Check valve for fluid bladder

Abstract: A check valve (30) provides a one-way fluid passage (38) from without to within a fluid bladder (10) formed by a pair of plastic sheets (16, 18) sealed together about their periphery (20, 21). The check valve (30) is formed by a pair of superimposed films of thermoplastic material (32, 34), generally equal in length, thermally bonded together at predetermined areas (36) to define the fluid passage (38) throughout the length of the valve (30). The inlet end (64) of the valve (30) has a V-shape edge (58) with the apex pointing in a direction opposite the one-way fluid flow. Each of the films (32, 34), adjacent the V-shape edge (58) of inlet end (64), is sealed to one of the outer sheets (16, 18) where the valve (30) enters the bladder (10) by a seal line of similar V-shape. Each of the films (32, 34) has a high-gloss, cohesive inner surface (54) and a matted, non-cohesive outer surface (55). At least one of the films (32, 34) includes, on its inner surface (54), a release material (40) disposed at a location which corresponds to the area at the inlet end (64) of the fluid passage (38) through the peripheral seal (21) of the bladder (10) to prevent the fusing together of the films (32, 34) at that area of the seal (21). The terminal ends (72) of the superimposed films (32, 34) extend in surface-to-surface relation into the bladder (10) to provide a "duck-bill" type check valve (30).

Description: This invention relates to check valves associated with fluid chambers or inflatable bladders and, more particularly, such valves are formed of thermoplastic film material and which are adapted to be used in combination with a fluid pump or other bladder inflation device. A check valve for fluid bladders in combination with a pumping chamber and inflatable bladder similar to the present invention is disclosed in my U.S. Patent 5,144,708 ('708 Patent). The pumping chamber and inflatable bladder have two sheets of heat-sealable material sealed about the periphery thereof. The check valve comprises two superposed sheets or films of heat-sealable material sealed together along their sides to form a channel therebetween to permit fluid flow therethrough. The check valve is heat-sealed between the pumping chamber and the inflatable bladder at one end thereof to provide one-way fluid flow from the pumping chamber to the bladder. The two sheets which form the check valve are coated by a barrier material at the location in which the valve is to be heat-sealed between the pumping chamber and bladder to prevent the check valve from being sealed "closed." As disclosed in the '708 Patent, the check valve is of generally rectangular form. The seal that secures the check valve between the pumping chamber and bladder is chevron shape with its apex pointed towards the pumping chamber or inlet end of the valve. The chevron shape seal facilitates the opening of the check valve during the pumping action. The pumping action forces the fluid against the apex of the chevron seal, causing the seal to separate or peal back to thereby "open" the check valve to permit fluid to flow therethrough. It has been found though that the rectangular check valve disclosed in the '708 Patent exhibits sporadic difficulty in pumping when the sheets of material used to form the pumping chamber and inflatable bladder, such as a combination of film and fabric, are relatively stiff. The difficulty in pumping arises because portions of the inlet end of the valve, which are not sealed to the outer sheets, remain fused together during the pumping action. The stiff material reduces the degree of expansion across the V-shape seal such that the unsealed inlet edge does not fully "open" thereby reducing the fluid flow which makes the pumping action difficult. In addition, it has been found that the initial flow of fluid through the check valve for the first time may, on occasion, be blocked because of incidental sticking together of the layers adjacent the outlet end of the valve. According to the present invention, there is provided a check valve for use with an inflatable bladder having upper and lower sheets of synthetic plastic material, said check valve comprising two layer elements also of synthetic plastic material sealed together at their side edges to form a fluid flow channel and fusible to said sheets, said fluid flow channel having an inlet end and an outlet end, said inlet end comprising a fluid inlet opening which is further defined by a release material interposed between the layer elements at the inlet end and the channel so as to prevent sealing of the channel when the layer elements are fused to the bladder, characterised in that said inlet end has a V-shape such that the apex of the V defines said fluid inlet opening. Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. By providing a wholly thermoplastic check valve having a chevron contoured edge and inflatable bladder combination, the sporadic blocking of the check valve disclosed in the prior art may advantageously be overcome. In a preferred form, a check valve of the above type has a semi-circular cutout disposed at the outlet end of the valve in order to overcome the difficulty with the initial passage of fluid through the valve. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a thermoplastic valved, fluid pump and inflatable bladder combination of the type embodying this invention; Fig. 2 is a section taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrative of the method of fabrication of the pump and bladder combination of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating one step in the method of preforming the outlet check valve of the pump; Fig. 6 is a perspective view which depicts one problem overcome by the method embodying this invention; Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views which depict the preferred method of fabricating plastic check valves embodying this invention; Fig. 9 is a plan view showing the check valve of Fig. 8 associated with a fluid bladder; Fig. 10 is an enlarged plan view of Fig. 9 showing the check valve associated with a fluid bladder; and Fig. 11 is an enlarged plan view of the prior art showing the check valve associated with a fluid bladder. The present invention is an improvement upon the check valve for fluid bladders disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,144,708 ('708 Patent) to overcome a problem of sporadic difficulty with the pumping action of said bladder inflating device. A check valve embodying this invention is shown generally at 30 in Figs. 1, 3 and 4 and is illustrated in combination with fluid pump 6, including one fluid chamber 8, which may be a pumping chamber, an inflatable bladder or second chamber 10, and a push-button type exhaust valve 12. It will be recognized that the check valve 30 may be used for providing one-way gas or liquid (hereinafter referred to as "fluid"), flow into any type of inflatable bladder or between separate fluid chambers, especially where it may be important to prevent fluid bleeding from one chamber to another as a result of a fluid pressure spike occurring in the one chamber. Such spike pressures would, for example, likely be encountered in athletic shoe fluid bladder applications where the foot impacts upon the sole chamber of the fluid bladders while, at the same time, much lower pressure would exist in one of the upper chambers of the fluid bladder. The pump 6 comprises an inner core of reticulated, open-cell elastomeric foam 14 encapsulated between two outer layers of superimposed, thermoplastic sheet material or combination of fabric and thermoplastic material 16 and 18 . The two sheets are adapted to be fused, bonded or sealed together about their peripheral edges, as indicated at 20 in Fig. 1, by heat-sealing, or radio-frequency (R.F.) energy technique, to form the inflatable bladder. At the same time, seal 21 also fuses the sheets together about the perimeter of the foam body 14 , thereby forming the pumping chamber 8 . The pump 6 may be of any suitable configuration, depending upon the application to which the pump will be adapted. It is essential that the foam 14 consist of an open cell, reticulated and resiliently flexible elastomeric material, such as a polyurethane foam, having an uncompressed thickness of about 1.270 cm (.5 inch) to 2.540 cm (1 inch) and volume of about 1.270 to 2.540 cubic cm (.5 to 1 cubic inch). The upper sheet 16 , best shown in Figs. 1 and 4, is provided with two holes 22 and 24 . The former serves as an inlet check valve, while the hole 24 serves to receive therethrough the stem portion 25 of the exhaust valve 12. The elastomeric foam body 14 may be cubical, as shown in Fig. 1, or may be of cylindrical configuration with a circular outer periphery and is preferably a reticulated, open-cell polyurethane foam which has 10 to 50 pores per inch and may be of any suitable size and shape, depending upon the application. A 2.540 cm (1 inch) cube of such foam of 1.270 cm (.5 inch) to 2.540 cm (1 inch) in thickness, or a cylinder of 2.540 cm (1 inch) in diameter by 1.270 cm (.5 inch) to 2.540 cm (1 inch) in thickness, have been found to operate in a highly satisfactory manner. In any event the open-cell foam is sealed within the pumping chamber of the device, except for hole 22 and the fluid passage provided by a check valve 30 (Figs. 1, 3 and 4). The check valve 30 is adapted to extend from without to within the inflatable bladder 10 through the peripheral seal line 21 and, as shown in Fig. 1, may extend from