Work area limitation control system for construction machine

Abstract: A second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b sets a second entrance forbidden area positioned closer to a front device 1A than a first entrance forbidden area. A slowdown control calculating portion 9e calculates distances Lj1, Lj 5 between monitoring points P1, P5 and the second and first entrance forbidden areas and modifies operation signals (pilot pressures) depending on relation of the calculated distances with respect to a slowdown distance Lj such that slowdown command signals K BU , K bd , K AC , K AD are all set to 1 if Lj1 ≥ Lj and Lj5 ≥ Lj, K BU = Lj1/Lj, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD = 1 are set if Lj1 < Lj and Lj5 ≥ Lj, K BU = Lj5/Lj, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD = Lj5/Lj are set if Lj1 ≥ Lj and Lj5 < Lj, and K BU = min ( Lj1, Lj5)/Lj, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD = Lj5/K are set if Lj1 < Lj and Lj5 < Lj.

Description: The invention relates to construction machine equipped with a work area limitation control system having a multi-articulated front device such as an arm, a boom and a bucket. In common hydraulic excavators, a multi-articulated working device (front device) is constructed by attaching a boom to a front portion of an upper structure and connecting an arm and a bucket to a tip end of the boom tandem in the order named. Such work as digging and loading is carried out by controlling flexion movement of the working device. Meanwhile, in some job sites of hydraulic excavators, there is an obstacle above or in front of the excavator. An overhead obstacle is, e.g., a mid-air electric wire in outdoor work and the ceiling of a structure in indoor work. When the job site is, e.g., a residential area partitioned into narrow plots, a wall of a private house or the like often exists in front of the excavator, thus posing an obstacle in the front. During work, an operator must pay close attention so that part of a working device, e.g., a bucket prong, will not contact or catch such an obstacle, and this imposes a great burden on the operator. To cope with the above problem, the JP-A-3-208923 discloses, that in advance an entrance forbidden area is set at an upper level and an actuator slowdown area is set at a level lower than the entrance forbidden area. When any one of tip end positions of front members making up a working device which is at the highest level enters the slowdown area, the operating speed of actuators is reduced to slow down the working device, and further when it reaches the entrance forbidden area, the operation of the actuators is ceased to stop the working device. Any part of the working device is thereby prevented from contacting an overhead obstacle. Also, the JP-A-3-217523 discloses an invention that, to prevent a working device from interfering a cab, an entrance forbidden area is set in advance and, when a tip end of the working device reaches the entrance forbidden area, the operation of actuators is ceased to stop the working device. However, the foregoing prior art has problems below. An operator engaged in field work does not like that the operation of all actuators is suddenly stopped or the operating speed thereof is abruptly reduced during the work. The reason is that a sudden stop of the operation or an abrupt reduction in the operating speed of all actuators would lower maneuverability and reduce working efficiency. When the foregoing prior art is practiced in work requiring the working device to be moved into the vicinity of the entrance forbidden area, the operation of all actuators is suddenly stopped when the working device reaches the entrance forbidden area. Therefore, each time reaching the entrance forbidden area, the working device is completely stopped during the work, which results in a remarkable reduction in maneuverability and working efficiency. Further, in the case of the slowdown area being set, the operating speed of actuators is reduced in the vicinity of the entrance forbidden area, which also results in a reduction in maneuverability and working efficiency. GB 2 243 359 A discloses an Excavation Machine (EM) comprising a machine body, a multiarticulated front device, a plurality of hydrauic actuators, a plurality of operating means and a plurality of flow control valves driven in accordance with operation signals input. The control/operating system ceases the supply of the hydraulic fluid to the actuators to stop the front end device when reaching a preset forbidden area. The control/security system comprises means for setting parameters for forbidden areas and signal modifying means for modifying the input from the operating means for the front end device and thus stopping parts of the front end device or reducing speed of these parts. The problem to be solved by the present invention may therefore be regarded as to increase the flexibility of the safety system in that the entrance forbidden areas (EFA) can be modified through calculation and setting means. This problem has been solved by the features of claim 1. The control system comprises entrance forbidden area setting means for setting a second entrance forbidden area positioned closer to the front device than the first entrance forbidden area, and first operation signal modifying means for modifying the operation signals input from the operating means for the first and second front members such that immediately before a first monitoring point set on the second front member enters the second entrance forbidden area, the first front member is stopped, but the second front member is kept allowed to move. With the feature set forth above, the first operation signal modifying means is provided to modify the operation signals input from the operating means such that when the first monitoring point set on the second front member is going to enter the second entrance forbidden area, the first front member is stopped immediately before the entrance, but the second front member is kept allowed to move. Therefore, when the first monitoring point reaches the boundary of the second entrance forbidden area, the first front member is stopped, but the second front member is kept freely movable. As a result, a deterioration of maneuverability is suppressed. Further, because of the second entrance forbidden area being set to position closer to the front device than the first entrance forbidden area, by properly setting a distance between the boundaries of both the entrance forbidden areas, any part of the front device is avoided from entering the first entrance forbidden area even when the second front member is moved after the first front member has stopped and, therefore, a contact between the front device and an obstacle is prevented. (2) In the above (1), preferably, the first operation signal modifying means modifies the operation signal input from the operating means for the first front member such that when the first monitoring point comes close to the second entrance forbidden area, the first front member is slowed down. By so slowing down the first front member by the first operation signal modifying means, the first front member is smoothly stopped immediately before entering the second entrance