Incubator tilt mechanism

Abstract: A tilt mechanism for use with an infant care apparatus such as an incubator to place and retain the infant care apparatus in a desired tilt angle. The tilt mechanism includes two sets of crossed links, each set forming an X between the links. One end of each link is rotatable affixed to a fixed base and the other end rotatably affixed to the infant care apparatus. A locking device is used that allows the infant apparatus to be manually moved by means of the crossed link sets to the desired angle and then locked into that position. With this mechanism, the entire infant apparatus is tilted rather than only some internal bed or infant platform.

Description: This invention relates to infant care equipment, such as incubators, and, more particularly, to a mechanism for adjusting the angular position of infant care equipment. There is, of course, a need in the care for infants, to place the infant at an angular position, either with the head raised or the feet raised in order to create a particular desired environment for the infant, i.e. the Trendelenberg and Fowler positions. Current incubators have various means of providing that tilt to the infant, one of which is shown and described in U.S. Patent 4,734,945 and which provides a mechanism within the incubator that tilts the bed or platform on which the infant is positioned. US-A-4,628,553 describes a mechanism for tilting an infant container by means of two pistons acting between the container and a base. GB 1,352,764 discloses a mechanism for raising and tilting a hospital bed by means of a scissor mechanism. In the current tilt mechanisms, however, much of the actual mechanism is inside the infant incubator and therefore takes up room that otherwise may be used for other purposes. Such mechanisms are placed underneath the infant bed within the incubator and include various means of operating the mechanisms from outside the incubator. As a further problem, when the infant bed itself is elevated, a portion of the infant is thereby raised up from the normal position within the incubator and access to the infant itself is thus impeded when the user opens the front door to attend to the infant. In addition, since some tilting mechanisms actually operate through or directly adjacent the front door, the operation of the door itself may be compromised. The present invention provides an infant care apparatus as set out in the accompanying claims. There is herein described, a tilt mechanism for use with infant care equipment in which the incubator itself does not contain any of the mechanism needed to carry out the tilting function. As used, herein, reference will be made in the preferred embodiment to an infant incubator, however, the present tilt mechanism may be readily used with other infant care equipment where the angular position of the infant needs to be changeable, such other equipment including infant warmers. The present tilt mechanism is positioned underneath the infant incubator itself and acts to tilt the position of the entire incubator, thus, access to the infant through the front door or to other parts of the interior of the incubator are not impeded by the position of a tilted mattress within the incubator. The infant incubator may be tilted to the desired position and the inherent stability of the mechanism can maintain the incubator in that position, however, in the preferred embodiment, a locking means may further be employed to lock rigidly the infant apparatus into the desired tilt angle. One such locking mechanism can readily be a simple hydraulic cylinder where the infant incubator may be tilted to any desired position and maintained in that position merely by stopping the flow of hydraulic fluid within the hydraulic cylinder. The present tilt mechanism therefore can be used with a variety of incubators and the angular position of the incubator readily changed as desired and the position maintained as long as desired. As a further feature, the tilt mechanism is inherently stable as the centre of gravity moves during other tilting process only slightly and then to a position of good stability. Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, reference being made to the Figures of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:- Figure 1A, 1B and 1C are schematic views of an infant care apparatus tiltable by a tilting mechanism constructed in accordance with the present invention; FIG 2A and 2B are schematic views illustrating the overall tilting mechanism and demonstrating the inherent stability of the tilt mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic rear view of a tilt mechanism of the present invention showing the components and the locking mechanism used to retain the infant care apparatus in the desired position; and Figure 4 is a schematic view of a further embodiment of the present invention having an enlarged link replacing two individual links of the FIG 2A and 2B embodiment; and Figure 5 is a schematic view of a still further embodiment of the present invention having only two elongated links making up the tilting mechanism. In Figure 1A-1C, there are shown schematic views of an infant incubator 10 that is tiltable to various positions by means of tilt mechanism 12 positioned intermediate the infant incubator 10 and