Inserter for flat products

Abstract: A device for transporting flat products consisting of feeders (2) for introduction of flat products into openable pockets (11). The pockets (11) move in a closed path and each reveives one or more inserts. Specific and preferred pocket conveyor (3), sprocket (50), and divider (57) designs are also set forth.

Description: The present invention relates to an openable pocket capable of movement in a downstream direction in a closed path and adapted to receive and retain a flat, flexible product, said openable pocket comprising a fixed wall, having an upper edge and a lower edge parallel thereto, and a movable wall, having a near edge adjacent that lower edge, said upstream wall hinged at that near edge to said fixed wall adjacent said lower edge for movement between an open position, wherein said movable wall and said fixed wall are spaced apart, and a closed position, wherein said movable wall and said fixed wall are adjacent each other. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION An openable pocket of this type is known from WO-A-87/07881. At the known openable pocket the movable wall is connected to a cam follower which is attached to a pocket cam follower arm which is attached to a hinge of the pocket. When cam follower arm rotates the movable arm will also rotate causing the pocket to close. A pocket gripper is rotatably mounted on the fixed wall. The pocket gripper is used to hold the front of the product against the fixed wall. From DE-C-516168 there is known a device having openable pockets adapted to receive and retain flat, flexible products. Each openable pocket comprises a fixed wall and a movable wall. The movable walls of all openable pockets are star-like rotatably mounted on a shaft at their lower edges which are parallel to the upper edges of the pockets. Each movable wall is rotatably mounted on a fixed wall at its lower edge adjacent the lower edge of the fixed wall. Each fixed wall is provided with a lever connected to the lower edge of the movable wall. A tension spring is mounted at a fixed end on a fixed surface of the fixed wall and on the end of the lever extending from the movable wall. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an openable pocket suitable for endless conveyors comprising such pockets to have flights of the conveyor relatively close to each other. This object is achieved with an openable pocket according to Claims 1 or 2. The present invention facilitates placing of flat products (i.e. newspaper jackets and/or inserts therefor) into the conveyor. For convenience, the Invention will be primarily described in connection with pockets wherein the walls are hinged to each other at their lower ends. In addition, the description will focus on pockets wherein the upstream wall is movable and the downstream wall is fixed. However, it is to be understood that these are not limitations on the Invention, but rather that it is broad enough to encompass pockets wherein the walls are not hinged to each other, and in which either or both of the walls are movable. The conveyor passes around a rotatable member at extremities of the path. The rotatable members have diameters which are greater than the distance between adjacent flights of the conveyor, so that the lower edges do not contact each other as the conveyor passes around the rotatable members. Thus, the conveyor has raised ends and a lowered central portion. Since the operators place the inserts in the feed hoppers along the central portion, it is of advantage to keep the center low so as to facilitate this operation. In a desirable form of the pockets of the Invention, at least one wall carries an actuator bar which is substantially parallel to the hinge; the bar is slidably mounted thereon so that it can move in a direction substantially perpendicular to the hinge. Thus, when pressure is exerted on the bar, the wall is biased toward one of its two positions, preferably toward the closed position. In a preferred form of the Invention, the bar is mounted loosely in its bracket. Thus, the wall is permitted substantial flexibility to accommodate outer sections into which the inserts have been unevenly introduced. In a further embodiment of the present Invention, each of the pockets carries a first pair of bushings, one on each side thereof. The bushings are adapted for connection to complementary bushings on the following pocket. Similarly, the preceding pocket has bushings which are connected to the first pocket, thereby coupling the pockets together along the path of the conveyor. Associated with the bushings are rollers which support the pockets and also cooperate with the sprockets at the ends of the path to drive the conveyor. Specifically, the rollers fit into notches on the sprocket. The sprocket is also provided with a plurality of opening cams, one for each notch. As each pocket is engaged by the sprockets, the opening cams, cooperating with cam followers on the pockets, cause the pockets to open and remain open during the travel of the pocket around the sprocket. As a result, when the pocket reaches its