Substance delivery device

Abstract: This invention relates to a substance delivery device which incorporates a controlled delivery apparatus for said substance delivery device. In particular, it is envisaged that the substance delivery device will be most commonly used in situations where devices are required to be retained for periods of time and/or where the controlled delivery of substances is required. Such situations include, but are not limited to, insertion of the device into a passage or body cavity of an animal where control of parasites, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and so forth is desired, and where this control is effected through controlled and/or hormonal intervention. The device includes a piezoelectrically or mechanically driven perestaltic pump and controlable valves as metering valves which consist of a magnetised movable armature and a fixed armature. The valve driving force is based on the reversed magnetic polarity principle.

Description: This invention relates to a substance delivery device which incorporates a controlled delivery apparatus and retention apparatus for said substance delivery device. Reference throughout this specification shall be made to the substance delivery device as being for the introduction of substances within a body cavity, for example such as intravaginal, intraruminal devices and the like for domestic animals, such as cows. It should be appreciated however, that the principles of the present invention can apply to far wider applications than this and can be used with respect to delivery devices where some control is required. In particular, it is envisaged that the retention apparatus will enable the substance delivery device to be most commonly used in situations where said device, capable of insertion into a passage or body cavity of an animal, is required to be retained in said passage or body cavity. Such passages or body cavities are generally associated with the reproductive or digestive systems of an animal, and include the vagina, uterus, stomach, rumen, and so forth. Such devices are inserted into an animal's body cavity where control of parasites, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and so forth are desired, and where this control is effected through chemical and/or hormonal intervention. However, the present invention could have applications outside this field. Accordingly, these delivery devices may not necessarily be within the body of animals or humans, but may interact with other environments such as horticultural, industrial, domestic and so forth. Commonly, substance delivery devices inserted into a living animal for dispensing substances to the animal also employ retention apparatus. Accordingly, a range of retention apparata exist for retaining the substance delivery device within a passage or body cavity of an animal. Some systems commonly used for retaining delivery devices capable of being inserted into a body cavity of an animal, incorporate a compressible helical coil, such as in Patent Nos. 228382 and 190350. The compressible coil is frequently capable of returning to the required shape after the device has been inserted into the animal's body cavity. However, such coils rely on the overall bulk of the coil to retain the coil within the body cavity of an animal. Accordingly, the bulkiness of the coil may impede the flow of body secretions which may not be desirable. An unimpeded flow of body secretions is necessary for the normal biological functioning of the animal. Such body secretions include mucus, where such a device is used intravaginally. In addition, the coil is typically capable of expanding and pressing against a considerable area of the wall of a body cavity of an animal, to the extent that it may be too bulky to pass back through passages leading into or out of the body cavity. Accordingly, when the functional utility of the device has been exhausted, removal of the device may be difficult. Other systems commonly employed for retaining devices within the body cavity of an animal have incorporated a number of lobes, similar to those of Patent No. 193976 and Patent No. 200564. These lobes are often flexible enough to fold over onto each other for insertion into a body cavity of an animal and then spring open after the device is inside the animal. Frequently, the lobes perform a dual purpose of retaining the device within an animal's body cavity and of releasing an active ingredient, often impregnated into the lobe or in the coating around the lobe, into the animal's body cavity. Accordingly, the lobes may have a substantial, even rippled, surface area to ensure that sufficient active ingredient is available to perform the required function. In addition, the lobes are often specifically designed to provide a large surface area to enable the animal's body fluids to act on those surfaces to leach out active ingredients contained within the lobes. However, the surface area of these devices is again capable of impeding the flow of body secretions. In addition, the natural elasticity of the lobes enables the lobes to be folded over onto each other to enable the device to be inserted into and removed from the animal's body cavity. However, an operator may be required to manually hold the lobes in the folded orientation, during insertion of the device into the animal's body cavity. Further systems incorporate hinged legs or branched members, as in Patent Nos. 215635 and 230023, which may extend from one or both ends of the body of a device inserted into the body cavity of an animal. Again, these legs or members, as well as the body of the device, are typically impregnated with active ingredients required to be dispensed into the animal. Accordingly, it is desirable that the legs or members add to the overall surface area of the device to enable the active ingredients to be more efficiently leached from the device and into the animal. Again, the common problem associated with such devices and retention systems for these devices, is that initially the increased surface area may impede the flow of the animal's internal