BUILDING HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE

Abstract: The present invention relates to a horizontal frame structure for supporting adjacent areas (4, 4', 4'') in buildings. The structure comprises joists/beams (1, 1', 1''; 2, 2') in at least one layer that can be grouped into isolated staggeredly supporting subarrays of joists/beams over a certain area. The areas (4, 4', 4'') to be sound-insulated from each other are supported each by only one subarray, respectively, of the staggered subarrays formed by the joists/beams (1, 2; 1', 2'; 1'').

Description: Building horizontal structure The present invention relates to a horizontal frame structure for a building, said structure being based on floor joists/beams which are placed over the area sup¬ ported by the horizontal frame structure and arranged into a single- or multi-layer staggered array. Said hori¬ zontal frame structure can be used in a ground floor, party floor or top-level floor. The horizontal frame structure according to the invention facilitates the division of the area or space supported by said horizon¬ tal frame structure into subareas or segregated spaces which are effectively insulated from each other against flanking transmission of sound. The present horizontal frame structure is particularly intended for use in lightweight buildings for the purpose of preventing flanking transmission of sound via struc¬ tural elements between the spaces supported by the pre- sent horizontal frame structure. While the presont inven¬ tion is primarily intended for use in timber buildings, the invention may also be adapted to frame structures implemented by means of other materials. Transmission of structurally propagated sound called flanking transmission between the different areas or spaces of a building is a problem particularly in build¬ ings erected with lightweight materials lacking such inertial masses that normally provide sound insulation. Conventionally, insulation against flanking transmission between segregated spaces of a single storey in a light¬ weight building has been implemented by providing each space to be sound-insulated with an unconnected vertical frame structure to which the load-bearing floor joists of each isolated space are then supported. Such a bordering principle of sound-insulated spaces based on unconnected vertical frame structures makes the space reservations of superimposed spaces to be dependent on each other and destroys the flexibility of space layout. Furthermore, such a sound-insulating frame structure raises a need for an essentially overdimensioned founda- tion with respect to the overall weight of the building, since the support structures of the building's vertical frame are erected at points determined by the structural grid of the sound-insulated spaces onto the building's sguare area footprint, and each load-bearing column requires a separate load-receiving reinforcement in the building's foundation. It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-described drawbacks by virtue of the horizontal frame structure according to the invention. A particular benefit of the invention is therein that it permits in¬ dependent layout of the sound-insulated areas and spaces partitioned over the area of the present horizontal frame structure regardless cf the location of the supporting structures. This same freedom in the location of struc¬ tures applies to both the spaces on the same level with the horizontal frame structure and those located there- above and thereunder. The horizontal frame structure ac¬ cording to the invention facilitates the use of a simple frame structure, wherein the factors affecting the loca¬ tion of the vertical frame members are rationally based on the load-bearing capability of vertical frame building elements rather than on the need for sound insulation. The essential specifications of the horizontal frame structure according to the invention are disclosed in annexed claim 1. Additional specifications of the inven¬ tion are disclosed in annexed claim 2. In the following the invention is described in greater detail with reference to annexed diagrammatic drawings in which Figure 1 shows a basic embodiment of the invention; and Figure 2 shows alternative embodiments of the invention. Referring to Fig. 1, therein is shown diagrammatically a sectional view of a building party floor illustrating an exemplifying embodiment of the principle of the inventi¬ on. The party floor comprises load-bearing joists 1 and 1* which are spaced over the party floor area according to a structural grid based on the load-bearing capacity re¬ quired from the floor. The span of the joists in the par¬ ty floor can be, e.g., a full modular length of the building frame or, for a larger building, the party floor joists can be provided with intermediate support to limit the unsupported span of the joists to reasonable lengths. The supporting of the party floor joists is accomplished by girders 2 and 2', which further are supported by the vertical frame. According to the basic concept of the invention, each of the girders 2, 2' supports only one of the areas 4 and 4', or alternatively, only one of the spaces which are bordered by said areas and are intended to be sound-insulated from each other against flanking transmission. Supporting with isolation against flanking transmission separately for each area can be implemented at each load- supporting point by virtue of spacers 10, 10' placed in a staggered manner over the girders 2, 2', whereby the spacers are located so that one sound-insulated area 4 is supported by one girder-group 2 only, while the other soundinsulated area 4 ' is supported by the other girder- group 2' alone. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, an alternative imple¬ mentation of the invention is shown in which the isolated supporting of areas 4, 4', which are sound-insulated against flanking transmission, is accomplished by means of floor joists 1, 1' and 1'' acting primarily as second¬ ary supports. In the embodiment shown herein, to each load-bearing point are adapted two or three parallel joists, which are isolated from each other, whereby the number of joists is determined therefrom how many sound- insulated areas or spaces partitioned above said areas are desired to be supported by said load-bearing point. The staggered support for each area separately is ac¬ hieved by means of spacers 5, 5 » and 5 ' ' , which are ap¬ propriately placed between the floor area 4, 4' and 4' 1 , respectively, and each selected floor joist so as to iso¬ late the supported floor from the adjacent joist(s) intended to support other area(s) . The party floor joists 1, 1' and I' 1 , which are depicted as conventional lumber joists in the above-described exemplifying embodiment of the invention, may as well be selected from the group of gluelam, laminated veneer lum¬ ber or lattice beams manufactured in a conventional man¬ ner. Also different types of hollow-core beams are suit¬ able for use within the scope of the invention. The in¬ vention may also be implemented in a horizontal load- bearing structure based on load-bearing slabs. Obviously, the slabs must be dimensioned with respect to the overall area of the horizontal frame structure so that the sup¬ porting of the isolated subareas can be borne by slabs of reasonable dimensions. In practice, such slabs can be relatively narrow hollow-core or ribbed slabs. In a horizontal frame structure implemented according to the invention, the spans of the joists/beams may be rela¬ tively long. Resultingly, lateral vibrations may occur in the horizontal elements. The simplest method of suppress¬ ing lateral vibrations is to make the joists/beams into wide box-section elements. Also the above-mentioned slab structure can suppress the lateral vibrations. In cases where these structures are considered unpracticable, it may be necessary to connect the joists of each isolated subarray to each other laterally. When such a lateral bracing of joists spanned between a greater number of load-bearing points is implemented, it is essential to pass the bracing beam so that it will be connected to the joists of a single sound-insulating subarray while pass¬ ing without contact through the joists belonging to the other subarray(s) . Analogously, piping/ducts passed through the joists/beams such as air-conditioning, heating, water, sewer and electrical ducts must be isolated from the joists/beams in either a noncontacting or sound-insulating manner. The connection of the joists/beams to the areas supported by them can be made in the above-described manner by means of spacers which are placed on the joist/beam thus transmitting the load of the supported area in a support¬ ing manner to the joist/beam. In the simplest way this can be accomplished as shown in the diagram by means of spacer pieces 5, 5* and 5'd which are fixed onto the joists. The purpose of the spacer is to outdistance the structural elements serving to isolate the structures of a certain sound-insulated area from the joists serving to support the other sound-insulated areas, whereby an iso¬ lating gap against flanking transmission is created be¬ tween the joist(s) carrying the spacer(s) and the other structural elements connected to the "other" supported areas. The embodiments shown in the diagrams are related to a building party floor structure in which the structures partitioning the areas above the structure are supported to a floor structure, which is further supported from below by separate joists selected by appropriately placed spacers. The diagram of Fig. 2 also shows the party ceil¬ ing 9 of the next storey below that may in an analogous manner be supported in sound-insulated areas hung by iso¬ lated groups of supports in the same manner as the party floor above. Further analogously, the same isolation principle can be applied to the other structures of the space below that are connected to the joists of the over¬ lying floor. The party floor structure according to the invention allows relatively free layout of spaces sound-insulated from each other over the area of the party floor, whereby the other structures used to partition the spaces must be designed with due caution as regards the isolation of flanking transmission by conventional means. Further, the invention makes it possible to isolate a certain subarea within a certain area isolated against flanking trans¬ mission in, e.g., a flat or apartment space. An example of such an embodiment is the floor support of the washing machine space which can be isolated from the floor sup¬ port of the other areas of the flat.

Claims: Claims : 1. A horizontal frame structure for a building, said structure being based on isolated joists/beams (1, 1', I'd* 2, 2', 2' 1 ) which are placed over the area supported by the horizontal frame structure and arranged into a staggered single- or multi-layer array of joists/beams, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that at least one arrayed layer is comprised of joists/beams (1, I 1' ' or 2, 2', 2' 1 ) , each of which being adapted to support and/or brace respectively only one of the areas (4, 4', 4' ') which are associated with said horizontal frame structure and are bordered by a plane orthogonal to the joists/beams of said array. 2. A horizontal frame structure as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said sound-insulating supporting and/or bracing system is accomplished by means of spacers (5, 5', 5' ' ; 10, 10' ') placed upon said joist/ beam (1, 1', l' » and/or 2, 2', 2' ') , or alternatively, by means of the countouring of said joist/beam and/or the supported building structure.

Inventors: OLLIKAINEN AHTO, OLLIKAINEN, AHTO
Applicants: OLLIKAINEN AHTO, OLLIKAINEN, AHTO
Application year: 1996
Main classification: E04B5
IPC codes: E04B1, E04B5, E04F15