Ink jet recording apparatus and method for performing ink jet printing

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus is described which jets out a plurality of ink droplets at a predetermined cycle within a single drive period and such that the ink droplets are combined in the air to form a single ink droplet which is supplied to a recording sheet. A charge pulse generating circuit (20) and a discharge pulse generating circuit (22) which divide a drive period into a plurality of segments and output a pulse signal, having cycle Tp which is larger than the Helmholtz cycle Tc, in synchronism with an auxiliary print signal. A time constant adjusting circuit (24) changes an output waveform of a constant current circuit (21, 23) with the pulse signal to increase the velocity of an ink droplet last jet out so that the velocity of the ink droplet allows the ink droplet to be combined, in the air, with an ink droplet previously jet out. It is further described a method for performing ink jet printing with an ink jet recording apparatus.

Description: The present invention relates to an ink jet recording apparatus and a method for performing ink jet printing with an ink jet recording apparatus. An ink jet recording head forms images on a recording sheet or the like by jetting ink droplets from the nozzle openings thereof while changing pressure in the pressure producing chambers. In order to improve image quality, small dots at a higher density must be formed on the recording sheet or the like. Since it is difficult to adjust the quantity of ink in a single ink droplet, many ink droplet adjustment methods involve the step of jetting a plurality of ink droplets in accordance with a density specified by a print signal. However, these methods address the problem that print quality is impaired by satellites and the like. In order to overcome such problems, Documents EP-A-0115180 and EP-A-0194852 disclose ink jet recording devices which are capable of causing a plurality of ink droplets to be ejected in such a manner that the ink droplets merge while air-borne. In order to achieve this, these documents teach that the velocity of an ink droplet can be influenced by the pulse fall time, pulse amplitude, pulse width and dead time between pulses. Documents US-A-4714935, Patent abstracts of Japan vol. 18, No. 173 (M-1581), and GB-A-2157623 are also concerned with shaping the drive pulse wave form which is applied to the piezoelectric element. Furthermore, Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho. 59-133066 and U.S. Patent No. 5,285,215 have disclosed the following method. The method involves the steps of: jetting a plurality of ink droplets, which are to form a single ink droplet, from the nozzle openings continuously; causing such plurality of ink droplets to be combined into a single ink droplet during flight; and causing the combined single ink droplet to deposit on a recording sheet. As a result of this method, gradation representation can be implemented without displacements between ink droplets caused by the travelling of the carriage. Thin method will be described in more detail. A first portion of pressure change consists of a decrease in the pressure of a pressure producing chamber which increases the capacity of the pressure producing chamber. The increase in pressure is initiated at a front edge portion of a drive pulse. A second portion of pressure change consists of an increase in the pressure of the pressure producing chamber which decreases the capacity of the pressure producing chamber. The decrease in pressure is initiated at the rear edge portion of the drive pulse. This increase in the pressure of the pressure producing chamber causes an ink droplet to be jet out of the pressure producing chamber. Further, the velocity of the second portion of pressure change is proportional to the slope of the rear edge portion of the drive pulse. The above-described method involves the following steps. First, a voltage is applied to a converter means so that the converter means contracts along the length thereof to thereby increase the capacity of the pressure producing chamber and allow the pressure producing chamber to generate negative pressure therein. As a result of this operation, ink from an ink supply reservoir is caused to flow into the pressure producing chamber so that the pressure producing chamber is filled with the ink. In the second step, the supply of voltage to the converter means is terminated. As a result, the capacity of the pressure producing chamber is rapidly decreased to thereby allow the ink droplet to be jet out of an orifice. In the third step, a plurality of continuous drive pulses are supplied to the converter means. In the third step, at least one of the drive pulses is applied within a time period from the end of the last drive pulse to the timing at which the tail end portion continuous to the last ink droplet jet out by the pulse moves away from she orifice, and at least one drive pulse has a larger rear edge portion slope than the last drive pulse. The fourth step is to repetitively operate the converter means at sequentially decreasing drive cycles, which in turn produces a plurality of predetermined continuous pressure changes in the pressure producing chamber. This operation allows a plurality of predetermined ink droplets, whose velocities are continuously sequentially increasing, to be jet out from the orifices within such a time period as to allow the ink droplets to be combined together during flight. However, the cycle of the converter means must be sequentially changed, and this operation complicates clock signal design and thus makes print control difficult. The present invention intends to overcome the above problems. The object is solved by the ink jet recording apparatus of independent claim 1 and by the method for performing ink jet printing with an ink jet recording apparatus according to independent claim 20. Further advantages, features, aspects and details of the invention are evident from the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying drawings. The claims are intended to be understood as a first non-limiting approach of defining the invention in general terms. Basically, the invention relates to printers that print characters and images on a recording sheet by causing the capacity of pressure producing chambers to be changed by the operation of piezoelectric vibration elements in response to print signals so that ink droplets can be jet out of the corresponding