SELF-LOCKING RATCHET NUT

Abstract: A female component comprising a self-locking nut (12) is designed to work with a male component's (11) thread having a slot, recess, hole or keyway (21) along the thread. A novel locking ring (13) is placed in a cavity in one end of the nut. One or more fingers (24) on the locking ring lock into the slot, recess, hole or keyway in the male thread, and multiple projections (25) on the ring lock into recesses in the female component. By locking the male and female components to the ring, the device locks the male component to the female component.

Description: Patent Application of Richard W. VanderDrift for Self-Locking Ratchet Nut Background of the Invention 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a self-locking female threaded fastener intended to secure itself to a threaded bolt, cylinder, stud, shank or screw that has a spline, slot, notch, or recess through or in its thread. 2. Description of the Related Art Locking threaded fasteners and threaded connecting devices of a wide variety of types are available which reduce the tendency of male, generally cylindrical, threaded components from altering their position in relation to their corresponding female threaded component, thereby reducing the tendency of such threaded fasteners and threaded connecting devices to loosen and come apart in response to vibration, expansion, contraction and other movement Many such fasteners function in this regard by increasing friction between the mated threads of the male and female components or between the fastener and the parts joined by the fastener. Examples include: lock washers, tooth washers, blind thread bores filled with resilient inserts, and screw thread profiles that jam or deform when tightened. Other such fasteners and connections function by increasing the friction between the engaging surfaces of the head of the male component and work piece, or between the female component and work piece. In all such arrangements, the increased friction makes rotation more difficult between the male and female components, thereby preventing inadvertent release or loosening of the male and female components. A drawback of all these approaches is that the male and female components can loosen at any axial pressure or tension less than that required to suip the male component out of the female component, since the threads in each case fall away in the direction of axial pressure or tension, a portion of such pressure or tension is translated into a rotational force tending to loosen the components. Also, fasteners using these approaches generally require high torque to install, mar the joint surface, are not reusable, or require greater loads to be effective than is desirable to apply to some joints. Self-locking accessories such as cotter pins, lock wires, and nut assemblies comprising a first working nut and a second locking nut part have the drawback of requiring additional installation steps. Therefore, there is a need for threads, threaded fasteners, and threaded devices: (i) that will not come loose under loads equal or less than the loads the fastener supports, (ii) that can be easily installed using conventional tools, (iii) that employ torque values appreciably closer to those torque values necessary only to clamp together the workpieces (as opposed to requiring higher torque values to provide increased resistance against loosening), and (iv) that can be installed as easily as standard fasteners. The present invention addresses these drawbacks in known prior threaded fasteners and threaded devices and meets these needs with a novel locking ring placed in a cavity in one end of the nut. One or more fingers on the locking ring lock into a slot, recess, hole or keyway in the male thread and multiple projections on the chp lock into recesses in the female component. By locking the male component to the clip and the female component to the clip the device locks the male component to the female component. Brief Descrintion of the Drawings Figure IA is a side view of the invention in an assembled state. Figure IB is an end view of the invention in an assembled state showing the flexible thread fmger of the female component interacting with the thread keyway of the male component. Figure 2A is a detail end view of a male thread segment with the female component's ring finger positioned in the male thread's keyway. Figure 2B is a detail side view of one of the female component's recesses and one of the female component's ring projections positioned in the recess. Figure 3A is an end view of the female fastening component's recesses according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3B is a side view of the female fastening component's recesses according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3C is an end view of the female component's locking ring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3D is a side view of the female component's locking ring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Reference Numerals in the Drawings - male component ~ female component - locking ring - male component's keyway ~ female component's recess ~ female component's ring cavity - locking ring's finger ~ locking ring's projection Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Figure IA shows a side view and Figure IB an end view of a self-locking threaded connection, in an assembled state, comprised of a male component (11) having a slot, recess, hole or keyway (21) (hereafter referred to as the "keyway"), and a female component (12) with a cavity (23) for holding a locking ring (13). The locking ring is held within the female component's cavity in a manner that enables it to rotate within the cavity. The locking ring is designed to work with the keyway of the male component and recesses (22 of Figure 3C) in the female component's cavity so that, as the male component is being screwed into or out of the female component, the locking ring engages the male component and female