Liquid silicone rubber composition

Abstract: A silicone rubber composition is dislosed that before its cure has a suitable fluidity and excellent moldability and that after cure produces a highly flame retardant silicone rubber molding with excellent electrical properties. This composition comprises (A) polyorganosiloxane, (B) silica filler, (C) aluminum hydroxide powder, (D) zinc carbonate powder, (E) polyorganohydrogensiloxane, (F) benzotriazole, (G) the reaction mixture of (a) a platinum compound and (b) 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, and (H) hydrosilylation reaction catalyst.

Description: This invention relates to silicone rubber compositions that yield a highly flame retardant cured product and that also has excellent electrical properties such as tracking resistance, arc resistance, and erosion resistance. The invention additionally provides a method for preparing silicone rubber composition. Silicone rubbers are widely used in diverse applications because of their excellent heat resistance, aging resistance, and electrical properties. However, a drawback to these silicone rubbers is their flammability. In response, numerous compositions have been proposed that provide self-extinguishing (flame retardant) silicone rubbers. For example, JP-A 44-2591 (1969) teaches the composition afforded by blending a platinum compound flame retardant, such as chloroplatinic acid or a platinum-olefin complex, into a silicone rubber compound. However, the admixture of just a platinum compound provides only a small improvement in flame retardancy. This has resulted in the proposal of compositions that achieve improvements in the flame retardancy of silicone rubber through the combination of these platinum compounds and an inorganic filler such as described in JP-Bs 47-21826 (1972) and 51-23979 (1976). Other tactics known for achieving additional improvements in flame retardancy consist of increasing the addition of the nonflammable inorganic filler component and reducing the addition of the flammable polyorganosiloxane component. Unfortunately, the silicone rubber compositions made by these tactics have very high viscosities and cannot be used in applications where fluidity is a critical factor, for example, as in injection molding. Therefore, there is desired a silicone rubber composition that before its cure has a suitable fluidity and excellent moldability, and which surprisingly cures into highly flame retardant silicone rubber moldings with excellent electrical properties. As a result of extensive investigations directed to solving these problems, we have found that the problem is solved by the admixture of specific additive components into a particular type of addition reaction-silicone rubber composition. The present invention was achieved based on this discovery. The object of this invention is to provide a silicone rubber composition that before its cure exhibits suitable fluidity and excellent moldability, and which subsequently cures to give highly flame retardant silicone rubber moldings with excellent electrical properties, without sacrificing mechanical strength. Our silicone rubber composition comprises (A) a polyorganosiloxane, (B) a microparticulate silica, (C) an aluminum hydroxide powder, (D) a zinc carbonate powder, (E) polyorganohydrogensiloxane, (F) benzotriazole, (G) the reaction mixture of (a) a platinum compound and (b) 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, and (H) hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. The present invention is a silicone rubber composition comprising (A) 100 weight parts of polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity at 25°C of from 100 to 100,000 mPa·s and the average unit formula R 1 a R 2 b SiO (4-a-b)/2 , where R 1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group excluding alkenyl groups, R 2 represents alkenyl group, a has a value from 1.90 to 2.05, b has a value from 0.0005 to 0.1, and a + b has a value of 1.91 to 2.06; (B) 10 to 60 weight parts of microparticulate silica filler; (C) 1 to 150 weight parts of aluminum hydroxide powder; (D) 1 to 150 weight parts of zinc carbonate powder; (E) polyorganohydrogensiloxane comprising at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule, in a quantity that affords a value from 0.5 : 1 to 20 : 1 for the ratio of the number of moles of silicon-bonded hydrogen to the number of moles of silicon-bonded alkenyl in component (A); (F) 0.001 to 1 weight part benzotriazole; (G) the reaction mixture of (a) a platinum compound and (b) 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, in a quantity that affords from 1 to 1,000 weight parts platinum metal for each 1,000,000 weight parts of component (A); and (H) hydrosilylation reaction catalyst in a catalytic quantity. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of our silicone rubber composition. The polyorganosiloxane (A) is the base component of the present composition. R 1 in the formula for component (A) is non-alkenyl monovalent hydrocarbon groups that are exemplified by phenyl, or by alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and octyl. R 2 is alkenyl groups selected from vinyl and allyl. The subscript a has a value from 1.90 to 2.05; the subscript b has a value from 0.0005 to 0.1; and a + b has a value from 1.91 to 2.06. This polyorganosiloxane will ordinarily have a straight-chain molecular structure, but may be branched to some extent. The alkenyl can be bonded at terminal or non-terminal positions on the molecular chain, or at both positions. Preferably, it is present at least at both molecular chain terminals based on considerations of the post-cure mechanical properties. The alkenyl may consist of only a single specific type of alkenyl group or may be a mixture of 2 or more specific types of alkenyl groups. The viscosity of polyorganosiloxane (A) at 25°C is from 100 to 100,000 mPa·s and preferably is from 100 to 50,000 mPa·s. Lower viscosities cause a decline in the mechanical strength of the cured composition, such as tear strength, while higher viscosities produce a composition of diminished fluidity. Component (A) is specifically exemplified by vinyldimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxanes, vinyldimethylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylsiloxane-vinylmethylsiloxane copolymers, vinyldimethylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymers, and vinyldimethylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylsiloxane-vinylmethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymers. The silica filler used as component (B) in the present invention is a reinforcing filler. It is an essential component whose purpose is to impart mechanical strength to the silicone rubber made by curing the present composition. This silica filler is exemplified by reinforcing silicas such as dry-process silicas, for example fumed silica; or by wet-process silicas, for example precipitated silica. The silica is also exemplified by semi-reinforcing silicas such as quartz and diatomaceous earth. This component is preferably a silica with a particle size of ≤ 50 µm, and a specific surface area of ≥ 50 m 2 /g. Even more preferred are such silicas after a hydrophobicizing surface treatment has been made with an organosilicon compound such as an organosilane, organosilazane, or organosiloxane oligomer. Since the addition of too little of component (B) will fail to impart a high mechanical strength, and the addition of too much will cause a loss of fluidity, component (B) must be added at from 10 to 60 weight parts per 100 weight parts of component (A) and is preferably added at from 20 to 40 weight parts per 100 weight parts of component (A). The aluminum hydroxide powder (C) reduces the compounding ratio of component (A) and thereby improves the flame retardancy. The aluminum hydroxide powder preferably has a particle size from 0.1 to 50 µm, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10 µm. This component is admixed at from 1 to 150 weight parts and preferably at from 10 to 120 weight parts, in each case per 100 weight parts of component (A). The zinc carbonate powder (D), like component (C), functions to improve the flame retardancy. The zinc carbonate powder preferably has a particle size ≤ 100 µm. Component (D) is admixed at from 1 to 150 weight parts, and preferably at from 10 to 120 weight parts, in each case per 100 weight parts of component (A). In addition, the sum of the additions of component (D) and components (B) and (C) is preferably from 40 to 300 weight parts, and more preferably from 50 to 180 weight parts, in each case per 100 weight parts of component (A). The polyorganohydrogensiloxane (E) is a crosslinker for the present composition. The present composition is crosslinked and cured by the addition reaction of the silicon-bonded hydrogen in component (E) with the silicon-bonded alkenyl in component (A) in the presence of hydrosilylation reaction catalyst (H). This polyorganohydrogensiloxane must contain at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule. Its non-hydrogen silicon-bonded organic groups are exemplified by alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, and propyl; aryl groups such as phenyl or tolyl; and substituted alkyl groups such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl and 3-chloropropyl. Component (E) can have a straight-chain, branch-containing straight-chain, cyclic, or network molecular structure. The viscosity