Apparatus for coating compressor pistons

Abstract: A piston (22; 69; 122) for a compressor. The piston (22; 69; 122) has a lubricating coating that slidably contacts with an inner surface of the cylinder bore (21; 121). A layer (43; 75; 143) is formed on the surface of the piston (22; 69; 122). The layer (43; 75; 143) is formed by transferring a liquid material to the surface of the piston (22; 69; 122) using printing techniques such as screen printing and roller coating.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to roller coating apparatuses for forming a coating on the surface of a compressor piston. RELATED BACKGROUND ART A typical piston type compressor employed in an air-conditioning system includes a housing and a drive shaft, which is supported in the housing. A swash plate is fixed to the drive shaft and supported so as to rotate integrally with the shaft. The housing includes a cylinder block. The cylinder block is provided with cylinder bores. Each cylinder bore accommodates a piston. The piston is coupled to a swash plate by means of shoes. A compression chamber is defined in each cylinder bore by the associated piston. The integral rotation of the drive shaft and the swash plate reciprocates the pistons. The reciprocation of each piston alters the volume of the associated compression chamber and causes compression of the refrigerant gas drawn into the compression chamber. A typical piston is substantially cylindrical. The outer surface of the piston contacts the wall of the associated cylinder bore. With such a piston, it is required that the space between the piston and the wall of the associated be sealed. Furthermore, it is required that the piston and the wall of the cylinder bore have an anti-abrasion property. The outer surface of the piston is coated by a material, the main component of which is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like to improve the sealing and anti-abrasion properties of the piston. The coating material is sprayed onto the piston. However, spray coating has the following disadvantages: (1) In addition to portions that require application of the coating, portions that do not require sealing and anti-abrasion properties are also coated. Furthermore, some of the coating material is dispersed around the piston and is wasted. (2) Each piston is provided with a seat to receive,the associated shoe. Since a clearance having a predetermined dimension must accurately be provided between the shoe and the shoe seat, it is preferable that the shoe not be coated. Application of a coating to the shoe seat changes the clearance dimension. Thus, the shoe seat is masked to prevent application of the coating. The masking process and the masking removal process increases the number of steps required during coating of the piston. (3) Peripheral equipment such as a protection fence must be arranged in the room in which the coating process is carried out to prevent the coating from being widely dispersed. Furthermore, the coating sprayed onto such peripheral equipment must be cleaned periodically. For the reasons described above, the application of a coating to the piston, increases costs. This leads to an increase in the price of the compressor. According to US 5,435,873, a machine 30 includes a rotary cylindrical matrix plate 34 with a matrix 38 which has a predetermined constant depth in the plate 34 which corresponds to the configuration and size of the piston skirts 12a and 12b of the piston 10. A rotary cylindrical resilient elastomeric tampon 50 is in continuous contact with the matrix plate 34. In the first operation step of the machine 30 the plate 34 is coated with lubricant from a reservoir 36. The rotation of the plate 34 through the reservoir 36 fills the matrix 38 with lubricant, wherein a doctor blade 44 scrapes excess lubricant away from the plate 34 so that the matrix lubricant layer 54 has a constant depth. The tampon 50 which rotates in contact with the plate 34 transfers the lubricant layer 54 from the matrix plate 34 to the piston 10. While the matrix lubricant layer 54 is being transferred to the tampon 50, the plate 34 rotates through the reservoir 36 again to form a second matrix lubricant layer 60. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide an apparatus for coating the piston in an accurate and inexpensive manner. The object is solved by a roller coating apparatus having the features defined in claim 1. Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principals of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features of the present invention that are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention, together with objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description of the presently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a double-headed piston type compressor according to a first explanatory example; Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the double-headed piston of Fig. 1,; Fig. 3(a) is a diagrammatic view showing a screen coating apparatus; Fig. 3(b) is a plan view showing the screen coating apparatus; Fig. 4 is a side view showing the piston before undergoing the grinding process; Fig. 5(a) is a diagrammatic view showing a roll coating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5(b) is a front view showing a printing roller of the roll coating apparatus; Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a single-headed piston type compressor according to a second explanatory example; Fig. 7(a) is a perspective view showing the single-headed piston employed in the compressor of Fig. 6; Fig. 7(b) is a plan view showing a screen coating apparatus; Fig. 7(c) is a front view showing a printing roller according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a single-headed piston according to a third explanatory example; Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a single-headed piston according to a fourth explanatory example; Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a single-headed piston according to a fifth explanatory example; and Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 in Fig. 10. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIAL EMBODIMENT A double-headed piston type compressor according to a first explanatoxy example will now be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. As shown in Fig. 1, a pair of cylinder blocks 11, which are made of aluminum alloy, are coupled to each other. A front housing 12 is coupled to the front end of the cylinder block 11 with a valve plate 13 arranged in between. A rear housing 14 is coupled to the rear end of the cylinder block 11 with a valve plate 15 arranged in between. A plurality of bolt holes 16 extend between the front housing 12 and the rear housing 14. A bolt 17 is inserted into each bolt hole 16 from the front housing 12 and screwed into a threaded hole 16a provided in the rear housing 14. Thus, the bolts 17 integrally fasten the housings 12, 14, the cylinder blocks 11, and the valve plates 13, 15 to one another. A drive shaft 18 extending through the center of the cylinder blocks 11 and the front housing 12 is rotatably supported by a pair of radial bearings 19. A lip seal 20 is arranged between the periphery of the front end of the drive shaft 18 and the front housing 12. The drive shaft 18 is operably connected to and driven by an external drive source such as a vehicle engine. Pairs of front and rear cylinder bores 21 extend through the cylinder blocks 11 about the drive shaft 18. A double-headed piston 22 is reciprocally accommodated in each pair of cylinder bores 21. In each cylinder bore 21, a compression chamber 23 is defined between the piston 22 and the associated valve plate 13, 15. A crank chamber 25 is defined between the cylinder blocks 11. A swash plate 26 is fixed to the drive shaft 18 in the crank chamber 25. The middle portion of each piston 22 is coupled to the swash plate 26 by a pair of shoes 27. Each shoe 27 has a convex surface 27a that is supported by a concave surface 42a of the associated piston 22. The oscillation of the swash plate 26 caused by the rotation of the drive shaft 18 is transmitted to each piston 22 by means of the shoes 27. This reciprocates the piston 22 in the associated cylinder bore 21. A pair of thrust bearings 28 are arranged between the cylinder blocks 11 and the front and rear sides of the swash plate 26. The crank chamber 25 is connected to an external refrigerant circuit by way of a suction port (not shown). A suction chamber 29 is defined in the center portion of the each housing 12, 14. A suction passage 31 extends through each cylinder block 11 and the associated valve plate 13, 15 to connect the suction chambers 29 to the crank chamber 25. A plurality of suction ports 34 and discharge ports 36 extend through the valve plates 13, 15 in correspondence with the cylinder bores 21. A suction valve 35 is provided for each suction port 34 in the valve plates 13, 15. Each suction valve 35 selectively opens and closes the associated suction port 34. A discharge valve 37 is provided for each discharge port 36 in the valve plates 13, 15. Each discharge valve 37 selectively opens and closes the associated discharge port 37. A retainer 38 is provided for each valve plate 13, 15 to restrict the opening angle of the discharge valves 37. When each piston 22 is moved from the top dead center position to the bottom