METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLING OR DISASSEMBLING AN INSTALLATION PRESENT ON A SEABED

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for assembling and disassembling an installation present on a seabed, for instance a pipeline lying on a seabed, wherein components, for instance pipe flanges, are mutually attached by means of nut and bolt connections and the nut and bolt connections are released and/or secured by means of a wrench. Nut and bolt connections are herein released by divers using a wrench. This is heavy and difficult work. It is impossible for divers to operate at considerable depth. Complicated and very costly pipeline connections are then applied which can be released and secured without divers. The invention has for its object to reduce the stated drawbacks of the known method. To this end at least one wrench is used, of which an engagement cup for engaging a nut and/or a bolt head in axial direction of a nut and bolt connection for manipulating is displaceable relative to a cup carrier counter to spring action.

Description: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLING OR DISASSEMBLING AN INSTALLATION PRESENT ON A SEABED The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Nut and bolt connections are herein released by divers using a wrench. This is heavy and difficult work. It is impossible for divers to operate at considerable depth. Complicated and very costly pipeline connections are then applied which can be released and secured without divers . The invention has for its object to reduce the stated drawbacks of the known method. To this end the invention provides the method of claim 1 and an apparatus of claim 5. In addition to use on pipelines lying on the seabed the method according to the invention can also be applied to drilling rigs, oil or gas extraction wells or other constructions located under water. The invention will be elucidated in the description following hereinbelow with reference to a drawing. In the drawing in schematic form: Figure 1 shows a side view of a pipeline with auxil- iary equipment; Figure 2 shows fraction II of figure 1 at a later stage; Figure 3 shows on larger scale a perspective view of fraction III of figure 2; Figure 4 shows on larger scale a longitudinal sec¬ tion of fraction IV of figure 3; Figure 5 shows a side view of auxiliary equipment for another pipeline; Figures 6-10 show on larger scale fraction VI of figure 5 during manipulating of a pipeline in successive stages; Figure 11 shows on larger scale a side view of fraction XI of figure 7; Figures 12 and 13 show respectively a cross section and a perspective view of fraction XII of figure 11; Figures 14 and 15 show the cross section XIV-XIV of figure 11 in two different positions; Figures 16A, 16B and 17-19 show on larger scale a longitudinal section through fraction XVI of figure 11 in successive stages; Figure 20 shows on larger scale a longitudinal section through fraction XX of figure 16A; Figures 21-23 show a perspective view of fraction XX in different positions; Figure 24 shows on larger scale a longitudinal section of another embodiment of fraction XXVI of figure 16; Figures 25 and 26 show cross sections along line XXV-XXV of figure 19 in different positions; Figures 27 and 28 show on larger scale fraction XXVII of figure 24 in different positions; Figures 29 and 30 show respectively a cross section and a perspective view of a variant of fraction XXIX of figure 27; Figure 28 shows on larger scale detail XXVIII of figure 27 in another position; Figure 31 shows a longitudinal section through an alternative embodiment of figure 27; Figure 32 shows a fraction of figure 31 in another position; Figure 33 is a perspective view of the detail of figure 32; and Figure 34 is a longitudinal section through another alternative of figure 32. In the following description corresponding compo¬ nents of different embodiments are provided with the same reference numerals, also when they have a different design. A pipeline 1 which lies on a seabed 2 at a great depth, for instance at between 1 and 3 km depth, has at least two elements 3 and 4 which are mutually connected by means of flanges 5 and 6 which are mutually fixed by means of nut and bolt connections 7. If element 4 must be released from element 3 the pipeline 1 is first raised from the seabed 2 by means of per se known yokes 8 which are lowered round pipeline 1 from a vessel 10, whereafter pipeline 1 is raised locally by means of yokes 8. From the vessel 10 a tool carrier 9 is then arranged at the flanges 5, 6 on pipeline 1 (figure 2) . The tool carrier 9 (figure 3) comprises a support yoke 11 which carries on either side a divided ring 12, of which the ring halves 13 are pivotable mutually on an axis 14 and pivotable relative to support yoke 11 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 16 and pivot arms 17 and are closable by means of a hydraulic closure 15. A divid¬ ed ring 18 is rotatably mounted on each divided ring 12 by means of inner rollers 19 and outer rollers 20. Rings 12 and 18 can only be opened together in order to be arranged round a pipeline 1 provided that the shafts 21 of rings 18 and the axes 14 of rings 12 are arranged coaxially. This is sensed with a sensor 44 which is arranged on support frame 11 and which determines -he presence locally of the shaft 21. Rings 18 can rotate relative to rings 12 by means of toothed pinions 22 of rings 18 which are driven by hydraulic motors 24 and engage in inner gear rims 23 of rings 12. The support yoke 11 can be moved in lengthwise direction of pipeline 1 by means of rollers 25. Rings 18 are mutually connected by means of