PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES AS NEUROKININ ANTAGONISTS

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein X, i, j, n, n', A, A', R2, R3, and U are as decribed herein. The compounds of the invention are NK1 or NK2 or NK3 receptor antagonists and as such are useful in the treatment of diseases such as asthma.

Description: PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES AS NEUROKININ ANTAGONISTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a genus of compounds useful as antagonists of neurokinin receptors. In particular, these can be neurokinin-1 receptor (NKi) antagonists, neurokinin-2 receptor (NK2) antagonists, and neurokinin-3 receptor (NK 3 ) antagonists,. Neurokinin receptors are found in the nervous system and the circulatory system and peripheral tissues of mammals, and therefore are involved in a variety of biological processes. Neurokinin receptor antagonists are consequently expected to be useful in the treatment or prevention of various mammalian disease states, for example asthma, cough, bronchospasm, inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, migraine, nociception, and various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease. In particular, NKi receptors have been reported to be involved in microvascular leakage and mucus secretion, and NK2 receptors have been associated with smooth muscle contraction, making NK-i and NK2 receptor antagonists especially useful in the treatment and prevention of asthma. Summary of the Invention The invention relates to compounds of the formula wherein each i and j is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2; each n is independently selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3; and each n' is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 , 2 and 3; wherein A and A' are H, or A and A' taken together are =0, =S; or =N-R_4; X is selected from the group consisting O, CO, C(R, Rι), NRι, and S(0) β wherein e is 0, 1 , or 2; R is selected from the group consisting of H, ORβ, CON(Rβ)2, CN, S(0) e R 8 . SO e N(R8)2, C0 2 R8, and NR4COR8; R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, (Cι-C-6)-alkyl (C3-C8)- cyclo-alkyl, R2, R 3 , R5, Re and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, (Cι-Cβ)-alkyl, CF3, C2F5, ORβ, CORβ, CO2R 8 , CON(R 8 , R 8 ), N(R 8 , R 8 ), N(Rβ)COR8, S(0) Θ R 8 , OC(0)R4, OC(0)N(R 8 , R ), NR8CO2R4, NR 8 (CO)N(R 8 ,R8), Ri5-phenyl, R 15 .benzyl, N0 , NRβS02R4, -S(0)2N(Rβ)2 or when R2 and R3 or any two of R5 , R 6 and R7 are on adjacent carbons they may form a -O-CH2-O- group; each R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, and substituted benzyl; each Re is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, and substituted benzyl; each R- 1 5 is independently H, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy; and U is (A) (B) ( c) i i n" is independently selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3; the dashed line is an optional carbon-carbon bond; Ri6 is H, (Cι-C 6 )-alkyl, -S(0) 2 R4. COR 8 , CO2R4, CON(R 8 ) 2 , Ri5.phenyl or R-js-benzyl. Substituted means substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of H, (Ci-Cβ) alkyl, OCF 3 , CF 3 , and C2F5. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein i is 1 and j is 1. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n is 1 , π" is 0, 1 , or 2, and n* is 1. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n, n 1 and n" are all 1. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n and n' are both 1 and n" is 0. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n and n' are both 1 and n" is 2. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein A and A' are both H. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein A and A 1 taken together are =0. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein X is C(R, Rι). Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein R is ORβ, CON(Rβ)2, CN, or NR 8 COR 8 . Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein X is NR-|. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein Ri is Also preferred are compounds of formula I, where n is 0 or 1 and Re is H. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein R2, R3, R5, Re and R7 are H, halogen, C-1-C-6 alkyl, CF3, OR 8 , CORβ, Cθ2R 8 . Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein R16 is H or alkyl . Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein each R 8 is H, Ci-Cβ alkyl, or Ris-phenyl Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein R 8 is H or substituted alkyl. Also preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein U is (A) (B) (C) , or (D) Exemplary compounds of the invention are the following, as well s pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: Cl Cl The invention also relates to a composition comprising a neurokinin antagonistic effective amount of a compound according to formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier material. The ._ invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also relates to a method for inducing neurokinin antagonism which comprises administering a neurokinin antagonistic effective amount of a compound according to formula I to a mammal in need thereof. The invention also relates to a method for treating chronic airway diseases such as asthma and allergies; inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis; migraine; central nervous system disorders such as depression, psychosis, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease; Down's syndrome; neuropathy; multiple sclerosis; ophthalmic disorders; conjunctivitis; auto immune disorders; graft rejection; systemic lupus erythematosus; Gl disorders such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; disorders of bladder function; circulatory disorders such as angina; Raynaud's disease; coughing and pain. In particular, the invention also relates to a method of treating asthma which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an anti-asthma effective amount of a compound of formula I for such purpose. Detailed Description of the Invention As used herein the term alkyl means a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon chain having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms may be designated. For example, "Ci-Cβ alkyl" represents a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The term alkenyl means a straight or branched, saturated alkenyl having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms may be designated. For example, "C2-C6 alkenyl" represents a straight or branched alkenyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Asymmetric centers exist in compounds of formula I of the invention. Accordingly, compounds of formula I include stereoisomers. All such isomeric forms and mixtures thereof are within the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the methods of preparation disclosed herein may result in product distributions which include all possible structural isomers, although it is understood that physiological response may vary according to stereochemical structure. The isomers may be separated by conventional means such as fractional crystallization, preparative plate or column chromatography on silica, alumina, or reversed phase supports or HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Enantiomers may be separated, where appropriate, by derivatization or salt formation with an optically pure reagent, followed by separation by one of the aforementioned methods. Alternatively, enantiomers may be separated by chromatography on a chiral support. The compounds of formula I can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms, e.g. the hemihydrate. In general, the solvated forms, with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like are equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the invention. Those compounds of formula I which contain a basic group such as -CH2NH2, form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts are nontoxic acid addition salts formed by adding to a suitable compound of the invention about a stoichiometric amount of a mineral acid , such as HCI, HBr, H2SO 4 or H3PO4 or of an organic acid such as acetic, propionic, valeric, oleic, palmitic, stearic, lauric, benzoic, lactic, para-toluenesulfonic, methane sulfonic, citric, maleic, fumaric, succinic and the like, respectively. General Methods of Preparation The compounds of this invention may be prepared by one of the following general methods. Unless otherwise indicated, variables in the structural formulas below are as defined above. The compounds of the present invention may be prepared from an appropriately substituted benzaldehyde as shown in Scheme 1 or from an appropriately substituted phenylacetic acid as shown in Scheme 2. Methods for preparing the compounds of the present invention are illustrated in the following Schemes and examples. The compounds of the present invention may be prepared from an appropriately substituted benzaldehyde as shown in Scheme 1 or from an appropriately substituted phenylacetic acid as shown in Scheme 2. Thus, as shown in Scheme 1, a benzaldehyde A is condensed with ethylacetoacetate in the presence of a base, for example an amine base such as piperidine, in a suitable solvent, for example an alcohol such as ethanol, as described in J. Indian Chem. Soc, 1976, 53, 1122, to give a bisacetoacetate B. Hydrolysis of B under strongly basic conditions using sodium hydroxide in an aqueous alcoholic solvent gives diacid C. Dehydration of C using an appropriate dehydrating agent, for example dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or acetyl chloride, then gives the substituted glutaric anhydride D. Treatment of anhydride D with an aniline or an arylalkylamine E in a suitable solvent, for example a halogenated solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a suitable base, for example triethylamine or N,N- dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), gives acid F. Reduction of the carboxylic acid function of F using a suitable reduction procedure, for example via the corresponding imidazolide or carbonic mixed anhydride and treatment with aqueous sodium borohydride, gives alcohol G. The alcohol G may then be converted to its corresponding halide or sulfonate H, for example by treatment with a sulfonyl halide in the presence of a base such as pyridine. Intermediate H may then be condensed with heterocyclic amine I in a suitable solvent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of a base, for example potassium carbonate or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, if desired to give J. In an alternative embodiment alcohol G may be oxidized, for example by the Swern procedure as described in Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 1651, to give aldehyde K. Aldehyde K may then be condensed with heterocyclic amine I in a reductive amination reaction, for example using sodium cyanoborohydride in methanol in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as molecular sieves, similar to that described in J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1971, 93, 2897, to give J. The amide functionality of J may be reduced, for example using borane-dimethylsulfide in tetrahydrofuran, to give amine L. Oxidation Scheme 1 Reductive Amination L Scheme 1 (contd.) In an alternative synthesis, Scheme 2, a phenylacetic acid M may be converted to allyl acid N, for example as described in Bioorganic Med. Chem. Letts., 1993, 3, 319. Acid N may be homologated to acid P according to the Arndt-Eistert procedure, for example as described in Chem. Pharm. Bull, 1981, 29, 3249, and acid P may be condensed with an aniline or arylalkylamine E to give O (n = 1). Condensation of acid P may be accomplished via the corresponding acid chloride, prepared from P by treatment with oxalyl chloride and catalytic N,N-dimethylformamide, which may be used when E is an aniline or an arylalkylamine and is the preferred method when E represents an aniline. In an alternative procedure, when E is an arylalkylamine, condensation with P may be effected via the use of a carbodiimide, for example by the use of 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide in dichloromethane. The allyl group of O can be oxidatively cleaved, for example upon treatment with ozone in methanol, to give aldehyde K. Aldehyde K may then be used in reductive amination reactions with heterocyclic amines I to give compound J as illustrated in Scheme 1. Scheme 2. The invention disclosed herein is exemplified by the following examples, which should not be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. Alternative mechanistic pathways and analogous structures within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Example 1 /^3.4-Dichlorophenyn-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N.4-diphenyl -1 - pioeridinepentamide Step A Diethvl-3.4-dichlorobenzal-ά/s-acetoacetate 3,4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde (100 g) in 95% ethanol (120 ml_)was treated with ethylacetoacetate (146 mL) and stirred until a homogenous solution was obtained. This solution was treated with piperidine (8 mL) and left to stand for 18 hours. The crude product was recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give the title compound (230 g). Step B 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric acid Diethyl-3,4-dichlorobenzal-ϋ s-acetoacetate (155 g) in ethanol 2 L) was treated with 50% NaOH (2 L) and heated at reflux temperature for 4 hours. Water (1 L) was added to the reaction mixture and approx. 