitate this property, and simultaneously any breaking-up of said surface in the vicinity of said position is prevented. The special inventive use of the inventive methods and devices includes the use of compressed matrix board structures as defined above as permanent formwork in the building business. The invention will now be closer described, by way of example only, with reference to some preferred embodiments disclosed in the appended drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a permanent formwork according to prior art, Fig. 2 shows a sectional side view of fasteners for a permanent formwork according to prior art, Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a separate element according one preferred embodiment of the invention, Figures 4a and 4b show, partially in section, a separate element according to Fig. 3 arranged within the matrix material of a fibre board, Fig. 4a showing the situation prior to compression and Fig. 4b showing a compressed entity, Figures 5a and 5b show a perspective view of separate elements according to Fig. 3, said elements being attached to a fibre board, where Fig. 5a shows an element as it emanates from a manufacturing press, and Fig. 5b shows the same element having said surface portion bent into an outward extending position, Figures 6a to 6c show separate manufacturing stages of a preferred special embodiment, wherein successive separate elements according to the invention constitute an integral, band-like structure, Fig. 7 partially in section shows elements according to Figures 6a to 6c during the manufacturing stage of fibre boards according to the present invention, Figures 8a and 8b show the surface side of a board manufactured in accordance with Fig. 7, wherein Fig. 8a shows the elements in an initial position having the surface portions located close to the board, and Fig. 8b shows the surface portions in an outwardly bent position, Fig. 9 shows a preferred special use of boards according to Figures 6 to 8 for permanent formwork, Fig. 10 shows an embodiment in connection with an essentially three dimensional fibre structure, i.e. a cornice, and Figures 11a and lib show a vertical section of a special arrangement adapted especially for use in permanent formwork . Referring now to Fig. 1 a permanent formwork known from prior art comprises two opposite board elements 1, la, forming, between them, a space 2 for receiving concrete or the like material in a semi-liquid state, which material suitably is consolidated to form a rigid structure. In order to keep the distance between said board elements 1, la and to resist the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete prior to its consolidation the formwork comprises bracer elements 3 interconnecting the boards 1, la. Said bracers 3 also suitably constitute holding elements for reinforcement bars, piping or the like elements 4, which are to be located inside the concrete. Said bracers 3 may comprise interconnecting portions 5, 5a, see Fig. 2. According to prior art said bracers 3 or the like elements 5a are attached to the inside surface 9a of said board elements 1, la using screws or the like connecting means 6, which extend through a flange portion 7 of said bracers and into the inner portion 8 of said boards 1, la. Since it is desirable to keep the outer side surface 9 of said boards clean and unbroken the length (L) of said connecting means 6 must not exceed the thickness (T) of the board 1, la, which may lead to an unsatisfactory attachment strength, if the board does not have a sufficient thickness. Correspondingly, the thickness (T) of said board 1, la must be adapted to the technically necessary length ( ) of said connecting means 6, which usually leads to an unnecessary heavy board structure. Now, with reference to Fig. 3, the invention brings about a quite new concept for attaching any kind of means to a board or the like structure, thus including also elements for use as bracers 3 in a permanent formwork as shown in Fig . 1. The arrangement according to the present invention comprises a special separate element 10, which is made of a suitable generally thin material, e.g. sheet metal, metal wire or the like, which is deformable in the sense that it can be bent and raised at least once without breaking. According to Fig. 3 said separate element 10 comprises at least two functionally separate portions, i.e. a suitably tongue-like attachment portion, which is generally referred to as 11, and a surface portion 12 which can be used for any number of purposes, e.g. as a fastening element or the like. Said attachment portion 11 is used for attaching the separate element 10 to one surface 9a of any such compressed matrix structure, e.g. a fibre board element 1, la, an edging or the like, which is manufactured, as known per se in accordance with the introductory portion of claim 1. The attachment is such that the surface portion 12 of said element 10 will lie close to said surface 9a of said compressed matrix structure and actually usually slightly embedded therein. According to a preferred embodiment said attachment portion 11 of said separate element 10 suitably comprises, at the outermost end portions thereof, one or more tongues or corresponding formations 13, which may comprise a special surface structure 14, e.g. a hatching or the like, for improving the attachment to the matrix material 16 of the compressed matrix structure, e.g. said fibre board element 1, la. It is to be observed that the outermost