MIXING

Abstract: The invention relates to the mixing of a gas with a liquid. The apparatus has a mixing space (5) between two surfaces of revolution one inside the other, into which space the liquid and the gas are fed tangentially so that the mixture comes into a rotary motion in the space. The invention can be used, for example, in froth flotation processes, in dissolving processes, or in the aeration of waters.

Description: MIXING FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY The invention pertains to the field of process technology and relates to an apparatus and method for mixing a gas with a liquid. The invention can be used, for example, in ore dressing, in dissolving processes, and in the aeration of water. BACKGROUND For the mixing of a gas with a liquid there are used, for example, perforated nozzles through the perforations of which the gas is directed under pressure into the liquid. Figure 5 in publication GB-1115288 also shows a mixing ap¬ paratus in which into a space between two cylindrical surfaces there are fed tangentially a liquid into the upper section and a gas at a lower point, under an annular skirt. The mixture is withdrawn upwards via a connection in the center. In this appa¬ ratus, the cross-sectional area of the opening which leads out of the annular mixing space is greater than the area of the feed connections. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION General description A mixing apparatus according to Claim 1 has now been invented. Certain preferred embodiments of the invention are stated in the other claims. The most essential idea of the invention is that the liquid and the gas to be mixed with it are fed tangentially into the space between two surfaces of revolution so that the mixture comes into a rotary motion in the space, and that the mixture leaves the mixing space via a nozzle opening the cross-sectional area of which is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the feed connections. During the rotary motion the gas will both become mixed in the form of small bubbles with the liquid and dissolve in the liquid. Preferably the pressure in the mixing space is higher than after the nozzle opening, so that after the mixing space the liquid will be supersaturated. In this case, gas will separate from the solution and micro-sized gas bubbles will form. The nozzle opening is preferably at one end of the mixing space. There may be even a plurality of feed connections, and they may be placed at desired locations either on the outer or on the inner periphery of the mixing space. The shape of the reactor may vary, and it is determined accord¬ ing to the use and the application. The invention can be used, for example, in froth flotation of ores for the forming of bubbles and for the maintaining of a slurry suspension. The invention is highly applicable also to the aeration of waste water tanks and watercourses. Various dissolving processes requiring the adding of a gas are also typical areas of use for the invention. Description of the drawings In the drawings of the specification, Figure 1 shows a top view of a gas-mixing reactor according to the invention, and Figure 2 shows a side view of the same apparatus, in section through A-A, and Figure 3 shows a froth flotation apparatus in which mixing according to the invention is used. Detailed description of certain embodiments The reactor shown in Figures 1 and 2 has a cylindrical outer mantle 1 and, inside it parallelly, a narrower inner mantle 2, which is attached to the closed upper end 3 of the reactor but detached from the reactor bottom 4. Between the mantles there is left an annular chamber 5. There is an opening 6 in the center of the reactor bottom. The inner mantle 2 has here a cylindrical narrower upper sec¬ tion and a broader cylindrical lower section linked thereto via a conical intermediate section. Thus the cross-sectional area of the upper section of the reactor is greater. At the upper end of the annular chamber 5 the outer mantle 1 has a feed inlet 7 and in it tangentially a feed pipe 8. A liquid material and a gas to be incorporated into it are fed under pressure via the feed pipe into the annular chamber in such a manner that they come into a rotary motion in the an¬ nular chamber. Gas is incorporated, both as bubbles and dis¬ solved, into the liquid. Any gas not mixed with the liquid separates as a ring on the surface of the inner mantle. From this, gas becomes further mixed into the liquid. At the bottom 4 of the reactor, in its corner, there is an an¬ nular limiting ring 9 in such a manner that, between the lower end of the inner mantle 2 and the limiting ring, there is formed an annular nozzle opening 10 having a flow cross section smaller than the cross section of the upstream part of the annular chamber. The reactor is operated at such a feed pressure that, when the mixture flows to the nozzle opening 10 and its pressure de¬ creases, the mixture is supersaturated with respect to gas, in which case dissolved gas separates out, forming micro-sized bubbles. Such micro-bubbles adhere to the surfaces of larger bubbles in the mixture. These larger bubbles serve as efficient carrier bubbles. Owing to the micro-bubbles the total surface area of the bubbles is very large. The size, number and mutual proportions of the bubbles can be adjusted by adjusting the feed ratio, feeding pressure, or the surface area of the nozzle opening. The upper end of the inner mantle 2 may also be open, in which case bubbles will leave via that route. Such an apparatus would be especially suited for the processing of a slurry, in which case heavier slurry will leave via opening 6. The mineral slurry froth-flotation apparatus according to Fig¬ ure 3 has a container 11 and, inside it, a gas-mixing reactor 12 of the type described above. Slurry is introduced into the container from the upper end via a feed pipe 13. At the lowest point of the reactor bottom 14 there is connected a recycling pipe 15, through which slurry which has settled on the bottom is directed by means of a pump 16 to the feed pipe 8 of the mixing reactor. Air via connection 17 is also fed into the feed pipe. The overpressure prevailing in the feed pipe is, for example, 1-2 bar. In the reactor, air becomes mixed with the slurry and partly dissolved therein. A large quantity of micro- bubbles are formed in the mixture emerging from the reactor. Hydrophobic mineral particles from the slurry adhere to the surfaces of the bubbles. The bubbles rise to the surface of the container as a froth, which is recovered for further treatment. The process is dimensioned so that the bubbles will have time to separate from the slurry as completely as possible before the slurry flows into the recycling pipe.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An apparatus for mixing a gas with a liquid, which ap¬ paratus has a mixing chamber, at least one feed connection for feeding the gas and the liquid tangentially as a continuous stream into the chamber, and a nozzle opening for withdrawing the mixture as a continuous stream from the mixing chamber, characterized in that the mixing chamber has a mixing space (5) between two surfaces of revolution one inside the other, into which space the feed connections (8) lead tangentially, and that the cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening (10) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the feed connections. 2. An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the mixing chamber (5) at a point before the nozzle opening (10) is larger than the cross- sectional area of the nozzle opening. 3. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nozzle opening (10) is at one end of the mixing space (5). 4. An apparatus according to Claim 3, characterized in that the nozzle opening (10) is annular. 5. A method for mixing a gas with a liquid, in which method the gas and the liquid are introduced as a continuous stream via feed connections into a mixing chamber, and the mixture of gas and liquid is withdrawn as a continuous stream from the mixing chamber, characterized in that the gas and the liquid are fed into the mixing chamber, which is a mixing space be¬ tween two surfaces of revolution one inside the other, tangen¬ tially so that the mixture comes into a rotary motion around the mixing space and that the mixture is withdrawn from the mixing space via a nozzle opening having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross sectional area of the feed connections. 6. A froth-flotation process or a dissolving process, charac¬ terized in that it uses an apparatus according to any of Claims 1-4 or a method according to Claim 5.

