EMULSIFIED WATER/SOLVENT CLEANING COMPOSITIONS

Abstract: Aqueous cleaning compositions containing solvents such as butoxy propoxy propanol (BPP) are emulsified using low levels of polyacrylate emulsifiers. Thus, an emulsion comprising BPP, a polyacrylate, optional surfactants, optional 1,2-octanediol and water is applied to fabrics in a home dry cleaning operation.

Description: EMULSIFIED WATER/SOLVENT CLEANING COMPOSITIONS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to emulsified water/solvent dry cleaning and spot removal compositions which are especially adapted for use in the home. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Serial No. 08/413.560, filed March 30, 1995. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION By classical definition, the term "dry cleaning" has been used to describe processes for cleaning textiles using nonaqueous solvents. Dry cleaning is an old art, with solvent cleaning first being recorded in the United Kingdom in the 1860's. Typically, dry cleaning processes are used with garments such as woolens which are subject to shrinkage in aqueous laundering baths, or which are judged to be too valuable or too delicate to subject to aqueous laundering processes. Various hydrocarbon and halocaibon solvents have traditionally been used in dry cleaning processes, and the need to handle and reclaim such solvents has mainly restricted the practice of conventional dry cleaning to commercial establishments. While solvent-based dry cleaning processes are quite effective for removing oily soils and stains, they are not optimal for removing particulates such as clay soils, and may require special treatment conditions to remove proteinaceous stains. Ideally, particulates and proteinaceous stains are removed from fabrics using detersive ingredients and operating conditions which are more akin to aqueous laundering processes than to conventional dry cleaning. In addition to the cleaning function, dry cleaning also provides important "refreshment" benefits. For example, dry cleaning removes undesirable odors and extraneous matter such as hair and lint from garments, which are then generally folded or pressed to remove wrinkles and restore their original shape. Of course, such refreshment benefits are also afforded by aqueous laundering processes. As can be seen from the foregoing, and aside from the effects on certain fabrics such as woolens, there are no special, inherent advantages for solvent-based immersion dry cleaning over aqueous cleaning processes with respect to fabric cleaning or refreshment. Moreover, on a per- gaπnent basis, commercial dry cleaning is much more expensive than aqueous cleaning processes. In contrast with conventional laundry and dry cleaning processes which involve the total immersion of fabrics into aqueous or non-aqueous baths, spot removal involves the application of cleaning ingredients directly to a specific spot or stain, usually with brisk manual agitation Traditional spot remover compositions typically are formulated as sticks or sprays, and can compnse a variety of cleaning ingredients, including some solvents. While various dry cleaning compositions have been suggested in the literature, the majority are designed for use in commercial immersion dry cleaning processes. Most dry cleaning compositions contain very little water. By contrast, the compositions herein employ substantial amounts of water together with organic solvents; accordingly, it is difficult to prepare stable, homogeneous mixtures therefrom. While it might be possible to use large amounts of conventional surfactants to emulsify such water/solvent mixtures, the resulting compositions would tend to leave unacceptable levels of residue on fabrics which are cleaned without a rinse step in the manner disclosed herein. It has now been discovered that certain polyacrylate materials are excellent emulsifiers for water/solvent dry cleaning compositions. Moreover, the polyacrylates are useful at quite low levels. thereby avoiding the residue problem associated with less effective materials. The resulting polyacrylate/water/solvent compositions are smooth and lubricious, and, depending on the solvent employed, can be formulated to have a mild, inoffensive odor. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved compositions for use in cleaning fabrics. It is another object herein to provide stable water/solvent composiuons for use in home dry cleaning systems. These and other objects are secured herein, as will be seen from the following disclosures. BACKGROUND ART Dry cleaning processes are disclosed in: EP 429, 172 Al, published 29.05.91, Leigh, et al.; and in U.S. 5.238,587, issued 8/24/93, Smith, et al. Other references relating to dry cleamng compositions and processes, as well as wrinkle treatments for fabrics, include: GB 1,598.911; and U.S. Patents 4,126,563, 3.949,137, 3,593,544, 3,647,354; 3,432,253 and 1.747,324; and German applicauons 2.021.561 and 2,460,239, 0,208,989 and 4,007,362. Cleaning pre-spotting composiuons and methods are also disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patents 5,102,573; 5.041,230. 