FRICTION RESISTANCE GENERATOR

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to realize a device of simple construction for generating at all times a steady and appropriate friction resistance even if the speed changes relative to the rotational or linear movement of an object and also easily controlling the magnitude of frictional force by changing loads. In other words, when a rotational body (1) is caused to rotate in a state in which a load is axially applied thereto, each roller (2) rolls while in contact with the rotational body (1) and a receiving body (3). Since each roller (2) is forced to move along the rotational track of the rotational body (1) by being prevented by a cage (4) from rolling in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the rotational track of the rotational body (1), a friction force in proportion to an axial load is generated between each roller (2) and the rotational body (1) and the receiving body (3). At that time, since each roller (2) slips while rolling, combined sliding friction and rolling friction are generated, whereby a steady resistance can be obtained.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention The present invention relates to a friction resistance generator for applying discretionary resistance by frictional force to rotary movement or rectilinear movement in various kinds of machines and equipment. 2. Description of the Prior Art Bearings or guides being so far known as one type of mechanical elements can be broadly categorized into slide bearings or slide guides which are structured to support movable members through the aid of lubricating oil and roller bearings or roller guides which are structured to support the movable members through the aid of balls or rollers . They are intended to make the movable members always move smoothly diminishing the friction resistance between mating members as small as possible. Consequently, since conventional bearings or guides are not intended to apply resistance to moving members to control the moving force, additional attenuation means such as a shock absorber or damper becomes necessary when it is necessary to control the moving speed of the movable member to a constant level. The U.S. Patent No. 3,034,365 discloses a "Friction producing device for transmitting or destroying forces". The device comprises two disk shaped rotary members arranged opposite with respect to each other and a center plate between the rotary members. The center plate is provided with cut outs for accommodating rollers in a freely rotating manner. The axis of rolling of the rollers is inclined by a predetermined angle. Therefore, friction is produced in case of relative movements between the rotary members and the center plate by which a breaking effect is achieved. The same principle is used for breaking a rectilinear movement according to one embodiment of the U.S. Patent Nr. 3,034,365. The present invention was conceived in view of the above problems. It is therefore an object thereof to provide a mechanism of a simple structure for generating always stable and discretionary frictional resistance to rotary movement or rectilinear movement of various material bodies at any moving speeds and, moreover, for easily controlling magnitude of said frictional force by changing the load. To comply with this object, the generator according to the invention is characterized by the features of claims 1, 5 and 8. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a friction resistance generator comprising a rotary member which rotates on a prescribed axis of rotation, a passive member which faces the rotary member in the axial direction, numerous rollers being located between the rotary member and the passive member, said rollers making rolling motions in contact with the rotary member and the passive member, and a cage which maintains the rollers at prescribed intervals along a prescribed peripheral line around the axis of rotation of the rotary member while allowing free rolling of the rollers, in which axes of rolling of the rollers are so inclined to produce a prescribed angle between a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member. With the aforesaid friction resistance generator, when the rotary member is rotated while applying a load toward the axial direction, respective rollers roll in contact with the rotary member and the passive member. Since the rollers roll along a track of rotation of the rotary member while being restricted by the cage to roll in a direction inclined by a prescribed angle to the track of rotation of the rotary member, frictional force commensurate with the load applied toward the axial direction occurs between the rollers and the rotary member, and between the rollers and the passive member. At this time, since the rollers slide while making rolling motions, sliding friction and rolling friction become combined to cause more stable frictional force. In this instance, by optional setting of the inclination angle of the axes of rolling of the rollers, frictional force corresponding to the preset inclination angle can be obtained. Also, with the aforesaid friction resistance generator, respective rollers are mainteined, for free tilting, so that the inclination angle of the axes of rolling of respective rollers to the plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member when the rotary member rotates in one direction of rotation becomes different from an inclination angle of the axes of rolling of the rollers to the plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member when the rotary member rotates in the other direction of rotation. By this structure, it is possible, for example, to produce larger frictional force when the rotary member rotates in one direction of rotation and to produce smaller fractional force when the rotary member rotates in the other direction of rotation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of a first preferred embodiment of this invention. Fig. 2 shows partial enlarged views of the drawing in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of modification of a friction resistance generator of the first embodiment of this invention. Fig. 4 shows partial enlarged views of the drawing in Fig. 7. Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of modification of a friction resistance generator of the first embodiment of this invention. Fig. 6 shows partial enlarged views of the drawing in Fig. 9. Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the first preferred embodiment of this invention. Fig. 8 shows partial enlarged views of the drawing in Fig. 11. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are explanatory drawings indicating movement occurring in the first embodiment of this invention. Fig. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of a second embodiment of this invention. Fig. 12 shows partial enlarged views of the drawing in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of a third embodiment of this invention Fig. 14 shows expanded sectional views of the drawing in Fig. 33. Fig. 15 shows expanded sectional views of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 16 shows expanded sectional views of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 17 is an exploded perspective view of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 18 shows expanded sectional views of the drawing in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 shows expanded sectional views of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 20 is an exploded perspective view of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 21 shows expanded sectional views of the drawing in Fig. 20. Fig. 22 are explanatory drawings indicating movement occurring in the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 23 is an exploded perspective view of a modification of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment of this invention. Fig. 24 shows expanded sectional views of the drawing in Fig. 23. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a first embodiment of this invention: Fig. 1 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of the first embodiment; Fig. 2 (a) being a partial enlarged view of a cross-section in the radial direction of the drawing in Fig. 1; and Fig. 6 (b) being a partial enlarged view of a portion seen from the axial direction of the drawing in Fig. 1. The friction resistance generator comprises a rotary member 10 rotating on its axis of rotation, numerous rollers 11 disposed along a track of rotation of the rotary member 10, numerous balls 12 similarly disposed along the track of rotation of the rotary member 10, a passive member 13 which coaxially faces the rotary member 10 across the rollers 11 and the balls 12, and a cage 14 which maintains the rollers 11 and the balls 12 individually at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state. The rotary member 10 is in the form of a ring shape and its surface facing the passive member 13 is a flat plane. Also, in the flat plane of the rotary member 10, a circular groove 10a having a V-shaped cross-section is provided in continuation along the peripheral direction and the balls 12 are individually engaging with the circular groove 10a in freely rotatable state. The rollers 11 are in the form of an cylindrical shape extending straight in their axial direction and disposed at equal intervals along the peripheral direction of the rotary member 10. Also, both ends of the rollers 11 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 11 and the cage 14. The balls 12 are disposed along the peripheral direction of the rotary member 10, being located alternately between each roller 11. The passive member 13 is also in the form of a ring shape and the surface facing the rotary member 10 is a flat plane. In the flat plane of the passive member 13, similar to the aforesaid rotary member 10, a circular groove 13a having a V-shaped cross-section is provided in continuation along its peripheral direction and the balls 12 are engaging individually with the groove 13a. The cage 14 is in the form of a ring shape and its thickness in the axial direction is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 11. The cage 14 is provided with numerous slots 14a to maintain the rollers 11 individually and numerous holes 14b to maintain the balls 12 individually. Each roller 11 is maintained in each slot 14a and each ball 12 is maintained in each hole 14b in freely rotatable state. The slots 14a for the rollers 11 are so disposed that axes of rolling of the rollers 11 are inclined to make a prescribed angle to a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 10, but toward opposite directions alternately. With the friction resistance generator of the first embodiment, since the balls 12 are engaging individually with the circular grooves 10a and 13a of the rotary member 10 and passive member 13, respectively, there is no fear of displacement between the rotary member 10 and the passive member 13 in the radial direction. In this instance, the balls 12 are engaging with the circular grooves 10a and 13a with slight clearance in order not to interfere the contacts between the rollers 11 and the rotary member 10 and between the rollers 11 and the passive member 13. Also, since respective rollers 11 are inclined toward the opposite directions alternately, their resistance characteristics remain always same in either direction of rotation of the rotary member 10. Meanwhile, the principle of occurrence of the frictional force is the same as the preceding preferred embodiment of this invention. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a modification of the first embodiment of this invention: Fig. 3 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator; Fig. 8 (a) being a partial enlarged view of a cross-section in the radial direction of the drawing in Fig. 3; and Fig. 4 (b) being a partial enlarged view of a portion seen from the axial direction of the drawing in Fig. 3. The friction resistance generator comprises a rotary member 20 rotating on its axis of rotation, numerous rollers 21 disposed along a track of rotation of the rotary member 20, a passive member 22 which coaxially faces the rotary member 20 across the rollers 21, and a cage 23 which maintains the rollers 21 at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state. The rotary member 20 is in the form of a ring shape and, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), its surface facing the passive member 22 is a rounded convex face in radial cross sections. The numerous rollers 21 are disposed at equal intervals along the peripheral direction of the rotary member 20 and their profile is such that the narrowed central part widens toward both ends gradually. Also, both ends of the rollers 21 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 21 and the cage 23. The passive member 22 is in the form of a ring shape and its surface facing the rotary member 20 is a rounded convex face in radial cross sections, similar to the surface of the rotary member 20. The cage 23 is in the form of a ring shape and its thickness in the axial direction is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 21. The cage 23 is provided with numerous slots 23a to maintain the rollers 21. Each roller 21 is maintained in each slot 23a in freely rotatable state. Also, the slots 23a are so disposed that each axis of rolling of each roller 21 is inclined by a prescribed angle to a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 20. With the friction resistance generator of this modification, since the peripheral surfaces of the rollers 21 are so shaped to properly fit to the rounded convex surface of the rotary member 20 and the passive member 22, occurrences of displacement in its axial direction of each roller 21 can be restricted, thereby preventing displacements in the radial direction between the rotary member 20 and the passive member 22. Also, the restriction against motions of the rollers 21 toward their axial direction by their center-narrowed profile and the effect of varying outer diameter toward both ends along the axial direction of each roller 21 produce extra frictional force, thereby providing greater resistance force. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show a further modification of the first embodiment of this invention: Fig. 5 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of the fourth preferred embodiment; Fig. 6 (a) being a partial enlarged view of a cross-section in the radial direction of the drawing in Fig. 5; and Fig. 6 (b) being a partial enlarged view of a portion seen from the axial direction of the drawing in Fig. 5. The friction resistance generator comprises a rotary member 30 rotating on its axis of rotation, numerous rollers 31 disposed along a track of rotation of the rotary member 30, a passive member 32 which coaxially faces the rotary member 30 across the rollers 31, and a cage 33 which maintains the rollers 31 at equal intervals in freely rotatable state. The rotary member 30 is in the form of a ring shape and, as shown in Fig. 6 (a), its surface facing the passive member 32 is a rounded concave shape in radial cross sections. The numerous rollers 31 are disposed at equal intervals along the peripheral direction of the rotary member 30 and their profile is such that the thickened central part narrows toward both ends gradually. Also, both ends of the rollers 31 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 31 and the cage 33. The passive member 32 is in the form of a ring shape and, similar to the rotary member 30, its surface facing the rotary member 30 is a rounded concave shape in radial cross sections. The cage 33 is in the form of a ring shape and its thickness in the axial direction is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 31. The cage 33 is provided with numerous slots 33a to maintain the rollers 31. Each roller 31 is maintained in each slot 33a in freely rotatable state. Also, the slots 33a are so disposed that each axis of rolling of each roller is inclined by a prescribed angle to a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 30. Fig. 7 to Fig. 10 show another modification of the first embodiment of this invention: Fig. 7 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of this modification; Fig. 8 (a) being a partial enlarged view of a cross-section in the radial direction of the drawing in Fig. 7; and Fig. 8 (b) being a partial enlarged view of a portion seen from the axial direction of the drawing in Fig. 7. The friction resistance generator comprises a rotary member 40 rotating on its axis of rotation, numerous rollers 41 disposed along a track of rotation of the rotary member 40, a passive member 41 coaxially facing the rotary member 40 across the rollers 41, a cage 43 which maintains the rollers 41 at equal intervals in freely rotatable state, and numerous springs 44 which push respective rollers 41 toward a prescribed peripheral direction of the rotary member 40. The rotary member 40 is in the form of a ring shape and its surface facing the passive member 42 is a flat plane. The numerous rollers 41 are in the form of a cylindrical shape extending straight in their axial direction and disposed at equal intervals along the peripheral direction of the rotary member 40. Also, both ends of the rollers 41 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 41 and the cage 43. The passive member 42 is in the form of a ring shape and its surface facing the rotary member 40 is a flat plane. Also, around the periphery of the passive member 42, a flange 42a to cover up the peripheral surface of the rotary member 40 is provided. The cage 43 is in the form of a ring shape and its thickness in the axial direction is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 41. The cage 43 is provided with numerous openings 43a to maintain the rollers 41. Each roller 41 is maintained in each opening 43a in freely rotatable state. Each opening 43a is in the form of a fan-shape with its pivot matching to the position of one end of each roller 41. One side of each opening 43a extending from the pivot is designed in parallel with a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 40 and the other side of each opening 43a extending from the pivot is designed to incline by a prescribed angle to a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 40. Also, numerous elastic convexities 43b forming a corrugated ring are provided around the periphery of the cage 43. The numerous elastic convexities 4b are placed in elastically compressed contact with the inner peripheral surface of the flange 42a of the passive member 42. The springs 44 are attached beside respective openings 43a of the cage 43. One end of each spring 44 is fastened to the cage 43, and the other end of each spring 44 abuts to each roller 41, thereby pushing the rollers 41 to a position maintaining an inclination to the track of rotation of the rotary member 40. With the friction resistance generator of the aforementioned structure, as shown in Fig. 9, when the rotary member 40 is rotated in a prescribed direction (clockwise in the drawing) while applying a load in the axial direction, respective rollers 41 make rolling motions being in contact with the rotary member 40 and the passive member 42, consequently the cage 43 trails to rotate together. At that time, since respective rollers 41 are motivated to roll toward a direction being inclined from the track of rotation of the rotary member 40, similar to the case of the preceding preferred embodiment, a frictional force in proportion to the magnitude of the load applied toward the axial direction occurs between the rollers 41 and the rotary member 40 and between the rollers 41 and the passive member 42. Also, as shown in Fig. 10, when the rotary member 40 is rotated toward the opposite direction (counter-clockwise in the drawing), respective rollers 41 make rolling motions being in contact with the rotary member 40 and with the passive member 42 and, at the same time, they tilt their position inside respective openings 43a of the cage 43 and the axes of rolling of respective rollers 41 come in parallel with a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 40. When this happens, since the axes of rolling of respective rollers 41 are not inclined to the track of rotation of the rotary member 40, sliding friction does not occur with respective rollers 41, thus allowing the rotary member 40 to rotate smoothly. Also, since the elastic convexities 43b being provided around the periphery of the cage 43 is in compressed contact with the flange 42a of the passive member 42, when the direction of rotation is changed, respective rollers 41 are prompted to tilt their position to the other side of the openings 43a inasmuch as the cage 43 always remain retarded from the rolling motion of respective rollers 41 due to the contact resistance with the passive member 42. Moreover, since respective rollers 41 are always motivated to stay at the position not making inclination to the track of rotation of the rotary member 40 whichever the direction of rotation may be, respective rollers 41 are tilted forcefully by respective springs 44 when the direction of rotation is turned to the direction wherein application of a resistance is required. Thus, with this friction resistance generator, since respective rollers 41 are so designed to tilt between the direction where the axes of rolling of the rollers 41 come in parallel with the plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member 40 and the direction where the axes of rolling of the rollers 41 become inclined to the axis of rotation of the rotary member 40, resistance occurring from the frictional force of respective rollers 41 can be exerted to the rotation of the rotary member 40 in one direction of rotation and smooth rotation can be acquired in the other direction of rotation. Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 show a further modification of the second embodiment of this invention: Fig. 11 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of the thirteenth preferred embodiment; Fig. 12 (a) being a partial enlarged view of a portion seen from the radial direction of the drawing in Fig. 11; and Fig. 12 (b) being a partial enlarged view of a cross section along the radial direction of the drawing in fig. 11. The friction resistance generator comprises a rotary member 120 rotating on its axis of rotation, numerous rollers 121 disposed along a track of rotation of the rotary member 120, numerous balls 122 similarly disposed along the track of rotation of the rotary member 120, a pair of passive members 123 and 124 which are positioned to cover the outer periphery of the rotary member 120 across the rollers 121 and the balls 122, a cage 125 which maintains the rollers 121 and the balls 122 at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state, and a disc spring 126 which works to apply pre-load from the rotary member 120 and one 123 of the pair of passive members to the rollers 121. The rotary member 120 is in the form of a ring shape and the portion of its outer peripheral surface facing the bore surface of the one 123 of the two passive members is in the form of a conical shape. The remaining outer peripheral surface facing the bore surface of the passive member 124 is provided with a ring groove 120a tracing in continuation along the peripheral direction. The balls 122 are in engagement with the ring groove 120a in freely rotatable state. The rollers 121 are in the form of a conical shape being disposed at equal intervals along the peripheral direction of the rotary member 120. The rollers 121 are so directed that their smaller diameter ends come to the smaller diameter side of the conically shaped part of the rotary member 120 and their larger diameter ends come to the larger diameter side of the conically shaped part of the rotary member 120. Also, as shown in Fig. 12 (b), each roller 121 is so positioned that an intersecting point X of the lines extended along both sides of its conical body surfaces toward the axial direction does not coincide with the axis of rotation (indication being omitted from the drawing) of the rotary member 120. The balls 122 are located between the rotary member 120 and the passive member 124 at equal intervals in the peripheral direction of the rotary member 120. The passive members 123 and 124 are in the form of ring shapes, one 123 of the pair of passive members carries conical shaped surface on a plane facing the rotary member 120 and the other passive member 124 carries flat shaped surface on the plane facing the rotary member 120. The passive members 123 and 124 are provided with numerous keys 123a and key grooves 124a extending toward the axial direction in the outer periphery and inner periphery, respectively, and they are coupled by engaging the keys 123a and the key grooves 124a for free movement in the axial direction. Also, the passive member 124 is provided with a ring groove 124b tracing in continuation along the peripheral direction, similar to the rotary member 120. The balls 122 are also in engagement with the ring groove 124b in freely rotatable state. The cage 125 is in the form of a ring shape and its portion facing one 123 of the passive members is formed to a conical shape. The cage 125 is provided with numerous slots 125a and numerous holes 125b to individually maintain the rollers 121 and the balls 122, respectively, and the slots 125a to maintain the rollers 121 are located along the conically shaped portion of the surface of the case 125. The disc spring 126 is in the form of a ring shape being made of a disc shaped spring material having elasticity toward the axial direction. The disc spring 126 is inserted between the passive members 123 and 124 in compressed state, pushing the passive members 123 and 124 apart from each other toward the axial direction. With the friction resistance generator of this embodiment, when the rotary member 120 is rotated, the rollers 121 make rolling motions in contact with the surfaces of the rotary member 120 and one 123 of the passive members, consequently the cage 125 also makes trailing rotation. At that time, since the balls 122 are engaging with the ring grooves 120a of the rotary member 120 and the ring groove 124b of the passive member 124, respectively, dislocation toward the axial direction of the rotary member 120 and the passive member 124 are prevented. Also, since each roller 121 is so positioned that the intersecting point X of the lines extended along both sides of its conical body surfaces toward its axial direction does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the rotary member 120, when respective rollers 121 roll between the rotary member 120 and the passive member 123, the revolution difference occurring between the larger diameter end and the smaller diameter end of respective rollers 121 does not coincide with the revolution difference occurring between the larger diameter side and smaller diameter side of the rotary member 120. Consequently, sliding friction occurs between the rollers 121 and the rotary member 120, and between the rollers 121 and the passive member 123, thus providing resistance to the rotary movement of the rotary member 120. At this time, since the rollers 121, the rotary member 120 and the passive member 123 are depressed by the function of the disc spring 126, a certain frictional force in proportion to the magnitude of the pre-load of the disc spring 126 can be produced here. Fig. 13 and 14 show a third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 13 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of the third embodiment; Fig. 14 (a) being an enlarged view of a portion seen from the top of the drawing in Fig. 13; and Fig. 14 (b) being an enlarged view of a cross section seen from the front side of the drawing in Fig. 13. The friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 160 which is designed to slide in rectilinear directions, numerous rollers 161 disposed along a track of movement of the sliding member 160, numerous balls 162 similarly disposed along the track of movement of the sliding member 160, a passive member 163 which faces the sliding member 160 across the rollers 161 and the balls 162, a cage 164 which maintains the rollers 161 and the balls 162 at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state. These parts are the minimum requirements to constitute the friction resistance generator of this embodiment. In actual applications, the sliding member 160 is to be connected to a driving mechanism or the like, indication thereof being omitted from the drawing, and the passive member 163 is to be fastened to a stationary state. The sliding member 160 is in the form of a plate shape and the center section of its surface facing the passive member 163 (the bottom surface) is formed to a flat plane. Also, on both sides of the bottom surface, a groove 160a each of a V-shaped cross section is provided in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The balls 162 are in engagement with a pair of said grooves 160a in freely rotatable state. Meanwhile, since the explanations are made only on the structure of the friction resistance generator and on occurring movements therein, the sliding member 160 is represented by a simplified shape of a short length. The rollers 161 are in the form of a cylindrical shape extending straight toward their axes of rolling and they are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 160. Also, both ends of each roller 161 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring with the cage 164. The balls 162 are disposed at equal intervals in two lines along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 160 putting the rollers 161 in between the two lines. The passive member 163 is in the form of a plate shape and the center section of its surface facing the sliding member 160 (the upper surface) is formed to a flat