METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENFORCING HYGIENE

Abstract: A system of hygienic control employing a name tag (10) to be attached to each worker in a hygienically controlled area. Each name tag (10) has a clear signaling light source (28) thereon indicating the worker is sanitary, and an unsanitary signaling light source (26) thereon indicating the worker has not practiced the proper sanitation procedures. The unsanitary light source (26) is enabled when the worker enters a sanitation area, such as a rest room, and is disabled when the worker has washed his/her hands with soap and water. Also, the clear signaling light source (28) is enabled when the worker has complied with the proper sanitation procedure.

Description: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENFORCING HYGIENE Technical Field This invention relates to improvements in methods and apparatus for enforcing hygiene. The dangers of unclean practices in restaurants and hospitals have been well known for many years. Bacteria and other microbial organisms which are the cause of many conta- gious diseases are capable of being transmitted from infected individuals to many other people if sanitary conditions are not maintained in such setting where the micro-organisms thrive and where people are susceptible to receiving into their bodies such microbial micro-organisms. At the present time, many diseases, such as hepatitis, have been found to be transmittable due to a failure of people to wash their hands with soap and water after using a public toilet. In fact, some public health laws require those in the food distribution field to wash their hands each time they enter the toilet facilities before they resume their duties. In the main, the requirement for employees to wash their hands is attempted by the posting of signs and/or intermittent checks by supervisory personnel. Background Art Some efforts to produce systems for enforcing hygienic practices in such facilities as restaurants and hospitals have been proposed. However, known prior systems have relied in such tools as audible signals to workers who exit a toilet facility without having done such things as turn on a water faucet or operate a hand drying apparatus . Such systems do not assure that the worker has washed his or her hands with soap and water and can be easily circumvented. Disclosure Of The Invention The present invention provides a system and method for requiring workers in a hygienically controlled area to wash their hands with soap and water before exiting an associated sanitation area. A name tag is provided for each worker which has both a clear signaling light and an unsanitary signaling light source thereon. The signaling light is enabled when the worker wearing the name plate enters the sanitation area and is not disabled until the worker has washed his/her hands with soap and water. When such washing has been completed, the clear signaling light is enabled. The means for enabling the unsanitary signaling light when the worker enters the sanitation area is preferably accom- pushed with a digitally encoded radio frequency transmitter to reduce the possibility of an accidental enabling of the unsanitary signaling light in a regular working area. The means for disabling the unsanitary signaling light is preferably accomplished by using an infrared transmitter, the signals from which can be received by a receiver on the name tag within a limited distance from the transmitter. This transmitter is preferably enabled by a detector associated with a hand dryer in the sanitation area. The detector is prefera- bly responsive to a certain range of dilution of a detectable gas being emitted from the soap mixture as the worker's hands are being dried. By providing a limited range of dilution sensitivity, circumvention of the system will be difficult. Brief Description Of The Drawings Figure 1 is a typical layout of a work area with rest rooms; Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a name tag which will be worn by each person to be monitored; Figure 3 is a block diagram of the electrical/electronic components contained in a name tag; Figure 4 is a block diagram relating to a radio frequency transmitter employed in enabling an unsanitary signaling light on a name tag; and, Figure 5 is a bock diagram of an infrared transmitter employed in disabling the unsanitary signaling light when a person has washed his/her hands with soap and water. Beet Mode for Carrying out the Invention System Overview People required to work (Fig. 1) in a hygienically controlled area Zone A will wear a name tag. This name tag will indicate at all times whether the person has followed sanitary health habits as determined, for example, by statutes (i.e. Oklahoma State Department of Health under Section 3-201) . The name tag shall contain circuitry to allow a green light emitting diode (a clear signaling light) to flash approximately one half second every ten seconds to indicate that the person is following correct procedures. Two zones, Zone A indicating the person's normal working area, and Zone B described as the rest room or designated area for practicing sanitary health habits (sanitation area) , shall be established. When the person enters Zone B, the name tag shall flash a red light emitting diode (an unsanitary signaling light) approximately one second every ten seconds as a result of a digitally encoded radio frequency transmitter (Transmitter I) mounted in Zone B and triggered by the door. After washing with a special soap mixture which will contain a dilute concentration of alcohol, a gas detector associated with the hand dryer will enable an infrared transmitter (Transmitter II) . The transmitter II will cause the name tag to return to the safe (green flashing light emitting diode) condition. The system is comprised of three specific components: 1.) a name tag with an infrared receiver, a radio frequency receiver and digital control logic. 