Ink-jet printing apparatus that ejects ink and processing liquid for printing

Abstract: In an apparatus for performing printing by employing an ink and a liquid which insolubilizes or coagulates the ink, in order to effectively obtain an effect of using the liquid and to improve printing quality, the liquid S to be applied to respective pixels of regions (1-10) printed by performing two scanning cycles, is applied to different two pattern of pixels from each other during a first and second scanning cycles.

Description: The present invention relates to an ink-jet printing apparatus and an ink-jet printing method and, more specifically, to an ink-jet printing apparatus and an ink-jet printing method for performing printing by which insolubilizes or coagulates a color component contained in the ink, onto a printing medium. An ink-jet printing system is widely employed in printing apparatus, copying machines, facsimile equipments and so forth because of its advantages in lowering noise, reducing running costs, and facilitating the miniaturization of apparatuses and the design of color printing apparatuses. Most conventional ink-jet printing systems employ a special printing sheet provided with a waterproof ink absorbing layer to secure satisfactory water-resistance of the ink thereon so as to print a high color color image without bleeding of the ink. Recent improvements in inks have increased the printability on the ordinary printing sheet which is used in large quantities on printing apparatus, copying machines and the like. However, the print quality of images printed on ordinary printing sheets is not yet perfectly satisfactory. Some methods for improving the water-resistance property of the ordinary printing sheet and of improving printing quality have been proposed. As one method of improving the water-resistance property of the image through improvements in the ink, for example, a method of providing a coloring component in the ink with a water-resistance property is known. This prior method, however, uses an ink which is barely soluble in water after drying. Therefore, an ejection opening of an ink-jet head using such an ink is liable to become clogged with a dried ink. In addition, although it is possible to realize a structure for preventing the ejection openings from being clogged, such a structure requires a complex mechanism. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 84992/1980, there is disclosed a method which uses a printing medium coated with a dye fixing material. This prior method, however, needs to use a special printing medium capable of being coated with the dye fixing material, needs to use a large apparatus for coating the printing medium with the dye fixing material, and, unavoidably, increases the cost of the apparatus. Furthermore, it is comparatively difficult to coat the printing medium with a film of the dye fixing material having a predetermined thickness. To improve printing quality, it is required that 1) characters and images must be sharply printed without irregular blurring of ink at edge of ink dots (hereinafter referred to as "feathering") occurring, and that 2) an image is clearly printed without bleeding, i.e., without mixing of inks occurring at a boundary between adjacent regions of respective different colors. The ink must be prevented from permeating the printing medium to prevent feathering. In such case, however, aqueous inks, which are used in common ink-jet printing systems, are liable to cause bleeding. Conversely, if the permeation of the ink into the printing medium is facilitated, feathering is enhanced although bleeding can be reduced. In order to solvetheproblem set forth above, there are proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 63185/1989 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 249755/1986 methods in which a clear liquid that renders insoluble the dye contained in the ink is deposited together with the ink on the printing medium using an employing ink-jet head. According to the methods stated above, the colored ink deposited on the printing medium is rendered insoluble so as to be fixed on the printing medium and hence a high water-resistance property can be obtained in the printed product. Both feathering and bleeding can be suppressed by applying a clear processing liquid to the printing medium under given conditions prior to ejecting ink on the printing medium. On the other hand, ink-jet printing methods are known, multi-scan as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 358847/1992 and 155036/1993 and a multi-pass ink-jet printing method as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 207665/1991 in which a plurality of scanning cycles of an ink-jet head along a scanning direction are used to form one line of pixels. According to such method, one line of pixels is formed by ink droplets ejected through a plurality of different ejection openings. Therefore, variations among the ejection openings in ejection volume and ejection direction are averaged, so that density unevenness and banding are not liable to occur and high-quality printing can be realized. Incidentally, the use of the aforesaid processing liquid in the foregoing multi-scanning system entails the following problems. Where the processing liquid is ejected once for