of component (E) at 25°C is preferably from 3 to 10,000 mPa·s. Component (E) is added in a quantity that will provide a value from 0.5 : 1 to 20 : 1, and preferably from 1 : 1 to 3 : 1 for the ratio of the number of moles of silicon-bonded hydrogen in the composition to the number of moles of silicon-bonded alkenyl in the composition. The present composition will not undergo an acceptable cure when this molar ratio is below 0.5. A molar ratio in excess of 20 can also result in the production of gaseous hydrogen and foaming. Benzotriazole (F) is by itself without effect, but it generates a synergistic effect when used in combination with component (G), providing a major increase in the flame retardancy of the present composition. Component (F) is added at from 0.001 to 1 weight part per 100 weight parts of component (A). When added at less than 0.001 weight part, no functional effect will be generated from its use. The addition of more than 1 weight part of component (F) has a pronounced tendency to cause cure inhibition and also provides no additional enhancements in flame retardancy. Since component (F) has a high melting point, its uniform dispersion in our silicone rubber composition is advantageously effected by dissolving this component in an organic solvent such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Component (G), which is the reaction mixture of a platinum compound and 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, is the component that distinguishes the present composition. In particular, its use in combination with benzotriazole (F) has been found to provide major improvements in flame retardancy and electrical properties, such as tracking resistance. As used herein, the reaction mixture of a platinum compound and 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol denotes the product generated by their reaction, or by the mixture of such a product with its 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol precursor. The platinum compound (a) encompassed by this component is exemplified by chloroplatinic acid, the potassium and sodium salts of chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic acid/olefin complexes, and chloroplatinic acid/alkenylsiloxane complexes among which chloroplatinic acid and platinum/alkenylsiloxane complexes as disclosed in JP-B 42-22924 (1967). The 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol (b) is already known as a compound that inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction. The component (a) To component (b) weight ratio preferably falls in the range from 1 : 0.1 to 1 : 100, and more preferably in the range from 1 : 1 to 1 : 50. The use of quantities that provide more moles of component (b) than moles of component (a) is also preferred. The subject reaction mixture is prepared, for example, simply by mixing components (a) and (b), shaking or stirring at ambient or elevated temperature, and then allowing to stand. This component is added in a quantity that affords 1 to 1,000 weight parts, and preferably 10 to 200 weight parts of platinum metal, in each case for each 1,000,000 weight parts of component (A). An acceptable flame retardancy and electrical properties, such as tracking resistance, are not obtained at below 1 weight part. No additional effects are observed for additions in excess of 1,000 weight parts. The hydrosilylation reaction catalyst (H) is a curing catalyst for the present composition. This catalyst is platinum metal itself, a platinum compound or a composition whose main component is a platinum compound which accelerates the hydrosilylation reaction. These catalysts are exemplified by finely divided platinum, chloroplatinic acid, alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid, platinum/diketone complexes, platinum/olefin complexes, chloroplatinic acid/alkenylsiloxane complexes, and these species supported on a carrier such as alumina, silica, or carbon black. This component is added in a catalytic quantity. Although the addition cannot be rigorously specified because it will vary as a function of the type of hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, as a general matter the addition will be from 1 to 500 weight parts as platinum metal, and preferably from 5 to 100 weight parts as platinum metal, in each case for each 1,000,000 weight parts of component (A). Since the curing reaction in the present composition will gradually occur with time even at room temperature, any requirement for long-term retention of pot life or storage stability is satisfied by the addition of a known addition reaction inhibitor, for example, ethynylcyclohexanol, dimethylformamide, triphenylphosphine, cyclic methylvinylsiloxanes, 