pump chamber 8 into the inflatable chamber 10 . The check valve 30 is of the "duck-bill" variety which provides for one-way fluid flow to chamber 10 from the high pressure chamber 8 defined by the foam 14 , upper and lower sheets 16 and 18 and the peripheral seals 20 and 21 . The valve 30 consists essentially of two superposed layers of heat-sealable plastic film 32 and 34 sealed together along laterally-spaced zones of their side edges, as at 36 , so as to define a central channel 38 which serves for the one-way fluid flow from the pumping chamber 8 into the fluid bladder 10. The outer layers 16 and 18 may be thermoplastic sheet material, such as polyurethane or polyvinylchloride, which may range in thickness from about .0127 cm (.005 inch) to .1270 cm (.050 inch). The inner layers 32 and 34 consist of plastic films in the range of .00254 cm (.001 inch) to .0381 cm (.015 inch) in thickness, a substantially lesser gauge than that of the outer layers 16 and 18 . The films 32 and 34 are preferably formed as the same material as the outer layers. It is essential that the channel 38 remain "open" from the chamber 8 to the chamber 10 through the area of the seal 21 along the perimeter of the foam despite the fact that the outer surfaces of the plastic films 32 and 34 are simultaneously sealed to the inner surfaces of the upper and lower sheets 16 and 18. This unsealed area or zone is provided by a barrier material or coating 40 disposed between the opposed inner surfaces of the films 32 and 34 , as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The barrier material 40 is preferably applied to opposed areas on both films and is of sufficient area and thickness to prevent heat or R.F. energy sealing together of the so-coated area of the films 32 and 34 when the sealing of sheets 16 and 18 is being carried out in the assembly process to form the two fluid chambers 8 and 10 . Such sealing is prevented even though those areas of the films are disposed in abutting relationship and subjected to sufficient energy so that the outer surfaces of the films will be sealed to the inner surfaces of the bladder. The one-way check valve 30 is biased "open" at one end by the sheets 16 and 18 and by the adjacent edge of foam 14 while the other ends of the films, disposed within the bladder, have an inherent tendency to remain in intimate surface-to-surface contact because of the construction of the valve and texture of the films. The barrier coating 40 may be applied by conventional printing techniques, such as silk screening, rotogravure or flexographic process. Preferably, the coating is applied as a composition in a liquid dispersion medium of an organic solvent or water base with a dispersed phase of finely divided microscopic particles, on the order of five (5) microns in diameter, of a polyethylene, a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) or silicone. The barrier material may be applied as disclosed in my U.S. Patent, No. 5,022,109, issued on June 11, 1991 for an INFLATABLE BLADDER. It is essential, in any case, that the dispersion medium selected be one that which will condition the surface of the plastic film to cause the microscopic particles to adhere, or be anchored to the surface of the film, to prevent heat-sealing at the coated area of the two plastic films 32 and 34. As best shown in Fig. 7, a thermoplastic film 60 used to fabricate the layers of films 32 and 34 which make up the valve 30, has a high gloss, cohesive surface 54 on one side and on the opposite side, a dull or matted surface 55 . These surface characteristics of the film are important since they contribute to the one-way flow characteristics of the valve 30 . In that connection, the inner surfaces of the films, when placed in contact, will exhibit substantial cohesion, blocking or surface-to-surface affinity which results in the two layers having a marked tendency to stick together. While usually considered a drawback, this property is utilized so that the channel 38 of the valve 30 will remain "closed" unless pressurized fluid is flowing through the channel from outside the bladder 10. As soon as the incoming fluid ceases to flow, the channel 38 will, because of its internal blocking characteristic, "close" and be held closed by the fluid pressure within the bladder 10. Conversely, the matted outer surfaces 55 of the films are essentially non-adherent to the inner surfaces 56 of the outer layers 16 and 18 which form the bladder 10 whereby there will be no tendency to compete with the inherent surface-to-surface affinity of the inner glossy surfaces. It is an important feature of the invention that the contour of the check valve 30 at the sealing area 21 corresponding to the location at which the valve and sheets 16 and 18 of the bladder 