longitudinal rods 25 which guide consoles 27 driven in opposite directions by motors 28 via screw spindles 29 on either side of flanges 5, 6. Two or more wrenches 30 supported by consoles 27 are for instance arranged over mutual angular distances which correspond with angular distances between the screw bolts 31 of nut and bolt connections 7. When a wrench 30 is displaced opposite a nut and bolt connection -7 using a sensor 41 and has approached this sufficiently (figure 4) , a socket 32 which is pressed on by a pressure spring 34 and guided in a bore 33 and which forms an engagement cup is pushed over the nut 35 of nut and bolt connection 7. The socket 32 has a positioning edge 36 and an outer gear ring 37 which is driven via tooth wheels 38 and 39 by a hydraulic motor 40 in order to loosen the nuts 35. The unscrewed nuts 35 slide outside through the spring 34 and a hole 42, while the bolt 31 which is locked against rotation by a hexago¬ nal socket 43 is later pulled out by means of an ROV (remote operated vehicle) with a tool, for instance a magnet or a gripper, after the support yoke 11 with wrenches 30 has been removed. According to figures 5-10 a pipe piece 45 is removed from a pipeline 1. For this purpose a lifting frame 46 is lowered from a vessel 10 onto the seabed 2 round the pipe piece 45 and pipe piece 45 is hooked on lifting cables 48 of lifting frame 46 with the use of an ROV 47 (remote operated vehicle) . After raising of pipeline 1 from the seabed 2 the nut and bolt connections 7 of flanges 5, 6 are released by means of wrenches 30 carried by a tool carrier 9 which is arranged round pipe piece 45 inside a cage 54. This latter has longitudinal beams 50 which are fixed via radial supports 51 to the flange 6 and a clamp¬ ing ring 52 clamped round pipe piece 45. This cage 54 supports axially against a cage-like, two-part pipe support 55. The tool carrier 9 comprises in this case a ring 57 guided round the pipe piece 45 of pipeline I and a sleeve 56 guided round the pipe piece 45 which are arranged rotatably relative to a ring 58 clamped round the pipe piece 45. The ring 57 carries a plurality of wrenches 30 distributed over the periphery, this at mutual angular distances a which are equal to twice the angular distance b between the nut and bolt connections 7. The angular position of sleeve 56 is adjusted through an angle b by means of hydraulic cylinders 59 which are arranged between ring 58 and sleeve 56 (figure 13) . Ring 57 is slidable axially relative to sleeve 56 by means of hydraulic cylinders 60 with piston rods 95. Each wrench 30 comprises said socket 32 which is urged by means of a spring 34 from the position drawn in figure 16A to the position drawn in figure 16B onto the nut 35 and which is driven via its gear rim 37 and tooth wheels 38, 39 by a hydraulic motor 40. Each screw bolt 31 has in figures 16- 19 a protruding threaded end 62 having a fixed ring 63 a small distance from nut 35. Clamped :>nto the free end of threaded end 62 in the fitted position of figure 16 is a clamp 64 consisting of a plurality of, for instance three, clamping pieces 65 which are pressed together to form a closed threaded ring by means of an elastic pe¬ ripheral ring 66 (figure 20) . The clamping pieces 65 have conical surfaces 67 and 68. Surfaces 67 co-act with radial pins 69 which are slidable in a housing 70 and which are urged inward by an elastic ring 71. Surfaces 68 co-act with a conical ring 73 which is connected to the piston 74 of a hydraulic cylinder 72. Clamping pieces 65 are urged apart by tangential pressure springs 75 ar- ranged in each of the separating surfaces and a tangen¬ tial flexible pin 76 arranged therebetween (figures 21- 23) . In the embodiment variant of figures 24-28 two elastic peripheral rings 66 are present and pins 76 are disposed coaxially of the pressure springs 75. Clamping pieces 65 are guided outward by means of their guide surfaces 78 and axially directed conical guide pieces 77 of a cage 80 which is fixed by means of bolts 79 to the conical ring 73. The cylinder housing 70 and its piston 74 are sealed with sealing rings 85 and 86 relative to a sliding sleeve 87 which is guided over threaded end 62 by means of a plastic lining 88 and which supports via a pressure spring 91 against the fixed ring 63 (figure 24) . The driving gear housing 92 of motor 40 and tooth wheels 38 and 39 is fixed to cylinder 72. The piston 74 is locked against rotation by means of axial rods 96. The operation of wrenches 30 is as follows. Wrenches 30 are built on in the position of figure 16 and thus lowered together with pipeline 1 and pipe piece 45 onto the seabed 2, wherein the hexagonal socket 43 is arranged round each nut • 97 and provided with a ring 99 adapted to the conical end 98. The clamps 64 are in their clamping position and flanges 5, 6 are locked between the tighten¬ ed nuts 97 and 35. A socket 32 of a wrench 30 is situated round half the plurality of nuts 35 (figure 14) . In this situation the remotely controlled hydraulic motor 40 is driven in order to loosen nuts 35 so that they come up against rings 63. Clamps 64 are then re¬ leased by an axial inward movement of pistons 74 whereby the clamping pieces 65 displace radially outward (figure 17) . The nuts 35 are then rotated further together with screw bolts 31 until the nut 97 is fully released. In the case the pipe piece 45 must be removed in transverse direction the cylinders 60 with their piston rods 95 are operated to pull the screw bolts 31 out of flanges 5 with the clamps 64 closed as according to figure 19, so that they still remain in flanges 6 and are there held in place by means of nylon clamping bushes 101. When pipe piece 