Mobile terminal

Abstract: A mobile terminal (30, 120, 172a, 172b, 181, 192, 222, 231, 250, 300) for a moving body comprising: one or more sensors detecting moving conditions of the moving body and outputting sensor signals; a collector (31, 129, 129a, 226, 236, 256) collecting moving body operating information including moving body speed and moving distance of the moving body; and a memory (33, 126a, 227, 238, 253) storing a time interval for collecting said moving body operating information by said collector.

Description: The present invention relates to an operation management system for a moving body such as a vehicle and more particularly to a mobile terminal used in a moving body. Although the present invention is directed toward moving vehicles on a highway, the present invention can easily be applied to ships and aircraft , or to terminals which may be carried by a person. There is a demand for highly efficient management operation of moving vehicles, and for avoidance of any labor/management problems. For the existing operation management of moving vehicles, daily reports of operation, for example, have been presented. For example, in an existing method, when a vehicle, such as a taxi cab, picks up a passenger, a driver of the vehicle enters the pickup section into a daily report with its charge. After the driver returns to the office, the driver presents the daily report. Alternatively, in the case of picking up or delivering goods, a driver (or a crew) enters the delivery point and arriving time into the daily report each time the driver reaches the delivery point. Moreover, in order to check the distance the vehicle has traveled, a tachometer is generally installed into a vehicle. After the vehicle has returned to the office, the contents of the daily report are collated with the record of the tachometer to verify whether the contents of the daily report are correct. In another method, a mobile terminal is installed in every vehicle and the operating conditions of each vehicle is input into its corresponding terminal. Figs. 27A and 27B are diagrams illustrating a mobile terminal for realizing existing vehicle operation management. As shown in Fig. 27A, an existing mobile terminal 1000 is provided with various kinds of work keys in a keyboard 1010 for information input. Each key is given a function relating to the type of work being performed by the employee. The types of the work can be input by depressing keys. The types of work include beginning work, ending work, departure from office, loading or unloading goods, waiting, traveling an ordinary road, traveling through an expressway (toll road), checking vehicle, washing vehicle, etc. Moreover, the mobile terminal is also provided with a key to input a toll for traveling, for example, on a toll road. As shown in Figure 27B, a driver inserts a card 1030 into a card reader/writer 1040. When the driver places the key in the ignition and/or the engine is rotated, a sensor input unit 1050 receives a signal indicating that the driver has started the vehicle. The main controller 1060 controls the card reader and sensor input unit. The main controller has access to RAM 1070 and ROM 1080. The main controller 1060 receives input from the driver by way of the keyboard 1010, which is controlled by the keyboard controller 1015. The main controller displays information to the driver by way of the display controller 1090 and display 1020. The main controller 1060 also has access to a bar code reader controller 1100 and a bar code reader 1110. In the case of inputting information into a mobile terminal, a driver inputs a type of work, by operating the appropriate key of the mobile terminal corresponding to the work. For example, when a driver leaves the office to work, the driver depresses the "Departure" key. When a driver starts loading or unloading goods at the loading or unloading point, the driver depresses the "Loading/Unloading" key. As explained above, each time when an employee performs work, a driver operates the mobile terminal to input the information indicating the type of work performed. However, since the procedures are very complicated even in the method in which types of work and time are entered into the daily report or in the method in which the types of work are input using keys provided on the mobile terminal 1000, the driver often forgets to input data to the daily report or to the mobile terminal 1000 and it is very difficult to eliminate this problem. Moreover, since each type of work performed requires entry of data to the daily report or key operation of the mobile terminal 1000, when a person who is required to enter data is a driver, the driver must do other work in addition to the driving. As a result, the driver has an additional and complicated burden. Furthermore, it is also probable that a worker makes false entry or key-operation at the time of inputting the type of work performed and it will result in a problem for labor management. In an example of entering the types of work performed into the daily report, basically, there is no way of verifying whether the information entered into a daily report is correct. It is possible, to a certain extent, to check the correspondence between the distance traveled by the vehicle and the daily report by referencing both the tachometer and written contents of the daily report. However, this is not a perfect method. The direction, in which a vehicle travels, cannot be read from the tachometer, and it is impossible to check the actual route taken by the driver of the vehicle. In addition, even if the types of work performed by the driver are input by the key operations from a mobile terminal, it is probable that a worker will not input the data when the driver must execute the input operation or a worker will input false data by the key operations when the driver should not execute the key operations. Therefore, the accurate collection of work information based on the information input from the mobile terminal 1000 is disabled. Further, since the routes of the vehicles are not recorded in the methods of the related art, it is very difficult to generate an effective and economical operation plan, including determination of future routes and sequence from the operating conditions in the past. Therefore, it is desirable to collect information, such as operating conditions in the optimum interval depending on the kinds of roads and traffic conditions thereof, and moreover to prevent mistakes in collecting information by automatic selection of an information collecting interval without any manual operations. It is also desirable to realize a mobile terminal, which can prevent theft and/or wrong use of a vehicle. It is further desirable to save manual information input operation to prevent not only forgetting of input or input mistake but also dishonest input of work information. Moreover, it is desirable to prevent input error and/or wrong demand of a toll, while travelling on a toll road, by saving the toll input in memory by a crew to the mobile terminal. Furthermore, it is desirable to realize safe operation of the moving body by detecting, during operation of the moving body, whether the moving body is exceeding the speed limit and informing the crew of this condition, causing the driver to obey the speed limit of each road. DE-A-4 108 124 discloses a terminal and a method according to the preamble of each of accompanying claims 1 and 4. In this terminal/method, a single time interval is chosen for reading pulses of a rotation sensor in order to determine the vehicle speed and moved distance. US-A-5 359 528 discloses a system and method for recording the mileage a truck travels within a particular state (geographical region). A GPS receiver is used to detect when the truck has crossed a state line, and a separate mileage record is maintained for each state. According to the present invention, there is provided a terminal for a vehicle, the vehicle having a vehicle speed sensor attached to it, and the terminal comprising: a collector which collects, in accordance with a stored time interval, the vehicle speed and the vehicle distance based on the vehicle speed sensor; characterized in that: the terminal is a mobile terminal, a position detecting unit is provided to detect a current position of the vehicle; and in that the mobile terminal stores: collection instructing data including a respective time interval for collection of each of the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position; and a collecting data file recording the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position at the respective time interval of the collection instructing data. Preferably, in the above mobile terminal, the position of the vehicle detected by the position detecting unit (257) is in the form of a latitude and longitude; the collection instructing data (254, 255) includes time intervals for collection of each of the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position for use at each of a plurality of points of latitude and longitude; and when the vehicle has reached the position indicated by one of the points of latitude and longitude, current collection instructing data used by said collector (256) is changed over to the collection instructing data for use at said one of the point of latitude and longitude. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of collecting vehicle data using a mobile terminal, the vehicle having a vehicle speed sensor attached to it, and the terminal comprising a collector which collects, in accordance with a stored time interval, the vehicle speed and the vehicle distance based on the vehicle speed sensor; characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: storing, in the mobile terminal, collection instructing data including a respective time interval for collection of each of the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position; and, in use of the vehicle: detecting a current position of the vehicle; and recording, in a collecting data file of the mobile terminal, the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position at the respective time interval of the collection instructing data. Reference is made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile terminal useful for understanding the present invention. Fig. 2 shows another example of a mobile terminal. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a mobile terminal to which the present invention may be applied. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle operation management system in which the mobile terminal of this invention may be used. Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the vehicle operation management system. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the vehicle operation management system. Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining detailed information of a driver's database. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating detailed information of a vehicle database. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an ID card, which a driver carries (memory configuration of driver ID). Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating the memory configuration of a vehicle ID as stored in a mobile terminal. Fig. 11 is an external view of an example of a mobile terminal. Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating internal components of a mobile terminal embodying the present invention. Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining an example of an IC card file management method. Fig. 14 is a diagram for explaining procedures required before the vehicle leaves the office. Fig. 15 is a diagram for explaining the work instruction information recorded on the IC card. Fig. 16 is an example of the structure of a vehicle ID file where a plurality of vehicle ID numbers. Fig. 17 is a diagram for explaining outline of the engine start/stop operation of vehicle. Figs. 18A-18C are diagrams illustrating the processing procedures including the engine start operation required before the vehicle leaves the office when a wireless type mobile terminal is used. Fig. 19 shows processing procedures for stopping the engine of the vehicle. Fig. 20 is a diagram schematically illustrating the formats of the collection instructing data and collected operation information. Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating a constitution of a work report file for storing collection instructing data. Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating the down-load procedures of collection instructing data from a mobile terminal to a computer. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating the down-load procedures of collection instructing data from the computer to the mobile terminal when a wireless type mobile terminal is used. Fig. 24 is a diagram for explaining the reason for changing over the collection instructing data depending on the passing positions. Fig. 25 is a diagram for explaining a collected data file of the mobile terminal when changeover is executed for information collection. Fig. 26 is a flowchart illustrating the processing procedures of operation information collection based on the collection instructing data. Figs. 27A and 27B are diagrams illustrating an existing mobile terminal. Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile terminal useful for understanding the present invention. The mobile terminal may be mounted, for example, in each vehicle of a transportation company for the purpose of vehicle operation management. Fig. 1 shows a mobile terminal 10 including an input unit 11 for inputting an identification code assigned to each driver, which is assigned to a vehicle; a memory 12 for storing the identification code intrinsically assigned to each vehicle (or mobile terminal); a collator 13 for collating the vehicle identification codes stored in the memory with the vehicle identification codes input from the input unit 11; and a controller 14 for controlling the vehicle to start or stop the engine depending on the result of collation in the collator 13. The details for controlling the starting or stopping of the engine will be explained later. Moreover, the controller 14 also controls operation of the mobile terminal 10. Fig. 2 shows another example of a mobile terminal 20. The mobile terminal 20 includes an input unit 21 from which various identification codes are input as in Fig. 1 as well as other pieces of vehicle operation information. The input unit 21, for example, may be a keyboard, IC card reader or a radio communication controller. A memory 22 in the mobile terminal 20 may be divided into a plurality of regions such as a first region 221 and a second region 222. In the first region 221, the intrinsic pieces of identification information (ID) of vehicles are stored. In the second region 222, the vehicle ID information inputted from the input unit 21 and the driver ID information are temporarily stored. The collator 23 collates the vehicle ID information stored in the first region 221 of the memory 22 with the vehicle ID information stored in the second region 222 of the memory 22 and outputs the result of the collation. The controller 24 controls the vehicle engine to start or stop, depending on the result of the collation of vehicle ID information by the collator 23. Moreover, the controller 24 also controls operation of the mobile terminal 10. Fig. 3 is a diagram of a mobile terminal 30 to which the present invention may be applied, including an input unit 31 to which output signals of the sensors (not shown) mounted at various locations in the vehicle are inputted. Each sensor judges the condition of each sensor mounting area and outputs an output signal depending on the judgment result. The mobile terminal 30 further includes a memory 33 including a first memory region 331 and a second memory region 332. The first memory region 331 stores a condition of the output signal of each sensor and the corresponding information indicating the conditions of the corresponding vehicle. A discriminating unit 34 references the first memory region 331, depending on respective sensor output signals inputted to the input unit 31, to ascertain the current condition of the vehicle. The information indicating the vehicle conditions refers to, for example, the information indicating the operating condition of vehicle (start and stop of engine, unloading of goods, etc.). The second memory region 332 stores information concerning the conditions of the vehicle discriminated or ascertained by the discriminating unit 34. This information is generated, for example, at predetermined time intervals or when generation thereof is instructed. The details of the discriminating unit 34 will be explained later. The mobile terminal 30 further includes a position detecting unit 35 for detecting the current position of the vehicle. As a method of detecting the vehicle position, for example, there is a GPS (Global Positioning System). However, in this embodiment, the position detecting method is not limited to the GPS and other methods may be used. The information concerning the current position of the vehicle detected by the position discriminating unit 34 is stored, for example, in the second memory region 332 corresponding to the vehicle condition information at this time. Storing of such corresponding information enables a crew later, for example, after the vehicle has returned to the office, to check the type of work performed and where the work was performed. The mobile terminal 30 further includes a card reader/writer 36 for writing information into a medium such as IC card 37 loaded from the external side of the mobile terminal 10 and for reading information from the medium. Since the IC card 37 has a comparatively large memory capacity, this IC card 37 may be used as the second memory region (instead of the second memory region 332) to store the information concerning the vehicle condition ascertained or discriminated by the discriminating unit 34. The second memory region 332 may be provided in the mobile terminal 30, but is not always required to be provided in the mobile terminal 30 as discussed above. An output unit 38 outputs various pieces of information to a driver. The mobile terminal 30 can discriminate or ascertain vehicle conditions depending on outputs of the sensors mounted at respective areas of vehicle, but it is impossible in some cases to uniquely and accurately detect vehicle conditions only with sensor outputs. Under certain circumstances, a message is outputted to a driver urging to input the information indicating the work performed and the current vehicle condition. As the output unit 38, a loud speaker is used in Fig. 3 to output a voice message. However, a display, for example, may also be used to display various kinds of messages. Moreover, other devices, which can transfer a message to the driver, can also be used as the output unit 34. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle operation management system in which the mobile terminal of the invention may be used. it includes, for example, a computer 41 or other computing device installed as a host unit in the office and at least one mobile terminal 42. The computer 41 includes a vehicle database 411 for storing the intrinsic information (vehicle number, load, etc.) of each vehicle and the information concerning the operating condition of each vehicle. The computer 41 also includes a driver database 412 for storing the pertinent information (name, kind of driving license, etc.) of each driver working for the office and the pertinent information regarding work to be performed by each driver (date, work contents, etc.). The computer 41 further includes a work instruction generating unit 413 for generating work instruction information for instructing the driver of the types of work to be performed; and a transfer unit 414 for transferring the generated work instruction information to a mobile terminal 42. The transfer unit 414 may be a radio communication controller, so that the work instruction information is transferred, by radio, to the mobile terminal 42. The transfer unit 414 may also be an IC card reader/writer, so that the work instruction information is written into the IC card, which is then inputted to the mobile terminal 42. In addition, the computer 41 is also provided with a control unit 415 for controlling each apparatus. The computer 41 may also include an input unit 416 such as a keyboard and/or one or more output units 417 such as a display unit and/or a printer for outputting various pieces of information, and an input unit 416 for inputting various pieces of information. The mobile terminal 42 includes a transfer unit 421 for receiving the work instruction information transferred from the computer 41. This transfer unit 421 may be a radio communication controller or an IC card reader/writer. For example, when an IC card reader/writer is provided in the computer 41, a corresponding IC card reader/writer is used in the mobile terminal 42. An IC card is loaded into the IC card reader/writer, provided in the mobile terminal 42, to read the work instructions written in the memory of the IC card. If the transfer unit 414 is a radio communication controller, then the transfer unit 421 of the mobile terminal 42 is a radio communication controller. The mobile terminal 42 further includes a memory 422 for storing the work instruction information transferred from the computer 41 by the transfer units 414 and 421 of the computer 41 and mobile terminal 42. The mobile terminal 42 has a controller 423 for controlling the operation of the mobile terminal 42. Moreover, the mobile terminal 42 may be provided, as required, with an output unit 424 such as a display unit or a loud speaker for outputting various pieces of information such as work instruction information, and an input unit 425 such as a keyboard for inputting information. The mobile terminal 42 as shown in Fig. 4 is provided with a part and/or the entire part of each item installed in the mobile terminals 10, 20 and 30 shown in Figs. 1 to Fig. 3. Various functions may be given to a mobile terminal 42 by adequately combining the items of the mobile terminals 10, 20, 30 and 42 shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4. Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the vehicle operation management system (hereinafter referred to as a management system) in more detail. As shown in Fig. 5, the management system includes a host computer (hereinafter referred to as a computer or an office computer) 51 to be installed in the office, a terminal (hereinafter referred to as a mobile terminal) 52 to be installed in each respective vehicle and an IC card 53 carried by a driver of each vehicle. The host computer 51 is provided with a driver database 511 for storing and administrating information including ID No., name, kind of driving license and working conditions of each driver working for the office. The host computer 51 is further provided with a vehicle database 512 for storing and administrating information including ID No., class of vehicle, vehicle No. and operating conditions of the vehicles assigned to the office. In the office, the operating conditions of vehicles can be detected by referencing the information stored in these databases 511 and 512. In addition, an operation schedule of vehicles can be planned as required and the period for vehicle maintenance can be checked. Moreover, since the work conditions of each driver can be checked, the labor management of drivers becomes easier. The mobile terminal 52 receives a work instruction information for instructing work contents to be executed in a day given from the office (computer) 51 and sends the collected work report information by collecting various pieces of work report information generated during operation of the vehicle. The computer 51 classifies the various pieces of work report information collected from the mobile terminal 52 for each vehicle and driver and updates the vehicle database 512 and driver database 511 depending on the information classified to output a daily report of work as required. In this example, there are provided two kinds of methods, wherein the work instruction information is sent to the mobile terminal or vehicle computer 52 from the host computer 51 or the work report information is sent to the computer 51 from the mobile terminal 52. In one method, transfer of data is carried out via an IC card 53 assigned to each driver. In another method, radio communication is introduced between the computer 51 and mobile terminal 52. In the case of transferring information using an IC card 53, the work instruction information is written on the IC card 53 with an IC card reader/writer (not shown) connected to the office computer or host computer 51 and the information written on the IC card 53 is then read with an IC card reader/writer (not shown) provided in the mobile terminal 52. Moreover, the work report information generated during operation of the vehicle is written on the IC card 53 with the IC card reader/writer of the mobile terminal 52. This IC card 53 is inserted into the IC card reader/writer provided in the office computer 51 to save the work report information written on the same IC card 53. The details of this operation will be explained later. In this example, an IC card 53 is used as an information transfer unit, but other memory medium can also be used so long as it is a portable type memory medium. For example, a magnetic disk or a magnetic card may be used without relation to a type of memory medium. In the method of communicating between the computer 51 and mobile terminal 52 by radio, a hand-held telephone set or other type of radio communication unit may be used between the computer 51 and mobile terminal 53. An antenna must be installed on a vehicle. Using the radio communication unit, the work instruction information and work report information can be transmitted or received. If the work instruction contents are changed during the course of vehicle operation, the changed work instructions are transmitted or transferred to a vehicle computer 52 from the office computer 51 for flexible response to a change in work instructions. Moreover, the work report information generated in each vehicle can be transmitted to the office on a real time basis. Therefore, the office immediately detects the work being performed such as the current position of each vehicle. When traffic congestion occurs or a distribution sequence is required to be changed, various instructions for changing vehicle operation route and distribution sequence can be transmitted immediately to a driver of each vehicle. Traffic conditions of a road can be estimated by checking the operating condition transferred from each vehicle, particularly the positions of a vehicle with passage of time. With information transferred by radio between the computer 51 and mobile terminal 52, a driver can receive a change in work instructions without-returning to the office. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle operation management system as an example and a detailed diagram for explaining the operation of the mobile terminal while the vehicle is in operation. As shown in Fig. 6, a vehicle 60 is provided with a mobile terminal 61. The mobile terminal 61 may be fixed to the vehicle 60 or removably mounted to the vehicle 60. The mobile terminal is connected with a GPS receiver 62, a radio communication unit 63 such as hand-held telephone set and sensors 64 mounted to various areas of vehicle 60. Moreover, the vehicle 60 is also provided with a GPS antenna 621 for receiving the position information transferred from the GPS satellite 69 and the GPS receiver 62 detects and discriminates the current position of the vehicle depending on the received signal. Moreover, the mobile terminal 61 is provided with a guidance display unit 65 for displaying guidance information for transferring work instructions to a driver and a microphone 66 used by the driver to input by voice the work performed. Moreover, the mobile terminal 61 is also provided with an IC card reader/writer (not illustrated) for loading an IC card 67 to be carried by a driver. Data communication is carried out through a radio communication unit such as a hand-held telephone set 63 between the mobile terminal 61 and office computer 68 for transmission of work instruction information, work report information and other pieces of information. Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining in detail the contents of a driver database 70. Each driver working for the office is given the ID No. for identifying individual drivers. Within the driver database, the drivers working for the office are managed using these ID numbers 73. In the driver database 70, the information 71 concerning the drivers themselves and corresponding information 72 concerning working conditions of each driver are stored. As the driver information, the information including name of driver and class of driving license carried by a driver is stored corresponding to the ID number of each driver. The vehicle 60, which is driven by a driver; is restricted depending on the class of driving license carried by the driver. Therefore, the class of driving license of each driver is recorded in the driver database 70 so that the type or class of vehicle 60 to be driven by each driver can be identified. The class of driving license is used as the information for prohibiting a driver to drive the vehicle 60 of the class not corresponding to the driving license. In the columns for storing work information 72, the date of working (driving) 721 and the ID number of vehicle 722 driven by the driver to perform the work are stored corresponding to the ID number of each driver. In Fig. 7, only the work instructions on the 31st of October is stored, for example, but the work information of each driver can be stored in the driver database 70 in units of month, year or any predetermined term. The term for recording the work information is not particularly restricted and the work information can be stored for the period required for the operation management. For example, in Fig. 7, a driver given the ID number 1010 has the name "Hoshino" and the driver "Hoshino" has the license class to drive a vehicle 60 for "large size for special use". This driver information 81 is stored in the driver database 70. The driver "Hoshino" drove the vehicle 60 having the ID number 1010 during the period from 9 AM to 3 PM on 31st of October. When it is required to know the working conditions of each driver for the purpose of labor management including the check of driving conditions of drivers, the necessary information such as working condition of each driver can be outputted by retrieving the driver database 70 of Fig. 7. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating details of the vehicle database 80. Each vehicle 60 assigned to the office is given an ID number. In the vehicle database 80, all vehicles 60 are administrated using their ID numbers. The vehicle database 80 stores the vehicle computer information 81 indicating a type of vehicle computer (mobile terminal) 61 mounted in the vehicle 60, vehicle information 82 concerning the vehicle 60 itself and operating information 83 concerning the operating condition of each vehicle 60, corresponding to the ID number of each vehicle 60. In the column for storing the vehicle computer information 81 concerning the structure of mobile terminal 61, the vehicle computer information 81 indicates a type of the mobile terminal 61 mounted in the vehicle. For example, a radio type mobile terminal 61 is mounted into the vehicle given the vehicle ID number 1010. This vehicle is capable of transferring various pieces of information to the office by radio. Moreover, it can also be understood that a card type mobile terminal 61 is mounted in the vehicle given the ID number 0101 and transfer of data to the vehicle computer 61 can be done using a medium such as an IC card 63. In addition, in the column 81 for storing the information concerning the structure of mobile terminal 61, the information concerning instructions for collecting information is stored. The mobile terminal 61 collects, during operation of vehicle 60, the information concerning the traveling distance of vehicle 60 and running speed at the collecting time. This information collection is executed at a preset time interval or each time when the vehicle 60 travels for a predetermined distance. An "instruction for collection" stored in the vehicle database 80 indicates a time interval and travelling distance for collecting such vehicle operation information (work information). For instance, for the vehicle 60 given the ID number 1010, collection of work information is carried out in every passage of 500 ms or in every 1.0 m traveled. Here, the numerical data of 500 ms and 1.0 m has been applied conforming to the information collecting interval in the existing method for collecting the information such as traveling distance with a tachometer. Moreover, for the vehicle 60 given the ID number 0101 collection of information is carried out every 10 seconds or in every 100 m travelled by the vehicle. In the