a support base 14. As is conventional, the base 14 supports the infant incubator 10 and may include doors 16 for cabinet space to store various materials for attending to the infant and may further include wheels 18 for easily moving the infant incubator 10 from one location to another within the infant care environment. As previously explained, the present description will be with reference to an infant incubator, it being understood, however, that the same tilt mechanism may be used with other infant care apparatus. such as infant warmers, bassinets etc. that require a change of angle of the infant in carrying out certain therapy. The infant incubator 10 itself is basically conventional and may be constructed in accordance with the incubator shown and described in U.S. Patent 4,936,824 of Koch et al. As part of the present invention, however, the same tilt mechanism may be used with any incubator, including the intensive care incubator of Maluta, U.S. Patent 4,321,913, the emphasis being that the present tilt mechanism can be used with any infant care apparatus since it tilts the apparatus itself and not merely the internal bed or other internal structures of the infant care apparatus. The incubator 10 includes a base 20 made of a structural plastic material and which contains the equipment and controls necessary for a functioning incubator. A transparent hood 22 sits atop the base 20 of infant incubator 10 and allows the attending personnel to view into the infant incubator 10 to keep a visual contact with the infant contained therein. As better described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,936,824, the hood 22 also generally includes a front door, hand holes and the like for access to the infant. As shown in Figure 1A, the infant incubator 10 is at its level, horizontal position and is supported in that position by the tilt mechanism 12 and which includes a pair of links, a first link 24 and a second link 26 that are crossed to form an X with respect to each other. A similar set of crossed links are provided at the rear of the incubator 10 but are not shown in FIG 1A. As used, herein, the separate pairs of crossed links are referred to by their relative position with respect to the incubator 10, the set of crossed links shown in FIG 1A, i.e. first and second links 24, 26 are the front pair while the pair, not shown and which are positioned nearer the rear of the infant incubator 10 are the rear pair of crossed links, it being clear that two sets are utilized and which are positioned opposite each other. In the preferred embodiment, the pairs of crossed links are positioned near the front and rear of the infant incubator 10 so that the tilting of the infant incubator 10 will occur along its length so as to tilt the infant contained therein to raise or lower the head with respect to the infant's feet. It will be noted that the front and rear crossed links are similar in operation and construction such that the description of the FIG 1A-1C Figures will describe only the front crossed links, first link 24 and second link 26. The rear crossed links are basically mirror images of the front crossed links. Both the first and second links 24 and 26 are mounted in a similar fashion, that is, both have one end thereof rotatably affixed to the base 20 of the infant incubator 10 and the other ends rotatably affixed to the support base 14. It should be noted that unlike scissor type of mechanisms, there is no connection, such as at the centre, between the individual links 24 and 26. The connections between the ends of the first and second links 24 and 26 and the base 20 of the infant incubator 10 and the ends connecting to the support base 14 are only rotatable junctions, in no instance does any end of a link move laterally with respect to the incubator base 20 or the support base 14. As shown in FIG 1A, when the infant incubator 10 is in the level position, the infant incubator 10 is raised from the support base 14 and the amount that such infant incubator 10 is raised is determined by the length of the first and second links 24 and 26. It is preferable, and necessary to the operation of the tilting mechanism 12 that there be some clearance between the incubator base 20 and the support base 14 as will become apparent. In FIG 1B, the infant incubator 10 is shown tilted to the right and in Figure 1C, the infant incubator 10 is shown as tilted to the left. Either position is sometimes desirable for the positioning of an infant and the exact position depends upon the particular therapy being provided to the infant. Turning now to Figures 2A and 2B, there is shown schematic views of the tilt mechanism 12 of the present invention and illustrating the inherent stability of the system. In Figures 2A and 2B, the incubator 10 is merely shown, for purposes of illustration, as a rectangular box and the tilt mechanism 12 is positioned between the infant incubator 10 and a base plate 28. First and second links 24 and 26 are shown and which are rotatable connected to the infant incubator at pivot points 30 and 32 and to the base plate 28 at pivot points 34 and 36. The centre of gravity of infant incubator 10 is diagrammatically illustrated at point 38. In FIG 2A, therefore, when the infant incubator 10 is its level position, the centre of gravity 38 is