nozzle openings. It is, therefore, an aspect of the present invention to provide a novel ink jet recording apparatus that can form a single dot out of a plurality of ink droplets while maintaining a constant clock signal that manages the basic timing of a print operation. The ink jet recording apparatus according to the present invention includes: a recording head having at least one piezoelectric vibration element and a pressure producing chamber having a Helmholtz cycle Tc, said pressure producing chamber being expanded or contracted by displacement of said at least one piezoelectric vibration element; a pulse signal generating means for dividing a single recording head drive period into n segments, n being an integer having a value of at least two, and for outputting, in synchronism with signals supplied from an external source, first and second pulse signals having a pulse cycle T1; a first drive signal outputting means for outputting, in response to the pulse of the first pulse signal within each segment, a first drive signal for contracting said at least one piezoelectric vibration element at a predetermined velocity; a second drive signal outputting means for outputting, in response to the pulse of the second pulse signal within each segment, a second drive signal for expanding said at least one piezoelectric vibration element at a predetermined velocity, so that within each segment an ink droplet is jetted out in response to the displacement of said at least one piezoelectric vibration element; a time constant adjusting means for adjusting a time constant of at least one of said first drive signal outputting means and said second drive signal outputting means, and/or a time adjusting means for adjusting a time between said first drive signal and said second drive signal, such that an ink droplet last jetted out has a velocity as to allow the ink droplet to be combined with an ink droplet previously jetted out by the pulse signal during their flight. The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of an ink jet recording head according to the present invention; Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 2 for a single drive cycle ((a) to (e)); Fig. 4 illustrates the velocities at which a plurality of ink droplets are combined together in the air with a first ink droplet as a reference; Fig. 5 illustrates how ink droplets are combined in the embodiment of Fig. 2 and how their velocities change ((a) to (d)); Fig. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram respectively showing the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 6 ((a) to (e)); Fig. 8 is a diagram showing how the meniscus of each ink droplet behaves in the embodiment of Fig. 6; Fig. 9 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention in the form of how the meniscus of each ink droplet behaves; Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the operation of another embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 11 is a diagram showing hold time in function of ink droplet velocity; and Fig. 12 is a diagram showing hold time in function of successively jet out ink droplet velocity. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ink jet recording head to be used in the invention. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a nozzle plate having a nozzle opening 2 formed therein; 3, a flow path forming plate having a through hole for defining a pressure producing chamber 9, a through hole or groove for defining two ink supply ports 10 that communicate with both sides of the pressure producing chamber 9, and through holes for defining common ink cambers 11, 11 communicating with these ink supply ports 10, 10; and 4, a vibration plate that resiliently deforms while abutted against an end of a piezoelectric vibration element 6. The nozzle plate 1 and the vibration plate 4 are fixed to both surfaces of the flow path forming plate 3 so as to be impermeable to liquid to thereby form a substrate unit 5. Reference numeral 7 denotes a base, which has an accommodating chamber 8 for accommodating the piezoelectric vibration element 6. The piezoelectric vibration element 6 is fixed through a fixing board 13 so that an island portion 4a of the vibration plate 4 can be abutted against an end of the piezoelectric vibration element 6 that is exposed to an opening 12. The piezoelectric vibration clement 6 operates in a vertical vibration mode, in which displacement takes place in the axial direction of the piezoelectric vibration element. Since the area at the end of the piezoelectric vibration element 6 is extremely small, the capacity of the pressure producing chamber 9 can be designed to be extremely small. As a result, the Helmholtz cycle Tc of the pressure producing chamber 9 can be made smaller than the natural vibration cycle of the piezoelectric vibration element 6. This means that ink in the pressure producing chamber 9 can flow smoothly even if the piezoelectric vibration element 6 is driven at a cycle close to the natural vibration cycle Ta of the piezoelectric vibration element 6. The piezoelectric element is driven at a cycle close to the natural vibration cycle Ta in order to minimize the residual vibration caused after termination of the contraction or expansion of the piezoelectric vibration element 6. Further, since the flow path impedance Zn of the nozzle opening 2 is set to a value about 1.5 to 3 times larger than the flow path impedance Zr of the ink supply port 10, the movement of the meniscus after the ink has been jet out can be damped rapidly. The rapid damping allows the ink droplet Jetting cycle to be set to a value extremely small compared with the cycle of a print signal applied from a host. Fig. 2 is an embodiment of a drive circuit that drives the ink jet recording head. In Fig. 2, reference numeral IN1 denotes an input terminal for an auxiliary print signal (Fig. 3 (a)) for contracting the piezoelectric vibration element 6; and IN2 denotes an input terminal for a print signal (Fig. 3 (c)) for expanding the contracted piezoelectric vibration element 6. A charge pulse generating circuit 20 is connected to the input terminal IN1. The charge pulse generating circuit 20 divides a single drive cycle into a plurality of segments. The charge pulse generating circuit 20 generates three charge pulses I, II, III, each pulse having a cycle T1, as shown in Fig. 3 (b) in this embodiment. A first constant current circuit 21 is connected to the output terminal of the charge pulse generating circuit 