inverted position, any residual papers or inserts fall out under the influence of gravity. A further stationary cam is provided as the pockets exit the sprockets to prevent sudden closing thereof. As a result, the pockets are first opened, then emptied, and then allowed to close slowly to avoid damage. In Missed Insert Repair Systems (MIRS), provision is made for the failure of a given insert station to feed its insert into the opened jacket. When this is detected, the remaining insert stations are disabled for this specific pocket. This pocket is then permitted to go around the complete cycle and return to its first missed insert station, at which point the station, as well as the subsequent stations, is enabled once again so that the paper receives all of its intended inserts. However, in order to accomplish this, it is necessary that, when this pocket reaches the sprocket, it remains closed so that the jacket and the inserts which have been properly introduced do not fall out. To do this, the opening cams on the sprocket are movable, preferably in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sprocket. In one position, the opening cam contacts the cam follower to open the pocket in the normal way. However, when a missed insert pocket reaches the sprocket, the opening cam is moved into another position wherein it does not contact the cam follower. As a result, this pocket is not opened and the portion of the paper contained therein remains so that a suitable repair can be made. In a further aspect of the present Invention, the edges of the jackets are secured to the inner surfaces of the walls by the application of vacuum thereto. To accomplish this, there is provided a stationary plenum which is adjacent one side of the openable pockets. Each pocket is provided with a suction cup connected to vacuum tubes which terminate at the face of one of the walls thereof, preferably the fixed downstream wall. An endless belt, which passes around rotatable idlers at its extremities, is located so that one flight thereof is between the plenum and the pockets. Vacuum holes are provided on the belt, spaced apart at a distance corresponding to the distance between successive vacuum cups on the pockets. The belt also has notches or teeth and the pockets are adapted to engage the belt at the notches or teeth, thereby driving it. In this manner, the vacuum in the plenum is transferred to the pockets. Since the pockets themselves drive the belt, proper timing is insured without the necessity of expensive or complicated mechanisms. As an alternative construction, the belt may carry vacuum transmitting elements which bear against - and are complementary to - the vacuum inlets on the corresponding pockets. Protuberances can be provided on the belt which are engaged by the pockets. Another embodiment is directed to the provision of a pair of flexible - preferably leaf - springs on the upstream wall. These springs urge the paper, when in the pocket, toward the downstream wall and away from the upstream wall. They are located near the fold so that they do not interfere with the opening of the jacket. Alternatively, the springs can be mounted on the downstream wall and urge the jacket toward the upstream wall. The springs provide a further advantage. At high speed, the jackets are inserted into the pockets at a very rapid rate. As a result, there is a tendency for them to rebound when they hit the bottom of the pocket. The presence of the springs cushions the stop and aids in preventing the paper from becoming misaligned due to the speed at which it is introduced. In another preferred form of the device, the pockets have a spring (advantageously a compression spring), with a fixed end mounted on the outer surface of the downstream wall. The spring extends, from the fixed end, parallel to the outer surface, toward the lower edge thereof, and terminates in a movable end. There is a lever, pivotally mounted on the downstream wall at a pivot point, which has an actuated arm extending from the pivot point with a distal end in contact with the movable end of the spring. The lever also has a receiving arm extending from the pivot point toward the upstream wall and terminating at a pressure end, the pressure end being in contact with the upstream wall. As a result, the compression spring exerts pressure on the actuated arm, through the pivot, to the receiving arm, whereby the pressure end urges the upstream wall toward the closed position. This receiving arm is connected to an actuator bar which is loosely mounted on the upstream wall. The bar extends substantially parallel to the hinge and is retained in a bracket which is elongated in the direction perpendicular to the hinge. Thus, when the pocket is closed, the actuator bar bears against the upstream wall and presses it firmly against the downstream wall. However, as the pocket is opened, the actuator bar presses against the underside of the portion of the bracket which is parallel to the upstream wall. Since the actuator bar is loosely mounted therein, the upstream wall is no longer rigidly secured. As a result, it can flex to