FASTENER MEANS FOR DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLES

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fastener means for absorbent articles, such as pants-type diapers, diapers, incontinence guards or the like, said means consisting in a first and a second fastener element (1, 4) which are intended to be hooked together when donning the article. The first element (1) includes an elastic structure (2) which includes openings (6) and is so constructed that the openings (6) will widen when the elastic structure (2) is stretched and closed together when the elastic structure contracts. The second element (4) includes hook devices (5). When the elastic structure (2) is sufficiently stretched, the hook devices (5) can be inserted into the therewith widened openings (6), wherein subsequent contraction of the elastic structure (2) will cause the first and the second elements (1, 4) to be joined together with the opening (6) surrounding the hook device (5).

Description: TITLE Fastener means for disposable absorbent articles. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fastener means for absorbent articles, such as pants-type diapers, diapers, incontinence guards or like articleε, said fastener means comprising a first and a second fastener element which are intended to be hooked together when donning the article. The invention can also be applied with pants that are intended to support an absorbent insert. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fastener means for dispos¬ able absorbent articles, such as diapers, pants-type diapers, incontinence guards or the like. Disposable absorbent articles of this kind are normally comprised of a liquid- permeable outer sheet, a liquid-impermeable backing sheet and an absorbent core enclosed therebetween. The outer sheet and the backing sheet are normally joined together outside the edges of the absorbent core and together form a casing or envelope. The outer sheet may have the form of elaεtic pants having a waist opening and two leg openings and including an absorbent core and a non-elastic backing sheet. The article iε normally elongated and has a front waist region, a rear waist region and a narrower crotch region situated therebe¬ tween. The article also includes different elastic devices, mainly at the side edges of the crotch region and at the end edges of the waist regions, the purpose of these devices being to improve the fit of the article around the leg openings and around the waist respectively. The article is secured around the waist of the wearer with the aid of fastener means provided at the side edges of the waist regions. These fastener means may, for instance, have the form of adhesive tabs mounted on the side edges of the rear waist region and fastened to the front waist region of the article when the article iε donned. The fastener means may alternatively have the form of mechanical devices, such as touch-and-close fasteners, e.g. Velcro ® fasteners where one pile surface is comprised of hooks and iε fastened to an adapted pile surface comprised of loops. The fastener means may also comprise press studs, other forms of studs, or buttons. The aforesaid conventional fastener means are encumbered with many drawbacks. Conventional fastener means are designed to close the article around the waist of the wearer. Seen generally, typical fastener means are comprised of a receiving element and an adhering element. The receiving element is mounted on each side edge of one waist region, normally the front waist region, and the adhering element iε mounted on each side edge of the opposing waist region. The elements are fastened together and mutually connect the waist regions. When putting-on the article, the adhering element is pressed against the receiving element so that the elements stick together. The pressure is applied at right angleε to the plane of the waist region, i.e. against the wearer's stomach. One advantage afforded by the inventive fastener means iε that the article is closed by deformation of one element parallel with the plane of the waist regions, without subjecting the wearer's body to any appreciable pressure. Conventional fastener means are subjected to large shear forces in use, as a result of wearer body movement. The adhering element is normally fastened to the receiving element while the wearer stands in an upright or lies in a recumbent position. In these positions, both waist regions of the article are situated at generally the same height around the wearer's waist. The receiving element is most often mounted on the front waist-region of the article and the article is therewith closed and fastened in the vicinity of the wearer's stomach. When the wearer is seated, the front waist-region tends to move down and the rear waist-region tendε to move