end portion of said surface portion 12 located opposite to said attachment portion 11 can have any suitable form or shape. Such a shape is disclosed in Fig. 3 as an example only. The attachment portion 11 is preferably of a tongue-like configuration which is especially adapted for bending during compression. It may, however, have any other suitable shape which allows it to become completely embedded in the matrix material and to provide a firm attachment of the separate element 10 in the interior material of the board 1, la. The technical nature of this embedded attachment is evident from Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b. According to the inventive method one or several such separate elements 10 are arranged in the close vicinity of a press member 15, usually directly on the top surface of the underlying one of a pair of such members 15, 15a, or e.g. on the top surface of each successive one of a stack of such members 15 to 15b. Fig. 7 discloses such an arrangement wherein such press members 15 to 15b in the shape of substantially thin sheets (a typical thickness being about 3 millimeters) and alternatingly arranged matrix material 16 are stacked between the actual press means (not shown) known per se . The arrangement of said separate elements 10 is performed prior to feeding uncompressed matrix material 16 into the space above said underlying press members 15. At this moment (see Fig. 4a) said tongue-like attachment portion 11, including any tongues or the like formations 13, will extend into said matrix material 16 generally orthogonally, with respect to said press member 15, apart from a preferred slight deviation D at least at the outermost portion of such a tongue or the like formation 13, said deviation being arranged in order to facilitate the initial deformation of said attachment portion. In accordance with known manufacturing methods a fibre board 1, la or the like structure will now be manufactured by pressing at least one of the opposite two press members 15, 15a against the other one, thereby compressing the intermediate matrix material 16 to about 1/3 : rd to 1/4 :th of its uncompressed thickness, and the matrix material is hardened in essentially the same procedure, as known per se. When the press members 15, 15a are pressed (see vertical arrow, Fig. 4a) together on both sides of the matrix material 16 said matrix material will be compacted and simultaneously, according to the present invention, said attachment portions 11, especially any tongue formations 13 will slightly bend (see curved arrows, Fig. 4a) and/or be otherwise deformed under impact of the internal pressure forces exerted in said matrix material 16, thus facilitating a close contact between said matrix material 16 and the surface of said attachment portion 11, especially said tongue formations 13 (see Fig. 4b) . This bending may be facilitated by forming some or all parts of the attachment portions 11, especially any outermost end formations 13 thereof as slightly curved means, where any adjacent formations 13 preferably are bent in opposite directions, so that they will extend in opposite directions in the matrix material 16 when said material 16 is compressed. However, in normal cases the tongues will not extend through the structure to the opposite side thereof, and thus the opposite surface 9 of said structure, e.g. said board 1 remains even and flawless. Thus it can directly be used e.g. as a final wall surface in a permanent formwork application as described above. Upon hardening of the matrix material 16 said tongue-like attachment portion 11 of said separate element will now be firmly attached to the interior of the matrix material 16, and thus to the interior of the compressed structure, e.g. the manufactured fibre board 1 or the like. This attachment will actually cover a much larger internal area of compressed matrix material than any conceivable screw 8 or the like fastening means, and thus the attachment according to the present invention is much stronger than known fastening methods. Since parts of the portions 11 and especially any outermost end formations 13 thereof preferably will extend, after the pressing procedure, essentially in the general planar direction of e.g. a board structure 1 said structure can be made much thinner than a corresponding structure dimensioned for screw fastening. Referring now to Fig. 5a showing a surface portion of a structure 1 manufactured in accordance with the invention, said structure comprises, at least at one side surface 9a thereof, the impressed or embedded surface portion 12 of a separate element 10. When the manufactured structure is a board several such boards can be easily stacked one upon the other, due to the still flat structure of the separate element 10, and transported to a building site or the like. On site the surface portion 12 of such an element 10 can now easily be detached from the surface 9a of the fibre structure 1 and bent e.g. into the protruding position shown in Fig. 5b, or to any other position considered appropriate with respect to the purpose of use. Now the structure, e.g. the board 1 according to Fig. 5b, comprises a protrusive portion 12 extending transversely to the board surface 9a and being firmly fixed to the interior material of said board. Only a shallow trace 12a is left in the surface, which trace can easily be puttied, if necessary. In applications where the protrusive surface portions are directed towards the inner portion of