Filter

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio-frequency filter comprising a shell construction (2, 2a to 2f) and at least one bar-like coaxial resonator (3, 3a to 3d) in the shell construction. In the filter the resonator (3, 3a to 3d) is attached to a connection surface (2a) included in the shell construction (2, 2a to 2f). In accordance with the invention, the coaxial resonator (3) rests on a supporting means (4) which is attached to the same connection surface (2a) to which the coaxial resonator (3) is attached. The support (4) of the coaxial resonator (3, 3a to 3d) against this same connection surface (2a) is arranged in the essentially straight section (3d) of the coaxial resonator after the turning point (3c) of the coaxial resonator and/or in the area of the turning point (3c) preceding this essentially straight section (3d).

Description: The invention relates to a filter comprising a shell construction and at least one resonator in the shell construction, and in which filter the resonator comprises a turning point where the resonator turns backwards, and in which filter the resonator is attached to a connection surface included in the shell construction. Radio-frequency filters, such as resonator filters are used for implementing high frequency circuits in base stations of mobile telephone networks, for example. Filter constructions can be used, for example, as interface and filtering circuits in the amplifiers of transmitter and receiver units in base stations. There are several different types of resonator filters comprising a shell construction, or a body: e.g. a coaxial resonator filter and an L-C filter. The present solution partly somehow resembles coaxial resonators. In addition, for example, a helix resonator and a cavity resonator construction are known. All these resonator types comprise a metallic shell construction. In coaxial resonator constructions, for example, the shell envelops a conductor which is positioned in the middle of the shell and which is called a resonator or a resonator pin. In helix resonators the wire of the resonator is wound into a spiral coil. A cavity resonator only comprises a cavity. As the size of the equipments requiring filters has become smaller, it has become necessary to make the resonator small-sized. To reduce the space required by the resonator, a helix coil is used where the same operational length will be in a shorter space because the resonator in the helix resonator has been formed as a coil. A helix coil is, however, difficult to manufacture, and a further disadvantage is that it very difficult to attach to the helix coil a wiring connection or other such projection which is needed when the switching between two resonance circuits is to be adjusted. A further problem with helix resonators is that it is difficult to support them and carry out temperature compensation. References FI-80163, FI-80811 and FI-90157 disclose supports of helix resonators where the annular lower edge of the helix resonator coil rests on the surface to which the helix is attached. But as mentioned, it is difficult to support a helix resonator and the manufacturing of the actual helix is difficult in comparison to a bar-like resonator. In coaxial resonators, a resonator is normally a straight pin which is connected only to the bottom of the resonator. This type of resonator is long and thus takes up a lot of space. A coaxial resonator type, which is U-shaped, that is, it comprises a turning point, is known from US-3,706,948. Such a construction allows a smaller size but its manufacturing is problematic because the connection of the initial section and the support of the end section of the resonator will be on different surfaces wherefore the manufacture and installation of the filter will become considerably more difficult. The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of filter which obviates the problems associated with the known solutions. This object is achieved with a filter of the invention, which is characterized in that the resonator rests on a supporting means which is attached to the same connection surface to which the resonator is attached, and that the support of the resonator is such that the support of the resonator against this same connection surface is arranged in the essentially straight section of the resonator after the turning point of the resonator and/or in the area of the turning point preceding this essentially straight section. Several advantages are attained with the solution of the invention. The invention enables a small-sized resonator without needing to use a complicated helix construction. It is easy and economic to install the filter as the resonators can be connected to and rest on the same surface, that is, most preferably in practice on the bottom of the filter, and the walls and the cover of the shell construction can be positioned as separate sections on the bottom of the shell construction and the resonators on top of it. Applicant has observed that a good quality factor, i.e. a good Q factor can be attained with the new construction. The preferred embodiments of the invention and other details emphasize the advantages of the invention. The support of the resonator of the invention also allows the form of the resonator to be still easily manufactured and modifiable. Modifiability means