1 2. ) a radio frequency transmitter (digitally encoded) 2 Which can be triggered at a predetermined interval . 3 3. ) a hand dryer equipped with an infrared transmitter 4 which can be triggered by an alcohol detector which 5 registers concentration levels in the "safe region" 6 and is inhibited when the concentration level is 7 above or below the "safe region" concentration. 8 Detailed Description 9 The name tag and associated high level block diagram is 10 shown by Fig. 2 and 3. The actual name tag 10 may be, for 11 example, 7.62 cm. (3 in.) wide x 3.18 cm. (1 1/4 in.) high x 12 1.27 cm (1/2 in.) deep. The name tag can be powered by batter- 13 ies 12 (Fig. 3) or solar power depending upon the application. 14 The name tag 10 contains surface mount electronic devices, both 15 discrete and integrated silicon, which allow several thousand 16 equivalent digital logic gates, as well as analog circuitry to 17 be contained in a very small area. 18 The block diagram (Fig. 3) shows two receivers. One 14 is 19 an infrared receiver capable of detecting an infrared transmit- 20 ted signal at distance from, for example, zero to 6.1 M (20 21 ft.) . The other receiver 16 is a radio frequency type. Due to 22 the very short antenna arrangement on the name tag 10 itself, 23 the receiver 16 has a limited range of, for example, 15.24 M 24 (50 ft.) to 30.48 M (100 ft . ) . This is actually desirable since 25 Zone B is actually much smaller than this in practice. Also, 26 the R.F. transmitter power level (Transmitter I) will be 27 controlled to avoid false triggering of the receiver 16 when 28 the person is in Zone A. Two control flip flops, 18 and 20, one 29 counter 22, and one timer 24 are all included in the name tag 30 10 as part of the digital logic. The digital logic provides the 31 following: 32 1.) a two second oscillator 22 which provides a clock to 33 gate all digital signals. 34 2.) a timer which disables the R.F. receiver 16 on the 35 tag 10 for approximately 15 to 30 seconds after the 36 infrared receiver 14 has detected a signal. This allows the person time to leave Zone B without allowing the R.F. receiver 16 to detect a newly transmitted signal. 3.) a control flip flop 18 which determines whether the red 26 or green 28 light emitting diode will flash. 4.) a control flip flop 20 which disables the R.F. receiver 16 until the timer 24 determines it is appropriate for the receiver to function again. Industrial Applicability Name tag operation The name tag 10 contains its own power supply 12, such as 4 each 1.25 volt nickel cadmium batteries, which provides 5.0 volts. This power supply can be recharged as necessary by either solar cells or from a more conventional source, 115 V.A.C . All circuitry, where possible, is CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) to minimize the power consumption and prolong battery life. When the name tag 10 is powered on by pinning the on the person, infrared receiver 14, a radio frequency receiver 16, and necessary digital logic (18, 20, 22, and 24) is activated. Upon powering on the name tag 10 the first time, the light control flip flop 18 is reset, therefore, the red light emitting diode 26 is blinking. This insures that the person must begin the work period by practicing sanitary health habits. When the infrared receiver 14 detects a transmitted infrared signal the light control flip flop 18 is set and the green light emitting diode 28 will begin blinking on approxi- ately l/10th of a second every two seconds. This timing control signal is generated by a two second oscillator 22 which generates a 100 millisecond strobe every two seconds. This signal is fed to the control lead (C) , of light control flip flop 18 which enables the output of the light control flip flop 18. When the person enters Zone B, the radio frequency trans- mitter I is triggered by, for example, a door activated magnetic switch as will be discussed below. The radio frecque- ncy receiver 16 intercepts the digitally encoded R.F. carrier and sends a logic low to an inverter, 30, which is nanded with the output of the R.F. control flip flop 20, in the nand gate 32. If the R.F. control flip flop 20 has been set by the timer 24 out line then the nand gate 32, is enabled and a logic low will reset the light control flip flop 18. When the light control flip flop 18 is reset, the red light emitting diode 26 will turn on approximately 100 milliseconds every two seconds. The red light emitting diode 26 will continue to blink until an infrared carrier is received by the infrared receiver 14. At that time the light control flip