CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES

Abstract: Ectoparasites such as blowfly, lice, keds, ticks and scab in animals such as sheep are controlled by diluting an aqueous emulsion concentrate of a substantially water insoluble insecticide in a delivery system to form a homogenous aqueous animal wetting solution containing from 25 to 500 mg/litre of an insecticide, and wetting the animal with an effective insecticidal amount of the solution. The concentrate delivery system contains a surfactant system and a co-solvent mixture of an N-C1 to C4 alkyl pyrrolidone and an N-C6 to C14 alkyl pyrrolidone. The insecticide may be a pyrethroid insecticide such as cypermethrin.

Description: "Control of Ectoparasites" Introduction The invention relates to the control of ectoparasites in animals and in particular to the prevention and control of blowfly strike and/or for the treatment and control of lice, keds and ticks and/or for the treatment and control of scab in animals, especially sheep. Currently, insecticides for controlling ectoparasites in animals are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates. On dispersion of such concentrates in water generally particles in the micron size range are produced. This particle size range adversely effects the spread of the insecticide on the animal. In addition, known emulsifiable concentrates are generally formulated using hydrocarbon solvents which in some cases are not environmentally friendly. This invention is therefore directed towards providing an improved method for preventing and controlling ectoparasites in animals and to an animal wetting solution used in the method which will overcome at least some of these difficulties. Statements of Invention According to one aspect the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling ectoparasites in animals by (a) diluting an aqueous emulsion concentrate containing 25 to 250 g/litre of a substantially water insoluble insecticide in a concentrate delivery system containing a surfactant system, and an co-solvent mixture of a N-Ci to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone and a N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone to form a homogenous, aqueous animal wetting solution containing from 25 to 500 mg/litre of the insecticide; and (b) wetting the animal with an effective insecticidal amount of said solution. Preferably the emulsion concentrate is a macroemulsion, hydrogel concentrate or, most preferably an aqueous microemulsion concentrate. The ectoparasites may be blowfly, lice, keds, ticks and/or scab. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the animals are sheep. Alternatively the animals are hooved animals such as cattle, goats, deer, horses or camels. The animals may also be domesticated pets such as dogs and cats. In the case of domesticated pets the concentrate may be formulated as in a standard pet shampoo formulation. In addition, the animals may be feathered animals, especially poultry. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the insecticide is a pyrethroid insecticide, especially cypermethrin. Preferably the concentrate contains from 50 to 150, especially approximately 100 g/1 of the insecticide. Preferably the wetting solution contains from 80 to 120, especially approximately 100 mg/litre of insecticide. This concentration is particularly advantageous for preventing and controlling blowfly strike and/or for the treatment and control of lice, keds and ticks especially in sheep. Alternatively the wetting solution may contain from 180 to 220, especially approximately 200 mg/litre of insecticide. This concentration is particularly advantageous for the treatment and/or control of scab, especially in sheep. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the animals are wetted by plunge dipping animals in the wetting solution. In this case the method preferably includes the step after dipping a number of animals, of topping up the dipping solution with a solution formed by diluting the concentrate at a dilution ratio of from 1:250 to 1:1000, preferably 1:500. In a particularly preferred aspect the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling blowfly strike and/or for the treatment and control of lice, keds and ticks in sheep by diluting an aqueous microemulsion concentrate containing approximately 100 g/litre of cypermethrin to form a homogenous aqueous sheep dipping solution containing approximately 100 mg/litre of cypermethrin, and plunge dipping sheep in the dipping solution. In another aspect the invention provides a method for the treatment and/or control of scab in sheep by diluting an aqueous microemulsion concentrate containing approximately 100 g/litre of cypermethrin to form a homogenous aqueous sheep dipping solution containing approximately 200 mg/litre of cypermethrin, and plunge dipping sheep in the dipping solution. In a further aspect the invention provides an animal wetting solution containing from 0.25 ppm to 50 ppm insecticide per kg body weight, derived from an ectoparasiticidal concentrate containing: 25 to 250 g/litre of an ectoparasiticidal insecticide; a co-solvent system of a N-C ! to C alkyl pyrrolidone and an N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone; and a surfactant system. Preferably the ectoparasiticidal concentrate is a microemulsion concentrate. The N-C; to Ct, alkyl pyrrolidone is preferably present in the concentrate in an amount of from 3 to 30, preferably 18 to 22 and ideally approximately 20 wt%. Preferably the N-C ! to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In a preferred embodiment of the invention one of the N- C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of from 2 to 15, preferably 8 to 10 and ideally approximately 9 wt% . Preferably the N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone is N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the surfactant system is a mixture of surfactants. Preferably the surfactant system includes an alkoxylated alkyl phenol which is preferably present in the concentrate in an amount of from 50 to 54, ideally approximately 52 wt%. Preferably the alkoxylated alkyl phenol is ethoxylated nonyl phenol . In a preferred embodiment of the invention the surfactant system includes a non-ionic surfactant which is preferably present in the concentrate in an amount of from 5 to 80, preferably 8 to 10 and ideally approximately 9 wt%. Preferably the non ionic surfactant is a difunctional block copolymer terminating in primary hydroxyl groups . In one embodiment of the invention the concentrate includes a buffer. Preferably the buffer is selected from one or more of a phosphated alkoxylated alkylphenol, a hydrophobic acid, or a hydrophobic base. Preferably the buffer is present in the concentrate in an amount of from 0.025 to 2 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, and ideally approximately 1 wt% . When the insecticide is an acid stable insecticide the buffer is preferably present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 3 to 6.5, preferably 3.5 to 5.5, and ideally approximately 4. The buffer may be a phosphated ethoxylated nonylphenol . When the insecticide is a base stable insecticide the buffer is preferably present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 8 to 9. The animal wetting solution may be in the form of an animal dipping solution, an animal pour-on solution, or in the form of a standard pet shampoo formulation. The invention also provides an ectoparasiticidal concentrate for use in forming an animal wetting solution of the invention. The formulations of the present invention have numerous advantages including at least one of:- lanolin wetting and spreading power; - extended insecticidal efficiency and animal protection to 8 weeks; formation of stable homogenous aqueous emulsions of water insoluble insecticides; complexing ability and compatibility of the co- solvent mixture with a wide range of insecticidal agents; and clarity and non-staining properties of the formulations . In particular, N-Cj to C 4 pyrrolidones have coating and insecticide complexing properties. N-C 6 to C 18 alkyl pyrrolidones have lanolin wetting and spreading properties and are capable of forming micelles when used in the present emulsion concentrates with the ethoxylated nonylphenol detergent and the ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer. Detailed Description of the Invention The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description thereof given by way of example only. The formulation given in the Example includes the following branded chemicals: Pluronic L31 (Trade Mark of BASF) is a difunctional block copolymer terminating in primary hydroxyl groups . It is a non-ionic surfactant. IGEPAL CO-630 (Trade mark of Rhone Poulenc) is an ethoxylated nonylphenol detergent and acts as an emulsifier. Rhodofac RE-610 (Trade Mark of Rhone Poulenc) is a phosphated ethoxylated nonylphenol buffer/emulsifier. The N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone used was AGSOL Exl available from ISP Europe. The N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone used was AGSOL Ex8 available from ISP Europe. Example A microemulsion concentrate was prepared as follows. Batch Size: 1000 Kg Quantity (Kg) Cypermethrin 100 . 000 ( 100% activity) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 197 . 580 N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone 86.330 Igepal CO-630 n 519.760 Pluronic L31™ 86.330 Rhodafac RE 610*" 10.000 The N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone is placed in a batch mixing vessel having a volume of 1200 litres and fitted with a propeller mixer. The N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone is then added to the batch vessel and the contents are mixed. The Igepal CO-630™ is then added to the vessel and mixing is continued. Pluronic-LSl™ is added to the vessel with continuing mixing. The Rhodafac RE 610™ is then added and mixing is continued for 30 minutes. Cypermethrin is prepared by liquifying at a temperature of from 37°C to 40°C. The liquified cypermethrin is added to the vessel and mixing is continued for 60 minutes. The pale yellow liquid thus formed is poured into multi- layered plastics containers having an internal polyamide layer. The containers are of 1 litre, 2 litre and 5 litre capacity. The co-solvents N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-octyl-2- pyrrolidone facilitate dissolution. The two surfactants, Igepal 00-630™ and Pluronic-L31™ form micelles when the microemulsion concentrate is added to water. These micelles provide a means of incorporating the active into an aqueous vehicle at a concentration greater than the solubility of the active. Rhodafac RE 610™ acts as a buffer. Cypermethrin normally has a solubility of from 0.01 to 0.2 mg/1 at 20°C. Using the microemulsion concentrate of the invention, however, a solubility of greater than 100 mg/1 can be achieved. The microemulsion concentrate has the following analysis: Cypermethrin (93%) (Cis/Trans 80:20) 10% w/w N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 19.758% w/w N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone 8.633% w/w Igepal CO-630™ 51.976% w/w Pluronic L31™ 8.6333% w/w Rhodafac RE 610™ 1.0% w/w The microemulsion concentrate is used as follows. A dip bath was filled with the required quantity (typically 1000 litres) of clean water. A measured volume of the microemulsion concentrate is poured into the water at a rate of 10 ml of microemulsion concentrate per 10 litres of water to achieve the desired strength of 100 mg/1. After thorough stirring, sheep are immersed in the bath until the fleece is completely saturated with the dip wash. The