10 are fused together, and as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, is in the form of a chevron or V-shape 58 with the apex of the "V" disposed in a direction toward the pump 8 , or the inlet end 64 of the valve. This check valve 30 configuration facilitates the opening of the inlet end 64 of channel 38 should there be incidental sticking together of the release layers 40 in the seal area 21 which may occur before the first use of the valve. Because of the V-shaped seal 58 , pressurized fluid entering the channel 38 will initially contact the apex of the chevron seal 58 and, in effect, start to open-up or peel apart any incidental fusion in the seal area. Once the fluid pressure has opened a narrow channel through the apex of the seal 58 , the opening will rapidly expand across the full width of the V-shape seal. This action is similar to removing an adhesive strip from another surface by first peeling up a corner of the strip. The valve sealed in this manner will thereby permit easy fluid flow through the channel 38 and into the bladder 10 , despite the fact that prior to first using the valve, there may have been some sticking together at the inlet end thereof. The outlet check valve 30 embodying this invention is a subassembly which is preformed in a separate operation by sealing two plastic films 32 and 34 disposed in superposed edge-to-edge relation, as shown in Fig. 5. The films placed on platen 50 are sealed along their side edges 36 by die 53 having a filled non-heating center portion 52 and a pair of edge sealing portions 54. This construction prevents the formation of extrusion beads 56 (Fig. 6), such as would be formed along the side edges of a channel 60 , between such films edge-sealed together as a result of using a conventional die and could provide escape channels for the high pressure fluid in the bladder. It is important to avoid the formation of such beads because the glossy sides of the two films would not, after each compression stroke of the pump, resume their intimate surface-to-surface contact to block effectively the reverse flow of fluid from the bladder to the pumping chamber. Once "closed", fluid pressure in the bladder 10 will act to hold the channel 38 "closed". Figs 7 and 8 show the preferred method of manufacturing the valve 30 . In Figs. 7, is shown a film 60 adapted for fitting onto a fixture having registature pins (not shown) disposed to extend through holes 61 in the film which is placed with its glossy side 54 facing upwardly. The glossy side of the film 60 may be coated at a plurality of spaced locations with rectangular strips or patches 40 ' of release material. Each patch has a length approximately 1.270 cm (1/2 inch) which is twice that of the 0.635 cm (1/4 inch) length of the release coating used in each valve 30 and a width w equal to or preferably somewhat greater than the spacing between adjacent seal lines 36 to ensure that the inlet end of the valve will remain "open". After coating, the film 60 may be folded along a crease line 62 so that each release patch 40 ', on one side of fold line 62 , will be disposed in registered superposed relationship with each patch on the other side, as depicted in Fig. 8. The two layers of film are then sealed together along a plurality of parallel seal lines 36' using a die of the type shown in Fig. 5, but which has multiple sealing heads. Seal bands 36' are laterally spaced apart a distance approximately equal to or slightly less than the width of the patches 40 ' to form a fluid flow channel 38 therebetween, as depicted in Figs. 8 and 9. After sealing, a cutting die may be used to sever the two layers to form individual check valves 30. As at 63 , the release patches 40 ' on the superposed film layers 32 and 34 are bisected to form a chevron or V-shaped inlet end 64 of the valve, similar to the seal configuration 21 that fuses the valve to the sheets 16 and 18 of the bladder 10, as described hereinbefore and illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10. It has been found that when sealing a rectangular valve 66 (see Fig. 11), as disclosed in my U.S. Patent 5,022,109, within a bladder formed of two sheets 16 and 18 being a stiff combination of film and fabric material, sporadic difficulty in pumping fluid through the valve occurs. When the two sheets 16 and 18 forming the bladder 10 are of stiff material, the inlet end 64 of the valve 30 , as fluid is pumped, does not sufficiently expand to fully "open" and remains stuck together thereby restricting the flow of fluid. In contrast, the full width of the inlet edge of the present valve is sealed to the two sheets 16 and 18 of the bladder 10. As a result, expansion of the two sheets caused by the pumping action fully "opens" the inlet end 64 of the valve to