TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Abstract: Transport system with a transport track (1) along which one or more transport elements (2) (cabins) are moveable, said track (1) running over a substantial horizontal distance, and at least two horizontally spaced stations, for loading and unloading persons and/or goods from the cabin, said stations being at a different vertical level of at least several meters, and the transport track brigdes the said level difference through a relatively steep course and preferably the transport track (1) and/or the cabin are mutually adapted such that the passenger comfort is secured along the part of the track where the level difference is bridged.

Description: Transport system. The subway is selected as the public traffic for transport of much people in area's of dense urbanisation, said subway is characterised by an own track going above or below the already existing traffic. In some cases there is even an own track at ground level, however this is excluded from the concept as described. We restrict ourselves to subways below ground level, although the same method can be used for subways on a high level. A feature of the known system is that both the subway track and the stations are under the ground. An alternative is to keep the track under the ground, while the stations are brought up. A practical drawback of this is that a typical subway has stations rather close to each other such that virtually there are merely inclined track parts between the stations because the present carriages of the subway vehicles allow for only very shallow inclinations for passenger comfort. It will be different if we start with small vehicles that follow each other with only a small time lapse. The typically rather lengthy subway vehicle is devided into seperate cabins that drive individually, so as to speek. This systems as such is not novel. This systems is found at airports, and is called "people mover". Also, there are systems with small shuttles pulled by cables of which the velocity is lowered at the change-over cites, such that entering and exiting the shuttle can be done safely. Such systems are merely economically feasible if the control is automatically, such that a shuttle does not require an individual for the control. In recent years, the automatic control with computerised sensing and evaluating has made this technically feasible and acceptable from a safety point of view. The present invention is concerned with application of the above mentioned small shuttles or cabins, that move throug e.g. a tunnelpipe under the ground, but these shuttles are raised to the stations along a steep ramp, while the shuttles remain horizontal, such that the passenger comfort is guaranteed. At the stations, the shuttles can be observed as an elevator. Afterwards, the shuttle moves further, and preferable is lowered to the preceeding level. To keep the shuttle horizontal, one can make the front wheels ride on an inclined track different from that for the back wheels, the front wheels having a smaller distance between them compared to the back wheels. During lowering, this is the other way around. For this purpose, a switching mechanism is provided. The mechanical implementation of this mechanism is not subject of this invention, but the concept of: - small shuttles following each other with a small time lapse; - driving below ground level; - changeover by entering or exiting the shuttle above the ground. Contrary to underground stations the advantages with the invention are: - No permanent illumination; - no ventilation; - * no stairs and moving stairs; - no elevator (for wheel chairs); - improves social security. Because the systems uses small shuttles, smaller than a standard subway train, the tunnelpipe can be small; like a big sewer. Since this is cheaper to construct, the grid-density can be made higher for the same financial investment. Since all provisions are small, the implementation in historic city area's will become easier. Because of the small time intervals between the shuttles, the passengers have practically no waiting time. Since there is no waiting time there is no need for providing a waiting room, such that the space needed can be much smaller compared to standard stations. It is preferable to select a proper architectual adaption for the stations, for instance by integration with a telephone box, kiosk, ticket seller, etc. The manager of the kiosk can e.g. have free use of it, if he will also inspect for reasons of security. The manager of the kiosk does not have to come in between if there is thread, however has a red emergency button, such that he is immediately in a position to call the subway police that is driving around in the neighbourhood. It is an object of the invention to provide a transport system such that with a reletively high frequency, for as low investments as possible, persons can be transported comfortably. It is another object, to enter or exit a transport element at the one level, and to do the essential transport with said element substantially at another level, differing substantially from the said one level, for a low price and small consumption of space. It is a further object to make the bridging of the different horizontal levels as comfortably as possible for a price as low as possible, such as investments and maintenance. It is another object of the invention to have a combination of the solutions of one or more of the above mentioned objects. These and other objects will appear from reading this description, and the drawings and claims as enclosed. The invention is mainly directed to a transport system, in which transport elements (shuttles), move along a substantially rigid guide and for instance hang therefrom or rest thereon. However, one can imagine, that a more flexible guide, such as a suspension cable -known as such with cable lifts in mountain area's to bridge large horizontal or vertical distances- is