1.5 L of solvent removed by distillation. The remaining solution was poured onto ice ( 1 Kg) and sufficient HCI was added to adjust the pH to 1. The resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 X 1.5 L) and the combined extracts dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated to give 100 g of the title compound. Step C 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric acid (100 g) was treated with acetyl chloride (300 mL) and the resulting mixture heated at reflux for 5 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was then azeotroped with toluene and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with diethyl ether (250 mL) and filtered to afford the title compound (86 g). Step D 3.4-Dichloro-β-r2-ffohenvπmethvlamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride in CH2CI2 (20 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methylaniline (0.518 g), triethylamine (0.489 g) and DMAP (trace). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (2X20 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (1.2 g). Step E 3.4-Dichloro-β-(2-hvdroxyethyn-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanam ide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(phenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid (0.98 g) in EtOAc (25 mL) was treated with CDI (0.653 g) and DMAP (trace). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (0.668 g) in H2O (10 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Et2θ and washed with 1 N HCI (20 mL) , sat. NaHCθ3 (20 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (0.908 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 352. Ste p F 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide (0.9 g) in CH2CI2 (25 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with Et3N (0.332 g), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.365 g). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water(3X20 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.1 g). Steo G β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,4-diphenyl -1- piperidine pentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide (1.1 g) in DMF (10 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (1.14 g) and the mixture heated at 60°C for 18 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and the aqueous phase removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2X100 mL) and the combined organic extracts, washed with water (100 mL) , dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 95:5 (C^Ctø eOH) gave the title compound (0.4 g). M.p. 67-72°, Mass spectrum (FAB): 513 (70%), 511 (100%). Steo H 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide Oxalyl chloride (7.74 g) in CH2CI2 (80 mL) was added to a -78°C solution of DMSO (9.5 g) in CH2CI2 (30 mL) over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes whereupon a CH2CI2 (50 mL) solution of 3,4- Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (17.15 g) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with a solution of EteN (14.76 g) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with water (100 mL), the organic fraction separated, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil (20 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5-15% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (15.2 g). Step I β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,4-diphenyl -1- piperidine pentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (0.43 g), in MeOH (20 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (2.0 g), 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine HCI (0.34 g) and NaBHβCN (0.32 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite (trademark) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between 10% NH4OH solution and CH2CI2 (25 mL) The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH2CI2 (2X25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude oil (0.7 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (0.42 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 524. Example 2 1-[3-f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-5-ffmethvπphenylaminolpentvn-4-phenyl-4- pjperidinol. β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,4-diphenyl -1-piperidine pentamide (0.22 g) in THF (25 mL) was treated with BH 3 :DMS (0.212 mL; 10 M) and heated at reflux temperature for 18 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was then treated with MeOH (2.0 mL) and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOH (20 mL), treated with potassium carbonate (##.# g) and heated at reflux temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between CH CI (20 mL) and saturated NaHCOβ solution (20 mL). The organic portion was separated and the aqueous re-extracted with CH2CI2 (2X20 mL). The combined organic was dried over MgSO^ filtered and evaporated to give the title compound (0.20 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 515. Example 3 β-M .S-benzodioxol-S-vl -hvdroxv-N-methvl-N^-diphenvl -1 - piperidineoentamide Step A Diethyl- .3-benzodioxol-5-yπ-ά/s-ac6toacetate Piperonal (25 g) in 95% ethanol (30 mL) was treated with ethylacetoacetate (42.5 mL) and stirred until a homogenous solution was obtained. Piperidine (2.3 mL) was added and the resulting solution stirred 18 hours. The crude product was obtained by filtration and subsequently recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give the title compound (35 g). Step B 3-(1 ,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)glutaric acid Diethyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzal-d/s-acetoacetate (30 g) in ethanol (300 mL) was treated with 50% NaOH (300 mL) and heated at reflux for 4 hours. Approximately 250 mL of solvent removed by distillation. The remaining solution was cooled to 0°C and sufficient HCI was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 1. The resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 500 mL) and the combined extracts dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a white solid (19 g). Step C 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)glutaric anhydride 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)glutaric acid (3.2 g) was treated with acetyl chloride (15 mL) and the resulting mixture heated at reflux for 5 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was then azeotroped with toluene (2 x 100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with diethyl ether and filtered to afford the title compound (2.91 9). Step D β-f2-rfohenv0methvlamino1-2-oxoethvπ-1.3-benzodioxol-5- yipropanoic acid 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)glutaric anhydride (2.91 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methylaniline (1.68 mL), triethylamine (2.16 mL) and DMAP (150 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 (300 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 150 mL) and water (1 x 150 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.2 g). Step E β(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methvl-N-phenvl-1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl- propanamide β-[2-[(phenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-propanoic acid (4.2 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was treated with CDI (2.51 g) and DMAP (146 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH 4 (2.34 g) in H O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 150 mL), sat. NaHC0 3 (1 x 150 mL) and water (1 x 150 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH2CI2 gave the title compound (2.36 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 328. Step F βf2-oxoethvπ-N-methvl-N-Phenvl-1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl- propanamide A solution of β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-1,3-benzodioxol-5- yl-propanamide (500 mg) in CH2CI2 (10 mL) was treated with PDC (570 mg) and molecular sieves (4A, 570 mg) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel rinsed with EtOAc (100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 50-75% EtOAc/Hexanes gave the desired title compound (374 mg). Steo G β-M ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,4-diphenyl -1 - piperidinepentamide β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-propanamide (370 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 10 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (480 mg), 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine HCI (480 mg) and NaBHsCN (72 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (10mL) and diluted with CH2CI2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 20 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (310 mg). Mass spectrum (Cl): 487. Example 4 β-f3.4-Difluorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-methvT-N.4-diphenvl -1- pjperidinepentamide Step A Diethyl-3.4-difluorobenzal-ά/s-acetoacetate 3,4-Difluorobenzaldehyde (5 g) in 95% ethanol (20 mL) was treated with ethylacetoacetate (18 mL) and stirred until a homogenous solution was obtained. Piperidine (1 mL) was added and the resulting solution stirred 18 hours. The crude product was obtained by filtration and subsequently recrystallized from 95% ethanol to give the title compound (11 9). Step B 3-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)glutaric acid Diethyl-3,4-difluorobenzal-ϋ/s-acetoacetate (11 g) in ethanol (150 mL) was treated with 50% NaOH (150 mL) and heated at reflux for 4 hours. Approximately 100 mL of solvent was * removed by distillation. The remaining solution was cooled to 0°C and sufficient HCI was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 1. The resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 300 mL) and the combined extracts dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a white solid (7.4 g). Step C 3-(3.4-Difluorophenyπαlutaric anhydride 3-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)glutaric acid (7.4 g) was treated with acetyl chloride (50 mL) and the resulting mixture heated at reflux for 5 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was then azeotroped with toluene (3 x 100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with diethyl ether and filtered to afford the title compound (6.5 ). Step D 3.4-Difluoro-β-[2-f henynmethylamino]-2- oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (3.61 g) in CH2CI2 (75 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methylaniline (2.16 mL), triethylamine (2.78 mL) and DMAP (195 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 (300 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL) and water (1 x 100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.3 g). Step E 3.4-Difluoro-β-(2-hvdroxvethyn-N-methyl-N- pheny lbenzenepropanam.de 3,4-Difluoro-β-[2-[(phenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid (4.3 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was treated with CDI (3.24 g) and DMAP (195 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBhU (3.02 g) in H 2 O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL), sat. NaHC0 3 (1 x 100 mL) and water (1 x 100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH2CI2 gave the title compound (3.64 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 320. ≤lgjL__ 3,4-Difluoro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropamide Oxalyl chloride (0.171 mL) in CH2CI2 (10 mL) was added to a -78°C solution of DMSO (0.278 mL)in CH 2 CI 2 over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Whereupon a CH2CI2 solution of 3,4-difluoro-β- (2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylbenzene propanamide (500 mg) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with a solution of EtøN (0.655 mL) in CH 2 CI 2 and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with 0.1 N HCI (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL. The organic layer was dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5-15% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (388 mg). Step G β-(3.4-DifluorophenvlM-hydroxy-N-methyl-N.4-diρhanyl -1 - piperidinepentamide 3,4-Difluoro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropamide (520 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 