Method for use in improving 2-D bar code print quality

Abstract: A method for improving print quality for a 2-D bar code includes determining (305) printer type, including print resolution, for a printer that will print 2-D bar code and entering (315) paper type for the envelope. A suggested 2-D bar code module size is calculated (320) based on the paper and the printer type. A test sample 2-D bar code is printed (320) at the suggested 2-D bar code module size. The printed test sample is scanned (335) and then evaluated (340) for print quality and readability. The method can also suggest (350, 325) a 2-D bar code module size to the user.

Description: The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code. Disclosed hereinbelow are systems and methods for generating and printing digital indicia and, more particularly, though not exclusively, such systems and methods for generating and printing information based indicia in postage metering system. The Information-Based Indicia Program (IBIP) is a distributed trusted system proposed by the United States Postal Service (USPS). The IBIP is expected to support new methods of applying postage in addition to, and eventually in lieu of, the current approach, which typically relies on a postage meter to mechanically print indicia on mailpieces. The IBIP requires printing large, high density, two dimensional (2-D) bar codes, such as PDF417 bar codes, on mailpieces. The requirements for printing a PDF417 2-D bar code are set forth in The Uniform Symbology Specification. The Postal Service expects the IBIP to provide cost-effective assurance of postage payment for each mailpiece processed. The USPS has published draft specifications for the IBIP. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM (IBIP) INDICIUM SPECIFICATION, dated June 13, 1996, defines the proposed requirements for a new indicium that will be applied to mail being processed using the IBIP. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM POSTAL SECURITY DEVICE SPECIFICATION, dated June 13, 1996, defines the proposed requirements for a Postal Security Device (PSD) that will provide security services to support the creation of a new "information based" postage postmark or indicium that will be applied to mail being processed using the IBIP. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM HOST SYSTEM SPECIFICATION, dated October 9, 1996, defines the proposed requirements for a host system element of the IBIP. The specifications are collectively referred to herein as the "IBIP Specifications". The IBIP includes interfacing user (customer), postal and vendor infrastructures which are the system elements of the program. The user infrastructure, which resides at the user's site, comprises a postage security device (PSD) coupled to a host system. The PSD is a secure processor-based accounting device that dispenses and accounts for postal value stored therein. The host system (Host) may be a personal computer (PC) or a meter-based host processor. The proposed IBIP Indicium Specification requires a minimum bar code read rate of 99.9%. The Specification places the responsibility on each IBIP vendor to meet such requirement. One of the issues raised concerning the proposed IBIP is the readability of 2-D bar codes printed on envelopes. Different printing technologies work well with different types of paper. One particularly bad combination is ink jet printing on porous paper, such as recycled paper. The ink spots tend to feather reducing the resolution and quality of the print. Thus, there is concern over of 2-D bar codes printed by ink-jet printers. Because the 2-D bar code comprises a lot of information, the quality of the print has a direct effect on the readability of the bar code. Furthermore, the print quality is affected by various printer characteristics which may be specific to each individual printer. In particular, since PC meter printers are not dedicated to printing postage indicia, such printers are not expected to meet any USPS requirements, such as the minimum read rate set forth in the IBIP Indicium Specification. A number of other factors, such as environmental conditions, type of ink and printer wear, can affect print quality. Thus, the readability of the 2-D bar code will be affected by the various conditions outside the control of an IBIP vendor. Reference is made to Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 016, no. 290 (M-1272), 26 June 1992 (1992-06-26) & JP 04 078551 A (NEC CORP), 12 March 1992 (1992-03-12), whose purpose is to reprint a barcode detected as unmatched, and print an error mark by providing an error mark addition device which attaches the error mark to a barcode detected as unmatched by a comparison device. To achieve this result, a barcode corresponding to printed barcode information stored in a storage device is printed on a label for printing attached to a roll paper using a printing device. The printed barcode is read immediately after printing using a barcode reading device. The barcode information which is thus read is compared with printed barcode information at a control device. If the information is found as unmatched as a result of comparison, it is interpreted