IMPROVED COFFEE MACHINE

Abstract: Espresso coffee machine of the type involving: a hot water/overheated vapour closed circuit, that is heated by a heat exchanger (2) in a boiling water boiler preferably under pressure (1), where said closed circuit (2, 21, 22, 23) passes at least in a delivering device (4) of percolation (43); a cold water circuit (3) that is injected in adjusted way (37) within said heat exchanger (2) to supply in said closed circuit the water delivered in said deliverer (4, 43), characterised in that said cold water circuit (3) is made substantially to pass (35) upstream of said percolation (43) in said delivering device (4) in a way adjusted to check on the exit temperature of the water/overheated vapour in said percolator (43).

Description: DESCRIPTION IMPROVED COFFEE MACHINE Technical Field This invention has for object a coffee machine, particularly for espresso coffee. The innovation finds particular even if not exclusive application in the machines for espresso coffee of bars, services and restaurants, not excluding that the innovation will be applied also to other coffee machines and similar also for household use. Background Art In prior art it is known that the coffee machine coffee includes a closed circuit of hot water / vapour overheated to about. 120°, that is made circulate for the respective heating, through an heat exchanger within an hot water boiler generally at 10 atmospheres and obviously at the temperature about 120° C. This hot water circuit is made pass through a deliver where takes place the percolation, measured by means of an electro-valve control. The loss of the hot water dose is normally integrated in turn with the addition of cold water by a nozzle within said heat exchanger, in this way the temperature of the hot water in recirculation is also adjusted maintaining it at an optimal value according to needs between 120 and 92°C. This solution however creates serious problems of failures to the percolation that takes place in the deliverer at a considerable distance and in a time decidedly subsequent respect to the cold water injection, that notoriously occurs, after there has been a coffee discharge, that is when the pressure is excessively reduced. The percolation processing is consequently not uniform, precisely because the temperature of the hot water during the percolation cannot to be rationally controlled with this method, with consequent decrease of the quality of the coffee that instead, as it is known, becomes optimal only at a well determined temperature of the water in percolation. Temperature control systems proved to be all artful, complex and little reliable and also poorly efficient. After attentive analysis of the problem it was verified that the main cause derives substantially in that when the hot water under pressure (overheated saturate and compressed vapour at about 120°C), is freed for the suitable dose from electro-valve into said deliverer, it gets free by decreasing the pressure and transforming itself progressively in vapour with temperature lowering for the known thermodynamics law PV (pressure x volume) =R T (constant x Absolute temperature). The lowering however cannot be checked in a precise way, so that in order to calibrate a machine, there must be an action upstream on the circuit in boiler as shown above. The consequence is that the at the exit temperature is not constant because it depends from the frequency of water injections and from the times that elapse between one injection and the other, thus, for example, a machine that works much will have a temperature excessively low of the vapour in percolation (also less than 90°) while when the machine works less it will give an excessive temperature. (The temperature generally oscillates in circuit between 120° C and 92°C) This oscillation is therefore harmful, not so much in itself but for the mentioned consequences . The aim of this invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks. This and other aims are reached as claimed by means of a coffee machine of the type involving: - an hot water / overheated vapour closed circuit, is heated by an heat exchanger in a boiling water boiler preferably under pressure, where said closed circuit passes at least in a percolation deliverer device; - a cold water circuit that is injected in an adjusted way within said heat exchanger to supply in said closed circuit the water delivered in said deliverer, characterised in that said cold water circuit is made substantially pass upstream of said percolation in said deliverer in a way adjusted thus to lower the temperature of discharge of the vapour overheated at the exact wished optimal temperature for the respective delivery/percolation. Advantageously the heat exchange within the deliverer takes place by means of the passing of a cold water tube upstream of the percolator and downstream the electro-valve that releases the predetermined amount of hot water. In this way the cooling intervenes immediately on the exit of the overheated saturate vapour jet, lowering its temperature in a controlled way, but always maintaining it within the optimal values. It will obtained in this way a controlled exit of vapour in percolation, at a temperature also controlled, neither too low nor too high. These and other advantages will appear from the following description of a preferred solution, with the aid of the included drawings, whose details are not to be considered as limitative but only supplied as an example. Figure 1 is a schematic view on the vertical transversal plane with respect to the boiler and to a deliverer. Figure 2 is a plant partial schematic view of the deliverer and of the cold water circuit which passes through it according to the present invention. Referring to the figures it is observed that with 1 is indicated the boiler, with 2 the heat exchanger within which the hot water passes, and within which it is injected by injector (37) to reset the necessary amount of cold water coming from the net (3). The hot water, from the heat exchanger (2), passes, through the duct (21), to the deliverer (4) that opens into a percolation device (43) for making the coffee and returns to the exchanger (2) by means of a return piping (23). On the inside of the deliverer (4), the hot water is sucked by an axial tubular nozzle (41), that brings to an electro-valve (42) for checking on and delivering by a discharge (25) in a pre-chamber that flows diametrically in a plenum chamber (26) and by a side duct (26) to said percolator. The cold water (3), by means of a cock valve (31), and a volumetric meter (32), according to the present invention, instead of going directly to the boiler (1) with the injector (37) within said heat exchanger (2), passes through the deliverer (4) just frontally to the exit jet of the hot water/vapour (25) of the electro-valve (42) and in front of said plenum chamber 26, by a passing-through small tube 35, interchangeable and fasteneable by annular head opposite screws with sealing gaskets (351,352). In this way, it will be sufficient to replace the heat exchanger joining small rube (35), by an other one of different thickness or of different diameter to vary the exit temperature of the overheated water/vapour, by means of the discharge duct (27), to the percolator (43). In fact in this way the jet will pass strongly at first from the electro-valve (12) to the plenum chamber (26), where the compressed air will deviate it toward the discharge duct (27) of the percolator (43), striking again the surface of said heat exchange small tube (35) and therefore reaching a temperature decidedly lower but within the range of 92°C for obtaining the optimal espresso coffee. Thus it is created a vorticose motion and there will therefore be a reduction of the temperature in a controlled and continuous way from 120°C to 92°C or other wished optimal temperature value. In fact for increasing the temperature of exit to the percolator, it will be sufficient to change the heat exchange small tube (35) rather than for example of 1 mm of thickness, with one of 0,5 mm of thickness, or any thickness gradation to vary considerably the few discharge degrees at the percolation. In this way without complicated mechanisms it is possible to calibrate the machine according to the own specifical needs, in optimal way. Advantageously the depth of penetration of the cold water injector (37) within the heat exchanger (2) in boiler (1) can as also be reduced, not requiring anymore to cool the water in this area, but providing it directly downstream before the exit. Of course the orientations of the holes in the cross prechamber can be selected as desired for specifical solutions. Similarly it will be possible to play also on the cold water passing diameters.

