Intenal combustion engine with valve timing control device

Abstract: A valve timing control device includes a rotor (17) fixed on a cam shaft (2) rotatably supported on a cylinder head (1) of an engine so as to be accommodated in the cylinder head, a housing member (19) rotatably mounted on the cam shaft (2) so as to surround the rotor, a plurality of chambers defined between the housing member (19) and the rotor (17), each of which has a pair of circumferentially opposed walls (19a1,19a2), a plurality of vanes (18) mounted on the rotor, each extending outwardly therefrom in the radial direction into one of the chambers so as to divide the chamber into a first pressure chamber (30) and a second pressure chamber (31) and a fluid supplying device for supplying fluid under pressure to at least a selected one of the first pressure chamber (30) and the second pressure chamber (31).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention: The present invention relates to a valve timing control device and in particular to a valve timing control device for controlling an angular phase difference between a crank shaft of a combustion engine and a cam shaft of the combustion engine. 2. Description of the prior art: In general, valve timing of a combustion engine is determined by valve mechanisms driven by a cam shaft according to a characteristic of the combustion engine or use of the combustion engine. Since a condition of the combustion is changed in response to the rotational speed of the combustion engine, however, it is difficult to obtain optimum valve timing through the whole rotational range. Therefore, a valve timing control device which is able to change valve timing in response to the condition of the combustion engine has been proposed as an auxiliary mechanism of the valve mechanism in recent years. A conventional device of this kind is disclosed, for example, in U.S.Patent No. 4,858,572. This device includes a rotor which is fixed on an outer projecting end of a cam shaft rotatably supported on a cylinder, a drive member which is driven by the rotational torque from a crank shaft and which is rotatably mounted on the outer projecting end of the cam shaft so as to surround the rotor, a plurality of chambers which are defined between the drive member and the rotor and each of which has a pair of circumferentially opposed walls and a plurality of vanes which are mounted to the rotor and which is extended outwardly therefrom in the radial direction into the chambers so as to divide each of chambers into a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber. In this device, fluid under pressure is supplied to a selected one of the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber in response to the running condition of the combustion engine and an angular phase difference between the crank shaft and the cam shaft is controlled so as to advance or retard the valve timing relative to the crank shaft. The valve timing control device is in the position of the maximum advanced condition, when each of the vanes contacts with one of the opposed walls of each of the chambers. On the other hand, the valve timing control device is in the position of the maximum retarded condition, when each of vanes contacts with the other of the opposed walls of each of the chambers. In case that the valve timing control device is disposed at the outside of the cylinder head as the above prior device, if the fluid which is the same as a fluid for lubricating the engine leaks from the chambers to outside, the amount of the fluid for operating the valve timing control device is decreased and other devices and so on which are located in the vicinity of the valve timing control device becomes dirty. Therefore, strict fluid-tightness is required for the chambers and additional seal members are always required for fluid-tightly sealing the chambers. Thereby, the structures of the valve timing control device is complicated. SUMMARY OF INVENTION It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved valve timing control device which overcomes the above drawbacks. It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved valve timing control device which can simplify the structures. In order to achieve these objectives, there is provided an internal combustion engine comprising a camshaft having a bearing portion rotatably supported by the cylinder head of the engine, the engine incorporating a valve timing control device for controlling an angular phase difference between a crank shaft and the said cam shaft of the engine, wherein the valve timing control device comprises a rotor fixed on a cylindrical portion of the cam shaft, a housing member rotatably mounted on the cam shaft to surround the rotor, a plurality of chambers defined between the housing member and the rotor each of which has a pair of circumferentially opposed walls, a plurality of vanes mounted on the rotor each extending outwardly therefrom in the radial direction into one of the chambers so as to divide that chamber into a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber, and a fluid supplying means for supplying fluid under pressure to at least a selected one of the first and second pressure chambers, characterised in that the rotor, housing member and vanes of the valve timing control device are accommodated in the cylinder head of the engine at an axial position inboard of the bearing portion of the cam shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof when considered with reference to the attached drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a valve timing control device in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 shows a side view of an embodiment of a valve timing control device in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken on line A - A of Fig. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A valve timing control device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to attached drawings. In an embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3, a valve timing control device according to the present invention is applied to an engine E of DOHC (Double Over Head Cam Shaft) type. Referring to Fig. 1, an exhaust cam shaft 2 (a cam shaft) and an intake cam shaft 3 (an another cam shaft) are rotatably mounted on a cylinder head 1 of an engine and are connected each other by a rotational torque transmitting means 6. The rotational torque transmitting means 6 is comprised of a gear 4 which is rotatably mounted on the exhaust cam shaft 2 and a gear 5 which is fixedly mounted on the intake cam shaft 3. An end of the exhaust cam shaft 2 is projected out of the cylinder head 1 and a timing pulley 7 is fixed to this projecting end of the exhaust cam shaft 2 by a bolt 8. A stopper pin 9 is fixed to the projecting end of the exhaust cam shaft 2 and is fitted into a notch formed on the timing pulley 7 so that the relative rotation between the timing pulley 7 and the exhaust cam shaft 2 is prevented. Rotational torque is transmitted to the timing pulley 7 via a belt 49 from a crank shaft 48 which is rotated by the engine. An cylindrical portion 10 of the exhaust cam shaft 2 which is extended into the cylinder head 1 is provided with a male screw portion 11 on which a male screw is formed and a passage portion on which two circular grooves 12, 13 are formed in order from a front side (left side in Fig. 1). The circular grooves 12, 13 are formed so as to maintain a predetermined distance between each other in the axial direction. At the adjacent portion of the passage portion (at the right side of the passage portion in Fig. 1), a journal portion 14 having a larger diameter than that of the passage portion is formed and a plurality of cam portions 15 are continuously formed at the right side of the journal portion 14. On the journal portion 14, the gear 4 having three female screw holes which are penetrated in the axial direction which are separated in the cicumferential direction at regular intervals is rotatably mounted thereon. On the passage portion of the exhaust cam shaft 2, a valve timing control mechanism 16 is mounted thereon. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the valve timing control mechanism 16 includes a rotor 17, six vanes 18, a housing member 19, a circular front plate 21 and a circular rear plate 22. The rotor 17 has a cylindrical shape and is fixedly mounted on the passage portion of the exhaust cam shaft 2 by a pin 32. The pin 32 is pressed into the passage portion of the exhaust cam shaft 2 in the radial direction and is fitted into a notch portion 33 formed on the inner circumferential portion of the rotor 17 so that the relative rotation between the rotor 17 and the exhaust cam shaft 2 is prevented. The housing member 19 has a cylindrical shape having an inner bore 19b and is rotatably mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 17 so as to surround the rotor 17. The housing member 19 has the same axial length as the rotor 17 and is provided with six grooves 19a which are outwardly extended from the inner bore 19b in the radial direction and which are separated in the circumferential direction at regular intervals. The housing member 19 is also provided with three holes which are penetrated in the axial direction and which are separated in the circumferential direction at regular intervals. The rear plate 22 is rotatably mounted on the journal portion 14 so as to locate between the gear 4 and one side faces of the housing 19 and the rotor 17 and is provided with three holes which are penetrated in the axial direction and which are separated in the circumferential direction at regular intervals. The front plate 21 is located so as to be opposite to the other side face of the housing member 19 and the rotor 17 and is provided with three holes which are penetrated in the axial direction and which are separated in the circumferential direction at regular intervals. Three bolts 23 are fitted into the holes of the front plate 21, the housing member 19 and the rear plate 22 and are screwed into the female screw holes of the gear 4. Thereby, the front plate 21 is fluid-tightly pressed to the other side face of the housing 19 and the rotor 17 and the rear plate 23 is fluid-tightly pressed to one side faces of the