Gas tanker

Abstract: A sea-going carrier (1) having at least two cargo tanks (2-5), e.g. for storing liquefied gas, each cargo tank having semi-spherical upper and lower portions (11,12) of the same radius of curvature. At least one of the cargo tanks (2-4) has a cylindrical intermediate portion (10) arranged between the upper and lower portions (11,12) to increase the capacity of the tank.

Description: This invention relates to a sea-going carrier according to the preamble of claim 1. The carrier is particularly, but not exclusively, intended for transporting liquefied gas, for example liquefied natural gas (LNG), contained in the cargo tanks. In carriers used at sea for transporting LNG, the liquefied gas is normally enclosed in large spherical tanks having a diameter of about 40 m. Manufacturing methods and structures for such spherical tanks are disclosed, for example, in US-A-5484098, US-A-5441196 and EP-A-0708326. In a known LNG-carrier a number, usually from 3 to 6, of spherical tanks are arranged in a line in front of the bridge of the carrier. The tanks are made as large as possible within the limits of the dimensions of the carrier and, accordingly, the upper parts of the tanks are at a relatively high level and obstruct the forward line of sight from the bridge. For reasons of transport economy it is desirable to maximize the cargo capacity. However the dimensions of the carrier are limited by the route it has to take and the loading and unloading ports to be visited. Hence, it is not usually possible to increase the number of LNG storage tanks. Instead the capacity of the LNG transported can only be increased by changing the size of the cargo tanks, which also meets practical restrictions. If a tank manufacturer has production means for manufacturing a spherical tank of a certain size, manufacture of spherical tanks of different radii of curvature would require a large investment since forming moulds, assembly jigs and auxiliary means for welding, etc. all have to be designed for a specific size of spherical tank. Producing spherical tanks of different size or curvature, as suggested in EP-A-0422752, would therefore be unreasonably expensive. The object of the invention is to provide a sea-going carrier for transporting materials such as liquefied gas, e.g. LNG, having a temperature of about -163°C, or liquefied petrol gas (LPG), being transported at a somewhat higher temperature, in which carrier the load capacity of cargo tanks carrying the materials to be transported is substantially increased without the need to substantially change the production means used for manufacturing a certain size of spherical or part-spherical tank. The object of the invention is obtained in the manner stated in the ensuing claim 1. Because the curvature of the part-spherical portions of the tanks remains unchanged in the upper and the lower portions of an enlarged tank, increasing the cargo capacity of the tanks according to the invention does not require large investments. Neither does the invention adversely affect the strength of the carrier, nor its main dimensions nor the forward line of vision from the bridge. By means of the invention, the cargo capacity of a typical four cargo tank LNG-carrier (length approximately 289 m, beam approximately 48 m) may be increased by at least 10%, that is by approximately 15000 cubic meters. Despite this it is not necessary to extensively modify the hull of the carrier. Furthermore, the manufacture of a tank with a relatively short cylindrical intermediate portion between two semi-spherical portions is relatively simple. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the axial length of the cylindrical intermediate portion of the or each tank is from 2% to 15%, preferably from 4% to 8%, of its diameter. Keeping the dimensions of the cylindrical intermediate portion within this range normally excludes unexpected strength problems. The cylindrical intermediate portion is preferably placed on top of the equatorial profile element, which, in this case, is connected to the upper edge of the lower portion of the tank and supports, via a support flange of the equatorial profile element, the entire tank. The equatorial profile is, in turn carried by supporting structures in the hull of the carrier. These structures do not have to be greatly modified except for certain dimensional modifications to obtain the necessary strength required by the increased tank load. It is recommended that the semi-spherical portions of the cargo tanks have an inner radius of at least 15 m, preferably at least approximately 20 m. This corresponds to present day tank manufacturing technology so that no surprising difficulties are to be expected. In an LNG-carrier, the cargo tanks are situated longitudinally in a line in front of the bridge of the carrier. If the front tank is a conventional spherical tank, then higher tanks can be placed closer to the bridge, without obstructing the forward vision from the bridge. The tank with the greatest height is preferably placed closest to the bridge. If the tanks behind the front tank are provided with cylindrical intermediate portions of different height, it is of advantage to arrange the tanks so that the lower tanks are in front of the higher tanks. Such an arrangement maximizes the cargo capacity of the carrier without adversely affecting the forward line of vision from the bridge. It is of advantage to optimize the use of material in cargo tank manufacture so that the plate thickness of the cylindrical intermediate portion is greater than the plate thickness used in the upper portion of the tank and smaller than the plate thickness used in the lower portion of the tank. The tanks are preferably made of aluminium plates. Thinner plates are normally used in the upper portion of a tank than in its lower portion, because the tank contents cause different loads at different levels. The plate thickness of the thinner plates is normally at least 20 mm, preferably at least 30 mm. The thickness of the plates may vary also within the area of the semi-spherical tank portion, so that thinner plates are used within higher tank zones. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 schematically shows an LNG-carrier according to the invention with four cargo tanks; Figure 2 schematically shows, partly in section, the cargo tank closest to the bridge of the carrier shown in Figure 1; and Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the sectioned area of Figure 2. In the drawings, 1 indicates a carrier according to the invention for transporting liquefied gas, for example LNG, and having a length of almost 300 m. The carrier has a conventional ship's bridge 7, from where the carrier is manouvered. Cargo tanks 2, 3, 4 and 5 are arranged in a row in front of the bridge 7. The front tank 5, closest to the bow 6 of the carrier 1, is a conventional spherical tank. The cargo tanks 2, 3 and 4 are each provided with a cylindrical intermediate portion of different height. All the cargo tanks have a conventional heat insulating layer (not shown in detail). Chain line 8 shows the lowest forward line of sight from the bridge 7, which is of a conventional height, over the upper surfaces of the cargo tanks. The tanks 2-5 have cargo loading and unloading devices 9 at their upper portions which do not substantially hinder the line of sight. Although the height of each of the tanks 2, 3 and 4 is, as shown, increased by means of a cylindrical intermediate portion, none of these tanks blocks the line of sight 8. Figure 2 shows the largest cargo tank 2 which has a cylindrical intermediate portion 10 with a height of about 5 m. The intermediate portion 10 is in the form of a substantially cylindrical, annular plate which is advantageous with respect to the strength, as well as the manufacture, of the tank. The tank 2 has a semi-spherical top or upper portion 11 and a similarly sized semi-spherical bottom or lower portion 12 manufactured from thicker plates. Both the upper portion 11 and lower portion 12 are manufactured from welded together aluminium plates. Figure 3 shows that the cylindrical intermediate portion 10 is positioned between the upper edge 13' of a conventional equatorial profile 13 and the lower edge 11' of the upper portion 11 of the tank and is connected to these by welding. The height of the equatorial profile 13 is typically about 1 m and for strength reasons its maximum thickness, at the position of a support flange 15 of the profile, is typically about 170 mm. Because of this relatively large thickness, the height of the equatorial profile 13 is usually minimized so as to make the machining and bending of the profile easier. The inner diameter of the intermediate portion 10 is equal to the inner diameter of the upper edge 13' of the equatorial profile 13 and to the inner diameter of the lower edge 11' of the upper portion 11 of the tank. This enables favourable welded joints between the intermediate portion 10 and the rest of the tank. The support flange 15 is supported by a supporting structure 14 in the hull of the carrier. The invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed but several modifications thereof are feasible, including variations which have features equivalent to, but not literally within the meaning of, features in any of the ensuing claims.

