DNA coding for mammalian L-asparaginase

Abstract: Disclosed are DNAs coding for mammalian L-asparaginases. Transformants introduced with the DNAs effectively produce a desired amount of mammalian L-asparaginases such as guinea pig and human L-asparaginases.

Description: The present invention relates to a novel DNA which codes for L-asparaginase, more particularly, to a DNA which codes for a mammalian L-asparaginase. L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1), an amidohydrolase which releases L-aspartic acid and ammonia when acts on L-asparagine, is an enzyme which plays a major role in the metabolism of L-asparagine in plants, animals and microorganisms, and it has been energetically studied on its actual use as an antitumor agent since John G. Kidd had reported the inhibitory activity of L-asparaginase on lymphoma in " The Journal of Experimental Medicine", Vol.98, pp.565-583 (1953). As a result, an L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli is now used as a therapeutic agent for leukemia and lymphoma. However, the aforesaid L-asparaginase with a satisfactory antitumor activity is only an external protein for humans, and the administration of conventional compositions containing the L-asparaginase to patients frequently causes serious side effects such as hyperergy including anaphylaxis shock, urticaria, edema, wheeze and dyspnea. Therefore, these compositions are inevitably restricted their administration doses and frequencies by a large margin, and some proposals to reduce or even diminish such side effects have been made. As a first proposal, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.119,082/79 discloses an L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli which is chemically modified by blocking at least 65% amino acids of the L-asparaginase with 2-O- substituted polyethylene glycol-4,6-dichloro-S-triazine. As a second proposal, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.320,684/92 discloses a human L-asparaginase which is obtained from a culture of fibroblasts from human lung, stomach or breast. The first proposal has a merit that it can use an L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli which is readily preparable on an industrial scale, and has a demerit that the control of the modification reaction is difficult and the side effects could not be eliminated. The second proposal has a merit that, unlike the L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli , human L-asparaginase does not substantially induce antibodies even when administered to patients, and has a demerit that the productivity of human fibroblasts is not sufficient as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.320,684/92, so that a relatively large-scale cultivation is inevitable to obtain a satisfactory amount of L-asparaginase. Recently, recombinant DNA technology has made a remarkable progress. Now, even a polypeptide with an incomplete elucidation of its amino acid sequence can be readily prepared in a desired amount, if only a gene coding for the polypeptide is once isolated and decoded for base sequence, by preparing a recombinant DNA having a DNA which codes for the polypeptide, introducing the DNA into microorganisms or cells of animals or plants to obtain transformants, and culturing the transformants. In view of the foregoing, a gene coding for a mammalian L-asparaginase, preferably, the isolation of a gene coding for human L-asparaginase and the prompt elucidation of its base sequence have been in great demand in this field. The present invention provides a DNA coding for mammalian L-asparaginase, which is characterised in that said DNA comprises a base sequence which encodes both amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 as well as that said DNA is hybridizable with either or both DNA comprising a base sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or DNA comprising a base sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 at 50°C in a solution of 5 x SSPE, 5 x Denhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS, and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm. The present invention will now be described in further detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- FIG 1 is a peptide map of a guinea pig L-asparaginase. The DNA according to the present invention expresses the production of a mammalian L-asparaginase having a specific amino acid sequence by introducing it into cells or microorganisms to form transformants. This invention was made based on the finding of a novel DNA which codes for a guinea pig L-asparaginase. Although the existence of L-asparaginase in guinea pigs' sera has been known, the property and feature has not been substantially revealed. The present inventors isolated a substance with an L-asparaginase activity from a guinea pig serum by using purification methods comprising column chromatography as a main technique, and determined its partial amino acid sequence. Based on the sequence, a primer was chemically synthesized and subjected to the RT-PCR reaction using as a template a mRNA, collected from liver cells of the guinea pig, to obtain a DNA fragment which partially codes for the L-asparaginase. The present inventors used the fragment as a probe and energetically screened cDNA libraries prepared from the mRNA to obtain a DNA fragment having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 consisting of 1,695 base pairs. The decoding of the base sequence revealed that the guinea pig L-asparaginase consists of 565 amino acids and has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. With these findings, the present inventors continued studying mRNAs collected from human liver cells and have succeeded in isolating a gene which codes for human L-asparaginase. The