that frequency bands settling at different frequencies can be implemented in such a manner that the length of the straight area which is the support area, or the length of the straight area which is after the support area, i.e. the end section of the resonator, is cut shorter or left longer. In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of the appended drawings, wherein Figure 1 shows a resonator of a single-circuit filter in its shell, Figure 2 is a side view of the resonator shown in Figure 1 on the bottom of the shell construction, Figure 3 is a top view of the resonator shown in Figure 1 on the bottom of the shell construction, Figure 4 shows a 4-circuit filter. With reference to Figures 1 to 3, it is first stated that the invention relates to an RF filter 1, i.e. a radio-frequency filter 1, comprising a shell construction 2 and at least one resonator 3 in the shell construction. The shell construction 2 comprises a bottom 2a, walls 2b to 2e and a cover 2f. The shell construction 2 defines a compartment 2g where the resonator is located. Both the shell construction and the resonator are naturally of an electroconductive material. The resonator 3 is formed for example of a thin copper wire having a thickness of 1.5 mm, for instance. The shell construction 2 may be of aluminium, for example. In the filter 1, the resonator 3 may be attached to a connection surface 2a included in the shell construction, which is formed of the bottom 2a of the shell construction in the preferred embodiment. The connection is carried out at a connection point 6. The connection point 6 can be a soldered joint, a screw joint or some other joint, or the resonator may be integrated as an integral part of the bottom 2a. In the drawings e.g. a soldered joint or a screw joint is used. It can be seen in Figures 1 and 2 that in some area after the initial section of the resonator 3, at the end section of the resonator at the latest, the resonator 3 rests on a supporting means 4 which is attached to the same connection surface 2a to which the resonator 3 is attached. The resonator 3 comprises an initial section 3a extending from the surface 2a, an intermediate section 3b, a turning point 3c where the resonator turns backwards, and an end section 3d. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the resonator 3 bears on the connection point 2a in the area of the turning point 3c of the resonator 3 and/or in the area after the turning point, that is, according to the figures, precisely in the area after the turning point 3c, that is, in the area of the end section 3d of the resonator 3 some distance after the turning point 3c. It can also be seen in the figure that in the preferred embodiment, the resonator comprises an initial section 3a extending from the connection surface 2a and in addition, a turning area 30 and an intermediate section 3b before said turning point 3c of the resonator. This kind of a resonator is easy to manufacture, and in accordance with the invention, it makes it possible to attach to and rest on the same surface, that is, in practice, the bottom 2a of the shell construction. The support 4 of the resonator 3 is such that the support 4 of the resonator 3 against this same connection surface 2a is arranged in the essentially straight section 3d of the I resonator after the turning point 3c of the resonator and/or in the area of the turning point 3c preceding this essentially straight section 3d. In one preferred embodiment of the invention the resonator is a hooked bar-like I resonator since the Applicant has observed that this provides a better Q factor than a strip-like construction, for example. A resonator formed of a sufficiently rigid metallic wire can also be interpreted as being hooked. As was mentioned above, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter is such that the connection surface 2a included in the shell construction 2, to which surface to the resonator 3 is attached and on which the turning point 3c and/or the section 3d of the resonator 3 after the turning point 3c rests, is the bottom 2a of the shell construction of the filter. In this case the manufacture and installation of the filter will be as easy as possible. In the filter, a temperature rise may extend the length of the resonator 3 and thus lower resonance frequency. On the other hand, a temperature rise may cause the end section 3d of the resonator to straighten and come closer to the bottom 2a of the shell construction, in which case the capacitance between the bottom 2a and the resonator would change as the distance becomes shorter. To eliminate these disadvantages, that is, to effect temperature compensation at the same time, the solution in the preferred embodiment of the invention is such that a supporting means 4 is used in the support between the resonator and the connection surface 2a (the bottom 2a), the supporting means 4 extending its length due to heat. Teflon is a suitable material for the supporting means 4. In the embodiment of the figures, the resonator 3 is positioned so that because of heat and straightening, the resonator 3 and the bottom 2a will come closer. In that case the solution in the preferred embodiment of the invention is such that the supporting means 4 extends its length due to heat, whereby the supporting means, such as a piece of teflon makes the distance