accommodate uneven inserts, when in the closed position. As a modification of the foregoing, the compression spring may be mounted on the upstream wall or there may be compression springs on both walls. In a somewhat different context, a further problem may arise which is also solved by a feature of the present Invention. In the double feed mode, a pair of jacket feeders is provided, each operating at half speed and feeding alternate pockets. As a result of the slow speed of each hopper, relative to the speed of the pocket conveyor, the jackets fed thereby may not fully enter the opened pocket as it passes beneath the feeder. As a result, as the falling jacket is hit by the horizontally moving upstream wall, there is a tendency for the trailing portion of the jacket to fall over the upper edge of the upstream wall in the upstream direction. This prevents the jacket from sliding entirely into the pocket and may also interfere with the introduction of the jacket into the following pocket by the adjacent feeder. To solve this problem, the pockets are provided with a device which causes the jacket to assume an arcuate configuration which is concave in the upstream direction. As a result, the jacket is stiffened and its tendency to fold over the upper edge of the upstream wall is minimized. This facilitates its slide into the pocket to reach the bottom thereof. In one form of the present Invention, the upstream wall of each pocket, when in the open position, is adjacent the downstream wall of the pocket immediately upstream thereof. The device for causing the arcuate formation is on the downstream side of the downstream wall of the upstream pocket. For example, a suitable chamfer angling inward and downward intermediate the sides of the downstream wall has been found suitable for this purpose. Alternative constructions are also available. The downstream wall may have a V-notch or protuberances thereon to cause the desired shape to be formed. A further possibility is the use of an arcuate shape of the wall to achieve the same result. It is to be understood that the present Invention is not limited to any particular means for forming this shape, as alternatives to the foregoing will readily suggest themselves to the person of ordinary skill. Furthermore, although it is preferred that the shape be concave in the downstream direction (convex in the upstream direction), it is entirely feasible to accomplish the reverse, i.e. the shape can be convex in the downstream direction (concave in the upstream direction). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters indicate like parts, Figure 1 is a schematic elevation of the device of the present Invention with parts omitted for clarity; Figure 2 is a schematic elevation of one end of the conveyor of the present Invention with parts omitted for clarity; Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a pocket according to the present Invention; Figure 4 is a schematic elevation showing the successive pockets which form a linked plurality thereof; Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a plan view of the apparatus for application of vacuum to the pockets; Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the belt of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a schematic view from the left end of Figure 6; Figure 9 is a partial, fragmentary view of the vacuum cup on a pocket; Figure 10 is a partial fragmentary elevation of the sprocket and pockets, some parts being omitted for clarity; Figure 11 is a partial, fragmentary view taken from the right side of Figure 10; Figure 12 is a schematic perspective view of the side opener assembly; Figure 13 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 with the pockets closed; Figure 14 is a schematic elevation of the end of the conveyor opposite to that of Figure 2; and Figure 15 is a perspective view analogous to that of Figure 5 with parts broken away for clarity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Transfer device 1 comprises feeders 2 and conveyor 3. Conveyor 3 forms outgoing flight 4, wherein pockets 11 are prepared to receive a product from stack 6. Singulator 47 feeds one product 7 to gripper 48 which carries it around feed wheel 8. Drive sheave 10, through drive belt 49, rotates feed wheel 8. Jacket 7, as shown in the left feeder 2 of Figure 1, is then dropped into one of pockets 11. As can be seen particularly in Figure 2, hinges 19 approach each other very closely as the conveyor travels around pairs of sprocket wheels at the extremities of the path. In order to permit this, enlarged diameter section 12 is provided at these points. This enables hinges 9 to clear one another during this portion of the travel and still allow flights 4 and 5 to be relatively close to each other. It provides an added advantage whereby flight 4 can be located at a convenient height for the operator(s). The idler end of conveyor 3 may comprise sprocket wheels analogous to those shown in Figure 2. However, it has been found advantageous to use the construction of Figure 14. As can be seen therein, enlarged diameter section 12 is shown