up, which iε a natural conεequence of bending the body. Thiε reεults in the occurrence of large shear forces between the adhering element and the receiving element. An attempt has been made to solve thiε problem, by providing the fastener elements with larger contact surfaceε. A clear advantage afforded by the inventive fastener means is that it is deformable even in a vertical direction and is able to follow the movements of the wearer, by contracting and stretching with no impairment to its faεtening proper¬ tieε. Another drawback with conventional fastener means is that the wearer iε able to release the fastener easily at times which might prove hazardous, by simply tearing the fastener elements apart. This drawback iε alεo eliminated by the inventive faεtener meanε. In order to releaεe an inventive fastener means, it is necessary to subject one fastener element to two forces in two different directions simulta¬ neously, the first direction being parallel with the fastener element and the other direction being away from the wearer's body. Another drawback with conventional fastener means, and then with adhesive tabs in particular, iε that they lose some of their fastening ability when fastened and released repeated- ly, or when coming into contact with skin cream or talcum powder, for instance. Mechanical fastener means are also difficult to locate on the article so as to obtain an optimal fit with regard to wearers of varying anatomies. In order to circumvent this problem, it is often necessary to provide the article with an otherwise unnecessarily wide receiving element, therewith adding considerable cost to the manufac- ture of the article. Excesεively wide touch-and-cloεe fastener surfaces also impair wearer comfort, because they are stiff, difficult to bend, inelastic, and also fasten readily to the wearer's and the nurse's clothing. It is therefore apparent that the fastener meanε of abεorbent articleε, such aε pants-type diapers, diapers, incontinence guards and like articles are in need of significant improve¬ ment. The present invention eliminates all of the aforesaid drawbacks in an effective and efficient manner. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION AND ITS MAIN CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES An inventive fastener means is characterized in that the firεt fastener element comprises at least one elaεtic part which includes at least one opening and which is constructed so that the opening will widen when stretching the elastic part and draw together or close when the elaεtic part retractε; in that the second fastener element includes at least one hook device; in that with the elastic part ade¬ quately stretched, the hook device can be inserted in the therewith widened opening, wherein subεequent εpring-back or contraction of the elaεtic part causes the first and the second fastener elements to couple together with the opening disposed around the hook device. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the firεt fastener element includes a sheet of pliable material. The elaεtic part is comprised of an elastic structure disposed on the pliable sheet. The opening has the form of a continuous or cut or slit or intermittent cuts or slits in the pliable sheet. The elastic structure can be stretched at least transversely to the direction of the slit or slits and at least a part of the elastic structure extends transversely to said slit. The elaεtic εtructure iε comprised of at least one elastic loop or at least one elastic net, having a number of general¬ ly parallel segmentε which can be εtretched at least trans¬ versely to the direction of the slit and which extend trans- versely thereto. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first fastener element is placed in the immediate vicinity of or forms a part of one waist region of the article, preferably the rear waist-region. The article includes a plurality of mutually parallel elastic threads which are tensioned transversely along the whole of the rear waist- region. The first fastener element of the fastener means is obtained by providing narrow slitε between and perpendicular to the threadε, at the side edges of the rear waist-region. As the rear waiεt-region is stretched, the εlitε are widened in the transverse direction of the article and are able to embrace hook devices configured to this end, said devices being disposed on the corresponding side edge of the front waist-region. As the rear waist-region is relaxed, the hook devices will lock into respective slits as the slits close as a result thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of an inventive fastener meanε, and illuεtrateε the functioning of said means. Fig. la illustrateε the fastening means with the fastener elements not connected. The firεt element is stretched