Inventors: HINTIKKA VAEINOE VILJO HEIKKI, INGERTTILAE KAUKO TAPIO, KLEMETTI VELI MARKKU, KNUUTINEN VELI TAPIO, MOERSKY PEKKA PAERTTYLI, TAHVANAINEN RAIMO TAPIO, HINTIKKA, VAEINOE, VILJO, HEIKKI, INGERTTILAE, KAUKO, TAPIO, KLEMETTI, VELI, MARKKU, KNUUTINEN, VELI, TAPIO, MOERSKY, PEKKA, PAERTTYLI, TAHVANAINEN, RAIMO, TAPIO
Applicants: HINTIKKA VAEINOE VILJO HEIKKI, INGERTTILAE KAUKO TAPIO, KLEMETTI VELI MARKKU, KNUUTINEN VELI TAPIO, MOERSKY PEKKA PAERTTYLI, TAHVANAINEN RAIMO TAPIO, VALTION TEKNILLINEN, HINTIKKA, VAEINOE, VILJO, HEIKKI, INGERTTILAE, KAUKO, TAPIO, KLEMETTI, VELI, MARKKU, KNUUTINEN, VELI, TAPIO, MOERSKY, PEKKA, PAERTTYLI, TAHVANAINEN, RAIMO, TAPIO, VALTION TEKNILLINEN TUTKIMUSKESKUS
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B01F3
IPC codes: B01F5