gene has the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 which consists of 1,719 base pairs, and the decoding revealed that the gene encodes the amino acids sequence consisting of 573 amino acids in SEQ ID NO:4. The techniques used to reveal these amino acid sequences and base sequences of SEQ ID Nos:3-6 are summarized below: (1) An L-asparaginase was isolated from a guinea pig serum and highly purified by purification methods comprising chromatography as a main technique; (2) The L-asparaginase was trypsinized, and from the resulting mixture were isolated three peptide fragments which were then determined for amino acid sequence; (3) A mRNA was collected from the guinea pig liver cells. By using the mRNA as a template, it was subjected to the RT-PCR reaction in the presence of a primer, which had been chemically synthesized based on the above amino acid sequences, to obtain DNA fragments which were then screened by a probe that had been chemically synthesized based on those amino acid sequences. Thus, a DNA fragment, which partially encodes the active site of the guinea pig L-asparaginase, was obtained; (4) After labeling the DNA fragment, it was hybridized with a cDNA library, prepared by using the mRNA as a template, followed by selecting transformants which showed a strong hybridization; (5) From the transformants a cDNA was collected, determined for base sequence, and decoded for amino acid sequence. Comparison of the decoded amino acid sequence to the above partial amino acid sequences revealed that the guinea pig L-asparaginase has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and is encoded by the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; (6) A cDNA library was prepared by using a mRNA collected from human liver cells, and a DNA fragment having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 was prepared, then labeled and hybridized with the cDNA library, followed by selecting transformants which showed a strong hybridization; and (7) From the transformants a cDNA was collected, determined for base sequence, and decoded for amino acid sequence, revealing that human L-asparaginase has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 and is encoded by the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. Comparing the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs:3 and 4, they have a common amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or 2. The amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 corresponds to a partial amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 16-19 in SEQ ID NO:3 or 4, while the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 corresponds to a partial amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 114-118 in SEQ ID NO:3 or 4. Because of these commonality, the mammalian L-asparaginases as referred to in the present invention include those which have the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or 2. As representative examples, a guinea pig L-asparaginase with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, a human L-asparaginase with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and their variants complemental to these amino acid sequences can be mentioned. These variants include those which one or more amino acids in SEQ ID NO:3 or 4 are replaced with other amino acids, those which one or more other amino acids are added to the N- and/or C-terminals of the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:3 or 4, and those which one or more amino acids in the N- and/or C-terminals of the amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:3 or 4 are deleted while retaining the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or 2 and without substantially losing an L-asparaginase activity. The DNAs according to the present invention mean those which encode the aforesaid amino acid sequences. Examples of these DNAs are those which have the base sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, 10 and 11, and those which have homologous and complementary base sequences to these base sequences of SEQ ID NOs:6, 10 and 11. These base sequences may be changed their one or more bases with other bases by means of the degeneracy of genetic code without alternating amino acid sequences they encode. To allow the present DNAs to actually express the production of mammalian L-asparaginases in hosts, one or more bases of the base sequences in the DNAs, which code for the present L-asparaginases and their variants, can be replaced with other bases. Any natural or artificial DNAs can be used as the present DNAs as long as they have any one of those base sequences. The natural sources for the present DNAs are, for example, livers of guinea pigs and humans. From these liver cells, DNAs having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 or 6 can be obtained. To artificially synthesize the present DNAs, they can be chemically synthesized based on the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 or 6, or prepared by inserting DNAs coding for the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or 4 into self-replicable vectors to obtain recombinant DNAs, introducing the recombinant DNAs into appropriate hosts to obtain transformants, culturing the transformants, separating the proliferated cells from the cultures, and collecting from the cells the objective plasmids containing the present DNAs. These DNAs thus obtained can be introduced into transformants by conventional methods. The transformants thus obtained produce mammalian L-asparaginases intra- or extracellularly when cultured. Unlike conventional L-asparaginases produced form Escherichia coli, mammalian L-asparaginases have a merit that they do not substantially cause side effects such as