20 through a level shifting transistor Q1. The cycle T1 of each of the charge pulses I, II, III and discharge pulses I', II', III' is quite larger than the Helmholtz cycle Tc, and is selected to have a predetermined value. The cycle T1 is set so that the charge pulse generating circuit 20 starts a charge operation and a discharge operation when the pressure producing chamber 9 becomes stable after the ink droplet has been jet out. The first constant current circuit 21 includes transistors Q2, Q3 and a resistor R1, and is designed to increase the terminal voltage across a capacitor C at a time constant τc by charging the capacitor C at a constant current. In Fig. 2, reference numeral 22 denotes a discharge pulse generating circuit which generates pulse signals of a predetermined cycle by dividing the drive cycle into "n" segments (where "n" is an integer that is 2 or greater), or three pulse signals in this embodiment. The pulse signals are produced within the drive cycle in synchronism with the rise of a print signal. In addition, the discharge pulse generating circuit generates a pulse having a time width that can completely discharge the capacitor C at a maximum time constant τd1 of a time constant adjusting circuit 24, which is described below. Reference numeral 23 denotes a second constant current circuit connected to the discharge pulse generating circuit 22. The second constant current circuit 23 includes transistors Q4, Q5 and the time constant adjusting circuit 24 having an adjustable resistor. The second constant current circuit 23 discharges the electric charges stored in the capacitor C by time constants τd1, τd2, τd3 determined by the time constant adjusting circuit 24. The time constant adjusting circuit 24 cyclically changes the resistance in response to the value of an input pulse every time the discharge pulse I', II', or III' is input. That is, in this embodiment, the time constant τd1 is set in response to the first discharge pulse I', the time constant τd2 is set in response to the second discharge pulse II', and the time constant τd3 is set in response to the third discharge pulse III'. The time constant adjusting circuit 24 resets the set time constant upon fall of the print signal (c) shown in Fig. 3, and is designed to repeat the time constant changing operation in the Same way. A terminal of the capacitor C is connected to an output terminal OUT through a current amplifying circuit in which transistors Q6, Q7 and transistors Q8, Q9 are Darlington-connected. All the piezoelectric vibration elements 6, 6, 6 ·· ·· are connected to the output terminal OUT through transistors S, S, S ·· ·· that are turned on by signals from a selected signal generating circuit 25. The signals of the selected signal generating circuit 25 are obtained by dividing the print signal into a plurality of segments in synchronism with the charge pulses. The operation of the thus constructed drive circuit will be described in more detail with reference to a waveform diagram shown in Fig. 3. Upon application of the auxiliary print signal (a) shown in Fig. 3 to the terminal IN1, the first charge pulse I of the predetermined cycle T1 is output in synchronism with the rising edge of the auxiliary print signal. The first charge pulse I turns on the transistor Q1, which then turns on the transistor Q2 constituting the first constant current circuit 21, so that a constant current flows through the resistor R1 into the capacitor C connected to the transistor Q2. The terminal voltage across the capacitor C is amplified by the transistors Q6, Q7 and thereafter applied to the respective piezoelectric vibration elements 6 from the output terminal OUT, so that only predetermined piezoelectric vibration elements 6, 6, 6 ·· ·· are charged at the time constant τc through the transistors S, S, S ·· ·· selectively turned on by the signals from the selected signal generating circuit 25. Since the piezoelectric vibration element 6 contracts at the rising time constant τc, the pressure producing chamber 9 expands to allow a predetermined quantity of ink to flow into the pressure producing chamber 9 from the common ink chambers 11. When a time defined by the pulse width of the charge pulse I has elapsed, the transistor Q1 turns off, which in turn stops the charging of the capacitor C. After a hold time has elapsed, a print signal (c) shown in Fig. 3 is fed to the print signal input terminal IN2. As a result, the first discharge pulse I' with respect to this print signal is generated from the discharge pulse generating circuit 22 and, at the see time, the time constant of the second constant current circuit 23 is set to a value τd1 by the time constant adjusting circuit 24. The transistor Q4 constituting the second constant current circuit 23 turns on, so that the electric charges stored in the capacitor C are discharged at the time constant τd1. As a result, the terminal voltage across the capacitor C drops linearly at the falling time constant τd1. This falling voltage is applied to the output terminal OUT. through the transistors Q8, Q9 to be applied to the respective piezoelectric vibration elements 6. However, since only the piezoelectric vibration elements 6 with which to form dots are charged, it is only these piezoelectric vibration elements that are discharged at the falling time constant τd1 through diodes D, D, D ·· ··. These piezoelectric vibration elements expand at a velocity defined by the time constant τd1. The pressure producing chambers 9 expand at a velocity defined by the time constant τd1 as a result of the expansion of the piezoelectric vibration elements 6. The pressure producing chambers jet out ink droplets having a velocity V1 out of the corresponding nozzle openings 2 while applying pressure to the ink in the pressure producing chambers 9. When the second charge pulse II is generated in synchronism with the print auxiliary signal (a), the aforementioned process is repeated to selectively charge the piezoelectric vibration elements with which to form dots and to supply the ink to the corresponding pressure producing chambers 9 from the common ink chambers 11. Since the second charge pulse II is set to the Came time constant τc, the ink is supplied to the pressure producing chambers 9 in a manner similar to the case of the first charge pulse. Upon the end of charging by the second charge pulse II, the second discharge pulse II' is generated in synchronism with the previously received print signal (c) and, at the same time, the discharge time