body secretions. Particularly, the flow of mucus in the vagina of the animal. However, with time, erosion of the polymer layers which contain the active ingredients, effectively reduces the surface area, overall size, and overall weight of the device. A problem is therefore that as the device gets smaller and lighter it does not have the same retentive ability. In addition, such systems typically require an applicator, such as those described in Patent Nos. 215483 and 207341. These applicators hold the legs or members into a required position to enable the device and the retention apparatus to be inserted into the animal's body cavity. Often the applicators are complex or bulky structures, and are separate from the devices which they are capable of inserting. Inclusion of an applicator with the device may increase the costs of manufacture, and require insertion of the device into the applicator thereby extending the time associated with inserting devices into the animals. Yet other systems may incorporate a number of distensible ribs, such as in Patent No. 173926. The ribs are capable of being distended into a possible retaining position by the action of a plunger system. When the plunger system is released the distensible ribs return to the undistended position for withdrawal. However, these devices are typically used for single applications of pharmaceutical formulations into the body cavity of an animal and are not intended to, nor are suitable for, retaining device over longer periods. The bulkiness of the plunger system, if left attached to the device could be a source of discomfort to the animal; the distensible ribs are typically unsuited to retaining a device in a larger body cavity; and the surface area of the ribs would impede the body's flow of secretions. Yet other retention devices may be of sufficient dimensions to be retained in the body cavity of an animal by relying on muscle tension around the retention device. Such devices are typically used as intra-vaginal contraceptive devices for animals, such as in Patent No. 173808. However, the dimensions of the retention device may prevent penile insertion during attempted intermission by the male animal, and/or impede flows of body secretions, particularly vaginal mucus. Accordingly, it would be desirable if the retention apparatus of a substance delivery device enabled the delivery device to be easily inserted and removed, yet was reliably retained for required periods, and did not impede flow of body secretions or adversely affect normal functioning by its mere physical presence. Similarly, a range of delivery apparata for delivering substances are well known, and have broad application. Many incorporate pumps and are used to dispense common substances such as petrol and air. Some delivery apparata are used inside a living animal to: dispense useful substances such as chemicals or drugs. For example, there are a number of delivery apparata known that introduce substances such as hormones intravaginally to cows. The purpose of such apparata is to promote with some accuracy the onset of oestrus. This enables the farmer to artificially inseminate the cows at a time when they are most fertile. For example, New Zealand Patent No. 228382 discloses such a delivery apparatus. The device disclosed consists of a helical coil made up of a number of segments. These segments contain useful substances which are either impregnated into or coated onto. The substance to be administered to the animal is gradually released from the segments of the apparatus over a period of time by the action of body fluids. Accordingly, such apparatus relies on the natural processes of diffusion, dissolution, or osmosis to dispense the substance. Various other delivery apparata as described in New Zealand Patent Nos. 207341, 200564 and 215635 all release drugs into the body cavity passively, as consequence of the action of body fluids. However, when controlling oestrus in animals for example, different hormones or concentrations need to be released into the animal's body at different times. To effect this, previous delivery apparata have had a number of layers, perhaps with different thicknesses, containing both passive and active substances. These enter the body by the diffusion, dissolution or osmosis, all these processes being dependent upon the body fluids surrounding the substance delivery device or delivery apparata within the device. For example, it may be desirable to introduce into the body for a period often days a certain hormone, then no hormone for another ten days and then introduce another hormone for another period of time. The delivery device could have layers of thicknesses proportional to the time it is estimated that these layers will take to dissolve into the body system. US-A-4,944,659, EP-A-0134614 and EP-A-0387439 disclose devices for supplying substances to animals. However, these relate to subcutaneous devices which are generally inappropriate for the uses to which the present invention is directed. Unfortunately, there are problems associated with these devices incorporating such delivery apparata. All of these devices are passive devices dependent upon the body fluids surrounding them for the introduction of the active substances into the body. However, the rate of introduction of these substances is dependent upon a number of factors such as the temperature, mucus concentration, salt concentration, kinetic action and so forth of the body fluids. These factors are variable from animal to animal which leads to variable timing and concentration of the substances being introduced into the body. Further, with the substances being exposed to the body's environment, it is possible for the layers to be chipped and a completely inappropriate substance introduced into the body at the wrong time. Hence, such systems tend to restrict themselves to delivery of a single active material or if more than one, the second material is introduced at the start. In addition, once these delivery devices are inserted into an animal, the delivery of substance into the animal cannot be controlled