Claims: Claims 1. Espresso coffee machine of the type involving: - a hot water / overheated vapour closed circuit, that it is heated by an heat exchanger (2) in a boiling water boiler preferably under pressure (1), where said closed circuit (2,21,22,23) passes at least in a delivering device (4) of percolation (43); - a cold water circuit (3) that is injected in adjusted way (37) within said heat exchanger (2) to supply in said closed circuit the water delivered in said deliverer (4,43), characterised in that said cold water circuit (3) is made substantially pass (35) upstream of said percolation (43) in said delivering device (4) in a way adjusted to check on the exit temperature of the water / overheated vapour in said percolator (43). 2. Espresso coffee machine according to the previous claim, characterised in that the heat exchange within the deliverer (4) takes place by means of the passing of a cold water small tube (35) upstream of the percolator (43) and downstream of the electro- valve that releases the hot water predetermined amount (41). 3. Espresso coffee machine according to claim 1., characterised in that said heat exchange small tube before of the percolation (35) is interchangeable with different another one of different diameter and /or thickness to vary the respective heat transfer entity to the fluid passing to it externally. 4. Espresso coffee machine according to claim 1., characterised in that said heat exchange small tube before of the percolation (35), is placed in a cross prechamber between the discharge jet (25) of said electro-valve (42) and a plenum chamber diametrically opposite (26), and sideways to the exit jet (27) to said percolator (43).

Applicants: SAN MARCO SPA, LA SAN MARCO S.P.A.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A47J31
IPC codes: A47J31