plane. Also, on both sides of the upper surface of the passive member 163, a pair of said groove 163a of a V-shaped cross section are provided in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The balls 162 are in engagement with the grooves 163a in freely rotatable state. Meanwhile, similar to the case of the aforesaid sliding member 160, the passive member 163 is represented by a simplified shape. The cage 164 is in the form of a plate shape and its thickness is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 161. The cage 164 is provided with numerous slots 164a to maintain the rollers 161 individually and with numerous holes 164b to maintain the balls 162 individually. Each slot 164a and each hole 164b maintain each roller 161 and each ball 162, respectively in freely rotatable state. Also, as shown in Fig. 14 (a), each slot 164a is so directed that each axis of rolling of each roller 161 becomes inclined by an angle  from the plane B perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 160. Fig. 15 shows a modification of the third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 15 (a) being an enlarged plan view of a portion of a friction resistance generator of the nineteenth preferred embodiment; and Fig. 15 (b) being an enlarged view of a cross-section perpendicular to the longitude of the friction resistance generator. similar to the preceding embodiment, the friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 180, numerous rollers 181, numerous balls 182, a passive member 183 and a cage 184. The rollers 181 are disposed alternately in opposite directions which are inclined by a prescribed angle to a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 180. Consequently, the friction resistance generator of this embodiment exhibits always equal resistance characteristics in either sliding direction of the sliding member 180. The principle of producing the frictional force is the same as that of the preceding embodiment. Fig. 16 shows another modification of the third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 16 (a) being an enlarged plan view of a portion of a friction resistance generator of the twentieth preferred embodiment of this invention; Fig. 16 (b) being an enlarged view of a cross-section perpendicular to the longitude of the friction resistance generator. The friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 190 which slides in the rectilinear directions, numerous rollers 191 disposed along a track of movement of the sliding member 190, numerous balls 192 disposed similarly along the track of movement of the sliding member 190, a passive member 193 which faces the sliding member 190 across the rollers 191, and a cage 194 which maintains the rollers 191 and the balls 192 at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state. The sliding member 190 is in the form of a plate shape and its surface facing the passive member 193 is formed to a flat plane. Also, in both side surfaces of the sliding member 190, a groove 190a each of a V-shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The balls 192 are in engagement with a pair of said grooves 190a in freely rotatable state. The rollers are of a cylindrical shape extending straight toward their axes of rolling and they are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 190. Also, both ends of the rollers 191 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 191 and the cage 194. The balls 192 are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 190 in two lines along both side surfaces. The passive member 193 is in the form of a tray shape with walls rising up from both sides and its surface facing the sliding member 190 (the bottom surface) is made to a flat plane. Also, in the inside surfaces of walls on both sides of the passive member 193, a groove 193a each of a V-shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The balls 192 are engaging with the pair of grooves 193a in freely rotatable state. The cage 194 is in the form of a U-shape with both sides being bent upward matching the inner profile of the passive member 193 and its thickness is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 191. The cage 194 is provided with numerous slots 194a to maintain the rollers 191 at its bottom along the centerline thereof, in which the rollers 191 are maintained in freely rotatable state. The slots 194a are so disposed that the axes of rolling of the rollers 191 becomes inclined by a prescribed angle to a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 190. Also, in the upright walls on both sides of the cage 194, numerous holes 194b are opened in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The holes 194b on both sides maintain the balls 192 individually in freely rotatable state. With the friction resistance generator of this embodiment, since the balls 192 are in engagement with the grooves 190a and 193a, dislocation not only toward the cross-wise direction but also toward the vertical direction of the sliding member 190 and the passive member 193 is fully prevented. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 show a modification of the third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 17 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of the twenty-first preferred embodiment of this invention; Fig 18 (a) being an enlarged plan view of a portion of the friction resistance generator of the twentyfirst embodiment; and Fig. 18 (b) being an enlarged view of the cross-section perpendicular to the longitude of the friction resistance generator. The friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 200, numerous rollers 201 disposed at prescribed intervals along a track of movement of the sliding member 200, numerous balls 202 similarly disposed in two lines along the track of movement of the sliding member 200, a passive member 203 facing the sliding member 200 across the rollers 201 and the balls 202, and a cage 204 which maintains the rollers 201 and the balls 202 at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state. The sliding member 200 is in the form of a plate shape and the center section of its surface facing the passive member 203 is formed to a concave cross-sectional plane. Also, on both sides of the surface of the sliding member 200 facing the passive member 203, a groove 200a each of a V-shaped cross-section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The balls 202 are engaging with a pair of said grooves 200a in freely rotatable state. The rollers 201 are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 200. The rollers 201 are in the form of a barrel shape, namely the largest outer diameter at the center thereof becoming gradually smaller toward both ends. Also, both ends of the rollers 201 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 201 and the cage 204. The balls 202 are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 200 in two lines holding the line of the rollers 201 in between. The passive member 203 is in the form of a plate shape and the center section of its surface facing the sliding member 200 is formed to a concave cross-sectional plane. Also, on both sides of said surface of the passive member 203 facing the sliding member 200, a groove 203a each of a V-shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction. The balls 202 are engaging with a pair of said grooves 203a in freely rotatable state. The cage 204 is in the form of a plate shape and its thickness is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 