within frame 73. Idler cams 74 are provided and rollers 37 roll thereover. This eliminates the necessity for a second pair of sprocket wheels. The construction of pocket 11 is best shown in Figure 3. It comprises fixed wall 13 having upper edge 17 and lower edge 18. Movable wall 14 includes far edge 15 and near edge 16. Fixed wall 13 and movable wall 14 are connected at hinge 19 adjacent near edge 16 and lower edge 18. Fixed wall 13 has upper portion 21 which is at an angle to lower portion 22. On outer surface 23 is mounted compression spring 25 extending between fixed end 24 and movable end 26. Actuated arm 27 connects movable end 26 with pivot 28. On the other side of pivot 28 is receiving arm 29 which engages actuator bar 30. Exterior surface 20 of movable wall 14 carries bracket 31 in which bar 30 is slidable. Referring to Figures 3 and 13, the pockets are shown in open and closed position, respectively. Actuator bar 30 is loosely mounted in bracket 31, thus forming gap 79. The loose fit permits movable wall 14 to assume positions which are not parallel to fixed wall 13 when in the closed position. Thus, if inserts into jacket 7 are introduced unequally, thick end 56 can be accommodated without risk of damaging movable wall 14 or allowing the inserts to slip out. In operation, the pressure of spring 25 on movable end 26 urges actuated arm 27 in the downward direction as shown in Figure 3. This force is transmitted through pivot 28 to receiving arm 29 and causes bar 30 to move upwardly in bracket 31, thereby bringing movable wall 14 to its closed position. Referring more specifically to Figures 4 and 5, the formation of linked plurality 32 of pockets 11 is shown. Center pocket 11 has following bushings 33 which engage following pocket 36; similarly, preceding bushings 34 engage preceding pocket 35. Rollers 37 and 38 support plurality 32 and the pockets. Rr use in connection with vacuum, vacuum inlets 39 are provided in upper portion 21 of the pockets. Linked plurality 32 of pockets 11 is shown in perspective in Figure 15. It is a feature of one embodiment of the present Invention that fixed wall 13 is provided with chamfers 80. As jacket 7 is inserted into pocket 11, the force of movement in the downstream direction of arrow 77, together with the configuration of the device, (especially chamfers 80), causes jacket 7 to bow at 76 in the upstream direction . This curved shape tends to stiffen jacket 7 and prevent upper end 78, which extends beyond upper portion 21 of pocket 11, from folding over the outer surface of upper portion 21. The manner of formation of the bow at 76 is not critical. Providing fixed wall 13 with chamfers 80 is one way of accomplishing this. Alternatively, downstream wall 13 and/or upstream wall 14 may be arcuate in shape, bowing upstream in the direction opposite to arrow 77. Thus, when paper 7 rests thereon, it assumes the desired shape. In another modification, chamfers 80 can be a V-shape, which would achieve substantially the same result. Even protuberances extending downstream from the downstream face of fixed wall 13 will provide the bowing effect. While Figure 15 shows the elements for causing bowing at 76 on fixed wall 13, this is not essential. Movable wall 14 can carry similar devices to accomplish the same result. In the latter case, however, it is more advantageous if there is a space between movable wall 14 of one pocket 11 and fixed wall 13 of the immediately upstream pocket 11 when the pocket is in its open position. In order to be certain that the pockets are empty of any residual papers or inserts at the end of the insertion cycle, the sprocket is provided with a particular mechanism for doing so. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, sprocket 50 carries notches 52 into which support rollers 40 of pockets 11 fit. As sprocket 50 rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 10, cam followers 53 bear against opening cams 51. Locking support roller 81 enters notch 52; thereafter, trailing support roller 82 enters the next notch 52. This causes cam follower 53 to bear against cam 51, thus opening the pocket, the rotation of sprocket 50 inverts the open pocket. As a result, pockets 11 are emptied by a combination of centrifugal force and gravity. In order to prevent pockets 11 from snapping shut violently, and hence risking damage thereto, stationary cam 54 bears against cam followers 53 and guides them so that closure of pockets 11 is accomplished slowly. A modification of the foregoing is useful when the Missed Insert Repair System is being used. When this system senses that an insert has. been missed, it disables the gripper opening cam so that the paper will go through a second cycle to pick up the missing insert. In the most preferred form of the device, all of the inserting stations subsequent to the one which was missed are also disabled. Thereafter, when the paper is returned to the original missed station, all of the subsequent stations are enabled. In this situation, the specific pocket to be recycled must not be opened and emptied when traveling around sprocket 50. This is accomplished