Spring lock coupling

Abstract: A tubular coupling comprising a first tube (12), a cage (16) disposed on an end portion (14) of the first tube (12), a bead (30) for retaining the cage (16) on the end portion (14) of the first tube (12) and a second tube (28) telescopically engageable with the first tube (12). The coupling further include a spring (34) disposed around the cage (16) for preventing telescopic disengagement of the second tube (28) from the first tube (12) as well as a plurality of o-rings (48,50,52) disposed on the end of the first tube (12). One (50) of the o-rings (48,50,52) is disposed at the pivot point of the coupling, the pivot point being defined as the midpoint of the distance between a first contact point (56) and a second contact point (58) between the first tube (12) and the second tube (28) when the tubes are engaged.

Description: The present invention relates to a spring lock or quick-connect tubular coupling for a pair of tubes one of which has an end portion telescopically disposed within an end portion of the other. In many automotive, household appliance and machine tool applications, fluid conduits or tubes that carry pressurised fluids must be capable of being disconnected to permit repair or replacement of components of the system. One such type of connection is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,055,359 to McWethy, assigned to the assignee of the present application, and which is shown at generally in Figure 1. The `359 patent discloses a quick-connect tubular coupling which facilitates initial connection and subsequent disconnection of the pair of tubes. The `359 connection was a key contribution to the art enabling manual connections of fluid pressure lines in a few seconds by using (i) a radially outwardly flared lip to expand and pass a garter spring thereby and (ii) a cage to retain the spring in the passed condition. Specifically, the `359 patent utilises an annular cage externally mounted on the inner tube in axially spaced relation to the free end of its end portion. The cage is held on the inner tube against axial displacement. The end portion of the outer tube is flared outwardly at its free end and extends into the cage. A circular spring means such as a garter spring is interposed between the flared end portion of the other tube and the cage and is disposed to prevent axial movement of one tube relative to the other. Between the telescoped end portion are a pair of o-rings that are compressed in a sealed mode to prevent leakage through the coupling as is shown generally in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, the pair of o-rings are placed to prevent leakage through the coupling since a gap, indicated by G, is present between the male and female portions of the connection. The gap is necessary for the male portion to fit within the female portion of the connection. Both of the o-rings are dynamic, meaning they move as the fitting vibrates. The fitting vibrates because of the gap and the fluid moving therethrough. Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a coupling which accommodates the vibration of the fitting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a spring lock coupling which includes a static o-ring to lower the leakage potential of the coupling and improve its durability. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a spring lock coupling which is economical and uncomplicated to manufacture. According to the present invention we provide a tubular coupling comprising: a first tube having an end portion with a terminal end, the end portion being connected to the first tube; a cage means disposed on the end portion of the first tube, the cage means including: a radial base portion having a circular aperture through which the end portion of the first tube projects; a curved wall portion connected to the radial base portion, the curved wall portion forming an annular chamber; and a circular flange portion connected to the curved wall portion and angularly inclined toward the end portion of the first tube in the general direction of the terminal end, the circular flange terminating in radially spaced relation to an outer surface of the end portion of the first tube; means for retaining the cage means on the end portion of the first tube to hold the cage means against axial displacement; a second tube having an end portion telescopically mounted on the end portion of the first tube, the end portion of the second tube including a cylindrical portion, a transition portion and a flange portion circumferentially surrounding the terminal edge thereof, the flange portion projecting into the space between the surface of the end portion of the first tube and the cage means when the first and second tube ends are in engagement; a spring means disposed within the cage means interposed between the flange portion of the second tube and the circular flange portion, thereby preventing telescopic disengagement of the second tube from the first tube when the first and second tubes are in engagement; and sealing means disposed between the end portion of the first tube and the end portion of second tube for preventing leakage between the end portions, the sealing means including a plurality of O-rings laterally disposed on the terminal end of the first tube, characterised in that one of the plurality of 0-rings is disposed at a pivot point of the coupling, the pivot point being defined as the midpoint of the distance between a first contact point and a second contact point between the first tube and the second tube when the first and second tubes are in engagement, wherein said first contact point is defined as the point of contact of the second tube transition portion and the outer surface of the first tube end portion when the first and second tubes are engaged, and said second contact point is defined as the point of contact of the first tube terminal end with the inner surface of the second tube when the first and second tubes are engaged. The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art spring lock coupling; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a spring lock coupling structured in accord with the principles of the present invention; and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional, exploded view of a spring lock coupling of Figure 2. Figures 2 and 3 disclose a spring lock coupling 10 of the present invention. The coupling 10 includes a first tube 12 having an end portion or male fitting 14 connected thereto. The male fitting 14 typically is formed integrally with the tube 12. A cage 16 is attached to the end portion 14 of the first tube 12 by a radial base portion 18. The cage 16 also includes a curved wall portion 22 and a circular flange portion 24. The curved wall portion 22 is connected to the radial base portion 18. The circular flange portion 24 is connected to the curved wall portion 22 and is angularly inclined toward the terminal end 20 of the end of portion 14. The circular flange portion 24 ends at such a point that there is an access opening 26 which allows a portion of the second or outer tube 28 to be introduced thereinto. The cage 16 is attached at the radial base portion 18 to the end portion 14 of the first tube 12 by a crimped bead 30. Other types of connections are also possible, such as welding, soldering, etc., and are well within the knowledge of one skilled in the art. The cage 16 defines an annular space 32 around the end portion 14 of the first tube 12. The curved wall portion 22 defines the largest diameter location of the annular space 32. Located inside the annular space 32 and normally disposed on the outer portion of the end portion 14 is a garter spring 34 which is capable of holding the coupling 10 together. The second tube 28 includes an end portion 36 which is generally cylindrical and slightly enlarged from the diameter from the second tube 28. At the terminal end of the end portion 36 is a circumferential flange 38 and a transition portion 39 between the circumferential flange 38 and the generally cylindrical end portion 36. The flange portion 38 is inserted under the garter spring 34 and holds the coupling together as is taught in the `359 patent, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The end portion 14 of the first tube 12 includes three o-ring grooves 42, 44 and 46 for receiving o-rings 48, 50 and 52, respectively, for sealingly preventing leakage between the two tubes 12 and 28. The o-rings 48 and 52 are dynamic o-rings which move as the coupling 10 vibrates due to fluid flowing therethrough. The o-ring 50, disposed between o-rings 48, 52 is a static o-ring which means it does not move as the fitting vibrates. To be a static o-ring, the o-ring 50 must be placed at the pivot point of the coupling. The pivot point, shown as line P-P in Figure 2 is the point (or vertical axis) about which the end portion 14 of the first tube 12 and the end portion 36 of the second tube 28 pivot due to the gap G between the fittings, respectively. This pivot axis is defined as the midpoint between a first contacting point 56 and a second contacting point 58 of the engaged fitting. The first contact point 56 is defined as that circumferential point at which the second tube transition portion 39, immediately adjacent the flange portion 38 of the end portion 36 contacts the outer surface of the first tube end portion 14 when the first and second tubes are engaged. The second contact point is defined as the circumferential point of contact of the first tube terminal end 20 with the inner surface of the second tube 28 end portion 36 when the first and second tubes are engaged. The first point of contact is shown at 56 at Figure 2 while the second point of contact is shown at 58 in Figure 2. If a diagonal line is drawn between respective opposite first and second contact points as shown in Figure 2, the intersection of those diagonal lines occurs at the pivot point of the coupling, identified at line P-P of Figure 2. The o-ring 50 placed at this pivot point does not move as the first tube end portion 14 vibrates relative to the second tube end portion 36 during fluid flow. As such, the o-ring 50 provides greater sealing benefit and improve durability of the quick-connect coupling. Reduced permeation leakage is also provided by adding the third o-ring 50 at the pivot point of the coupling. The assembly of the coupling of the present application is very similar to that described in the `359 patent and therefore is unnecessary for description here. The disclosure of the `359 patent relating to assembly and disassembly of the coupling is hereby incorporated by reference. The materials for the coupling can be selected from those well known to those skilled in the art. Specific materials which can be utilised include low carbon steel, aluminium and plastics.