used, the shuttle hanging from such cable. One can imagine combinations as well, in which parts of the track are made by cables or other flexible or yielding guides, while other parts are made by substantially rigid guides, such as train rails etc. Use of merely rigid guides is perferred, since this allows for a curved track at low price. Another advantage over a hybrid system is that it contains no complex changes. The comfort is better compared to a cable lift as well. The invention will now be described referring to the enclosed drawings of non-limiting examples. In the drawings is: Fig. 1 a side elevational view of a part of a schematical illustration of the invention; Fig. 2-6 each time a side elevational view of a first, second, third, fourth and fifth, respectively, preferred embodiment; Fig. 7 a front view of a cabin or shuttle to be used with the invention; Fig. 8-10 each time a side elevational view of a sixth, seventh and eigth, respectively, preferred embodiment. In the drawings, the shuttle is moving forward from left to right . Fig. 1 shows a track 1 along which units 2 (shuttles) for the transport of goods and in particular persons are moving. The shuttles have a relatively short dimension, in the order of magnitude of common cabins for cable lifts and are adapted to contain for instance 20 persons. As shown, the track extends over more than one horizontal level; in this particular case two horizontal levels. In the illustrated embodiment each time a shuttle 2 can go from a lower level 4 to a higher level 3 through a ramp 5. Three up- and -down tracks are shown, which means tracks in which a shuttle rises from level 4 to level 3 and then back to level 4. De invention contemplates a track with at least one such up- and -down track. An up- and -down track can also be one wherein from a lower level subsequently risen is first to an intermediate level and than to an end level, and thereafter to come back to the initial level, etc. -possibly by first stopping at the intermediate level again-. Level 4 can be under the ground and level 3 can be above the ground. The distance between the levels 3 and 4 can be e.g. 6 meters. This distance is preferably the common mutual level-difference for two crossing subway lines, a subway line and a traffic path on ground level, multi-level crossings, etc. It will be appreciated that the preferred differences in level are comprised between several meters and some ten meters. Such defferences in level are to be bridged relavtively quick, with acceptable comfort to the passengers. At level 3 there can be e.g. a station for exiting and entering each time. Such stations can be present at level 4 as well. It is shown, how it is possible to make a choice for a shuttle 2 to divert from level 4 to reach level 3. To keep the space consumption as minimum as possible for the track at level 3, the shuttle 2 will, after level 3 is reached, go back to level 4 through a track as short as possible. The track extends over a horizontal distance which is preferable several hundreds of meters, and is more preferably comparable to common public transport systems, such as the subway, the bus or the train, with distances of several kilometers or some ten or even hundreds of kilometers or more. The shuttles preferably move vise versa along seperate tracs between the stations. As such, the illustration of fig. 1 can be regarded as one of those two seperated tracs. The horizontal distance between the stations measures preferably at least some ten of meters. A spacing between the stations of several hundred meters or some kilometers is feasible as well. The spacing between stations is typically not constant for all stations. The shuttles each time move along the one ramp 5 to level 3, and return to level 4 along the other ramp. In this illustration, the track is substantially at level 4. This situation can be inverted as well, e.g. in which the level 3 is high above ground level, and the stations at level 4 are at ground level. It will be appreciated that, for securing the passenger comfort, the shuttles are maintained in as much a horizontal attitude as possible; this counts for rising and descending along the ramps 5 between the levels as well^ To further guarantee the comfort, it is preferable that the travel along the track 1 is as much smooth as possible, with as minimum strong accelerations and decelerations as possible. A prefered forward velocity is between 5 and 15 m/s. The most preferred speed at this moment is between 7 and 10 m/s. A preferred movement along the track 1 is as follows : when moving at level 4, the shuttle is decelerated to between 0.5 and 2 m/s when arriving at the vicinity of the ramp 5, after which the ramp 5 is passed at such speed, and the shuttle finally comes to a stop at level 3. After changeover of the passengers, the shuttle is accelerated at level 3 to e.g. between 0.5 and 2 m/s, and after the ramp 5 is passed, the shuttle is accelerated further to the typical speed at level 4. It is feasible as well, even during entering and exiting of passengers, to maintain a forward velocity. The acceleration and deceleration can be done with known systems, as with cable lift systems. The propulsion is preferebly provided by pulling cables or other flexible pulling elements, as is known as such from cable lift systems. The inclination of the ramp is preferably an optimization between the opposite requirements for small space consumption and passenger comfort. Said inclination is preferably between 20° and 45°. A preferred inclination is comparable to the inclination of stairs in public area's, such as station buildings etc. The shuttle 2 preferably rides, as with the embodiment of fig. 2-4, with four wheels, two at the front, two at the back, on both sides of the longitudinal axis and preferably with the same gauge on a course. The travel course can have the width of the gauge of the shuttle, but can also, such as with e.g. rails for trains, be comprised by two parallel travel courses of about the width erf the wheels, and in line with those wheels. The travel course can e.g. be provided by train rails or equivalent, and the wheels of the shuttle are e.g. adapted to the type of travel course. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the shuttle is guided along two parallel, typically vertically spaced, substantially rigid fixed guides 6, 7. The vertical distance between them amounts approximately e.g. the height of the shuttle 2. The shuttle has horizontally spaced supports, here at the front and the back, for engagement with the guides 6 or 7, to remain horizontal along the ramps 5. The shuttle preferably moves along said guides 6, 7 with as minimum resistance as possible, such that the shuttle is preferably provided with wheels 8. To keep in balance, the shuttle 2 has at least one set of wheels on both sides of its centre of gravity. In the situation as shown here, at the descending ramp 5 -on the right hand side of the drawing- the guides 6, 7 cross each other. The embodiment as a mirror image of fig. 2 is feasible as well. Fig. 3 shows an alternative for as good as possible horizontally bridging the different levels. In here it is illustrated as well, that the level 4 is below the ground in a tunnel pipe 9. Reference number 10 indicates an accelerate / decelerate device which is known as such, a rotating body (wheel) of which engages at a side of the shuttle 2 for acceleration or deceleration or moving forward at constant speed. By the large amount of bodies 10, accurate control of the amount of acceleration or deceleration is possible. Furthermore, there is a lifting platform 11. This platform 11 can move between the levels 3 and 4 with the aid of a lifting element 12 (e.g. a hydraulic jack). By lifting the platform under an angle (as is shown here), this will move forward, and said movement can be added to that of the shuttle, which is advantageous for the comfort. With the descending ramp (not visible), the action of the lifting device is preferably such that an advantageous forward movement of the platform is given as well. The platform 11 is preferably provided with accelerating / decelerating means as well, engaging the STiuttle. In this way one has a maximum course length for accelerating / decelerating, sine accelerating / decelerating is possible with the platform too. It is further preferable to give the platforms a length substantially larger than that of the shuttles, also such that the shuttles can maintain a certain speed. The length of the platform is preferably at least twice, more preferably at least three times the length of a shuttle. Fig. 4 shows a variant of fig. 3, in which a toothrack is used for lifting the platform 11. Other embodiments for lifting and lowering are feasible. It is e.g. possible as well that merely for lifting and lowering purposes, the shuttle is suspended by (e.g. hanging from) a cable lift. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the guides 6, 7 are seperated from each other in the inclined parts 5, and have a different profile in side view, however they meet each other at the ends. Said guides support at least one supporting platform 14, of which one is shown in the drawing. Such platform 14 is adapted to support a shuttle 2. Each platform has at both sides of the longitudinal axis front and back wheels or equivalent ride- or slide supports with the guides 6, 7. By co-operation with the guides 6, 7 the platforms keep a substantial horizontal attitude. A platform 14 carries e.g. a shuttle merely in the inclined parts 5, but it is possible too that a platform picks up the shuttle at level 4, brings it to level 3, supports the shuttle there as well, and brings it back to level 4. The plateaus can circulate for one up - and - down track, as schematically shown in fig. 10. The circulation can be such that the platforms 14 pass both ramps 5 (circulation A in fig. 10). It is possible as well, that the one group of platforms 14 passes merely the upstream ramp 5 (circulation B), and another group passes merely the downstream ramp 5 (circulation C). With the circulations B and C, the shuttle bridges the space between the ramps 5 at level 3 without a platform. For circulation A it is shown in fig. 10, how the platforms 14 are moved back below level 4 to the starting position at the lower end of the upstream ramp -on the left hand side in the drawing-. It will appreciated that such circulation principle is feasible for other types of lifting, such as shown in the drawings, as well. The guiding in circulation can be done with means known as such, and form no complication for the skilled person. In the embodiment according to fig. 5, the gauge of the wheels or other ride or slide supports of each platform is adjustable, for adjustment to the guide 6 or 7 , especially if the platforms pass both ramps . The course part 7 is closer to the longitudinal axis compared to the course part 6. When rising, the front wheels are therefor shifted inwards. Shifting the front or back wheels inwards from their initial position can be done in several ways. For instance mechanically controlled with a spigot (not shown), projecting from the course at the highest and the lowest position of the lifting/lowering part. That spigot engages a switch mechanism (not visible) below the platform, if the platform passes the spigot. Then one of the wheel pairs is brought inwards through a coupling, and at the highest point the other wheel pair (front or back wheels) is brought inward. The spigot can be provided on the platfrom as well, and the switch system on or at the track. Another possibility for adjustment of the wheels is e.g. with a electric motor controlled by a wireless communicated signal at the moment that it is necessary to bring the wheels inward and/ or outward. If it is concerned with such possibilities for adjustment, reference is made to CH-A-518.824 , of which the description is inserted here