one ink ejecting cycle as mentioned in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 63185/1989, the processing liquid is deposited in overlapping manner in the multi-scanning system, so that an excessive quantity of the processing liquid may be applied to the printing medium. As a result of this, the printing medium to which the excessive processing liquid is applied becomes cockled which makes the surface of the printing medium ribbed. The cockled printing medium interferes with the ink-jet head and the internal components of the printing apparatus, and may possibly cause jamming and smearing of the printed printing medium with the ink. In some cases, the image printed on the printing medium is difficult to see and printing quality deteriorates when the cockled printing medium dries in acockled state. Furthermore, since such a mode of printing consumes a large quantity of processing liquid, the tank containing the processing liquid needs to be changed or to be replenished with the processing liquid frequently, the running costs increases, and the work load for the user increases. Where an increased size tank is used to save work in changing the tank, the size of the printing apparatus needs to be increased, the cost of the printing apparatus are increased, and the operability of the printing apparatus is spoiled. A method of reducingthe deposition amount of the processing liquid is proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 128862/1983. In this prior art, when printing with a plurality of kinds of inks, data for ejecting the processing liquid is generated by carrying out a logical OR between data for ejecting respective different color inks. According tothe method set forth above, when performing printing of R (red) by ejecting one Y ink (Yellow) droplet and one M ink (magenta) droplet, one processing liquid droplet for each of the Y- and the M-ink droplets is not ejected, rather only one processing liquid droplet is ejected. The effect of ejecting only one processing liquid droplet for two ink droplets in preventing feathering and bleeding is scarcely different from that of ejecting two processing liquid droplets for two ink droplets, the water resistance is improved effectively, and consumption of the processing liquid is reduced by 1/2 to 1/3 compared to the consumption of the same in the conventional method. Even if this method is employed, however, the consumption of the processing liquid, as compared with the consumption of the ink, is significantly high. Suppose that a full-color image is printed with, for example, an Y-ink (yellow ink), an M-ink (magenta ink), a C-ink (cyan ink) and a Bk-ink (black ink) by employing the aforesaid method which carries out logical OR between the data for ejecting respective inks, the respective amount of processing liquid required for printing a primary color portion, a secondary color (formed by a combination of two primary colors portion and a ternary color (formed by a combination of three primary colors) portion is equal to half and 1/3 the total amount of the inks for printing primary color portion, the secondary color portion and the ternary color portion, respectively. In such case, suppose that an image to be printed consists of four primary color patterns with each pattern having the same area, six secondary color patterns each having the same area, or the ternary color patterns of the four color inks having the same area, the amount of the processing liquid necessary for printing the image is four times, two times or about 1.3 times the amount required of each of the four color inks, respectively. Although one cannot make that kind of sweeping generalization because different images have different ratios in area between primary color, secondary color and ternary color patterns, the amount of the processing liquid necessary for printing an image is, on average, two to three times the amount of each color ink necessary for printing the same image. To apply one processing liquid droplet per pixel formed of a plurality of ink droplets ejected in a plurality of scanning cycles is a possible effective method for solving the foregoing problem of the consumption of the processing liquid. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of such method. In (a) of Fig. 1, print data "R2" indicates printing of red portion with a tone level 2, and such red portion is printed with two Y-ink droplets and two M-ink droplets. These ink droplets Y and M are ejected in two scanning cycles, i.e., a first scanning cycle and a second scanning cycle, and one droplet of the Y ink and one droplet of the M ink are ejected in each scanning cycle as shown in (b) of Fig. 1. In such case, when one processing liquid S (hereinafter also referred to simply as "liquid S") is used in forming the red portion, the liquid S can be ejected in one of printing modes shown in (c) to (h) of Fig. 1. In the printing mode shown in (c) of Fig. 1, the liquid S is ejected first in the first scanning cycle followed by the ink droplets M and Y. Therefore, the ink droplets M and Y are ejected onto a position when the liquid S is deposited and hence the inks and the processing liquid are able to interact. However, the effect of the liquid S on ink which is ejected some time after the liquid S has been ejected, e.g., the