as it is totally dependent upon the environment that it is in. The ability to control the amount and timing of dispensation of a substance with any degree of accuracy is difficult, as there is a dependence upon the external environment to provide the conditions necessary for dispensation to occur, with the conditions determining the volume and rate of dispensation. Accordingly, delivery apparatus reliant on osmosis, diffusion, and dissolution all suffer from inaccuracy in dispensing and inherently have little timing precision. Alternately, conventional pumps are often large and complicated. They contain moving parts, complex valve systems, are usually difficult to operate with any degree of accuracy, and are often not suitable for insertion into an animal's body. Further, conventional pumps often require regular maintenance. It would therefore be desirable if there could be provided a delivery device which was small and simple, contained no complex parts, was maintenance free, and which could be used in animal's bodies or other such environments. It would also be desirable if there could be provided a device which included delivery apparatus capable of being accurately operated to deliver substances into an animal in precise concentrations and with precise timing, and where such a apparatus could operate independently of the environment, or the apparatus could release substances into the environment only when the environment was ideal. In addition, it would be desirable if there could be effected some control over the delivery apparatus after the device is placed in the animal, and/or if there was some way of determining what was happening within the animal with respect to the operation of the device and associated delivery apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to address the above problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice. Further objects and advantages of the present invention will now be discussed by way of example only. According to the present invention there is provided a substance delivery device as set out in Claim 1. Preferred features of this aspect of the invention are set out in Claims 2 to 18. The substance delivery device comprises a body configured to include a chamber adapted to receive delivery apparata, associated controlling apparata and the attachment and/or operational means of retention apparatus. The retention apparatus is configured to retain the substance delivery device in a passage or body cavity of an animal into which the substance delivery device is inserted. The substance delivery device provides a means of actively delivering any substance into the passage or body cavity via the operation of the delivery apparata and controlling apparata. Delivery of the substance is effected from conduits of the delivery apparata via active control of pressure devices and/or valve means of the delivery apparata. For ease of reference the substance delivery device capable of insertion into a body cavity or passage of an animal shall now be referred to simply as the "device", although it should be appreciated that this term is not intended to be seen as limiting. The term "substance" used in this specification shall mean any substance including liquid or gas. The term "pressure" used in this specification shall mean the application of force, and . the term "pressure device" shall include any mechanism used to apply force (such as a pump or spring and plunger system). The term "conduit" used in this specification shall mean any apparatus capable of conveying a substance and may in some instances be a reservoir. The term "valve" used in this specification shall mean any means, including automatic or other device, used to apply force to, or capable of conveying, a substance from the conduit to the outlet. In some embodiments the valve means may be different from and/or replace one or all of alternate pressure devices. The term "armature" used in this specification shall mean any apparatus of suitable material, capable of being treated, or capable of responding to a magnetic or other force field, and when placed in the vicinity of a magnet or other force, has its operational capability increased. The term "coil member" used in this specification shall mean any apparatus capable of responding to an energy supply, such that a magnetic field, or other force field is created in the vicinity of the coil member. In conventional substance delivery devices for use inside bodies or other such environments the substance is passively delivered by the natural process of osmosis, diffusion, or dissolution. The rate and volume of substance delivery are determined by the natural processes. Thus, the rate and volume of substance delivery cannot be controlled or varied by artificial means. It is believed that the pressure devices (and valve means) provide a means of actively delivering the substance. Active delivery of a substance provides a means of controlling the rate and volume of the substance delivered. The metering valve system also preferably includes a coil member which is capable of being activated. On activation of the coil member, a solenoidal effect is produced which causes the moving armature to be attached to and seal against the stationary armature. Deactivation of the coil member enables the moving armature to move away from the fixed armature. In preferred embodiments the structural configuration of the metering valve system creates a chamber within the conduit. Accordingly, movement of the moving armature towards and away from the fixed armature enables some of the substance which has passed into this chamber to move along the conduit to the outlet. The metering valve system also preferably incorporates tension apparatus, such as a spring, to ensure that the valve system is able to reliably seal, when required. While in one embodiment there may be one or two pressure devices, in another preferred embodiment there are three pressure devices. In the alternative preferred embodiment the three pressure devices are positioned sequentially along flexible conduit. The first pressure device