forbidden area. It is therefore possible to abate an overshooting of the first front member and a shock produced upon stoppage thereof. Also, while the first front member is brought under the slowdown control, the second front member remains freely movable unless it is per se brought under the slowdown control. As a result, a deterioration of maneuverability is suppressed to the least. (3) In the above (1), preferably, the control system further comprises second operation signal modifying means for modifying the operation signals input from the operating means for the first and second front members such that immediately before a second monitoring point set on the front device enters the first entrance forbidden area, the first and second front members are both stopped. By so further providing the second operation signal modifying means and stopping both the first and second front members immediately before the second monitoring point enters the first entrance forbidden area, the front device is avoided from entering the first entrance forbidden area. (4) In the above (3), preferably, the second operation signal modifying means modifies the operation signals input from the operating means for the first and second front members such that when the second monitoring point comes close to the first entrance forbidden area, the first and second front members are both slowed down. By so slowing down the first and second front members by the second operation signal modifying means, the first and second front member are smoothly stopped immediately before entering the second and first entrance forbidden areas, respectively. It is therefore possible to abate overshootings of the first and second front members and shocks produced upon stoppage thereof. (5) In the above (1), preferably, the first and second front members are adjacent front members articulated with each other such that the second front member is pivotable relative to the first front member. (6) In the above (1), by way of example, the first and second front members are a boom and an arm of a hydraulic excavator. (7) In the above (1), preferably, the entrance forbidden area setting means sets the second entrance forbidden area to be spaced from the first entrance forbidden area by a distance enough to prevent any part of the second front member from entering the first entrance forbidden area when the second front member is moved in a condition where the first monitoring point is positioned on a boundary of the second entrance forbidden area. By so setting the second entrance forbidden area, any part of the front device is avoided from entering the first entrance forbidden area even when the second front member is moved in such a condition. (8) In the above (1), by way of example, the plurality of operating means are of hydraulic pilot type outputting pilot pressures as the operation signals, and the first operation signal modifying means includes pilot pressure modifying means for reducing the pilot pressure output from the operating means for the first front member down to a reservoir pressure immediately before the first monitoring point enters the second entrance forbidden area. (9) Also in the above (2), by way of example, the plurality of operating means are of hydraulic pilot type outputting pilot pressures as the operation signals, and the second operation signal modifying means includes pilot pressure modifying means for reducing the pilot pressures output from the operating means for the first and second front members down to a reservoir pressure immediately before the second monitoring point enters the first entrance forbidden area. (10) In the above (8) and (9), preferably, the pilot pressure modifying means includes electric pressure reducing valves disposed in pilot lines for transmitting the pilot pressures output from the operating means for the first and second front members to the associated flow control valves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a work area limitation control system for a construction machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention, along with a hydraulic drive system thereof. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a hydraulic excavator to which the first embodiment is applied. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing details of a control lever unit of hydraulic pilot type. Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram showing control functions of a control unit according to the first embodiment. Fig. 5 is a view for explaining a method of setting a coordinate system and an area for use in the work area limitation control system of the first embodiment. Fig. 6 is a view showing first and second entrance forbidden areas and corresponding slowdown areas for use in the work area limitation control system of the first embodiment. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between a distance from a monitoring point to the entrance forbidden area and a slowdown command signal in a slowdown control calculating portion. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between a pilot pressure and a cylinder speed in a maximum pilot pressure calculating portion. Fig. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between a pilot pressure and a current value output to an electric pressure reducing valve in a valve command calculating portion. Fig. 10 is a flowchart showing processing procedures of the control unit. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a work area limitation control system for a construction machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention, along with a hydraulic drive system thereof. Fig. 12 is a functional block diagram showing control functions of a control unit according to the second embodiment. Fig. 13 is a view showing first and second entrance forbidden areas and set distances for use in the work area limitation control system of the second embodiment. Fig. 14 is a flowchart showing processing procedures of the control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a hydraulic excavator, will be described below with reference to Figs. 1 to 10. Note that the first embodiment is adapted for overhead area limitation control. In Fig. 1, a hydraulic excavator to which the present invention is applied includes a hydraulic drive system comprising a hydraulic pump 2, a plurality of hydraulic actuators driven by a hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump 2, including a boom cylinder 3a, an arm cylinder 3b, a bucket cylinder 3c, a swing motor 3d, and left and right track motors 3e, 3f, a plurality of control lever units 4a - 4f associated respectively with the hydraulic actuators 3a - 3f, a plurality of flow control valves 5a - 5f connected between the hydraulic pump 2 and the plurality of hydraulic actuators 3a - 3f and driven in accordance with operation signals input from the control lever units 4a - 4f for controlling flow rates of the hydraulic fluid supplied to the hydraulic actuators 3a - 3f, and a relief valve 6 made open when a pressure between the hydraulic pump 2 and the flow control valves 5a - 5f exceeds a preset value. Also, the hydraulic excavator comprises, as shown in Fig. 2, a multi-articulated working device, i.e., a front