Y-ink ejected in the second scanning cycle of the printing mode shown in (c) of Fig. 1, is reduced and because ink has previously been ejected onto the printing medium, the subsequent ink droplet is liable to move into the adjacent pixels and to cause bleeding. Furthermore, if the amount of processing liquid ejected in the first scanning cycle is comparatively large, cockling is liable to occur. In such case, the printing modes shown in (d) and (e) of Fig. 1 are inferior to the printing mode shown in (c) of Fig. 1 in developing of color and feathering suppressing effect and are on substantially on the same level as the latter in cockling causing effect and hence not very advantageous. In contrast, although the printing modes shown in (f) and (g) of Fig. 1 are considerably effective in suppressing bleeding and cockling, these printing modes are rather unsatisfactory in developing of color effect and are liable to cause feathering because ink is ejected onto the printing medium in the first scanning cycle in which no liquid S is ejected. Such adverse effects are more conspicuous with the printing mode shown in (g) of Fig. 1 than with that shown in (f) of Fig. 1. Inferior coloring and feathering are more conspicuous in the printing mode shown in (h) of Fig. 1. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an ink-jet printing apparatus of a multi-scanning or multi-pass system capable of effectively utilizing effects of a processing liquid, and to provide an ink-jet printing method. Another object of the present invention is to provide an ink-jet printing apparatus capable of ejecting a processing liquid in a plurality scanning cycles respectively for divisions of a region to be printed, so that the processing liquid acts effectively on ink in each division of the region and problems attributable to the use of the processing liquid are suppressed, and to provide an ink jet printing method. In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing apparatus as set out in claim 1. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method as set out in claim 9. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view explaining a printing method using inks and a processing liquid; Fig. 2 is a partly cutaway schematic perspective view of an ink-jet printing apparatus of an embodiment according to the present invention; Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a control structure included in the ink-jet printing apparatus of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view explaining printing operation of a first embodiment; Figs. 5A to 5L are diagrams explaining an ink-jet printing method of the first embodiment according to the present invention; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view explaining printing operation according to the second embodiment; Figs. 7A to 7H are diagrams explaining the ink-jet printing method of the second embodiment; Figs. 8A to 8C are diagrams explaining an ink-jet printing method of a third embodiment according to the present invention; Figs. 9A to 9C are diagrams explaining an ink-jet printing method of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention; Fig. 10 is a block diagram of an information processing system employing an ink-jet printing apparatus embodying the present invention; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the information processing system of Fig. 10; and Fig. 12 is another information processing system employing an ink-jet printing apparatus embodying the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 2 is a general perspective view showing a main portion of an ink-jet apparatus. Referring to Fig. 2, ink jet units 1Y, 1M, 1C, 1Bk and 1S are mounted on a carriage 2, and the ink jet units 1Y, 1M, 1C, lBk and 1S comprise heads 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12Bk and 12S respectively for ejecting an Y-ink, an M-ink, a C-ink, a Bk-ink and a liquid S (hereinafter also referred to "processing liquid" S), respectively, and tanks respectively containing the Y-ink, the M-ink, the C-ink, the Bk-ink and the liquid S, respectively. Each of the ink-jet units is provided with, for example, sixteen ejection openings arranged at intervals of 62.5 µm along the direction in which a printing sheet 10 as a printing medium is fed (hereinafter also referred to as "auxiliary direction"). Heaters to generate thermal energy utilized for ejecting an ink are provided on ink passages connected to the ejection openings, respectively. The respective heaters generate thermal energy in response to application of the electric pulses in accordance with driving data to cause film boiling in the ink or the liquid S, and to produce a bubble so that a droplet of the ink or the liquid S is ejected through the corresponding ejection opening. The heads 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12Bk and 12S and the tanks to the carriage 2 are detachably mounted which iS slidably engaged on and travels along two parallel guide shafts 3. The carriage 2 is driven for travel along the guide shafts 3 through a belt 4 fastened to part of the carriage 2 and extending between pulleys 5A and 5B and a carriage motor 6. A flexible cable 11 is connected to the heads 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12Bk and 12S, respectively, so