constant of the second constant current circuit 23 is changed to a value τd2 by the time constant adjusting circuit 24. The second discharge pulse II' turns on the transistor Q4 constituting the second constant current circuit 23, discharging the electric charges stored in the capacitor C at the discharge time constant τd2, which is smaller than the first discharge time constant. As a result, the piezoelectric vibration elements expand at the time constant τd2. The corresponding pressure producing chambers 9 contract at a velocity defined by the time constant τd2 and jet ink droplets at a velocity V2 that is faster than the velocity V1 of the ink droplets last jet out. After the second ink droplets are jet out in this way, the third charge pulse III is applied in synchronism with the auxiliary print signal (a), in a manner similar to the aforementioned case, to expand the pressure producing chambers 9 and to cause the pressure producing chambers 9 to suck in ink. At the end of charging by the third discharge pulse III, the third discharge pulse III' is generated in synchronism with the previously received print signal (c) and, at the same time, the discharge time constant of the second constant current circuit 23 is changed to a value τd3 by the time constant adjusting circuit 24. The third discharge pulse III' drops the terminal voltage across the capacitor at the time constant τd3 linearly, and the piezoelectric vibration elements 6 expand at a velocity determined by the time constant τd3. As a result of the expansion of the piezoelectric vibration elements 6, ink droplets are jet out at a velocity V3, which is more or less the same as the velocity V2 of the ink droplets last jet out from the corresponding nozzle openings 2. The discharge time constants τd1, τd2, τd3 are sequentially decreased, and these values are set so that an ink droplet produced by the second discharge pulse II catches up with an ink droplet produced by the first discharge pulse I before the ink droplet produced by the first discharge pulse I reaches the recording sheet. As a result, the ink droplets produced by both the first and the second discharge pulses combine together during flight. When the two ink droplets combine together, the velocity of the combined ink droplet becomes equal to an average of the velocities of the two ink droplets, the average being smaller than the velocity of the second ink droplet. Therefore, if the velocity V3 of an ink droplet produced by the third discharge pulse III is set to a value larger than the velocity of the second ink droplet, the three ink droplets combine together into a single ink droplet in the air and is deposited on the recording sheet as a single ink droplet. As a result, a dot formed by the thus combined ink droplet has a quantity of ink substantially three times that of a dot formed by a single ink droplet. Hence, even if the recording sheet has a large ink absorbing rate, a dot of a desired size can be formed. If the size of a dot in the carriage travel direction as well as in the sheet forward direction is adjusted optimally in accordance with the quality of paper, white stripes can be prevented by eliminating spaces between dots, irrespective of the minimum travel distances of the carriage drive mechanism and sheet forward mechanism. Upon input of a next print signal, the time constant adjusting circuit 24 is reset so that the discharge time constant is set to τd1 again. While three ink droplets are Produced with respect to a single auxiliary print signal and a single print signal in this embodiment, the number of ink droplets with respect to a single auxiliary print signal and a single print signal can be selected as one, two or more depending on the quality of recording paper or on the density of dots to be formed. As a result, not only printing can be performed in accordance with the quality of paper, but also the density of dots can be varied for the same quality of paper. Fig. 4 shows such a velocity as to allow three ink droplets to be combined on the recording sheet surface simultaneously during the flight of the three ink droplets. The velocity V1 of the first ink droplet is used as a reference when it is assumed that & distance from the nozzle surface of the recording head to the recording sheet, or the so-called platen gap, is set to 1.0 mm. Generally, in ink jet recording heads using piezoelectric vibration elements of the vertical vibration mode, sufficiently high quality printing can be performed as long as the velocity of ink droplets ranges from about 6 to 10 m/s. Therefore, if the velocity V1 of the first ink droplet is set to about 6 to 10 m/s, the second ink droplet and the third ink droplet are caused to fly at such velocities V2 and V3 as to allow the latter ink droplets to be combined with the first ink droplet without difficulty. When the velocities of the second and third ink droplets are faster than the velocity of the first ink droplet, even if the velocity of the first ink droplet is low, the velocity of an ink droplet at the time of reaching the recording sheet is increased by receiving momenta of the second and third ink droplets, as shown in Fig. 5. That is, let it be assumed that, e.g., a plurality "n" (n = 3) of ink droplets are jet out at velocities that are related so that V1 < V2 = V3 . Then, even if V1 is 20 m/s or less, the velocity of the first ink droplet is increased when combined with the second and third ink droplets as long as the velocity of the second ink droplet is 20 m/s or more. If the third ink droplet is jet out at the same velocity as the second ink droplet, i.e., V2 = V3 , then an ink droplet formed by combining the first and second ink droplets combine with the third ink droplet in the air since the ink droplet formed by combining the first and second ink droplets flies slower than the third ink droplet. Therefore, the third ink droplet catches up with the ink droplet formed by combining the first and second ink droplets. It can be said from this fact that as long as the velocities of the second and third ink droplets are 20 m/s or more (e.g., 24 m/s or so although this velocity varies depending on the ink droplet jetting interval), a velocity Vf of a combined ink droplet at the time of reaching the recording sheet can be set to 20 m/s. When the velocity of the combined ink droplet at the time of deposit on the recording sheet is thus increased, the combined ink droplet expands in all directions in accordance with the momentum thereof at the time the combined ink droplet has reached the surface of the recording sheet. As a result, a large-sized dot can be formed with a small quantity of ink. In printing using many colors, print quality can be improved by preventing mixture of colors between dots by quickening the drying of the ink while increasing the surface area of each dot formed by an ink droplet. While the ink droplet jetting velocity is adjusted by changing only the discharge time constant while maintaining the ink droplet jetting operation drive cycle constant in the aforementioned embodiment, the ink droplet velocity can be changed by adjusting the quantity of ink forming an ink droplet to be jet out, even if the piezoelectric vibration element 6 expanding and contracting velocity at the time of jetting out the ink droplet is maintained constant. Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in the case where the velocity of the ink droplet is changed by adjusting the quantity of ink as described above. In Fig. 6, reference numeral 30 denotes a time constant adjusting circuit arranged in a first constant current circuit 31. The time constant adjusting circuit 30 adjusts the time constants of the first constant current circuit 31 to sequentially smaller values τc1, τc2, τc3 by sequentially changing resistances with charge pulses (Fig. 7 (b)) from the charge pulse generating circuit 20. In addition, the time constant adjusting circuit 30 resets the thus adjusted time constants with the next auxiliary print signal. Reference numeral 32 in Fig. 6 denotes the second constant current circuit, which discharges the electric charges stored in a capacitor C at a predetermined discharge time constant τd defined by the resistance of a resistor R2 and the capacitance of the capacitor C. The operation of the thus constructed apparatus will be described with reference to Fig. 7. Upon input of an auxiliary print signal (a) shown in Fig. 7 to the terminal IN1, the first charge pulse I is output at a predetermined cycle T1 in synchronism with the rising edge of the auxiliary print signal (a). As a result, the charge time constant τc1 is set to the first constant current circuit 31, which turns on the transistor Q1 at the same time. The capacitor C is then charged by the first constant current circuit 20 at the time constant τc1. Since this causes the piezoelectric vibration element 6 to contract at the large time constant τc1, the corresponding pressure producing chamber 9 expands slowly and the ink is therefore allowed into the pressure producing chamber 9 from the common ink chambers 11 while controlling the size of the meniscus to be as small as possible (the sucking of the meniscus indicated in column I in Fig. 8). Upon elapse of a time defined by the pulse width of the charge pulse I, the transistor Q1 turns off, which in turn stops the charging of the capacitor C. After a predetermined time, a print signal (Fig. 7 (c)) is applied to the print signal input terminal IN2. As a result, the first discharge pulse I' is output from the discharge pulse generating circuit 32, which turns on the transistor Q4 of the second constant current circuit 32. The electric charges stored in the capacitor C are thereafter discharged at the predetermined time constant τd defined by the resistor R2. As a result, the terminal voltage across the capacitor C drops linearly at the time constant τd. At this time, the piezoelectric vibration element 6 expands at a velocity defined by the time constant τd of the discharge current to cause the corresponding pressure producing chamber 9 to contract and to allow the corresponding nozzle opening 2 to jet out an ink droplet having a velocity of V1. In this case, the meniscus sucking force is small because the time constant τc1 is large, which in turn causes the meniscus to return quickly to the edge of the nozzle opening (the return of the meniscus indicated in column I in Fig. 8). Thus, a large quantity m1 of ink is jet out (the jetting out of the ink droplet indicated in column I in Fig. 8), and the velocity V1 of the ink droplet is low. When the second charge pulse II is generated in synchronism with the auxiliary print signal (a), the time constant of the time constant adjusting circuit 30 is changed to a value τc2 that is smaller than the last time constant τc1. The last process is repeated to selectively charge only the piezoelectric vibration elements 6 with which to form dots. In the current case, the pressure producing chamber 9 expands slightly rapidly by the time constant τc2, and this increases the meniscus sucking force compared with the meniscus sucking force in the last case (the sucking of the meniscus indicated in column II in Fig. 8). At the end of charging by the second charge pulse II, the second discharge pulse II' is applied, so that the piezoelectric vibration element 6 expands at the predetermined velocity defined by the time constant τd to cause the corresponding pressure producing chamber 9 to contract. Although the meniscus sucking force is slightly larger in the current case than in the last case, the second discharge pulse II' is applied immediately. Therefore, a return of the meniscus becomes slightly small (the return of the meniscus indicated in column II in Fig. 8), decreasing a quantity m2 of ink in an ink droplet compared with the quantity m1 in the last case. However, the ink droplet is jet out at a velocity V2 that is faster than the velocity V1 in the last case (the jetting of the ink droplet indicated in column II in Fig. 8). After the second ink droplet is jet out, the time constant adjusting circuit 30 changes the third time constant τc3 in response to the third charge pulse III generated in synchronism with the auxiliary print signal (a) in a manner similar to the last case. Simultaneously therewith, the pressure producing chamber 9 is expanded by the time constant τc3 to cause the pressure producing chamber 9 to suck the ink. Since the time constant τc3 is larger than the time constant τc2 in the last case, the meniscus sucking force is increased (the sucking of the meniscus indicated in column III in Fig. 8). At the end of charging by the third charge pulse III, the third discharge pulse III' is output in synchronism with the previously received print signal (c), causing an ink droplet to be jet out of the corresponding nozzle opening 2. In this case, a return of the meniscus is reduced by an amount comparable to the increase in sucking force (the return of the meniscus indicated in column III in Fig. 8). The quantity m3 of