Cutting disk and method of making

Abstract: A cylindrical cutting disk for use in a shredder having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth, each tooth having a tapered and angled cutting edge. In a preferred embodiment, the disk includes a spacer located on one side of the disk, the spacer having a smooth outer surface and an inner lining coextensive with the lining of the central aperture of the disk. A plurality of disks may be mounted on a cutting cylinder. The disk can be made by sintering.

Description: This invention relates to a cutting disk for use in a shredder and the method of making the disk. Generally, there are two types of cutting mechanisms, "straight cut" or "strip" and "cross cut." A "straight cut" shredder cuts the paper into long, thin strips of paper. This result may be undesirable because the long thin strips make it possible to reassemble the original documents. A "cross cut" shredder, on the other hand, generally comprises a pair of parallel cutting cylinders that contain a series of offset cutting disks arranged along the axis of the cylinders. Cross cut shredders produce small paper chips. Although this result is more desirable, the current designs are problematic. Cross cut cylinders machined from solid steel or individual machined cutters must be made from hardened material or must be hardened after machining to be strong enough to withstand the staples and paperclips, which will inevitably be put into the shredder along with paper. All of these options are expensive. Individual cutters with the cutting edges extending beyond the perimeter of the cutter have been made inexpensively of sintered or stamped metal, but these cutters require more power and are louder than cross cut cutters whose cutting edges do not protrude beyond the perimeter of the disk. A cross cut cutting cylinder containing inexpensive cutting disks that enable a low noise, low power shredder to efficiently cut paper would be a welcome improvement in the art. DE-A-2450936 and EP-A-0551703 disclose disks in which the cutting teeth extend beyond the perimeter of the disk such as those described above. US-A-5328107 provides an improvement in that the teeth do not protrude past the perimeter and, indeed, form a portion of the perimeter of the disk. In addition, the teeth of each disk are inclined from the front to the rear side. However, each disk has a complex configuration consisting of a plurality of cutting grooves which are angled from their leading to their lagging edges and a cutting edge formed at the cutting groove. The cutting edge has sloped portions extending from the leading edge to the groove bottom of the cutting groove. The cutting edge is also inclined from the front side of the knife to the rear side. The invention provides a cutting disk comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth that do not protrude past the perimeter of the disk, each tooth having a cutting edge which is tapered so that it is inclined radially with respect to the axis of the disk, the cutting edge of each tooth being tapered in the same directions as the cutting edge of the other teeth, characterised in that the cutting edge of each tooth is additionally angled in a transverse direction across the disk and in the same direction as the angling of the cutting edges of the other teeth. In the preferred embodiment, the disk also includes a spacer located on one side of the disk, the spacer having a smooth outer surface and an inner lining that is co-extensive with the lining of the central aperture of the disk. The invention also includes a cutting cylinder having a hexagonal shaft and a plurality of cutting disks mounted on the shaft, each cutting disk having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth that do not protrude past the perimeter of the disk, each tooth having a cutting edge, each cutting edge being tapered and angled in the same direction as the cutting edges of the other teeth, and a central aperture for placing the disk on the shaft. In addition, the present invention encompasses a shredder having two parallel cutting cylinders, each cylinder having a hexagonal shaft and a plurality of spaced apart cutting disks with the cutting disks of the first cutting cylinder interleaved with the cutting disks of the second cutting cylinder, each cutting disk having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth that do not protrude past the perimeter of the disk, each tooth having a cutting edge that is tapered and angled, each cutting edge being tapered and angled in the same direction as the other teeth, and a central aperture for placing the disk on the shaft. The invention further includes the method of making the above-described cutting disk by molding and sintering. Fig. 1 is a side view of the preferred cutting disk. Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a portion of a cutting cylinder containing a plurality of the cutting disks of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a front view of the cutting disk of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the cutting edge of the teeth on the cutting disk of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of a dual cylinder arrangement containing the cutting disks of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the tapered cutting edge of the teeth on the cutting disk of Fig. 1. Fig. 1 shows the preferred embodiment of the cutting disk 10 of the present invention. As illustrated, the cutting disk 10 is cylindrical and includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth 20 that do not protrude past the perimeter of the disk. The preferred disk 10 has four teeth 20 positioned ninety degrees from one another. Each tooth 20 has a cutting edge 21 that is tapered on the top and angled. Tapering and angling the cutting edge 21 provides a sharp surface which can easily penetrate the material that is to be shredded. As clearly shown in Fig. 6 the cutting edge 21 is preferably tapered to an angle 22 in the range of 20 to 45 degrees, more preferably 25 to 40 degrees, and most preferably 35 degrees. The cutting edge 21 is preferably angled 23 in the range of 20 to 90 degrees, more preferably 30 to 75 degrees, and most preferably 45 degrees. In the preferred embodiment, the cutting edge 21 of each tooth 20 is tapered 22 and angled 23 in the same direction as the cutting edges 21 of the other teeth 20. The teeth 20 on the cutting disk 10 are separated by a plurality of circumferentially spaced gullets 30. In the preferred embodiment, there are an equal number of teeth 20 and gullets 30. The cutting surface 24 of the disk 10 may extend from the cutting edge 21 to the beginning of the next gullet 30. The disk 10 also has a central aperture 40 which enables the disk 10 to be placed on a shaft 50. The aperture 40 is lined with a plurality of serrations 41. The serrations 41 allow the disk 10 to be offset along the shaft 50 of a cutting cylinder 60 and thus provide a means of offsetting individual disks 10 with respect to each other. In the preferred embodiment, there are eighteen serrations 41. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the preferred embodiment of the cutting disk 10 includes a spacer 70 located on one side of the disk 10. The spacer 70 has a smooth outer surface and an inner lining that is coextensive with the lining of the central aperture 40. Preferably the spacer 70 is integral with the body of the disk. Alternately, the spacer 70 may be a separate component which provides distance between individual disks 10 on a cutting cylinder 60. If the spacer 70 is a separate component, it is preferably attached or affixed to the body of the disk 10. Any method of attachment presently known in the art is appropriate. When the disks 10 are used in a dual cylinder shredding machine, the disks 10 are arranged in an interleaving pattern which will be further described hereafter. Thus, disks 10 on one cylinder 60a must be positioned so that a disk 10 from another cylinder 60b could be positioned between them. Therefore, although the actual size of the spacer 70 is not critical, the spacer 70 must be slightly wider than an individual disk 10. FIG. 2 depicts a cutting cylinder 60 containing a plurality of the cutting disks 10 of the present invention. As illustrated, the cutting cylinder 60 has a shaft 50 upon which the cutting disks 10 are mounted. In the preferred embodiment, the shaft 50 has a hexagonal cross-section. The cutting disks 10 are somewhat reciprocally displaced, or indexed, in the longitudinal direction of the cutting cylinder 60 so that a large pitch helix is formed on the surface. The helical displacement insures that the engagement of the teeth 20 into the paper to be shredded is gentle and takes place continuously along the longitudinal direction of the cutting cylinder 60. The reciprocal displacement between disks 10 on the cutting cylinder 60 may vary in several respects. First, the amount or degree of displacement may vary. Preferably, the reciprocal displacement is not more than a fraction of an inch or a few millimeters or fractions thereof. In the preferred embodiment, the disks 10 are staggered by ten degrees. Secondly, the disks 10 may be staggered individually, as shown in FIG. 2, or in groups of two or more. For example, a group of four individual cutting disks 10 may be reciprocally displaced from the adjacent group of four individual cutting disks 10. Alternately, a group of two disks may be staggered from the adjacent group of three disks. Any pattern or grouping of disks 10 that produces the desired helix is acceptable. As explained previously, the preferred cutting disk 10 of the present invention has a central aperture 40 lined with eighteen serrations 41. Although the serrations 41 are twenty degrees each, it is possible to offset the disks 10 on a hexagonal shaft 50 in ten degree increments as depicted in FIG. 2. More specifically, the relationship between the tip 25 of the cutting edge 21 and the serrations 41 lining the aperture 40 allow disks 10 to be offset from each other by ten degrees. As best illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4, each disk 10 of the preferred embodiment has a small indentation 42 in its side wall which marks an initial or starting position for purposes of placing the disks 10 on a shaft 50. At this initial position, the tip 25 of the cutting edge 21 on the first tooth 20a is lined up with a "peak" 41a in the serrated lining of the aperture 40. On the other hand, the tip 25 of the cutting edge 21 on the teeth 20b and 20d adjacent the first tooth are lined up with "valleys" 41b in the serrated lining. The tip 25 of the cutting edge 21 on the tooth 20c opposite the first tooth 20a is lined up with a peak 41a. This alternating pattern is critical to achieving a ten degree offset between individual disks 10 on a shaft 50. To explain further, the first disk 10 is placed on the shaft 50. If the disks 10 are to be individually offset with respect to each other, the shaft 50 is rotated one hundred degrees before the