anaphylaxis shock and hyperergy even when administered to patients repeatedly. These mammalian L-asparaginases can be, therefore, selectively used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and mammalian malignant tumors in general including malignant tumors. The present invention is explained with reference to the following Examples, and the techniques used therein are well known in the art: Examples of such are those described in " Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition " by T. Maniatis et al., published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, USA (1989), and in "Laboratory Manual for Genetic Engineering " by Masami MURAMATSU, published by Maruzen Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (1988). Example 1 Purification of guinea pig L-asparaginase One hundred guinea pigs, 8-10-week-old, were collected their blood which were then pooled and treated in a conventional manner to obtain a 300 ml serum. Ammonium sulfate was added to the serum to give a saturation degree of 50 w/v % , allowed to stand at 4°C for 2 hours, and centrifuged at about 8, 000 rpm for 30 min. The precipitate was collected, dissolved in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and dialyzed against a fresh preparation of the same buffer at 4°C for 18 hours. The dialyzed inner solution was fed to a column packed with 300 ml of "SEPHACRYL S-300", a gel for gel filtration column chromatography commercialized by Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology AB, Uppsala, Sweden, which had been equilibrated with a fresh preparation of the same buffer, followed by feeding to the column a fresh preparation of the same buffer. Fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of about 150,000 daltons were collected, pooled, fed to a column packed with " DEAE-5PW ", a gel for high-performance liquid chromatography commercialized by Tosoh Corporation Tokyo, Japan, which had been equilibrated with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), followed by washing the column with a fresh preparation of the same buffer and feeding to the column at a flow rate of 13 ml/min a linear gradient buffer of sodium chloride increasing from 0 M to 1 M in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). About 120 ml fractions eluted at a concentration of about 0.25 M of sodium chloride were collected, pooled and dialyzed against distilled water at 4°C for 4 hours. The dialyzed inner solution was fed to a column packed with 100 ml "BLUE SEPHAROSE CL-6B" , a gel for affinity chromatography commercialized by Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology AB, Uppsala, Sweden, followed by feeding to the column with a fresh preparation of the same buffer to elute a guinea pig L-asparaginase. Fractions containing the L-asparaginase were collected, pooled and concentrated, and the concentrate was fed to a column packed with "HILOARD SUPERDEX 200" , a gel for gel filtration chromatography commercialized by Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology AB, Uppsala, Sweden, followed by feeding to the column with a fresh preparation of the same buffer. Fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of about 150,000 daltons were collected, pooled and concentrated to obtain about 400 µg of the guinea pig L-asparaginase with a specific activity of about 10 units/mg protein per guinea pig. Throughout the present specification, the activity of L-asparaginase is assayed as follows and expressed with units: Distribute a sample to a 96-well microplate in a volume of 160 µl/well, and add to each well a 40 µl solution containing 1.4 mg/ml of L-asparagine dissolved in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Incubate the microplate at 37°C for 10-30 min and quantify the released L-aspartic acid by an amino acid analyzer. Provide a system using an L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli which had been diluted to give a concentration of 1.0, 0.5 or 0.25 units/ml, and similarly as above treat the system and quantify the released L-aspartic acid. Prot the measurements to draw a working line. To estimate the activity of the sample, plot the L-aspartic acid content in the sample system. One unit activity of L-asparaginase is defined as the amount of a polypeptide having an L-asparaginase activity that releases one µmol ammonia from L-asparagine per min when allowed to react under the above conditions. Example 2 Partial amino acid sequence of quinea pig L-asparaginase A portion of the aqueous solution containing the purified L-asparaginase in Example 1 was placed in a container and concentrated up to give about 50 µl. To the concentrate was added 25 µl of a mixture solution consisting of 3 w/v % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 60 w/v % glycerol and 60 mg/ml dithiothreitol, and the resulting solution was incubated at 50°C for 30 min, transferred onto 10 w/v % polyacrylamide gels, and electrophoresed in a conventional manner. The resulting gels were successively soaked for staining in 50 v/v % aqueous methanol containing 0.1 w/v % Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 and 10 v/v % acetic acid, destained by washing repeatedly with 12 v/v % aqueous methanol containing 7 v/v % acetic acid, and soaked in distilled water for 18 hours, followed by cutting out and lyophilizing the stained gel bands. The dried gel bands were soaked in a 0.6 ml mixture solution consisting of 2 µg/ml "TPCK TRYPSIN", a trypsin preparation commercialized by Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 0.5 mM calcium chloride and 0.02 v/v aqueous tween 20 solution, and incubated at 37°C for 18 hours to trypsinize the L-asparaginase. The trypsinized product was centrifuged and separated to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate which was then soaked in one ml of one v/v % aqueous trifluoroacetic acid solution containing 0.001 v/v % tween 20, stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, and centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. The resulting precipitate was successively treated similarly as above with a 70 v/v % aqueous trifluoroacetic acid solution containing 0.001 v/v % tween 20, and an acetonitrile solution containing 0.001 v/v % tween 20 and 50 v/v % trifluoroacetic acid to obtain a supernatant which was then mixed with the above supernatant. The mixture solution was concentrated up to give 250 µl which was then centrifugally filtered. The aqueous solution containing the peptide fragments thus obtained was fed to a column of "HPLC ODS-120T" , a gel for high-performance liquid column chromatography commercialized by Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. The column was washed with 0.1 v/v % aqueous trifluoroacetic acid solution and fed with a linear gradient buffer of aqueous acetonitrile increasing from 0 v/v % to 70 v/v % in 0.1 v/v % aqueous trifluoroacetic acid solution at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Fractions eluted at about 66 min, about 69 min and about 72 min after starting the feeding (hereinafter designated as "peptide fragment A", "peptide fragment B" and "peptide fragment C" , respectively) were collected. The elution pattern, i.e a peptide map of the guinea pig's L-asparaginase, was in FIG.1. By using "MODEL 473A" , a protein sequencer commercialized by Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, USA, these peptide fragments A, B and C were studied in a conventional manner, revealing that they have the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs:7-9. Example 3 Total amino acid sequence of guinea pig L-asparaginase and base sequence coding for it Example 3-1 Preparation of total RNAs Three g of wet cells of a guinea pig liver, prepared in a conventional manner, was weighed, suspended in 20 ml of a 6 M aqueous guanidine isothiocyanate solution containing 10 mM sodium citrate (pH 7.0) and 0.5 w/v % SDS, and disrupted by a homogenizer. Into a 35-ml centrifuge tube was injected 25 ml of a mixture solution of 5.7 M cesium chloride and 0.1 M EDTA (pH 7.5), and the disrupted cells were overlaid on the solution, followed by centrifuging the tube at 25,000 rpm and at 20°C for 20 hours. A fraction containing RNAs was collected from the tube, transferred to another 15-ml centrifuge tube, mixed with an equal amount of chloroform/butanol (=4:1 by volume), stirred for 5 min, and centrifuged at 10,000g x 10 min and at 4°C. The resulting water layer was collected, mixed with 2.5-fold volumes of ethanol, and allowed to stand at -20°C for 2 hours to precipitate the total RNAs. The precipitated RNAs were washed with 75 v/v % ethanol and dried to obtain the total RNAs in a yield of about 4 mg. Example 3-2 Preparation of DNA fragment partially coding for guinea pig L-asparaginase To one µg of the total RNAs prepared in Example 3-1 were added 4 µl of 25 mM magnesium chloride, 2 µl of 10xPCR buffer consisting of 100 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.3) and 500 mM potassium chloride, 8 µl of one mM dNTP mix, one µl of one unit/µl of an RNase inhibitor, one µl of 2.5 units/µl of a reverse transcriptase, one µl of 2.5 µM of a random hexamer, and a volume of sterile distilled water sufficient to bring the total volume to 20 µl. The mixture solution was placed into a 0.5-ml test tube and in a conventional manner successively incubated at 25°C for 10 min, at 42°C for 30 min, at 99°C for 5 min, and at 5°C for 5 min to conduct an enzymatic reverse transcriptase reaction. Thus, an aqueous solution containing a first strand cDNA was obtained. Twenty µl of the aqueous solution was mixed with 4 µl of 25 mM magnesium chloride, 8 µl of 10xPCR buffer consisting of 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.3) and 500 mM potassium chloride, 0.5 µl of 2.5 units/ml of an amplitaque DNA polymerase, one pmol of primer 1 as a sense primer, one pmol of a primer 2 as an antisense primer, and a volume of sterile distilled water sufficient to bring the total volume to 100 µl. The mixture solution was in a conventional manner successively allowed to react at 94°C for one min, at 42°C for 2 min, and at 72°C for 3 min, and these sequential reaction steps were repeated 40 times to amplify a DNA fragment, which partially encodes the guinea pig L-asparaginase, by using the first strand cDNA as a template. The primers 1 and 2 are oligonucleotides, which were chemically synthesized based on the amino acid sequences of Gly-Met-Gln-Ser-Lys and Tyr-Pro-Gly-Ile-Pro-Ala in SEQ ID NOs:8 and 7, and have base sequences represented by 5'-GGNATGCARWSNAAR-3' and 5'-GCNGGDATNCCNGGRTA-3', respectively. The PCR reaction product thus obtained was sampled and electrophoresed in a 2 w/v % agarose gel to effect fractionation, followed by press-blotting the gel with 0.4 N sodium hydroxide to transfer and fix DNAs onto a nylon film. The film was successively washed with 2xSSC, air-dried, soaked in a mixture solution for prehybridization containing 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm DNA, and incubated in the solution at 65°C for 3 hours. An oligonucleotide as a probe 1, having a base sequence represented by 5'-TTYATGYTNGARAAYYT-3', was chemically synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of Phe-Met-Leu-Glu-Asn-Leu in SEQ ID NO:9, and labelled with [γ- 32 P]ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase. The above nylon film was successively soaked in a mixture solution containing one pmol of the probe 1, 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS, and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm DNA, incubated at 42°C for 24 hours to effect hybridization, washed with 6xSSC at ambient temperature, and autoradiographed in a conventional manner, revealing that the formed PCR product contained the objective DNA fragment. The remaining PCR product was admixed with 50 ng "pT7 BLUE T", a plasmid vector commercialized by Novachem Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel, and an adequate amount of T4 DNA ligase, admixed with 100 mM ATP up to give a final concentration of one mM, and incubated at 16°C for 18 hours to insert the above DNA fragment into the plasmid vector. The recombinant DNA thus obtained was introduced into "NoVa Blue strain", a microorganism of the species Escherichia coli commercialized by Novachem Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel, to obtain a transformant which was then inoculated into a plate medium containing 10 g/ℓ bacto-tryptone, 5 g/ℓ bacto-yeast extract, 2.5 g/ℓ sodium chloride, 15 g/ℓ bacto-agar, 100 mg/ℓ ampicillin, 40 mg/ℓ X-Gal and 23.8 mg/ℓ isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (hereinafter abbreviated as "IPTG"), and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours to form colonies. A nylon film was in a conventional manner placed on the surface of the plate medium, allowed to stand for about 30 sec to transfer the colonies onto the film, then the film was detached from the plate medium and soaked in a mixture solution containing 0.5 M sodium hydroxide and 1.5 M sodium chloride for 7 min to lyse the cells. Thereafter, the nylon film was successively soaked in 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2) containing 1.5 M sodium chloride for 3 min, washed with 2xSSC, soaked in 0.4 M sodium hydroxide for 20 min, washed with 5xSSC, air-dried, soaked in a mixture solution for prehybridization containing 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v SDS and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm DNA, and incubated at 42°C for 24 hours. The probe 1 was hybridized with the nylon film in a conventional manner, and the resultant was washed with 6xSSC and autoradiographed similarly as above, followed by collecting from the plate medium a transformant which strongly hybridized with the probe 1. The transformant was inoculated into L-broth (pH 7.2) containing 100 µg/ml ampicillin and cultured at 37°C for 18 hours, followed by collecting cells from the culture and collecting a recombinant DNA by conventional alkali-SDS method. The dideoxy method revealed that the recombinant DNA contained a DNA fragment of a base sequence corresponding to the bases 61-746 in SEQ ID NO:5. Example 3-3 Preparation of mRNA 0.05 ml of an aqueous solution containing 500 µg of the total RNAs in Example 3-1 was placed in a container, into which was poured 0.5 ml of 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing one mM EDTA and 0.1 w/v % SDS up to give a total volume of one ml. To the mixture solution was added one ml of "OLIGOTEX-dT300 SUPER", an oligo(dT) 30 latex commercialized by Nippon Roche K.K., Tokyo, Japan, and the resulting mixture was incubated at 65°C for 5 min to denature the contents and promptly cooled in an ice-chilled bath for 3 min. 0.2 ml of 5 M sodium chloride was added to the cooled solution, and the resulting solution was incubated at 37°C for 10 min and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm and at 25°C for 10 min, followed by removing a supernatant to obtain a pellet-like precipitate, suspending the precipitate in 0.5 ml sterile distilled water, incubating the suspension at 65°C for 5 min to extract the objective mRNA from the "OLIGOTEX-dT300 SUPER". The yield of the mRNA was about 5 µg. Example 3-4 Preparation of cDNA library By using "cDNA SYNTHESIZING SYSTEM PLUS", a cDNA cloning kit commercialized by Amersham Corp., Div., Amersham International, Arlington Heights, USA, a cDNA library was prepared from the mRNA in Example 3-3. Into a 1.5-ml reaction tube were successively poured a 4 µl solution for synthesizing a first strand, one µl sodium pyrophosphate, one µl human placenta ribonuclease inhibitor, 2 µl dideoxynucleotide triphosphate mixture, and one µl oligo dT primer, then mixed with 5 µl of the mRNA prepared in Example 3-3 and a volume of sterile distilled water sufficient to bring the total volume to 19 µl. To the resulting solution added one µl of a solution containing 20 units of a reverse transcriptase, followed by incubating at 42°C for 40 min to obtain a reaction mixture containing a first strand cDNA. The reaction mixture was successively admixed with a 37.5 µl solution for synthesizing a second strand cDNA, 0.8 units of ribonuclease H from Escherichia coli, and 23 units of DNA polymerase I, increased its volume up to 100 µl by the addition of sterile distilled water, incubated at 12°C for 60 min and at 22°C for 60 min, admixed with 2 units T4 DNA polymerase, and further incubated at 37°C for 10 min to obtain a solution containing the objective second strand cDNA. To the solution thus obtained was added 4 µl of 0.25 M EDTA (pH 8.0) to suspend the reaction, followed by extracting with phenol/chloroform, precipitating the objective cDNA with ethanol, and collecting the cDNA. Two µl L/K buffer, 250 pmol Eco RI adapter and 2.5 units of T4 DNA ligase were added to the above cDNA in this order, and the mixture solution was increased its volume up to 20 µl with sterile distilled water, and incubated at 15°C for 16 hours to ligate the Eco RI adaptor to both ends of the cDNA. The reaction mixture was mixed with 2 µl of 0.25 M EDTA (pH 8.0) to inactivate the remaining enzymes, and the intact Eco RI adaptor was in a conventional manner removed by molecular sieve chromatography. To the resultant were added 40 µl L/K buffer and 80 units of T4 polynucleotide kinase, and the mixture