allow more fluid to flow, making the pumping action easier. The other cutting edges will cut the films 32 and 34 , as at 65 , a distance spaced approximately 2.540 cm (1 inch) from the apex of the V-shape inlet end 64 of the valve 30. At the same time, the two layers are cut longitudinally, as at 67, thereby forming a plurality of discrete valves 30 having an inlet end thereof in the form of a chevron, which form the illustrated embodiment, would be sixteen in number. The die may also include means to cutout registration holes 69 and 70 for use in positioning each of the valves 30 when fabricating the bladder and valve assembly (Figs. 9 and 10). In addition, the valve forming die may include a means to cut a semi-circular cutout 71 at the outlet end 72 of the channel 38 of the valve 30 that extends the full width of the channel. The semi-circular cutout 71 is adapted to facilitate the opening of the outlet end 72 of the channel 38 to ease the passage of fluid the first time through the channel 38. The cutout 71 functions in a similar fashion as the chevron shape inlet end 64 of the valve 30 in that the fluid passing through the channel 38 contacts the apex of the circumference of the cutout and peels open the outlet end 72 of the channel. It has been found that in applications where a valve 30 is sealed in a narrow throat portion of a bladder, as depicted in Figs. 9 and 10, the bladder, when inflated, will have a tendency to separate the face-to-face planar contact of the valve films 32 and 34 in the channel area 38 . In such applications, leakage problems have been encountered in approximately two percent (2%) of such valves. To overcome this problem, the valve forming die may include means to longitudinally sever or slit the outer end portions of the sealed areas 36 of the valve, as illustrated at 75 in Fig. 10. It is important that the inner end of the slits 75 be spaced from the inner end of the release material 40 , extend to the outlet end of the valve and be located approximately one-half the width of the sealed areas. By this simple slitting step, the outlet end portions of the valves will remain free-floating and not be adversely affected by the inflation of the bladder. The slitting of the sealed areas of valves 30 , as at 75, has resulted in such failures being reduced by approximately 75%. Accordingly, each valve consists essentially of two layers of plastic film, each coated with a release layer 40 of one-half the length of patches 40' and which extend exactly to the inlet edge of the valve. This precise result is assured because the bisected edges, per se, define the inlet ends of the valves. Thus, when the plastic valve is being sealed to the outer layers 16 and 18 of the bladder, as heretofore described, there will be no sealing of the valve channel 38 beyond the outer end of the release material 40. Moreover, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the fluid flow channel 38, measured from the inner edge 77 of the release coating 40 , should be on the order of 0.953 cm (3/8 inch) to 1.270 cm (1/2 inch), but not less than 0.476 cm (3/16 inch) for effective one-way flow. From edge 77 , the channel 38 is preferably of generally uniform cross-section throughout its lenghth. In addition to the channels 38 and the release material 40 , each valve is die-cut and includes an extension along one side thereof with one or more registration holes 69 and 70 for use in fixing the position of the valve by using registration pins when sealing within a bladder, or bladder and pump combination, as depicted in Figs. 9 and 10. The exhaust valve 12 includes a tubular base 42 with a circular flange 44 of plastic material heat-sealable about the periphery of the hole 24 through sheet 16 . The valve also includes reciprocally movable stem 25 and a coil spring 46 disposed about the stem, thereby biasing the valve stem to a normally "closed" position. By pressing the stem 25 downwardly, fluid will be exhausted from the bladder when not in use. Among the advantages of this combination of a fluid bladder and check valve 30 , are its adaptability for ease of assembly, as illustrated in Fig. 4. A sheet 18 is first laid on the platen 50 of a heat-sealing die and a foam block 14 and check valve 30 are placed in juxtaposition on the upper surface of the sheet 18. An upper sheet 16 with exhaust valve 12, having been fitted into and sealed to the surrounding edge of the hole 24, is superimposed in edge-to-edge relation over the sheet 18 with the foam block 14 and the check valve 30 interposed therebetween. A heat-sealing die (not shown) of suitable configuration is then lowered to seal together the sheets 16 and 18 about their marginal edges and about the perimeter of the foam block 14 to form the pumping chamber 8 and