201. The cage 204 is provided with numerous slots 204a and numerous holes 204b to maintain the rollers 201 and the balls 202, respectively. Each roller 201 and each ball 202 are maintained in each slot 204a and each hole 204b, respectively, in freely rotatable state. Also, the slots 204a to maintain the rollers 201 are so disposed that the axes of rolling of the rollers 201 become inclined by a prescribed angle to a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding member 200. With the friction resistance generator of this embodiment, since the barrel shaped surface of each roller 201 is in contact with matchingly shaped surfaces of the sliding member 200 and the passive member 203, the motivation of respective rollers 201 to move toward their axes of rolling is restricted. Moreover, the outer diameter of the rollers 201 varies along their longitudes. These facts cause additional frictional force, thus making it possible to acquire even larger resistance force. Fig. 19 shows a further modification of the third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 19 (a) being an enlarged plan view of a portion of a friction resistance generator of this embodiment; and Fig. 19 (b) being an enlarged view of a cross section perpendicular to the longitude of the friction resistance generator. Similar to the preceding embodiment, the friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 210, numerous rollers 211, numerous balls 212, a passive member 213, and a cage 214. The rollers 211 are in the form of a shape wherewith the smallest outer diameter at their center in the axial direction gradually becomes larger toward both ends. Meanwhile, the movements occurring in the friction resistance generator of this embodiment and the effects thereof are the same as those of the preceding embodiment. Fig. 20 to Fig. 22 show a further modification of the third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 20 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of this embodiment of this invention; Fig. 21 (a) being an enlarged plan view of a portion of the friction resistance generator; and Fig. 21 (b) being an enlarged view of a cross section perpendicular to the longitude of the friction resistance generator. The friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 240, numerous rollers 241 disposed along a track of movement of the sliding member 240, numerous balls 240 similarly disposed along the track of movement of the sliding member 240, a passive member 243 facing the sliding member 240 upward from below across the rollers 241, a cage 244 which maintains the rollers 241 and the balls 242 individually at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state, and numerous coil springs 245 pushing the rollers 241 toward a prescribed sliding direction of the sliding member 240. The sliding member 240 is in the form of a plate shape and its surface facing the passive member 243 is formed to a flat plane. Also, in the surfaces on both sides of the sliding member 240, a groove 240a each of a V- shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 240. The balls 242 are engaging with a pair of said grooves 240a in freely rotatable state. The rollers 241 are in the form of a cylindrical shape extending straight along their axes of rolling and they are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 240. Also, both ends of the rollers 241 are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 241 and the cage 244. The balls 242 are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 240 in two lines along both sides. The passive member 243 is in the form of a tray shape with walls rising up from both sides and its surface facing the sliding member 240 is formed to a flat plane. Also, in the inner side surfaces of walls on both sides of the passive member 243, a groove 243a each of a V-shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction of the passive member 243. The balls 242 are in engagement with a pair of said grooves 243a in freely rotatable state. The cage 244 is in the form of a U-shape with both sides being bent upward matching the inner profile of the passive member 243 and its thickness is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 241. The cage 244 is provided with numerous openings 244a to maintain the rollers 241. Each roller 241 is maintained in each opening 244a in freely rotatable state. Each opening 244a is in the form of a fan-shape with its pivot matching to the position of one end of each roller 241. One side extending from said pivot is designed in parallel with a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding member 240 and the other side extending from said pivot is so designed to incline by a prescribed angle to the plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding member 240. Also, in the upright walls on both sides of the cage 244, numerous holes 244b are opened in continuation along the longitudinal direction of the cage 244. The holes 244b on both sides maintain the balls 242 individually in freely rotatable state. Moreover, the upright walls on both sides of the cage 244 are formed to corrugated spring structures having numerous elastic convexities 244c at a prescribed intervals. The elastic convexities 244c are pressing the inside surface of the passive member 243 by their springing force in a state of contact. The coil springs 245 are individually installed beside respective openings 244a of the cage 244, and one end of the coil springs 245 are fastened to the bottom surface of the cage 244. The other end of the coil springs 245 is hooked to each roller 241, pushing the roller 241 onto the side being inclined to the plane perpendicular to the trace of movement of the sliding member 240. With the friction resistance generator of the aforementioned structure, as shown in Fig. 22 (a), when the sliding member 240 is moved toward a prescribed direction (the upward direction in the drawing), the rollers 241 make rolling motions in contact with the sliding member 240 and the passive member 243, then the cage 242 trails to move along. At this time, since the rollers 241 are motivated to move toward the direction being inclined to the track of movement of the sliding member 240, similar to the case of the preceding embodiment, friction force in proportion to a load applied in the axial direction occurs between the rollers 241 and the sliding member 240 and between the rollers 241 and the passive member 243. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 22 (b), if the sliding member 240 is moved toward the opposite direction (the downward direction in the drawing), the rollers 241 tilt inside the openings 244a until their axes of rolling come in parallel with the plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding member 240, while making rolling motions in contact with the sliding member 240 and the passive member 243. When this occurs, since the axes of rolling of the rollers 241 are not inclined to the plane perpendicular to the track of movement of the sliding member 240, sliding friction does not occur with respective rollers 241, thus allowing the sliding member 240 slide smoothly. Also, since the elastic convexities 244c provided along the walls on both sides of the cage 244 are pushing the inside surfaces of the upright structures of the passive member 243, when the sliding direction of the sliding member 240 is shifted, the cage 244 is always late in shifting the direction of movement than the tiling motions of the rollers 241 because of the aforesaid contact resistance with the inside wall surfaces of the passive member 243, thus the rollers 241 can tilt their directions promptly inside the openings 244a. Moreover, since respective rollers 241 are always motivated to stay at the direction not being inclined to the plane perpendicular to the trace of movement of the sliding member 240 whichever direction they may be rolling for, the rollers 241 are tilted forcefully by the coil springs 245 when heading for the direction, which is deemed necessary to exert a resistance. Thus, with the friction resistance generator of this embodiment, since it is so structured that the axes of rolling of the rollers 241 can be tilted between the side becoming in parallel with the plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 240 and the side becoming inclined to the plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 240, in a prescribed sliding direction, a resistance occurring from the frictional force of the rollers 241 can be applied to the rectilinear movement of the sliding member 240, while in the other sliding direction, the rectilinear movement of the sliding member 240 can be made smoothly without application of said resistance. Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 show a modification of the third embodiment of this invention: Fig. 23 being an exploded perspective view of a friction resistance generator of this embodiment; Fig. 24 (a) being an enlarged plan view of a portion of the friction resistance generator; and Fig. 24 (b) being an enlarged view of a cross section perpendicular to the longitude of the friction resistance generator. The friction resistance generator comprises a sliding member 250 which moves along its axis of rectilinear movement, numerous rollers 251 disposed along s track of movement of the sliding member 250, numerous balls 252 being similarly disposed along the track of movement of the sliding member 250, a passive member 253 facing the sliding member 250 upward from below across the rollers 251, a cage 254 which maintains the rollers 251 and the balls 252 at prescribed intervals in freely rotatable state, numerous coil springs 255 which work as the means of application of a pre-load pushing the passive member 253 toward the sliding member 250, and a housing 256 to house all these components.. The sliding member 250 is in the form of a plate shape with its upper center section being raised to a higher elevation and with its surface facing the passive member 253 (the bottom surface) being formed to a flat plane. Also, in the both lower elevation side surfaces on the upper side of the sliding member 250, a groove 250a each of a V-shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 250. The balls 252 are in engagement with a pair of said grooves 250a in freely rotatable state. The rollers 251 are in the form of a cylindrical shape extending straight toward their axes of rolling and they are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 250. Also, both ends of the rollers are rounded to a hemi-spherical shape to lessen friction occurring between the rollers 251 and the cage 254. The balls 252 are disposed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the sliding member 250 in two lines along both sides. The passive member 253 is in the form of a plate shape and its surface facing the sliding member 250 (the upper surface) is formed to a flat plane. Also, numerous guide rods 253a extending downward and numerous holes 253b to accept the upper ends of the coil springs 255 are provided on the bottom plane of the passive member 253, in continuation in the longitudinal direction. Both sides of the cage 254 is bent upward before further bent inward and its thickness is made thinner than the outer diameter of the rollers 251. Numerous slots 254a to maintain the rollers 251 are opened through the bottom of the cage 254. Each roller 251 is maintained in each slot 254a in freely rotatable state. The slots 254a are so disposed that the axes of rolling of the rollers 251 become inclined by a prescribed angle to the plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 250. Also, in the side structure at an upper elevation than the bottom surface of the cage 254, numerous holes 254b are opened to maintain the balls 252. Each ball 252 is maintained in each hole 254b in freely rotatable state. The coil springs 255 are inserted between the passive member 253 and the housing 256 in compressed state, pushing up the passive member 253 toward the sliding member 250 at a constant springing force. The housing 256 extends its walls on both sides upward before extending them toward inside to cover both sides of the upper open space. In the bottom surface of the housing 256, numerous holes 256a whereto the guide rods 253a of the passive member 253 are inserted for free sliding and numerous holes 256b whereto the lower ends of the coil springs 255 are inserted. Through the bottom of each hole 256b for inserting the lower end of each coil spring 255, an adjusting screw 257 each is screwed in, whose head contacts the bottom end of each coil spring 255, thus providing an adjusting means of the springing force of each coil spring 255 by screwing the adjusting screws 257 in or out. Also, in the ceiling surfaces of the structure covering both sides of the upper open space of the housing 256, a groove 256c each of a V-shaped cross section is formed in continuation along the longitudinal direction of the housing 256. The balls 252 are engaging with a pair of said grooves 256c in freely rotatable state. Namely, as shown in Fig. 50 (b), in the housing 256, the passive member 253 is housed in a state being pushed upward by the coil springs 255 toward the sliding member 250, and the balls 252 maintained by the cage 254 are engaging with the grooves 256c of the housing 256 and the grooves 250a of the sliding member 250. By this structure, dislocation of the sliding member 250 toward outside of its axis of rectilinear movements is prevented, and the sliding member 250 and the passive member 253 are depressed each other by a constant force across the rollers 251. With the friction resistance generator of this embodiment, since the springing force of the coil springs 255, in other words, the pre-load applied to the rollers 251, can be adjusted by the adjusting screws 257, the frictional force occurring from the pre-load can be optionally adjusted. PROSPECTS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS As aforementioned, the friction resistance producing mechanism of this invention can produce always stable and discretionary frictional resistance even when its speed of rotary movements or rectilinear movements of the subject structure changes. Moreover, the magnitude of the frictional force can be easily controlled by changing the magnitude of the load, or the discretionary frictional force can be produced only in a prescribed direction of rotary movement or rectilinear movement of the subject structure. Under such circumstances, optional friction force fitting to individual purposes can be obtained, by optionally setting of the inclination angle of the rolling axes of respective rollers. Consequently, the friction resistance generator of this invention can be effectively applied to various machines and equipment requiring the aforesaid functions, and its simple structure can provide extremely effective advantage to reduction of the production costs and down sizing of machines and equipment.