15 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (700 mg), 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine HCI (700 mg) and NaBHsCN (103 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH2CI2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MΘOH/CH2CI2 gave the title compound (570 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 479.2498. Example 5 H3-4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N.4-diphenvl -1-pjperidinepentamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β-f(2-phenvlamino)-2-oxoethvπ-benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (5 g, Example 1 , Step C) in CH 2 CI (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with aniline (2.19 mL), triethylamine (3.3 mL) and DMAP (236 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (300 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 150 mL) and water (1 x 150 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (5.4 g). SleβJϊ 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroexyethyl)-N-phenylbenzenepropamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[(2-phenylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid (4.5 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was treated with CDI (2.6 g) and DMAP (156 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to -10°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (2.42 g) in H 2 O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 150 mL), sat. NaHC0 3 (1 x 150 mL) and water (1 x 150 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (2 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 338. Step C 3.4-Difluoro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroθxyethyl)-N-phenylbθnzenepropamide (340 mg) in CH CI 2 was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with EteN (0.278 mL) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.097 mL). After one hour the reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (75 mL) and washed with sat. NaHCO3 (1 x 50 mL) The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (480 mg). Step D β-(3.4-Dichlorophenvπ-4-hvdroxy-N.4-diphenyl -1 - piperidinepentamide 3,4-Difluoro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide (480 mg) in DMF (5 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (177 mg) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted the EtOAc (50 mL) and the aqueous phase removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic extracts, washed with water, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 95:5 (CH 2 CI 2 :MeOH) gave the title compound (246 mg). Mass spectrum (Cl): 497. Example 6 N- -Chlorophenvn-β-r3.4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-4-phenvl -1- piperidinepentamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β-f2-rf4-chlorophenvhaminoT-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride in CH2CI2 (75 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 4-chloroaniline (2.25 g), triethylamine (1.79 g) and DMAP (trace). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1 N HCI (3X50 mL) and water (50 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.9 g). ≤leCLβ_3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(4- chlorophenyl)benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]benzene propanoic acid (4.0 g) in EtOAc (75 mL) was treated with CDI (2.52 g) and DMAP (trace). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (2.59 g) in H2O (40 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Et2θ and washed with 1 N HCI (100 mL) , sat. NaHC0 3 (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (3.81 9). Step C 3.4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonvloxyethyπ-N-(4- chloropheny benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)benzene propanamide (3.5 g) in CH2CI2 (60 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with EteN (1.19 g), and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.35 g). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water(3X50 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgSθ 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (3.8 g). ≤_tecLD_N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl -1-piperidine-pentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide (3.8 g) in DMF (50 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (3.74 g) and the mixture heated at 60°C for 18 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted the EtOAc (100 mL) and water (100 mL) and the aqueous phase removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2X100 mL) and the combined organic extracts, washed with water (100 mL) , dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH:CH 2 CI gave the title compound (1.2 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 386. Example 7 1-f5- 4-Chloro p henynamino]-3-r3.4-dichloro p henvπpentvπ-4-phenyl-4- piperidinQl. The title compound was prepared from N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl -1-piperidine-pentamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 517. Example 8 4-Hvdroxv-N-methyl-N. β.4-triphenvl-1-piperidinepentanamide Step A 3-Phenylglutaric anhydride 3-Phenyiglutaric acid (100 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (800 mL) was treated with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (104 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (400 mL) over 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with hexane (800 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue crystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane to afford the title compound (53 g). Step B β-f2-fφhenvhmethvlam ino]-2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid 3-Phenylglutaric anhydride (8.0 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methylaniline (5.63 g), triethylamine (5.32 g) and DMAP (1.0 g). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (2X50 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (11.5 g). Step C β-f2-hydroxyethvπ-N-methvl-N-phenvlbeπzenepropanamide β-[2-[(phenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid (11.5 g) in EtOAc (225 mL) was treated with CDI (11.68 g) and DMAP (1.0 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH (9.74 g) in H 2 O (150 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Et 2 O and washed with 1N HCI (100 mL) , sat. NaHCθ3 (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (10.4 g). Step D β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- pheny Ibenzenepropanam ide β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (5.0 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with EtβN (2.23 g), and methanesulfonyl chloride (2.53 g). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water(3X50 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (6.4 g). Step E 4-Hydroxy-N-methyl-N, β,4-triphenyl-1-piperidinepentanamide β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide (2.0 g) in DMF (10 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (1.44 g) and the mixture heated at 60°C for 18 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted the EtOAc (100 mL) and water (100 mL) and the aqueous phase removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2X100 mL) and the combined organic extracts, washed with water (100 mL) , dried over MgSθ 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography gave the title compound (0.8 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 443. Example 9 1-f5-f henvπmethylamino1-3- p henylpentyl]-4-phenyl-4-piperidinol. The title compound was prepared from 4-Hydroxy-N-methyl-N, β,4- triphenyl-1-piperidinepentanamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (Cl): 429. Example 10 N-f4-Chlorophenvn-4-hydroxv-N-methvl-β.4-diphenyl-1- piperidinepentanamide Step A β-f2-f(4-chlorophenvnmethvlamino1-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-Phenylglutaric anhydride (2.0 g) in CH2CI2 (25 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 4-chloro-N-methylaniline (1.86 g), triethylamine (1.33 g) and DMAP (trace). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (2X50 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (2.7 g). ≤_tSβ_B_N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl- benzenepropanam.de β-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid (1.3 g) in EtOAc (25 mL) was treated with CDI (0.957 g) and DMAP (trace). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (0.983 g) in H 2 O (15 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Et2θ and washed with 1N HCI (20 mL) , sat. NaHC03 (20 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (1.25 g). Step C N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl- benzenepropanam ide N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-benzene propanamide (1.25 g) in CH2CI2 (25 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with Et3N (0.497 g), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.563 g). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water(3X25 mL), sat. NaHC03 (20 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.44 g). Steo D N-(4-Chlorophenvl -hvdroxv-N-methvl-β.4-diphenvl-1- piperidinepentanamide N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl- benzenepropanamlde (1.44 g) in DMF (10 mL) was treated with 4- phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (1.61 g) and the mixture heated at 80°C for 2 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted the EtOAc (50 mL) and water (50 mL) and the aqueous phase removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2X50 mL) and the combined organic extracts, washed with water (50 mL) , dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% MeOH:CH2C.2 gave the title compound (0.7 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 477. Example 11 1-f5-[r4-Chlorophenynmethylamino1-3-phenvlpentyπ-4-phenyl-4- pjperidinol. The title compound was prepared from N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy- N-methyl-β,4-dipheny 1-1 -piperidinepentanam.de following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 463.3. Example 12 4-(Acetylamino N-methyl-N. β.4-triPhenvl-1-piperidinepentanamide The title compound was prepared from β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)- N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide, (which comes from Example 8, step D), using 4-acetyiamino-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride in a procedure analogous to that of Example 8, Step E. Mass spectrum (FAB): 484.4. Example 13 4-(Acetylamino N-(4-chlorophenvlVN-methvl-β.4-diphenvl-1- piperidinepentanam.de The title compound was prepared from N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β- (2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N- methyl- benzenepropanamlde (which comes from Example 10, Step C), using 4-acetylamino-4- phenylpiperidine hydrochloride in a procedure similar to that of Example 10, Step D. Mass spectrum (FAB): 518.3. Example 14 N-Methyl-N. ff-diphenvl-4-fohenvlmethvl)-1-piperidinepentanamide The title compound was prepared from β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)- N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (which comes from Example 8, step D), using a procedure similar to that of Example 8, step E. Mass spectrum (FAB): 441.1. Example 15 N-f4-ChlorophenvlVN-methvl-/>phenvl-4-fohenvlmethyl - pjperidinepentamide The title compound was prepared from N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β- (2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N- methyl- benzenepropanamlde (which comes from Example 10, step C), using 4-benzylpiperidine in a procedure similar to that of Example 10, step D. Mass spectrum (FAB): 475.2. Example 16 N-Methvl-N. β-diphenvl-4-fohenvlmethvn-1-piperazinepentanamide The title compound was prepared from β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)- N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (which comes from Example 8, step D), using N-phenylmethylpiperizine in a procedure similar to that of Example 8, Step E. Mass spectrum (FAB): 442.1. Example 17 N- -Chlorophenvn-N-methvl-B -phenvl-4-rphenvlmethyh-1. piperazinepentanamide The title compound was prepared from N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β-(2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-benzenepropanamide (which comes from Example 10, step C), using N-phenylmethylpiperazine in a procedure similar to that of Example 10, step D. Mass spectrum (FAB): 476.3. Example 18 β- 3.4-Dichlorophenvn-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdro-N-methvl-N-phenyl-2- ispqμiπolinepeπtamicle 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (which comes from Example 1 , step H) (0.53 g), in MeOH (35 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (5.5 g), isoquinoline HCI (0.33 g) and NaBHeCN (0.4 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite (trademark) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between 10% NH4OH solution and CH2CI2 (25 mL) The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (2X25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude oil (0.7 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 2% MΘOH/CH2CI2 gave the title compound (0.27 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 467. Example 19 3-r3.4-Dichlorophenvn-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdro-N-methvl-N-phenvl-2- isoαuinolinepentanamine The title compound was prepared from β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1, 2,3,4- tetrahydro-N-methyl-N-phenyl-2-isoquinolinepentamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 453. Example 20 β - 3.4-Dichlorophenvn-3.4-dihvdro-6-methoxv-N-methvl-4-oxo-N- pheπyl-spirQf2H-1-beπzopyraπ-2,4'.