device 1A, made up of a boom 1a, an arm 1b and a bucket 1c which are each pivotable in the vertical direction, and a vehicle (machine) body 1B consisted of an upper structure 1d and an undercarriage 1e. The boom 1a of the front device 1A is supported at its base end to a front portion of the upper structure 1d. The boom 1a, the arm 1b, the bucket 1c, the upper structure 1d and the undercarriage 1e are driven respectively by the boom cylinder 3a, the arm cylinder 3b, the bucket cylinder 3c, the swing motor 3d, and the left and right track motors 3e, 3f. The control lever units 4a - 4f are of hydraulic pilot type and produce respective pilot pressures to drive the associated flow control valves 5a - 5f. As shown in Fig. 3, the control lever units 4a - 4f each comprise a control lever 40 operated by an operator, and a pair of pressure reducing valves 41, 42 producing a pilot pressure depending on the amount and the direction by and in which the control lever 40 is operated. The pairs of pressure reducing valves 41, 42 have primary ports connected to a pilot pump 43 and secondary ports connected to hydraulic driving sectors 50a, 50b; 51a, 51b; 52a, 52b; 53a, 53b; 54a, 54b; 55a, 55b of the associated flow control valves through respective pilot lines 44a, 44b; 45a, 45b; 46a, 46b; 47a, 47b; 48a, 48b; 49a, 49b. A work area limitation control system of this embodiment is equipped on the hydraulic excavator constructed as described above. The limitation control system comprises a setting device 7 for instructing setting of an area where the front device 1A should not enter (hereinafter referred to as a first entrance forbidden area) in advance depending on the type of work to be performed, angle sensors 8a, 8b, 8c disposed at respective pivot points, i.e., articulated joints, of the boom 1a, the arm 1b and the bucket 1c for detecting respective rotational angles as status variables in relation to the position and attitude of the front device 1A, a control unit 9 for receiving a setting signal from the setting device 7 and detection signals from the angle sensors 8a, 8b, 8c and then outputting electric signals as command signals for limiting a work area of the front device 1A, and proportional solenoid valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b driven by the electric signals output from the control unit 9. The proportional solenoid valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b are disposed respectively in the pilot lines 44a, 44b, 45a, 45b and reduce the pilot pressures produced by the associated control lever units 4a, 4b in accordance with the respective electric signals input thereto, followed by outputting the reduced pilot pressures. The setting device 7 is to output, to the control unit 9, a setting signal for instructing setting of an entrance forbidden area through input means, such as a switch, provided on a control panel or a grip. The control panel may also include thereon other aid means such as a display. Alternatively, a setting signal may be applied to the control unit 9 in any other suitable manner such as using IC cards, bar codes, lasers or wireless communication. Control functions of the control unit 9 are shown in Fig. 4. The control unit 9 has functions executed by a first entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9a, a second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b, a limit value storing memory portion 9c, a front attitude calculating portion 9d, a slowdown control calculating portion 9e, a maximum cylinder speed calculating portion 9f, a maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g, a valve command calculating portion 9h, and a current output portion 9i. The first entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9a sets and calculates, in response to the instruction from the setting device 7, the first entrance forbidden area where the front device 1A should not enter. One example of this function will be described with reference to Fig. 5. In Fig. 5, a plurality of monitoring points P1 - P5 are set on the front device 1A at predetermined positions beforehand. The operator starts operation to move up the front device 1A to a height at which an overhead limit is to be set. Under this condition, in response to the instruction from the setting device 7, respective heights P1z - P5z of the monitoring points P1 - P5 are calculated and maximum one of the calculated values is set as a boundary value (P cz1 ) of the first entrance forbidden area. In the illustrated example, the monitoring point P2 set at a rear end of the arm 1b is at the highest level and, therefore, the height P2z of the monitoring point P2 is set as a boundary value (P cz1 ) of the first entrance forbidden area. Note that the values of P1z to P5z are calculated in the front attitude calculating portion 9d. The second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b calculates a boundary value (P cz2 ) of a second entrance forbidden area from the boundary value (P cz1 ) of the first entrance forbidden area calculated by the first entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9a. The calculation formula used here is below; P cz2 = P cz1 - LA4 where LA4 is a distance from the monitoring point P1 to the monitoring point P2 set at the rear end of the arm 1b. The monitoring point P1 is set at the pivot point between the boom 1a and the arm 1b. The limit value storing memory portion 9c stores the boundary values P cz1 , P cz2 calculated by the first and second entrance forbidden area calculating portions 9a, 9b. The front attitude calculating portion 9d calculates a position and attitude of the front device 1A based on the rotational angles of the boom, the arm and the bucket detected by the angle sensors 8a - 8c and other such data as respective dimensions LA1, LA2, LA3, LA4, LB1, LV1, LV2, LV3 of the front device 1A and the vehicle body 1B, shown in Fig. 5, which are stored in a storage of the control unit 9 beforehand. At this time, the position and attitude of the front device 1A is determined as coordinate values of an XZ-coordinate system with the pivot point of the boom 1a, for example, being at the origin. The XZ-coordinate system is a rectangular coordinate system fixed on the vehicle body 1B and lying in a vertical plane. In the setting process of the first entrance forbidden area by the calculating portion 9a, the front attitude calculating portion 9d calculates respective values of the monitoring points P1 - P5 as Z-coordinate values in the XZ-coordinate system, and sets maximum one of the calculated values as the boundary value (Z-coordinate value = P cz1 ) of the first entrance forbidden area. Further, during the operation of the hydraulic excavator, the front attitude calculating portion 9d continues to calculate respective positions of the monitoring points P1 - P5. This embodiment uses the two monitoring points P1, P5 in calculation for overhead limit control. The monitoring point P1 is set at the pivot point between the boom 1a and the arm 1b, as mentioned above, and the monitoring point P5 is set at the highest point on a circle having a radius LV1 (distance from a bucket pin to a bucket tip end) about the pivot center (bucket pin) of the bucket 1c. The Z-coordinate values of the monitoring