dead center position, the associated suction valve 35 is opened. This draws refrigerant gas into the compression chamber 23 from the associated suction chamber 29. When each piston 22 is moved from the bottom dead center position to the top dead center position, the refrigerant gas is compressed to a predetermined pressure and then discharged into the associated discharge chamber 32. The discharged refrigerant gas is sent to the external refrigerant circuit through a discharge port (not shown). As shown in Fig. 2, the pistons 22 are substantially cylindrical casted products that are made of aluminum alloy. Each piston 22 has a first head 39, which is retained in the front cylinder bore 21, and a second head 40, which is retained in the associated rear cylinder bore 21. A recess 41 is defined between the first head 39 and the second head 40. A slot 42 is provided in the recess 41 to accommodate the swash plate 26 and the associated shoes 27. Opposed concave seats 42a are provided in the slot 42 with a predetermined interval therebetween. The convex surface 27a of each shoe 27 is supported by the associated concave surface 42a. The shoe 27 and the associated slot 42 form a swivel joint structure. Each piston 22 has peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a. The peripheral surface 39a includes a first surface 39b, which extends for 360 degrees in the circumferential direction, and a second surface 39c, which extends for less than 360 degrees in the circumferential direction to the recess 41. In the same manner, the peripheral surface 40a includes a first surface 40b, which extends for 360 degrees in the circumferential direction, and a second surface 40c, which extends in the circumferential direction only to the recess 41. A coating 43, the main component of which is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is applied to the peripheral surface 39a of the first head 39 and to the peripheral surface 40a of the second head 40. The thickness of the coating 43 is 20 to 40 micrometers. The coating 43 is not applied to the area between the heads 39, 40 nor to the end surfaces that do not contact the wall of the cylinder bore 21. The coating 43 improves the anti-abrasion property of the piston 22 and decreases friction between the piston 22 and the wall of the associated cylinder bore 21. Contact between the coating 43 and the wall of the cylinder bore 21 enhances the sealing of the space between the front compression chamber 23 and the crank chamber 25 and between the rear compression chamber 23 and the crank chamber 25. A method for applying the coating to the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a of the pistons 22 will now be described with reference to Figs. 3(a), 3(b), and 4. As shown in Fig. 3(a), a screen coating apparatus 45, is employed to apply the coating 43 to the peripheral surface of a piston workpiece 22W (the piston 22 before application of the coating 43). The coating apparatus 45 uses the screen printing method. In other words, the coating apparatus 45 transfers a coating material C to the peripheral surface of the workpiece 22W. The coating material C contains an adhesive such as a binder resin, a lubricant such as PTFE, a solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone, and a filler. The coating apparatus 45 is provided with a workpiece holder 46, a screen 47 having a meshed transfer pattern 47a, a drive mechanism 48, which moves the screen 47 in a linear manner and rotates the holder 46, and a squeegee 49, which wipes the upper surface of the screen 47. The holder 46 holds the workpiece 22W by clamping the ends of the workpiece 22W. The drive mechanism 48 incorporates a motor (not shown). As shown in Fig. 3(b), the transfer pattern 47a of the screen 47 is substantially formed in correspondence with a layout of the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a of the workpiece 22W. Accordingly, the transfer pattern 47a has first areas 47b, which correspond to the first surfaces 39b, 40b, and second areas 47c, which correspond to the second surfaces 39c, 40c. The coating material C is first applied to the upper surface of the screen 47 to form the coating 43. The actuation of the drive mechanism 48 rotates the workpiece 22W in a direction marked by an arrow and moves the screen 47 in the direction marked by an arrow, as shown in Fig. 3(a). The rotating speed of the workpiece 22W and the moving speed of the screen 47 is synchronized by the drive mechanism 48. The squeegee 49 is in contact with the upper surface of the screen 47. The workpiece 22W is held between the workpiece 22W and the screen 47. Accordingly, the movement of the screen 47 causes the squeegee 49 to apply the coating