-piperldine1-1'-peπtamide The title compound was prepared from 3,4-dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N- methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (which comes from Example 1 , Step H) using 3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran- 2,4'-piperidine] HCI in a procedure similar to that of Example 18. Mass spectrum (FAB): 581. Exgmple 21 1'-f3- 3.4-Dichlorophenvπ-5-fmethyl p henylamino)pentyl -3.4-dihydro-6- methoxy-spiror2H-1-beπzopyran-2.4'.-Piperid1-4-ol The title compound was prepared from β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3,4- dihydro-6-methoxy-N-methyl-4-oxo-N-phenyl-spiro[2H- 1 -benzopyran- 2,4',-piperidine]-1' pentamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 569. Example 22 β -f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-N-methyl-4-oxo-N-phenyl-1 - piperidinepentamide The title compound was prepared from 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N- methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropamide (which comes from Example 1 Step H), Mass spectrum (FAB): 433.1457. Example 23 β -f 3.4-Dichlorophenvn-N-methvl-N-Phenvl-4-rphenvlmethvn-1 - piperidinepentamide The title compound was prepared from 3,4-dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N- methyl-N-phenylbenzenepropanamide (which comes from Example 1 Step H), using a procedure similar to that of Example 18. Mass spectrum (FAB): 509. Example 24 N-(4-Chlorophenvn-β -f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-methvl-4- phenyl -1-pjperidinepentanamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β -r2-M4-chlorophenvhmethvlamino1-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (10.0 g) in CH2CI2 (150 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 4-chloro-N-methylaniline (6.8 g), triethylamine (4.87 g) and DMAP (0.5 g). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (3X100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (14.9 g). ≤lSβ_B__3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N- methylbenzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (14.9 g) in EtOAc (270 mL) was treated with CDI (9.1 g) and DMAP (trace). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (9.32 g) in H 2 O (140 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Et 2 O and washed with 1N HCI (3X100 mL) , sat. NaHCO 3 (250 mL) and water (250 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (12.64 9). Step C 3.4-Dichloro-β -(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-/4- chlorophenyl)-N-methylbenzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N- methylbenzenepropanamide (2.1 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (40 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with Et3N (0.69 g), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.78 g). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water(3X50 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (2.3 g). ≤teβJ _.N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N- methyl-4-phenyl- 1 -piperidinepentanam ide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylbenzenepropanamide (1.6 g) in DMF (10 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (0.61 g) and K2CO 3 (0.476 g). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H2O (2X100 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgSO.4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 95:5 (CH 2 CI 2 : eOH) gave the title compound (0.56 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 545.3. Example 25 1-f5-(4-ChlorophenylVmethynaminoy3-f3.4-dichlorophenyl1-pentyl]-4- phenyl-4-piperidinol. The title compound was prepared from N-(4-chlorophenyl)-β-(3,4- Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl -1 - piperidinepentanamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 531.1. Example 26 N-(4-Chlorophenyn-β-f3.4-Dichlorophenyn-N-methvl-4-oxo-1- piperidinepentanamide _StSβ_Δ_3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-bromoethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4- chlorophenyl)benzene propanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4- chlorophenyl)benzene propanamide (6.3 g, from Example 27, Step C) in THF (50 mL) was treated with lithium carbonate (2.0 g) and lithium bromide (2.34 g). The mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 2 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted the CH 2 CI 2 (100 mL) and washed with H 2 O (2X100 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a yellow oil, (5.6 g). Step B N-(4-Chlorophθnyh-β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-4-oxo-1 - piperidine pentanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-bromoethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)benzenθ propanamide (4.6 g) in DMF (60 mL) was treated with 4-piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride (3.94 g) and K2CO3 (5.3 g). The mixture was stirred vigorously at ambient temperature for 120 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into H O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2X100 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 95:5 (CH 2 CI 2 :MeOH) gave the title compound (2.25 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 467.1. Example 27 N-r4-Chlorophenvn-β-f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-N-methvl-4- phenylmethyn- 1 -piperidinepentanamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-B-r2-K4-chlorophenvhmethvlaminol-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (5.0 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 4-chloro-N-methylaniline (2.92 mL)), triethylamine (3.36 mL) and DMAP (0.24 g). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (2X100 mL) and water (2X100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (6.63 g). Step B 3.4-Dichloro-β-f2-hydroxyethvπ-N-methyl-N-f4-chlorophenyl)- benzenepropanamlde 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethyl] benzenepropanoic acid (4.0 g) in EtOAc (75 mL) was treated with CDI (2.43 g) and DMAP (0.122 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH (2.45 g) in H 2 O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H 2 0 (100 mL), 1N HCI (100 mL) , and sat. NaHC0 3 (100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (3.69 g). Step C 3.4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonvloxvethvO-N-methvl-N-(4- chlorophenyl)benzene propanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl) -benzenepropanamlde (3.6 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with Et3N (1.62 mL), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.9 mL). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water (100 mL), brine (100 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (4.3 g). ≤tSpJ .N-(4-Chlorophθnyl)-β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl) -N-methyl-4- (phenylmethyl)-l-piperidinepentanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4- chlorophenyl)benzene propanamide (1.6 g) in DMF (10 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (1.14 g) and K2CO 3 (0.476 g). The mixture was heated at 60°C for 18 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted the EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H 2 O (2X100 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 95:5 (CH2Cl2:MeOH) gave the title compound (0.56 g). M.p. 67-72°, Mass spectrum (Cl): 543. Example 28 N-(4-ChlorQP enyl)-gam7?a -f3,4-PichlprQPheπyl)-N-met yl-4- fohenvlmethvn-1-piperidinepentanamine The title compound was prepared from N-(4- Chlorophenyl)-β-(3,4- Dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinepentanamide using the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (Cl): 529. Example 29 β -f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-methvl-N-f4-methoxvphenvπ-4- phenyl-1 -piperidinepentanamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β -f2-[(4-methoχyphenvl)methvlamino1-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (5.0 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 4-methoxy-N-methylaniline (3.3 g)), triethylamine (3.36 mL) and DMAP (0.24 g). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (100 mL) and water (2X100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (7.3 g). ≤teC- B _3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4-mθthoxyphθnyl)- benzenepropanamlde 3,4-Dichloro-β -[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (7.2 g) in EtOAc (125 mL) was treated with CDI (4.4 g) and DMAP (0.22 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH 4 (4.46 g) in H O (75 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H 2 0 (100 mL), 1N HCI (100 mL) , and H2O (100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 60-100% EtOAc/hexane gave the title compound (5.43 g). Step C 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)benzene propanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)- benzene propanamide (2.0 g) in CH CI 2 (50 mL) was cooled to -5 to -10°C and treated sequentially with Et3N (0.911 mL), and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.64 mL). After two hours the reaction mixture was washed with water (100 mL), brine (100 mL) and the organic layer separated, dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (2.56 g). Step D β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-(4- methoxypheny l)-4-pheny I- 1 -piperidinepentanam ide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl) -N-methyl-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)benzene propanamide (4.2 g) in DMF (20 mL) was treated with 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (1.53g) and K2CO3 (1.19 g). The mixture was heated at 60°C for 18 hours. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted the EtOAc (200 mL) and washed with H 2 O (3X150 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 90:10 (CH2Cl2:MeOH) gave the title compound (0.58 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 541. Example 30 N-f3.5-ά/s-π-rifluoromethvnphenvn-β-f3.4-dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxy-N- methvl-4-phenvl-1-Diperidinepentamide Ste p A 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(3,5-_d/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino)]-2- oxoethylj-benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (10 g, Example 1, Step C) in CH2CI2 (300 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)aniline (7.5 mL), triethylamine (6.7 mL) and DMAP (470 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 (500 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (18 g). Step B 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(3,5-ύ/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)methylamino)]- 2-oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid Sodium hydride (2.16 g, 95%) was suspended in THF (100 mL) and cooled to 0°C. 