centrally located. As the infant incubator is tilted by means of the tilt mechanism 12, the new position of the centre of gravity is shown in Figure 2B in the solid lines; the centre of gravity 38 in the original, utilised position is shown in dotted lines. As can be seen, the centre of gravity 38 of infant incubator 12 has moved laterally to the right and risen slightly, thereby making the infant incubator 10 stable and potentially self righting. In addition, as can be seen, in the event of a failure of the tilt locking mechanism 12, the system will return the infant incubator 10 to its level position, thereby preventing the system from inadvertently overtilting the infant incubator 10 to the point where the infant is in a stressed tilt position. As is also noted on FIGs. 2A and 2B, the horizontal length of the base axis is indicated as a length A and the length of a link is indicated as a length B. By simply modifying the lengths A and B of the base axis and moving links, the dynamic and static movements of the mechanism may be changed as desired. Thus, by changing such lengths, the mechanism may have the characteristic that it will tend to return to a self righting position or, in the alternative, the mechanism can have the characteristic that it will tend to remain in the position to which it is moved. Accordingly, the characteristic of the tilt mechanism may, to a great extent, be determined and designed into the mechanism by means of the selection of the lengths A and B as shown in FIGs. 2A and 2B. Turning finally to Figure 3, there is shown, a rear schematic view of an infant tilt mechanism 12 supporting and tilting an infant incubator 10. This view is taken from the rear of the incubator 10 to show that the tilt mechanism 12 is basically the same whether viewed from the front or the rear . In this Figure the support base 14 comprises an elevating column 40 which allows the user to raise or lower the infant incubator 10. Mounted atop the elevating column 40 is a table top 42 to which the tilt mechanism 12 is affixed. The tilt mechanism again includes a pair of crossed links, this time third link 44 and fourth link 46. Each of the links 44 and 46 has one end thereof rotatably attached to the table top 42 and the other end thereof rotatable affixed to the base plate 28, with the respective links forming an X therebetween. As shown, one convenient means of carrying out such attachment is by means of a flange 48 that is affixed to the table top 42 by bolts 50. Third and fourth links 44 and 46 are thus easily attached to the flange 48 by conventional mean including pins 52 that fit through holes in the flange 48 and which are secured by C-clips. Thus, the third and fourth links 44,46 are rotatably secured to the table top 42 at pivot points 54 and 56 similar to the pivot points 34 and 36 of Figure 1A-!C for the crossed links at the front of the infant incubator 10. In a similar conventional manner, the other ends of the third and fourth links 44, 46 are rotatably secured to the tiltable base 58. As shown in Figure 3, the tiltable base 58 is a flat, planar surface upon which any incubator or other infant care equipment may be placed securely, however, it should be noted that the invention can be utilized where the tilt mechanism 12 is affixed directly to the base of the particular piece of equipment and not require the intervention of a flat surface as shown in this Figure 3. Again, however, the other ends of the third and fourth links 44, 46 are rotatably affixed to the tiltable base 58 at pivot points 60 and 62 and such pivot points may be formed of conventional means such as pins secured to various flanges such as 64 and 66. At this point, the tiltable base 58 or, incubator base, is readily tiltable by the operator to move the infant to a head up or feet up position. As indicated, however, the tilt mechanism may, by selecting the dimensions of the various base axis and the links, be made stable when moved to a selected position or be made to return readily to a stable level position. In the case of infant apparatus, however, it is also advantageous to add a further locking device to insure that the infant apparatus remains in the particular position selected by the operator and some positive locking mechanism utilized. An appropriate locking mechanism can thus be provided to retain the tiltable base 58 in the position desired by the user. Basically, that locking mechanism may be of a wide variety of devices to hold the tiltable base 58 in position, one of which is shown in Figure 3 as a hydraulic cylinder 68. In such embodiment, one end of the hydraulic cylinder 68 is affixed to the table top 42 by a retaining pin 70 contained by retaining rings and the outer end of the piston 72 is secured to the tiltable base 58 by means such as a clamp 74. Accordingly, as the tiltable base 58 is tilted by the user, the piston 72 moves outwardly or inwardly with respect to the hydraulic cylinder 68. To secure the tiltable base 58 in it desired position, it is only necessary to secure the piston 72 with respect to the hydraulic cylinder 68 and allow it to move freely when the tiltable base 58 is being moved by the user. There are, of course, various ways to lock and release a piston within a hydraulic cylinder, one of which is shown in Figure 3 where a valving