housing 19 and the rotor 17. Namely, the contacting portions among the front plate 21, the rotor 17 and the housing member 19 and among the rear plate 22, the rotor 17 and the housing member 19 are sealed by a metal touch, respectively. One side face of the rotor 17 is contacted with a stepped portion 14a of the journal portion 14 and under this condition a nut 25 is screwed onto the male screw portion 11 of the exhaust cam shaft 2 so as to press the rotor 17 toward the journal portion 14. Thereby, the valve timing control mechanism 16 is fixedly nipped between the journal portion 14 and the nut 25 and rotor 17 is rotated with the exhaust cam shaft 2 in a body. Thereby, six chambers 20 which are separated in the cicumferential direction at regular intervals and each of which has a pair of circumferentially opposed walls 19a1, 19a2 are defined among the rotor 17, the housing member 19, the front plate 21 and the rear plate 22. On the outer circumferential portion of the rotor 17, six grooves 17a which are extended inwardly therefrom in the radial direction and which are separated in the cicumferential direction at regular intervals are formed thereon. Six vanes 18 which are extended outwardly in the radial direction into the chambers 20 are mounted in the grooves 17a, respectively. Thereby, each of chambers 20 is divided into a first pressure chamber 30 and a second pressure chamber 31, both of which are fluid-tightly separated from each other. The rotor 17 is provided with six first passages 28 and six second passages 29. One end of each of the first passages 28 is communicated with the circular groove 13 and the other end of each of the first passages 28 is communicated with each of the first pressure chambers 30. On the other hand, one end of each of the second passages 29 is communicated with the circular groove 12 and the other end of each of the second passages 29 is communicated with each of the second pressure chambers 31. The circular groove 13 is communicated with a passage 27 which is formed in the exhaust cam shaft 2 at its axial center and which is extended in the radial direction via a passage 46. The circular groove 12 is communicated with a pair of passages 26 which are formed in the exhaust cam shaft 2 so as to locate on the coaxial circle about the axial center of the shaft 2 and which are extended in parallel in the radial direction via passages 45. Now, in this embodiment, the passage 27 is formed at the same time the lubrication passage for the journal portions (not shown) which are located at the right side of the exhaust cam shaft 2 in Fig. 1 is formed. The passage 27 is separated from the lubrication passage by a ball 35 which is pressed into the lubrication passage and is separated from outside by a ball 34 which is pressed into the passage 27. On the other hand, the passages 26 are symmetrical about the passage 27 and have the same flow resistance as that of the passage 27. Therefore, the passages 26, 27 which have a predetermined flow resistance can be obtained by the machining without increasing the diameter of the cam shaft 2. A portion of the exhaust cam shaft which is located between the cylindrical portion 10 and the projecting end portion of the exhaust cam shaft 2 is rotatably supported on the cylinder head 1 and a cover (not shown) and is provided with a circular groove 43. The circular groove 43 is communicated with the passages 26. The supporting surfaces of the cylinder head 1 and the cover (not shown) for supporting the exhaust cam shaft 2 is provided with a circular groove 44. The circular groove 44 is communicated with the passage 27 via a passage 47. A fluid supplying device 38 is comprised of a changeover valve 39, a fluidpump 40 and a controller 41. In this embodiment, the changeover valve 39 is an electromagnetic valve which is 4 ports - 3 positions type. The fluid pump 40 is driven by the engine and discharges the fluid (=oil) for lubricating the engine. The pump 40 may be a pump for lubricating the engine. The circular groove 44 is communicated to a A port of the changeover valve 39 and the circular groove 43 is communicated to a B port of the changeover valve 39. A P port of the changeover valve 39 is communicated to a discharge portion the fluid pump 40 and a R port of the changeover valve 39 is communicated to a reservoir 42. The position of the changeover valve 39 is controlled by the controller 41 so that a first condition in which the discharged fluid from the pump 40 is supplied to the circular groove 44 and in which the circular groove 43 is communicated to the reservoir 42, a second condition in which the communication between the circular grooves 43, 44 and the pump 40 and the reservoir 42 are interrupted, respectively and in which the discharged fluid from the pump 40 is supplied to the reservoir 42 and a third condition in which the discharged fluid from the pump 40 is supplied to the circular groove 43 and in which the circular groove 44 is communicated to the reservoir 42 are selectively obtained. The controller 41 controls the above conditions of the changeover valve 39 based on parameter signals which are an engine speed, an amount of opening of a throttle valve (not shown) and so on. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a fluid receiving portion 1a which is a concave portion and in which can reserve the fluid is formed on the cylinder head 1. The fluid receiving portion 1a allows the fluid for lubricating the journal portions of the exhaust cam shaft 2 and the intake cam shaft 3 to flow therein. In the fluid receiving portion 1a, a part of the valve timing control mechanism 16 is accomodated therein and is always immersed in the fluid. Now, in this embodiment, the level of the fluid in the fluid receiving portion 1a is determined to be positioned near the most lower portion of the rotor 17 as shown in Fig. 3. The operation of the valve timing control device having the above structure will now be described. With the starting of the engine, the exhaust cam shaft 2 is rotated clockwise by the timing pulley 7 in Fig. 2. Thereby, exhaust valves (not shown) are opened and closed. Simultaneously, the rotor 17 is rotated and then gear 4 is rotated via the vanes 18, the housing member 19 and the bolts 23. The rotation of the gear 4 is transmitted to the gear 5 and then the intake cam shaft 3 is rotated so that intake valves (not shown) are opened and closed. The gear 4 is rotatably mounted on the journal portion 14 of the exhaust cam shaft 2. Therefore, when the pressurized fluid is supplied from the pump 40 to the second pressure chambers 31 by the changeover valve 39 changed to the third condition via the circular groove 43, the passages 26 and 45, the circular groove 12 and the second passages 29, the housing member 19, the front plate 21 and the second plate 22 are rotated clockwise with the gear 4 relative to the exhaust cam shaft 2 in Fig. 3 and therefore the intake cam shaft 3 is rotated. Thereby, the valve timing control mechanism 16 is in the position of the maximum advanced condition in which the vanes 18 is contacted with the walls 19a1 of the chambers 20 and in which the angular phase of the intake cam shaft 3 is advanced relative to that of the exhaust cam shaft 2 (= the crank shaft 48) by maximum value  in Fig. 3. In this condition, when the pressurized fluid is supplied from the pump 40 to the first pressure chambers 30 by the changeover valve 39 changed to the first condition via the circular groove 44, the passages 47, 27 and 46, the circular groove 13 and the first passages 28, the housing member 19, the front plate 21 and the second plate 22 are rotated counterclockwise with the gear 4 relative to the exhaust cam shaft 2 in Fig. 3. Thereby, the valve timing control mechanism 16 is in the position of the maximum retarded condition in which the vanes 18 is contacted with the walls 19a2 of the chambers 20 and in which the angular phase of the intake cam shaft 3 is. retarded relative to that of the exhaust cam shaft 2 (= the crank shaft 48) by maximum value  from the above mentioned maximum advanced condition. Now, depending on the manner in which the control of the changeover valve 39 is executed, the vanes 18 can be stopped in any position (intermediate advanced position) between the maximum advanced position and the maximum retarded position. This requires that balance be achieved between the fluid pressure of the first pressure chambers 30 and the fluid pressure of the second pressure chambers 31 when the vanes 18 have achieved an arbitrary position. In this intermediate advanced position, the fluid is supplied to both of the first and second chambers 30, 31. The amount of the advance can therefore be set to any value between a zero level and a maximum level. As mentioned above, the opening and closing timing of the intake valves (not shown) driven by the intake cam shaft 3 is adjusted and the angular phase difference between the crank shaft 48 and the intake cam shaft 3 is adjusted. Further, in this embodiment, since a member which requires an axial length is only the nut 25 except for the valve timing control mechanism 16 and therefore the valve timing control mechanism 16 is accomodated in the cylinder head 1 without increasing the size of the engine, the valve timing control mechanism is not projected to outside of the engine (cylinder head) and it is able to miniaturize the engine. Thereby, the degree of freedom for disposing other devices is increased. Further, since the fluid which is leaked to outside of the chambers 20 is collected in the cylinder head 1, it is not necessary to strictly determine the fluid-tightness of the chambers and therefore additional seal members are not always required for sealing the chambers. Accordingly, it is able to simplify the structure of the valve timing control device. In this embodiment, during the running of the engine, the fluid in the fluid receiving portion 1a is mixed up by the rotation of the valve timing control mechanism 16 and is used to lubricate the gears 4, 5 and so on. When the engine is stopped and the supplying the fluid to the chambers 20 is stopped, even if the fluid in the chambers 20 leaks gradually via the contacting portions among the front plate 21, the rotor 17 and the housing member 19 and among the rear