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(3,5-ύ/s- trifluoromethylphenyl)methylamino)]-2-oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid (18 g), in THF (100 mL) was added dropwise. After addition the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The mixture was then heated at reflux for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and methyl iodide (2.6 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 24 hours. Cooled to 0°C and quenched carefully with H2O (100 mL). Extracted with EtOAc (3 x 200 mL). The combine organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% MeOH/CH 2 CI gave the title compound (8.5 g). Step C N-(3,5-__b/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dichloro-β-(2- hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(3,5-ύ/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)methylamino)]-2- oxoethylj-benzenepropanoic acid (7.8 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was treated with CDI (3.16 g) and DMAP (190 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH (2.95 g) in H 2 O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 200 mL), sat. NaHC03 (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH 2 CI gave the title compound (6 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 488. Step D N-(3,5-ύ/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N- methyl-benzenepropamide A mixture of N-(3,5-ύ/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dichloro-β-(2- hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-benzenepropanamide (1.3 g) and molecular sieves (4A, 624 mg) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) and was treated with TPAP (47 mg) and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (624 mg) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel rinsed with EtOAc (100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 50-75% EtOAc/Hexanes gave the desired title compound (810 mg). Step E N-[3,5-ύ/s-(Trlfluoromethyl)phenyl]-β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4- hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinepentamide N-(3,5-6/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl- benzenepropamide (810 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 20 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (534 mg), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (534 mg) and NaBHsCN (104 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH2θ2 gave the title compound (700 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 647.1663. Example 31 β -f3.4-dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-f2-methoxvphenvn-N-methvl-4- phenyl-1 -piperidinepentamide Step A 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]- benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (10 g, Example 1, Step C) in CH 2 CI 2 (150 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with o-anisidine (6 mL), triethylamine (6.7 mL) and DMAP (440 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 (500 mL) and washed with 1 N HCI (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (14 g). Step B 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylamino)]-2-oxoethyl]- benzenepropanoic acid Sodium hydride (1.94 g, 95%) was suspended in THF (100 mL) and cooled to 0°C. 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]- benzenepropanoic acid (14 g), in THF (150 mL) was added dropwise. After addition the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The mixture was then heated at reflux for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and methyl iodide (2.40 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 24 hours. Cooled to 0°C and quenched carefully with H2O (100 mL). Extracted with EtOAc (3 x 200 mL). The combine organic layers were dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (10 g). Step C 3,4-dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N- methylbenzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylamino)]-2-oxoethyl]- benzenepropanoic acid (7.8 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was treated with CDI (3.16 g) and DMAP (190 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH (2.95 g) in H 2 O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 200 mL), sat. NaHCO 3 (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic phase was dried over gSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (8 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 382. Step D 3,4-dichloro-β-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-(2-oxoethyl)- benzenepropamide A solution of oxalyl chloride (1.14 mL) in CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL) was cooled to -78°C whereupon DMSO (1.85 mL) was added dropwise over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Whereupon a CH 2 CI 2 (10 mL) solution of 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N- methylbenzenepropanamide (1.0 g) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with EteN (7.3 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (100 mL). The organic fraction was separated, washed sequentially with 1N HCI (1 x 50 mL), sat. NaHC03 (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over MgSO l filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5-15% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (950 mg). ≤lei E β -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N- methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide 3,4-dichloro-β -N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-(2-oxoethyl)- benzenepropamide (950 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 20 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (800 mg), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (800 mg) and NaBHsCN (156 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4) filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (720 mg). Mass spectrum (Cl): 541. Example 32 1-r3-f3.4-dichlorophenvπ-5-f4-hvdroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyπ-1- oxopentyπ-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinoline Step A β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-de/tø-oxo- quinoiinepentanoic acid. 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (10 g, Example 1, Step C) in CH 2 CI 2 (300 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline (5.6 mL), triethylamine (6.3 mL) and DMAP (472 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH CI (500 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (14.3 g). Step B 1 -[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1 -oxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-tfe/tø-oxo-quinolinepentanoic acid (14.3 g) in EtOAc (300 mL) was treated with CDI (7.42 g) and DMAP (450 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH 4 (5.5 g) in H 2 O (100 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL) and washed with 1 N HCI (1 x 200 mL), sat. NaHC0 3 (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (11.5 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 378. Steo C 1-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-dioxopentyl]-1, 2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline A solution of oxalyl chloride (1.15 mL) in CH 2 CI 2 (30 mL) was cooled to -78°C whereupon DMSO (1.87 mL) was added dropwise over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Whereupon a CH2CI2 (30 mL) solution of 1 -[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1 -oxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline (1.0 g) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with Et3N (7.4 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and diluted with CH 2 CI (100 mL). The organic fraction was separated, washed sequentially with 1N HCI (1 x 50 mL), sat. NaHC03 (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over gSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. , Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5-15% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (900 mg). Step E 1 -[3-(3.4-dichlorophenvl)-5-(4-hvdroxv-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)-1 - oxopentyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 1-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-dioxopentyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (900 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 20 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (767 mg), 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine HCI (767 mg) and NaBHsCN (150 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20m L) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (750 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 537.2081. Example 33 β -f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-methvl-4-Phenyl-N- henylmethvn- 1-piperidinepentamide ≤lgβ_Δ_3,4-Dichloro-β -[2-[(phenylmethyl)methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (5.0 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)amine (3.0 mL), triethylamine (3.36 mL) and DMAP (0.26)). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (100 L) and water (2X100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (6.9 g). Steo B 3.4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- (phenyimethyl)benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -[2-[(phenylmethyl)methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (6.9 g) in EtOAc (150 mL) was treated with CDI (4.4 g) and DMAP (0.22 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (4.46 g) in H2O (75 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (250 mL) , H 2 0 (250 mL) and dried over gSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (6.29 g). Step C 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N- (phenylmethyl)benzenepropanamide Oxalyl chloride (1.11 mL) in CH2CI2 (10 mL) was added to a -78°C solution of DMSO (1.8 mL) in CH2CI2 (75 mL) over 15 minutes. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes whereupon a CH2CI2 (20 mL) solution of 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N- phenylmethyl)benzenepropanamide (3.72 g) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with a solution of EteN (4.24 mL) in CH2CI2 (10 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, then allowed to warm to ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water (100 mL), the organic fraction separated, dried over MgSO ) filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil (4.3 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1:1/EtOAc:Hex gave the title compound (3.09 g). Step D β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl -N- (phenylmethyl)- 1-piperidine pentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N- (phenylmethyl)benzenepropanamide (1.21 g), in MeOH (10 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (0.5 g), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (0.92 g) and NaBH 3 CN (0.88 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was treated with satd. NaHCOβ solution (10 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between H 2 O (50 mL) and CH CI 2 (100 mL) The organic layer was separated and dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.77 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 525. Example 34 1-[3-f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-5-fmethylfphenylmethvnaminolpentvn-4- phenyl-4-piperidiπol The title compound was prepared from β -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4- hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl -N-(phenylmethyl)-1 -piperidine pentamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 511.4. Example 35 2-f3-f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-5-f4-hvdroxv-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyn-1- oxopentvn-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline Ste p A β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-Gfe/fa-oxo- isoquinolinepentanoic acid. 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (10 g, Example 1, Step C) in CH 2 CI 2 (300 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline (6.0 mL), triethylamine (6.7 mL) and DMAP (472 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH CI 2 (500 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (14 g). Steo B 2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1 -oxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-o'e/tø-oxo- isoquinolinepentanoic acid, (14 g) in EtOAc (300 mL) was treated with CDI (7.25 g) and DMAP (440 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (6.7 g) in H2O (150 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL) and washed with 1 N HCI (1 x 200 mL), sat. NaHC0 3 (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH2CI2 gave the title compound (12.4 g). Mass spectrum (Cl): 378. Step C 2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 ,5-dioxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline A solution of oxalyl chloride (0.460 mL) in CH 2 CI 2 (20 mL) was cooled to -78°C whereupon DMSO (0.749 mL) was added dropwise over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Whereupon a CH 2 CI 2 (10 mL) solution of 2-[3-(3,4-dichiorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1-oxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline (1.0 g) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with EtβN (3 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and diluted with CH CI 2 (100 mL). The organic fraction was separated, washed sequentially with 1N HCI (1 x 50 mL), sat. NaHC03 (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5-15% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (800 mg). Ste p D 2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)- 1 -oxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 ,5-dioxopentyl]-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline (800 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 20 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (900 mg), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (900 mg) and NaBHsCN (130 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH 2 CI gave the title compound (810 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 537.2075. Example 36 β -f3.4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-ff3-methoxvphenvnmethvH-N- methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β -f2-ff(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (6.7 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methyl-N-[3- methoxyphenyl)methyl]amine (4.7 g), triethylamine (3.27 g) and DMAP (0.32)). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (75 mL) and water (2X75 mL). The organic layers were dried over gS0 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (10.5 g). Step B 3.4-Dichloro-β -(2-hvdroxvethvn-N-methyl-N-f(3- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -[2-[[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (10.5 g) in EtOAc (150 mL) was treated with CDI (6.22 g) and DMAP (0.3 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (6.3 g) in H2O (75 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (250 mL) , H 2 0 (250 mL) and dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a crude oil (13 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (9.35 g). Ste C 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-l(3- methoxyρhenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide Oxalyl chloride (3.23 g) in CH2CI2 (100 mL) was added to a -78°C solution of DMSO (4.14 g) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes whereupon a CH2CI2 (30 mL) solution of 3,4- Dichioro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl] benzenepropanamlde (8.4 g) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with a solution of Et 3 N (6.43 g) in CH2CI2 (30 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, then allowed to warm to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with water (100 mL), the organic fraction separated, dried over MgS0 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil (11 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% EtOAc/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (7.75 g). Step D β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl] -N-methyl-4-phenyl- 1 -piperidinepentam ide 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3-methoxyphθnyl)methyl] benzenepropanamlde (1.23 g), in MeOH (100 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (4 g), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (0.87 g) and NaBHeCN (0.83 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was treated with satd. NaHCO 3 solution (10 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between H2O (50 mL) and CH2CI2 (100 mL) The organic layer was separated and dried over Na 2 SO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil (1.8 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MΘOH/CH2CI2 gave the title compound (0.77 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 555. Example 37 1-r3-(3.4-Dichloro p henvn-5-ff3(methoxyphenynmethyl|methylamino pentylH-phenyl-4-piperidinol The title compound was prepared from β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4- hydroxy-N-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1- piperidinepentamide following the procedure of Example 2. Mass spectrum (FAB): 541. Example 38 N-[r3.5-Bis trifluoromethvnphenvnmethvn-β -(3.4-Dichlorophenvπ-4- hydroxv-N-methvl-4-phenvl-1-piperidinepentamide Step A 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[[3 t 5-_b/s-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl methyl]methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (3.1 g, Example 1, Step C) in CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with 3,5-bis- (t rif I uorom ethyl) benzyl amine (3.4 g), triethylamine (1.83 mL) and DMAP (150 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (200 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL) and water (1 x 100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (6.1 g). Step B N-[[3,5-6/s-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3,4-dichloro-β-(2- hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[[3,5-6/s-(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl]methylamino]-2- oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid (6.1 g) in EtOAc (75 mL) was treated with CDI (2.43 g) and DMAP (150 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH 4 (1.8 g) in H 2 O (30 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL), sat. NaHCOe (1 x 100 mL) and water (1 x 100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH2CI2 gave the title compound (5.7 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 502.0791. Step C N-[3,5-b/s-(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl]-3,4-dichloro-β-(2- oxoethyl)-N-methyl-benzenepropamide A mixture of N-[[3,5-6 s-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3,4-dichloro-β-(2- hydroxyethyl) -N-methyl-benzenepropanamide (1.0 g) and molecular sieves (4A, 460 mg) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) and was treated with TPAP (36 mg) and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (460 mg) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel rinsed with EtOAc (100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 50-75% EtOAc/Hexanes gave the desired title compound (615 mg). Steo D N-[[3,5-_6/s-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-β-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide N-(3,5-6/s-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl- benzenepropamide (615 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 15 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (525 mg), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (525 mg) and NaBHeCN (104 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH2CI2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over gSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (500 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 661.1811. Example 39 β -r3.4-Dichloro p henvn-N-rf3.5-dimethoxv p henvnmethvH-4-hydroxy-N- methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β -f2-rM3.5-dimethoxvphenyl)methyl]methylamino]- 2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (6.45 g) in CH2CI2 (60 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methyl-N-[3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amine (5.4 g), triethylamine (3.14 g) and DMAP (0.3 g)). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (100 mL) and water (2X100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (11.0 g). Step B 3.4-Dichloro-β -f2-hvdroxvethvl)-N-methyl-N-ff3.5- dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -[2-[[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (11.0 g) in EtOAc (150 mL) was treated with CDI (6.08 g) and DMAP (0.3 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH 4 (6.2 g) in H 2 O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (250 mL) , H 2 O (250 mL) and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a crude oil (13 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 2.5% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (9.1 g). Step C 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide Oxalyl chloride (3.2 g) in CH2CI2 (125 mL) was cooled to -78°C and treated with a solution of DMSO (4.12 g) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) over 15 minutes. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes whereupon a CH CI 2 (30 mL) solution of 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide (9.0 g) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with a solution of Et 3 N (6.4 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (25 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, then allowed to warm to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with water (125 mL), the organic fraction separated, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil (12 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% EtOAc/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (8.2 g). Ste p D β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4- hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinepentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β -(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide (1.5 g), in MeOH (75 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (5 g), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (0.98 g) and NaBHeCN (0.94 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was treated with satd. NaHCO 3 solution (10 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between H2O (50 mL) and CH2CI2 (100 mL) The organic layer was separated and dried over Na SO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil (2.1 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (1.2 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 585. Example 40 β -r3.4-Dichlorophenvn-N-rr3-fluoro-4-methoxvphenvnmethvl -4- hvdroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinepentamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β-r2-rr(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]methylamino]-2-oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (4.15 g) in CH2CI2 (150 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methyl-N-[3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]amine (3.25 g), triethylamine (2.0 g) and DMAP (0.2)). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (75 mL) and water (2X75 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (7.3 g). ≤lSβ__B_3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[[(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methyiamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (7.3 g) in EtOAc (150 mL) was treated with CDI (4.15 g) and N,N-dimethylamino pyridine (0.21 g). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH (4.2 g) in H 2 O (70 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and washed with 1 N HCI (250 mL) , H2O (250 mL) and dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a crude oil (12 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 2.5% MΘOH/CH2CI2 gave the title compound (6.35 g). Step C 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide Oxalyl chloride (1.44 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (100 mL) was cooled to a -78°C and treated with a solution of DMSO (1.84 g) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes whereupon a CH2CI2 (30 mL) solution of 3,4-Dichloro-β- (2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl] benzenepropanamlde (3.9 g) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then treated with a solution of Et 3 N (2.85 g) in CH2CI2 (20 mL), then stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, then allowed to warm to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with water (100 mL), the organic fraction separated, dried over gSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil (5.0 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% EtOAc/CH2Cl2 gave the title compound (3.6 g). Step D β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N-[(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-4- hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinepentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide (1.05 g), in MeOH (50 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (3 g), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (0.71 g) and NaBHsCN (0.67 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was treated with satd. NaHCO 3 solution (10 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between H2O (50 mL) and CH2CI2 (100 mL). The organic layer was separated and dried over MgSO ) filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil (1.2 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (0.92 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 573. Example 41 1-f3-r3.4-Dichlorophenvn-5-r4-hvdroxv-4-phenvl-1-piperidinvn-1- oxopentviyiH-indole Ste p A 3,4-Dichloro-β-[[2-[1-(indolinyl)]]-2-oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid. 