greater between the resonator and the surface 2a, that is, the bottom 2a, compensating the disadvantageous effect in the opposite direction. It can be seen in the figure that in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter comprises a means 5 for adjusting the resonance frequency of the filter and that the means 5 for adjusting the resonance frequency of the filter is attached to the same connection surface 2a to which the resonator is attached and on which the turning point and/or the section of the resonator after the turning point 3c rests. In that case, all the important constructions, that is, the connection, support, temperature compensation of the resonator, and thus in this preferred embodiment also the means 5 for adjusting the resonance frequency of the filter are attached to the same connection surface 2a, that is, the bottom 2a. It can be seen in the figures that in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter is such that the section 3d of the resonator 3 after the turning point 3c is positioned close to the connection point 6, that is, the joint of the resonator 3 and its connection surface 2a. The initial section 3a and the end section 3d of the resonator are thus close to one another. The Applicant has observed that a better quality factor, i.e. Q factor is then attained. The Applicant has observed that a quality factor of over 1,400 can be attained with the method of the invention. For example, resonance frequency and the size of the resonator and the shell also have an effect on the quality factor. It can be seen in particular in Figure 3 that the resonator is a piece on one plane. This kind of a resonator is easy to manufacture and install. With reference to Figures 1 to 3, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the end section of the resonator is directed at least approximately towards the initial section of the resonator. The Applicant has noticed that in this way the quality factor, i.e. the Q factor is improved and the resonator is maintained on a plane. The embodiment of Figure 4 will be discussed in the following. Figure 4 shows a filter 101, which is a multi-circuit filter and comprises several resonators 102, 202, 302, 402, and a shell construction 103 comprising compartments 111 to 114, that is, a compartment for each resonator 102, 202, 302, 402. Each of the compartments 111 to 114 together with corresponding resonators 102, 202, 302, 402 form a specific resonance circuit. In a multi-circuit resonance filter construction, the resonance circuits are arranged to one another by means of a switching element so that the resonator construction realizes a desired frequency response in the frequency range. By means of the switching of resonance circuits, the resonance circuits are connected to the resonator circuit next in the switch diagram of the filter. Figure 4 also illustrates resonance-specific adjustment means 105 for adjusting the resonance frequency of the filter. Supporting means can also be seen there. Reference numeral 103a illustrates the bottom of the shell construction. With reference to Figure 4, in the preferred embodiment the end section of the resonator is directed past the initial section of the resonator. In this way a good quality factor, i.e. Q factor is attained. It can be seen in Figure 4 that in the preferred embodiment of the invention, different resonators are directed to the vicinity of one or more adjacent circuits of a resonator. Then it possible to carry out switching between adjacent resonator circuits more easily. The shell construction should have openings 200 between the compartments of the shell construction to enable switching between resonator circuits. The Q factor can be even further improved with some preferred embodiments of the invention and the construction of the resonator can still remain suitably simple to manufacture and install. In one such preferred embodiment the initial section 3a of the resonator is essentially straight as then the construction of the resonator will remain simple. Correspondingly and for this same reason in one preferred embodiment, the intermediate section 3b after the turning area 30 subsequent to the initial section 3a of the I resonator is essentially straight. In one such preferred embodiment, the initial section 3a of the resonator extends essentially at a straight angle outwards from the connection surface. Then there will be sufficient distance with respect to the connection surface 2a and the resonator is provided with more length. In another preferred embodiment, the intermediate section 3b of the resonator extends essentially in the same direction as the connection surface. In one preferred embodiment, the section 3d of the resonator after the turning point 3c extends essentially in the same direction as the connection surface 2a. In one preferred embodiment, the intermediate section 3b of the resonator is at least approximately at a straight angle with respect to the initial section 3a of the bar-like resonator. In one preferred embodiment, the intermediate section 3b of the resonator and the end section 3d after the turning point are essentially parallel, having a constant distance from one another. All the above preferred embodiments improve the advantages of the invention, especially with regard to manufacture, installation and the Q factor.