material C to the screen 47. The coating material C passes through the transfer pattern 47a of the screen 47. The synchronized rotation of the workpiece 22W and the movement of the screen 47 transfers the material C, which passes through the transfer pattern 47a, to the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a of the workpieces 22W. After transferring the coating material C, the workpiece 22W is removed from the holder 46. The workpiece 22W then undergoes a drying process to remove the solvent. The workpiece 22W also undergoes a calcination process to calcine the coating material C. This forms the coating 43, the thickness of which is, for example, 50 micrometers, on the peripheral surface 39a, 40a of the workpiece 22W. As shown in Fig. 4, a seam 43a, which is thicker than the other portions of the coating 43, forms at a position where the beginning and ending of the coating material C overlap. The workpiece 22W undergoes a grinding process to remove the seam 43a and grind the coating 43 to a predetermined thickness (20 to 40 micrometers). A grinding stone 50, which is shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 4, is used to grind the workpiece 22W. The thickness of the coating 43 is illustrated in an exaggerated manner in Fig. 3(a) and 4 to facilitate understanding. Referring to Fig. 4, the location of the seam 43a, or overlapped ends of the coating 43, is shown in relation to the rotating swash plate 26. Among the force components applied to the piston 22 by the swash plate 26 is a lateral component in the direction of rotation of the swash plate 26. As a result, the force between the piston 22 and the cylinder bore 21 is greater at the side of the piston 22 that transfers this force component to the bore 21. This side of the piston 22 is in the lower part of Fig. 4. It is preferred that the seam 43a be located opposite to the location where this force is applied as shown in Fig. 4. In other words, the seam 43a is preferably located on the side of the piston 22 where the swash plate 26 enters the slot 42 as opposed to where the swash plate exits the slot 42. As described above, the coating material C is transferred to the piston workpiece 22W by using the screen coating apparatus 45. This results in the advantageous effects described below. (1) The transfer pattern 47a enables the screen 47 to transfer the coating material C only to surfaces that need to be coated. Thus, the coating 43 is formed only on the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a. This eliminates the need for masking of the workpiece W as in the prior art. Thus, masking the workpiece 22W and removing the masking from the workpiece 22W are not necessary in this embodiment. Furthermore, the coating material C is used in an economic manner. In addition, the coating material C is not dispersed about the coating apparatus 45. This eliminates the need for peripheral equipment such as a fence to prevent wide-spread dispersion of the coating material C. As a result, the coating 43 is applied to the designated portions 39a, 40a in a conserved manner. These pistons 22 enable production of a more inexpensive piston and decreases the production costs of the compressor. (2) The coating 43 is not applied to the slot 42 of the piston 22. This maintains the predetermined dimension of the clearance between the shoe seats 42a and the shoes 27. (3) The transfer pattern 47a of the screen 47 is relatively simple to form even if the pattern is complicated. Accordingly, the coating 43 is positively applied to the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a. Pistons having different shapes may be coated in a similar manner by altering the transfer pattern 47a. (4) The seam formed by the ends of the layer of the coating 43 is located at a position on the piston 22 that receives a low force relative to other parts of the piston 22. This prevents peeling of the coating 43. A first embodiment according to the present invention will now be described. In this embodiment, a roll coating apparatus 51 is employed in lieu of the screen coating apparatus 45 to transfer the coating material C to the piston workpiece 22W. To avoid a redundant description, like or same reference numerals are given to those components that are like of the same as the corresponding components of the first explanatory example described above. As shown in Fig. 5(a), the roll coating apparatus 51 includes a pan 52, which contains the coating material C, a metal roller 53, a comma roller 54, a printing roller 55, a workpiece holder 56, and a drive mechanism. The cylindrical metal roller 53 is arranged to contact the coating material C in the pan 52. The comma roller 54 is spaced from the metal