and the opening widened. The arrows indicate the applied stretching forces. Fig. lb shows the fastener means with the elements connected. The first element springs back or contracts and the opening closes around the hook deviceε. The arrows indicate the spring-back or contraction forces. Fig. 2 illustrateε a diaper that includeε an inventive fastener means. Fig. 2a shows the diaper in a flat, extended state with the rear side of the diaper facing towards the viewer. A first fastener element iε provided at each side edge of the rear waist-region. The hook devices are mounted on each side edge of the front waist-region. The elastic structure is comprised of an elastic net. Fig. 2b illustrates another embodiment in which a firεt faεtener element iε mounted along the rear waist-region and forms a waist band or belt. The belt includes a slit at each end thereof. The hook devices are mounted at each side edge of the front waist-region. The elastic structure is comprised of an elastic net which extends transversely acrosε the whole of the waist belt. Fig. 2c illustrates the same diaper as that illustrated in Fig. 2b when donned around the wearer's waist (not shown), with the fastener means still not fastened. The first fastener element is shown in a stretched state. Fig. 2d illustrates the same diaper aε that shown in Fig. 2b in use, with the fastener means fastened. The first element is shown in its relaxed, contracted state. Figs. 3 to 5 illustrate three different embodiments of the first fastener element and show the elements in a) a stretched state and b) in a relaxed, contracted state. Fig. 3 (3a and 3b) illuεtrateε a first element where the elaεtic εtructure iε compriεed of an elaεtic loop and the opening has the form of a continuous slit. Fig. 4 (4a and 4b) illustrateε a firεt element where the elaεtic structure is comprised of an elastic loop and the opening has the form of intermittent slits. Fig. 5 (5a, 5b, 5c and 5d) illustrate a firεt element where the elastic structure has the form of an elastic net. Fig. 6 shows the entire fastener means from above, said means including a first fastener element according to Fig. 3 and asεociated hook deviceε. Fig. 6a shows the fastener means with the fastener elements not connected. The first element is shown in a stretched state with the opening widened. The arrows indicate the applied stretching forces. Fig. 6b showε the fastener means with the fastener elements connected. The firεt element springε back and the opening is drawn together around the hook deviceε. The arrowε indicate the εpring-back or contracting forces. Figs. 7a to 7h illustrate eight different embodiments of the hook device. The arrows indicate the direction in which the spring-back or contracted forces in the first element act on the hook device as the faεtener meanε is fastened. Fig. 8 illustrates an inventive fastener means from one side. Fig. 9 illustrates a further embodiment of an inventive fastener meanε, wherein which a pre-tensioned elastic structure iε mounted on a blank. The structure iε mounted intermittently on the blank and generates pleats or puckers in the blank when no load acts thereon, and εmoothenε out the blank when stretched. DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLIFYING EMBODIMENTS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The fastener means illustrated in Figure 1 iε comprised of two mutually adapted elements 1, 4 which can be fastened together and released any number of times without impairing their fastening ability. Seen generally, the firεt element 1 is characterized by its elastic properties and the second element 4 by the hook devices 5. Fastener means construction The first element 1 is comprised of a generally flat, rectangular blank made of pliable material, for instance nonwoven material. The elastic part is comprised of an elastic structure 2 which is mounted on the blank and which can stretch and contract in at least one direction in the plane of the blank, the stretch direction, as shown by the arrows la and lb respec- tively. The blank includes at leaεt one opening or one diεcontinuity in the material. In the caεe of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the first fastener element 1 includeε an elongated εlit 3 which extends continuously transversely to the stretch direction and divides the blank into two separate parts 11 and 12. The elastic εtructure 2 iε compriεed of a plurality of mutually parallel elaεtic devices 21-24, such as threads or bands, which extend transversely to the slit 3 and join the different blank-parts 11, 12 together. The elastic devices 21-24 are preferably mounted on the blank in a stretched state. The blank is puckered together when the elastic devices 21-24 are in their relaxed or contracted state. The puckers are formed transversely to the stretch