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, cyclohexylbutynol, 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol, diphenylethynylcarbinol, and 3,5-dimethyl-3-hexen-1-yne. The present composition comprises the components (A) to (H). It may also contain, insofar as the object of the present invention is not impaired, those additives known for admixture in silicone rubber compositions. These additives are non-reinforcing fillers, pigments, heat stabilizers, flame retardants, internal release agents, and plasticizers. The non-reinforcing fillers included calcium carbonate, mica, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide. The pigments are carbon black, iron oxide red, and titanium dioxide. The heat stabilizers are selected from the rare earth oxides, rare earth hydroxides, cerium silanolate, and cerium salts of fatty acids. The flame retardants are represented by fumed titanium dioxide, carbon black in small quantities, and manganese carbonate. The present composition is prepared simply by mixing the above-described components (A) to (H) in their prescribed quantities to homogeneity. In a preferred method, however, our composition is prepared by first making a silicone rubber base compound by mixing components (A), (B), (C), and (D), and by then admixing therein components (E), (F), (G), and (H). When component (B) is a non-hydrophobicized reinforcing silica filler with a specific surface area ≥ 50 m 2 /g, a plasticizer is preferably also added at from 1 to 30 weight parts per 100 weight parts of component (A). This plasticizer is exemplified by silanol-endblocked diorganosiloxane oligomer or by hexaorganodisilazane and water. The means for mixing components (A), (B), (C), and (D) can be on a known compounder such as a kneader mixer or continuous twin-screw compounding extruder. The means for admixing components (E), (F), (G), and (H) is by a commercial mixer such as a two-roll mill or kneader mixer. The claimed composition has excellent pre-cure fluidity and also cures into a product with high mechanical strength. It also possesses excellent flame retardancy and electrical properties such as tracking resistance, arc resistance, and erosion resistance. Therefore, the present compositions are used as an electrical insulating material in applications where such properties are critical, for example, in high-voltage or high-current applications in outdoor applications. The invention will be explained below using working examples, in which "parts" denotes "weight parts" and the values reported for the viscosity of the polyorganosiloxanes and silicone rubber compositions were measured at 25°C. The physical properties, flame retardancy, and electrical properties of the silicone rubbers were measured in the examples using the following methods. Physical properties of the silicone rubbers were measured according to the procedures given in JIS K 6301, "Physical Testing Methods for Vulcanized Rubbers". The liquid silicone rubber composition was compression molded at 150°C for 10 minutes to give a 2 mm-thick silicone rubber sheet. The mechanical strength values of this silicone rubber sheet were then measured according to the procedures given in JIS K 6301. Measurement of the flame retardancy was made be filling the silicone rubber composition into a sheet-forming mold and heat-curing to give a 1 mm-thick silicone rubber sheet. This silicone rubber sheet was cut to give a test specimen with a length of 130 mm, width of 13 mm, and thickness of 1 mm. The test specimen was suspended vertically in still air and was ignited by exposure for 10 seconds to a Bunsen burner flame (11-mm flame width, 20-mm inner flame height, 40-mm outer flame height) by just contacting the bottom edge of the test specimen with the top of the inner flame. The Bunsen burner was then withdrawn from the test specimen and the time in seconds was measured until extinction of the flame ignited on the test specimen. This flame contact test was run twice on each of 5 test specimens, and the average (in seconds) of the 10 measurements is reported as the flame retardancy data. Electrical property measurements were made by running an inclined plane anti-tracking test according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publication 587. The test instrument was a model HAT-520 from Hitachi TM Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. The test voltage was 3.5 kV. The evaluation A referenced in the test results refers to the time in minutes required until the current flowing in a high-voltage circuit passing through the test specimen exceeded 60 mA for 2 seconds. The evaluation B referenced in the test results refers to the time in minutes for tracking to reach a mark placed on the surface of the test specimen at a position 