that ink ejecting signals and control signals based on a print data are transformed from a host system or a control portion included in the ink-jet printing apparatus to respective head driver circuits (head drivers) included in the respective heads. A platen roller 7 extends with its axis in parallel to axes of the guide shafts 3 and is driven for rotation by a feeding motor 9 to feed the printing sheet 10. The platen roller 7 sets a printing surface of the printing sheet 10 in plane state. In a construction set forth above, the heads 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12Bk and 12S of the ink jet units 1Y, 1M, 1C, 1Bk and 1S eject the inks onto a printing region of the printing sheet 10 positioned opposite to the ejection openings of the head as the carriage 2 travels for printing. Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing control structure included in the ink-jet printing apparatus of Fig. 2. A main controller 100 which comprises a CPU or the like, converts image data given thereto from a host computer 200 into pixel data combined with tone data and stores the pixel data in a frame memory 100M. The main controller 100 gives the tone data of the pixels stored in the frame memory 100M to a driver controller 110 at predetermined timing. The driver controller 110 converts the tone data into ejecting control data represent on/off of the respective heaters which are made correspond to ejection opening numbers (which indicate an order in one ejection opening array) and to scanning numbers (which indicate a number of scanning cycles). The driver controller 110 reads the driving data corresponding to the ejection opening numbers and the scanning numbers from the driving data RAM 110 according to control signals given from the main controller 100, gives the driving data to a head driver 110D, and controls timing of driving of the head driver 110D. The main controller 100 controls the ejecting operations of the heads 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12Bk and 12S, the driving operations of the carriage motor 6 and the feeding motor 9 through a carriage motor driver 104D and a feeding motor driver 102D, respectively, whereby characters or images according to image data are printed on the printing sheet 10. It should be noted that the main controller 100 may be used instead of the driver controller 110 for converting the tone data into the ejecting data. This structure enables the storage of the ejecting data in the frame memory 100M and the omission of the RAM 110M. Embodiments of ink-jet printing methods in accordance with the present invention, which methods can be applied to the foregoing ink-jet printing apparatus will be described hereinafter. Fig. 4 is a conceptual view illustrating a printing method of one embodiment according to the present invention. It should be noted that in following description, respective operations of the five heads 12Y, 12M, 12C, 12Bk and 12S will be explained as operation of one head among the five heads. When performing printing on the printing sheet, the ink is ejected onto a blank region, on which printing is not performed yet, of the printing sheet from the ejection openings N9 to N16 as the carriage 2 travels in a first scanning cycle. In this dot forming, only one of two dots which are a maximum number of dots for forming one pixel is formed. Then, as shown in Fig. 4, the printing sheet is fed (in Fig. 4, the head is shifted down relative to the printing sheet for convenience' sake) by a distance corresponding to the eight ejection openings, and the ejection openings N1 to N16 are used for printing. Then, the printing sheet is fed again by a distance corresponding to the eight ejection openings and the ejection openings N1 to N16 are used for printing. This printing cycle is thus repeated to perform printing on the entire surface of the printing sheet. It should be noted that when printing the lower end region of the image, the operation of the ejection openings N9 to N16 are stopped and only the ejection openings N1 to N8 are used. Methods for ejecting the liquid S in different timing to perform printing will be described below. Before discussion of the methods, the processing liquid (a liquid at least containing a material which insolubilizes or coagulates a coloring material in the ink) and the ink employed in embodiments will be discussed below. Composition of processing liquid PAR-HC1-3L (Nittoboh, Inc.) 5.0 wt.% Cation G50 (Sanyo Kasei, Inc.) 0.3 wt.% Diethylene Glycol 10.0 wt.% Lithiumacetate 0.5 wt.% Water 84.2 wt.% Composition of inks Glycerine 7.5 wt.% Thiodiglycol 7.5 wt.% Urea 7.5 wt.% Dyestuff 3.5 wt.% Y C.I. Direct Yellow 142 M C.I. Acid Red 289 C C.I. Direct Blue 199 Bk C.I. Food Black 2 Acetylenol EH (Kawa-Ken Chemical, Inc.) 1.0 wt.% Water 73.0 wt.