4.909,962; 4,115,061; 4,886,615; 4.139,475; 4,849,257; 5.112,358; 4,659,496, 4,806,254, 5,213,624; 4,130.392; and 4,395,261. Sheet substrates for use in a laundry dryer are disclosed in Canadian 1,005.204. U.S. 3,956,556 and 4,007,300 relate to perforated sheets for fabπc conditioning in a clothes dryer. U.S. 4,692,277 discloses the use of 1.2-octanedioi in liquid cleaners SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention encompasses a dry cleaning and spot removal composition, compnsmg: (a) at least about 0.01%. by weight of a polyacrylate emulsifier; (b) from about 1% to about 30%. by weight of an organic solvent, (c) optionally, from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, of detersive surfactants, and (d) water. The polyacrylate emulsifier is available commercially from a variety of sources, and preferably has a molecular weight in the range from about 100.000 to about 10.000.000 The organic solvent used herein is preferably a member selected from the group consisting of butoxy propoxy propanol (BPP; preferred herein), methoxy propoxy propanol (MPP), ethoxy propoxy propanol (EPP), propoxy propoxy propanol (PPP), and mixtures and all isomers thereof, although other organic cleaning solvents may be used. The compositions herein optionally can also compπse a detersive surfactant which is preferably a member selected from the group consisting of amine oxides, alkyl ethoxy sulfates. and mixtures thereof. The alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactants are preferably in their magnesium salt form. In yet another mode, the compositions herein addiuonally comprise at least about 0 05%. by weight, of 1,2-octanediol as a highly preferred wetting agent. The invention also encompasses a method for cleaning fabncs. comprising applying to said fabrics a composition according to the present invenuon. and especially wherein said method is conducted in a hot air clothes dryer. All percentages, ratios and proportions herein are by weight, unless otherwise specified All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The ingredients of the dry cleaning composiuons and their use in the process of the present invention are described seriatim hereinafter. Cleamng Composiuons - The chemical compositions which are used to provide the cleamng function in the present dry cleamng process compπse ingredients which are safe and effective for their intended use Since the process herein does not involve an aqueous nnse step, the cleamng composiuons employ ingredients which do not leave undesirable residues on fabncs when employed in the manner disclosed herein Moreover, since the process may be earned out in a hot air clothes dryer, the composiuons contain only ingredients whose flash points render them safe for such use The cleamng compositions preferably do contain some water, since water not only aids in the cleaning funcuon, but also can help remove wnnkles and restore fabnc drape and appearance, especially in hot air dryers. While conventional laundry detergents are typically formulated to provide good cleamng on cotton and cotton polyester blend fabncs, the cleamng composiuons herein must be formulated to safely and effectively clean and refresh fabncs such as wool. silk, rayon, rayon acetate, and the like In addition, the cleamng compositions herein compπse ingredients which are specially selected and formulated to minimize dye removal from the fabncs being cleaned In this regard, it is recognized that the solvents typically used in immersion dry cleamng processes can remo\e some portion of certain types of dyes from certain types of fabncs However, such removal is tolerable in immersion processes since the d e is removed relatively uniformly across the surface of the fabnc In contrast it has now been determined that high concentrauons of certain types of cleamng ingredients at specific sites on fabnc surfaces can result in unacceptable localized dye removal The preferred cleamng compositions herein are formulated to minimize or avoid this problem The dye removal attπbutes of the present cleamng compositions can be compared with art- disclosed cleaners using photographic or photometric measurements, or by means of a simple, but effective, visual grading test Numeπcal score units can be assigned to assist in visual grading and to allow for staϋsUcal treatment of the data, if desired Thus, in one such test, a colored garment (typically, silk, which