column of vehicle information 82 of the vehicle database 80, class of vehicle and vehicle number, etc. are stored. In the column of the operating information 83, the date and time of operation, travelling distance and other necessary information are stored. As explained above, other information including, for example, travelling route of vehicle and fuel consumption of vehicle can be listed. In Fig. 8, only the information of 31st of October is written as the operating information but the operating information generated during a month, a year or any other term may be stored as the term for recording information in the driver database 80. In Fig. 8, it is also recorded that the vehicle 60 having the ID number 0101 is a large size vehicle given the vehicle number SYONAN-55-A-0001 and this vehicle has traveled 500 km during its work on 31st of October. It is further recorded that the vehicle 60 having the ID number 1010 is a small size vehicle given the vehicle number SAGAMI-33-HA-0579 and this vehicle has traveled 1300 km. Similar pieces of information are also recorded for the other vehicles 60. The operating conditions of each vehicle 60 can be detected by retrieving vehicle database 80 to collect necessary information such as operation information and necessity of maintenance. The vehicle's condition can be judged based on the collected data. For example, the vehicle 60 is judged as to whether maintenance work is required based on the traveling distance by reading the total traveling distance thereof from the vehicle database 80. Moreover, the operating condition of each vehicle 60 can be retrieved from the vehicle database 80 and it is possible to discuss a more effective operating schedule based on the operating conditions of the vehicle. As will be explained later, since the route travelled by the vehicle 60 and the time required for driving each vehicle 60 are also recorded in the vehicle database 80, the route of a vehicle 60 can also be discussed to realize more effective operation of the vehicle 60. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the IC card 90 carried by a driver including a memory. In the vehicle operation management system of this example, an IC card 90 is given to each driver. When a driver tries to drive a vehicle 60, the driver is requested to insert the IC card 90 into the IC card reader/writer of the mobile terminal 61. The ID number of the driver is decisively recorded in the IC card 90. Therefore, the driver, who is driving the vehicle 60, can be determined by reading the driver ID number from the IC card 90. As shown in Fig. 9, the memory of the IC card 90 is roughly classified into the program area 91 and memory area 92. In the program area 91, a program for operating the IC card 90 is stored. The memory area 92 is further classified into a system area 93 and a file area 94. The system area 93 stores the intrinsic driver ID number 95. This driver ID number 95 is given, as shown in Fig. 9, by a six digit numeral but the number of digits can be selected freely. The system area 93 is further provided with a file management area 96 for storing file management information. The file management area 96 is capable of storing information concerning file name, address of file area for storing a file, size of file, length and size of each record, etc. Moreover, the file area 94 stores the work instruction information and the information concerning work and operation collected by the mobile terminal 61. In the case of the existing contact type IC card, electrodes are exposed at the card surface. In the case of the work performed by the driver or crew utilizing a vehicle 60, particularly the work for picking up or distributing goods, a vehicle 60 is placed under the worst environmental conditions. Therefore, if the contact type IC card is used for the vehicle 60 placed under the worst conditions, the IC card may be often subjected to undesirable conditions such as contamination of electrodes of IC card and breakdown of IC card itself due to water or static electricity. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the contact type IC card. In this example, a non-contact type IC card 90 for transmitting or receiving information by radio to or from the card reader/writer is used as the IC card 90. The electrodes are not exposed at the surface of the non-contact type IC card 90. Therefore, this non-contact type IC card 90 is superior to the contact type IC card in the dust-proof and water-proof characteristics. In other words, the non-contact type IC card 90 is recommended as the IC card used for the vehicle operation management system applied under the worst environmental conditions as explained above. However, when the mobile terminal 61 is not used under worst environmental conditions, the existing contact type IC card may be used. Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 100. As already explained, the mobile terminal 100 is decisively given the intrinsic vehicle ID number. The interior of the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 100 is roughly divided into a program area 101 and a memory area 102. In the program area 101, a program for operating the mobile terminal 100 is stored. The memory area 102 is further classified into a system area 103 and a work area 104. In the system area 103, the vehicle ID number 105 explained above is stored, for example, in the form of 4 numerical digits. The number of numerical digits in the ID number can be changed freely, for example, and the actual number can be selected freely. Moreover, a work area program 106 is stored in the work area. Fig. 11 is an external view illustrating an example of a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal 110 shown in Fig. 11 is an example of the card type terminal providing the IC card reader/writer. In the front surface of the mobile terminal 110, an IC card slot 111 is provided and the IC card carried by the driver is inserted into the mobile terminal 110 therefrom. Moreover, the mobile terminal 110 is also provided with a connector 113 for connecting and interfacing with a keypad 112. The keypad 112 shown in Fig. 11 is provided with a plurality of keys 114. In the keypad shown in Fig. 11, the numerical keys for inputting numerals from 0 to 9, and three keys A, B and C are provided. Using these keys 114, various kinds of numerals and various pieces of information can be inputted as required. A display 115 is also provided in the keypad 112. Various pieces of information are displayed as required on this display 115 in order to display work instruction information for the driver and a message for urging the driver to input work performed or work to be performed is also displayed on this display 115. A message for checking the information inputted from the keypad 112 is also displayed. The details of the use of the keypad 112 are explained later. Fig. 12 illustrates an embodiment of this invention. A mobile terminal 120 includes a CPU or main controller 121, which is composed, for example, of a microprocessor to control operations of the mobile terminal 120. The mobile terminal 120 further includes a display control unit 122 for controlling the drive of the display 122a; barcode reader control unit 123 for controlling operations of the barcode reader 123a when the barcode reader 123a is connected to the mobile terminal 120; voice control unit 124 for controlling operations of a loud speaker 124a or microphone 124b provided on the mobile terminal 124 in which the speaker 124a is used for notifying the driver of information such as guidance with an audible voice, while the microphone 124b is used by the driver for inputting an audible instruction to the mobile terminal 120; and a GPS driver (receiver) 125 connected with GPS antenna 125a. The GPS receiver 125 is provided for collecting the current position including latitude and longitude of a vehicle 60 based on the signal received from the satellite 69 and the current time. The details of operations using GPS will be explained later. In the ROM 126, a program for controlling the mobile terminal 120 and the vehicle ID number are stored. A card reader/writer 127 is provided for loading of the IC card 127a as explained previously to read information stored in the IC card 127a and write information generated in the mobile terminal 120 to the IC card 127a. A line controller 128 is connected, for example, with a hand-held telephone set or MCA radio for exchange of information between the mobile terminal 120 and office computer (not shown) through these devices. A sensor input/output unit 129 into which various signals from sensors, such as a key on/off signals for detecting the on/off states of vehicle key and an output signal from the engine rotation sensor for detecting the rotating condition of engine, are inputted. A RAM 126a is provided for temporary storage of information. A CPU 121 judges conditions of various points of the vehicle depending on the signals from sensors received via the sensor input/output unit 129. The details of the vehicle conditions based on the sensor output will be explained later. Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining an example of the file management memory and method of an IC card 130. In the IC card 130, the memory area 135 is divided into the system area 135a and file area 135b. Fig. 13 explains the memory management of the IC card 130. In this example, a radio (non-contact) type card is used as the IC card 130. Therefore, the information exchange between the host computer (such as an office computer) or mobile terminal 131, and the IC card 130 is executed via radio communication units 132, 133 respectively. The radio communication units use a low level signal for transmission and reception of data. A file access unit 134 of the host computer 131, for example, accesses the file area 135b of the IC card 130 to read and write the data based on the information recorded in the system area 135a of the IC card 130. The file access unit 134 accesses the memory area 135 of the IC card 130 based on the instruction in the application program 136. The IC card 130 is further provided with a memory access unit 137 for reading and writing the data to and from the memory area 135 of the card based on the physical address. As shown in Fig. 13, the memory area 135 is divided into the system area 135a and file area 135b. The system area 135a is further divided into a plurality of files to store the information about length and size of record together with file name, file storing address and size of file, etc. The file area 135b is divided corresponding to respective files indicated in the system area 135a. Each file is further divided into a plurality of records and each record stores data. For the access to the memory area 135, access is first made to the system area 135a to access the file area 135b corresponding to the system area 135a. Access is made to the file area 135b in units of record. Next, a vehicle operation management method utilizing the mobile terminal of the invention will be explained. Fig. 14 is a diagram for explaining the