% In mixing of the processing liquid and the ink as set forth above, in the present invention, as a result of mixing of the processing liquid and the ink on the printing medium or at a position penetrating the printing medium in a certain magnitude, as the first stage of reaction, low molecule component or cation type oligomer in the cation type substance contained in the processing liquid, and the water soluble dye having anion type group contained in the ink cause association by ionic interaction to separate from solution phase at a moment. Next, as the second stage of reaction, an association body of the above-mentioned dye and low molecule cation type substance or cation type oligomer is absorbed by high molecule components included in the processing liquid. Therefore, the coagulated body of the dye becomes further greater in size to become difficult to penetrate into the gap between the fiber of the printing medium. As a result, only the liquid portion resulting from solid/liquid separation penetrates into the printing paper, both of printing quality and sensibility can be achieved. At the same time, viscosity of the coagulated body formed of the low molecule component of the cation substance or cation type oligomer, anion type dye and cation type substance, is increased so as not to move according to movement of the liquid medium. Therefore, even when the adjacent ink dots are formed with different colors as in formation of a full color image, the color may not be mixed to each other. Therefore, bleeding is not caused. Also, since the coagulated body is essentially water insoluble, the moisture resistance of the formed image becomes complete. Also, color fastness to light of the formed image can be improved by the shielding effect of the polymer. It should be noted that the kind of the printing medium is not specified in implementation of the present invention, and conventionally used plain paper, such as copy paper, bond paper and so forth can be suitably used. Of course, a coated paper specially prepared for ink-jet printing, transparent film for OHP and so forth may also be used suitably. Also, general wood free paper, glossy paper and so forth may also used suitably. (Embodiment 1) Figs. 5A-5L are illustrations for explaining a printing method of a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5A shows print data. In Fig. 5A, Y, R, G and B represent that respective pixels are printed with yellow, red, green and blue, respectively, and suffix numerals indicate tone levels of the pixels, respectively. Numerals 1 to 10 are pixel number in a scanning direction. As shown in Fig. 5A, the pixels are arranged along the scanning direction and along a direction perpendicular to the scanning direction. Fig. 5B shows ejecting data of respective inks for forming respective pixels in accordance with the print data shown in Fig. 5A. For example, a pixel of a first line and a fifth column is formed of two Y-ink droplets and two M-ink droplets. Figs. 5C and 5D show ejecting data for ejecting Y-ink, Figs. 5E and 5F show ejecting data for ejecting M-ink, and Figs. 5G and 5H show ejecting data for ejecting C-ink. These ink droplets may be assigned to scanning cycles by, for example, a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 155036/1993. Figs. 5I and 5J show ejecting data for the liquid S. As is clear from Figs. 5B, 5I and 5J, the liquid S is ejected for all the pixels in which the ejecting data exist in the first and the second scanning cycle in a complementary manner in all the pixels to which the liquid S is to be ejected. Incidentally, the heads are arranged in an order of S, K, C, M and Y, as shown in Fig. 2, and therefore the liquid S and the respective inks are ejected onto the printing sheet in order of arrangement of the heads. Therefore, when the printing operation is performed according to the ejecting data shown in Figs. 5C to 5J, the ink is ejected following an ink ejecting order shown in Figs. 5K and 5L. As mentioned above in connection with the description of the related art, in the case of performing printing by two scanning cycles by the multi-scanning system, when the processing liquid is ejected in the first scanning cycle, developing of color and suppressing of feathering can be improved, but cockling and bleeding are liable to be caused. On the other hand, when the processing liquid is ejected in the second scanning cycle, suppressing of cockling and bleeding though, problems attributable to developing of color and feathering arises in regions into which no processing liquid was ejected in the first scanning cycle. According to the shown embodiment, ejection timing of the processing liquid are evenly assigned to two scanning cycles, substantially, as shown in Figs. 5I and 5J. By this, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the processing liquid counterbalance each other and, consequently, a well-balanced printing operation can be performed. In addition, according to the processing liquid ejecting method of the shown embodiment, in most cases, the processing liquid is ejected to pixels adjacent to pixels to which the inks are ejected in the first scanning cycle during which the processing liquid is not ejected, so that feathering rarely occurs in a range beyond successive pixels. It should be noted that although zero, one or two ink droplets of each color is ejected for each pixel in the embodiment set forth above, naturally, more than two ink droplets of the same color may be ejected for each pixel in the present invention. (Second Embodiment) An ink-jet printing method in the shown embodiment is substantially the same in operation as the ink-jet printing method in the first embodiment, except that the former uses an ink-jet printing apparatus provided with heads each provided with twenty-four