tends to be more suscepUble to dye loss than most woolen or rayon substrates) is treated by padding-on cleaner using an absorbent white paper hand towel Hand pressure is applied, and the amount of dye which is transferred onto the white towel is assessed visually Numeπcal units ranging from (1) "I think I see a little dye on the towel", (2) "I know I see some dye on the towel", (3) I see a lot of dye on the towel", through (4) "I know I see quite a lot of dye on the towel" are assigned by panelists Having due regard to the foregoing considerations, the following illustrates the ingredients used in the cleamng compositions herein, but is not intended to be limiting thereof (a) Emulsifier • The composiuons will compnse sufficient polyacrylate emulsifier to provide a stable, homogeneous composition compπsing components (a), (b) and (d) For the emulsifiers disclosed herein, levels as low as 0 05%, preferably 0 07% to about 0 20%, by weight are effecuve Levels above about 0 2% are unnecessary and are preferably not used, thereby avoiding residues on fabncs (b) Solvent - The composiuons will compπse at least about 4%, typically from about 5% to about 25%, by weight, of the solvent The objecuve is to provide at least about 0 4 g, preferably from about 0 5 g to about 2 5 g, of solvent per kg of fabncs being cleaned (c) Water -The composiuons will compnse at least about 60%, typically from about 80% to about 95%, by weight of water Stated otherwise, the objective is to provide at least about 6 g of water per kg of fabncs being cleaned (d) Opuonals - The composiuons herein may compπse vanous optional ingredients. including perfumes, convenuonal surfactants, earners and the like If used, such optional ingredients will typically compnse from about 0 1% to about 10%. by weight of the composiuons, having due regard for residues on the cleaned fabncs The highly preferred emulsifier herein is commercially available under the trademark PEMULEN. The B F Goodnch Company, and is descnbed in U S Patents 4.758 641 and 5.004.557. incorporated herein by reference PEMULEN polymeπc emulsifiers are high molecular weight polyacrylic acid polymers The structure of PEMULEN includes a small poruon that is oil- loving (lipophi c) and a large water-loving (hydrophilic) portion The structure allows PEMULEN to funcuon as a pnmary oil-in-water emulsifier The lipophihc portion adsorbs at the oil-water interface, and the hydrophilic poruon swells in the water forming a network around the oil droplets to provide emulsion stability An important advantage for the use of such polvacrvlate emulsifiers herein is that cleamng composiuons can be prepared hich contain solvents or levels of solvents thai are otherwise not soluble or readily miscible with water. A further advantage is that effective emulsification can be accomplished using PEMULEN-type emulsifier at extremely low usage levels (0.05-0.2%), thereby minimizing the level of any residue left on fabrics following product usage. For comparison, typically about 3-7% of conventional anionic or nonionic surfactants are required to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, which increases the likelihood that a residue will be left on the fabrics. Another advantage is that emulsification (processing) can be accomplished effectively at room temperature. The preferred solvent herein is butoxy propoxy propanol (BPP) which is available in commercial quantities as a mixture of isomers in about equal amounts. The isomers. and mixtures thereof, are all useful herein. The isomer structures are as follows. (The MPP, EPP and PPP solvents also exist as isomers and isomer mixtures, all of which are useful herein.) n— C H 9 — O — C H2C H2C H2 — 0 — C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 — O H C H 3 n— C 4H9— 0 — C H 2 — C — O — C H2C H2C H2— O H H C H 3 n— C 4H9— 0 — C H 2 C H 2 C H2 — 0 — C H 2 — C —0 H H BPP is outstanding for cleaning, and is so effective that it allows the amount of the relatively expensive 1.2-octanediol to be minimized. Moreover, it allows for the formulation of effective cleaning compositions herein without the use of conventional surfactants. Importantly, the odor of BPP is of a degree and character that it can be relatively easily masked by conventional perfume ingredients. While BPP is not completely miscible with water and. hence, could negatively impact processing of the cleaning compositions herein, that potential problem has been successfully overcome by means of the PEMULEN-type polyacrylate emulsifiers. in the manner disclosed herein It has now been determined that 1.2-octanediol ("OD") affords special advantages in the formulation of the cleaning compositions herein. From the standpoint of aesthetics. OD is a relatively innocuous and low odor material. Moreover. OD