as "print error" and is printed again using the printing device. Further, an error mark is printed on the label by an error identification marker. According to the invention from one aspect, there is provided a method for improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, the method comprising the steps of: determining, the type of printer, including print resolution for the printer that will print the 2-D bar code, and the paper type on which the 2-D bar code is to be printed, and calculating a suggested 2-D bar code module size based on the determined printer type and the determined paper type. According to the invention from another aspect, there is provided a method for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, the method comprising the steps of: scanning a mailpiece for the purpose of reading and verifying an indicium printed thereon, determining when print quality of the indicium on the mailpiece drops below a threshold value, notifying vendor or user when print quality drops below a threshold value, and recommending corrective action to adjust 2-D bar code module size in the indicium. According to the invention from a still further aspect, there is provided apparatus for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, comprising: means for determining printer type, including print resolution, for a printer that will print the 2-D bar code, means for inputting paper type, and means for calculating a suggested 2-D bar code module size based on the determined paper type and the printer type. According to the invention from yet another aspect, there is provided apparatus for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, comprising: means for scanning a mailpiece for the purpose of reading and verifying an indicium printed thereon, means for determining when print quality of the indicium on the mailpiece drops below a threshold value, means for notifying vendor or user when print quality drops below a threshold value, and means for recommending corrective action to adjust 2-D bar code module size in the indicium. The method and apparatus to be described allow customers to vary the 2-D bar code module size to increase the read rate for certain types of envelopes. For example, a user printing on a high paper quality envelope with an ink jet printer may choose a module size of .01" X .03" which the user determines provides a readable bar code. If the user changes to an envelope type of less paper quality, the user may increase the bar code size by switching to a .015" X .045" module size. This would have the advantage of making the bar code printed on the latter envelope more readable. With the disclosed method and apparatus a user is given control to increase and decrease a 2-D Bar code module size for an IBIP indicium. It has been found that this may allow the use of recycled paper (or other porous paper) envelopes with liquid ink jet printing. The user alters the module size (and thus the indicium size) which provides low resolution printing. Such user control is from the front panel for a mailing machine, or through the PC interface, such as the keyboard and display, for a PC meter. It is also possible for the USPS to provide feedback to the Vendor based upon print quality of verified indicia. The control process could be automated by using a test print function and a scanner. The test print function prints a series of bar codes (or a test pattern) which is then scanned back into the system. The system could then determine the smallest module size feasible for the printer printing on a particular type of paper. In an alternative embodiment the test pattern is sent to the Vendor which performs the scanning and evaluation, and then recommends module size to the user. In an alternative embodiment, a table of 2-D bar code module sizes corresponding to types of paper envelopes and printers is stored in the PC meter database whereby the user enters the type of paper envelope into the PC through the PC interface and the PC meter program, knowing the printer type, selects the appropriate 2-D bar code module size. According to one way of putting the invention into effect, the method includes determining printer type, including print resolution, for printer that will print 2-D bar code and entering paper type for the envelope. A suggested 2-D bar code module size is calculated based on the paper and the printer type. A test sample 2-D bar code is printed at the suggested 2-D bar code module size. The printed test sample is scanned and then evaluated for print quality and readability. The method can also suggest a 2-D bar code module size to the user. The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, given by way of example and taken in conjunction with accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram of one form of postal system in which the method and apparatus to be described operate; Fig. 2 is a flow chart of one form of process for choosing bar code module size; and Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an alternative process for choosing bar code module size. In describing preferred implementation of the present invention, reference is made to the drawings, wherein there is seen in Fig. 1 a postal system in which the present invention operates. A host PC 10 is coupled to a PSD 12 and a printer 18. The host PC 10 is a conventional personal computer system, generally designated 20, including processor, hard drive, display and keyboard. The host PC 10 may be coupled to a scanner 22. The host PC 10 is connected, for example, by modem, network or other communication means, to a data center 30. Data Center 30 may be coupled to a scanner 24. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a user pnnts on pnnter 18 a test print of a PDF417 2-D bar code having a predetermined module size. The test print is then inspected for errors. This can be done visually by the user, or with scanner 22. Scanner 22 may be a dedicated PDF417 scanner, or a standard PC scanner (either flatbed or handheld). If it is a standard PC scanner, the bar code is interpreted in the host PC 10. Once the bar code has been scanned it is checked for errors and overall print quality. The host PC 10 will then make recommendations based upon the print quality. The user can either accept the print, or adjust the module size and repeat the process. Referring now to Fig. 2, the process begins at step 200. At step 201, a menu of bar code module sizes is displayed on the PC meter display. The sizes are based on known printer/paper combinations, previously stored values, or a set of numeric choices based on printer resolution. At step 202, the user chooses a bar code module size The choice is made from the displayed menu, or may be made by entering a desired module size, for example, 0.01 X 0.03 inches. At step 203, the PC meter generates a predetermined test print message, in the form of 2-D bar codes, which is then printed, at step 204, on a sample envelope by the printer. At step 205, the user then causes the test print message on the envelope to be scanned into the PC which has print evaluation software stored therein. At step 206, the print quality of the scanned test print message is checked by the PC. Print quality is function of ink/envelope contrast, blurring of module edges, and other characteristics. One way of measuring print quality is the amount of error correction necessary to read a bar code. For example, a bar code, that requires the use of 20% of the error correction words to correctly read the bar code, is a higher quality print than one which requires 80% of the error correction words to correctly read the bar code. The vendor or user are notified when print quality drops below a threshold value. At step 207, the PC displays a list of suggestions from the print evaluation software. The print evaluation software may accept the scanned test message, may recommend larger or smaller print size, or may recommend other solutions to improve print quality. For example, the print evaluation software may suggest new toner cartridge (for a laser printer), clearing an ink jet head or changing paper stock. At step 208, the user either accepts the test print message and, thus, the current setting for 2-D bar code module size, or selects another size and steps 202 through 208 are repeated. If the user accepts, the print routines are configured for printing indicia on the type of envelopes tested. It is noted that steps 205 through 207 can be performed by the vendor when the user sends the test print to the vendor. It is further noted that the forgoing process should be repeated periodically to maintain a high print quality. Referring now to Fig. 3, an alternative embodiment is described. At step 305, printer information, i.e., printer name and resolution, is obtained from the PC operating system printer driver. At step 310, the user displays a list of known paper types on the PC. At step 315, the user enters the paper type into the PC. A software module in the PC, at step 220, calculates suggested module size based on the paper and printer information, and, at step 325, displays on the PC a list of module sizes and highlights the suggested one. At step 330, a test print message, preferably a 2-D bar code, is printed, and then scanned at step 335. At step 340, the scanned bar code is evaluated for overall print quality. If the print quality is not acceptable, the print evaluation software, at step 350, calculates new suggestions and steps 325 through 340 are repeated. If the print quality is acceptable, the resolution of the module size is set, at step 360, and the printer is ready to print indicia at step 365. It will be understood that steps 335 through 350 can be performed by the vendor when the user sends the test print message to the vendor. It is further noted that the forgoing process should be repeated periodically to maintain a high print quality. By way of example, one user printing on a high paper quality envelope with a laser printer may receive a recommendation to use a module size of .01" X .03". Another user printing on a medium paper quality envelope with an ink jet printer (a marginal combination), may receive a recommendation to use a bar code module size of .015" X .045" module size. The following are sample calculations demonstrating how the change is module size is determined. In a first example, the printer coupled