by moving the selected opening cam 51 which corresponds to the missed insert pocket in a direction perpendicular to the plane of sprocket 50. Opening cam 51 becomes inoperative cam 55 as shown in dotted lines in Figure 11. In this position, the cam does not contact cam follower 53 and the specific pocket is not opened. The vacuum system is shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9. Plenum 41 is located within the path of vacuum belt 42. Upper portions 21 are equipped with suction inlets 43 which are in communication with vacuum inlets 39. On belt 42 are vacuum holes 72. Idlers 46 permit belt 42 to be driven by pockets 11. In operation, teeth 45 mounted on pockets 11 engage notches 70 on belt 42. As pockets 11 are driven, belt 42 is carried along therewith. Since plenum 41 is under vacuum, this vacuum is communicated through vacuum holes 72, vacuum cups 44, suction inlets 43, and vacuum tubes 71 to vacuum inlets 39. Plenum 41 is proportioned with regard to the cycle of pockets 11 so that vacuum is applied thereto only when required. In operating apparatus of this kind, it is desirable to be able to adjust the point between the pocket walls at which the jacket is divided for introduction of the inserts while the apparatus is running. To accomplish this, as shown in Figure 12, each pocket 11 carries side opener 57 which is attached thereto by brackets 59. Rod 58 is slidably mounted therein for movement in either direction as indicated by arrow 60. Divider 61 is adapted for movement in the directions indicated by arrow 62. As the pocket carrying side opener 57 moves past actuating cam 67, actuating cam follower 68 is urged inwardly (toward the upper left), carrying with it divider 61. Rod 58 is spring biased outwardly, so that actuating cam follower 68 will bear against actuating cam 67 as the pocket passes thereby. Thus, the paper is separated thereby into two portions, between which the inserts are to be introduced. To adjust the dividing point, adjustment cam 66 is provided. Adjustment cam follower 65 is connected to link 64 through pin 63. As adjustment cam follower 65 is urged inward, link 64, and divider 61, are moved toward the lower left. When adjustment cam follower 65 moves outwardly, link 64 and divider 61 move toward the upper right. Since adjustment cam follower 65 is spring biased outwardly, and adjustment cam 66 can be set at various positions in the directions of arrow 69, the precise point at which divider 61 will enter the paper can easily be set. Moreover, since the setting is only of stationary cam 66, this can be accomplished without stopping the operation of the machine. Although only a limited number of specific embodiments of the present Invention have been expressly disclosed, it is, nonetheless, to be broadly construed and not to be limited except by the character of the claims appended hereto.

Claims: An openable pocket (11) capable of movement in a downstream direction in a closed path and adapted to receive and retain a flat, flexible product (7), said openable pocket (11) comprising a fixed wall (13), having an upper edge (17) and a lower edge (18) parallel thereto, and a movable wall (14), having a near edge (16) adjacent said lower edge (18), said movable wall (14) hinged at said near edge (16) to said fixed wall (13) adjacent said lower edge (18) for movement between an open position, wherein said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13) are spaced apart, and a closed position, wherein said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13) are adjacent each other, characterized in that an actuator bar (30) is provided parallel to said near edge (16) and slidably mounted on said movable wall (14) for movement perpendicular to said near edge (16) whereby pressure exerted on said bar (30) urges said movable wall (14) toward at least one of said open position and said closed position. The openable pocket (11) according to Claim 1, characterized in that a compression spring (25) is provided having a fixed end (24) mounted on a fixed surface of said fixed wall (13), said spring (25) extending from said fixed surface parallel to an outer (23) surface toward said lower edge (18) and terminating in a movable end (26) which is in contact with a distal end of an arcuated arm (27) of a lever pivotally mounted on said fixed wall (13) at a pivot point (28), said arcuated arm (27) extending from said pivot point (28), said lever having a receiving arm (29) extending from said pivot point (28 toward said movable wall (14) and terminating at a pressure end, which engages said actuator bar (30) which is in contact with said movable wall (14), said spring (25) exerting spring force on said arcuated arm (27) and said receiving arm (29) so that said pressure end urges said bar (30) to move said movable wall (14) toward said closed position. The openable pocket according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said fixed wall (13) is a downstream wall and that said movable wall (14) is an upstream wall. The openable pocket according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one