ink in an ink droplet to be jet out is reduced, and the ink droplet flies at a velocity V3 that is faster than the velocity V2 of the last ink droplet (the jetting of the ink droplet indicated in column III in Fig. 8). Therefore, the second and third ink droplets catch up with the first ink droplet successively before the first ink droplet reaches the recording sheet. Thin allows the three ink droplets to be combined together in the air and to deposit on the recording sheet. The above embodiment is suitably applied to the adjustment of tones during the printing operations performed at the same resolution with the hold time T2 (a period from timing a to timing b in Fig. 8) of the maximum voltage at the charging end maintained constant. If the resolution itself is to be changed, a time T3 from the start of charge timing to the ink droplet jet start timing (timing b in Fig. 9) may be maintained constant to make the quantities of successive ink droplets substantially equal to one another (to the extent possible), and the velocity of each successive ink droplet may be increased. Since the time constants τc1, τc2, τc3 for the first, second, third rounds of expansion of the pressure producing chamber 9 are sequentially decreased, the meniscus sucking forces increase as indicated by the sucking of the meniscus indicated in columns (I), (II), and (III) in Fig. 9. On the other hand, since the period from the pressure producing chamber expansion start timing to the ink jetting operation timing (timing b) is fixed to T3, the meniscus returns to substantially the same position as shown by the return of the meniscus in columns I, II, and III in Fig. 9. However, since the meniscus returning velocities Vm1, Vm2, Vm3 are sequentially increased, the momentum toward the nozzle opening of an ink droplet in the vicinity of the nozzle opening is increased. As a result, even if the pressure producing chamber 9 is contracted at the same time constant τd, not only the quantities m1, m2, m3 of the ink droplets are sequentially increased, but also the velocities V1, V2, V3 thereof are sequentially increased. Therefore, larger ink droplets can be jet out at higher velocities and combined in the air before being deposited on the recording sheet. Thus, printing at largely different resolutions can be performed by a single recording apparatus. More specifically, printing at a resolution of 1440 dpi can be performed if a single ink droplet is used to form a single dot; printing at a resolution of 720 dpi can be performed if two ink droplets are used to form a single dot by causing the two ink droplets to be combined in the air; and printing at a resolution of 360 dpi can be performed if three ink droplets are used to form a single dot by causing the three ink droplets to be combined in the air. The velocity of an ink droplet is adjusted by changing the discharge time constant or the charge time constant in the aforementioned embodiment. If both the discharge time constant and the charge time constant are adjusted in such a manner that the velocity of an ink droplet jet out thereafter becomes faster, the size of the ink droplets can be adjusted freely. According to the present invention, a wide variety of types of recording sheets and dot sizes can be accommodated. Further, an ink droplet that is jet out next has a faster velocity in the aforementioned embodiment. However, as shown in Fig. 5, if the law of conservation of momentum is utilized positively, "n" ink droplets can be combined in the air. That is, if only the first ink droplet is jet out slowly and the succeeding second and third ink droplets are jet out faster than the first ink droplet in such a manner that ink droplets jet out second and thereafter are jet out at the same velocity, i.e., the second ink droplet and "n"th ink droplet are jet out at the same velocity that is faster than that of the first ink droplet (Fig. 5 (a)), these "n" ink droplets can be combined together in the air. In other words, when the second ink droplet is combined with the first ink droplet, the velocity V1' of a combined ink droplet is faster than the velocity V1 of the first ink droplet, but is slower than the velocity V2 of the second ink droplet (Fig. 5 (b)). When the third ink droplet is jet out at the same velocity as the second ink droplet, i.e., V3 = V2 , then the third ink droplet catches up with the flying ink droplet formed by combining the first and second ink droplets (Fig. 5 (c)). Finally, an ink droplet having a quantity m1+m2+m3 of ink and having a velocity of Vf deposits on the recording sheet (Fig. 5 (d)). Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention in the form of waveforms. This embodiment is characterized as using a plurality of waveforms in which both a charge time constant τc4 for contracting the piezoelectric vibration elements to expand the corresponding pressure producing chambers, and a discharge time constant τd4 for expanding the piezoelectric vibration elements to contract the corresponding pressure producing chambers, are maintained constant and in which hold times T5, T6 are set to be different. That is, in this embodiment, first, second and third drive waveforms I, II, III are applied at a predetermined cycle T1. Specific values of these waveforms I, II, III are as follows. The charge time constant τc4 is set to 8 µs; the discharge time constant τd4 is set to 8 µs; the hold time T5 of the first drive waveform I is set to 12 µs; and the hold time T6 of each of the second and third drive waveforms II, III is set to 8 µs. As shown in Fig. 11, the velocity of an ink droplet jet out by the first drive waveform is equal to 6.5 m/s ((1) in Fig. 12) and the velocities of ink droplets jet out by the second and third drive waveforms are substantially equal to 13 m/s ((2) and (3) in Fig. 12), which are minimum velocities for keeping satisfactory print quality. The ink droplets produced by the first and second drive waveforms I, II are combined together in the air. The combined ink droplet flies at a velocity, i.e., about 9 m/s, which is an average of the first and second ink droplet velocities and which is lower than the velocity of the second ink droplet. Therefore, the ink droplet produced by the third drive waveform III, which is the same waveform as the second drive waveform II, is combined with the combined ink droplet formed of the first and second ink droplets during their flight to reach the recording medium with the three ink droplets combined together. According to this embodiment, not