to the PC meter is a 600 dpi laser printer and the paper type for an envelope is high quality paper. The desired resolution for indicium modules for such quality paper is .01" x .03". The calculation to determine module size is .01" x 600 dpi = 6 dots, and .03" x 600 dpi = 18 dots. Thus, the indicium module size for a 600 dpi laser printer printing on high quality paper would be 6 pixels by 18 pixels. In a second example, the printer coupled to the PC meter is a 300 dpi ink jet printer and the paper type for an envelope is medium quality paper. The desired resolution for indicium modules for such quality paper is .015" x .045". The calculation to determine module size is .015" x 300 dpi = 4.5 dots ⇒ 5 / 300 = .017", and .045" x 300 dpi = 13.5 dots ⇒ 14 / 300 = .047". Thus, the indicium module size for a 300 dpi ink jet printer printing on medium quality paper would be 5 pixels by 14 pixels, which is .017" x .047". It is noted that the module size is larger than the desired resolution because 4.5 dots and 13.5 dots are rounded to the next whole dot size. In addition to PC meters, the present invention is suitable for use on a mailing machine with a scanner and evaluation software, and on a mailing machine that uses a PC to scan and evaluate the bar code

Claims: A method for improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, the method comprising the steps of: determining (305, 315) the type of printer, including print resolution for the printer that will print the 2-D bar code, and the paper type on which the 2-D bar code is to be printed; and calculating (320) a suggested 2-D bar code module size based on the determined printer type and the determined paper type. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: printing (330) test sample 2-D bar code at the suggested 2-D bar code module size; scanning (335) the printed test sample; and evaluating (340) the scanned test sample for print quality and readability. The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising the further steps of: recommending (325) a suggested 2-D bar code module size to a user; and selecting the suggested 2-D bar code module size. The method of claim 2 or claim 3 as appended to claim 2, wherein the scanning and evaluation is done at a location remote from the printing location. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the evaluation is based on amount of error correction needed in reading the bar code. A method for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, the method comprising the steps of: scanning (205;335) a mailpiece for the purpose of reading and verifying an indicium printed thereon; determining (206; 340, 345) when print quality of the indicium on the mailpiece drops below a threshold value; notifying vendor or user when print quality drops below a threshold value; and recommending (207; 325) corrective action to adjust 2-D bar code module size in the indicium. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining when print quality drops below a threshold value includes measuring the amount of error correction used to read the bar code. The method of claims 1 to 5, comprising the further steps of: recalculating (350) the suggested 2-D bar code module size based on results from the evaluating step (340) when the print quality of the scanned print test sample does not meet threshold requirements; and repeating the steps of printing (330) scanning (335) and evaluating (340). The method of any one of claims 1 to 5 or claim 8, comprising the further step of: setting (360) resolution of the 2-D bar code module size when the print quality of the suggested size is acceptable. The method of claim 8, comprising the further step of: printing (365) indicia with 2-D bar code module size at the set resolution. . The method of any preceding claim, wherein the 2-D bar code is part of a postal indicia. Apparatus for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, comprising: means for determining printer type, including print resolution, for a printer that will print the 2-D bar code; means for inputting paper type; and means (10) for calculating a suggested 2-D bar code module size based on the determined paper type and the printer type. Apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising: means (18) for printing a test sample 2-D bar code at the suggested 2-D bar code module size; means (22) for scanning the printed test sample; and means (10) for evaluating the scanned test sample for print quality and readability. Apparatus for use in improving print quality for a 2-D bar code, comprising: means (22) for scanning a mailpiece for the purpose of reading and verifying an indicium printed thereon; means (10) for determining when print quality of the indicium on the mailpiece drops below a threshold value; means (10) for notifying vendor or user when print quality drops below a threshold value; and means (10) for recommending corrective action to adjust 2-D bar code module size in the indicium.

Inventors: RYAN FREDERICK W JR, SISSON ROBERT W, RYAN, FREDERICK W., JR., SISSON, ROBERT W.
Applicants: PITNEY BOWES INC, PITNEY BOWES INC.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: G06K5
IPC codes: G06K5