MICROBIAL 11 alpha -HYDROXYLATION OF STEROIDS

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial method of in vitro transformation of a steroid into its corresponding 11 alpha -hydroxy analogue using oxygen and a microorganism selected from Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus arrhizus, and strains of Pestelotia, characterized in that a steroid having a purity of less than 97 % is used.

Description: MICROBIAL llα-HYDRO\YLΛTION OF STEROIDS The present invention relates to a microbial method of 1 lα-hydroxyiation of steroids Microbial 1 l -hydroxylation of steroids is a well known process, in vivo as well as in vitro For instance 1 lα-hydroxylation of progesterone by cell-free preparations of Aspergillus ochraceus has been reported by Shibahara et al Biochim Biophys Acta, 202 ( 1970), 172-179 It has also been known that microbial 1 lα-hydroxylation reactions of steroids are unpredictable, and invariably lead to incomplete transformations Typicallv conversion degrees of 80-85% are obtained For industrial applications it is however of importance to obtain high predictable conversion rates, which preferably lead to higher than 95% yields of l lα- hydroxylated steroids Mathematical models in the optimization of such fermentation processes are discussed by Deshayes et al , Bull Soc Chim Fr , ( 1980), II 24-34 For example, in the l lα-hydroxylation of canrenone, Deshayes disclosed that under optimum conditions better than 95% yields could be attained when Aspergillus ochraceus was used in a medium containing I a 10 g/1 of glucose m a matπx of malt-extract and trypticase Under these conditions up to 1 5 g/1 of canrenone could be transformed, which was considered to be an improvement in the art, for instance as disclosed by Blunt et al , J Chem Soc , 6 ( 1971 ), 1 136 who were not able to obtain more than 90% yield of 1 lα-hvdroxylated canrenone using at the most 0 5 g 1 of substrate Since it can be reasoned that contaminations will have a detrimental influence on the microbial process, it can be expected that further optimization could be obtained by increasing the purity of the starting materials Surprisingly however, it has now been found that a further improvement is obtained by using less than pure substrate, in particular by using a substrate having a purity of less than 97% The invention therefore relates to a microbial method of in vitro transformation of a steroid into its corresponding 1 l -hydroxy analogue using oxygen and a micro-organism selected from A speigiJlus oclvaceus Aspergillus niger Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus art hizits, and strains of ' Pestelolia, characterized in that a steroid having a purity of less than 97% is used Preferably the micro-organism is Aspergillus ochraceus The purity of the steroid is preferably more than 90% More preferably the purity of the steroid is between 90 and 95 % The present method using impure substrates affords microbial transformations at substrate concentrations, which are substantially greater than the maximum concentrations as disclosed by Blunt or Deshayes The present microbial method can be used with steroids having an unsubstituted 1 1- position. Preferred examples are estr-4-ene-3, 17-dione and canrenone The surprising effect of impurities on the conversion degree is illustrated in the following tables: Table I Conversion of estr-4-ene-3, 17-dione by A. ochraceus purity substrate concentration conversion degree (%) (g/i) (%) 99 15 78 99 10 83 98 25 85 94* 15 91 15 91 94* 15 94 94* 25 97 93 10 98 92 various natural impurities added to pure substrate Table II Conversion of canrenone by A. ochraceus purity substrate concentration conversion degree (%) (g i) (%) 100 5 74 100 10 78 100 20 73 100 35 72 96 10 98 94 15 96 96 22 96 95 22 95 The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. EXAMPLES Example 1 A shake flask containing a mineral growth medium with glucose was inoculated with spores of A. ochraceus and placed on a reciprocal shaker at 28 °C for 15 h A stirred fermentor containing 5 1 of medium was subsequently inoculated with 250 ml of germinated spore suspension. The used medium contained a glucose/yeast extract medium (glucose 40 g/1, yeast extract 10 g/1, pH 5 0) The culture conditions were as follows stirrer speed 750 rpm, airflow 0 2 1/1/m, temp 28 °C Foaming was measured with an antifoam electrode and controlled by automatic addition of a silicon based antifoam agent When the culture had a biomass concentration of at least 2 g/1 a small portion of estr-4-ene-3, 17-dione ( 1 g/1) was added to induce the synthesis of the hydroxylation enzymes Three hours later higher concentrations of steroid were added to reach the desired concentrations as given in Table I The steroid trans¬ formation was stopped when repeatedly no increase in conversion was observed Example 2 In a shake flask the same culture as described in Example 1 was prepared When the culture had a biomass concentration of at least 4 g 1 the canrenone was added at once to reach the desired concentrations as given in Table II The steroid transformation was stopped when repeatedly no increase in conversion was observed

Claims: 5 CLAIMS 1 A microbial method of in vitro transformation of a steroid into its corresponding 1 lα- hydroxy analogue using oxygen and a micro-organism selected from Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus airhizus, and strains of Pestelotia, characterized in that a steroid having a purity of less than 97% is used 2 The method according to claim 1 , wherein the micro-organism is Aspergillus ochraceus 3 The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the purity of the steroid is between 90 and 95% 4 The method according to any one of claims 1 -3, wherein a steroid concentration greater than 0 5 g/1 is used 5 The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the steroid is selected from estr-4-ene-3, 17-dione and canrenone

Inventors: VAN DER MEIJDEN PIETER, WIERSMA MARTEN, VAN DER MEIJDEN, PIETER, WIERSMA, MARTEN
Applicants: AKZO NOBEL NV, MEIJDEN PIETER V D, WIERSMA MARTEN, AKZO NOBEL N.V., VAN DER MEIJDEN, PIETER, WIERSMA, MARTEN
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C12P33
IPC codes: C12N1, C12P33, C12R1