ejection openings, prints one line of pixels by three scanning cycles as shown in Fig. 6, and uses zero, one, two or three ink droplets for forming each pixel. Fig. 7A shows print data by way of example, Fig. 7B shows ejecting data based on the print data shown in Fig. 7A, and Figs. 7C, 7D and 7E show ejecting data for the first to the third scanning cycles, respectively. An ejecting method according to the ejecting data is the same as a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 155036/1993. Figs. 7F, 7G and 7H show ejecting data for ejecting the processing liquid S in the first to the third scanning cycles. As is obvious from Figs. 7F, 7G and 7H, the processing liquid is ejected in a complementary manner for all the pixels to be printed. By this, as mentioned in connection with the description of the first embodiment, advantages of the use of the liquid S can be secured, disadvantages of the use of the liquid S are suppressed. Consequently, images well-balanced in developing of color, feathering, cockling and bleeding can be obtained. (Third Embodiment) An ink-jet printing method of the shown embodiment uses the same ink-jet printing apparatus of the second embodiment and carries out the same steps as those previously explained with reference to Fig. 6. With respect to print data shown in Fig. 7A, the inks are ejected according to the ejecting data shown in Figs. 7B, 7C, 7D and 7E. However, the ejecting method of the printing liquid S in the shown embodiment is different from that of the second embodiment, and is one according to ejecting data shown in Figs. 8A to 8C. As shown in Fig. 8A, since no processing liquid is ejected in the first scanning cycle, cockling can be suppressed, but is liable to affect adversely to development of color and to cause feathering. Half the processing liquid to be ejected are ejected during the second scanning cycle, and the rest ejected during the third scanning cycle so that S-droplets are ejected in a complementary manner for all the pixels to be formed. Thus, images well-balanced in coloring, feathering and bleeding can be obtained. (Fourth Embodiment) An ink-jet printing method in the shown embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, except that the former ejects the processing liquid according to ejecting data shown in Figs. 9A to 9C. Since the processing liquid are ejected in the first scanning cycle as shown in Fig. 9A, whereas cockling is rather liable to occur, developing of color can be improved and feathering can be suppressed. This ink-jet printing method is rather liable to cause the inks to run and bleed because the processing liquid are ejected in the first scanning cycle and ink ejected in the second scanning cycle tend to permeate the printing sheet. However, since all the necessary ink are not ejected in the first and the second scanning cycles and the ink run scarcely, so that bleeding, if any, is scarcely conspicuous. The processing liquid ejected in the third scanning cycle are complementary to those ejected in the first scanning cycle. Therefore, the processing liquid and the inks interact in pixels for which the processing liquid have been ejected to inhibit bleeding. Since processing liquid are ejected for pixels adjacent to those for which any processing liquid are not ejected, bleeding rarely occurs in a range beyond successive two pixels. Ink usable for carrying out the present invention should not be limited only to dyestuff ink, and pigment ink having pigment dispersed therein can also be used. Any type of treatment liquid can be used, provided that pigment is aggregated with it. The following pigment ink can be noted as an example of pigment ink adapted to cause aggregation by mixing with the treatment liquid A1 previously discussed. As mentioned below, yellow ink Y2, magenta ink M2, cyan ink C2 and black ink K2 each containing pigment and anionic compound can be obtained. [Black ink K2] The following materials are poured in a batch type vertical sand mill (manufactured by Aimex Co.), glass beads each having a diameter of 1 mm is filled as media using anion based high molecular weight material P-1 (aqueous solution containing a solid ingredient of styrene methacrylic acid ethylacrylate of 20 % having an acid value of 400 and average molecular weight of 6000, neutralizing agent : potassium hydroxide) as dispersing agent to conduct dispersion treatment for three hours while water-cooling the sand mill. After completion of dispersion, the resultant mixture has a viscosity of 9 cps and pH of 10.0. The dispersing liquid is poured in a centrifugal separator to remove coarse particles, and a carbon black dispersing element having a weight-average grain size of 10 nm is produced. (Composition of carbon black dispersing element) P-1 aqueous solution (solid ingredient of 20 %) 40 parts carbon black Mogul L (manufactured by Cablack Co.) 24 parts glycerin 15 parts ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 0.5 parts isopropyl alcohol 3 parts water 135 parts Next, the thus obtained dispersing element is sufficiently dispersed in water, and black ink K2 containing pigment for ink jet printing is obtained. The final product has a solid ingredient of about 10 %. [Yellow ink Y2] Anionic high molecular P-2 (aqueous solution containing a solid ingredient of 