a structure, e.g. in a permanent formwork, any such levelling is unnecessary. A protruding element 12 being firmly attached to a compressed matrix structure, as provided by the present invention, can be used for a great variety of purposes, some of which are of a temporary nature in connection with the general erection of e.g a building, and some being retained e.g. as prospective attachment points for paintings or the like furnishing details in the finished building. Correspondingly, such protruding elements can be used also e.g. in the furniture industry. A preferred embodiment of the invention, which embodiment is especially suited for use in permanent formwork, is disclosed in Figures 6 to 9. Here several separate protrusive surface portion elements are integrally interconnected, suitably to define a row of fastening means which may extend essentially over the whole length of a board structure . As evident from Fig. 6a such an element 20 is suitably manufactured of e.g. a sheet metal band 21, where successive indents 22 are punched at one edge of said band 21. Relatively extensive portions are thereafter bent over and flattened (see Fig. 6b) , thus forming successive fastening portions 23 corresponding to said surface portions 12 according to the above described embodiment . Intermediate tongue portions 24 are bent about 90° (see Fig. 6c) to form successive attachment portions to be enclosed in the matrix material 16 of the board to be manufactured. Said tongue portions 24 are preferably bent in a slightly curving shape where successive tongues are slightly inclined in different directions, in order to facilitate a firm and secure attachment to the matrix material 16 of the structure 1. Along the whole extent of the integral element 20 runs an unbroken ledge-like structure 25 which interconnects the separate portions 23, 24. Successive attachment portions 11 and surface portions 12, 23 can, of course, also be achieved in arrangements which differ from the arrangement according to Figures 6 to 8, which should be considered as an example only. Figure 7 shows how such integral long elements are arranged at a press panel prior to the feeding of matrix material 16. As is indicated in Fig. 7 one press function favorably comprises the pressing of several stacked matrix portions 16, 16a, 16b, each of which is arranged on top of an underlying press member 15, 15a, 15b, which is suitably made of steel. Each matrix portion 16, 16a, 16b suitably comprises several integral separate elements 20, 20a, each of which is arranged on a respective underlying press member 15. In this manner up to 50 boards can be manufactured in one pressing operation, each board 1 having rows of protrusive surface portions 23 or corresponding means arranged flat on one surface 9a, the opposite surface 9 being clean and smooth (see Fig. 8a) . Said protrusive surface portions 23 being positioned flat as disclosed in Fig. 8a several boards 1 can easily be stacked and transported, since all the protrusive surface portions 23 initially lie parallel to the boards 1 and actually are embedded in the surface 9a thereof, due to the manufacturing method according to the present invention. On the building site protrusive surface portions 23 to be used are bent up, as indicated in Fig. 8b. Due to the bending over discussed above said means can easily be bent upwards even so that said ledge like structure 25 also will extend in a direction which is transversal to the general plane of the board 1, as can be seen in Fig. 9. Figure 9 now shows how boards 1, la manufactured according to the embodiment disclosed in Figures 6 to 7 are especially well adapted to constitute permanent formwork as discussed above. Here protrusive surface portions 23, 23a at opposite boards 1, la are interconnected using e.g. special sheet metal connecting plier means known per se . Such connecting plier means press through the superimposed tongues of opposite protruding portions 23, 23a where one or several locking connections 27 will be formed. Said plier means are introduced in the spaces 26 which will be formed at the locations where attachment portions 24 extend in opposite directions into said boards 1, la. Since also the ledge-like structures 25 are bent away from said boards 1, la there will be sufficient spaces for the introduction of concrete or the like material into the space 2 between said boards 1, la. Figures 11a and lib, on the other hand, show, in a simplified manner, a permanent formwork arrangement wherein one or more reinforcing bars 4 are used to achieve the connection between opposite boards 1, la in a permanent formwork. This embodiment of the invention comprises one or preferably several elongated apertures 35 arranged in interacting flange- like bracer elements 3, 3a. Said bracer elements 3, 3a are attached to said boards 1, la, respectively, using attachment portions 11 arranged at said bracer elements 3, 3a. According to this embodiment a reinforcing bar is arranged to pass through intersecting portions of said apertures 35 located in said bracer elements 3, 3a. Said apertures 35 comprise an elongated main portion and semicircular portions 36, 36a, 37, 37a, respectively, said portions extending in transversal directions, for receiving said reinforcement bar 4. Figure 11a shows a disposition wherein two portions 37 (and 37a) arranged centrally at the upper edge of said apertures 35 intersect in a position where an assembly consisting of opposite boards 1, la and