only the charge time constant τc4 and the discharge time constant τd4, which are both relatively hard to design and adjust in terms of forming a circuit configuration, are maintained constant, but the cycle of each drive waveform is also maintained constant. Therefore, the designing of the drive circuit can be simplified. Moreover, while the recording head using piezoelectric vibration elements of the vertical vibration mode have been exemplified in the aforementioned embodiment, it is apparent that similar advantages can be obtained by applying the invention to recording heads using piezoelectric vibration elements of the flexible vibration mode in which high-speed drive is implemented with thin film designs. As described in the foregoing, the invention is characterized as including: a recording head having a piezoelectric vibration element whose natural vibration cycle is Ta and a pressure producing chamber whose Helmholtz cycle is Tc, the pressure producing chamber being expanded or contracted by displacement of the piezoelectric vibration element to thereby suck in ink from a common ink chamber and to jet out an ink droplet from a nozzle opening; a first drive signal outputting moans for outputting a first signal for contracting the piezoelectric vibration element at a predetermined velocity; a second drive signal outputting means for outputting a second signal for expanding the piezoelectric vibration element at a predetermined velocity; a pulse signal generating means for dividing a single recording head drive period into "n" segments (where "n" is an integer that is 2 or greater) and outputting a pulse signal whose cycle Tp is larger than the Helmholtz cycle Tc in synchronism with a dot forming signal from outside; and a circuit constant adjusting means for adjusting a time constant of at least one of the first and second drive signal outputting means in such a manner that an ink droplet last jet out has such a velocity as to allow the ink droplet to be combined with an ink droplet previously jet out by the pulse signal during their flight. Therefore, the recording head is driven regularly for a plurality of times at a predetermined cycle with respect to a single print signal by generating a plurality of pulse signals, each pulse signal having the same cycle Tp that is larger than the Helmholtz cycle Tc, within a single drive period. As a result of this operation, areal gradation can be implemented by allowing a plurality of ink droplets to be combined in the air without requiring that the cycle at which to jet out each ink droplet to be changed.

Claims: An ink jet recording apparatus comprising: a recording head having at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6) and a pressure producing chamber (9) having a Helmholts cycle Tc, said pressure producing chamber (9) being expanded or contracted by displacement of said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6); a pulse signal generating means (20, 22) for dividing a single recording head drive period into n segments T1, n being an integer having a value of at least two, and for outputting, respectively in synchronism with signals ((a),(c)) supplied from an external source, first (I, II, III) and second (I', II', III') pulse signals having a pulse cycle T1; a first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (21; 31) for outputting, in response to the pulse of the first pulse signal within each segment, a first-part-of-the-drive-signal for contracting said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6) at a predetermined velocity; a second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32) for outputting, in response to the pulse of the second pulse signal within each segment, a second-part-of-the-drive-signal for expanding said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6) at a predetermined velocity, so that within each segment an ink droplet is jetted out in response to the displacement of said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6); a time constant adjusting means (24; 30) for adjusting a time constant of at least one of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (21; 31) and said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32), and/or a time adjusting means for adjusting a time between said first-part-of-the-drive-signal and said second-part-of-the-drive-signal, such that an ink droplet last jetted out has a velocity which allows the ink droplet to be combined with the ink droplet jetted out by a previous drive signal during their flight. The ink jet recording apparatus according claim 1, wherein said recording head further comprises an ink chamber (11) for storing a reservoir of ink; and a nozzle plate (1) disposed opposite to said pressure producing chamber (9) and having at least one nozzle opening (2) corresponding to said pressure producing chamber (9); wherein ink is supplied to said pressure producing chamber (9) and jetted out from said at least one nozzle opening (2) in response to displacement of said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6). The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (21; 31) in such a manner that respective velocities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially increased. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (21; 31) in such a manner that respective quantities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially decreased. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (21; 31) in such a manner that a velocity of a first ink droplet is less than respective velocities of ink droplets subsequently jetted out from said nozzle opening (2). The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said respective velocities of said ink droplets subsequently jetted out are equal. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (21; 31) in such a manner that quantities of ink in ink droplets jetted out from said nozzle opening (2) subsequent to a first ink droplet are respectively less than the quantity of ink in said first ink droplet. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said first drive signal outputting means (21; 31) comprises a charging circuit. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said charging circuit comprises a capacitor and a resistor. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32) comprises a discharging circuit. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said discharging circuit comprises a capacitor and a resistor. