RETRACTOR

Abstract: A clamping wedge (2) for a web locking retractor comprising a clamping surface (1) having a plurality of individual teeth (3), wherein each individual tooth has its apex perpendicularly above the geometric centre of the base of the tooth. Each individual tooth may have a plane of symmetry perpendicualr to the plane of the webbing and parallel to the line of direction of webbing movement, for example in a vertical plane and may additionally have a plane of symmetry perpendicualr to the plane of the webbing and perpendicular to the line of direction of movement of the webbing. The teeth (3) may take the form of a pyramid or a cone. This tooth form ensures a long life for the webbing. The teeth (3) are preferably randomly arranged.

Description: RETRACTOR DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a retractor for a vehicle safety restraint system and particularly to a web locking retractor in which one or more wedges are caused to clamp a section of safety belt webbing to restrain a vehicle occupant in the event of acceleration or deceleration forces exceeding a predetermined minimum, typically around 0.45 G. To make the or each wedge more effective in its clamping action it has been suggested to add raised portions to the clamping surfaces, for example individual teeth. A drawback however with using teeth is the increased wear on the belt webbing material since the fibres of the belt webbing are encouraged by traditional teeth designs to meander between the teeth and the lines of weft and warp tend to be distorted during each clamping movement. Modern web locking retractors are intended to be activated, not only in the event of a crash, but also during high acceleration or deceleration levels such as may be found on fast cornering or sudden braking. Thus modern web locking retractors engage the webbing many times during normal usage. In order to ensure an adequate long life for the webbing, a particularly high quality, high strength webbing must be chosen and this of course can be expensive. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a clamping wedge for a web locking retractor, comprising a clamping surface having a plurality of individual teeth, wherein each individual tooth has its apex perpendicularly above the geometric centre of its base. According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a clamping wedge for a web locking retractor comprising a clamping surface having a plurality of individual teeth wherein each individual tooth has a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the plane of the webbing and parallel to the line of the direction of webbing movement. In normal use this plane of symmetry is in a vertical plane. According to a preferred embodiment each individual tooth additionally has a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the plane of the webbing and perpendicular to the line of direction of movement of the webbing. Each individual tooth may take the form of a many-sided pyramid or a cone. The base of each tooth is preferably formed of a regular polygon or a circle. The most preferred embodiment uses a tooth in the form of a four-sided pyramid with a square base. According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a clamping wedge for a web locking retractor comprising a clamping surface having a plurality of individual teeth arranged thereon in a random array. The individual teeth may take the form of the first or the second aspect. The array may be completely random or may comprise two parts, one part being the mirror image of the other part. A random array may be formed by placing teeth on the surface in arbitrary positions or may be formed more mathematically by, for example, use of random numbers generated by a computer program in known manner and used to define coordinates as plotting positions for the teeth on the clamping surface, as ih x - y positions. Preferably overlapping positions are avoided, either by rejection of any plotted point which causes an overlap or by suitable scaling of the plotting. According to a preferred embodiment, two sets of random numbers are generated and each consecutive random number pair is used as an x - y index to define the position of the next tooth in relation to the position of the previous tooth (rather than by always referring to the first tooth or to some other fixed reference position on the surface) . This helps to prevent overlapping teeth. In a particular preferred embodiment, a random array of teeth is mirrored from one half of the surface to the other half. Preferably two clamping surfaces are used one on each side of the webbing. Each surface has an identical array but they are turned with teeth facing each other. Advantageously positions are avoided in which the apexes of facing teeth would coincide. This may be done by offsetting the mirrored teeth by typically a one tooth spacing. For a better understanding of the present invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of a web clamping wedge showing an array of clamping teeth according to the present invention; Figures 2 and 3 are right and left side views respectively of the wedge of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a top side view of the wedge of Figure 1; Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a tooth of the embodiment of Figure 1 in more detail; Figures 7 and 8 illustrate schematically alternative tooth profiles. Figure 9 illustrates a random array of teeth according to the third aspect of the invention; Figure 10 is a table illustrating how random numbers can be used to generate the random array of Figure 9. Figure 1 illustrates a plan view of the web clamping surface 1 of a clamping wedge 2 showing an array of spaced individual teeth 3. The teeth are arranged in horizontal rows and each succeeding horizontal row is offset by 20 β to the immediately preceding row. Other angles would be possible as also would be a geometrically square array of teeth. The pattern is mirrored about the centre line 5 and shifted by a distance equal to half the row separation. In this way the same wedge can function on both sides of the webbing without any teeth coinciding, i.e. without apexes clashing. Figures 2 and 3 show right- and left-hand side views of the wedge 2 illustrating the teeth 3 in side profile. Figure 4 is a top plan view of wedge 2 illustrating the profile of teeth 3 in a direction perpendicular to that of Figures 2 and 3. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 the teeth take the form of four-sided triangles. They have a square base and are symmetrical about vertical and horizontal axes as well as about diagonals of the square base. The total number of teeth on wedge surface 1 in this embodiment is 185. Their centres are spaced by 1.8mm in the weft direction, i.e. along a line of teeth and the lines of teeth are 2.0mm apart, i.e. have a 2.0 warp pitch. The apex of each tooth subtends an angle of 60°. Figure 5 shows a single tooth in profile and Figure 6 shows the tooth 3 in plan view. The teeth may equally well have a cone shape as schematically illustrated in Figure 7 or may in the form of a tetrahedron as schematically illustrated in Figure 8. Any regular polygon shape for the base of the tooth would be appropriate. Figure 9 illustrates a random array of teeth constructed from a list of. random numbers used as x - y indices to plot successive tooth positions in relation to the immediately preceding tooth position. The random pattern is mirrored about the centre line 5 of the wedge surface. It is also dropped or shifted down by a distance such as the width of a tooth, in a similar manner to the arrangement of Figure 1. In the array illustrated the shift is of 0.9mm being the length of one side of the base of a tooth. This enhances the interlocking of the teeth on the wedges on each side of the webbing. Figure 10 is a table of random numbers used as the coordinates for the random array of Figure 9. The random numbers in this case were generated in two sets of 175 on a Math CAD 5.0 plus program (of course any similar program may be used) . These were used as coordinates and any that encroached within a circle of diameter 1.5mm centred on each tooth, were rejected to avoid overlap. A total of 80 tooth points were defined in this way, on the left hand side of the centre line 5 of the wedge surface. This array is mirrored in the right hand side and offset by 1 pitch (0.9mm) . The identical clamping wedges are preferably used in a weblocking retractor, one on each side of the webbing with teeth facing each other through the webbing thickness. Because of the mirroring and offset, the apexes of facing teeth do not coincide.