20 % of stylen-acrlylic acid methyl methaacrylate having an acid value of 280 and an average molecular weight of 11,000, neutralizing agent : diethanolamine) is used as a dispersing agent and dispersive treatment is conducted in the same manner as production of the black ink K2 whereby yellow color dispersing element having a weight-average grain size of 103 nm is produced. (composition of yellow dispersing element) P-2 aqueous solution (having a solid ingredient of 20 %) 35 parts C. I. pigment yellow 180 (tradename : Nobapalm yellow PH-G, manufactured by Hext Co.) 24 parts triethylen glycol 10 parts diethylenglycol 10 parts ethylene glycol monobutylether 1.0 parts isopropyl alcohol 0.5 parts water 135 parts The thus obtained yellow dispersing element is sufficiently dispersed in water to obtain yellow ink Y2 for ink jet printing and having pigment contained therein. The final product of ink contains a solid ingredient of about 10 %. [Cyan ink C2] Cyan colored-dispersant element having a weight-average grain size of 120 nm is produced using anionic high molecular P-1 as dispersing agent, and moreover, using the following materials by conducting dispersing treatment in the same manner as the carbon black dispersing element. (composition of cyan colored-dispersing element) P-1 aqueous solution (having solid ingredient of 20 %) 30 parts C. I. pigment blue 153 (trade name : Fastogen blue FGF, manufactured by Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc.) 24 parts glycerin 15 parts diethylenglycol monobutylether 0.5 parts isopropyl alcohol 3 parts water 135 parts The thus obtained cyan colored dispersing element is sufficiently stirred to obtain cyan ink C2 for ink jet printing and having pigment contained therein. The final product of ink has a solid ingredient of about 9.6 %. [Magenta ink M2} Magenta color dispersing element having a weight-average grain size of 115 nm is produced by using the anionic high molecular P-1 used when producing the black ink K2 as dispersing agent, and moreover, using the following materials in the same manner as that in the case of the carbon black dispersing agent. (composition of the magenta colored dispersing element) P-1 aqueous solution (having a solid ingredient of 20 %) 20 parts C. I. pigment red 122 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc.) 24 parts glycerin 15 parts isopropyl alcohol 3 parts water 135 parts Magenta ink M2 for ink jet printing and having pigment contained therein is obtained by sufficiently dispersing the magenta colored dispersing element in water. The final product of ink has a solid ingredient of about 9.2 %. The present invention achieves distinct effect when applied to a recording head or a recording apparatus which has means for generating thermal energy such as electrothermal transducers or laser light, and which causes changes in ink by the thermal energy so as to eject ink. This is because such a system can achieve a high density and high resolution recording. A typical structure and operational principle thereof is disclosed in U.S. patent Nos. 4,723,129 and 4,740,796, and it is preferable to use this basic principle to implement such a system. Although this system can be applied either to on-demand type or continuous type ink jet recording systems, it is particularly suitable for the on-demand type apparatus. This is because the on-demand type apparatus has electrothermal transducers, each disposed on a sheet or liquid passage that retains liquid (ink), and operates as follows: first, one or more drive signals are applied to the electrothermal transducers to cause thermal energy corresponding to recording information; second, the thermal energy induces sudden temperature rise that exceeds the nucleate boiling so as to cause the film boiling on heating portions of the recording head; and third, bubbles are grown in the liquid (ink) corresponding to the drive signals. By using the growth and collapse of the bubbles, the ink is expelled from at least one of the ink ejection orifices of the head to form one or more ink drops. The drive signal in the form of a pulse is preferable because the growth and collapse of the bubbles can be achieved instantaneously and suitably by this form of drive signal. As a drive signal in the form of a pulse, those described in U.S. patent Nos. 4,463,359 and 4,345,262 are preferable. In addition, it is preferable that the rate of temperature rise of the heating portions described in U.S. patent No. 4,313,124 be adopted to achieve better recording. U.S. patent Nos. 4,558,333 and 4,459,600 disclose the following structure of a recording head : this structure includes heating portions disposed on bent portions in addition to a combination of the ejection orifices, liquid passages and the electrothermal transducers disclosed in the above patents. Moreover, the present invention can be applied to structures disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laying-open Nos. 123670/1984 and 138461/1984 in order to achieve similar effects. The former discloses a structure in which a slit common to all the electrothermal transducers is used as ejection orifices of the electrothermal transducers, and the latter discloses a structure in which openings for absorbing pressure waves caused by thermal energy are formed corresponding to