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said pulse cycle T1 is larger than said Helmholtz cycle Tc. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32) in such a manner that respective velocities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially increased. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32) in such a manner that respective quantities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially increased. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32) in such a manner that a velocity of a first ink droplet is less than respective velocities of ink droplets subsequently jetted out from said recording head. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said respective velocities of said ink droplets subsequently jetted out are equal. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said time constant adjusting means (24; 30) is configured to adjust the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means (23; 32) in such a manner that quantities of ink in ink droplets jetted out from said recording head subsequent to a first ink droplet are respectively less than the quantity of ink in said first ink droplet. The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an amplifying circuit, coupled to said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6), which amplifies said first-part-of-the-drive-signal and said second-part-of-the-drive-signal supplied to said at least one piezoelectric vibration element (6). The ink jet recording apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a selecting means for selecting appropriate ones of piezoelectric vibration elements (6) required for printing when said recording head comprises a plurality of piezoelectric vibration elements (6). A method for performing ink jet printing with an ink jet recording apparatus comprising a recording head having at least one piezoelectric vibration element having a natural vibration cycle Ta, a pressure producing chamber corresponding to said at least one piezoelectric vibration element and having a Helmholts cycle Tc, an ink chamber for storing a reservoir of ink, and a nozzle plate, disposed opposite to said pressure producing chamber, and having at least one nozzle opening corresponding to said pressure producing chamber, said method comprising the steps of: dividing a single recording head drive cycle into n segments T1, n being an integer having a value of at least two; outputting, respectively in sychronism with signals ((a),(c)) supplied from an external source, first (I, II, III)and second (I', II', III') pulse signals having a pulse cycle T1; outputting, in response to the pulse of the first pulse signal within each segment, a first-part-of-the-drive-signal for contracting said at least one piezoelectric vibration element at a predetermined velocity; outputting, in response to the pulse of the second pulse signal within each segment, a second-part-of-the-drive-signal for expanding said at least one piezoelectric vibration element at a predetermined velocity, so that within each segment an ink droplet is jetted out in response to the displacement of said at least one piezoelectric vibration element; and adjusting a time constant of at least one of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal and said second-part-of-the-drive-signal, and/or adjusting a time between said first-part-of-the-drive-signal and said second-part-of-the-drive-signal, such that an ink droplet last jetted out has a velocity which allows the ink droplet to be combined with the ink droplet jetted out by a previous drive signal during their flight. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the step of setting said pulse cycle T1 to a value larger than said Helmholtz cycle Tc. The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner that respective velocities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially increased. The method according to one of claims 20 to 22, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner that respective quantities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially decreased. The method according to one of claims 20 to 23, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner that a velocity of a first ink droplet is less than respective velocities of ink droplets subsequently jetted out from said nozzle opening. The method according to claim 24, further comprising the step of setting said respective velocities of ink droplets subsequently jetted out to be equal. The method according to one of claims 20 to 25, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said first-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner such that quantities of ink in ink droplets jetted out from said recording head subsequent to a first ink droplet are respectively less than the quantity of ink in said first ink droplet. The method according to claim 20 or 26, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner that respective velocities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially increased. The method according to one of claims 20 to 27, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner that respective quantities of ink droplets jetted out in response to said drive signal are sequentially increased. The method according to one of claims 20 to 28, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner that a velocity of a first ink droplet is less than respective velocities of ink droplets subsequently jetted out from said recording head. The method according to one of claims 20 to 29, wherein said adjusting step comprises the step of adjusting the time constant of said second-part-of-the-drive-signal outputting means in a manner such that quantities of ink in ink droplets jetted out from said recording head subsequent to a first ink droplet are respectively less than the quantity of ink in said first ink droplet. The method according to one of claims 20 to 30, further comprising the step of amplifying said first-part-of-the-drive-signal and said second-part-of-the-drive-signal supplied to said at least one piezoelectric vibration element. The method according to one of claims 20 to 31, further comprising the step of selecting appropriate ones of piezoelectric vibration elements required for printing when said recording head comprises a plurality of piezoelectric vibration elements.

Inventors: HOSONO SATORU, SARUTA TOSHIHISA, HOSONO, SATORU, SARUTA, TOSHIHISA
Applicants: SEIKO EPSON CORP, SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2, H01L41