arrangement is provided within the hydraulic cylinder itself operable by a rod 74 extending through the piston 72. A simple mechanism is thus needed to operate the hydraulic cylinder by depressing and releasing the rod 74 and a release lever 76 may be incorporated into the tiltable base 58 operating a lever 78 to lock or release the movement of the piston. An alternate arrangement may be used such as the closed circuit hydraulic fluid arrangement shown and described in U.S. 4,628.553 of Buttitta et al to allow tilting and locking of an infant care apparatus. Turning next to Figure 4, there is shown a schematic view of a tilting mechanism of the present invention and where one set of two links of the previous embodiment has been replaced with a laterally elongated link 80. having an elongated lateral width C as shown in the Figure 4. A further set of links 82 and 84 are also provided and which are positioned similar to the Figure 2A and 2B embodiment. As before, one end 86 and 88 of each of the links 82 and 84 are affixed to the support base 14 and the other ends 90, 92 are affixed to the base of the infant incubator 10. Each of means of attaching the links are rotatable attachments so that the links 82 and 84 are free to rotate at their points of attachment to infant incubator 10 and support base 14. The elongated link 80, likewise, has one end 94 rotatably affixed to the support base 14 and the other end 96 rotatably affixed to the base on the infant incubator 10. As before, the means of rotatably attaching any of the links 82, 84 and 80 may be by conventional means and are represented only schematically in the Figure 4. Accordingly, as may be seen in the Figure 4 embodiment, the infant incubator 10 may be tilted to various positions with the tilting mechanism even though the tilting mechanism has only three links, one of which is elongated in its lateral dimension. Finally, in Figure 5, there is shown a schematic view of the crossed linking tilt mechanism of the present invention where only two elongated links 98, 100 are utilized. Again, one end 102, 104 of each of the links 98, 100 are affixed to the support base 14 and the other ends 106,108 affixed to the base of the incubator 10. Again, the links 98, 100 are rotatably affixed to the incubator 100 and the support base 14 so that they can move freely. In the case of the Figure 5 embodiment the elongated links 98, 100 are positioned laterally with respect to each other and, as previously explained, there is no connection between the links along their lengths and they form an X therebetween. As can be readily seen, the overall important feature of the tilt mechanism of the present invention is that the links are not be joined to each other but are rotatably affixed to the infant apparatus and to the support base to carry out the present invention.

Claims: An infant care apparatus comprising an infant container (10) for supporting an infant and a tilt mechanism (12) for selectively adjusting the tilt angle of the infant container (10), wherein the tilt mechanism (12) is located outside the infant container (10), between the infant container (10) and a fixed base (14,28), characterised in that the tilt mechanism (12) comprises first and second link means (98,100), each link means having one end (102,104) rotatably affixed to the fixed base (14) at a fixed point along the fixed base and its opposite end (106,108) rotatably affixed to the infant container (10) at a fixed point on the infant container. An infant care apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, in which said first and second link means (80,100) are crossed with respect to each other to form an X configuration therebetween. An infant care apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, in which each link means is disposed respectively along the front and rear of the infant container (10) and each link means includes a pair of links (24, 26) crossed to form an X therebetween, each link (24, 26) having one end (34, 36) rotatably affixed at a fixed point to the fixed base (28) and the opposite end (30, 32) rotatably affixed at a fixed point to the infant container (10). An infant care apparatus as claimed, in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a locking means (68, 72) is mounted intermediate the fixed base (42) and the infant container (10) and is selectively lockable to lock the infant container (10) at a desired tilt angle relative to the fixed base (42). An infant care apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 wherein said locking means comprises a hydraulic cylinder (68). An infant care apparatus as claimed in Claim 5 wherein said hydraulic cylinder (68) includes a movable piston (72) that is lockable by an operator to a desired position. An infant care apparatus as claimed in Claim 6 wherein said piston (72) includes a valve operable by an actuator mechanism (74) convenient to the operator for locking said piston (72) in a selected position. An infant care apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein said infant container is an infant incubator (10).

Inventors: DYKES CHRISTOPHER A, SIMENAUER ROBERT M, DYKES, CHRISTOPHER A., SIMENAUER, ROBERT M.
Applicants: DATEX OHMEDA INC, DATEX-OHMEDA, INC.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61G11
IPC codes: A61G11, A61G7