points P1 - P5 calculated by the front attitude calculating portion 9d are determined based on rotational angles α, β, γ and the respective dimensions shown in Fig. 5, which are stored in the storage, by using formulae below; P 1z = - LB1 sinα P 2z = LA2 sin(α + β) + LA3 cos(α + β) - LB1 sinα P 3z = - LV1 sin(α + β + γ) - LA1 sin(α + β) - LB1 sinα P 4z = - LV2 sin(α + β + γ) + LA3 cos(α + β + γ) - LA1 sin(α + β) - LB1 sinα P 5z = - LA1 sin(a + β) - LB1 sinα + LV1 where α, β, γ are positive in the clockwise direction as indicated by arrow in Fig. 5. The slowdown control calculating portion 9e calculates slowdown command signals K BU , K BD for the boom cylinder 3a in the extending and contracting directions thereof and K AC , K AD for the arm cylinder 3b in the extending and contracting directions thereof based on the Z-coordinate values P1z, P5z of the monitoring points P1, P5 calculated by the front attitude calculating portion 9d, the boundary values P cz1 , P cz2 of the first and second entrance forbidden areas stored in the limit value storing memory portion 9c, a distance (hereinafter referred to as a slowdown distance) Lj indicating the extent of a slowdown area, and a slowdown function (described later), the slowdown distance Lj and the slowdown function being both stored in the storage of the control unit 9. This calculation process will be described below in more detail with reference to Fig. 6. First, the calculating portion 9e calculates a distance Lj1 between the monitoring point P1 and the second entrance forbidden area, and a distance Lj5 between the monitoring point P5 and the first entrance forbidden area. Then, the slowdown command signals are determined as follows. (1) If the distances Lj1, Lj5 are both not less than the slowdown distance Lj (i.e., Lj1 ≥ Lj and Lj5 ≥ Lj), the slowdown command signals K BU , K BD , K AC , K AD are all set to one (1). Thus: K BU = 1 K BD = 1 K AC = 1 K AD = 1 (2) If Lj1 < Lj and Lj5 ≥ Lj, K BU , K BD , K AC and K AD are determined with the following formulae: K BU = Lj1/Lj K BD = 1 K AC = 1 K AD = 1 (3) If Lj1 ≥ Lj and Lj5 < Lj, K BU , K BD , K AC and K AD are determined with the following formulae: K BU = Lj5/Lj K BD = 1 K AC = 1 K AD = Lj5/Lj (4) If Lj1 < Lj and Lj5 < Lj, K BU , K BD , K AC and K AD are determined with the following formulae: K BU = min(Lj1, Lj5)/Lj K BD = 1 K AC = 1 K AD = Lj 5/Lj The above formulae are represented in the graphic form in Fig. 7. In graphs of Fig. 7, Fig. 7(a) represents the case of the above (2), Fig. 7(b) represents the case of the above (3), and Fig. 7(c) represents the case of the above (4), respectively. In the case of the above (2), as shown in Fig. 7(a), the slowdown command signal K BU is linearly reduced from 1 as the distance Lj1 reduces within the extent of the slowdown distance Lj, and then becomes nil (0) at the distance Lj1 = P cz2 , i.e., when the monitoring point P1 reaches the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area. Stated otherwise, when the monitoring point P1 enters the slowdown area, the operation of the boom cylinder 3a in the extending direction (boom-up operation) is slowed down, and when the monitoring point P1 reaches the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area, the boom-up operation is stopped. The other slowdown command signals K BD , K AC , K AD remain 1 so that the arm 1b is kept freely movable. In the case of the above (3), as shown in Fig. 7(b), the slowdown command signals K BU , K AD are linearly reduced from 1 as the distance Lj5 reduces within the extent of the slowdown distance Lj, and then become 0 at the distance Lj5 = P cz1 , i.e., when the monitoring point P5 reaches the boundary P cz1 of the first entrance forbidden area. Stated otherwise, when the monitoring point P5 enters the slowdown area, the operation of the boom cylinder 3a in the extending direction (boom-up operation) and the operation of the arm cylinder 3b in the contracting direction (arm dumping operation) are both slowed down, and when the monitoring point P5 reaches the boundary P cz1 of the first entrance forbidden area, the boom-up operation and the arm dumping operation are both stopped. In the case of the above (4), as shown in Fig. 7(c), the slowdown command signal K BU is given by a smaller value of the slowdown command signals calculated in the above two cases (2) and (3), and the slowdown command signal K AD is given by the same value as calculated in the above case (3). Stated otherwise, after the monitoring point P1 has reached the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area, the slowdown command signal K BU is kept at 0 so that the boom 3a will not move up above a level of the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area, whereas only the operation of the arm cylinder 3b in the contracting direction (arm dumping operation) is slowed down. The maximum cylinder speed calculating portion 9f calculates maximum cylinder speeds V BU max c , V BD max c of the boom extending and contracting operations during slowdown and maximum cylinder speeds V AC max c , V AD max c of the arm extending and contracting operations during slowdown based on maximum cylinder speeds V BU max, V BD max in the boom extending and contracting directions and maximum cylinder speeds V AC max, V AD max in the arm extending and contracting directions which are stored in the control unit 9 beforehand, as well as the above slowdown command signals K BU , K BD , K AC , K AD . The calculation formulae used here are below: V BU max c = K BU x V BU max V BD max c = K BD x V BD max V AC max c = K AC x V AC max V AD max c = K AD x V AD max The maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g calculates maximum load pressures P BU max c , P BD max c for the boom extending and contracting operations during slowdown and maximum load pressures P AC max c , P AD max c for the arm extending and contracting operations during slowdown based on V BU max c , V BD max c , V AC max c , V AD max c calculated by the maximum cylinder speed calculating portion 9f and tables indicating the relationships between pilot pressures and cylinder speeds, as shown in Fig. 8, which are stored in the control unit 9 beforehand . The valve command calculating portion 9h calculates electric signals i BU , i BD , i AC , i AD for the electric pressure reducing valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b for restricting speeds of the boom extending and contracting operations and the arm extending and contracting operations based on P BU max c , P BD max c , P AC max c , P AD max c calculated by the maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g and tables indicating the relationship between a pilot pressure and a current value, as shown in Fig. 9, which is stored in the control unit 9 beforehand. The current output portion 9i outputs current values corresponding to i BU , i BD , i AC , i AD to the electric pressure reducing valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, respectively. Here, the maximum pilot pressures P BU max c , P BD max c , P AC max c , P AD max c during slowdown calculated by the maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g when the slowdown command signals calculated by the slowdown control calculating portion 9e