45 can be removed in axial direction the wrenches 30 are pulled off the screw bolts 31 from the position of figure 18 by means of piston rods 95 with the clamps 64 released. For the purpose of loosening screw bolts 31 which are still fixed and situated between the loosened screw bolts 31, the wrench 8 is displaced by means of cylinders 59 from the position of figure 14 to the position of figure 15 over an angular distance b and wrenches 30 are pushed over screw bolts 31 with fixed nuts 35, wherein the sockets 32 optionally compress the pressure springs 34 and slide over these nuts 35 at their first rotation. When this second set of screw bolts 31 has also been sufficiently loosened and optionally retracted, the pipe piece 45 is pulled away from the remaining pipeline 1 (figure 8) respectively suspended (figure 9) by means of cables 102 and 48. The pipe support 55 is removed by means of cables 102. Hooking on and off of cables 48 and 102 takes place with the ROV 47. A closing flange 100 is optionally arranged later on flange 5 and falls automatically thereover. According to figures 29 and 30 each clamp 64 can consist of two ' clamping pieces 65 which are embodied as screwed sleeve halves and which are mounted pivotally on a shaft 106 and for axial sliding against pressure springs 107 and which are closed or opened round a screw bolt 31 by a tangential hydraulic cylinder 103. The screw thread 104 is herein ground away at the edges 105. The control of diverse said members takes place remotely, for instance from an ROV 47 or from a vessel 10 with per se known telecommunication means. The said hydraulic motors are driven with pressure liquid via liquid lines and remotely operated valves from a pump which is mounted on tool carrier 9 and which is powered by means of a cable from vessel 10 or from a battery built onto tool carrier 9. In the case of a short screw bolt 31 the screw cap 109 of a bolt extension 108 can be screwed thereon. A clamping device 110 can act thereon which comprises a ball cage 111 with balls 112 received therein which enter clampingly between a wedge surface 113 of piston 74 and the outer face 114 of bolt extension 108 when as accord¬ ing to figure 32 the ball cage 111 is held back by radial pins 69 while piston 74 is displaced outward (figure 32) . When piston 74 is retracted, springs 115 acting between piston 74 and bail cage 111 press the balls out of their wedged position. Figures 33 and 34 each show an alternative of figure 32. In figure 33 the ball cage 111 is replaced by a sleeve 117 having arranged therein wedge blocks 118 with internal teeth 119 which engage on the smooth stem of the bolt extension 108. In figure 34 the ball cage 111 is replaced by three clamping pieces 120 which are distributed over the pe¬ riphery and which have shark's tooth-shaped inner ring parts 121 which engage in corresponding grooves 122 of bolt extension 108. Two annular arrays of radial pins 69 co-act with outer grooves 124 of clamping pieces 120 to place them in engagement with grooves 122. *****

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Method for assembling and disassembling an in¬ stallation present on a seabed, for instance a pipeline (1) lying on a seabed (2) , wherein components, for in¬ stance pipe flanges (5, 6) are mutually attached by means of nut and bolt connections (7) and the nut and bolt connections (7) are released and/or secured by means of a wrench (30) , characterized in that at least one wrench is used, of which an engagement cup for engaging a nut and/or a bolt head in axial direction of a nut and bolt connection for manipulating is displaceable relative to a cup carrier counter to spring action. 2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one wrench (30) is carried by a tool carri¬ er (9) gripping round the pipeline (1) . 3. Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during placing of a socket (32) on a nut the wrench (30) is displaced relative to the tool carrier (9) by remote control . 4. Method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, character- ized in that the wrench (30) is operated without divers. 5. Apparatus for performing the method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims comprising a wrench (30) for releasing and/or securing a nut and bolt connection (7) of an installation present on a seabed, for instance flanges (5, 6) of a pipeline (1) lying under water, characterized by an engagement cup for engaging a nut and/or a bolt head in axial direction of a nut and bolt connection for manipulating, which engagement cup is displaceable relative to a cup carrier counter to spring action. 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterized by a tool carrier (9) gripping round a pipeline (1) for carrying at least one wrench (30) . 7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized by at least one wrench (30) which is adjustable over an angular distance (b) relative to the tool carrier (9) . 8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6 or 7, character¬ ized in that the wrench (30) comprises a clamp (64) for opening and closing and engaging on a screw bolt (31) . 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, 7 or 8, charac¬ terized in that the tool carrier (9) with at least one wrench (30) is built onto a pipe piece (45) of the pipe¬ line (1) . *****

Inventors: HOVINGA ROBERT PAUL, WIJSMAN JACOBUS CORNELIS, HOVINGA, ROBERT, PAUL, WIJSMAN, JACOBUS, CORNELIS
Applicants: ALLSEAS GROUP SA, HOVINGA ROBERT PAUL, WIJSMAN JACOBUS CORNELIS, ALLSEAS GROUP S.A., HOVINGA, ROBERT, PAUL, WIJSMAN, JACOBUS, CORNELIS
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F16L1
IPC codes: B23P19, F16L1