Claims: A filter comprising a conductive shell construction (2, 2a to 2f) and at least one resonator (3, 3a to 3d) in the shell construction, and in which filter the resonator (3, 3a to 3d) comprises a turning point (3c) where the resonator turns backwards, and in which filter the resonator (3, 3a to 3d) is attached to a connection surface (2a) included in the shell construction (2, 2a to 2f), characterized in that the resonator (3) rests on a supporting means (4) which is attached to the same connection surface (2a) to which the resonator (3) is attached, and in that the support (4) of the resonator (3, 3a to 3d) against this same connection surface (2a) is arranged in the essentially straight section (3d) of the resonator after the turning point (3c) of the resonator and/or in the area of the turning point (3c) preceding this essentially straight section (3d). A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator is a hooked bar-like resonator. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection surface (2a) included in the shell construction, to which surface the resonator (3) is attached and on which the turning point (3c) and/or the section (3d) after the turning point (3c) rests, is the bottom (2a) of the shell construction (2) of the filter. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a supporting means (4) is used in the support between the resonator (3) and the connection surface (2a), the supporting means being a supporting means (4) that changes its length due to heat for carrying out temperature compensation of the resonator (3). A filter according to claim 4, characterized in that the supporting means (4) is a supporting means that extends its length due to heat. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter comprises a means (5) for adjusting resonance frequency of the filter, and that said means (5) for adjusting resonance frequency of the filter is attached to the same connection surface (2a) to which the resonator (3) is attached and on which the turning point (3c) and/or the section (3d) after the turning point (3c) rests. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the section (3d) of the resonator after the turning point (3c) is positioned dose to a connection point (6) of the resonator and its connection surface (2a). A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator (3) is a piece on one plane. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the end section (3d) of the resonator, that is, the section (3d) after the turning point is directed at least approximately towards the initial section (3a) of the resonator. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the end section (3d) of the resonator, that is, the section (3d) after the turning point is directed past the initial section (3a) of the resonator. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter (101) is a multi-circuit filter and it comprises several resonators (102, 202, 302, 402). A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that different resonators are directed to the vicinity of one or more adjacent resonator circuits of a resonator. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator comprises an initial section (3a) extending from the connection surface (2a) and also a turning area (30) and an intermediate section (3b) before said turning point (3c) of the resonator. A filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the initial section (3a) of the resonator is essentially straight. A filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the intermediate section (3b) after the turning point (30) subsequent to the initial section (3a) of the resonator is essentially straight. A filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the initial section (3a) of the resonator extends essentially at a straight angle outwards from the connection surface. A filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the intermediate section (3b) of the resonator extends essentially in the same direction as the connection surface. A filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the section (3d) of the resonator after the turning point (3c) extends essentially in the same direction as the connection surface (2a). A filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the intermediate section (3b) of the resonator is at least approximately at a straight angle with respect to the initial section (3a) of the bar-like resonator. A filter according to claim 13, characterized in that the intermediate section (3b) of the resonator and the end section (3d) after the turning point are essentially parallel, having a constant distance from one another.

Inventors: KARHU KIMMO, KOTANEN ANSSI, PIRHONEN MARKKU, TIIHONEN MARKKU, KARHU, KIMMO, MR., KOTANEN, ANSSI, MR., PIRHONEN, MARKKU, MR., TIIHONEN, MARKKU, MR.
Applicants: REMEC OY
Application year: 1997
Main classification: H01P1
IPC codes: H01P1, H01P7