was increased its volume up to 400 µl with sterile distilled water, followed by incubating the mixture solution at 37°C for 30 min to phosphorize the 5'-terminus of Eco RI adaptor, and precipitating the reaction mixture with phenol/chloroform and ethanol to obtain a DNA. The DNA was mixed with 1.5 µl L/K buffer containing an adequate amount of λgt10 arm and with 2.5 units of T4 DNA ligase, increased its volume up to 15 µl with sterile distilled water, incubated at 15°C for 16 hours, and treated with conventional in vitro packaging method to obtain a phage containing a recombinant λDNA. Example 3-5 Cloning of recombinant DNA Escherichia coli NM514 strain, commercialized by Amersham Corp., Div., Amersham International, Arlington Heights, USA, was in a conventional manner infected with the phage in Example 3-4, inoculated into an agar plate (pH 7.0) containing 10 g/ℓ bacto-tryptone, 5 g/ℓ bacto-yeast extract, 10 g/ℓ sodium chloride, and 15 g/ℓ bacto-agar, and incubated at 37°C for 10 hours to form plaques. A nylon film was placed on the surface of the agar plate and allowed to stand for about 30 sec to transfer the plaques onto the film, then detached from the plate, and successively and repeatedly soaked in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 M sodium hydroxide and 1.5 M sodium chloride for 7 min and in 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1.5 M sodium chloride for 3 min. The nylon film was successively rinsed with 5xSSC, air-dried, soaked in 0.4 N sodium hydroxide for 20 min, rinsed with 2xSSC, air-dried, soaked in a mixture solution containing 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm DNA, and incubated at 65°C for 3 hours. The DNA fragment in Example 3-2 was labeled with 32 P using "REDIPRIME DNA LABELLING SYSTEM" Amersham Corp., Div., Amersham International, Arlington Heights, USA, to obtain a probe 2, and an adequate amount of which was hybridized at 65°C for 20 hours by incubating in a mixture solution containing 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm DNA. The nylon film was successively soaked in and rinsed with 2xSSC at 65°C for 20 min and 0.2xSSC at 65°C for 20 min, and subjected to autoradiography, followed by selecting a phage DNA clone which strongly hybridized with the probe 2. The clone was amplified in Escherichia coli , and a recombinant DNA was extracted from the microorganism. The recombinant DNA was cleaved by Eco RI, a restriction enzyme, and plasmid vector pUC19 (ATCC 37254) was cleaved with the same restriction enzyme. The formed DNA- and plasmid-fragments were in a conventional manner ligated with a DNA ligase to obtain a recombinant DNA which was then introduced into Escherichia coli JM109 strain (ATCC 53323) by conventional competent cell method to obtain a transformant. Example 3-6 Determination of base sequence of DNA and amino acid sequence of protein The transformant in Example 3-5 was inoculated into L-broth (pH 7.2) containing 50 µg/ml ampicillin and cultured at 37°C for 18 hours under shaking conditions. From the culture the proliferated transformants were collected and treated with conventional alkali-SDS method to obtain a recombinant DNA containing the DNA according to the present invention. The analysis of the recombinant DNA on an automatic sequencer using a fluorophotometer revealed that it contained the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, and the decoding indicated that it encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10. The amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 has a partial amino acid sequence at positions 10-25 and positions 243-253 which is as shown in SEQ ID NO:8 and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively. The fact indicates that the DNA of SEQ ID NO:5 codes for a guinea pig L-asparaginase containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. In Example 4, a cDNA coding for human L-asparaginase is collected from a mRNA from human liver by using the DNA of SEQ ID NO:5 as a probe. The total amino acid sequence of human L-asparaginase was determined by analyzing and decoding the base sequence of the cDNA. Example 4 Total amino acid sequence of human L-asparaginase and base sequence of DNA which codes for human L-asparaginase Example 4-1 Preparation of cDNA library By using " "cDNA SYNTHESIZING SYSTEM PLUS", a cDNA cloning kit commercialized by Amersham Corp., Div., Amersham International, Arlington Heights, USA, a cDNA library was prepared from a poly (A) modified human liver RNA commercialized by Clontech Laboratories, Inc., California, USA. Into a 1.5-ml reaction tube were poured 10 µl of a first strand synthesizing solution, 2.5 µl of one mM sodium pyrophosphate, 2.5 µl of one µg/µl of a human placenta ribonuclease inhibitor, 5 µl of one µg/µl deoxynucleotide triphosphate mixture, and 2.5 µl of one µg/µl oligo dT primer, then mixed with 5 µg of a poly (A) modified human liver RNA. The mixture was increased its volume up to 45 µl with sterile distilled water, then mixed with a 5 µl solution containing 100 units of a reverse transcriptase, and incubated at 42°C for 40 min to obtain a reaction product containing a first strand cDNA. To the reaction product were added 93.5 µl of a cDNA synthesizing solution, 4 units of ribonuclease H from Escherichia coli , and 115 units of DNA polymerase I, and the mixture was increased its volume up to 250 µl with sterile distilled water, then successively incubated at 12°C for 60 min, at 22°C for 60 min, and at 70°C for 10 min, mixed with 10 units of T4 DNA polymerase, and further incubated at 37°C for 10 min, followed by suspending the reaction by the addition of 100 µl of 0.25 M EDTA (pH 8.0). The reaction product was in a conventional manner extracted with phenol/chloroform, and the extract was