telescopically retracted bracer elements 3 can be lifted using a hook or the like (not shown) . In this position said reinforcing bar locks said elements 3 in a position minimizing the overall thickness of said assembly and thus facilitates the storage of such assemblies. Figure lib, on the other hand, shows the situation prior to filling said space 2 between said boards 1, la with concrete or the like. In this position said reinforcing bar 4 will fall into recesses 37, 37a which are located at the lower part of said elongated aperture 35 and intersect when said elements 1, la are telescoped into an extended position corresponding to the appropriate width of the final structure. Such positions can be arranged for several different wall thicknesses using multiple recesses 37, 37a. Above mainly such embodiments have been discussed, where the compressed matrix structure comprises an essentially flat fibre board or the like formation. It should, however, be understood that the invention can be utilized also for structures of other forms. Thus, Fig. 10 discloses how the inventive concept can be used for e.g. cornices 33, where fastening elements according to one embodiment of the invention can be inserted as such into a slit between wall and ceiling. In this embodiment the separate element 30 is originally bent (shown in phantom) to correspond to the corner portion of the cornice 33, which in a manner known per se is manufactured by compressing fibre material. On site a tongue 31 of said element 30 is then bent into the position shown in full line in Fig 10. In this embodiment the outermost portion of said tongue 31 favorably comprises a hook-like formation 32 for securing the tongue to a wall board 1 or the like. Also in this embodiment the attachment tongue portion 34 of said separate element 30 is bent during the compression of the matrix material constituting the body of said cornice 33. In some situations it is desirable to arrange protrusive means according to the invention at both sides of a board. In this case the flat surface portions 12, 23, 31 are suitably temporarily fixed to the respective press members using a weak glue, double sided tape or the like for keeping them in position prior to the pressing procedure. In such embodiments of the invention it may also be desirable that at least one board surface is quite even, although one might wish to have protrusive elements integrated at special locations. In this case the special elements according to the invention can be so arranged, for the manufacturing procedure, that between the separate element and the press member there is a portion of thin flat material e.g. paper or the like. In the final board this thin material will constitute a smooth flat outer surface, which can be readily painted or covered with wallpaper. Such spots concealing a protrusive element can, however, be easily recognized prior to painting by visually observing the surface structure, and even later on using e.g. a metal detector, or simply by knocking at the surface. Normally the protrusive surface portion 12, 23, 31 will lie flat in line flush with the structure surface and, in fact, slightly embedded therein. Usually it is easy to detach the outer end of the portion and raise the protrusive tongue or the like element 12, 23, 31 upright. In order to facilitate the gripping of said outer end it may comprise a suitable formation, such as a hole 17 or an inclined notch 18 which constitutes an attachment point for a suitable lifting tool. Under certain circumstances it may also be favorable to deliberately facilitate the lifting procedure by arranging so that the surface portion is free and does not have its edges to any extent embedded in matrix material. This can easily be effected by locating a small plate 19 of firm sheet material between said surface portion 12, 23, 31 and the matrix material 16, i.e. on the upper side of said surface portion as it extends on said press member 15 prior to introducing said matrix material 16 (see Fig. 4b) . Above some favorable embodiments have been disclosed as examples only. It should be understood that the invention will not be restricted to these examples and embodiments but it will include also other embodiments and modifications within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, other embodiments may comprise special formations 14, 28, 32 arranged at said tongue-like attachment portions 11, the end portions 13, 23, 34 thereof and/or at said surface portions 12, 23, 31, in order to facilitate the attachment of said means to said matrix material 16 and the attachment of different separate pieces to said surface portions 12, 23, 31. Such formations 28, 32 may comprise e.g. holes, hooks, indents and the like formations. It is also to be observed that the embodiment shoving bracers 3 for e.g. a permanent formwork used in the building industry must be seen as an example only, and the invention is not restricted only to such elements but generally includes the attachment, to a basic structure 1 made of a compressed matrix material, of any other kinds of elements comprising at least one element portion 12, 23, 31 having, at least during the manufacture thereof, a portion of a generally planar complexion, which portion after the manufacturing steps can be raised in any angle, with respect to the general surface extent of said basic structure 1, and may be used as such or as an attachment means for any kind of means to be connected to said basic structure 1.