component in a novel manner and thereby prevent the assembled fastener from inadvertently loosening due to vibration and shocks (hereafter referred to as "locking"). . Figure 2A is an end view of the locking ring's finger (24) positioned within the male component's keyway (21). Figure 2B is a side view of one of a locking ring's flexible projections (25) positioned within one of a female component's recesses (22). The arrows point in the direction the parts move when the fastener is tightened. The dashed lines indicate that a feature appears only intermittently from the given perspective. The tip of the locking ring's finger that comes into contact with the side of the keyway when the fastener is rotated in the tightening direction is shaped so that once engaged within the keyway it cannot be disengaged by rotating either the male or female component in the tightening direction without permanently damaging either the keyway or the finger. The tip of the locking ring's finger that comes into contact with the side of the keyway when the fastener is rotated in the loosening direction is shaped so that sustained torque in the loosening direction can overcome the spring force urging the finger into the keyway and disengage the finger from the keyway. The female component's recesses and the locking ring's projections are shaped so that once at least one of them is engaged, it cannot be disengaged by rotating either the male or female component in the loosening direction without permanently damaging either the recess or the locking ring. The recesses and projections are shaped so that sustained torque in the tightening direction can disengage the projection from the recess by either pushing the ring and its projection up and out of the way or by forcing the projection to flex upward and out of the recess. Figure 3C is an end view of the female component (12) without the locking ring (13), and Figure 3D is its side view. The female component's cavity (23) is large enough to hold the the locking ring snugly in the axial direction and tightly enough in the radial direction so that the locking ring's projections (25) are forced into the female component's recesses (22). The female component's recesses can be placed anywhere in the cavity as long as they align with the locking ring's projections. In the preferred embodiment, they are along the back of the cavity. Figure 3A is an end view of the locking ring (13), and Figure 3B is its side view. The inner diameter of the locking ring measured from the tip of the fmger (24) is less than the minor diameter of the male component. The inner diameter of the locking ring between any two points other than the tip of the finger is greater than the major diameter of the male component. The finger is long enough so that it can flex at least the height of one thread rotation of the male so that as the female component is threaded onto the male, the finger can flex radially away from the head of the male until the tip of the finger aligns with the keyway or the lead-in (runout) of the male thread. The number and positioning of the female component's recesses (22) and the male component's projections (25) are such that the recesses and projections align synchronously and at least one projection is always within a few degrees of a recess. T e female component can be easily rotated onto the male component because even after the locking ring's fmger (24) snaps into the keyway (21), the locking ring can rotate within the female component's cavity. As the female is rotated further onto the male component, the finger remains in the keyway and the ring moves without rotating axially up the male component with the female component When the female component is subsequently rotated in the loosening direction, the f ger remains positioned in the keyway and the locking ring does not rotate with the female component. When the end of a projection (25) aligns with the side of a recess (22), the projection digs into the side of the recess and prevents the locking ring from rotating within the female component's cavity. At this point, the female component is locked to the male component Once locked, sufficient addiuonal higher torque in the loosening direction unlocks the finger from the keyway. Traditional threaded fasteners subjected to dynamic loads, stress reversals or vibration are susceptible to loosening. Tightening such fasteners develops axial tensile stress that creates frictional resistance to loosening between mated threads and between bolt and nut surfaces bearing against the joined materials. This same tensile stress in the bolt also encourages the mating threads to slip due to the "downward" slope of their helix angle. In the current invention, for the mating threads to slip even as vibration reduces resistance, the axial tensile stress must also lift or force the locking ring's fmger (24) out of the male thread's keyway (21) and to overcome any remaining friction. To push or lift a finger out of the keyway, the loosening torque resulting from tensile stress must be great enough to overcome the natural spring return action pushing the fmger into the keyway. To ensure that the loosening torque is less than these resistive forces, the finger's tension is engineered to create sufficient resistance to prevent inadvertently loosening of the fastener. In alternative embodiments, the faces of the fmger can be formed so that they dig into the recesses when torque is applied in either the tightening or loosening directions. In such embodiments, the fasteners cannot be loosened without damaging the fastener. While the present invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be provided. For example, there are many other embodiments having a variety of configurations for the shape, angle, position, number and size of the fingers, projections and recesses. These and other variations upon, and modifications to, the preferred embodiment are provided for by the present invention which is only limited by the following claims..