Claims: £L___U__£ 1. A clamping wedge for a web locking retractor comprising a clamping surface having a plurality of individual teeth, wherein each individual tooth has its apex perpendicularly above the geometric centre of the base of the tooth. 2. A clamping wedge for a web locking retractor comprising a clamping surface having a plurality of individual teeth, wherein each individual tooth has a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the plane of the webbing and parallel to the line of the direction of webbing movement as it pays out of the retractor in normal use. 3. A clamping wedge according to claim 2, wherein said plane of symmetry is in a vertical plane. 4. A clamping wedge according to claim 2 or 3, wherein each individual tooth additionally has a plane of symmetry perpendicular to -the plane of the webbing and perpendicular to the line of direction of movement of the webbing as it pays out of the retractor in normal use. 5. A clamping wedge according to any preceding claim, wherein each individual tooth takes the form of a many sided pyramid. 6. A clamping wedge according to claim 5, wherein the base of each tooth is formed of a regular polygon. 7. A clamping wedge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each individual tooth takes the form of a cone and the base of each tooth is formed of a circle. 8. A clamping wedge according to claim 7, wherein each tooth comprises a square base and takes the form of a four-sided pyramid. 9. A clamping wedge for a web locking retractor comprising a clamping surface having a plurality of individual teeth arranged in a random array on at least a substantial part of the surface. 10. A clamping wedge according to claim 9, wherein the surface comprises two parts and the array of teeth on the first part is a mirror image of the array of teeth on the second part. 11. A clamping wedge according to claim 10, wherein the tooth arrays in the first and second parts are offset one from the other. 12. A clamping wedge according to claim 11, wherein the offset comprises one half of the base diameter of a tooth.

Inventors: SMITHSON ALAN GEORGE, SMITHSON, ALAN, GEORGE
Applicants: ALLIEDSIGNAL LTD, SMITHSON ALAN GEORGE, ALLIEDSIGNAL LIMITED, SMITHSON, ALAN, GEORGE
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B60R22
IPC codes: B60R22