25 mm from the lower electrode. Example 1. The following were mixed to homogeneity into 100 parts of vinyldimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 10,000 mPa·s: 25 parts of fumed silica with a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g, 100 parts of aluminum hydroxide powder with an average particle size of 1 µm, 15 parts of zinc carbonate powder with an average particle size of 10 µm, 5 parts of hexamethyldisilazane, and 1.5 parts of water. This mixture was heated for 2 hours at 170°C in a vacuum to give a silicone rubber base compound. The following were then mixed to homogeneity into the base compound to give a silicone rubber composition: 1.4 parts of trimethylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer with a silicon-bonded hydrogen content of 0.7 weight%, 0.1 part of benzotriazole, 0.8 part (corresponding to 30 ppm as platinum metal) of a reaction mixture (reaction mixture 1) of 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol and a chloroplatinic acid/divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complex, and chloroplatinic acid (hydrosilylation reaction catalyst) in a quantity giving 10 ppm of platinum metal. Reaction mixture 1 was prepared by adding 500 parts of 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol to 100 parts of a chloroplatinic acid/divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complex, shaking at room temperature, and then holding overnight. The viscosity and post-cure physical properties, flame retardancy, and electrical properties of the silicone rubber composition were measured, and these results are reported in Table 1. For comparison, a silicone rubber composition was prepared as above, but without the addition of the aluminum hydroxide powder (Comparative Example 1). In another comparative example (Comparative Example 2), a silicone rubber composition was prepared as above, but without the addition of the zinc carbonate powder. In yet another comparative example (Comparative Example 3), a silicone rubber composition was prepared as above, but in this case without adding the aluminum hydroxide powder and without adding the zinc carbonate powder. The properties of these compositions were measured as above, and the measurement results are reported in Table 1 as Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3. Example 2. The following were mixed to homogeneity into 100 parts of vinyldimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 10,000 mPa·s: 25 parts of fumed silica with a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g, 20 parts of aluminum hydroxide powder with an average particle size of 1 µm, 10 parts of zinc carbonate powder with an average particle size of 10 µm, 5 parts of hexamethyldisilazane, and 1.5 parts of water. This mixture was heated for 2 hours at 170°C in a vacuum to give a silicone rubber base compound. The following were then mixed to homogeneity into this base compound to give a silicone rubber composition: 1.4 parts of trimethylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer with a silicon-bonded hydrogen content of 0.7 weight%, 0.1 part of benzotriazole, 0.8 part of (corresponding to 30 ppm as platinum metal) of the reaction mixture 1 described in Example 1, and chloroplatinic acid (hydrosilylation reaction catalyst) in a quantity giving 10 ppm platinum metal. The viscosity and post-cure physical properties, flame retardancy, and electrical properties of the silicone rubber composition were measured, and these results are reported in Table 2. For comparison, a silicone rubber composition was prepared as above, but without the addition of reaction mixture 1 (Comparative Example 4). In another comparative example (Comparative Example 5), a silicone rubber composition was prepared as above, but without the addition of benzotriazole. In yet another comparative example (Comparative Example 6), a liquid silicone rubber composition was prepared as above, but in this case without adding benzotriazole and without adding reaction mixture 1. The properties of these compositions were measured as above, and the measurement results are reported in Table 2 as Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6. The measurement results reported in the tables show that our silicone rubber composition cures into a highly flame retardant product with excellent electrical properties. In contrast to this, the results for the comparative compositions demonstrate that our silicone rubber composition has flame retardancy and far superior electrical properties, compound to a silicone rubber composition lacking just a single component from among aluminum hydroxide powder, zinc carbonate powder, platinum compound/3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol reaction mixture, and benzotriazole. Because the claimed silicone rubber composition comprises components (A) to (H), and in particular because it contains components (G) and (F), this composition characteristically exhibits fluidity and an excellent moldability prior to its cure, and at the same time cures to give highly flame retardant silicone rubber moldings with excellent electrical properties. The preparative method according to the present invention is characterized by its ability to efficiently produce the claimed silicone rubber composition. Example 1 Comp. Example 1 Comp. Example 2 Comp. Example 3 dimethylvinylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylpolysiloxane (parts) 100 100 100 100 fumed silica (parts) 25 25 25 25 aluminum hydroxide powder (parts) 100 - 100 - zinc carbonate powder (parts) 15 15 - - dimethylsiloxane/methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer (parts) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 benzotriazole (parts) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 reaction mixture 1 (amount of platinum) (ppm) 30 30 30 30 hydrosilylation reaction catalyst (amount of platinum) (ppm) 10 10 10 10 Viscosity (Pa.s) 300 100 280 90 durometer (JIS-A) 50 38 47 35 tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ) 30 20 40 30 elongation (%) 480 200 400 200 flame retardancy (seconds) 0 30 20 did not extinguish electrical properties evaluation A (minutes) ≥ 360 360 280 40 evaluation B (minutes) ≥ 360 95 260 30 Example 2 Comp. Example 4 Comp. Example 5 Comp. Example 6 base compound (parts) 155 155 155 155 dimethylsiloxane/methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer (parts) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 benzotriazole (parts) 0.1 0.1 - - reaction mixture 1 (amount of platinum) (ppm) 30 - 30 - hydrosilylation reaction catalyst (amount of platinum) (ppm) 10 10 10 10 viscosity (Pa.s) 130 130 130 130 durometer (JIS-A) 30 30 30 30 tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ) 50 50 50 50 elongation (%) 650 700 650 600 flame retardancy (seconds) 2 28 17 50 electrical properties evaluation A (minutes) ≥ 360 80 150 140 evaluation B (minutes) 220 75 130 130

Claims: A silicone rubber composition comprising (A) 100 weight parts of a polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity at 25°C of from 100 to 100,000 mPa·s and average unit formula R 1 a R 2 b SiO (4-a-b)/2 , where R 1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group excluding alkenyl groups, R 2 represents an alkenyl group, a has a value from 1.90 to 2.05, b has a value from 0.0005 to 0.1, and a + b has a value of 1.91 to 2.06; (B) 10 to 60 weight parts of silica filler; (C) 1 to 150 weight parts of aluminum hydroxide powder; (D) 1 to 150 weight parts of zinc carbonate powder; (E) a polyorganohydrogensiloxane comprising at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule in a quantity that affords a value from 0.5 : 1 to 20 : 1 for the ratio of the number of moles of silicon-bonded hydrogen to the number of moles of silicon-bonded alkenyl in component (A); (F) 0.001 to 1 weight part of benzotriazole; (G) a reaction mixture of (a) a platinum compound and (b) 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, in a quantity that affords from 1 to 1,000 weight parts platinum metal for each 1,000,000 weight parts component (A); and (H) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst in a catalytic quantity. A composition according to Claim 1 where the silica filler has a specific surface area equal to or greater than 50 m 2 /g. A composition according to Claim 1 where the aluminum hydroxide powder has a particle size from 0.1 µm to 10 µm. A composition according to Claim 1 where the zinc carbonate powder has a particle size less than or equal to 100 µm. A composition according to Claim 1, where the sum of the weights of components (B), (C), and (D) is 50 to 180 weight parts per 100 weight parts of component (A). A composition according to Claim 1, where the polyorganohydrogensiloxane has a viscosity at 25°C from 3 to 10,000 mPa·s. A composition according to Claim 1, where the weight ratio of component G (a) to component G (b) is in the range from 1 : 0.1 to 1 : 100. A composition according to Claim 1, where the reaction mixture of component G (a) and component G (b) is added in a quantity that affords 10 to 200 weight parts of platinum metal, per 1,000,000 weight parts of component (A).

Inventors: MATSUSHITA TAKAO, SHIGEHISA YASUMICHI, TSUJI YUICHI, MATSUSHITA, TAKAO, SHIGEHISA, YASUMICHI, TSUJI, YUICHI
Applicants: DOW CORNING TORAY SILICONE, DOW CORNING TORAY SILICONE COMPANY LTD.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: C08L83
IPC codes: C08L83, C08K5, C08K3