roller 53 with a predetermined interval therebetween. The printing roller 55, which is made of a synthetic rubber, contacts the metal roller 53. The workpiece holder 56 rotatably holds the workpiece 22W. The holder 56 and the rollers 53-55 are rotated by a motor incorporated in a drive mechanism 57 in directions indicated by arrows. As shown in Fig. 5(b), a large diameter portion 58 is provided on each end of the printing roller 55 in correspondence with the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a of the workpiece 22W. The layout shape of each large diameter portion 58 is substantially identical to the shape of the transfer pattern 47a of the screen 47 employed in the first explanatory example. Each large diameter portion 58 has a recess 60, which corresponds to the recess 41 of the workpiece 22W. The drive mechanism 57 synchronizes the rotation of the printing roller 55 and the workpiece 22W. This matches the positions of the recesses 60 of the printing roller 55 with the locations of the recesses 41 of the workpiece 22W. Actuation of the drive mechanism 57 rotates the rollers 53-55 and the workpiece 22W. This applies the coating material C in the pan 52 to the metal roller 53. The thickness of the applied coating material C is adjusted by the comma roller 54. The coating material C on the metal roller 53 is then conveyed to the printing roller 55. Only the large diameter portions 58 of the printing roller 55 contact the metal roller 53. Thus, the coating material C applied on the metal roller 53 is applied only to the peripheral surfaces 58a of the large diameter portions 58. The coating material C applied to the large diameter portions 58 is then transferred to the peripheral surfaces 39a, 40a of the workpiece 22W. The coating material C transferred to the workpiece 22W subsequently undergoes the drying, calcination, and grinding processes. In addition to the advantageous effects of the first explanatory example, this embodiment also decreases the running cost of the roller coating apparatus 51. A second explanatoxy example will now be described. A single-headed piston type compressor is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. As shown in Fig. 6, a front housing 12 is secured to the front end of a cylinder block 11. A rear housing 13 is secured to the rear end of the cylinder block 11. A crank chamber 25 is defined in the cylinder block 11 and the front housing 12. Cylinder bores 21 are provided in the cylinder block 11. A single-headed piston 69 is accommodated in each cylinder bore 21. A suction chamber 29 and a discharge chamber 33 are defined in the rear housing 14. A drive shaft 18 is supported by the cylinder block 11 and the front housing 12 by means of bearings 19. A rotor 61 is fixed to the middle of the drive shaft 18. The rotor 61 has a support arm 80. A swash plate 62 is fit to the drive shaft 18 and supported so that it is slidable in the axial direction of the shaft 18 and so that it rotates integrally with the shaft 18. The swash plate 62 is provided with connecting pins 63. The connecting pins 63 are fit into guide bores 81 that are defined in the support arm 80. The connecting pins 63 move through the guide bores 81. This changes the inclination of the swash plate 62. The abutment of the swash plate 62 against a stopper 65 restricts the swash plate 62 to a minimum inclination position. The abutment of the swash plate 62 against the rotor 61 restricts the swash plate 62 to a maximum inclination position. A pressurizing passage 66 connects the discharge chamber 32 and the crank chamber 25. A displacement control valve 67 is retained in the rear housing to open and close the pressurizing passage 66. The control valve 67 includes a solenoid 67a, a spool 67b, and a port 67c. When the solenoid 67a is excited, the spool 67b closes the port 67c. When the solenoid 67a is de-excited, the spool 67b opens the port 67c. A pressure release passage 68 connects the crank chamber 25 and the suction chamber 29. The control valve 67 is controlled by a computer (not shown) in accordance with the cooling load of an external refrigerant circuit. The pressure in the crank chamber 25 is controlled by opening and closing the pressurizing passage 66. This adjusts the difference between the pressure in the crank chamber 25 and the pressure in the cylinder bores 21. When the pressurizing passage 66 is closed, the pressure in the crank chamber 25 is released into the suction chamber 29 through the release passage 68. This causes the pressure level in the crank chamber 25 to decrease and approach the pressure level in the suction chamber 29. In this case, the swash plate 62 is maintained at the maximum inclination position. The stroke