Claims: Claims 1. A method for attaching devices to compressed matrix structures such as fibre boards (1, la) or the like, wherein said structure is manufactured by compressing, between press members (15, 15a, 15b), a matrix material (16) and subjecting said matrix material (16) to a hardening process, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in said method further comprising the steps of a) providing at least one separate element (10, 20, 30) of a deformable material, said element comprising i) at least one surface portion (12, 23, 31) and ii) at least one attachment portion (11), said attachment portion (11) being diverted at its base at an angle relative to at least a portion of said surface portion (12, 23, 31), b) arranging one or more separate element (s) (10, 20, 30) on at least one press member (15, 15a, 15b) with said surface portion (12, 23, 31) located essentially directly at the surface of said at least one press member, said attachment portion (11) being directed away from said surface of said press member (15, 15a, 15b), and thereafter introducing said matrix material (16) between each two of such press members (15, 15a, 15b), and c) moving said press members (15, 15a, 15b), in a manner known per se. towards each other in order to press, therebetween, said matrix material (16) to its final dimensions, whereby d) said attachment portion (11) will be embedded and attached to said matrix material (16) inside the resulting compressed structure. 2. A method according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in arranging said separate element (s) (10, 20, 30) in such a way that a base portion (11a) of said attachment portion (11) extends in an essentially orthogonal direction with respect to the inner surface plane of said press member (15) , and/or so that at least a portion (13, 24, 34) of said attachment portion (11) extends to slightly divert from said essentially orthogonal direction, preferably so that said portion (13, 24, 34) will be deformed within said matrix material (16) during the compressing of said material. 3. A method according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in one o several outermost end formations (13) of said attachment portion (11) being made to divert, preferably to different angles with respect to said essentially orthogonal direction, during step c) . 4. A method according any one of claims 1 to 3 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in the step of arranging a sheet element (19, 25) at one side of said surface portion (12, 23, 31) and said matrix material (16), in order to facilitate a diversion of said surface portion (12, 23, 31) and/or parts (25) connected thereto from the compressed matrix material (16) in the manufactured structure. 5. A compressed matrix structure, such as a fibre board (1, la) or the like, wherein said structure comprises a matrix material (16) , which material (16) during a compression step is hardened to constitute a firm structure, c h a r a c t e - r i z e d in that said structure further comprises at least one separate element (10, 20, 30) embedded, during the manufacturing of said structure, at at least one surface (9a) of said structure (1, la) in such a manner, that at least one attachment portion (11) of said separate element (10, 20, 30) extends into said matrix material (16) at angle relative to said surface (9a), and a surface portion (12, 23, 31) of said separate element (10, 20, 30) extends essentially along and flush to said surface (9a) of said structure. 6. A structure according to claim 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said separate elements (10, 20, 30) being provided of a sheet material, preferably sheet metal, said elements suitably comprising one or several tongue-like portions attachment portion (11), where said elements (10, 20, 30) favorably comprises one or more suitably slightly curved tongues (13, 24, 34), which prior to said compression step extend generally orthogonally with respect to the plane of an intended surface (9a) of said fibre structure, said tongues (13, 24) favorably comprising, at their respective distal ends, bent portions, which during said compression step guide said tongues (13, 24, 34) and/or the ends thereof to bend towards the general planar extent of said compressed structure, preferably, however, in different directions. 7. A structure according to claim 5 or 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said surface portion (12, 23, 31) is arranged so that it can be bent to protrude from said surface (9a) and extend in at least one position deviating from the general plane of said surface (9a), suitably in an essentially orthogonal direction with respect to said surface, said surface portion (12, 23, 31) favorably comprising holes, indentations and/or the like formations (17, 18, 28, 32) for facilitating the attachment of further structures and/or for facilitating the detachment and/or bending of said surface portion (12, 23, 31). 8. A structure according to any one of claims 5 to 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said separate elements (20, 30) comprise several integrated pairs of surface portions (11) and attachment portions (24) , respectively, suitably band-like means (21) having successive favorable flip-like protrusive surface portions (23) arranged to extend successively at the outer surface (9a) of said structure, said tongue-like attachment portions (24) suitably being arranged in alter ¬ natingly inclined directions to extend into said matrix material (16) of said structure. 9. A structure according to claim 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said successive flip- like surface portions (23) are bent over to extend between an unbroken ledge-like portion (25) and said matrix material (16) . 10. The use of fibre board structures as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9 as permanent formwork in the building industry.

Inventors: GUDMUNDSSON EDGAR, GUDMUNDSSON, EDGAR
Applicants: EELA HARRI, GUDMUNDSSON EDGAR, EELA, HARRI, GUDMUNDSSON, EDGAR
Application year: 1997
Main classification: E04C2
IPC codes: E04B2, E04C2, E04F19