appears to volatilize from fabric surfaces without leaving visible residues. This is especially important in a dry cleaning process of the present type which is conducted without a rinse step. From the performance standpoint. OD appears to function both as a solvent for greasy/oily stains and as what might be termed a "pseudo-surfactant" for paniculate soils and water-soluble stains. Whatever the physical-chemical reason. OD has now been found to be a supeπor wetting agent with respect to both cleamng and ease-of-use in the present context of home-use cleamng composiuons and processes The BPP solvent used herein is preferably a mixture of the aforesaid isomers In a preferred mode, the cleamng composiuons compnse a mixture of the 1.2-octanedιol and BPP. at a weighi ratio of OD:BPP in the range of from about 1:250 to about 2:1, preferably from about 1:200 to about 1:5. Similar ratios can be used with the MPP, EPP and PPP solvents. While the cleaning compositions herein function quite well with only the emulsifier, the 1.2-octanediol, BPP, PEMULEN and water, they may also optionally contain detersive surfactants to further enhance their cleaning performance. While a wide variety of detersive surfactants such as the Ci2-Cj6 alkyl sulfates and alkylbenzene sulfonates, the C^-C j g ethoxylated (EO 0.5-10 avg.) alcohols, the C j 2-C ] 4 N-methyl glucamides, and the like can be used herein, it is highly preferred to use surfactants which provide high grease/oil removal. Included among such prefeπed surfactants are the C-^-C j g alkyl ethoxy sulfates (AES), especially in their magnesium salt form, and the C^-C j g dimethyl amine oxides. An especially preferred mixture comprises MgAEjS/MgAEg 5S/C12 dimethyl amine oxide, at a weight ratio of about 1: 1: 1. If used, such surfactants will typically comprise from about 0.05% to about 2.5%, by weight of trie cleamng compositions herein. In addition to the preferred solvents and emulsifiers disclosed above, the cleaning compositions herein may comprise various optional ingredients, such as perfumes, preservauves, co- solvents, brighteners, salts for viscosity control. pH adjusters or buffers, anti-static agents, softeners, colorants, mothproofing agents, insect repellents, and the like. Carrier - When used in a dry cleaning operation, the cleaning composiuons are preferably used in combination with a carrier, such that the cleaning composition performs its function as the surfaces of the fabrics being cleaned come in contact with the surface of the carrier. The carrier can be in any desired form, such as powders, flakes, shreds, and the like However, it will be appreciated that such comminuted carriers would have to be separated from the fabrics at the end of the cleamng process. Accordingly, it is highly preferred that the carrier be in the form of an integral pad or sheet which substantially maintains its structural integnty throughout the cleamng process. Such pads or sheets can be prepared, for example, using well-known methods for manufacturing non-woven sheets, paper towels, fibrous batts, cores for bandages, diapers and catamemals. and the like, using materials such as wood pulp, cotton, rayon, polyester fibers, and mixtures thereof. Woven cloth pads may also be used, but are not preferred over non-woven pads due to cost considerations. Integral carrier pads or sheets may also be prepared from natural or synthetic sponges, foams, and the like. The carriers are designed to be safe and effective under the intended operating conditions of the present process. The carriers must not be flammable during the process, nor should they deletenously interact with the cleamng composiuon or with the fabncs being cleaned In general, non-woven polyester-based pads or sheets are quite suitable for use as the earner herein The earner used herein is most preferably lint-resistant By "lint-resistant" herein is meant a earner which resists the shedding of visible fibers or microfibers onto the fabncs being cleaned. 1 e . the deposiuon of what is known in common parlance as "lint" A earner can easily and adequately be judged for its acceptability with respect to lint-resistance by nibbing it on a piece of dark blue woolen cloth and visually inspecting the cloth for lint residues. The lint-resistance of sheet or pad carriers used herein can be achieved by several means, including but not limited to: preparing the carrier from a single strand of fiber; employing known bonding techniques commonly used with nonwoven materials, e.g., point bonding, print bonding, adhesive/resin saturation bonding, adhesive/resin spray bonding, stitch bonding and bonding with binder fibers. In an alternate mode, a carrier can be prepared using an absorbent core, said core being made from a material which, itself, is