of each piston 69 is large when the swash plate 62 is located at the maximum inclination position. Thus, the amount of refrigerant gas discharged by the piston 69 is maximum. When the pressurizing passage 66 is opened, the high pressure of the discharge chamber 32 is communicated to the crank chamber 25. This increases the pressure in the crank chamber 25 and moves the swash plate 62 to the minimum inclination position. In such state, the stroke of each piston 69 is small. Thus, the amount of refrigerant gas discharged by the piston 69 is minimum. As shown in Fig. 7(a), the piston 69 includes a cylindrical piston body 70 and a skirt 72, which is formed integrally with the piston body 70. A shoe seat 71 is provided between the piston body 70 and the skirt 72. The peripheral surface 72a of the skirt 72 contacts the inner wall of the front housing 12 and restricts rotation of the piston 69. A ring groove 73 extends circumferentially about the distal end of the piston body 70. Lubricating oil, which is suspended in the refrigerant gas, collects on the wall of the cylinder bore 21. As the piston 69 reciprocates, the lubricating oil on the bore wall is collected in the ring groove 73. A linear groove 74 extends in the axial direction along the peripheral surface 70a of the piston body 70 toward the skirt 72 from the vicinity of the ring groove 73. The linear groove 74 guides the lubricating oil collected in the ring groove 73 toward the crank chamber 25. The grooves 73, 74 enable sufficient lubrication of various moving parts, such as the bearings 19, in the crank chamber 25. The screen coating apparatus 45 employed in this explanatory example to transfer the coating material C to a piston workpiece 69W is similar to that employed in the first explanatory example. As shown in Fig. 7(b), a transfer pattern 78a differing from the pattern of the first explanatory example is used in this embodiment. The transfer pattern 78a is formed on the screen 78 in correspondence with a layout of the outer surface of the piston body 70. The transfer pattern 78a blocks the transfer of the coating material C at portions that correspond to the ring groove 73 and the linear groove 74. In other words, the screen 78 includes a first mask 78b, which masks the ring groove 73, and second masks 78c, which mask the linear groove 74. The movement of the screen 78 and the rotation of the workpiece 69W is synchronized to match the first and second masks 78b, 78c with the associated grooves 73, 74. The employment of the coating apparatus 45 using the transfer pattern 78a positively transfers the coating material C only to the peripheral surface 70a of the workpiece 69W. The workpiece 69W then undergoes the drying, calcination, and grinding processes to form a coating 75, which has a predetermined thickness, on the peripheral surface 70a. The advantageous effects obtained in the above explanatory example is also obtained in this explanatory example. The seam formed by the ends of the coating 75 is preferably located on the side of the piston 69 where the swash plate 62 enters the piston 69, and also, the seam should preferably be located at a position that is angularly spaced from the lines of intersection between the outer surface of the piston 69 and a plane that contains both the axis of the drive shaft 18 and the axis of the piston 69. This is because the forces between the piston 69 and the bore 21 are relatively higher along such lines of intersection. In other words, the seam should be located where the forces applied to the piston surface is relatively weaker to avoid peeling of the coating 75. A second embodiment according to the present invention will now be described with reference to Fig. 7(c). In this embodiment, the coating material C is transferred to the piston workpiece 69W by employing a roll coating apparatus 51 like that of the first embodiment. The printing roller 79 and the workpiece 69W are shown in Fig. 7(c). The layout shape of the peripheral surface 79a of the printing roller 79 is the same as that of the transfer pattern 78a on the screen 78. A first groove 79b corresponding to the ring groove 73 and a second groove 79c corresponding to the linear groove 74 are provided in the peripheral surface 79a. The first and second grooves 79b, 79c prevent the coating material from entering the grooves 73, 74 of the workpiece 69W. The ring groove 73 and the linear groove 74 may be formed on the workpiece 69W before application of the coating material C. As another option, the coating material C may be applied to the workpiece W so as to form the grooves 73, 74. In the latter case, a piston workpiece, which does not have grooves, is used. The coating 43 is applied to positions that exclude portions corresponding to the grooves. This enables formation of grooves having a depth equal to the thickness of the coating 43. A third explanatory example will now be described with reference to Fig. 8. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to the single-headed piston 69 shown in Fig. 8. The piston 69 is lightweight due to a hollow portion 77 provided therein. The shape of the piston 69 is complicated due to the hollow portion 77. However, the employment of the coating apparatus 45 or the roll coating apparatus 51 of the above embodiments enables the coating material C to be transferred to the designated portions of the peripheral surface 70a in a conserved manner. A fourth explanatory example will now be described with reference to Fig. 9. This explanatory example is applied to the single-headed piston 69 shown in Fig. 9. In the piston 69 having the illustrated shape, the employment of the coating apparatus 45 or the roll coating apparatus 51 of the above explanatory example or embodiment enables the coating material C to be transferred to the designated portions of the peripheral surface 70a in a conserved manner. A firth explanatory example will now be described with reference to Figs. 10 and 11. This explanatory example is applied to a piston 122, which is employed in the compressor of the first explanatory example. The shape of the piston 122 differs from the shape of those employed in the above explanatory examples and embodiments. As shown in Figs. 10 and 11, a piston 122 includes a workpiece 122W, which has two heads 122a, and a coating 143, which is applied to the peripheral surface of each head 122a. To apply the coating 143 on each head 122a, either the coating apparatus 45 or the roll coating apparatus 51 employed in the above explanatory example or embodiment is used. A spraying method may also be employed to apply the coating 143. A seal surface 144 is defined on the surface of the coating 143. As the piston 122 reciprocates, the seal surface 144 slides against the wall 21a of the cylinder bore 21. The seal surface 144 includes a first surface 145, which extends continuously for 360 degrees in the circumferential direction of the piston 122, and a second surface 146, which extends in the circumferential direction only as far as a recess 141. The radius of the first surface 145 is constant. The second surface 146, however, is tapered. The radius of the second surface 146 becomes smaller at locations farther from the first surface 145. The clearance between the bore wall 121a and the first surface 145 is substantially constant. The clearance between the bore wall 121a and the second surface 146 increases at locations farther from the first surface 121a. The clearance is about 100 micrometers at its maximum. In compressors that employ pistons having a constant radius, the peripheral surface, or seal surface, of each piston slides against the wall of the associated cylinder bore. The sliding seals the space between the seal surface and the bore surface. The mist-like lubricating oil drawn into the compressor enters the clearance between the seal surface and the bore surface. This forms an oil film in the clearance. The oil film reduces friction and abrasion produced between the seal surface and the bore surface. To ensure the sealing between the seal surface and the bore surface, the dimension of the clearance is minimized. However, this makes it difficult to draw the lubricating oil into the clearance and form the oil film. This problem is solved in this explanatory example by increasing the clearance at the crank chamber side of the piston between the bore wall 121a and the seal surface 144. Therefore, when the piston 22 moves from the top dead center position to the bottom dead center position, the mist-like lubricating oil suspended in the refrigerant gas and the lubricating oil on the bore wall 21a are efficiently drawn into the clearance between the seal surface 144 and the bore surface 121a. This reduces the friction produced between the seal surface 144 and the bore surface 121a and abrasion of the surfaces 121a, 144. The reduction of friction positively prevents seizure of the piston 122. The decrease in abrasion maintains satisfactory sealing of the compressor chamber 23 over a long period of time. Furthermore, the sliding of the first surface 145 against the bore surface 121a securely seals the recess 141 from the compression chamber 23. The piston workpiece 22W is tapered to taper the seal surface 146. The employment of the tapered workpiece 22W facilitates application of the coating in comparison with tapering the seal surface 146 by gradually varying the thickness of the coating on a piston having