Claims: Claims We Claim: 1. A threaded female fastening device comprising: a. a first body having an internal thread, an anular cavity, and at least one recess in the cavity, b. a ring shaped second body axially secured in the cavity of the first body and having, i. at least one finger with spring return action and extending toward the axis of the first body's internal thread and with a point on the end of the finger shaped to prevent disengagement from the keyway of a male threaded fastener when rotated in a tightening direction and shaped to the allow disengagement when rotated with in the loosening direction, ii. and having at least one projection to engage the first body's recess when aligned, and shaped to engage in conjunction with the recesses to prevent disengagement when from the recess when rotated in the loosening direction and shaped to allow disengagement when rotated in the tightening direction. 2. The threaded fastening device of claim 1 wherein the recesses in the cavity and the projections are shaped so that when the end of a projection is forced adjacent to the projections the of the ring can components engaging is a series of at least one recess between thread rotations. 3. The threaded fastening device of claim 1 wherein the means for engaging is a series of at least one projection between thread rotations. 4. The threaded fastening device of claim 1 with a means for disengaging the projection from the means for engaging comprising faces on the projection and faces cn the means for meshing shaped so that the faces can glide by each other when urged toward each other with torque. 5. The threaded fastening device of claim 1 with a means for preventing disengaging of the projection from the means for engaging, comprising faces on the projection and faces on the means for engaging shaped so that the faces cannot glide by each other when urged toward each other with torque. 6. The threaded fastening device of claim 1 wherein the means for engaging are on the flank of the external thread and the projections are urged toward the external thread's flank by the spring return action. An internal flexible thread segment comprising: a. a means to be attached to a female fastening component or tapped hole to prevent the intemal flexible thread segment from moving radially independently of the female fastening component, b. a series of at least one projection with spring return action such that when the threaded female fastening device is screwed onto a male fastening device, the flexible thread segment presses against the thread on the male fastening device. 8. The fastening device of claim 7 wherein the internal flexible thread segment is attached to a female fastening component 9. The fastening device of claim 7 wherein the faces of the projection are shaped so that the faces can glide by obstacles on a extemal thread when urged past the obstacle with torque. 10. The fastening device of claim 7 wherein the faces of the projection are shaped so that the faces cannot glide by obstacles on a external thread when urged past the obstacle with torque without damaging the projection or the obstacle. 11. A threaded female fastening device having a means for attaching a flexible thread segment. 12. A threaded male fastening device having an extemal thread having a seπes of at least one means for engaging a female fastening device. 13. The threaded fastening device of claim 11 wherein the means for engaging is a series of at least one recess between thread rotations. 14. The threaded fastening device of claim 11 wherein the means for meshing is a series of at least one projection between thread rotations..

Inventors: TURIN PAUL S, ULLRICH ROBERT G, VANDERDRIFT RICHARD W, TURIN, PAUL, S., ULLRICH, ROBERT, G., VANDERDRIFT, RICHARD, W.
Applicants: VANDERBOLT L L C, VANDERBOLT, L.L.C.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F16B39
IPC codes: F16B39