not lint-resistant. The core is then enveloped within a sheet of porous, lint-resistant material having a pore size which allows passage of the cleaning compositions, but through which lint from the core cannot pass. An example of such a carrier comprises a cellulose or polyester fiber core enveloped in a non-woven polyester scrim. The earner should be of a size which provides sufficient surface area that effective contact between the surface of the carrier and the surface of the fabrics being cleaned is achieved. Of course, the size of the carrier should not be so large as to be unhandy for the user. Typically, the dimensions of the carrier will be sufficient to provide a macroscopic surface area (both sides of the carrier) of at least about 360 cm 2 , preferably in the range from about 360 cm 2 to about 3000 cm 2 . For example, a rectangular carrier may have the dimensions (x-direction) of from about 20 cm to about 35 cm. and (y-direction) of from about 18 cm to about 45 cm. The carrier is intended to contain a sufficient amount of the cleaning composition to be effective for its intended purpose. The capacity of the carrier for the cleaning composiuon will vary according to the intended usage. For example, carrier/cleaning composition pads or sheets which are intended for a single use will require less capacity than such pads or sheets which are intended for multiple uses. For a given type of carrier the capacity for the cleaning composition will var mainly with the thickness or "caliper" (z-direction; dry basis) of the sheet or pad. For purposes of illustration, typical single-use polyester sheets used herein will have a thickness in the range from about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm and a basis weight in the range from about 30 g/m 2 to about 100 g/m 2 . Typical multi-use polyester pads herein will have a thickness in the range from about 0.2 mm to about 1.0 mm and a basis weight in the range from about 40 g/m 2 to about 150 g/m 2 Open-cell sponge sheets will range in thickness from about 0.1 mm to about 1.0 mm. Of course, the foregoing dimensions may vary, as long as the desired quantity of the cleaning composiuon is effectively provided by means of the carrier. Container - The present cleaning process is conducted using a flexible container The fabncs to be cleaned are placed within the container with the earner/cleaning composiuon article, and the container is agitated, thereb providing contact between the camer/cleaning composiuon and the surfaces of the fabncs The flexible container used herein can be provided in any number of configurations, and is conveniently in the form of a flexible pouch, or "bag", which has sufficient volume to contain the fabrics being cleaned. Suitable containers can be manufactured from any economical material, such as polyester, polypropylene, and the like, with the proviso that it must not melt if used in contact with hot dryer air. It is preferred that the walls of the container be substantially impermeable to water vapor and solvent vapor under the intended usage conditions. It is also preferred that such containers be provided with a sealing means which is sufficiently stable to remain closed during the cleaning process. Simple tie strings or wires, various snap closures such as ZIP LOK® closures, and VELCRO®-type closures, contact adhesive, adhesive tape, zipper-like closures, and the like, suffice. The container can be of any convenient size, and should be sufficiently large to allow tumbling of the container and fabrics therein, but should not be so large as to interfere with the operation of the tumbling apparatus. With special regard to containers intended for use in hot air clothes dryers, the container must not be so large as to block the air vents. If desired, the container may be small enough to handle only a single shirt, blouse or sweater, or be sufficiently large to handle a man's suit. Process - The present cleaning process can be conducted in any manner which provides mechanical agitation, such as a tumbling action, to the container with the fabrics being cleaned. If desired, the agitation may be provided manually. However, in a convenient mode a container with the carrier/cleaning composition and enveloping the soiled fabric is sealed and placed in the drum of an automatic clothes dryer. The drum is allowed to revolve, which imparts a tumbling action to the container and agitation of its contents concurrently with the tumbling. By virtue of this agitation. the fabrics come in contact with the carrier releasably containing and carrying the cleaning composition. It is preferred that heat be employed during the process. Of course, heat can easily be provided in a clothes dryer. The tumbling and optional (but preferred) heating is carried