plate 22, the rotor 17 and the housing member 19, this leaked fluid is received in the fluid receiving portion 1a and the fluid is remained in the chambers 20 which is located in the fluid received in the fluid receiving portion 1a. All of the fluid are not leaked from the chambers 20. Therefore, when the engine is started again under this condition or after the engine was stopped for a long time, it is prevented by the remained fluid that the vanes 18 impact on the walls 19a2 (19a1) in the chambers 20. Accordingly, it is able to prevent that the noise is generated by this impact. Further, in this embodiment, the valve timing control mechanism 16 is fixedly nipped between the nut 25 and the journal portion 14 of the exhaust cam shaft 2. Therefore, the direction for mounting the valve timing control mechanism 16 onto the exhaust cam shaft 2 and the direction for screwing the nut 25 onto the exhaust cam shaft 2 are the same and therefore the valve timing control mechanism 16 is easily fixed on the exhaust cam shaft 2. Accordingly, in case that the maintenance work of the valve timing control mechanism 16 is performed, it is able to easily detach the valve timing control mechanism 16 from the exhaust cam shaft 2. Further, it is able to easily mount the valve timing control mechanism 16 on the exhaust cam shaft 2 so as to be coaxial and the exact phase adjusting operation is secured. As mentioned above, according to the present invention, since the valve timing control device is accomodated in the cylinder head, the valve timing control device is not projected to outside of the engine (cylinder head) and it is able to miniaturize the engine. Thereby, the degree of freedom for disposing other devices is increased. Further, since the fluid which is leaked to outside of the chambers is collected in the cylinder head, it is not necessary to strictly determine the fluid-tightness of the chambers and therefore additional seal members are not always required for sealing the chambers. Accordingly, it is able to simplify the structure of the valve timing control device.

Claims: An internal combustion engine comprising a cam shaft (2) having a bearing portion rotatably supported by the cylinder head (1) of the engine, the engine incorporating a valve timing control device for controlling an angular phase difference between a crank shaft and the said cam shaft (2) of the engine, wherein the valve timing control device comprises: a rotor (17) fixed on a cylindrical portion (10) of the cam shaft (2), a housing member (19) rotatably mounted on the cam shaft (2) so as to surround the rotor (17), a plurality of chambers defined between the housing member (19) and the rotor (17), each of which having a pair of circumferentially opposed walls (19a1,19a2), a plurality of vanes (18) mounted on the rotor (17) each extending outwardly therefrom in the radial direction into one of the chambers so as to divide the chamber into a first pressure chamber (30) and a second pressure chamber (31) and a fluid supplying means for supplying fluid under pressure to at least a selected one of the first pressure chamber (30) and the second pressure chamber (31) CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the rotor (17), housing member (19) and vanes (18) of the valve timing control device are accommodated in the cylinder head (1) of the engine at an axial position inboard of the bearing portion of the cam shaft (2). An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the cam shaft (2) is directly rotated by rotational torque from a crank shaft (48) of the engine and the housing member (19) is connected to an another cam shaft (3) via a rotational torque transmitting means (4,5). An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a part of the housing member (19) is accommodated in a fluid receiving portion (1a) which is formed in the cylinder head (1) and which receives and reserves any hydraulic fluid leaking from the chambers (20) of the timing control device when the engine is stationary. An internal combustion engine according to any preceding claim, wherein the fluid supplying means includes a fluid pump (40) from which fluid under pressure is supplied, an electromagnetic changeover valve (39) connected to the fluid pump (40) and alternately connected to the first pressure chamber (30) and the second pressure chamber (31) and a controller for controlling the control position of the changeover valve. An internal combustion engine according to claim 4 wherein the fluid pump (40) is connected to the first pressure chamber (30) or the second pressure chamber (31) by first passage means (44,47,27,46,13,28) or second passage means (43,26,45,12,29) respectively. An internal combustion engine according to any preceding claim wherein the housing member (19), the rotor (17) and the vanes (18) form a unit and this unit is retained between a journal portion (14) of the cam shaft (2) and a nut (25) screwed onto the cam shaft (2).

Inventors: EGUCHI KATSUHIKO, SATO ATSUSHI, EGUCHI, KATSUHIKO, SATO, ATSUSHI
Applicants: AISIN SEIKI, AISIN SEIKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F01L1
IPC codes: F01L1