air bladder 10. As a consequence, the fluid bladder, inlet valve, outlet valve and exhaust valve are all integrated or united in a single sealing operation thereby forming on the valved unit of flexible, inexpensive, adaptable and reliable construction. In operation, it is only necessary for the user to place a finger or thumb over the fluid hole 22 provided in the upper sheet 16 and alternately depress and release the finger pressure on the elastomeric foam a sufficient number of pulsations until the bladder 10 is properly inflated. In this pumping action, the inlet valve automatically "opens" and "closes" in response to the sequential application of the finger over the hole during the compression and expansion of the foam. When opening 22 is uncovered, ambient fluid is drawn through the hole 22 and fills the open cells of the foam as it expands. During the pressure stroke, the fluid is expelled from the foam and flows through the channel 38 of the check valve 30, which "closes" after each compression stroke. When the thumb is removed from the hole, the fluid once again enters the pumping chamber. Should any spike pressures occur in chamber 10, the check valve 30 would block the flow of fluid into chamber 8 . To deflate the bladder, such as in an athletic shoe liner or the like, it is merely necessary to depress the stem of valve 12 and fluid will be released from the bladder when no longer in use. Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to an exemplary embodiment thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions, and additions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A check valve (30) for use with an inflatable bladder (10) having upper and lower sheets (16,18) of synthetic plastic material, said check valve (30) comprising two layer elements (32,34) also of synthetic plastic material sealed together at their side edges (36) to form a fluid flow channel (38) and fusible to said sheets (16,18), said fluid flow channel (38) having an inlet end (64) and an outlet end (72), said inlet end (64) comprising a fluid inlet opening which is further defined by a release material (40) interposed between the layer elements (32,34) at the inlet end (64) of the channel (38) so as to prevent sealing of the channel (38) when the layer elements (32,34) are fused to the bladder (10), characterised in that said inlet end (64) has a V-shape (58) such that the apex of the V defines said fluid inlet opening. The check valve according to claim 1 further characterised by said V-shape inlet end having the apex of the V disposed toward the source of fluid pressure or pump. The check valve according to claim 2 wherein said outlet end (72) has at least one concave cutout (71) and such that the concave configuration of the cutout corresponds to the orientation of the V-shape inlet end. The check valve according to claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said layer elements (32,34) further include at least one longitudinal slit (75) disposed intermediate the inlet and outlet ends of the fluid flow channel and extending to the outlet end thereof. The check valve according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4 above further characterised by the apex of the V-shape inlet opening pointing in a direction opposite that of the fluid flow between the inlet and outlet ends of said fluid flow channel (38). The check valve according to any one of the preceding claims further characterised by a pumping chamber (8) communicating with said fluid flow channel (38) and more particularly provided at the inlet end (64) thereof, and an open cell elastomeric foam material (14) provided within the pumping chamber to provide a restoring force and facilitate manual compression and expansion of the pumping chamber. The check valve according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the fluid flow channel (38) is of generally uniform cross-section except for the inlet end which is a V-shape and the outlet end which is provided with a semi-circular cutout (71). The check valve according to any one of the preceding claims further characterised by the length of the fluid flow channel (38) from its inner edge (77) of said release material (40) to the outlet end is at least 0.95 cm (approximately 3/8 of inch). The check valve according to any one of the preceding claims further characterised by each of said layer elements (32, 34) having a matted outer surface and a high gloss inner surface that lends itself to cohesion between the adjacent layers.

Inventors: PEKAR ROBERT W, POTTER EARL J, WIATER STEVEN J, PEKAR, ROBERT W., POTTER, EARL J., WIATER, STEVEN J.
Applicants: DIELECTRICS IND, DIELECTRICS INDUSTRIES, INC.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F16K15
IPC codes: F16K15, A47C27