may be located closest to the inlet. The second pressure device may be located between the first pressure device and the third pressure device. The third pressure device may be located closest to the outlet. When the first pressure device applies pressure to the conduit the substance is pushed along the flexible conduit by the application of pressure. The substance is moved as a consequence into the vicinity of the second pressure device. The pressure from the first pressure device remains applied. The second pressure device then applies pressure causing the substance to be moved further along the flexible conduit and into the vicinity of the third pressure device. The first pressure device may be released. The third pressure device may then apply pressure moving the substance towards the outlet. This sequence may be continued to move sufficient substance out of the delivery apparatus of the delivery device as required. Releasing one pressure device after the next pressure device in the sequence has been applied prevents flow back and ensures that the flow of the substance towards the outlet continues. The pressure devices which operate as described above are capable of controlling the flow of substance through the flexible conduit. Conventionally, conduits require valves to prevent back flow. The capability of the pressure devices to control the flow of substance removes any need for separate valves to prevent such back flow. In some embodiments of the present invention the conduit may be greater in length and there may be two or more sets of three pressure devices. In some embodiments the pressure device may be a piezo pump. Piezo pumps contain crystals which move upon the application of electrical current. These can be quite small devices which can be controlled to a high degree of accuracy. As the operation of the piezo pump is dependent on current only, few moving parts are required and the construction is simple. In preferred embodiments there are three piezo electric pumps, but there may be any number. For ease of reference the pressure devices shall now also be referred to as "pumps". However, it should be appreciated that use of this term is not intended to be limiting. Piezo pumps are small in the preferred embodiment, having a diameter of 6.4 millimetres at their widest point and a length of 12 millimetres. Thus, piezo pumps are well suited to delivery devices where space is limited, such as inside bodies. Piezo pumps are economical pressure devices which have a low power draw and therefore can be readily battery powered. In preferred embodiments of the present invention there are provided means of utilising energy sources in the surrounding environment. The energy sources may include kinetic, chemical, or thermal energy. It can be seen that the present invention has a number of advantages over the prior art. The pressure devices can be small, simple, and require little maintenance, and are thus suitable to put inside bodies or other such environments. The pump and/or valve means of the delivery apparatus may be controlled by a variety of means. In preferred embodiments, the means of control is a microprocessor. It should be appreciated however that other control mechanisms such as an 'ASIC' (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) may be used. The advantages of having active control over the introduction of the substance is readily apparent. The pressure devices are actively operated by the controlling mechanism and thus the rate and volume of substance delivered may be controlled. Accordingly, active delivery means that there is greater control so that the precise concentration of the substance can be delivered at the precise time, independent of the environment surrounding the substance delivery device, or delivery apparatus. The means by which the microprocessor can control this pump can vary. The pump may be powered by an energy source (perhaps a battery, an external source such as the animal's body, a magnetic field, a spring or the like) and the action of the microprocessor may be merely to connect or disconnect the pumps from the energy source. Alternatively, the microprocessor may control the valve or valves which permit or prevent the flow of substance from the delivery apparatus, and substance delivery device. In one embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor may be programmed to control the release of varying doses of differing hormones into the animal at predetermined times, thus allowing for accurate determination of when oestrus occurs. There are further advantages of having an active control delivery of substance to an animal. For example, there may be provided sensors which monitor the environment around the substance delivery device or delivery apparatus. The sensors may determine when the environment is ideal for the introduction of a substance into the body of the animal. This information may be then acted upon by the microprocessor to control the delivery apparatus to introduce those substances. For example, the sensors could determine factors in the body fluid surrounding the substance delivery device and/or delivery apparatus, such as temperature, acidity, viscosity or even odour. These physiological indicators may in some instances be more accurate than a calendar date for determining when certain substances should be introduced into the animal. With active control, an accurate response to these physiological conditions is possible. In some embodiments of the present invention the microprocessor may actually alter the size of the dose as well as the timing depending upon the environment the device is in. In other embodiments of the present invention the action of the delivery apparatus may be remotely activated. For example, the device may remain inactive within the animal for a period of time until the farmer wishes to start the fertility cycle. At which stage, the farmer may have an external device to the animal which triggers the action of the delivery apparatus or wakes up the microprocessor. This external device may come in many forms, for example it may be a radio transmitter, an ultrasonic transmitter, a magnet and so forth. In some embodiments of the present invention, remote programming of the microprocessor may be possible from outside the animal or at time of insertion. In other embodiments of the present invention the microprocessor may be able to communicate to an external device. For example, the microprocessor may feed back data as to how much substance has been delivered, the temperature of the environment and so forth. An appropriate microprocessor for use with the present invention is a four bit microprocessor or an 8 bit single chip microprocessor such as a pic 16c54 or Z8 or Motorola 6805. Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a retention apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a diagrammatic cross section of the retention apparatus in Figure 3, in accordance with that embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 6 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 7 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 8 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 9 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 10 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 11 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 12 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a retention apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 13 is a diagrammatic view of a peristaltic device fitted in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 14 is a view of the pressure device action on the flexible conduit, and Figure 15 is a diagrammatic view of a delivery apparatus which can be used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 16 is a diagrammatic view of a valve of a delivery apparatus used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 17 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a delivery apparatus used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 18 is a diagrammatic view of an open valve of a delivery apparatus used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 19 is a diagrammatic view of a closed valve of a delivery apparatus used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 20 is a graphical representation of a possible cycle which can be initiated with the present invention. With reference to the diagrams by way of example only there is provided substance delivery device generally indicated by arrow 1. The substance delivery device 1 includes retention apparatus generally indicated by arrow 2. The substance delivery device 1 is capable of insertion into a body cavity or passage of an animal. The retention apparatus 2 includes multiple arms 3 characterised in that the arms 3 are substantially flexible. Figures 1 and 2 are diagrammatic perspective views of the retention apparatus 2 for a device 1 capable of insertion into a body cavity of an animal, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The multiple arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are substantially straight, thin and substantially circular to reduce the interference with the normal flow of body secretions, such as mucus in the vagina. The shaft 4 of each arm 3 is substantially elongate to enable the retention apparatus 2 to engage with the walls of a body cavity of an animal. The tip 5 of each arm 3 has a substantially greater cross-sectional dimension than the shaft 4 of the arm 3. In preferred embodiments, the tip 5 is substantially bulbous which obviates problems of irritation of the internal walls of the animal's body cavity. The arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are substantially flexible, which enables the arms 3 to be aligned for insertion into the body cavity of an animal, and also enables the arms 3 to withstand the forces of the internal peristaltic waves within the body cavity of the animal. The substantial flexibility of the arms 3 enables the arms 3 to bend in response to the peristaltic waves without breaking, and enables the arms 3 to return to their fully extended retaining position once the peristaltic waves have passed. The arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are moulded as an integral part of the body of a device 1 to which the retention apparatus 2 is attached. In one preferred embodiment the arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are resiliently hinged 6 at the junction 7 between the shaft 4 of the arm 3 and the body of the device 1 (as in Figures 7 to 10 inclusive). Or in another preferred embodiment, the arms 3 are completely moulded to the body of the device 1 (as in Figures 5, 6, 11 and 12). The arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are operable between an aligned inserting position (as in Figures 5,7,9 and 11) and an extended retaining position (as in Figures 6, 8, 10 and 12). In the inserting position, the arms 3 are capable of being aligned substantially parallel to the body of the device 1 as shown in Figures 5 and 7. Alternatively, in other preferred embodiments the arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 may be aligned with each other and the longitudinal axis of the device 1, as in Figures 9 and 11. The arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are capable of being locked into the extended retaining position by the action of a spring-loaded collar 8. When the retention apparatus 2 is in its inserting position, the spring-loaded collar is cocked, as shown in Figures 5, 7, 9 and 11. During the process of insertion, when pressure is no longer applied to the arms 3 by an operator, an applicator, or the walls of the opening of the passage or body cavity into which the device is inserted, the arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are capable of moving towards the extended retaining position. This movement of the arms 3 activates the spring-loaded collar 8 to move in a direction substantially in-line with the longitudinal axis of the body of the device 1, and towards the arms 3. The spring-loaded collar 8 may operate in conjunction with the resiliently hinged arms 3 as in Figure 8, or in conjunction with