out for a period of at least about 10 minutes, typically from about 20 minutes to about 30 minutes. The process can be conducted for longer or shorter periods, depending on such factors as the degree and type of soiling of the fabrics, the nature of the soils, the nature of the fabrics, the fabric load, the amount of heat applied, and the like, according to the needs of the user. The following illustrates a typical process in more detail, but is not intended to be limiting thereof. EXAMPLE I A dry cleamng article in sheet form is assembled using a sheet substrate and a cleaning composition prepared by admixing the following ingredients. Ingredient % (wt.) PEMULEN TR-1* 0.15 BPP β * 7.0 1.2-octanedιol 0.5 Surfactant Mixture"' 0.50 KOH 0 08 Perfume 0 75 Water Balance ♦ PEMULEN TR-2, B F Goodnch, may be subsϋtuted **Isomer mixture, available from Dow Chemical Co ♦ ••Mixture of MgAE j S, MgAEg 5S and C j 2 amine oxide, in the range of 1 1 1 to 0 5 1 1 A non-hntmg earner sheet is prepared using a non-woven, two-ply fabnc stock compπsing polyester fibers, caliper 0 25 mm to 0 34 mm, basis weight 84 g/m 2 The fabnc is cut into square earner sheets, approximately 25 cm on a side, 1 e , 625 cm 2 sheets Three or four rows of regularly- spaced 1 27 cm (0 5 in ) diameter circular holes are punched through the sheet (The finished sheet can later be folded for packaging, and when unfolded and used in the manner disclosed herein, the holes help maintain the sheet in the desired unfolded configurauon ) 23 Grams of the above-noted cleamng composiuon are evenly applied to the sheet by spreading onto the sheet with a roller or spatula using hand pressure In an alternative mode, the cleamng composition can be applied by dipping or spraying the composiuon onto the substrate. followed by squeezing with a roller or pair of p rollers, 1 e , by "dip-squeezing" or "spray squeezing" The external surfaces of the sheet are damp but not tacky to the touch A dry cleamng sheet of the foregoing type is unfolded and placed flat in a plasuc bag having a volume of about 25,000 cm-' together with about 2 kg of dry garments to be cleaned The bag is closed, sealed and placed in a conventional hot-air clothes dryer When the garments and the dry cleamng sheet are placed in the bag, the air is preferably not squeezed out of the bag before closing and sealing This allows the bag to billow, thereby providing sufficient space for the fabncs and cleamng sheet to tumble freely together The dryer is started and the bag is tumbled for a peπod of 20-30 minutes at a dryer air temperature in the range from about 50°C to about 85°C Dunng this ume. the dry cleamng sheet remains substanually in the desired open position, thereby providing effective contact with the fabncs After the machine cycle is complete, the bag and its contents are removed from the dryer, and the spent dry cleamng sheet is discarded The plasuc bag is retained for re-use The garments are cleaned and refreshed The water present in the cleamng composiuon serves to minimize wnnkles in the fabncs In an alternate mode, heavily soiled areas of the fabnc being cleaned can optionally be pre- treated by pressing or rubbing a fresh dry cleamng sheet according to this invention on the area The sheet and pre-treated fabnc are then placed in the container, and the dry cleamng process is conducted in the manner descnbed herein The composiuons prepared in the manner of this m enuon can also be directly applied to isolated spots and stains on fabncs in the manner of a spot remover product The following illustrates this aspect of the invenuon. but is not intended to be limiung thereof EXAMPLE H A spot remo er composiuon compπscs the following Ingredients *» (wt ) PEMULEN 0.15 BPP* 7.0 1,2-Octanediol 0.5 Perfume 0.75 Water Balance ♦ May be replaced by an equivalent amount of MPP, EPP and PPP, respectively, or mixtures thereof, and mixtures thereof with BPP. The composition is directly padded or sprayed onto spots and stains, followed by rubbing, to effect their removal. In an alternate mode, the composition can be gelled or thickened using conventional ingredients to provide a "stick-form" spot remover. Having thus described and exemplified the present invention, the following further illustrates various cleaning compositions which can be formulated and used in the practice thereof. EXAMPLE m Ingredient % (wt.) Formula Range BPP* 5-25% 1,2- ctanediol 0.1-7% MgAE { S 0.01-0.8% MgAE 6 5 S 0.01-0.8% C j 2 Dimethyl Amine Oxide 0.01-0.8% PEMULEN" 0.05-0.20% Perfume 0.01-1.5% Water Balance pH Range from about 6 to about 8. ♦ Other co-solvents which can be used herein together with the BPP, MPP, EPP and PPP primary solvents include various glycol ethers, including materials marketed under trademarks such as Carbitol, methyl