a constant radius. (1) In the pistons 69, which are shown in Figs. 7 to 9, the peripheral surface 72a of the skirt 72 contacts the inner wall of the housing 12. Therefore, the coating may also be applied to the peripheral surface 72a by either the coating apparatus or the roll coating apparatus. In this case, the coating of the peripheral surface 72a and the coating of the peripheral surface 70a are carried out in different processes. When employing the screen coating apparatus 45, the coating material C is transferred to the piston workpiece 69W by flexing the screen without rotating the workpiece 69W. (2) Instead of using PTFE as the material of the coatings 43, 75, 143, polyimide resin or polyamideimide resin, may be used. Furthermore, a material having antifriction and anti-abrasion properties, such as a mixture of molybdenum disulfide and graphite may be applied to the material of the coatings 43, 75, 143. (3) In the roll coating apparatus 51, the thickness of the applied coating material C is adjusted by the comma roller 54. However, an air knife or a doctor knife may be used in lieu of the comma roller 54. In this case, the knife is arranged above the metal roller 53, the printing roller 55, or the piston workpiece 22W. (4) In the roll coating apparatus 51, the metal roller 53 may be eliminated. In this case, a portion of the printing roller 55 is dipped into the coating material C contained in the pan 52. The comma roller 55 is spaced from the printing roller 55 by a predetermined interval. (5) In the fifth explanatory example, the second surface 146 of the piston workpiece 122W may have a constant radius. In this case, the tapered surface is formed by varying the thickness of the coating 43 applied to the second surface 146. (6) In the fifth explanatory example, the second surface 146 may have a constant radius while the first surface 145 has a smaller radius. The clearance between the bore surface 121a and the first surface 145 widens at the compression chamber side. Furthermore, both the first surface 145 and the second surface 146 may be tapered. In this case, sealing is ensured by the section between the first surface 145 and the second surface 146. (7) In the fifth explanatory example, the radius of the second surface 146 becomes smaller at a constant rate. However, the radius of the second surface 146 may also become smaller at a different rate. (8) If the radius of the second surface 146 is smaller than that of the first surface 145, the radius of the second surface 146 may be constant. This forms the seal surface 144 in a two-step manner. The second surface 146 may also be formed in a manner so that it has more than two steps. Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: Roller coating apparatus for forming a coating on the surface of a piston (22) accommodated in a cylinder bore (21) of a compressor, wherein a printing roller (55) is opposed to the cylindrical surface of the piston (22) for transferring liquid material from the printing roller (55) to an outer surface of the piston, characterized in that a recess (60), which does not form a layout shape of the printing roller (55; 79), is provided on the printing roller. Roller coating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid material supplier for supplying liquid material to the printer roller (55) such that the liquid material adheres to the coating surface of the printing roller (55) and wherein the printing roller and the piston (22) are supported in close proximity and are rotated so that the speed of the coating surface substantially matches that of the outer surface of the layout shape (40a, 39a, 41) to transfer a pattern matching the coating surface of the printing roller (55) onto the outer surface of the layout shape (40a, 39a, 41) of the piston (22). Roller coating apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising an adjusting member for contacting the coating and thereby regulating its thickness, wherein the adjusting member is located in close proximity to the printer roller (55), and wherein the position of the adjusting member is adjustable. Roller coating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the printing roller and the piston are rotated in the same direction.

Inventors: FUKUSHIMA SHIGEO, IKEDA HAYATO, KATO TAKAYUKI, SUGIOKA TAKAHIRO, TAKAMATSU MASATO, TAKASHIMA TETSUYA, TAKEICHI TORU, YOKOI MASANOBU, FUKUSHIMA, SHIGEO, IKEDA, HAYATO, KATO, TAKAYUKI, SUGIOKA, TAKAHIRO, TAKAMATSU, MASATO, TAKASHIMA, TETSUYA, TAKEICHI, TORU, YOKOI, MASANOBU
Applicants: TOYOTA JIDOSHOKKI KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOYOTA JIDOSHOKKI
Application year: 1997
Main classification: F04B1
IPC codes: B05C1, F04B39, F04B27