APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COLOURING AND/OR FLAVOURING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Abstract: A cask for storing alcoholic beverage is made of a pretreated wooden material, such as oak wood, wherein the method of pre-treatment includes soaking the wood in a salt or compound solution and optionally heating the wood thereafter. It has been found that impregnating the wood with salt extracts or the like is beneficial in respect of flavouring and alcoholic beverage.

Description: Apparatus and Method for Colouring and/or Flavouring Alcoholic Beverages This invention relates to a method for treating cask oak wood or other wood products used to enhance the flavour of alcoholic beverage and furthermore to provide colour improvement of such beverage. Traditionally oak has been used for the manufacture of casks for storing alcoholic beverages, such as spirits and wines. The casks are made from shaped oak wood blocks which may be heat treated to provide particular flavouring and colour characteristics to the beverage which is to be held in the cask. In addition other oak wood products, for example, oak blocks, shavings or extracts have been added to alcoholic beverages to provide particular flavour or colour characteristics. It has been known to treat the oak with metal salts, particularly for the purpose of providing fire retardants. An object of the present invention, however, is to use salt and simple organic compound solutions for the purposes of providing flavour and colour to the alcoholic beverage. According to the invention there is provided a cask for containing alcoholic beverages, the cask being made from wood which has been impregnated with a salt or compound solution. Preferably, the wood is oak. The oak may be provided in the form of wooden blocks which may be soaked in the solution. Preferably also of the wood blocks are heat treated after their soaking in the solution. Also according to the invention there is provided oak wood impregnated with salt extracts for storing, flavouring or colouring alcoholic beverages. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing casks for containing alcoholic beverages, the method including the steps of: a) soaking wood blocks for a period, the length of which is dependant on the degree of colour and flavour change required; and b) heat treating the wood blocks for a period and at a temperature which will develop the required colour and flavour. Also according to the invention the above method may be used in respect of oak wood products used for flavour or colouring alcoholic beverages (e.g. wood shavings, oak blocks or oak extracts). In order to assist the reader in performing the invention, the following example is given. That is, oak wood may'be soaked overnight in a solution of a compound or a solution of a mixture of compounds, in accordance with the invention. By way of example only, the following compounds may be used; calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, iron chloride, sodium sulphate, zinc sulphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and glycine. After the oak wood have been soaked in the solution, it may be toasted at 190"C for 60 minutes. It is preferable although not essential that the toasting of the wood takes place after the soaking process. Similarly, the temperature and time of the toasting process should be similar to that which would be found in a cooperage. Experiments have been conducted using this process in respect of various solutions and the results of the experiment may be seen from the attached table. In the experiment the surface of the blocks were removed to a depth of 3mm and an ethanol/water extract was made of the wood flour. These extracts were presented blind to a sensory panel of 7 people for assessment. They scored the extracts for a flavour aroma (the scores being from 0 to 3) and the main scores are presented in the table attached. Colour of the extracts (at 60% v/v ethanol) were measured with a spectrophotometer at 430nm. It may be seen from the attached table that large differences between the controls (the untreated and heat treated only rows) were observed in respect of both flavour profiles and colour intensity. This is true whether individual compounds in the treatments were employed or where, alternatively, a mixture was employed. It may also be seen from the experiment described above that the use of different salts and solutions may be selected to achieve a desired and predetermined result in respect of colour and flavour. Various flavour aromas may be achieved depending on the choice of solution and thus the invention may be used for a wide variety of alcoholic spirits and wines. The invention provides considerable commercial advantages over processes known herebefore. For example, in some whiskies and other beverages it is very desirable to darken the colour. Previously, this may have been achieved by adding colouring, such as caramel which may be associated with undesirable taste characteristics. The present invention is advantageous over such a process in that it does not require an additive to be provided directly to the beverage itself. Furthermore, the invention is suitable where casks are regenerated. A cask which has been previously used to contain alcoholic beverage may, after use, be shaved, treated (e.g. soaked in a solution) and heat treated. Treatment of a pre-used cask may be simply by filling the cask with a desired salt solution and leaving it to rest for a pre-determined period, such as overnight. Further modifications may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention herein intended. Wood Treatments Mean scores of flavour aromas Colour Compound/toast TIA Burnt sugar Burnt wood Vanilla Buttery Coconut Woody Spicey (EBC units)* Uutreated/untoasted 1.5 08 03 07 04 03 1.5 0.4 30.3 MgSO 4 /190°C, 60 mins 1.6 10 06 06 08 0.0 1.0 0.5 41.3 Untreated/190°C, 60 mins 20 15 09 06 03 0.0 1.4 0.1 42.8 KH 2 PO 4 /190°C, 60 mins. 1.8 13 08 1.4 05 00 0.6 0.9 45.9 Mix*/ϊ90°C, 60 mins 1.5 10 06 1.3 03 0.1 1.6 0.6 51.4 CaCI 2 /l90°C, 60 mins. 2.4 23 11 18 04 03 0.8 0.5 67.6 Urea (CH 4 N 2 O)/I90°C, 60 mins. 2.1 10 15 09 03 0.5 0.3 0.5 71.3 K ; HPO 4 /190°C, 60 mins. 1.4 13 13 10 " 05 0.0 0.8 0.6 83.1 ♦ Mix: MgSO 4 **EBC units: European Brewery Convention - units read at 430nm on a spectrophotometer, multiplied by 25. H 2 PO 4 CaCI: Urea K 2 HPO 4

Claims: Claims 1. A cask for containing alcoholic beverages, the cask being made from wood which has been impregnated with a salt or compound solution. 2. A cask as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the wood is oak. 3. A cask as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the oak is provided in the form of wooden blocks which are soaked in the solution. 4. A cask for containing alcoholic beverages, the casks being made from wood which has been pre- soaked in a salt or compound solution and thereafter heat treated. 5. A method of manufacturing casks for containing alcoholic beverages, the method including the steps of: a) soaking wood blocks for a period, the length of which is dependant on the degree of colour and flavour change required; and b) heat treating the wood blocks for a period and at a temperature which will develop the required colour and flavour. 6. Wood products used for flavour or colouring alcoholic beverages. 7. Wood products as claimed in Claim 6, being in the form of oak wood shavings.

Inventors: REID KENNETH JOHN GIBSON, STEELE GORDON MARK, WARD ANDREW FRANK, REID, KENNETH, JOHN, GIBSON, STEELE, GORDON, MARK, WARD, ANDREW, FRANK
Applicants: REID KENNETH JOHN GIBSON, SCOTCH WHISKY RESEARCH INST, STEELE GORDON MARK, WARD ANDREW FRANK, REID, KENNETH, JOHN, GIBSON, STEELE, GORDON, MARK, THE SCOTCH WHISKY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, WARD, ANDREW, FRANK
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C12G3
IPC codes: C12G3, C12L11