direction (shown in Figure 9 but not in Figure 1). When the elastic devices 21-24 are in their contracted state, the slit 3 will be closed and the two parts 11, 12 of the blank will lie cloεe to one another, as shown in Figure lb. The elastic structure 2 may alternatively be mounted on the blank in a relaxed state. In this case,, it iε neceεεary for the slit 3 to have a given width also in the relaxed state, since only that part of the structure 2 which extends over the slit 3 can stretch and contract. The first fastener element l of the fastener means shown in Figure 1 is comprised of two parts 11, 12. The part 11 iε attached to the article (not shown) and the part 12 is free. The second fastener element 4 of the fastener means εhown in Figure 1 is comprised of a flat, rectangular blank of pliable material, for instance nonwoven material. In the Figure 1 embodiment, the second fastener element 4 includes a plurali- ty of upstanding, mushroom-like hook devices 5 which are preferably made of a rigid material. The second fastener element 4 of the Figure 1 embodiment is attached to the article (not shown). When closing the faεtening meanε, the free part 12 and the fastener element 1 are pulled out in the stretch direction, as shown by the arrows in Figure la. This widens the slit 3 in the stretch direction, so as to form a gap. A plurality of εquare openingε 6 are created in the gap between said parts 11, 12, in the intervals between the stretched elastic deviceε. The first element 1 is then brought together with the second element 4, so that each of the hook devices 5 will be enclosed in a respective opening 6. The free part 12 of the first element 1 is then releaεed, whereupon the elastic structure 2 contracts and strives to re-close the slit 3. The openings 6 are therewith drawn together around at least part of the stem of the hook devices 5, so as to secure the fastener means. POSITIONING OF THE FASTENER MEANS ON THE ARTICLE Figure 2a illustrates a diaper provided with an inventive fastener means. The diaper is shown in a flat state, prior to being donned. Figure 2a shows the rear side of the diaper (i.e. the side which lieε distal to the wearer in uεe). The diaper has a generally rectangular, elongated shape and includes a front waist-region 7, a rear waist-region 8 and a narrowing crotch region 9 εituated therebetween, the major part of the absorbent core 10 being located in the crotch region. The rear waist-region 8 has an elongated, rectangular εhape and extendε along the rear end-edge of the diaper, transversely to the longitudinal axis thereof. A first fastener element of the fastener means is mounted at each end of the rear waist-region. The front waist-region 7 has an elongated, rectangular shape and extends along the front end-edge of the diaper, trans¬ versely to the longitudinal axis thereof. A second fastener element 4 of said fastener means is mounted at each end of the front waiεt-region. The first element 1 is comprised of a generally flat, rectangular blank made of pliable material, for instance nonwoven material. The blank includes an elastic structure 2 which is able to stretch and contract in at least one direction in the plane of the blank, referred to as the stretch direction, as indicated by the arrowε in Figure 2a. The firεt faεtener element 1 of the fastener meanε shown in Figure 2 includes an elongated slit 3 which extends continu¬ ously transverεely to the stretch direction and divides the blank into two separate parts 11 and 12. The elaεtic εtructure 2 has the form of an elastic net which extends transversely to the slit 3 and unites the different blank-parts 11, 12. The second element 4 of the fastener means shown in Figure 2 has at least one hook device 5. Figure 2b shows a diaper of the same type aε that εhown in Figure 2a, but provided with a different embodiment of an inventive fastener means. A first element 1 of the faεtener means according to Figure 2 extends transversely across the diaper, along the rear waist-region 8. The element 1 is comprised of two end-parts 13, 14 and an intermediate centre part 15. The centre part 15 is joined to the rear waiεt-region and is connected to both end-parts 13 , 14 by an elastic structure 2 (in the illustrated case an elastic net) which extends along the element. The centre part 15 may consist in the rear waist-region 8 or in a part of said region. That part of the elaεtic εtructure 2 which extendε in the centre part 15 alεo serves as an elastic waist belt or waistband, to improve the fit of the article around the wearer's waist. Similar to the free part 12 in Figures la, lb and 2a, the end-parts 13, 14 consist in a flat, rectangular pliable blank in which the structure 2 is mounted. A cut or slit 3 is formed in the boundary line between the centre part 15 and each end-part 13, 14, in