sheep's head is plunged under at least twice. If the volume of dip in the bath has fallen by no more than 10%, it may be replenished at a rate of 10 ml per 5 litres of added water. TRIAL 1 - Blowfly Myiasis Three separate farms and a total of 1500 sheep were involved in the trial. Adult sheep and lambs of mixed breeds were dipped for 30 seconds in a dip bath prepared as described above. Untreated animals were chosen at random and consisted of at least 10% of the trial groups. The overall percentage strike rate was as follows: Treated Sheep Untreated Sheep Farm 1 2.6% 28% Farm 2 2.7% 28.75% Farm 3 2.5% 23.8% The trial showed that the product is effective for 4-7 weeks in preventing the development of Blowfly myiasis of sheep. TRIAL 2 - Infestation with Psoroptes Ovis (Scab) 23 sheep were artificially infested with a medium virulent (CVL) strain of Psoroptes Ovis. The sheep were plunge dipped for one minute each, as described above. Lesion areas and mite burdens were determined on day 0 (pretreatment) and on days 27 and 58 post treatment. Observations on adverse treatment reactions were made immediately and at 6 and 24 hours after treatment. At the end of the trial, all sheep were crucially assessed and skin scrapings were taken from areas of lesion not responding to treatment. The product was found to be 91.3% effective in curing the infested sheep and 99.6% effective in reducing the numbers of infested sheep. TRIAL 3 - Infestation with Sheep Lice (Bovicola Ovis) and sheep ked (Metaphaqa Ovis) 10 fully fleeced sheep with lice and ked infestations were dipped as described above. Dipwash samples were taken. Live lice or keds were found on 2 animals 24 hours post dipping. No live lice or keds were found on dipped sheep 7 days post treatment. Treated sheep remained free of lice and keds for the remainder of the trial - 42 days post dipping. In contrast, untreated controls maintained moderate/high burdens of lice and keds for the trial duration. While the specific formulation refers to RHODOFAC RE610 as a buffer, it will be appreciated that the buffer may be selected from a hydrophobic acid or base alternatives such as nonylphenol phosphoric acid, tristearyl phenyl ethoxylated phosphonic acid and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. The insecticide matrix may require buffering to a pH of 3 to 6.5, preferably 3.5 to 5.5 or as close to pH 4 as convenient for acid stable insecticides and as close to pH 8 to 9 for base stable insecticides. Cypermethrin retention in the matrix has been investigated at different pH levels. It has been found that a pH of about 4 is most desirable for stability. It will be appreciated that while a microemulsion concentrate has been described, macroemulsions should not be excluded as these also give homogeneous dispersions, even though they are somewhat cloudy by reason of particle size >250θA. A hydrogel may also be used where a thickener such as hydroxy alkyl cellulose, CARBOPOL (Trade Mark), cross linked lower vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers (STABILEZE - Trade Mark) or [C π H 27 (OC 2 H 4 ) 9 ] m _ n PO(OH) n (where m + n = 3) are employed. These may be dabbed on infected areas for localised insecticidal effect or used as a pour-on. The invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described which may be varied in detail.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method for preventing and controlling ectoparasites in animals by (a) diluting an aqueous emulsion concentrate containing 25 to 250 g/litre of a substantially water insoluble insecticide in a concentrate delivery system containing a surfactant system, and a co-solvent mixture of a N-Ci to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone and a N-C 6 to C u alkyl pyrrolidone to form a homogenous, aqueous animal wetting solution containing from 25 to 500 mg/litre of the insecticide; and (b) wetting the animal with an effective insecticidal amount of said solution. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the emulsion concentrate is an aqueous microemulsion, macroemulsion or hydrogel concentrate. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the emulsion concentrate is an aqueous microemulsion concentrate. 4. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the ecto-parasites are blowfly, lice, keds, ticks and scab. 5. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the animals are sheep. 6. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the animals are hooved animals. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the hooved animals are selected from cattle, goats, horses, deer and camels. 8. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the animals are domesticated pets. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the domesticated pets are selected from dogs and cats. 10. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the animals are feathered animals. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the feathered animals are poultry. 12. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the insecticide is a pyrethroid insecticide. 13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is cypermethrin. 14. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the concentrate contains from 50 to 150 g/litre of an insecticide. 15. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the concentrate contains approximately 100 g/litre of an insecticide. 16. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the wetting solution contains from 80 to 120 mg/litre of an insecticide. 17. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the wetting solution contains approximately 100 mg/litre of an insecticide. 18. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15 wherein the wetting solution contains from 180 to 220 mg/litre of an insecticide. 19. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15 or 18 wherein the wetting solution contains approximately 200mg/litre of an insecticide. 20. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the animals are wetted by plunge dipping animals in the wetting solution. 21. A method as claimed in claim 20 including the step after dipping a number of animals, of topping up the dipping solution with a solution formed by diluting the concentrate at a dilution ratio of from 1:250 to 1:1000. 22. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the top up solution is formed by diluting the concentrate at a dilution ratio of approximately 1:500. 23. A method for preventing and controlling blowfly strike and/or for the treatment and control of lice, keds and ticks in sheep by diluting an aqueous microemulsion concentrate containing approximately 100 g/litre of cypermethrin to form a homogenous aqueous sheep dipping solution containing approximately 100 mg/litre of cypermethrin, and plunge dipping sheep in the dipping solution. 24. A method for the treatment and/or control of scab in sheep by diluting an aqueous microemulsion concentrate containing approximately 100 g/litre of cypermethrin to form a homogenous aqueous sheep dipping solution containing approximately 200 mg/litre of cypermethrin, and plunge dipping sheep in the dipping solution. 25. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the N-Ci to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the emulsion in an amount of from 5 to 30 wt%. 26. A method as claimed in claim 25 wherein N-Ci to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 18 to 22 wt%. 27. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the N-C, to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone. 28. A method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of approximately 20 wt%. 29. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 2 to 15 wt%. 30. A method as claimed in claim 29 wherein the N-C 6 to Cu alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 8 to 10 wt%. 31. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone is N-octyl-2- pyrrolidone. 32. A method as claimed in claim 31 wherein the N-octyl- 2-pyrrolidone is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of approximately 9 wt%. 33. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the surfactant system is a mixture of surfactants. 34. A method as claimed in claim 33 wherein the surfactant system includes an alkoxylated alkyl phenol. 35. A method as claimed in claim 34 wherein the alkoxylated alkyl phenol is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 50 to 54 wt%. 36. A method as claimed in claim 34 or 35 wherein the alkoxylated alkyl phenol is ethoxylated nonyl-phenol . 37. A method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the ethoxylated nonyl phenol is present in the microemulsion in an amount of approximately 52 wt%. 38. A method as claimed in any of claims 33 to 37 wherein the surfactant system includes a non-ionic surfactant. 39. A method as claimed in claim 38 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 5% to 80 wt%. 40. A method as claimed in claim 39 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 8 to 10 wt%. 41. A method as claimed in claim 40 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is present in an amount of approximately 9 wt%. 42. A method as claimed in any of claims 38 to 41 wherein the non ionic surfactant is a difunctional block copolymer terminating in primary hydroxyl groups. 43. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the concentrate includes a buffer. 44. A method as claimed in claim 43 wherein the buffer is selected from one or more of a phosphated alkoxylated alkylphenol, a hydrophobic acid, or a hydrophobic base. 45. A method as claimed in claim 44 wherein the buffer is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 0.025 to 2 wt%. 46. A method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the buffer is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 0.5 to 1.5 wt% . 47. A method as claimed in claim 45 or 46 wherein the buffer is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of approximately 1 wt%. 48. A method as claimed in claim 43 wherein the insecticide is an acid stable insecticide and the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 3 to 6.5. 49. A method as claimed in claim 48 wherein the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 3.5 to 5.5. 50. A method as claimed in claim 49 wherein the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of approximately 4. 51. A method as claimed in any of claims 43 to 50 wherein the buffer is a phosphated ethoxylated nonylphenol. 52. A method as claimed in claim 43 wherein the insecticide is a base stable insecticide and the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 8 to 9. 53. An animal wetting solution containing from 0.25 ppm to 50 ppm insecticide per kg body weight, derived from an ectoparasiticidal concentrate containing:- 25 to 250 g/litre of an ectoparasiticidal insecticide; a co-solvent system of a N-Ci to C / , alkyl pyrrolidone and an N-C 6 to Cu alkyl pyrrolidone; and a surfactant system. 54. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 53 wherein the ectoparasiticidal concentrate is a microemulsion or macroemulsion concentrate. 55. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 53 or 54 wherein the concentrate contains 25 to 100 g/litre of an ectoparasiticidal insecticide. 56. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 55 wherein the concentrate contains from 50 to 150 g/litre of an ectoparasiticidal insecticide. W - 20 - 57. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 56 wherein the insecticide is a pyrethroid insecticide. 58. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 57 wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is cypermethrin. 59. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 53 additionally containing a thickener to form a hydrogel . 60. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 59 wherein the thickener is a hydroxy alkyl cellulose, a cross-linked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic copolymer or an ethoxylated phosphoric acid compound. 61. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 60 wherein the N-Ci to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of from 5 to 30 wt% . 62. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 61 wherein the N-Cj to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of from 18 to 22 wt% . 63. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claims 61 or 62 wherein the N-Ci to C 4 alkyl pyrrolidone is N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone. 64. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 63 wherein the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of approximately 20 wt%. 65. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 64 wherein the N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of from 2 to 15 wt%. 66. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 65 wherein the N-C 6 to C 14 alkyl pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of from 8 to 10 wt%. 67. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 66 wherein the N-C 6 to C 1A alkyl pyrrolidone is N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone. 68. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 67 wherein the N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone is present in the concentrate in an amount of approximately 9 wt%. 69. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 68 wherein the surfactant system is a mixture of surfactants. 70. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 69 wherein the surfactant system includes an alkoxylated alkyl phenol. 71. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 70 wherein the alkoxylated alkyl phenol is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 50 to 54 wt%. 72. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 70 or 71 wherein the alkoxylated alkyl phenol is ethoxylated nonyl-phenol . 73. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 72 wherein the ethoxylated nonyl phenol is present in the microemulsion in an amount of approximately 52 wt%. 74. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 71 to 73 wherein the surfactant system includes a non-ionic surfactant. 75. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 74 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 5 to 80 wt%. 76. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 75 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 8 to 10 wt%. 77. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 76 wherein the non-ionic surfactant is present in an amount of approximately 9% w/w. 78. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 74 to 77 wherein the non ionic surfactant is a difunctional block copolymer terminating in primary hydroxyl groups. 79. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 78 wherein the concentrate includes a buffer. 80. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 79 wherein the buffer is selected from one or more of a phosphated alkoxylated alkylphenol, a hydrophobic acid, or a hydrophobic base. 81. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 79 or 80 wherein the buffer is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 0.025 to 2 wt%. 82. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 81 wherein the buffer is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%. 83. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 81 or 82 wherein the buffer is present in the emulsion concentrate in an amount of approximately 1 wt%. 84. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 81 to 83 wherein the insecticide is an acid stable insecticide and the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 3 to 6.5. 85. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 84 wherein the buffer is present in an amount to a pH of from 3.5 to 5.5. 86. An animal wetting solution as claimed in claim 85 wherein the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of approximately 4.0. 87. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 79 to 86 wherein the buffer is a phosphated ethoxylated nonylphenol . 88. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 79 to 83 wherein the insecticide is a base stable insecticide and the buffer is present in an amount to achieve a pH of from 8 to 9. 89. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 88 in the form of an animal dipping solution. 90. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 88 in the form of a pour-on formulation. 91. An animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 88 in the form of a pet shampoo formulation. 92. An anti-ectoparasiticidal concentrate for use in forming an animal wetting solution as claimed in any of claims 53 to 91. 93. An animal wetting solution for preventing and controlling ectoparasites in animals substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. 94. An animal wetting solution substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. 95. An anti-ectoparasiticidal concentrate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples.

Inventors: HANNA NOREEN, MCNALLY VINCENT, MORGAN JAMES PATRICK, NARAYANAN KOLAZI S, HANNA, NOREEN, MCNALLY, VINCENT, MORGAN, JAMES, PATRICK, NARAYANAN, KOLAZI, S.
Applicants: BIMEDA RES DEV LTD, HANNA NOREEN, ISP INVESTMENTS INC, MCNALLY VINCENT, MORGAN JAMES PATRICK, NARAYANAN KOLAZI S, BIMEDA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LIMITED, HANNA, NOREEN, ISP INVESTMENTS INC., MCNALLY, VINCENT, MORGAN, JAMES, PATRICK, NARAYANAN, KOLAZI, S.
Application year: 1997
Main classification: A01N25
IPC codes: A01N25