precipitated with ethanol to obtain a second strand cDNA. The second strand cDNA thus obtained was mixed with 2 µl L/K buffer (pH 8.0), 250 pmol Eco RI adaptor, and 2.5 units T4 DNA ligase, and the mixture was increased its volume up to 20 µl with sterile distilled water and incubated at 15°C for 16 hours to ligate the Eco RI adaptor to both ends of the cDNA. The reaction was suspended by the addition of 2 µl of 0.25 M EDTA (pH 8.0). Intact Eco RI adaptor was removed from the reaction mixture by molecular sieve chromatography, and the remaining reaction mixture was mixed with 40 µl of L/K buffer (pH 8.0) and 80 units of T4 polynucleotide kinase, increased its volume up to 400 µl with sterile distilled water, incubated at 37°C for 30 min to phosphorize the 5'-terminus of the Eco RI adaptor, and extracted with phenol/chloroform. The extract was precipitated with ethanol to collect cDNA which was then mixed with 1. 5 µl of L/K buffer (pH 8.0) containing an adequate amount of λgt 10 arm and 2.5 units of T4 DNA ligase, and the mixture was increased its volume up to 15 µl with sterile distilled water, incubated at 15°C for 16 hours, and applied with the in vitro packaging to obtain a phage containing a recombinant λDNA. Example 4-2 Cloning of recombinant DNA Escherichia coli NM514 strain was infected with the phage in Example 4-1, inoculated into an agar plate (pH 7.0) containing 10 g/ℓ bacto-tryptone, 5 g/ℓ bacto-yeast extract, 10 g/ℓ sodium chloride and 15g/ℓ bacto-agar, and incubated at 37°C for 10 hours to form plaques. A nylon film was placed on the surface of the agar plate, allowed to stand for about 30 sec to transfer the plaques onto the film, detached from the plate, and successively and repeatedly soaked in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 M sodium hydroxide and 1.5 M sodium chloride for 7 min, and 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1.5 M sodium chloride for 3 min. The film was rinsed with 2xSSC, air-dried, soaked in a mixture solution containing 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm, and incubated at 65°C for 3 hours. To clone a recombinant DNA a probe 3 was prepared by labelling the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO:5 with "REDIPRIME DNA LABELLING SYSTEM": Twenty-five ng of a DNA fragment, obtained by the method in Example 3-5, was.placed in a 1.5-ml reaction tube, mixed with sterile distilled water to obtain 45 µl solution which was then heated at 95°C for 3 min, and transferred to another reaction tube. Five µl of [α- 32 P]dCTP solution was added to the tube, and the DNA fragment was labelled by incubating at 37°C for 30 min. The reaction mixture containing the labelled DNA fragment was treated with conventional molecular sieve chromatography to remove intact [α- 32 P]dCTP. Thus the probe 3 was obtained. The nylon film was incubated at 50°C for 20 hours in a mixture solution containing an adequate amount of the probe 3, 5xSSPE, 5xDenhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS, and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm to hybridize the probe, then successively incubated in 6xSSC at ambient temperature for 20 min, incubated in 2xSSC at ambient temperature for 20 min, washed and autoradiographed, followed by selecting a phage clone which strongly hybridized with the probe 3. The clone was in a conventional manner amplified in Escherichia coli , then a recombinant DNA was extracted from the microorganism. The recombinant DNA was cleaved with Eco RI, a restriction enzyme, and in a conventional manner ligated by a DNA ligase with the DNA fragment and a plasmid fragment, obtained by cleaving plasmid vector pUC19 (ATCC 37254) with the restriction enzyme. The recombinant DNA was introduced into Escherichia coli JM109 strain (ATCC 53323) by conventional competent cell method to obtain a transformant. The hybridization conditions outlined above may be described as stringent conditions, particularly for the purposes of this invention. Example 4-3 Determination of base sequence of DNA which codes for human L-asparaginase, and its total amino acid sequence The transformant in Example 4-2 was inoculated into L-broth (pH 7.2) containing 50 µg/ml ampicillin and cultured at 37°C for 18 hours under shaking conditions. From the culture the proliferated transformants were collected, treated with conventional alkali-SDS method to obtain the present recombinant DNA according to the present invention. The analysis of the recombinant DNA on an automatic sequencer using a fluorophotometer revealed that it has the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:11. An amino acid sequence estimable from the base sequence is also in SEQ ID NO:11, and this indicates that the DNA of SEQ ID NO:6 codes for human L-asparaginase containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs:3 and 4 revealed that they have an about 70% homology. As is described above, the present invention is based on the finding of a novel DNA coding for a mammalian L-asparaginase. The application of conventional DNA technology to the present DNA facilitates to produce a desired amount of mammalian L-asparaginases including human's which could not have been readily obtained. The present invention with these outstanding effects would greatly contribute to this filed. While there has been described what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be understood the various modifications may be made therein, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: (i) APPLICANT: NAME:KABUSHIKI KAISHA HAYASHIBARA SEIBUTSU KAGAKU KENKYUJO (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION:DNA CODING FOR MAMMALIAN L-ASPARAGINASE (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES:11 (iv) ADDRESS: (A) ADDRESSEE:KABUSHIKI KAISHA HAYASHIBARA