a manner similar to that shown in Figure 2a. When the elastic net 2 is in its contracted or relaxed state, the slits 3 are closed and the parts 13, 14, 15 will be contiguous with one another. As the element 1 iε stretched, the slit 3 is widened in the stretch direction, as indicated by the arrowε, to form a gap. As the meshes of the net 2 widen in the stretch direction, a plurality of square openings 6 are formed in the gap between the end-parts 13, 14 and the centre part 15. Figureε 2c and 2d are side viewε of the diaper εhown in Figure 2b, and εhow one εide-edge of the rear waiεt-region 8 connected to a correεponding εide-edge of the front waiεt- region 7. The leg openingε 16 of the diaper are formed in thiε way. Figure 2c shows the first element 1 in a stretched state, in which the end-part 14 is drawn out in the εtretch direction as shown by the arrow. The slit 3 is widened and a gap is formed over the hook devices 5. Figure 2d shows the fastener means in itε faεtening εtate. The slit 3 will close when the end-part 14 is released, wherewith the meshes in the net 2 will be drawn together around the hook devices 5. The design of the first fastener element 1 In the case of one embodiment of the first element 1, such as the embodiment shown in Figureε 3a, 3b, the element 1 is comprised of a nonwoven rectangular blank which haε a fixed end 17 and a free end 18. The fixed end 17 can be preεumed to be attached to the article, for inεtance in itε rear waiεt-region, in accordance with Figure 2a. The fixed end 17 may also repreεent the centre part 15 of the element, in accordance with Figure 2b. Figure 3a shows the fastener element when not subjected to load. Figure 3b shows the εame element in a stretched εtate. The blank iε εeparated along the whole of itε width, or along the greatest part of itε width, by meanε of a εlit 3. The elastic structure is comprised of a loop 2 of elastic thread which includes a number of mutually parallel segments 31, 35 that extend across the slit 3 at right angles thereto. The elastic loop 2 can be stretched and relaxed in the direction of the parallel segments. The loop 2 is preferably mounted on the blank with the loop in a stretched state. The blank is compressed when no load acts thereon, i.e. when the loop 2 is in a contracted or relaxed state, therewith keeping the slit 3 closed. Aε the free end 18 of the blank is extended in the stretch direction, as shown in Figure 3b, the loop 2 will stretch and the slit 3 widen in the direction of the stretching force, so aε to form a gap in the blank. Square openings 6 are therewith formed in the interval between the parallel loop-segments 31-35 in said gap. When the stretching force is released, the loop 2 will contract to its relaxed state while closing the opening 6. The first fastener element 1 can be constructed in many different wayε with regard to the following aspects: Firstly, the elastic structure may be comprised of elaεtic material arranged in different configurationε, such as in the form of loops, parallel threads, nets, curves, or may comprise a perforated sheet of elastic or resilient material, such as foam, plastic, elaεtic nonwoven material or like materials. Secondly, the elastic structure 2 may be mounted on the blank in different ways. It can be mounted in a pre-εtretched state, extended in the stretch direction and also in other directions. In such cases, the structure 2 is affixed to the blank, for inεtance glued, ultraεound-welded or heat-sealed thereto, and is then allowed to relax or contract so as to pucker the blank. The blank will smooth out aε the structure is stretched. See in particular Figure 9, which shows the blank in the first element is pleated or puckered when no load actε thereon, by virtue of the structure being attached to the pliable material in a punctiform manner. The elaεtic structure 2 may also be mounted in a relaxed state. In this case, at leaεt part of the εtructure will be affixed to the blank. The blank may consiεt in two mutually overlapping partε. The structure is attached in its relaxed state to the surface of the blank with the exception of the overlap region, where the structure is not affixed. When subjected to a stretching force, the non-affixed region will stretch and therewith pull the two partε away from each other. The blank may also consist in two parts which are separated from each other by a gap of certain width when the parts are in a relaxed or non-loaded state. Only that part of the structure which extends over the gap (and is therewith not affixed) iε permitted to stretch. Thirdly, the blank can be made from any one of a variety of materials. Firstly, the blank as such can be omitted and the element compriεed solely of the elastic structure 2, for instance in the form of a relatively fine-mesh net. The blank may also be