are K BU = 1, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD = 1, are set to maximum pilot pressures (rated pilot pump pressures) and the command electric values i BU , i BD , i AC , i AD calculated at this time are meant to fully open the electric pressure reducing valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. Also, when K BU = 0, K BD = 0, K AC = 0 and K AD = 0 hold, the maximum pilot pressures P BU max c , P BD max c , P AC max c , P AD max c during slowdown are made 0 and the command electric values i BU , i BD , i AC , i AD calculated at this time are meant to fully close the electric pressure reducing valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. The flow of the foregoing control process is shown in a flowchart of Fig. 10. In Fig. 10, steps 400, 410 correspond to the front attitude calculating portion 9d, steps 200, 500 - 550 correspond to the slowdown control calculating portion 9e, step 600 corresponds to the maximum cylinder speed calculating portion 9f, steps 700, 710 correspond to the maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g, step 800 corresponds to the valve command calculating portion 9h, and steps 900, 910 correspond to the current output portion 9i. Furthermore, steps 300 - 320 represent initialization for the sake of safety. In the above arrangement, supposing that the boom 1a is a first front member and the arm 1b is a second front member, the control lever units 4a - 4f constitute a plurality of operating means for instructing the operation of a plurality of front members, the monitoring point P1 corresponds to a first monitoring point set on the second front member, and the second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b and the limit value storing memory portion 9c in the control unit 9 cooperatively constitute entrance forbidden area setting means for setting the second entrance forbidden area positioned closer to the front device 1A than the first entrance forbidden area. Also, the angle sensors 8a, 8b, 8c, the proportional solenoid valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, the front attitude calculating portion 9d, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e, the maximum cylinder speed calculating portion 9f, the maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g, the valve command calculating portion 9h, and the current output portion 9i, these portions being in the control unit 9, cooperatively constitute first operation signal modifying means for modifying the operation signals input from the operating means for the first and second front members such that immediately before the first monitoring point set on the second front member enters the second entrance forbidden area, the first front member is stopped, but the second front member is kept allowed to move. Further, as seen from the above description, the first operation signal modifying means also modifies the operation signal input from the operating means for the first front member such that the first front member is slowed down as the first monitoring point comes closer to the second entrance forbidden area. The monitoring point P5 corresponds to a second monitoring point set on the front device 1A, and the angle sensors 8a, 8b, 8c, the proportional solenoid valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, and the front attitude calculating portion 9d, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e, the maximum cylinder speed calculating portion 9f, the maximum pilot pressure calculating portion 9g, the valve command calculating portion 9h, and the current output portion 9i, these portions being in the control unit 9, cooperatively constitute second operation signal modifying means for modifying the operation signals input from the operating means for the first and second front members such that immediately before the second monitoring point set on the front device 1A enters the first entrance forbidden area, the first and second front members are both stopped. Further, as seen from the above description, the second operation signal modifying means also modifies the operation signals input from the operating means for the first and second front members such that the first and second front members are both slowed down as the second monitoring point comes closer to the first entrance forbidden area. In addition, the distance LA4 (i.e., the distance from the monitoring point P1 to the monitoring point P2 set at the rear end of the arm 1b), which is subtracted from the boundary P cz1 of the first entrance forbidden area when the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area is calculated by the second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b, is a distance enough to prevent any part of the second front member from entering the first entrance forbidden area when the second front member is moved in a condition where the first monitoring point is positioned on the boundary of the second entrance forbidden area. The aforesaid entrance forbidden area setting means sets the second entrance forbidden area at a level spaced from the first entrance forbidden area by that distance. The operation of this embodiment thus constructed will now be described below. When the operator manipulates the control lever units 4a, 4b for the boom and the arm in the boom-up direction and in the arm dumping direction, respectively, with an intention of moving the front device 1A upward, pilot pressures are produced in the pilot line 44a on the boom-up side and the pilot line 45b on the arm dumping side, whereupon the flow control valves 5a, 5b are driven to move the corresponding front members, i.e., the boom 1a and the arm 1b. Rotational angles of the boom 1a, the arm 1b and the bucket 1c articulated with each other are detected respectively by the angle sensors 8a - 8c and detection signals are input to the front attitude calculating portion 9d. Based on these input signals, the front attitude calculating portion 9d calculates positions of the monitoring points P1 - P5, and the slowdown control calculating portion 9e calculates a distance Lj1 between the monitoring point p1 and the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area and a distance Lj5 between the monitoring point p5 and the boundary P cz1 of the first entrance forbidden area based on the Z-coordinate values P1z, P5z of the monitoring points P1, P5 calculated by the front attitude calculating portion 9d and the boundary values P cz1 , P cz2 of the first and second entrance forbidden areas stored in the limit value storing memory portion 9c, and then compares the calculated distances Lj1, Lj5 with the slowdown distance Lj to determine whether or not the monitoring points P1, P5 are in the respective slowdown areas. When the front device 1A is not so raised and the monitoring points P1, P5 are far away from the first and second entrance forbidden areas, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e determines, because of Lj1 ≥ Lj and Lj5 ≥ Lj, that the monitoring points P1, P5 are both not in the respective slowdown areas, and produces slowdown command signals of K BU = 1, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD = 1. Therefore, the proportional solenoid valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b