Claims: A friction resistance generator comprising: a rotary member (10) which rotates on a prescribed axis of rotation; a passive member (13) which faces the rotary member (10) in the axial direction; numerous rollers (11) being located between the rotary member (10) and the passive member (13), said rollers making rolling motions in contact with the rotary member and the passive member when the rotary member makes rotary movements; and a cage (14) which maintains the rollers (11) at prescribed intervals along a prescribed peripheral line around the axis of rotation of the rotary member while allowing free rolling of the rollers (11), in which axes of rolling of the rollers (11) are inclined to produce a prescribed angle between a plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member (10), the rollers being alternately inclined in opposite directions, numerous balls (12) being disposed between the rollers (11) and maintained by the cage in a freely rolling manner, one or more circumferential grooves with which the balls (12) are engaged in a freely rolling manner being provided on a side of the rotary member and a side of the passive member. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the profile of each roller (21) is such that the narrowed central part gradually widens toward both ends in the axial direction and in which surfaces of a rotary member (20) and a passive member (22) contacting the rollers are formed to be in line with the profile of the roller. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the profile of each roller (31) is such that the thickened central part gradually narrows toward both ends in axial direction and in which surfaces of a rotary member (30) and a passive member (32) contacting the rollers are formed to be in line with the profile of the roller. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rollers (41) are designed to tilt freely so that the angle of inclination between the axis of rolling of the rollers and the plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member (40), when the rotary member rotates in one direction of rotation and the angle of inclination between the axis of rolling of the rollers (41) and the plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member (40), when the rotary member rotates in the other direction of rotation becomes different from each other. A friction resistance generator comprising: a rotary member (120) which rotates on a prescribed axis of rotation; a passive member (123,124) which faces the rotary member in the radial direction; numerous rollers (121) being located between the rotary member and the passive member (123,124), said rollers making rolling motions in contact with the rotary member (120) and the passive member when the rotary member makes rotary movements; and a cage (125) which maintains the rollers (121) at prescribed intervals along a prescribed peripheral line around the axis of rotation of the rotary member while allowing free rolling of the rollers, the axis of rolling of the rollers being inclined to produce a prescribed angle between the plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotary member, numerous balls (122) being disposed between the rollers and maintained by the cage in a freely rolling manner, one or more circumferential grooves (123a,124a) with which the balls (122) are engaged in a freely rolling manner being provided on a side of the rotary member and a side of the passive member. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the axes of rolling of the rollers (121) are inclined to produce a prescribed angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotary member; and said rollers (121) are designed to conical shapes and so positioned that an intersecting point of the lines extended along both sides of its conical body surfaces along its axial direction does not coincide with the axis of rotation of said rotary member (120). A friction resistance generator as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, comprising means to provide pre-load to let said rollers contact said rotary member and said passive member under prescribed pressure. A friction resistance generator comprising: a sliding member (160) which makes rectilinear movements in prescribed directions; a passive member (163) which faces the sliding member in the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member; numerous rollers (161) being located between the sliding member and the passive member, said rollers making rolling motions in contact with the sliding member and the passive member when the sliding member makes sliding movements; and a cage (164) which maintains the rollers at prescribed intervals along the sliding direction of the sliding member while allowing free rolling of the rollers, the axes of rolling of the rollers being inclined to produce a prescribed angle between a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sliding member, numerous balls (162) being disposed between the rollers (161) and maintained by the cage (164) in a freely rolling manner, one or more rectilinear grooves (160a,163a) with which the balls are engaged in a freely rolling manner being provided on a side of this sliding member and the passive member. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the rollers (181) are alternately inclined in opposite directions. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the profile of each roller (201) is such that the thickened central part gradually narrows toward both ends in the axial direction, and in which surfaces of the sliding member (200) and the passive member (203) contacting the rollers are formed to be in line with the profile of the roller. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the profile of each roller (211) is such that the narrowed central part gradually widens toward both ends in the axial direction, and in which surfaces of the sliding member (210) and the passive member (213) contacting the rollers are formed to be in line with the profile of the roller. A friction resistance generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the rollers (241) are disposed in a freely tilting manner so that the angle of inclination between the axis of rolling of said rollers and the plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of said sliding member (240), when the sliding members slides in one sliding direction and the angle of inclination between the axis of rolling of the rollers and the plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member, when the sliding member slides in the other sliding direction become different from each other. The friction resistance generator as claimed in one of claims 8 to 12, comprising means to provide pre-load on the rollers to let said rollers contact said sliding member and said passive member under a prescribed pressure.

Inventors: MIMURA KENJI, MIMURA, KENJI
Applicants: MIMURA KENJI, MIMURA, KENJI
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F16D63
IPC codes: F16D59, F16C25, F16C29, F16C19, F16D63, F16D7