made of elastic material which is capable of following partially the stretching and contracting movements of the structure. The blank may be comprised of nonwoven material, plastic, foam or like material. The blank will preferably be made from a vapour permeable material. Fourthly, the opening or openingε can be obtained in many different wayε. The openingε may have the form of diεcrete perforations in the blank or the form of a continuous εlit which divides the blank into two parts over at least a part of its width. The slit may alternatively consist in intermit¬ tent slits, i.e. comprised of a plurality of mutually separated slits that are disposed in a straight line. The slit will conveniently extend transversely to the stretch direction of the blank, but may alternatively extend obliquely to this direction. In some cases, the blank may consist in two separate parts which overlap over a given area. The opening need not necessarily be a through-aperture hole in the material. When an elastic net iε mounted on the blank with the net held stretched longitudinally and transversely, pits will be formed in the blank at those locations where the meεheε of the net contract. Such pits are able to fulfil the same function as typical "openings" when fastening the faεtener meanε, by enclosing appropriately configured hooking devices. The term "opening" as used here does not necesεarily mean a slit or gap which has been preformed in the material. For instance, the "opening" may consist in a thinning of the blank material, with the thinned portions being marked in a manner that can be seen easily by the user. For instance, the blank may be provided with a tear line along which the blank is torn into different parts when pulling-out the free end of the blank, or where the blank is intended to be perforated by an appropriately configured hook device. Some of the aforementioned variations will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to another embodiment of the first fastener element, as illustrated in Figures 4a, 4b, the element 1 is comprised of a rectangular nonwoven blank that has a fixed end 17 and a free end 18. Figure 4a shows the element in a relaxed state and Figure 4b shows the same element in a stretched state. The blank is provided with a plurality of tranεverεely extending button¬ hole-like slits 36-39. The elastic structure is comprised of a looped elaεtic thread loop 2 which includes a plurality of parallel segments 31-35 that extend between the slits 36-39. The loop 2 is able to stretch and contract in the direction of the parallel segments. The loop 2 is preferably in a stretched state when it iε mounted on the blank. The blank is compressed and the slits 36-39 therewith cloεed when no load actε no the loop 2, i.e. when the loop iε relaxed. Aε the free end 18 of the blank iε pulled in the εtretch direction, aε shown in Figure 4b, the loop will be stretched and the slits 36-39 will widen in the direction of the pulling force. This will result in a gap in the blank. Oval shaped openings 6 are created in the gap, in the intervals between the parallel segments 31-35 of the loop 2. When the pulling force is released, the loop 2 will spring back to its relaxed state, therewith drawing the openings 6 together. In the case of a third embodiment of the first fastener element 1, shown in Figures 5a, 5b, the element 1 is com- prised of a rectangular nonwoven blank that has a fixed end 17 and a free end 18. Figure 5a shows the element in its relaxed state and Figure 5b shows the element in its stretched state. The blank is divided by a broad slit 3 which either extends over the full width of the blank or over a major part thereof. The elaεtic εtructure iε comprised of an elastic net 2. The net 2 iε attached to the blank, with the exception of a region A along the εlit 3 at which the net 2 iε not affixed to the blank. This free region A has a width which corre¬ sponds preferably to the width extension of one or more of the net meshes and extends acrosε the slit 3. The net 2 is able to εtretch and contract in all directionε in the plane of the blank. When the free end 18 of the blank is pulled in the stretch direction, aε εhown in Figure 5b, the aforesaid non-affixed region A of the net 2 will stretch so as to widen the εlit 3 in the direction of the pulling force. Figures 5c and 5d illustrate an alternative embodiment of a firεt faεtener element 1 aε illustrated in Figures 5a and 5b. In this case, the blank is not divided and is folded together over at least a part of the non-affixed region A. The blank iε thuε able to develop across the non-affixed region A, aε the free end 18 of the blank is pulled-out. In the case of a further embodiment (not εhown) , the net iε mounted on the nonwoven material while stretched in at least the longitudinal direction of the