flop 18 is set and the green light emitting diode 28 is allowed to blink at the previously mentioned duty cycle. However, the output of the infrared receiver 14 is also routed to the reset line of the timer 24 which will allow the timer to count the output pulses of the two second oscillator 22. The same infrared output signal is routed to the reset line of the R.F. control flip flop 20. This will cause the Q output to become a logic low, thus disabling the nand gate 32, so that any radio frequency signals received will not reset the light control flip flop 18. The radio frequency signals will remain disabled until the timer out signal from 24 goes to a logic low at the end of the timer counting sequence of approximately twenty to thirty seconds (adjustable for a given situation) . At that time the R.F. control flip flop 20 is set and the Q output goes to a logic high. The nand gate 32 is once again enabled, thus allowing R.F. signals to reset the light control flip flop 18 when R.F. signals are received by receiver 16. This feature allows a person in Zone B who has properly followed the sanitary health habits, approximately thirty seconds to casually exit Zone B. Thus, the unsanitary signaling light 26 will remain disabled, and the clear signaling light 28 will remain enabled when the person re-enters the work area A. As shown by Fig. 4. The digitally encoded radio frequency transmitter I may be enabled by either a magnetically operated door switch 34 associated with the door leading to a sanitation 1 area, or by a shorting plug 36, each of which enables the 2 transmitter I through suitable trigger circuitry 38 in a manner 3 well known in the art. The switch 34 would be mounted to 4 momentarily enable the transmitter I each time the door to the 5 sanitation area is opened; whereas the shorting plug would 6 provide an intermittent operation of the transmitter I, such 7 as enabling the transmitter I for one second every thirty 8 seconds . 9 The transmitter I is, as previously stated a radio fre- 10 quency type operating with a carrier frequency of for example, 11 49 or 72 MHZ, and a field strength of less than, for example, 12 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The actual field strength 13 required is less than the maximum permitted by the Federal 14 Communications Commission. The field strength is adjustable by 15 selecting the effective length of the antenna 40 of the 16 transmitter. A circuit such as provided by National Semiconduc- 17 tors LM 1871, obtainable from National Semiconductor, 2900 18 Semiconductor Dr., Santa Clara, California 95052-8090, may be 19 used and provides a digitally encoded (6 channel) R.F. signal. 20 As shown by Fig. 5, the output of the infrared transmitter 21 II is through a suitable lens 42, and the transmitter II is 22 enabled and disabled by suitable trigger circuitry 44 as will 23 be known to those skilled in the art. As previously men- 24 tioned, the transmitter II will be mounted in association with 25 the hand dryer 46 in the rest room or other sanitation area and 26 arranged such as to transmit an infrared signal to the receiver 27 14 in the name tag 10 when a person is drying his or her hands 28 at the hand dryer. The light output of the transmitter II is 29 modulated with, for example, a 32.7 KHZ carrier and pulse code 30 modulation to improve the signal to noise ratio and eliminate 31 false triggering of the infrared receiver 14 on the name tag 32 10 . 33 A suitable soap dispenser 48 will be provided adjacent the 34 hand dryer 46 to contain a soap mixture containing a detectable 35 gas emitting substance, such as alcohol. As the person using 36 the sanitation facilities dries his/her hands with the hand dryer, the gas emitted from the person's hands will be suitably detected to enable the transmitter II when that concentrations within a safe range. For example, when the gas emitting substance is alcohol, the safe concentration levels will be in the range of about 50 to about 1,000 parts per million. Thus, a person will have difficulty circumventing the required hygienic procedures as, for example, by not using soap during the hand washing procedure. In other words, if the person using the facilities does not perform the hand washing operation in an acceptable manner, the unsanitary signaling light 26 will not be disabled when the person's hands are being dried. When the detectable gas emitting substance is alcohol, the trigger circuitry 44 can be initiated by one or more alcohol detectors 50, such as Model 12 LG manufactured by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co., Seton Business Center, 4701 Mt . Hope Dr., Baltimore, MD 21215. With this arrangement, one of the detec- tors 50 may be adjusted to detect the alcohol concentration in the safe range to enable the trigger circuitry 44, and the second alcohol detector 50 can be adjusted to respond to concentrations above and below the safe range to disable the trigger circuitry 14 and prevent the transmitter II from being enabled. Changes may be made in the combination and arrangement of parts or elements, as well as steps and procedures, heretofore set forth in the specification and shown in the drawing without departing from the spirit of the inventions defined in the following claims.