Claims: A tubular coupling comprising: a first tube (12) having an end portion (14) with a terminal end (20), the end portion (14) being connected to the first tube (12); a cage means (16) disposed on the end portion (14) of the first tube (12), the cage means (16) including: a radial base portion (18) having a circular aperture through which the end portion of the first tube projects; a curved wall portion (22) connected to the radial base portion (18), the curved wall portion (22) forming an annular chamber (32); and a circular flange portion (24) connected to the curved wall portion (22) and angularly inclined toward the end portion (14) of the first tube (12) in the general direction of the terminal end (20), the circular flange terminating in radially spaced relation to an outer surface of the end portion (14) of the first tube (12); means (30) for retaining the cage means (16) on the end portion (14) of the first tube (12) to hold the cage means (16) against axial displacement; a second tube (28) having an end portion (36) telescopically mounted on the end portion (14) of the first tube (12), the end portion (36) of the second tube (28) including a cylindrical portion, a transition portion (39) and a flange portion (38) circumferentially surrounding the terminal edge thereof, the flange portion (38) projecting into the space between the surface of the end portion (14) of the first tube (12) and the cage means (16) when the first and second tube ends are in engagement; a spring means (34) disposed within the cage means (16) interposed between the flange portion (38) of the second tube (28) and the circular flange portion (24), thereby preventing telescopic disengagement of the second tube (28) from the first tube (12) when the first and second tubes (12,28) are in engagement; and sealing means disposed between the end portion of the first tube (12) and the end portion of second tube (28) for preventing leakage between the end portions, the sealing means including a plurality of O-rings (48,50,52) laterally disposed on the terminal end of the first tube (12), characterised in that one (50) of the plurality of O-rings (48,50,52) is disposed at a pivot point of the coupling, the pivot point being defined as the midpoint of the distance between a first contact point (56) and a second contact point (58) between the first tube (12) and the second tube (28) when the first and second tubes are in engagement, wherein said first contact point (56) is defined as the point of contact of the second tube transition portion (39) and the outer surface of the first tube end portion (14) when the first (12) and second (28) tubes are engaged, and said second contact point (58) is defined as the point of contact of the first tube terminal end (20) with the inner surface of the second tube (28) when the first (12) and second (28) tubes are engaged. A tubular coupling according to Claim 1, wherein the first end portion (14) of the first tube (12) is integral with the first tube (12). A tubular coupling according to either Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the cage means (16) is disposed on the end portion (14) of the first tube (12) in an axially inwardly spaced relation to the terminal end thereof. A tubular coupling according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining means (30) engages with the radial base portion (18) of the cage means (16). A tubular coupling according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spring means (34) comprises a garter spring. A tubular coupling according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining means (30) is formed by beads in the end portion (14) of the first tube (12). A tubular coupling according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of 0-rings comprises three O-rings.

Inventors: ANDERSON CLAUDIA, CAMPBELL DAVID, SCHROEDER FRED, ANDERSON, CLAUDIA, CAMPBELL, DAVID, SCHROEDER, FRED
Applicants: FORD MOTOR CO, FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F16L37
IPC codes: F16L37, F16J15, F16K51