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (10 g, Example 1, Step C) in CH 2 CI 2 (150 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with indole (5.6 g), triethylamine (6.7 mL) and DMAP (440 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH CI 2 (200 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL) and water (1 x 100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4) filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (14 g). Ste p B 1-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1-oxopentyl]-1 H-indole 3,4-Dichloro-β-[[2-[1-(indolinyl)]]-2-oxoethyl]-benzenepropanoic acid (14 g) in EtOAc (300 mL) was treated with CDI (12.5 g) and DMAP (470 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (7.3 g) in H2O (100 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 200 mL), sat. NaHC0 3 (1 x 200 mL) and water (1 x 200 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4) filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude compound as a oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH/ CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (5.5 g) Step C 1-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 ,5-dioxopentyl]-1 H-indole A mixture of 1-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-1-oxopentyl]-1 H-indole (4.25 g) and molecular sieves (4A, 2.75 g) in CH 2 CI 2 (40 mL) and was treated with TPAP (50 mg) and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (2.75 mg) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel rinsed with EtOAc (100 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 50-75% EtOAc Hexanes gave the desired title compound (930 mg). Step D 1 -[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1 -piperidinyl)- 1-oxopentyl]-1 H-indole 1-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-dioxopentyl]-1 H-indole (740 mg), in MeOH/THF (1:1, 30 mL) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (880 mg), 4-phenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine HCI (880 mg) and NaBH 3 CN (130 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20m L) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (600 mg). Mass spectrum (Cl): 521. Example 42 β-r3.4-Dichlorophenvn-4-hvdroxv-N-rf2-methoxvphenvnmethyπ-N- methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide ≤teβA_.3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[[(2-mθthoxyphenyl)methyl]methylamino]-2- oxoethyl]benzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (5.9 g) in CH2CI2 (80 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methyl-N-[2- methoxyphenyl)methyl]amine (3.8 g), triethylamine (3.5 mL) and DMAP (278 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL) and brine (1 x 100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (9.3 g). Step B 3.4-Dichloro-β-(2-hvdroxvθthvn-N-mθthvl-N-K2- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (9.3 g) in EtOAc (100 mL) was treated with CDI (4.62 g) and DMAP (345 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (3.45 g) in H2O (50 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 L) , H 2 O (1 x 100 mL) and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a crude oil (13 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (8.7 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 396.1124. Step C 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl]benzenepropanamide A solution of oxalyl chloride (1.43 mL) in CH 2 CI 2 (30 mL) was cooled to -78°C whereupon DMSO (2.32 mL) was added dropwise over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Whereupon a CH 2 CI 2 (20 mL) solution of 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(2- methoxyphenyl)methyl]benzenepropanamide (1.3 g) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with Et 3 N (9.2 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (100 mL). The organic fraction was separated, washed sequentially with 1N HCI (1 x 50 mL), sat. NaHCO3 (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 50-100% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (950 mg). ≤_teiiI3Lβ-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]- N-methyl-4- phenyl- 1 -piperidinepentam ide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyljbenzenepropanamide (950 mg), in MeOH/THF (30 mL, 1:1) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (770 mg), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (770 mg) and NaBHeCN (150 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% MeOH/CH 2 CI gave the title compound (720 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 555.2181. Example 43 β-f3.4-Dichlorophenyn-4-hvdroxv-N-methvl-4-phenvl-N-r2-phenvlethvn- 1 -piperidinepentamide Step A 3.4-Dichloro-β-r2-K2-Phenvlθthvnmethylamino 2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride (3.4 g) in CH2CI2 (50 mL) at 0°C was treated sequentially with N-methylphenethylamine (2.4 mL), triethylamine (2.3 mL) and DMAP (162 mg). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for two hours then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL) and brine (1 x 100 mL). The organic layers were dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.6 g). Steo B 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-phenethyl)- benzenepropanamide 3-3,4-Dichloro-β-[2-[(2-phenethyl)methylamino]-2- oxoethyljbenzenepropanoic acid (4.6 g) in EtOAc (75 mL) was treated with CDI (2.6 g) and DMAP (162 mg). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of NaBH4 (2.5 g) in H2O (30 mL), warmed slowly to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and washed with 1N HCI (1 x 100 mL) , H 2 0 (1 x 100 mL) and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a crude oil (5 g). Silica gel chromatography eluting with 2.5% MeOH/CH2θ2 gave the title compound (3.5 g). Mass spectrum (FAB): 380.1177. Steo C 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-phenethyl)- benzenepropanamide A solution of oxalyl chloride (1.25 mL) in CH 2 CI 2 (25 mL) was cooled to -78°C whereupon DMSO (2.03 mL) was added dropwise over 15 mins. This mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Whereupon a CH2CI2 (25 mL) solution of 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-phenethyl)- benzenepropanamide (1.1 g) was added over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then treated with Et3N (9.2 mL) and stirred for an additional 30 minutes at -78°C, followed by 1.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (100 mL). The organic fraction was separated, washed sequentially with 1N HCI (1 x 50 mL), sat. NaHC03 (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 50-100% EtOAc/Hex gave the title compound (900 mg). Step D β-(3.4-Dichlorophenyl -hydroxy-N-(2-phenethyl)-N-methyl-4- phenyl-1 -piperidinepentamide 3,4-Dichloro-β-(2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-phenethyl)- benzenepropanamlde (900 mg), in MeOH/THF (30 mL, 1:1) was treated sequentially with molecular sieves 3A (800 mg), 4-phenyl-4- hydroxypiperidine HCI (760 mg) and NaBHeCN (150 mg). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was with quenched with water (20mL) and diluted with CH 2 CI 2 (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH 2 CI 2 (3 x 50 mL) The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude oil. Silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-2% MeOH/CH 2 CI 2 gave the title compound (680 mg). Mass spectrum (FAB): 539.2222. The in vitro and in vivo activity of the compounds of formula I can be determined by the following procedures. In vitro procedure to identify NK activity Test compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit the activity of the NKi agonist Substance P on the isolated guinea pig vas deferens. Freshly cut vas deferens are removed from male Hartley guinea pigs (230-350g) and suspended in 25 ml tissue baths containing Kreb's Henseleit solution warmed to 37°C and constantly aerated with 95% O 2 and 5% CO . Tissues are adjusted to 0.5 g and allowed to equilibrate for a period of 30 minutes. The vas deferens are exposed to an electrical field stimulation (Grass S48 Stimulator) every 60 seconds at an intensity that will cause the tissue to contract 80% of its maximum capacity. All responses are recorded isometrically by means of a Grass force displacement transducer (FT03) and Harvard electronic recorder. Substance P inhibits the electrical field stimulated-induced contractions of the guinea pig vas deferens. In unpaired studies, all tissues (control or drug treated) are exposed to cumulative concentrations of Substance P (1X10-10 M - 7X10-7 M). Single log-concentrations of the test compounds are given to separate tissues and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes before a Substance P concentration-response curve is generated. At least 5 separate tissues are used for each control and individual drug-concentration for every drug assay. Inhibition of the Substance P is demonstrated by a rightward shift of its concentration-response curve. These shifts are used to determine the pA 2 value, which is defined as the negative log of the molar concentration of the inhibitor which would require that twice as much agonist be used to elicit a chosen response. This value is used to determine relative antagonist potency. Isolated Hamster Trachea NK^ Assay General methodology and characterization of hamster trachea responses to neurokinin agonists as providing an NK 2 monoreceptor assay is found in CA. Maggi, et al., Eυr. J. Pharmacol. 166 (1989) 435 and J.L Ellis, et al., J. Pharm. Exp. Ther.267 (1993) 95. Continuous isometric tension monitoring is achieved with Grass FT-03 force displacement transducers connected to Buxco Electronics preamplifiers built into a Graphtec Linearcorder Model WR 3310. Male Charles River LAK±VG (SYR) hamsters, 100-200 g fed weight, are stunned by a sharp blow to the head, loss of corneal reflex is assured, the hamsters are sacrificed by thoractomy and cutting the heart. Cervical trachea segments are removed to room temperature Krebs buffer, pH 7.4, aerated with 95% O 2 - 5% CO 2 gas and cleaned of adhering tissue. The segments are cut into two 3-4 mm long ring segments. Tracheal rings are suspended from transducers and anchored in 15.0 ml water jacketed organ baths by means of stainless steel hooks and 6-0 silk. Baths are filled with Krebs buffer, pH 7.4, maintained at 37°C and continuously aerated with 95% O 2 - 5% CO 2 gas. Tracheal rings are placed under 1.0 g initial tension and allowed a 90 min equilibration period with four 1 μM NKA challenge, wash and recovery cycles at 20 min intervals. 30 min vehicle pretreatment is followed by cumulative additions of rising doses of NKA (3 nM - 1 μM final concentration, 5 min intervals between additions). The final NKA response is followed by a 15 min wash and recovery period. 30 min pretreatment with a test compound or its vehicle is followed by cumulative additions of rising doses of NKA (3 nM - 10 μM final concentration if necessary, 5 min intervals between additions). The final NKA response is followed by a 1 mM carbachol challenge to obtain a maximal tension response in each tissue. Tissue responses to NKA are recorded as positive pen displacements over baseline and converted to grams tension by comparison to standard weights. Responses are normalized as a % of the maximal tissue tension. ED 50 's are calculated for NKA from the control and treated NKA dose responses and compared. Test compounds resulting in an agonist dose ratio ≥ 2 at a screening concentration of 1 μM (i.e. pA2 ≥ = 6.0) are considered actives. Further dose response data is obtained for actives so that an apparent pA 2 estimate can be calculated. pA 2 is calculated either by estimation of Kj as described by Furchgott (where pA2 = - Log Kj, R.F. Furchgott, Pharm. Rev. 7 [1995] 183) or by Shild Plot Analysis (O. Arunlakshana & H.O. Shild, Br. J. Pharmacol. 14[1959] 48) if the data is sufficient. Effect of NKjAntaαonists on Substance P-lnduced Airway Microvascular Leakage in Guinea Plαs Studies are performed on male Hartley guinea pigs ranging in weight from 400-650 g. The animals are given food and water ad libitum. The animals are anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of dialurethane (containing 0.1 g/nril diallylbarbituric acid, 0.4 g ml ethylurea and 0.4 g/ml urethane). The trachea is cannulated just below the larynx and the animals are ventilated (Vγ = 4 ml, f = 45 breaths/min) with a Harvard rodent respirator. The jugular vein is cannulated for the injection of drugs. The Evans blue dye technique (Danko, G. et al., Pharmacol. Commun.. 