net. The nonwoven material includes one or more openingε, each of which is enclosed in a mesh. In the absence of load, i.e. in the absence of pulling forces on the net, the nonwoven material will be puckered or pleated due to the relaxed state of the net, and the openings will therefore be practically closed or at least drawn together. Aε the blank is pulled in its longitudinal direction, the net will stretch and the fibre material will smooth out. Those openingε that are contained in the mesheε will be widened in the stretch direction and will contract or draw together when the stretching force is released. According to another embodiment (not shown), the first element is comprised of an elastic blank which is able to stretch and contract in at least the longitudinal direction of the blank. The blank may comprise a relatively fine-mesh net, and may optionally include larger meshes at certain chosen discrete regions. Alternatively, the blank may comprise perforated elastic material. As the blank is stretched, the meshes or the perforations, will widen in the stretch direction, and will re-close or contract when the force is released. The design of the second element 4 The second element 4 is comprised generally of a flat, pliable blank provided with hook deviceε 5 made of a rela¬ tively stiff material and configured to fit into correspond¬ ing openings 6 in the first element when said element is stretched. Seen in general, the hook devices 5 shall be sufficiently small to enter respective widened openingε 6 and sufficiently large to be retained in said openings in their closed or contracted state. Figure 6 illustrates an entire fastener means from above. The illustrated fastener means compriseε a firεt faεtener element 1 according to Figure 3, and an underlying second fastener element 4. Figure 6a showε the faεtener meanε prior to being fastened, with the first element 1 stretched. Figure 6b shows the fastener means in a closed state. In the case of the Figure 6 embodiment, the εecond element 4 iε comprised of a flat, rectangular nonwoven blank which has mounted thereon a strip 41 of relatively rigid material, preferably a rigid plastic material. The strip carries hook devices in the form of upstanding, mushroom-like studs 42. Figure 7d illustrates the design of the studs. Each stud has a relatively short and narrow stem 43 which extends at right angles to the surface of the strip 41, and a broader, hemispherical head 44. The crosε-sectional area of the head 44 is such as to enable the head to be inserted relatively easily in a correεponding opening 6, when said opening is widened. The size of the head 44, however, is much larger than the size of the opening 6 when the opening is cloεed, as evident from Figure 6b. In the caεe of an embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, the studε 42 are mounted on the blank 45. Each of the εtudε 42 is comprised generally of three parts, a base part 48, a εtem 43 and a head 44. The stem 43 is held firmly in a hole in the blank 45. Figure 8a is a side view of an unfastened fastener means that includes a first fastener element 1, e.g., of the same type as that shown in Figure 3. The firεt element 1 iε compriεed of a nonwoven blank 46 which haε a fixed part 17 and a free part 18. An elastic structure 2 iε mounted along the full length of the blank 46 and joins the parts 17, 18 over a slit 3. The first element 1 is shown in a stretched state, with a pulling force acting on the free part 18 in the plane of the blank 46. The second element 4 is comprised of a nonwoven blank 45 fastened to the article. The blank 45 may be included in or form the front centre-region of the article. Figure 8b showε the same fastener means as the fastener is being fastened. The slit 3 is threaded over the head 44 of the hook device and the surfaces of the two blanks 45, 46 abut one another. The structure 2 is kept in its stretched state. Figure 8c illustrates the same fastener means after said means haε been faεtened. The slit 3 iε drawn together over the stem 43 of the hook device. The two blanks 45, 46 are in mutual abutment. The structure 2 is allowed to spring back. The free part 18 of the blank 46 presses against one side of the εtem 43. When the fastener means is in thiε state, it iε not possible to loosen the first element l from the stud with a force that acts away from the plane of the blanks 45, 46, as the head 44 of the stud is much wider than the width of the contracted slit 3. Design of the hook device As will be seen from Figure 8c, when the fastener means has been faεtened, the stems 43 of respective studs will be subjected to a force which acts generally in the opposite direction to the stretch direction of the first element. The studε will therefore be constructed suitably to resiεt thiε force aε effectively aε