Claims: Claims 1. A system for encouraging workers in a hygienically controlled area (zone A) to wash their hands before exiting an associated sanitation area (zone B) , comprising: a name tag (10) for each worker, a clear signaling light (28) on each name tag, an unsanitary signaling light (26) on each name tag, means (16,20,32,38) for enabling the unsanitary signaling light (26) on a name tag when the worker wearing the name tag enters the sanitation area, and means (14,18,20,24) for disabling the unsanitary signaling light that said worker has likely washed his/her hands with soap and water, and then enabling the clear signaling light (28) on said name tag. 2. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the first mentioned means (16,20,32,38) includes a first transmitter positioned in the sanitation area (zone B) and a compatible receiver (16) on each name tag. 3. A system as defined in claim 2 wherein said first transmitter is a digitally encoded transmitter. 4. A system as defined in claim 2 characterized further to include means (22) for enabling the first transmitter intermittently. 5. A system as defined in claim 2 characterized further to include means (38) for enabling the first transmitter I for a predetermined time period when a worker enters the sanitation area (zone B) . 6. A system as defined in claim 2 wherein the first transmitter I is a radio frequency transmitter. 7. A system as defined in claim 6 wherein the first transmitter I is digitally encoded transmitter. 8. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the second mentioned means (14,18,20,24) includes a soap mixture (48) in the sanitation area (zone B) having a dilute concentration of a detectable gas emitting substance therein. 9. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein said substance is alcohol . 10. A system as defined in claim 8 characterized further to include a water supply (48) and a hand dryer (46) in the sanitation area adjacent the soap mixture (48) , and a second transmitter II, and a detector means (50) associated with the hand dryer (46) and the second transmitter II responsive to said detectible gas for enabling the second transmitter. 11. A system as defined in claim 10 wherein said detector means (50) enables the second transmitter II only when it detects a concentration of said detectible gas within a preselected range. 12. A system as defined in claim 11 wherein said preselected range is selected to more assuredly indicate the worker has washed his/her hands with soap and water. 13. A system as defined in claim 11 wherein said substance is alcohol and said range is between about 50 and about 1,000 parts per million. 14. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the second mentioned means (14,18,20,24) includes means (18,20,24,32) for preventing the first mentioned means (16,20,32,38) from reenabling the unsanitary signaling light (26) for a predetermined period of time and after the unsanitary signaling light has been disabled, whereby the said worker has time to exit the sanitation area. 15. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the clear signaling light includes a green light emitting diode (28) . 16. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the unsanitary signaling light includes a red light emitting diode (26) . 17. A method for encouraging workers in a hygienically controlled area (zone A) to wash their hands before exiting an associated sanitation area (zone B) comprising the steps of, attaching a name tag (10) on each worker having a clear signaling light (28) and an unsanitary signaling light (26) thereon, enabling the unsanitary signaling light (26) when a worker wearing one of said name tag (10) enters the sanitation area (zone B) and disabling the unsanitary light signal and enabling the clear signaling light that said worker has likely washed his/her hands with soap and water in the sanitation area. 18. The method defined in claim 17 characterized further to include, positioning a first transmitter I in the sanitation area (zone B) and a compatible receiver (16) on each name tag (10) for enabling the unsanitary signaling light (26) on each name tag. 19. The method defined in claim 18 wherein the first transmitter is digitally encoded. 20. The method defined in claim 18 characterized further to include the step of enabling the transmitter intermittently. 21. The method defined in claim 18 characterized further to include the step of enabling the first transmitter for a predetermined time period when a worker enters the sanitation area. 22. The method defined in claim 18 wherein the first transmitter is radio frequency transmitter (16) . 23. The method defined in claim 22 wherein the first transmitter is digitally encoded. 24. The method defined in claim 17 characterized further to include the step of locating a soap mixture (48) in a sanitation area having a dilute concentration of detectable gas emitting substance therein. 25. The method defined in claim 24 wherein said substance is alcohol . 26. The method defined in claim 24 wherein the sanitation area (zone B) has a water supply (48) and wherein the method is a hand dryer (46) adjacent the soap mixture (48) and characterized further to include the steps of, locating a second transmitter II in the sanitation area; locating a detector (50) in association with the hand dryer (46) and the second transmitter; and enabling the second transmitter when the detector senses the given concentration of said gas. 27. The method defined in claim 26 characterized further to include a step of, enabling the second transmitter only when the detector detects a concentration of said detectible gas within a preselected range. 28. The method defined in claim 27, wherein said range is selected to more assuredly indicate that the worker has washed his/her hands. 29. The method defined in claim 27 wherein said substance is alcohol and said range is between about 50 and about 1,000 parts per million. 30. The method defined in claim 17 characterized further to include the step of preventing the reenabling of the unsanitary signaling light (26) for a predetermined period of time after the unsanitary signaling light has been disabled.

Inventors: BALLEW WALTER D, EVANS BENNIE R, BALLEW, WALTER, D., EVANS, BENNIE, R.
Applicants: EVANS BENNIE R, EVANS, BENNIE, R.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: G08B5
IPC codes: G08B21