procedures required before the vehicle 60 leaves the office. A mobile terminal or vehicle computer 143 utilizing the IC card 141 is mounted in the vehicle 60. Before a vehicle 60 leaves the office, (1) a driver loads his own IC card 141 into the card reader/writer of the office computer 142; (2) the office computer 142 reads the driver ID number recorded in the IC card 141; (3) the office computer 142 retrieves the driver database based on the driver ID number obtained to read a class of driving license corresponding to the driver ID number obtained; (4) next, the office computer 142 retrieves the vehicle database based on the vehicle ID number of the vehicle to be used by the driver on that day to read the class of vehicle 60 in order to check the qualification of driver by collating the class of vehicle 60 with the retrieved class of driving license. When the class of vehicle does not match the class of driving license as a result of qualification check, the office computer 142, without entry of any information, issues a message indicating occurrence of an error and outputs the IC card 141. Therefore, a driver, who cannot drive a vehicle 60 with his driving license, is prevented from driving the vehicle 60. When the class of vehicle 60 matches the class of driving license as a result of a qualification check, the office computer 142 writes the work instruction information corresponding to the driver ID number obtained from memory into the IC card 141 and thereafter outputs the IC card 141. The work instruction information of each driver on that day is previously registered into the office computer 142 and the work instruction information of each driver can be read based on the driver ID number. (5) The IC card 141 outputted from the office computer 142 is inserted by the driver into the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 143. (6) When the IC card 141 is inserted, the mobile terminal 143 reads the driver ID number and vehicle ID number from the IC card 141 and (7) compares the vehicle ID number read from the IC card 141 with the vehicle ID number stored in the mobile terminal 143. When these ID numbers are matched, the mobile terminal 143 starts ignition of engine. If these ID numbers are not matched, the mobile terminal 143 judges that the driver is different from the driver scheduled on that day and issues an error message. In any case, (8) the IC card 141 is output after a comparison of the driver ID numbers. Since there was a check as to whether the class of driving license of driver corresponds to the class of vehicle 60, as will be explained later, when the IC card 141 is inserted into the card reader/writer of the mobile terminal 143 and ignition of engine starts, the qualification check for driver and vehicle 60 can be omitted because the work instruction information is written into the IC card 141. In this case, it is possible that the driver ID number is read from the IC card 141 when the card is inserted to the card reader/writer of the office computer 142 and the IC card 141 is outputted after the work instruction information corresponding to the obtained driver ID number is written onto the IC card 141. Fig. 15 is a diagram for explaining the work instruction information recorded on the IC card 141. The vehicle ID file 151, work instruction file 152 and work report file 153 are set in the file area 150 of the IC card 141. The ID number of the vehicle 60 driven by the driver is written in the vehicle ID file 151 by the office computer 142. Moreover, the work to be performed that day by the driver is written in the work instruction file 152 by the office computer 141. The work instruction information, maybe a message instructing, for example, "Distribute goods to the point A to the point B at 0: 0 (time) of 0, 0 (date and month). The work instruction information stored in the IC card 141 is not limited to only one instruction or task. When a plurality of tasks are required in a single driving route, required work instruction information is completely written in the work instruction file 152. As will be explained later, the work report file 153 is used for recording the information such as traveling distance, travel route and the time used which have been obtained as a result of work. Moreover, the work report file 153 also stores the collection instruction data for indicating the time interval for collecting information explained above. The collection instruction data is written in the IC card 141 by the office computer 142 together with the work instruction information. In addition, in some cases, a driver changes vehicles during a day. In view of solving this problem, a plurality of vehicle ID numbers can be stored in the vehicle ID file 161a as shown in Fig. 16. A plurality of instructions corresponding to vehicle ID numbers can be stored in work instruction file 161b. A plurality of work reports corresponding to vehicle ID numbers can be stored in work report file 161c. The work instruction file name 162 and work report file name 163 corresponding to each vehicle are respectively stored corresponding to the respective vehicle ID number 164. The driver inserts the IC card 141 outputted from the office computer 142 to the mobile terminal 143 (card reader/writer connected to the mobile terminal) of the vehicle to be driven. In this example, engine start and stop of a vehicle are controlled from the IC card 141 carried by the driver. Operations for starting the engine will be explained hereunder. Fig. 17 is a diagram for explaining an outline of the engine start and stop operations of a vehicle. Before starting the engine, the work instructing information is sent, together with the vehicle ID number, to the mobile terminal 172 from the office (computer) 171 via the IC card 173 or depending on the instruction 174 by radio. Engine start or stop is controlled with insertion of the IC card 173. When the IC card 173 on which the vehicle ID number is written as a part of the work instructing information by the computer 171, the mobile terminal 172a mounted on the vehicle 170a reads, with the sequence indicated in Fig. 14, the driver ID number and vehicle ID number recorded in the IC card 173. When a driver is scheduled to change a plurality of vehicles as shown in Fig. 16, the vehicle ID numbers and several pieces of work instructing information corresponding to a plurality of vehicles are stored in the IC card 173. In this case, the mobile terminal 172a confirms whether the vehicle ID number on the IC card 173 matches with the vehicle ID number stored in the memory of the mobile terminal 172a by referencing the respective vehicle ID numbers. Next, the vehicle ID number read from the IC card 173 is collated with the vehicle ID number stored in the mobile terminal. When there is no match, the mobile terminal 172a determines that the driver having the relevant IC card 173 is not scheduled to drive the relevant vehicle 170a and outputs the IC card after issuing an error message. On the other hand, when the vehicle ID number stored in the IC card 173 matches the vehicle ID number stored in the mobile terminal 172a, the mobile terminal 172a starts the ignition of the engine. Here, it is also possible to output the IC card 173 from the mobile terminal 172a when matching of ID numbers is determined. Moreover, upon ignition of the engine, the mobile terminal 172a reads the work instructing information and collection instructing data written in the IC card 173 to write the work instructing information into the work instruction file of the mobile terminal 172a and also stores the collection instructing data to the predetermined area of the work report file. Thereafter, the mobile terminal 172a collects various pieces of information with the interval instructed here by referencing the collection instructing data stored in the work report file. With the constitution explained above, incorrect use of vehicles of the office by the driver not scheduled or theft of vehicles by a third party can be prevented. Thereby, management of the vehicles can be realized more effectively. In the case of the vehicle 170b where the radio mobile terminal 172b is mounted, the vehicle ID number inputted to the mobile terminal 172b with the IC card 173 is transmitted by radio from the office computer 171 together with the work instructing information. In this case, the mobile terminal 172b selectively receives the information including the vehicle ID number, which is the same as its vehicle ID number. When the radio mobile terminal 172b is used, the IC card 173 is also inserted thereto. Moreover, it is also possible to send the work instructing information and collection instructing data to the mobile terminal 172b from the computer 171 via the IC card 173. Fig. 18 is a diagram indicating the processing sequence before the vehicle leaves the office including the engine start operation when the radio mobile terminal is used. In this case, information exchange is performed by radio between the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 181 and office computer 182. For execution of security check of driver, the IC card 180 carried by the driver is inserted into the mobile terminal 181 in the example of Fig. 18 at the time of starting the engine. The numeral given in the parentheses corresponds to the numerals given in Fig. 18. For starting the engine, a driver inserts the IC card 180 storing the driver ID number into the card reader/writer of the mobile terminal 181 (1). The mobile terminal 181 reads the driver ID number from the inserted IC card 180 (2) and outputs the IC card 180 (3). Subsequently, the mobile terminal 181 transmits by radio the input request signal together with the driver ID number and vehicle ID number to the office computer 182 in order to request the office computer 182 to input the work instructing information of that day based on the driver ID number obtained and the vehicle ID number (4, 5). An example of the input request signal is shown in Fig. 18B. The input request signal includes "Function" 183, driver ID number 184 and vehicle ID number 185. In the input request signal, a sign indicating that this signal is the input request signal is written in the column of the "Function" information and the input request signal is transmitted by radio to the office computer 182. Moreover, the driver ID number read from the IC card 180 is transmitted and the vehicle ID number is also transmitted. The office computer 182 refers to the "Function" column 183 of the input request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal 181 and discriminates that this signal is the work instructing information input request signal. On the basis of the driver ID number and vehicle ID number transmitted, the office computer 182 retrieves the driver database and vehicle database (6). The computer 182 reads, from the driver database, the class of driving license of the driver having the transmitted ID number and also reads, from the vehicle database, the class of vehicle corresponding to the transmitted vehicle ID number. Moreover, the office computer 182 checks the