are fully opened and the pilot pressures produced by the control lever units 4a, 4b are transmitted, as they are, to the flow control valve 5a for the boom and the flow control valve 5b for the arm, enabling the front device 1A to be moved as manipulated by the operator. When the front device 1A is so raised that one of the monitoring points P1, P5, e.g., the monitoring point P1, reaches the slowdown area, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e determines, because of Lj1 < Lj and Lj5 ≥ Lj, that the monitoring point P1 has entered the slowdown area, and calculates slowdown command signals of K BU < 1, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD = 1 from the formulae shown in the above case (2) (i.e., the relationship shown in Fig. 7(a)) depending on the distance Lj. Therefore, the operation of the boom cylinder 3a in the extending direction, i.e., the boom-up operation, is slowed down, while the arm 1b can be moved freely as manipulated by the operator. When the front device 1A is further raised and the monitoring point P1 reaches the second entrance forbidden area, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e calculates the slowdown command signal K BU to be 0 because of Lj1 = P cz2 , whereby the boom-up operation is stopped. At this time, if the monitoring point P5 does not yet reach the slowdown area, the slowdown command signals K BD , K AC and K AD remain kept at 1, allowing the arm 1b to be moved freely. If the monitoring point P5 is in the slowdown area, the slowdown command signals K BU < 1, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD < 1 are calculated (as described below), whereby the arm 1b is slowed down, but not stopped. Since the second entrance forbidden area is spaced from the first entrance forbidden area by the distance LA4, any part of the arm 1b will not enter the first entrance forbidden area even when the arm 1b is moved after the boom-up operation has been stopped. Returning to the foregoing case, when the other, i.e., P5, of the monitoring points P1, P5 reaches the slowdown area, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e determines, because of Lj1 ≥ Lj and Lj5 < Lj, that the monitoring point P5 has entered the slowdown area, and calculates slowdown command signals of K BU < 1, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD < 1 from the formulae shown in the above case (3) (i.e., the relationship shown in Fig. 7(b)) depending on the distance Lj. Therefore, the operation of the boom cylinder 3a in the extending direction, i.e., the boom-up operation, and the operation of the arm cylinder 3b in the contracting direction, i.e., the arm dumping operation, are both slowed down. Further, when both the monitoring points P1, P5 are in the slowdown area, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e determines, because of Lj1 < Lj and Lj5 < Lj, that both the monitoring points P1, P5 have entered the slowdown area, and calculates slowdown command signals of K BU < 1, K BD = 1, K AC = 1 and K AD < 1 from the formulae shown in the above case (4) (i.e., the relationship shown in Fig. 7(c)) depending on the distance Lj. Therefore, the operation of the boom cylinder 3a in the extending direction, i.e., the boom-up operation, and the operation of the arm cylinder 3b in the contracting direction, i.e., the arm dumping operation, are both slowed down. In this case, since the slowdown command signal K BU is provided by smaller one of the slowdown command signals calculated in the above cases (2) and (3), the slowdown command signal K BU becomes 0 and the boom 3a is prevented from moving up beyond a level of the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area after the monitoring point P1 has reached the boundary P cz2 of the second entrance forbidden area. When only the arm 1b is further raised and the monitoring point P5 reaches the first entrance forbidden area, the slowdown control calculating portion 9e calculates the slowdown command signal K AD to be also 0 because of Lj5 = P cz1 . Therefore, the operation of the arm cylinder 3b in the contracting direction, i.e., the arm dumping operation, is also stopped and hence the front device 1A is completely stopped. With this embodiment, as described above, when the monitoring point P1 reaches the boundary of the second entrance forbidden area, the boom 1a is stopped but the arm 1b is not stopped. As a result, a deterioration of maneuverability can be suppressed to the least. Also, when the monitoring point P1 enters the slowdown area, the boom 1a is slowed down, but the arm 1b remains freely movable unless the monitoring point P5 enters the slowdown area. This also contributes to suppressing a deterioration of maneuverability. Further, since the second entrance forbidden area is set to position closer to the front device than the first entrance forbidden area by the distance LA4, the rear end of the arm 1b (i.e., any part of the front device 1A) will not enter the first entrance forbidden area even when the arm 1b is moved after the boom 1a has stopped and, therefore, the front device 1A is prevented from contacting an obstacle. Moreover, when the monitoring points P1, P5 enter the slowdown areas, the boom 1a and the arm 1b are gradually slowed down and then smoothly stopped immediately before the second entrance forbidden area and the first entrance forbidden area, respectively. As a result, it is possible to abate overshootings of the boom 1a and the arm 1b and shocks produced upon stoppage thereof. Additionally, since the boom 1a and the arm 1b are both stopped immediately before the monitoring point P5 enters the first entrance forbidden area, the front device 1A is completely stopped there and will not enter the first entrance forbidden area. A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 11 to 14. This second embodiment is also adapted for overhead area limitation control. In Figs. 11 to 14, equivalent members and components to those in the above-referred drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. In Fig. 11, a work area limitation control system of this embodiment includes a buzzer 56 in addition to the arrangement of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1. The buzzer 56 is turned on to produce sounds under control of a control unit 9A when a monitoring point set on the front device 1A comes close to a preset entrance forbidden area, thereby informing the operator of the presence of danger. The control unit 9A has control functions as shown in Fig. 12. More specifically, the control unit 9A has functions executed by a first entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9a, a second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b, a limit value storing memory portion 9c, a front attitude calculating portion 9d, an allowance distance calculating portion 9j, a valve command calculating portion 9h, a current output portion 9i, and a buzzer control calculating portion 9m. The functions of the first entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9a, the second entrance forbidden area calculating portion 9b, the limit value storing memory portion 9c, the front attitude calculating portion 9d, the current output portion 9i are the same as described above in connection