by reference. There it is desrcibed and shown a system for disengaging of wheels clamped on both sides of a shaft of a train carriage, to adjust the width between the rails. Disengagement takes place by actuating with a spigot element passed by the shaft. Then the wheels are adjusted for another width between the rails. If the spigot element is removed, the wheels are engaged with the shaft again. The wheels or other shift or slide supports of the shuttle 2 for engagement with the guides can be provided for adjustment of the gauge. Then there are no platforms ne * eded to bridge the different levels. Then the shuttle is directly supported by the guides 6, 7. Outside the area's with the guides 6, 7 it is preferred then, that the wheels on the one side of the shuttle are supported by the same guide, which gives an important saving of material. Then the wheels are mutually in line. The advantage of the use of supporting platforms 14 is that with it there is no need for special provisions on the shuttle for lifting /lowering it horizontally, which is advantageous for the costs. If such provisions are provided on the shuttle, the comfort along the complete track is better ensured. With the embodiment according to fig. 6 a substantially vertical operating elevator or lifting device 15 is used to bridge the different levels. Such is moved up and down in a known manner by hydraulic jacks or a scissors system, both known as such. The length of the lifting platform, on which the shuttle rides on and off, of that lifting system is preferably such that during bridging the levels, the shuttle is not forced to completely stop on the platform. This is advantageous for the passenger comfort. The typical velocity of the shuttle is 7 m/s for long distances. For instance just ahead of the elevator this velocity is e.g. lowered to 3 m/s, and if supported by the elevator, the speed of the shuttle decreases further to e.g. 0.5 m/s. It is even possible, before the shuttle moves form the platform, to accelerate it. When accelerating/ decelerating and keeping a forward velocity at the lifting platform, it is possible to have a time table with a higher frequency. The lifting platform can cover level 3 completely, including the ramps 5. Fig. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the shuttle 2 in front view. This it especially suited for use in combination with a course according to fig. 5, in which the wheels 16 are directly supported by the guides (in this situation having a railway type shape). The situation is shown in which the shuttle is moving on the guides 6, 7, the front and back wheels having a different gauge. Supporting rolls 17 are shown, to centre the wheels 16 on the guides 6, 7. A cable clamp 18 is shown as well, which is constructed as us al for e.g. cable lifts in downhill skiing areas. With this clamp the shuttle can be locked or unlocked to a (ususally endless) propulsion cable or equivalent flexible pulling element, moving with a substantially constant forward velocity. The cabin 22 of the shuttle is shown as well, providing room for e.g. twenty passengers (to stand or /and to sit), and all sides of it are transparent, such is usual with e.g. cabins of cable lifts in downhill skiing. Fig. 8 shows an alternative for the embodiment of fig. 3, using a pivoting system of rods 19. The upper position of the ascending platform 11 (to the left in the drawing) respectively descending platform 11' (to the right in the drawing) is shown with broken lines each time. By descelerating the shuttle 2 if it rests on the ascending platform 11, kinetic energie is generated by the shuttle to bring the platform 11 to level 3. For the descending platform 11 use can be made of the potential energy from the shuttle 2. Again it is possible to make sure that the shuttle keeps a forward velocity when going to level 3, which is advantageous for the comfort. Finally in fig. 9 a further alternative for lifting a shuttle is shown, that can be used either with substantial vertical lifting (e.g. according to fig. 6), or with inclined lifting (e.g. according to fig. 3, 4 or 5). At both sides of the track, and so of the shuttle 2, there is an enless actuator 20 each time, having one or more supports 21 (in this embodiment two supports 21 each time). The supports are active in pairs; one at each actuator 20. With the actuators 20 active, one pair of supports 21 moves upward (to arrive at level 4 from level 3: downward), and takes shuttles 2 with it. With more than one pair of supports 21, a higher frequency of lifting/ lowering is possible. The shuttle 2, or a replacing transport element, can for instance be used to lift a ship over a dike as well. The shuttle is then a wheeled dock. The transport distance for the dock will usually be restricted to the immediate vicinity of the dike. Further embodiments are feasibel as well, for instance on the basis of the combination of one or more features of the ones that are described here. It is possible as well, to e.g. make the cabin tilting to the front and the back when connected to a support along the track. During lifting/lowering the cabin is tilted then to keep it horizontal. However, that demands for a complex system, requiering much space (height), such that it is less appropriate for a compact structure and /or a comfortable transport at relatively high speeds. It will be understood that for the indication of directions, such as above, below, up, down, lift, lower, descend, the opposite indication (below, above, down, up, descend, ascend, lift) can be used too. It is preferable to have the levels bridged immediately upstream and downstream from a station. It is preferable as well that the part of the transport course for bridging the levels, except for the connection to the further part of the course, has a substantial constant inclination. If a lifting mechanism is used, it is acting with e.g. chains, cables, hydraulic jackets, toothed gear wheels, friction wheels, etc.