the substantially flexible arms 3, as in Figure 6; by the action of the spring-loaded collar 8 in conjunction with a plunger 9 and resiliently hinged arms 3 as in Figure 10, or by the action of a spring-loaded collar 8 in conjunction with plunger 9 and the substantial flexibility of the arms 3, as in Figure 12. The spring-loaded collar 8 operates to lock the arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 in a plane substantially perpendicular to the body of the device 1. When locked in the extended retaining position the arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 are located in a substantially radial arrangement around the body of the device 1 as in Figures 1 and 2. Removal of the retention apparatus 2 may be effected by withdrawal of the device 1. During withdrawal of the substantially flexible arms 3 of the retention apparatus 2 may be realigned into a position substantially parallel to, or in line with the longitudinal axis of the body of the device 1. This alignment may be achieved through pressure exerted on the arms 3 by the walls of the animal's passage or body cavity through which the device is removed. With respect to Figure 13 there is illustrated a peristaltic device generally indicated by arrow 10 fitted into a delivery apparatus generally indicated by arrow 11. The delivery apparatus 11 comprises a housing 12 containing reservoirs 13 containing the substances to be delivered by the delivery apparatus 11. The reservoirs 13 have connection lines 14 to three pressure devices in the form of piezo pumps 15. A flexible conduit 16 leads to the outlet 17 of the delivery apparatus 11. The conduit 16 fits between three piezo pumps 15 and a pressure device controlling mechanism 18. In this device 1 the controlling mechanism 18 is a microprocessor. Also inside the housing 12 is an energy source 19 in the form of a battery and an inlet 20a that allows air into the housing 12 preventing the creation of a vacuum. Figure 14 illustrates the action of the piezo pumps 15 on the flexible conduit 16. If pressure from each pump 15 is sequentially applied to the flexible conduit 16, the substance 21 is forced along flexible conduit 16. The pumps 15 have restraints 22. Operation of the present invention may occur as follows. The connection lines 14 may cause substance holding bodies 13 to release substance into the flexible conduit 16. The pressure devices 15 apply pressure to the flexible conduit 16 to move the substance along the flexible conduit 16 to the substance outlet 17. Figure 15 also illustrates the construction of a delivery apparatus 11. The delivery apparatus 11 has an outer housing 12, an active delivery means in the form of a pump 23, a control means in the form of a microprocessor 18, an energy source in the form of a battery 19, and reservoirs 13 to hold the substances to be delivered. In this embodiment, the reservoirs 13 are flexible walled and situated near one end of the delivery apparatus 11. The inlet 20a comprises a one way valve situated at the end of the housing 12. The inlet 20a leads into an air space 24 adjacent the reservoirs 13. The reservoirs 13 are connected by conduits to the pump 23, which in turn is connected to an outlet 17 at the opposite end of the housing 12 to the one way valve. In operation, the pump 23 and the microprocessor 18 are powered by the battery 19. The microprocessor 18 turns on the pump 23 and selects which of the substances in the reservoirs 13 are to be pumped through the conduits to the outlet 17 at a predetermined time. The pumping action causes air to enter the one way valve and to air space 24. This allows the flexible wall containers to collapse under the air pressure as the substance is being pumped therefrom. Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19 illustrates a metering valve 20 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention which operates on a reversed magnetic polarity principle. The metering valve 20 consists of a moving armature 25 and a stationary armature 26. The armature 25 and 26 are preferably made out of soft iron or other magnetised material. In this preferred embodiment, the reservoir 13 contains an active substance to be dispensed. The active substance is dissolved or suspended in a fluid, such that the resultant solution is of a low to modest viscosity, such as is found with weak aqueous solutions, alcohol, or light oil. The reservoir 13 is pressurised. The pressure may be applied by a number of means, such as a spring and plunger system. This embodiment relies on activation of a coil member 27. The coil member 27 is preferably operated at a low frequency and at a very low duty cycle. Typically however, the on off times of the coil member 27 will be greater than one second. When the coil member 27 is activated, a solenoid action occurs. This in turn causes the moving armature 25 to be attracted to the stationary armature 26. When the coil member 27 is turned off, the magnetising circuit decays. When the magnetising circuit decays, a volume of the active fluid solution which has passed from the reservoir 13 into a dosing chamber 29, and is equal in volume to the displaced diameter of the moving armature 25, is then pushed out of the outlet 17. The valve 20 includes a disk which acts as a non-return valve. Accordingly, this causes the displaced fluid to be pushed forward when the coil member 27 is de-energised. While the coil member 27 is activated, the moving armature 25 is sealed against the stationary armature 26. This seal prevents the dosing chamber from being refilled from the reservoir 13. Accordingly, the dosing volume is relatively independent of the fluid reservoir pressure and the operating time of the valve 20. A spring 28 is used to keep the moving armature 25 and the metering valve 20 seated on the outlet 17. The force of this spring 28 needs only be sufficient to ensure that the valve 20 seals reliably. In some embodiments, metal laminations around the coil member 27 and within the outlet 17, may be used to improve the efficiency of the metering system. Preferably, the stationary armature 26 is in contact with the fluid held in the reservoir 13. Accordingly, a suitable protective coating may be used to protect the stationary armature 26, and also the moving armature 25 from the effects of the fluid being dispensed. In other embodiments of the present invention the moving armature 25 may be differently configured, to include a flat plate with laser drilled, or chemically milled cavities which form the dosing chamber(s). Figure 19 illustrates a possible dosing scenario showing different doses of different hormones (indicated by different fill colours) being dispensed over predetermined times with the date of oestrus being positively defined. Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A substance delivery device (1) for actively delivering a substance into a naturally occurring body cavity of an animal into which the substance delivery device (1) is to be inserted, said substance delivery device (1) including retention apparatus (2) and a body, said body housing at least one delivery apparatus for effecting the delivery of the said substance from the substance delivery device (1), said delivery apparatus including: a) a conduit (16) in eommunication with an outlet (17) of the substance delivery device (1), said conduit being capable of containing the said substance; and b) a pressure device (15) for driving the said substance within the said conduit to the said outlet of the substance delivery device (1); the retention apparatus (2) being adapted to retain the said substance delivery device (1) in the body cavity during delivery of the substance; and the pressure device (15) being adapted to operate as a pump for applying an expulsive force to cause the substance to be actively moved from the conduit to the said outlet (17), for introduction of a predetermined dose of the substance into the animal's body cavity. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the said conduit can operate as a reservoir for the said substance. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the said conduit is in communication with a reservoir of the said substance. A substance delivery device as claimed in either Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein the conduit is substantially flexible. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the flexible conduit facilitates movement of the said substance within and/or along the conduit to the outlet of the substance delivery device (1) and into the animal's body cavity when pressure is applied to the conduit by the pressure device. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the said pressure device is adapted to apply pressure to the said flexible conduit at variable points. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 6, wherein one or more additional said pressure devices are operable in sequence with the said pressure device, such that the activity of one pressure device does not cease until the next pressure device in the sequence is activated, in order to maintain movement of the said substance from the conduit and to prevent flow back of the substance. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 7, wherein operation of the pressure devices in sequence results in a peristaltic action effecting delivery of the said substance from the conduit of the delivery apparatus. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the pressure devices each include a piezo pump (15), a spring (8) and plunger (9) system, or a combination of a piezo pump and any other type of pump, for applying the required force to the conduit. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the delivery apparatus also includes a valve means (20) to assist in controlling the release of the said substance from the said conduit to the outlet of the substance delivery device. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the valve means operates as a pressure equilibrating system. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 11, wherein the valve means is operable as a valve metering system. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the valve means operates on a reversed magnetic polarity principle. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the valve means includes a magnetised moving armature, a fixed armature, a coil member capable of being magnetised, tension apparatus, and a chamber capable of receiving the said substance from the conduit. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 13, wherein either or both of the pressure devices and the valve means are powered by an energy source (19). A substance delivery device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 15, wherein the substance delivery device is adapted to be retained in the animal's body cavity for a period, during which delivery of the said substance from the substance delivery device into the animal's body cavity can be actively controlled with respect to at least one of the timing of, the volume of, and the concentration of the substance in order to effect release of at least one preferred dose of the substance during the said predetermined period. A substance delivery device according to Claim 16, wherein the delivery of the substance from the substance delivery device into the animal's body cavity is actively controlled by at least one control means capable of controlling the operation of the delivery apparatus. A substance delivery device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the substance contained within the said conduit for release from the delivery apparatus into the body cavity of an animal includes at least one of a hormone, a drug, a nutritional supplement, and a chemical. A substance delivery device according to any preceding claim, wherein the device is suitable for actively delivering a plurality of substances into the said body cavity. A substance delivery device according to any preceding claim, comprising a plurality of said conduits.

Inventors: JELLIE HUGH PHILIP, JELLIE, HUGH PHILIP
Applicants: ADVANCED ANIMAL TECHNOLOGY LTD, ADVANCED ANIMAL TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61D7
IPC codes: A61D7