with the first embodiment. The allowance distance calculating portion 9j calculates a distance Lj1 between the monitoring point P1 and the second entrance forbidden area and a distance Lj5 between the monitoring point P5 and the first entrance forbidden area based on the Z-coordinate values P1z, P5z of the monitoring points P1, P5 calculated by the front attitude calculating portion 9d and the boundary values P cz1 , P cz2 of the first and second entrance forbidden areas stored in the limit value storing memory portion 9c. The valve command calculating portion 9h compares the distances Lj1, Lj5 calculated by the allowance distance calculating portion 9j with preset distances Lm1, Lm5 and, based on the compared results, calculates electric signals i BU , i BD , i AC , i AD to be output to the electric pressure reducing valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b. Here, the distances Lm1, Lm5 are allowance distances with which the front device can be stopped without entering the first and second entrance forbidden areas in spite of a delay in the control system and so on, when the operator returns the control lever units to their neutral positions. The electric signals i BU , i BD , i AC , i AD are calculated as follows. (1) If Lj1 ≥ Lm1 and Lj5 ≥ Lm5; i BU = i MAX i BD = i MAX i AC = i MAX i AD = i MAX where i MAX is a current command value at which the maximum pilot pressure during slowdown is provided by a maximum pilot pressure (rated pilot pump pressure) in Fig. 9, i.e., a current value enabling each of the proportional solenoid valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b to be fully opened. (2) If Lj1 < Lm1 and Lj5 ≥ Lm5; i BU = 0 i BD = i MAX i AC = i MAX i AD = i MAX where i BU = 0 means that the proportional solenoid valve 10a is fully closed. (3) If Lj1 ≥ Lm1 and Lj5 < Lm5: i BU = 0 i BD = i MAX i AC = i MAX i AD = 0 (4) If Lj1 < Lm1 and Lj5 < Lm5: i BU = 0 i BD = i MAX i AC = i MAX i AD = 0 The buzzer control calculating portion 9m compares the distances Lj1, Lj5 calculated by the allowance distance calculating portion 9j with preset distances Lb1, Lb5 and, based on the compared results, calculates an electric signal to be output to the buzzer 56. Here, the distances Lb1, Lb5 are alarm distances used for alarming that the monitoring points P1, P5 have come close to the first and second entrance forbidden areas, respectively, and are set to meet Lb1 > Lm1 and Lb5 > Lm5. The electric signal is calculated as follows. (1) If Lj1 ≥ Lb1 and Lj5 ≥ Lb5, the buzzer 56 is not turned on. (2) If Lj1 < Lb1 and Lj5 < Lb5, the buzzer 56 is turned on to produce sounds intermittently. The flow of the foregoing control process is shown in a flowchart of Fig. 14. In Fig. 14, steps 400, 410 correspond to the front attitude calculating portion 9d, steps 200, 1000 correspond to the allowance distance calculating portion 9j, step 1100, 1110 correspond to the buzzer control calculating portion 9m, steps 1200, 1260 correspond to the valve command calculating portion 9h, and steps 900, 910 correspond to the current output portion 9i. In this embodiment thus constructed, with the second entrance forbidden area for the monitoring point P1 and the first entrance forbidden area for the monitoring point P5 set separately from each other, the boom-up operation is stopped when the monitoring point P1 is at the distance Lm1 from the second entrance forbidden area, but arm stop control is not effected unless the monitoring point P5 reaches the distance Lm5 from the first entrance forbidden area. As a result, a deterioration of maneuverability can be suppressed to the least. Also, the boom operating speed becomes 0 immediately before the monitoring point P1 enters the second entrance forbidden area. But, since the second entrance forbidden area is set at a level lower than the first entrance forbidden area by LA4, the rear end of the arm will not enter the first entrance forbidden area even when the arm is moved after the boom has so stopped. On the other hand, when the monitoring point P5 is at the distance Lm5 from the first entrance forbidden area, the boom and the arm are both controlled to stop, and the operating speeds of both the boom and the arm become 0 immediately before the monitoring point P5 enters the first entrance forbidden area. Therefore, the front device can be stopped without entering the first entrance forbidden area. Further, when the monitoring point P1 is at the distance not larger than Lb1 from the second entrance forbidden area, or when the monitoring point P5 is at the distance not larger than Lb5 from the first entrance forbidden area, the buzzer 56 is turned on to produce intermittent sounds, thereby informing the operator of that the monitoring point P1 or P5 will soon reach the entrance forbidden area. Accordingly, the operator can slow down the actuator by relieving the manipulation grip of the control lever, so that a shock produced upon the actuator being stopped may be abated. It should be noted that the work area limitation control system of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments stated above, but can be modified in various ways. For example, while, in the foregoing embodiments, the angle sensors for detecting the rotational angles are employed as means for detecting the status variables relating to the position and attitude of the front device 1A, cylinder strokes may be detected instead. Also, while the foregoing embodiments have been described in connection with the case of performing the area limitation control over the head, the present invention is also similarly applicable to the case of setting an entrance forbidden area defined by a vertical or inclined boundary in the front of the vehicle body. Likewise, an entrance forbidden area may be set at a low level. Further, while the present invention is practiced in the foregoing embodiments on an assumption that the first front member is a boom and the second front member is an arm, similar advantages can also be achieved with the present invention applied to the case where the first and second front members are an arm and a bucket. Moreover, in the foregoing embodiments, the present invention is applied to a construction machine which is an ordinary hydraulic excavator with a front device having a mono-boom. But, the present invention is also similarly applicable to a hydraulic excavator with a front device having a two-piece boom or a hydraulic excavator with a front device having an offset. In such a case, similar advantages can also be achieved with the present invention applied to two booms of the two-piece boom or one boom of the two-piece boom and an arm in the former case and a boom and an offset or a boom and an arm in the latter case. Additionally, while, in the foregoing embodiments, the present invention is applied to a hydraulic drive system in which flow control valves are driven by control lever units of hydraulic pilot type as described, similar advantages can also be achieved with the present invention applied to a hydraulic drive system using electric control lever units. According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent a contact between front members and an obstacle without reducing maneuverability to the extent possible.