SEIBUTSU KAGAKU KENKYUJO (B) STREET:2-3, 1-CHOME, SHIMOISHII (C) CITY:OKAYAMA (E) COUNTRY:JAPAN (F) POSTAL CODE (ZIP) :700 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE:Floppy disk (B) COMPUTER:IBM PC compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM:PC-DOS/MS-DOS (vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A1) APPLICATION NUMBER:JP 42564/95 , (B1) FILING DATE:February 8, 1995 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:4 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:1: (3) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:5 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:2: (4) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:565 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:3: (5) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:573 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:4: (6) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:1695 base pairs (B) TYPE:nucleic acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:5: (7) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:1719 base pairs (B) TYPE:nucleic acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:6: (8) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:11 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:internal fragment (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:7: (9) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:16 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:internal fragment (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:8: (10) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:9 amino acids (B) TYPE:amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:peptide (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:internal fragment (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:9: (11) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:1928 base pairs (B) TYPE:nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:double (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:cDNA to mRNA (iii) HYPOTHETICAL:No (iv) ANTISENSE:No (vi)ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM:guinea pig (F) TISSUE TYPE:liver (ix) FEATURE: (A1) NAME/KEY:1-19 5'-UTR (C1) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:S (A2) NAME/KEY:20-1714 mat peptide (C2) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:S (A3) NAME/KEY:1715-1928 3'-UTR (C3) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:S (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:10: (12) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH:2096 base pairs (B) TYPE:nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS:double (D) TOPOLOGY:linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE:cDNA to mRNA (iii) HYPOTHETICAL:No (iv) ANTISENSE:No (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM:human (F) TISSUE TYPE:liver (ix)FEATURE: (A1) NAME/KEY:1-92 5'-UTR (C1) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:S (A2) NAME/KEY:93-1811 mat peptide (C2) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:S (A4) NAME/KEY:1812-2096 3'-UTR (C4) IDENTIFICATION METHOD:S (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:SEQ ID NO:11:

Claims: A DNA coding for mammalian L-asparaginase, characterised in that said DNA comprises a base sequence which encodes both amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 and said DNA is hybridisable with either or both DNA comprising a base sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:5 or DNA comprising a base sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:6 at 50°C in a solution of 5 x SSPE, 5 x Denhardt's solution, 0.5 w/v % SDS, and 100 µg/ml of a denatured salmon sperm. A DNA according to claim 1, characterised in that said DNA comprises a base sequence which encodes either an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:3 or a homologous amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3. A DNA according to claim 1, characterised in that said DNA comprises a base sequence which encodes either an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 or a homologous amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. A DNA according to claim 2, characterised in that said DNA comprises a base sequence that is either as shown in SEQ ID NO:5 or a homologous base sequence to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 or a complimentary base sequence to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 A DNA according to claim 3, characterised in that said DNA comprises a base sequence that is either as shown in SEQ ID NO:6 or a homologous sequence to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6 or a complimentary base sequence to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6. The DNA according to claim 2, which has the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10: The DNA according to claim 3, which has the base sequence of SEQ ID NO:11: The DNA according to claim 4, wherein one or more bases in SEQ ID NO:5 are replaced with other bases by means of the degeneracy of genetic code without changing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. The DNA according to claim 5, wherein one or more bases in SEQ ID NO:6 are replaced with other bases by means of the degeneracy of genetic code without changing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. The DNA according to claim 1, which codes for an L-asparaginase of guinea pig or human.

Inventors: ARIO TAKESHI, KURIMOTO MASASHI, TANIAI MADOKA, TORIGOE KAKUJI, ARIO, TAKESHI, KURIMOTO, MASASHI, TANIAI, MADOKA, TORIGOE, KAKUJI
Applicants: HAYASHIBARA BIOCHEM LAB, KABUSHIKI KAISHA HAYASHIBARA SEIBUTSU KAGAKU KENKYUJO
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C12N15
IPC codes: C12N15, A61P7, C07H21, C12N9, C07K14, A61K38