flexible spring is provided on one of said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13) urging said product (7), when in said openable pocket (11), toward one of said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13). The openable pocket according to Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that said fixed wall (13) has an upper portion (21) adjacent an entire said upper edge (17) and a lower portion (22) adjacent said lower edge (18), said upper portion (21) being bent in said downstream direction relative to said lower portion (22), and a vacuum is applied to said upper portion (21). The openable pocket according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one said wall (14) has a far edge (15), remote from said lower edge and parallel thereto, said bar (30) being mounted nearer said far edge (15) than said near edge (16), when said pocket (11) is in said closed position. The openable pocket of Claim 1 wherein said bar has end portions extending beyond said downstream wall and said upstream wall, and actuating rollers are provided on said end portions. The openable pocket according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is a plurality of brackets (31) on at least one said wall (14), each of which has an opening therethrough parallel to said near edge (16) said opening (79) being elongated perpendicular to said near edge (16). The openable pocket according to Claim 1, characterized in that said bar (30) is loosely mounted on said exterior surface (20) and permits said movable wall (14) to be not parallel to said fixed wall (13) when said pocket (11) is in said closed position. The openable pocket according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a near side, perpendicular to said lower edge (18), and a far side, parallel to said near side and spaced apart therefrom in a transverse direction perpendicular to said downstream direction, and, a first pair of first bushings (34), one mounted on said near side of said openable pocket (11) and another mounted on said far side of said openable pocket (11), said first bushings (34) adapted for connection to an immediately preceding pocket (35) downstream of said openable pocket (11), a second pair of second bushings (33), one mounted on said near side of said openable pocket (11) and another mounted on said far side of said openable pocket (11), said second bushings (33) adapted for connection to an immediately following pocket (36) upstream of said openable pocket (11), said pockets (35, 11, 36) thereby being adapted to form a linked plurality of successive pockets (35, 11, 36). The openable pocket according to Claim 4, characterized in that said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13) are biased toward said closed position. The openable pocket according to Claim 2, characterized in that said force end contacts one of said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13) on an exterior surface thereof remote from the other said wall. The openable pocket according to Claim 2, characterized in that one of said movable wall (14) and said fixed wall (13) has a near edge (16) adjacent and parallel to said lower edge (18), a bracket (31) on said exterior surface (20) extending parallel to said exterior surface (20) and perpendicular to said near edge (16), said force end being slidably mounted therein. The openable pocket according to Claim 2, characterized in that said pressure end contacts an actuator bar (30) having a diameter, said bar (30) being substantially parallel to said near edge (16) and slidably mounted on said exterior surface (20) for movement substantially perpendicular to said near edge (16). The openable pocket according to Claim 14, characterized in that a bracket (31) on said exterior surface extends parallel to said exterior surface, and perpendicular to said near edge (16) is provided, said bracket (31) being perpendicularly spaced apart from said exterior surface (20) by a distance greater than said diameter, whereby said actuator bar (30) is loosely mounted on said upstream wall (14) which is thereby permitted limited motion with respect thereto. The openable pocket according to Claim 14, characterized in that there are two levers, spaced apart parallel to said near edge (16), each said pressure end engaging said bar (30). The openable pocket according to Claim 4, characterized in that said spring is a leaf spring having one end mounted on an outside of said movable wall (14) or said fixed wall (13), there being a wall opening therein through which said spring extends. The openable pocket according to Claim 17, characterized in that there are two springs, spaced apart in a spring direction parallel to said lower edge (18).

Inventors: BUSH LAWRENCE, COHEN NEAL B, DAVENPORT GARY L, HONEGGER ROGER, SEIDEL RANDY R, SILVA ROBERT M, BUSH, LAWRENCE, COHEN, NEAL B., DAVENPORT, GARY L., HONEGGER, ROGER, SEIDEL, RANDY R., SILVA, ROBERT M.
Applicants: GRAPHIC MAN ASSOCIATES, GRAPHIC MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATES
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B65H39
IPC codes: B65H5, B65H39