Carbitol, butyl Carbitol, propyl Carbitol, hexyl Cellosolve, and the like. If desired, and having due regard for safety and odor for in-home use, various conventional chlorinated and hydrocarbon dry cleamng solvents may also be used. Included among these are 1,2-dichloroethane. trichloroethylene, isoparaffins, and mixtures thereof ♦ *As disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,758.641 and 5,004,557, such polyacrylates include homopolymers which may be crosslinked to varying degrees, as well as non-crosslinked. Preferred herein are homopolymers having a molecular weight in the range of from about 100,000 to about 10.000.000. preferably 200,000 to 5.000.000. Excellent cleaning performance is secured using any of the foregoing non-immersion processes and articles to provide from about 5 g to about 50 g of the cleamng composiuons per kilogram of fabric being cleaned. Use of the polyacrylate emulsifier at the indicated low levels minimizes residues on the fabrics 11 EXAMPLE IV A dry cleaning composition with reduced tendency to cause dye "bleeding" or removal from fabrics as disclosed above is as follows. INGREDIENT PERCENT (wt.) (RANGE) Butoxypropoxy propanol (BPP) 7.000 4.0 - 25.0% NEODOL 23 - 6.5* 0.750 0.05 - 2.5% 1,2-Octanediol 0.500 0.1 - 10.0% Perfume 0.750 0.1 - 2.0% Pemulen TR-1 0.125 0.05 - 0.2% Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 0.060 0.024 - 0.10 Potassium Chloride 0.075 0.02 - 0.20 Water (distilled or deionized) 90.740 60.0 - 95.0% Target pH = 7.0 ♦ Shell; C^-C^ alcohol, ethoxylated with average EO of 6.5. 15-25 Grams of a composition of the foregoing type are placed on a carrier sheet for use in the manner disclosed herein. A preferred carrier substrate comprises a binderless (or optional low binder), hydroentangled absorbent material, especially a material which is formulated from a blend of cellulosic, rayon, polyester and optional bicomponent fibers. Such materials are available from Dexter, Non-Wovens Division, The Dexter Corporation as HYDRASPUN®. especially Grade 10244. T e manufacture of such materials forms no part of this invention and is already disclosed in the literature. See, for example, U.S. Patents 5,009.747, Viazmensky, et al., April 23, 1991 and 5,292,581, Viazmensky, et al., March 8, 1994, incorporated herein by reference. Preferred materials for use herein have the following physical properties. Grade Optional 10244 Targets Range Basis Weight gm/m 2 55 35-75 Thickness microns 355 100-1500 Density gm/cc 0.155 0.1-0.25 Dry Tensile gm/25 mm MD 1700 400-2500 CD 650 100-500 Wet Tensile gm 25 mm MD^ 700 200-1250 CD* 300 100-500 Brightness % 80 60-90 Absorption Capacity % 735 400-900 (H 2 0) Drv Mullen gm/cm 1050 700-1200 ♦ MD - machine direction; CD - cross direction As disclosed in U.S. 5,009,747 and 5,292,281, the hydroentangling process provides a nonwσven material which comprises cellulosic fibers, and preferably at least about 5% by weight of synthetic fibers, and requires less than 2% wet strength agent to achieve improved wet strength and wet toughness. Surprisingly, this hydroentangled carrier is not merely a passive absorbent for the cleaning compositions herein, but actually optimizes cleaning performance. While not intending to be limited by theory, it may be speculated that this carrier is more effective in delivering the cleaning composition to soiled fabrics. Or, this particular carrier might be better for removing soils by contact with the soiled fabrics, due to its mixture of fibers. Whatever the reason, improved dry cleaning performance is secured. In addition to the improved cleamng performance, it has now been discovered that this hydroentangled carrier material provides an additional, unexpected benefit due to its resiliency. In- use, the dry cleaning sheets herein are designed to function in a substantially open configuration, However, the sheets are packaged and sold to the consumer in a folded configuration. It has been discovered that carrier sheets made from conventional materials tend to undesirably revert to their folded configuration in-use. This undesirable attribute can be overcome by perforating such sheet, but this requires an additional processing step. It has now been discovered that the hydroentangled materials used to form the carrier sheet herein do not tend to re-fold during use, and thus do not require such perforations (although, of course, perforations may be used, if desired). Accordingly, this newly-discovered and unexpected attribute of the carrier materials herein makes them optimal for use in the manner of the present invention. A sheet of the foregoing type is placed together with the fabrics to be dry cleaned in a flexible containment bag having dimensions as noted hereinabove and sealing means. In a preferred