Claims: C laims 1. Transport system with a transport track along which one or more transport elements (cabins) are moveable, said track running over a substantial horizontal distance, and at least two horizontally spaced stations, for loading and unloading persons and /or goods from the cabin, said stations being at a different vertical level of at least several meters, and the transport track bridges the said level difference through a relatively steep course and preferably the transport track and /or the cabin are mutually adapted such that the passenger comfort is secured along the part of the track where the level difference is bridged. 2. System according to claim 1, wherein the cabine has supports adapted to the course of the transport track in the bridging part in which the level difference is bridged (fig. 2 ) and/ or has moveable supports (fig. 7). 3. System according to any of the preceding claims, wherein in the bridging part the transport track has a length such that the cabin can maintain a preferably substantial forward velocity when bridging the levels. 4. System according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the transport track is substantially at one level, apart from the positions of the stations at a substantial different level as well as the bridging parts to those stations. 5. System according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inclination of the course that is followed by the transport track to bridge the level difference is more than 20°, preferably between 20° and 60° and is more preferably not more than 45° . 6. Transport system for transport over a relatively long distance with along the transport track at least two spaced stations for boarding and /or unboarding, the system is mainly at a level substantial different from another transport system for connecting transport, like a subway at some distance below ground level on the one hand and a traffic road for pedestrians and/ or cars on the other hand, the system being provided with one or more wheeled or otherwise along a track moveable transport elements for one or more persons and possibly goods, the system is adapted such that and the transport elements are constructed such that at least for a number of said boarding and unboarding stations said transport elements can be brought to the level of said other transport system using a relatively steep course and preferably with fixed attitude, for which reason said transport elements are relatively short compared to usual subways and trains, for substantial elimination of additional sub-transport systems for transport of persons in between the said transport systems nearby said stations for boarding and unboarding. 7. System according to any of the preceding claims, with a switch element to take at wish a ramp to another level. 8. Method of transporting one or more persons sitting, standing or lying in a cabin or equivalent transport element between horizontally and vertically spaced stations for boarding and unboarding, wherein said cabin is guided along a transport track and said transport track bridges said vertical distance in a relatively short horizontal distance such that if the cabin adapts itself to the inclination of the bridging course of said transport track, the passenger comfort is substantially affected, and measurements are taken such that in the courses that the transport track bridges said vertical distance, said cabin is keeping an attitude such that the passenger comfort is secured, and wherein this method is possibly carried out with any of the preceding claims. 9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the cabin, moveing in one and the same direction, subsequently goes from an initial level to a higher/ lower level and back again to the initial level. 10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein during bridging the cabin or the carriage on the part of the transport track for bridging the level difference maintains a forward velocity.

Inventors: GRIMBERGEN CORNELIS CHRISTIAAN, LEITNER KURT, OUDAKKER GERRIT, GRIMBERGEN, CORNELIS, CHRISTIAAN, BERNARDUS, LEITNER, KURT, OUDAKKER, GERRIT
Applicants: GRIMBERGEN CORNELIS CHRISTIAAN, HATTUM & BLANKEVOORT BV, LEITNER AG, LEITNER KURT, OUDAKKER GERRIT, GRIMBERGEN, CORNELIS, CHRISTIAAN, BERNARDUS, LEITNER, KURT, OUDAKKER, GERRIT, VAN HATTUM EN BLANKEVOORT B.V.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B61B13
IPC codes: B61B13, B61B15