next disk 10 is placed on the shaft 50. If the shaft 50 were only rotated ten degrees, the serrated lining 41 of the aperture 40 would not be flush with the shaft 50 and a twenty degree offset would result. If the disks 10 are not individually offset, but rather are offset in groups of two or more, the shaft 50 is rotated, as just described, between groupings. The meshing relationship between the cutting disks 10 on opposite cutting cylinders 60 can best be seen in FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the teeth 20 of a disk 10 on the first cutting cylinder 60a will overlap with the cutting surface 24 on a disk 10 of the second cutting cylinder 60b. In this way, the teeth 20 on the first cutting cylinder 60a will alternately engage in the paper with the teeth 20 on the second cutting cylinder 60b. Furthermore, as evident in FIG. 5, once the cutting edge 21 of a disk 10 on one cylinder 60a contacts the paper, it remains sandwiched between the adjacent disks 10 on the other cutting cylinder 60b and thus is unexposed until it completes the cutting cycle. This meshing arrangement is important to obtain the cross-cutting action which produces the confetti or small chips instead of kinked strips which can be produced when the proper meshing arrangement is not maintained. It should be understood that the cutting disk 10 described above can be changed in many ways yet still remain within the scope of the invention. For example, the number or shape of teeth 20 could vary. Another variation may alter the number of serrations 41 lining the aperture 40, thereby changing the manner of indexing the disk 10 on the shaft 50. The present invention also includes the method of making the cutting disk 10. The cutting disk 10 is produced by a two part process which involves molding and sintering. Firstly, metal powder is molded into the desired shape. Any hard metal powder is suitable. The industry designation for one such powder is FL4607. The metal powder is then placed in a press that has the desired shape. The press holds the metal powder together under high pressure. Thus, the desired shape is produced. Next, the molded metal is sintered. During sintering, the molded metal is heated at a high temperature thereby melding the metal particles together. Sintering produces a very hard, porous cutting disk. The cutting disk 10 of the present invention provides many advantages. The cutting disk 10 enables small paper chips to be produced by a machine that is less noisy than many prior art paper shredders. In addition, the cutting disks 10 provide for a more energy efficient shredder because they require less power to accomplish the desired results. Another advantage lies in the fact that the disks 10 are produced by sintering. Sintering enables disks of the requisite shape and hardness to be manufactured economically. Of course, it should be understood that a wide range of changes and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiment described above. It is therefore intended that the foregoing description illustrates rather than limits this invention, and that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, which define this invention.

Claims: A cutting disk (10) comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth (20) that do not protrude past the perimeter of the disk (20) having a cutting edge (20) which is tapered (22) so that it is inclined radially with respect to the axis of the disk, the cutting edge (20) of each tooth (20) being tapered (22) in the same direction as the cutting edge (21) of the other teeth (20), characterised in that the cutting edge (21) of each tooth (20) is additionally angled (23) in a transverse direction across the disk (10) and in the same direction as the angling (23) of the cutting edges (21) of the other teeth (20). The cutting disk (10) as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that there are four teeth (20). The cutting disk (10) as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 characterized in that the disk (10) has a central aperture (40) lined with a plurality of serrations (41). The cutting disk (10) as claimed in claim 3 characterized in that there are eighteen serrations (41). The cutting disk (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cutting edge (21) of each tooth (20) is tapered (22) to an angle in the range of 20 to 45 degrees. The cutting disk (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cutting edge (21) of each tooth (20) is angled (23) in the range of 20 to 90 degrees. The cutting disk (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterized in that a spacer (70) is located on one side of the disk (10), the spacer (70) having a smooth outer surface and an inner lining that is coextensive with the lining of the central aperature (40). The cutting disk (10) as claimed in claim 7 characterised in that the inner lining of the spacer (70) is serrated. The cutting disk (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the disk (10) is made by sintering. A shredder comprising two parallel cutting cylinders (60), each cylinder (60) having a hexagonal shaft (50) and a plurality of spaced apart cutting disks (10), as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, with the cutting disks (10) of the first cutting cylinder interleaved with the cutting disks (10) of the second cutting cylinder.

Inventors: KROGER BRUCE R, KROGER, BRUCE R.
Applicants: FELLOWES MFG CO, FELLOWES MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B02C18
IPC codes: B02C18