Claims: A construction machine equipped with a work area limitation control system, comprising a machine body (1B), a multi-articulated front device (1A) made up of a plurality of front members including first and second front members (1a, 1b) connected to said machine body, said second front member (1b) being operable to reach a position remote from the machine body than said first front member (1a), a plurality of hydraulic actuators (3a, 3b, 3c) for driving said plurality of front members, a plurality of operating means (4a, 4b, 4c) for instructing operations of said plurality of front members, and a plurality of flow control valves (5a, 5b, 5c) driven in accordance with operation signals input from said plurality of operating means for controlling flow rates of a hydraulic fluid supplied to said plurality of hydraulic actuators, said work area limitation control system being configured to allow the movement of said front device by said operating means when a predetermined part of said front device is present between said machine body and a preset first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1) while to stop the movement of said front device when said front device is moved toward said preset first entrance forbidden area and said predetermined part of the front device reaches said preset first entrance forbidden area, wherein said work area limitation control system comprises: entrance forbidden area setting means (9a, 9b, 9c) for setting a second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2) positioned closer to said front device ( lA) than said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1) for partially stopping the movement of said front device toward said first entrance forbidden area, first operation signal modifying means (9e, step 530) for modifying the operation signals input from said operating means (4a, 4b) for said first and second front members (1a, 1b) such that when a first monitoring point (P1) set on said first front member does not enter said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2) and then said operating means (4a) for said first front member (1a) is operated so as to move the first front member toward said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2), said first front member is stopped when said first monitoring point reaches said second entrance forbidden area, and when said operating means (4b) for said second front member (1b) is operated at this time, said second front member is allowed to move so as to enter said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2) toward said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1), and second operation signal modifying means (9e,steps 540, 550) for modifying the operation signals input from said operating means (4a, 4b) for said first and second front members (1a, 1b) such that when a second monitoring point(P5) set with respect to said second front member (1b) does not enter said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1) and then said operating means (4a, 4b) for said first and/or second front members (1a, 1b) are operated so as to move the first and/or second front member toward said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1), said first and/or second front members are stopped when said second monitoring point reaches said first entrance forbidden area. Construction machine according to Claim 1, wherein said first operation signal modifying means (9e; step 530) modifies the operation signal input from said operating means (4a) for said first front member (1a) such that when said first monitoring point (P1) comes close to said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2), said first front member is slowed down. Construction machine according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein said second operation signal modifying means (9e; steps 540, 550) modifies the operation signals input from said operating means (4a, 4b) for said first and second front members (1a, 1b) such that when said second monitoring point (P5) comes close to said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1), said first and second front members (1a, 1b) are both slowed down. Construction machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said first and second front members (1a, 1b) are adjacent front members articulated with each other such that said second front member (1b) is pivotable relative to said first front member (1a). Construction machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said first and second front members (1a, 1b) are a boom (1a) and an arm (1b) of a hydraulic excavator. Construction machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said entrance forbidden area setting means (9a, 9b, 9c) sets said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2) to be spaced from said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1) by a distance enough to prevent an end portion of said second front member (1b) on the side of said first monitoring point (P1) from entering said first entrance forbidden area when said second front member (1b) is moved in a condition where said first monitoring point is positioned on a boundary of said second entrance forbidden area. Construction machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said plurality of operating means (4a, 4b, 4c) are of hydraulic pilot type outputting pilot pressures as said operation signals, and said first operation signal modifying means (9e, step 530) includes pilot pressure modifying means (9f, 9g, 9h, 9i, 10a) for reducing the pilot pressure output from said operating means (4a) for said first front member (1a) down to a reservoir pressure immediately before said first monitoring point (P1) enters said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2). Construction machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said plurality of operating means (4a, 4b, 4c) are of hydraulic pilot type outputting pilot pressures as said operation signals, and said second operation signal modifying means (9e, steps 540, 550) includes pilot pressure modifying means (9f, 9g, 9h, 9i, 10a, 11b) for reducing the pilot pressures output from said operating means (4a, 4b) for said first and second front members (1a, 1b) down to a reservoir pressure immediately before said second monitoring point (P5) enters said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1). Construction machine according to Claim 7 or 8, wherein said pilot pressure modifying means (9f, 9g, 9h, 9i, 10a, 11b) includes electric pressure reducing valves (10a, 11b) disposed in pilot lines for transmitting the pilot pressures output from said operating means (4a, 4b) for said first and second front members (1a, 1b) to the associated flow control valves (5a, 5b). Construction machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said entrance forbidden area setting means (9b) sets said second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2) such that the second entrance forbidden area (Pcz2) is positioned to extend along said first entrance forbidden area (Pcz1).

Inventors: FUJISHIMA KAZUO, HAGA MASAKAZU, WATANABE HIROSHI, FUJISHIMA, KAZUO, HAGA, MASAKAZU, WATANABE, HIROSHI, Fujishima, Kazuo, Hitachikenki Tsukuba-ryo
Applicants: HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY, HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO., LTD.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: E02F9
IPC codes: E02F3, E02F9