qualification of the driver, who has loaded the IC card to the mobile terminal 181 based on the obtained class of driving license and the vehicle class information. If the class of the driving license of driver does not match the class of vehicle, the office computer 182 generates an error and issues therefrom an error message to the mobile terminal 181. On the other hand, when the class of driving license of the driver matches the class of vehicle, the office computer 182 determines that the result of qualification check for driver is normal. In this case, the computer 181 sends by radio the work instructing information corresponding to the transmitted driver ID number to the mobile terminal 181 (7). The work instructing information is previously inputted to the office computer 182. An example of the work instructing information is shown in Fig. 18C (response). The information transmitted into the mobile terminal 181 from the office computer 182 is composed of "Function" information 186, driver ID number 187, vehicle ID number 188 and work instructing information 189. In this case, a sign indicating that this signal includes the work instructing information is written in the "Function" column. Moreover, it is also possible to send the collection instructing information to the "Function" column in addition to the work instructing information. The mobile terminal 181 receives the work instructing information from the office computer 182 and stores this information into the predetermined area of memory and then starts the engine (8). The engine start sequence is similar to that explained with reference to Fig. 14. Here, it is also possible that the mobile terminal 181 collates the driver ID number and vehicle ID number returned from the office computer 182 with those stored therein to discriminate whether the response signal received from the office computer 181 is directed thereto or not depending on matching or mismatching of such ID numbers. Moreover, when the collection instructing data is not added to the transmitting information, to which the work instructing information is added, and therefore not transmitted to the mobile terminal 181 from the office computer 182, the mobile terminal 181 issues a request, before the engine starts, to the office computer 181 to transmit the collection instructing data to the office computer 181. In this case, the information in the format corresponding to Fig. 18C is transmitted from the computer 181, but the information indicating that the added information is the collection instructing data is written into the "Function" column and the collection instructing data is transmitted in place of the work instructing information. Fig. 19 shows a processing sequence for stopping the engine. In the case of this example, the processing sequence for stopping the engine is basically similar in the case of the card type terminal and radio type terminal. The processing sequence will be explained with reference to Fig. 19. The numerals given in the parentheses correspond to those in Fig. 19. For stopping the engine, a driver inserts his or her IC card 191 into the mobile terminal or vehicle computer 192 (1). The mobile terminal 192 reads the driver ID number from the IC card 191 (2). Subsequently, the mobile terminal 192 collates the driver ID number read at the time of starting the engine with the driver ID number read now (3). The driver ID number read at the time of engine start is recorded in the mobile terminal 192 and is collated with the driver ID number read from the IC card 191. When two driver ID numbers are matched, the mobile terminal 192 determines the driver, who has inserted the IC card 191, is the qualified driver and then begins stopping the engine. On the other hand, when two driver ID numbers do not match, there is a high probability that the driver who has started the engine is different from the driver who is trying to stop the engine. Therefore, in this case, the mobile terminal 191 does not allow the driver to stop the engine. In addition, the mobile terminal 192 outputs the IC card 191 after collation of two driver ID numbers (4). With the control as explained above, only the qualified driver can stop the engine of the vehicle. If the vehicle is stolen while the vehicle is used (particularly when the engine is activated), the engine can no longer be stopped, which inconveniences a thief who is stealing the vehicle. When the engine is to be stopped, it is also possible to record the work report information generated during operation of vehicle which is already recorded in the mobile terminal 192 into the IC card 191. Next, collection of the operating information such as various pieces of work report information generated during operation of the vehicle will be explained hereunder. When operation of a vehicle is started, the mobile terminal 192 collects various pieces of operating information to generate the work report information. As the operating information to be collected by the mobile terminal 192, work starting/ending times, traveling (moving) distance of vehicle, vehicle speed and route, etc. can be listed. Fig. 20 is a diagram schematically illustrating the collection instructing data and format of the collected operating information. The work report information is composed of the collecting data 202. The collecting data 202 is collected by the sensor 200 based on the conditions indicated by the collection instructing data 201. In an example of Fig. 20, the collection instructing data indicates the time interval for collecting information such as vehicle speed, traveling distance (hereinafter referred to only as distance), current position of vehicle (hereinafter referred to only as position). Here, vehicle speed is collected at predetermined time intervals, such as every passage of 10 minutes. Similarly, distance is collected in every time passage of 15 minutes, for example, and position in every time passage of 20 minutes, for example. This time interval can be set freely. When course collection of information is necessary, the time interval can be set shorter than that in the example of Fig. 20. When rough collection of information is enough, the time interval for collection of information can be longer. In the case of the existing tachometer, information such as vehicle speed is collected at every 500 ms. Therefore, matching with the operating information collected by the existing tachometer can be obtained by setting the time interval for collection of information indicated by the collection instructing data 201 to 500 ms as in the case of the tachometer. Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating a work report file 210 for storing the collection instructing data. The collection instructing data 211 is stored in the work report file 210 preset in the memory area of the mobile terminal 181. In the case of Fig. 21, collection instructing data 211 includes the latitude/longitude information 212 and time interval 213 for collecting the operating information such as vehicle speed, distance and position are recorded. The latitude/longitude information 212 will be explained later. Moreover, as shown in a vehicle database of Fig. 8, the collection time interval and collection distance are set as the collection instructing data 211. Collection of information may be executed based on the time interval and/or moving distance. In Fig. 21, information has been collected based only on the time interval. When both the time interval and moving distance are introduced for collection of information, priority of information collection is given to one condition, for example, to the time interval and the other condition, for example, the moving distance is considered as the secondary condition for the information collection. For instance, when moving distance of a vehicle is very small for a passage of time due to traffic congestion, etc., it is meaningless, in some cases, to collect information based on the instructed time interval. Therefore, when the vehicle does not move for the distance specified by the collection instructing data even after the predetermined time has passed, information is collected when the vehicle has moved for the predetermined distance specified by the collection instructing data 211. On the other hand, various pieces of operating information collected based on the collection instructing data 211 are recorded, together with the time when the information has been collected, in the column of the storing area of the collecting data. In the example of Fig. 20, after the work has been started at 8:40 AM, vehicle speed is collected at 8:50 after passage of 10 minutes. In this case, the speed "30k/h" is recorded. At 8:55, after passage of 15 minutes from the start of work, the moving distance of vehicle is collected and the distance "12k" is recorded with the collecting time. As explained above, each piece of information collected in the time interval indicated by the collection instructing data 211 is recorded in the collecting data storing area of the work report file 210. Next, an information collecting method will be explained. Vehicle speed and moving distance of vehicle are collected through a sensor for measuring vehicle speed. A sensor for measuring vehicle speed is attached to a vehicle. The vehicle speed sensor generates and outputs the predetermined number of pulses for each rotation thereof. JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) prescribes that the vehicle speed sensor speed should be attached to the rotating shaft which makes 637 rpm at the speed of 60 km/h. The vehicle speed and moving distance can be computed on the basis of this specification. Traveling distance can be computed by the following equation. Traveling distance (km) = total number of pulses/(637 x number of pulses) Here, "number of pulses" means the number of pulses generated when the vehicle speed sensor makes a turn. Meanwhile, vehicle speed can be computed by the following equation. Vehicle speed (km/h) = Number of pulses/sec. x 3600/(637 x number of pulses) The vehicle speed and moving distance computed as explained above are recorded together with the information collecting time in the storing area of collecting data. The current position of the vehicle can be obtained utilizing GPS (Global Positioning System). As is already explained above, the mobile terminal is provided with GPS driver for receiving a signal from GPS satellites. The GPS system can obtain the latitude and longitude based on the signals received from three GPS satellites. The mobile terminal used in this system detects and verifies the current position of vehicle utilizing such GPS system. Moreover, various pieces of operating information are recorded at the collecting times. Here, it is also possible to collect the current time with a timer provided in the mobile terminal and this structure is most simple. However, since an error is generated to a considerable extent in the timer mounted in each mobile terminal, each timer probably has a different time display in the same time. Therefore, matching of the time information is lost between mobile terminals and accurate time information cannot be collected. Particularly, the working time is computer based on the work starting time and work ending time. Here, the work starting time may be considered, for example, at the time when the vehicle leaves the office and the work ending time at the time when the vehicle has returned to the office. If such work starting time and work ending time cannot be collected, this probably results in various problems for computation of wage and introduction of labor management. The mobile terminal in this embodiment utilizes the GPS also for collection of time information in order to prevent generation of various problems explained above. Since the time information is included in the GPS signal, the accurate time information can be collected, without depending on the timer installed in the mobile terminal, by collecting the time information from the GPS signal. The operating information collected from each vehicle can be managed at each united time by recording in pair the time information collected as explained above with the operating information. The operating information collected as explained above is stored in the work report file preset in the memory area of the mobile terminal. Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating the down-loading procedures of collection instructing data 211 to the computer 220 from the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 222. In this case, the computer 220 down-loads the collection instructing data 211 to the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 222 using an IC card 221. The collection instructing data 211 is stored, together with the respective vehicle ID numbers, in the vehicle database 223 preset in the office computer 220. As shown in Fig. 22, the collection instructing data 211, vehicle speed collecting time interval, moving distance collecting time interval and position information collecting time interval, etc. are set as explained previously. Moreover, in Fig. 22, the number of pulses is identical to the "number of pulses" indicated by the equation (1) or (2). The collection instructing data recorded in the vehicle database 223 is written into the IC card 221 inserted into the computer 220 with a card output unit 224 before the driver leaves the office (1). When the driver inserts the IC card 221 into the mobile terminal 222 before he or she leaves the office, the card input unit 225 of the mobile terminal 222 reads the collection instructing data 211 from the IC card 221 and stores the collection instructing data 211 into the work report file 226 (2). Thereafter, the mobile terminal 222 collects operating information (3) by collecting, for example, the vehicle speed from the vehicle speed sensor 228 based on the collection instructing data 226a stored in the work report file and stores the result as the collecting data into the collecting data storing area 227 together with the time information (4). Fig. 23a is a diagram illustrating down-loading procedures of the collection instructing data to the radio type mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 231 from the office computer 230. In this case, a radio output unit 232 is provided in the office computer 220 to transmit information to the radio input unit of the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 231. From the office computer 230, a message shown in Fig. 23b is transmitted. A message transmitted from the office computer 230 is composed of "function" information 233 and collection instructing data 234. The collection instructing data is composed of "latitude/longitude" information 234a and vehicle speed/moving distance/current position collecting time interval 234b. The mobile terminal 231 receives the message directed to itself from the radio input unit 235 and sets the collection instructing data 236a to the collector 236 of the work report file. Thereafter, depending on the condition indicated in the preset collection instruction data 211, various pieces of operating information are collected, for example, using the vehicle speed sensor 237 and the collecting data is then stored in the collecting data storing area 238 of the work report file. The collecting procedure itself is similar to that shown in Fig. 22. The latitude/longitude information is recorded in the collection instructing data 211 together with the collecting time interval. Moreover, while the vehicle is being, operated, the mobile terminal 231 recognizes its own latitude and longitude using GPS system at the predetermined time or in every movement of predetermined distance. In this embodiment, when the vehicle position matches the latitude and longitude indicated by the collection instructing data 211 (or the vehicle is located within a certain range from the predetermined point), the collection instructing data 211 is replaced using the collected latitude and longitude. Here, the office position is indicated, for example, by latitude xx and longitude yy in Fig. 21. After the vehicle has left the office, the collection instructing data 211 is set to the mobile terminal 231 so that the collection instructing data 211a including a pair of latitude and longitude of "xx, yy" is collected, that is, vehicle speed is collected with time interval of 10 minutes, moving distance with time interval of 15 minutes and vehicle position with time interval of 20 minutes. When the vehicle has reached the position indicated by latitude aa and longitude bb (or in the vicinity of above position), the mobile terminal 231 replaces the collection instructing data 211b, wherein the collection instructing time interval is stored in pair of the latitude/longitude "aa, bb" instructing, in the case of Fig. 21, collection of vehicle speed with time interval of 20 minutes, moving distance with time interval of 20 minutes and vehicle position with time interval of 20 minutes, with the collection instructing data 211b which has been stored in the collector 236. Fig. 24 is a diagram for explaining the reason for changing over the collection instructing data (collecting time interval) depending on the position of the vehicle. Fig. 24 indicates an example for changing the collecting time interval depending on the day, while Fig. 24 indicates an example for changing the collecting time depending on the position arrived. Changeover of the collection instructing data 211 explained above corresponds to that of Fig. 24 and the changeover of the collecting time interval depending on a day is basically identical. In the case of Fig. 24, the collection time interval for vehicle speed is set to 500ms on 0 , 0 (date), but the vehicle speed is collected in every 1000 ms (one second) on X,X (date). In comparison with such collection time intervals, it is obvious that more detailed collection of the operating information can be realized on 0, 0 (date). However, if traffic congestion occurs, moving and stopping of the vehicle are repeated more frequently and vehicle speed changes more precisely. Therefore, it may be necessary to collect the information at a more detailed time interval. In addition, since vehicle speed is assumed to be changed to a smaller extent under the lower traffic condition, the collection time interval can be set longer. A longer collection time interval is effective for reduction in amount of information to be collected. Since traffic congestion can be assumed by statistics, the information collection time interval is set short on the day where traffic congestion may be assumed or is set longer on the day where the traffic congestion is relatively small, to alleviate a load of the information collection processing and to reduce the amount of information to be recorded. In the case of changing the collection time interval depending on a day as explained above, it is enough that the collection instructing data to be written on the IC card 241 carried by the driver is set to the predetermined value with the computer 240 before the vehicle leaves the office. Moreover, it is also possible that the collection instructing data to be recorded in the vehicle database is set previously for each day and the corresponding collection instructing data of that day is read from the vehicle database. Fig. 24 also shows an example in which the vehicle speed is collected every 60 sec when the vehicle is traveling on the freeway, and every 1000 ms (one second) when the vehicle is traveling on an ordinary road. When the vehicle is traveling on the expressway, since the vehicle speed is rather stabilized, any problem may not occur even when the vehicle speed collection time interval is set comparatively longer. On the other hand, when the vehicle is traveling on an ordinary road, the frequency of starting and stopping the vehicle becomes higher and a degree of change in the vehicle speed and moving distance becomes large. Therefore, the vehicle speed information must be collected at shorter time intervals when the vehicle is traveling on an ordinary road. As explained above, it is recommended to change the collection interval of operating information depending on the place where the vehicle is traveling or the operating condition of the vehicle. For instance, in the case of picking-up or distributing goods, since the vehicle operation schedule is previously determined, the route of the vehicle is also previously known. Therefore, the section of the expressway can also be known previously. Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, the position information (for example, exist and entrance of freeway) where the previously known collection instructing data is changed over is set in the collection instructing data. When the fact that the vehicle has passed the relevant position (or in the vicinity thereof) is determined using the GPS system, the collection instructing data is changed at that time. In the case of an example of Fig. 21, information can be collected under the collecting conditions corresponding to discriminated respective conditions of expressway and ordinary road by setting the position information such as toll gate of expressway to the latitude aa and longitude bb. Here, it should be noted that the toll gate of expressway has the width of several meters to several tens of meters. Therefore, the vehicle does not pass through the point having the specified latitude and longitude. Moreover, even if it is assumed that the vehicle passes the specified point, it is difficult depending on the route of the vehicle to prevent an error from being generated in the passing position. Therefore, replacement of the collection instructing data can be done more accurately by giving a certain width to the latitude/longitude information given as the collection instructing data. When the vehicle has passed the range mentioned above, the vehicle has passed the particular point. For example, for the toll gate of an expressway, the latitude/longitude of the center area of toll gate is set as the collection instructing data and the latitude/longitude of the point indicating the circle passing the position separated by 10 meters from the center of toll gate is also set. When the vehicle passes the range within this circle, the vehicle has passed the toll gate. In this case, the radius of the circle can be set freely. Moreover, the latitude/longitude information indicating the circle position is set to the value which does not complicate the position determining process in the mobile terminal. In addition, when the vehicle has passed the range inside the circle, the vehicle has passed the specified point in this embodiment according to the system. When the vehicle has passed the area within the particular square or the point on a certain straight line, the vehicle has passed the specified point according to the system. Changeover of the collection instructing data is not limited only to changeover for expressway and ordinary road. It is also possible to change over the collection instructing data for the road generating traffic congestion and the comparatively vacant road. The criterion for changeover of collection instructing data can be selected freely. Moreover, since the collection instructing data can be transmitted as required by radio communication to the mobile terminal from the office, the point for changing over the collection instructing data may be set to the mobile terminal based on the instruction from the office, based on the conditions of the vehicle. Fig. 25 is a diagram for explaining a collecting data file 253 of the mobile terminal 250 when information collection instructing data 255 is changed over and particularly indicates a format of the information stored in the collecting data file 253. As shown in Fig. 25, the mobile terminal (vehicle computer) 250 receives the signal from the satellite 251 and detects current position thereof with the position detecting unit 257 (3). Moreover, information such as vehicle speed and moving distance of vehicle is collected with the collector 256 based on the vehicle speed sensor 252 (1). In the former half of the collecting data file 253, the vehicle speed, moving distance, vehicle position 253a obtained after the vehicle has left at 8:40 AM the point of latitude xx and longitude yy are recorded (2). In the case of the former half of Fig. 25, the vehicle speed is collected in every 10 minutes, while the moving distance in every 15 minutes and vehicle position in every 20 minutes. Here, when the vehicle has passed the point of latitude aa and longitude bb just at 9:00 AM, the collection instructing data 254 of the format shown in Fig. 21 is changed over to the collection instructing data 255 to collect thereafter the vehicle speed in every 10 minutes, moving distance in every 20 minutes and vehicle position in every 16 minutes. As explained above, the mobile terminal 250 collects the operating information based on the newly set collection instructing data 255 (5) to generate the collected work report information. As the data collected after 9:00 AM, the vehicle speed, moving distance, vehicle position 253b is recorded (6). When the vehicle has returned to the office, a driver inserts the IC card to the office computer (not shown). The office computer accesses the work report file of the IC card to read the recorded collecting data. On the basis of the collecting data read out, the office computer respectively updates the work contents recorded in the driver database and vehicle database to reflect the work contents of that day. Moreover, in the case of radio type mobile terminal, the mobile terminal under operation can transmit the collecting data to the office computer each time when the collecting data is generated, or in every predetermined time or as required. Fig. 26 is a flowchart for explaining the operating information collecting sequence based on the collection instructing data. When the vehicle leaves the office, the mobile terminal refers to position information of the work report file (S1) and obtains the current position of vehicle using GPS to judge whether the vehicle has reached or passed the position indicated in the position information (S2). When several pieces of position information are set in the work report file, respective position information is collated with the current position of vehicle. When the vehicle is judged to have reached the position indicated by the position information, the mobile terminal replaces the current collection instructing data with the collection instructing data stored in a pair of the position information as the new collection instructing data (S2'). In the step S2, when the vehicle is judged not to have reached the position indicated by the position information or after the collection instructing data is replaced in the step S2', the mobile terminal refers to the collection instructing data in the work report file to judge whether the time specified by the collection instructing data has passed or not from the preceding collection of information (S3). When collection of several pieces of information is instructed, passage of time from the preceding collection of information is discriminated for respective information items. In the step S3, when the specified time has not passed, processing returns to the step S1. Meanwhile, when passage of the specified time is judged in the step S3, whether the vehicle has moved or not exceeding the distance instructed by the collection instructing data is judged (S4). When the vehicle is judged, in the step S4, to have moved exceeding the distance instructed, the operating information of the item corresponding to the time interval instructed by the collection instructing data is collected (S5). On the other hand, when the vehicle is judged not have moved the distance instructed in the step S4, operating information of the specified item is collected after the vehicle has moved the distance instructed by the collection instructing data (S5'). Subsequently, the current position of the vehicle when the information is collected and the current time are collected using GPS (S6). Thereafter, the collected operating information is stored in the memory area together with the current position of vehicle and current time collected in the step S6. With repetition of this processing, various pieces of operating information generated during operation of vehicle can be collected automatically. Moreover, the office is further provided with a "vehicle movement management system" for movement management of each vehicle. Communication is carried out by radio between the office and vehicles and the current position of vehicle can easily be detected in the office side by sequentially sending the information indicating the current position of vehicle to the office from the mobile terminal. The office is further provided with a map database storing the map information of respective areas. The movement management system displays superimposed position information received from each vehicle and map information stored in the map database. With such a superimposed display, the current position of vehicle can be detected easily even in the office. As the map information to be displayed on the display screen, the optical one for display of vehicle position must be selected depending on the current position of vehicle received (latitude/longitude). In addition, the movement of each vehicle can be surveyed by, storing the movement of each vehicle into the database (for example, vehicle database) for storing operation achievement, etc. The subsequent survey of movement of each vehicle is very useful for vehicle operation management because the travel route of the vehicle can be reviewed and an effective distribution route can be determined. Moreover, since a message can be sent to the vehicle from the office by radio communication, if an emergency occurs, an instruction for operation management can be transmitted to the specified vehicle. In this case, in order to specify the vehicle, a method, for example, the ID number of the vehicle to be specified is added to the message and the mobile terminal confirms the vehicle ID number transmitted, can be employed. Furthermore, the traffic condition of road can also be detected depending on the movement of each vehicle. Therefore, it is also possible, as required, that the change of operation route and distribution sequence can be transmitted to each vehicle from the office.

Claims: A terminal (250) for a vehicle, the vehicle having a vehicle speed sensor (252) attached to it, and the terminal comprising: a collector (256) which collects, in accordance with a stored time interval, the vehicle speed and the vehicle distance based on the vehicle speed sensor (252); characterized in that : the terminal (250) is a mobile terminal, a position detecting unit (257) is provided to detect a current position of the vehicle; and in that the mobile terminal stores: collection instructing data (254, 255) including a respective time interval for collection of each of the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position; and a collecting data file (253) recording the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position at the respective time interval of the collection instructing data (254, 255) A mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the position of the vehicle detected by the position detecting unit (257) is in the form of a latitude and longitude; the collection instructing data (254, 255) includes time intervals for collection of each of the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position for use at each of a plurality of points of latitude and longitude; and when the vehicle has reached the position indicated by one of the points of latitude and longitude, current collection instructing data used by said collector (256) is changed over to the collection instructing data for use at said one of the points of latitude and longitude. A system comprising the mobile terminal (250) of claim 1 or 2 and a vehicle on which the mobile terminal is mounted, said vehicle having said vehicle speed sensor (252) attached to it. A method of collecting vehicle data using a mobile terminal, the vehicle having a vehicle speed sensor (252) attached to it, and the terminal comprising a collector (256) which collects, in accordance with a stored time interval, the vehicle speed and the vehicle distance based on the vehicle speed sensor (252); characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: storing , in the mobile terminal, collection instructing data (254, 255) including a respective time interval for collection of each of the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position; and, in use of the vehicle: detecting a current position of the vehicle; and recording, in a collecting data file (253) of the mobile terminal, the vehicle speed, vehicle distance and vehicle position at the respective time interval of the collection instructing data (254, 255).

Inventors: HOSHINO MASAO, SATO MIYUKI, HOSHINO, MASAO, SATO, MIYUKI, Hoshino, Masao, Fujitsu Limited, Sato, Miyuki, Fujitsu Limited
Applicants: FUJITSU LTD, FUJITSU LIMITED
Application year: 1996
Main classification: G07C5
IPC codes: B60R25, G07C5, G08G1