mode, the containment bag is constructed of thermal resistant film in order to provide resistance to hot spots (350°F-400°F; 177°C to 204°C) which can develop in some dryers. This avoids internal self-sealing and external surface deformation of the bag, thereby allowing the bag to be re-used. In a preferred embodiment 0.0025 mm to 0.0075 mm thickness nylon film is convened into a 26 inch (66 cm) x 30 in. (76 cm) bag. Bag manufacture can be accomplished in a conventional manner using standard impulse heating equipment air blowing techniques, and the like. In an alternate mode, a sheet of nylon is simply folded in half and sealed along two of its edges. In addition to thermally stable "nylon-only" bags, the containment bags herein can also be prepared using sheets of co-extruded nylon and/or polyester or nylon and/or polyester outer and/or inner layers surrounding a less thermally suitable inner core such as polypropylene. In an alternate mode, a bag is constructed using a nonwoven outer "shell" comprising a heat-resistant material such as nylon or polyethylene terephthalate and an inner sheet of a polymer which provides a vapor barrier. The non-woven outer shell protects the bag from melting and provides an improved tactile impression to the user. Whatever the construction, the objective is to protect the bag's integrity under conditions of thermal stress at temperatures up to at least about 400-500°F (204°C to 260°C). Nylon VELCRO®-type, ZIP-LOK®-type and/or zipper-type closures can be used to seal the bag, in- use. Besides the optional nonionic surfactants used in the cleaning compositions herein, which are preferably Cg-C j g ethox lated (E01-15) alcohols or the corresponding ethoxy lated alkyl phenols, the compositions contain enzymes to further enhance cleaning performance. Lipases. amylases and protease enzymes, or mixtures thereof, can be used. If used, such enzymes will typically comprise from about 0.001% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 1%, by- weight of the composition. Commercial detersive enzymes such as LIPOLASE, ESPERASE, ALCALASE, SAVINASE and TERMAMYL (all ex. NOVO) and MAXATASE and RAPIDASE (ex. International Bio-Synthesis, Inc.) can be used. If an antistatic benefit is desired, the compositions used herein can contain an anti-static agent. If used, such anti-static agents will typically comprise at least about 0.5%, typically from about 2% to about 8%, by weight of the compositions. Preferred anti-stats include the series of sulfonated polymers available as VERSAFLEX 157, 207, 1001, 2004 and 7000, from National Starch and Chemical Company. The compositions herein can optionally be stabilized for storage using conventional preservatives such as KATHON® at a level of 0.001%-1%, by weight. If the compositions herein are used in a spot-cleaning mode, they are preferably pressed (not rubbed) onto the fabric at the spotted area using an applicator pad comprising looped fibers, such as is available as APLIX 200 or 960 Uncut Loop, from Aplix, Inc., Charlotte, NC. An underlying absorbent sheet or pad of looped fibers can optionally be placed beneath the fabric in this mode of operation.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A dry cleaning and spot removal composition, characterized in that it comprises: (a) at least 0.01% by weight of a polyacrylate emulsifier, (b) from 1% to 30%, by weight of an organic cleaning solvent; (c) optionally, from 0.05% to 5% by weight of detersive surfactants; and (d) water. 2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the polyacrylate emulsifier has a molecular weight in the range from 100,000 to 10,000,000. 3. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the organic solvent is a member selected from the group consisting of the monomethyl-, monoethyl- monopropyl-, and monobutylethers of propoxylated propanol, and mixtures thereof. 4. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the detersive surfactant is a member selected from the group consisting of amine oxides, alkyl ethoxy sulfates, ethoxylated alcohols, and mixtures thereof. 5. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein the alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactant is in its magnesium salt form. 6. A composition according to Claim 1 which additionally comprises at least 0.05% by weight of 1,2-octanediol. 7. A method for cleaning fabrics, characterized in that it comprises applying to said fabrics a composition according to Claim 1. 8. A method according to Claim 7 which is conducted in a hot air clothes dryer.

Inventors: ROETKER TIMOTHY CLAIR, ROETKER, TIMOTHY, CLAIR
Applicants: PROCTER & GAMBLE, THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
Application year: 1996
Main classification: D06L1
IPC codes: C11D3, C11D7, C11D17, D06L1