1, 203-209, 1992) is used to measure airway microvascular leakage (AML). Evans blue (30 mg/kg) is injected intravenously, followed 1 min later by i.v. injection of substance P (10 μg/kg). Five min later, the thorax is opened and a blunt-ended 13-gauge needle passed into the aorta. An incision is made in the right atrium and blood is expelled by flushing 100 ml of saline through the aortic catheter. The lungs and trachea are removed en-bloc and the trachea and bronchi are then blotted dry with filter paper and weighed. Evans blue is extracted by incubation of the tissue at 37°C for 18 hr in 2 ml of formamide in stoppered tubes. The absorbance of the formamide extracts of dye is measured at 620 nm. The amount of dye is calculated by interpolation from a standard curve of Evans blue in the range 0.5-10 μg/ml in formamide. The dye concentration is expressed as ng dye per mg tissue wet weight. Test compounds were suspended in cyclodextran vehicle and given i.v. 5 min before substance P. Measurement of NK^ Activity In Vivo Male Hartley guinea pigs (400-500 gm) with ad lib. access to food and water are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9 ml/kg dialurethane (containing 0.1 g/m diallylbarbituric acid, 0.4 g/ml ethylurea and 0.4 g/ml urethane). After induction of a surgical plane of anesthesia, tracheal, esophageal and jugular venous cannulae are implanted to facilitate mechanical respiration, measurement of esophageal pressure and administration of drugs, respectively. The guinea pigs are placed inside a whole body plethysmograph and the catheters connected to outlet ports in the plethysmograph wall. Airflow is measured using a differential pressure transducer (Validyne, Northridge CA, model MP45-1, range ± 2 cmH2θ) which measures the pressure across a wire mesh screen that covers a 1 inch hole in the wall of the plethysmograph. The airflow signal is electrically integrated to a signal proportional to volume. Transpulmonary pressure is measured as the pressure difference between the trachea and the esophagus using a differential pressure transducer (Validyne, Northridge, CA, model MP45-1 , range ± 20 cm H O). The volume, airflow and transpulmonary pressure signals are monitored by means of a pulmonary analysis computer (Buxco Electronics, Sharon, CT, model 6) and used for the derivation of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Coyn)- Bronchoconstriction Due to NKA Increasing iv doses of NKA are administered at half log (0.01-3 μg/kg) intervals allowing recovery to baseline pulmonary mechanics between each dose. Peak bronchoconstriction occurs within 30 seconds after each dose of agonist. The dose response is stopped when Coyn is reduced 80-90% from baseline. One dose-response to NKA is performed in each animal. Test compounds are suspended in cyclodextran vehicle and given i.v. 5 min before the initiation of the NKA dose response. For each animal, dose response curves to NKA are constructed by plotting the percent increase in R or decrease in Crjyn against log dose of agonist. The doses of NKA that increased RL by 100% (RL.100) or decreased Crjyn by 40% (Coy n 40) from baseline values are obtained by log-linear interpolation of the dose response curves. Neurokinin Receptor Binding Assay(s) Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the coding regions for the human neurokinin 1 (NK-i) of the human neurokinin 2 (NK 2 ) receptors are grown in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 2 mM glutamine, 100 units/ml of penicillin and streptomycin, and 0.8 mg of G418/ml at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 . Cells are detached from T-175 flasks with a sterile solution containing 5 mM EDTA in phosphate buffered saline. Cells are harvested by centrifugation and washed in RPMI media at 40°C for 5 minutes. The pellet is resuspended inTris-HCI (pH7.4) containing 1 uM phsphoramidon and 4 ug/ml of chymostatin at a cell density of 30 x lO" 5 cells/ml. The suspension is then homogenized in a Brinkman Polytron (setting 5) for 30-45 seconds. The homogenate is centrifuged at 800 x g for 5 min at 4°C to collect unbroken cells and nuclei. The supernatant is centrifuged in a Sorvall RC5C at 19,000 rpm (44,00 x g) for 30 min at 4°C. The pellet is resuspended, an aliquot is removed for a protein determination (BCA) and washed again. The resulting pellet is stored at -80°C. To assay receptor binding, 50 μl of [ 3 H]-Substance P (9- Sar, 11 -Met [02]) (specific activity 41 Ci/mmol) (Dupont-NEN) (0.8 nM for the NK-1 assay) or [ 3 H]-Neurokinin A (specific activity 114 Ci/ mmole) (Zenca) (1.0 nM for the NK-2 assay) is added to tubes containing buffer (50 mM Tris-HCI (pH 7.4) with 1 mM MnCl2 and 0.2% Bovine Serum Albumin) and either DMSO or test compound. Binding is initiated by the addition of 100μl of membrane (10-20 μg) containing the human NK-1 or NK-2 receptor in a final volume of 200 μl. After 40 minutes at room temperature, the reaction is stopped by rapid filtration onto Whatman GF/C filters which have been presoaked in 0.3% polyethylenimine. Filters are washed 2 times with 3 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCI (pH7.4). Filters are added to 6 mis of Ready-Safe liquid scintillation cocktail and quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry in a LKB 1219 RackBeta counter. Non-specific binding is determined by the addition of either 1 μM of CP-99994 (NK^ or 1μM SR-48968 (NK 2 ) (both synthesized by the chemistry department of Schering-Plough Research Institute). IC5 0 values are determined from competition binding curves and Ki values are determined according to Cheng and Prusoff using the experimentally determined value of 0.8 nM for the NK-| receptor and 2.4 nM forthe NK 2 receptor. Using the test procedures described above, the following data were obtained for representative compounds of formula I: For all of the compounds of the invention, the NKi binding is in a range of about 7-97% inhibition at 1 μM concentration. For all of the compounds of the invention, the NK 2 binding is in a range of about 0- 90% inhibition at 1 μM concentration. It should be understood that while the NK 2 binding for certain compounds of the invention is as low as 0% at 1 μM concentration, that at higher concentrations these compounds may have NK binding inhibition activity. Activities of representative compounds of the invention in the above Neurokinin Receptor Binding Assay are as follows: β -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,4-diphenyl •1 -piperidinepentamide Binding; NKi Kj = 150 nM; N Kj = 5.2 nM. β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-N- (phenylmethyl)- 1 -piperidinepentam ide Binding; NKi Kj = 6.8 nM; Ntø Kj = 108 nM. β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-[(3- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide Binding; NKi Kj = 12 nM; NK2 Kj = 215 nM. β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-[(2- methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinepentamide Binding; NKi Kj = 7.5 nM; NK2 Kj - 33 nM. β-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-phenyl-N-(2- phenylethyl)-1 -piperidinepentamide Binding; NKi Kj = 70 nM; NK2 Kj m 46 nM. The Kj of a compound is that concentration at which the compound caused 50% inhibition of either NKi or NK 2 . For those compounds of the invention having higher than 50% inhibition of NKj , Kj 's for NKi were determined. The Kj 's for NKi for such compounds fell within a range of about 6.8nM to about 215 nM. For those compounds of the invention having higher than 50% inhibition of NK2 , Kj 's for NK2 were determined. The Kj 's for NK2 for such compounds fell within a range of about 5.2nM to about 215 nM. It will be recognized that compounds of formula I exhibit NKi and NK 2 antagonist activity to varying degrees, i.e., certain compounds have strong NKi antagonist activity, but weaker NK 2 antagonist activity. Others are strong NK 2 antagonists, but weaker NK-| antagonists. While compounds with approximate equipotency are preferred, it is also within the scope of this invention to use compounds of with unequal NK-|/NK 2 antagonist activity when clinically appropriate. Compounds of formula I have been found to be antagonists of both NK-i and NK 2 receptors, and are therefore useful in treating conditions caused or aggravated by the activity of NKi and NK receptors. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Compounds of this invention can be administered in conventional oral dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, powders, cachets, suspensions or solutions, or in injectable dosage forms such as solutions, suspensions, or powders for reconstitution. The pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared with conventional excipients and additives, using well known formulation techniques. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and additives include nontoxic and chemically compatible fillers, binders, disintegrants, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, flavorings, thickeners, coloring agents, emulsifiers and the like. The daily dose of a compound of formula I for treating asthma, cough, bronchospasm, inflammatory disease, migraine, nociception and gastrointestinal disorders is about 0.1 mg to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably about 0.5 to about 15 mg/kg, more preferably 0.5 to about 5 mg/kg. For an average body weight of 70 kg, the dosage range is therefore from about 1 to about 1500 mg of drug per day, preferably about 50 to about 100 mg , given in a single dose or 2-4 divided doses. The exact dose , however is determined by the attending clinician , and is dependent on the potency of the compound administered, the age, weight, condition and response of the patient.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: The invention relates to compounds of the formula wherein each i and j is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2; each n is independently selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3; and each n' is independently selected from the group consisting of 1 , 2 and 3; wherein A and A 1 are H, or A and A' taken together are =O, =S; or =N-R4; X is selected from the group consisting O, CO, C(R, R-|), NR-i, and S(0) e wherein e is 0, 1, or 2; R is selected from the group consisting of H, ORβ, CON(Rβ)2, CN, S(0) θ Rβ, SO e N(Re)2, CO2R8, and NR4COR8; Ri is selected from the group consisting of H, (Cι-Cβ)-alkyl (C 3 -C 8 )- cyclo-alkyl, , and ; R2. R 3 , R5, Re and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, (Ci-CβJ-alkyl, CF3, C2F5, ORβ, CORβ, CO2R8, CON(R 8 , Re), N(R 8 , Re), N(Rβ)CORβ, S(0) β Rβ, OC(0)R4, OC(0)N(R 8 , R4), NR 8 C0 R4, NRβ(CO)N(R 8 ,R8). Ri5-phenyl, Rι 5 .benzyl, NO2, NRβS02R4, -S(0)2N(Rβ)2 or when R 2 and R3 or any two of R5 , Re and R7 are on adjacent carbons they may form a -O-CH2-O- group; each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, and substituted benzyl; each Re is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, and substituted benzyl; each R-I5 is independently H, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy; and U is (A) (B) (C) o» „ <E> n" is independently selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2 and 3; the dashed line is an optional carbon-carbon bond; R16 is H, (Cι-Cβ)-alkyl_ -S(0)2 4, CORβ, CO2R4 where R4 is not H, CON(Rβ)2. Ri5-phenyl or RiδJMnzyl; substituted means substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of H, (Ci-Cβ) alkyl, OCF3, CF3, and C2F5. 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein i is 1 and j is 1. 3. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein n is 1 , n" is 0, 1 , or 2, and n' is 1. 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein n, n', and n" are all 1. 5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein n, and n' are both 1, and n" is 0. 6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein n, and n' are both 1, and n" is 2. 7. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein A and A' are both H 8. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein A and A' taken together are =0. 9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X is C(R, R-i). 10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R is ORβ, CON(Rβ)2 CN, or NR4COR4. 11. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein X is NR1 . 12. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Ri is 13. A compound according to claim 10, where n is 0 or 1 and Re is H. 14. A compound according to claim 10, wherein R2, R3, R5, Re and R7 are H, halogen, Ci-Cβ alkyl, CF 3 , OR 8 , COR 8 , C0 2 Rβ, CONR 8 ,Rβ, or 15. A compound according to claim 10, wherein Rιβ is H or alkyl. 16. A compound according to claim 10, wherein each R 8 is selected from the group consisting of H, C Cβ alkyl, and Ris-phenyl . 17. A compound according to claim 10, wherein R 8 is H or substituted alkyl. 18. A compound according to claim 10, wherein U is (A) (B) < C > . or <P) 19. A compound according to claim 1, selected from the group consisting of Cl Cl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 20. A composition comprising a neurokinin antagonistic effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier material. 21. A method for inducing neurokin antagonism which comprises administering a neurokinin antagonistic effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 to a mammal in need thereof. 22. A method for treating chronic airway diseases such as asthma and allergies; inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis; migraine; central nervous system disorders such as depression, psychosis, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease; Down's syndrome; neuropathy; multiple sclerosis; ophthalmic disorders; conjunctivitis; auto immune disorders; graft rejection; systemic lupus erythematosus; Gl disorders such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; disorders of bladder function; circulatory disorders such as angina; Raynaud's disease; coughing and pain which comprises administering a neurokinin antagonistic effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 to a mammal in need thereof.

Inventors: ALAIMO CHERYL A, CARRUTHERS NICHOLAS I, ALAIMO, CHERYL, A., CARRUTHERS, NICHOLAS, I.
Applicants: SCHERING CORP, SCHERING CORPORATION
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C07D211
IPC codes: C07D211, C07D295, C07D401, C07D405