Claims: A sea-going carrier (1) including at least two cargo tanks (2, 3, 4, 5), each cargo tank having substantially semi-spherical upper and lower portions (11, 12), and an equatorial profile (13) forming an element to which supporting means of the tank (2) are connected, the upper portions and the lower portions of the cargo tanks having substantially the same radius of curvature, characterised in that at least one of the cargo tanks (2-4) has a cylindrical intermediate portion (10) positioned between and interconnecting the upper and lower portions (11,12) of the tank and the equatorial profile (13). A carrier (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the height of the or each cylindrical intermediate portion (10) is from 2% to 15%, preferably from 4% to 8%, of its diameter. A carrier according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the or each intermediate portion (10) is positioned between its associated upper portion (11) and its associated equatorial profile (13). A carrier (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that each semi-spherical portion (11,12) of each of the cargo tanks (2,3,4,5) has an inner radius of at least 15 m, preferably at least 20 m. A carrier (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier (1) has a bridge (7) and in that the cargo tanks (2,3,4,5) are arranged in a row along the length of the carrier in front of the bridge (7), whereby the foremost tank (5) has the smallest height and the rearmost tank (2) nearest the bridge (7) has the greatest height. A carrier (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that one of the tanks (5) is smaller than the other tanks (2-4) and has no intermediate portion. A carrier (1) according to claim 5 or claim 6 when dependent on claim 5, characterised in that there are at least two tanks (2-4) having cylindrical intermediate portions (10), in that the cylindrical intermediate portions (10) have different axial lengths and in that the tanks (2,3,4,) are arranged in order of their heights in said row. A carrier (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thickness of the or each cylindrical intermediate portion (10) of a tank is greater than the plate thickness of the upper portion (11) and less than the plate thickness of the lower portion (12) of the tank. A ship (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that each cargo tank (2,3,4,5) is made of aluminium plates of different thickness, each plate having a thickness of at least 20 mm, preferably at least 30 mm.

Inventors: GUSTAFSSON JUKKA, LINJA JUKKA, MAEKINEN JARMO, GUSTAFSSON, JUKKA, LINJA, JUKKA, MAEKINEN, JARMO, MÄKINEN, Jarmo
Applicants: KVAERNER MASA YARDS OY, KVAERNER MASA-YARDS OY
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B63B25
IPC codes: B63B25, F17C13