possible. Figure 7 shows eight possible variants of the design of the hook device, the arrows indicating the direction in which the major part of the forces can be thought to act on the studs while wearing the article. The hook device illustrated in Figure 7a has the form of an upstanding, generally cylindrical stud which defineε a right angle in relation to the plane of the blank. Provided on the εide of the stem is a notch or groove 47 in which the edge of the free part 18 of the first element (see Figure 6a) can be held firmly after fastening the fastening means. The hook device shown in Figure 7b iε an upεtanding, general¬ ly cylindrical stud which defineε an acute angle in relation to the plane of the blank. The εtud is inclined to the direction of said force. Figures 7c, 7d, 7f and 7h illustrate different mushroom-like studs which include a stem 43 and head 44. Figure 7d shows one hook-like variant, while Figure 7g showε a variant in which the groove 47 extends obliquely upwards. The hook devices need not necessarily conεiεt in outwardly projecting studs, but may have the form of conventional buttons, press studs, clamping holdfasts or corresponding devices. It is also conceivable to position the studs essentially in the plane of the blank 45 and to direct the studs against the direction of said force.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A fastener means for absorbent articles, such aε pantε- type diaperε, diaperε, incontinence guards or the like, said means consisting in a first and a second fastener element (l, 4) which are intended to be hooked together when donning the article, characterized in that the first element (l) compris¬ es at least one elastic part.(2) which includes at least one opening (6) and which is so configured as to widen the opening when stretched and to draw said opening together when relaxed; and in that the second element (4) includes at least one hook device (5); in that when the elastic part (2) is stretched sufficiently, the hook device (5) can be inserted through the resultant widened opening (6) , wherein subsequent relaxation or contraction of the elastic part (2) causes the first and the second elements to be mutually connected with the opening (6) located around the hook device (5). 2. A fastener means according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first element (1) comprises a sheet of pliable material; in that the opening (6) has the form of a continu¬ ous slit or a number of intermittent slits (3) in the sheet; in that the elastic part is comprised of a sheet-mounted elastic structure (2) which can stretch at least transversely to the direction of the slit (3); and in that at least a part of the elastic structure (2) extends transversely to the slit (3). 3. A fastener means according to Claim 2, characterized in that the elastic structure (2) is comprised of at least one elaεtic loop which includeε a number of generally parallel segments (21-24; 31-35) that can be stretched at least transverεely to the direction of the slit (3) and that extend transversely to said slit. 4. A fastener means according to Claim 2, characterized in that the elastic structure compriseε an elastic net which can be stretched at least transversely to the direction of the slit (3). 5. A fastener means according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the second fastener element (4) is comprised of a generally flat blank and has relatively stiff hook devices (5) upstanding from the plane of the blank; and in that each hook device (5) has a bottom part located proximal to the surface of said blank and a top part which connects with said bottom part and which has a larger cross-sectional area than said bottom part. 6. A fastener means according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the second fastener element (4) is comprised of a generally flat blank and has relatively stiff hook devices (5, 42) which define an acute angle in relation to the plane of the blank. 7. A fastener means according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the second fastener element (4) is comprised of a generally flat blank and has relatively rigid hook devices (5) upstanding from the plane of the blank; and in that each hook device (5) includes a groove or notch (47) for receiving parts around the opening (6) . 8. A fastener means according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least the top part of the hook device (5) has a cross-sectional area which is larger than the size of the contracted opening (6).

Inventors: JOENBRINK ANNA KARIN, WIDLUNG URBAN, JOENBRINK, ANNA, KARIN, WIDLUNG, URBAN
Applicants: JOENBRINK ANNA KARIN, MOELNLYCKE AB, WIDLUNG URBAN, JOENBRINK, ANNA, KARIN, SCA MOELNLYCKE AB, WIDLUNG, URBAN
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61F13
IPC codes: A61F5, A61F13