the ejection orifices. Thus, irrespective of the type of the recording head, the present invention can achieve recording positively and effectively. In addition, the present invention can be applied to various serial type recording heads: a recording head fixed to the main assembly of a recording apparatus; a conveniently replaceable chip type recording head which, when loaded on the main assembly of a recording apparatus, is electrically connected to the main assembly, and is supplied with ink therefrom; and a cartridge type recording head integrally including an ink reservoir. It is further preferable to add a recovery system, or a preliminary auxiliary system for a recording head as a constituent of the recording apparatus because they serve to make the effect of the present invention more reliable. As examples of the recovery system, are a capping means and a cleaning means for the recording head, and a pressure or suction means for the recording head. As examples of the preliminary auxiliary system, are a preliminary heating means utilizing electrothermal transducers or a combination of other heater elements and the electrothermal transducers, and a means for carrying out preliminary ejection of ink independently of the ejection for recording. These systems are effective for reliable recording. The number and type of recording heads to be mounted on a recording apparatus can be also changed. For example, only one recording head corresponding to a single color ink, or a plurality of recording heads corresponding to a plurality of inks different in color or concentration can be used. In other words, the present invention can be effectively applied to an apparatus having at least one of the monochromatic, multi-color and full-color modes. Here, the monochromatic mode performs recording by using only one major color such as black. The multi-color mode carries out recording by using different color inks, and the full-color mode performs recording by color mixing. Furthermore, although the above-described embodiments use liquid ink, inks that are liquid when the recording signal is applied can be used: for example, inks can be employed that solidify at a temperature lower than the room temperature and are softened or liquefied in the room temperature. This is because in the ink jet system, the ink is generally temperature adjusted in a range of 30°C-70°C so that the viscosity of the ink is maintained at such a value that the ink can be ejected reliably. In addition, the present invention can be applied to such apparatus where the ink is liquefied just before the ejection by the thermal energy as follows so that the ink is expelled from the orifices in the liquid state, and then begins to solidify on hitting the recording medium, thereby preventing the ink evaporation: the ink is transformed from solid to liquid state by positively utilizing the thermal energy which would otherwise cause the temperature rise; or the ink, which is dry when left in air, is liquefied in response to the thermal energy of the recording signal. In such cases, the ink may be retained in recesses or through holes formed in a porous sheet as liquid or solid substances so that the ink faces the electrothermal transducers as described in Japanese Patent Application Laying-open Nos. 56847/1979 or 71260/1985. The present invention is most effective when it uses the film boiling phenomenon to expel the ink. Furthermore, the ink jet recording apparatus of the present invention can be employed not only as an image output terminal of an information processing device such as a computer, but also as an output device of a copying machine including a reader, and as an output device of a facsimile apparatus having a transmission and receiving function. Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing general construction of an information processing apparatus having a function of wordprocessor, personal computer, facsimile machine, a copy machine and so forth, to which the printing apparatus according to the present invention is applied. In the drawings, a reference numeral 1801 denotes a control portion performing control of the overall apparatus, which includes CPU, such as microprocessor and so forth, and various I/O port, to perform control for outputting control signal or data signal and so forth to respective portions and inputting control signal or data signal from the respective portions. A reference numeral 1802 denotes a display portion having a display screen, on which various menu, document information and image or so forth read by an image reader 1807 are displayed. A reference numeral 1803 denotes a transparent pressure sensitive touch panel provided on the display portion 1802 for performing item entry or coordinate portion entry on the display portion 1802 by depressing the surface thereof by a finger or so forth. A reference numeral 1804 denotes a FM (frequency modulation) sound source portion which stores music information produced by a music editor and so forth in a memory portion 1810 or an external memory 1812 and performs FM modulation by reading out the stored music information from the memory portion or so forth. An electric signal from the FM sound source portion 1804 is transformed into an audible sound by a speaker portion 1805. A printer portion 1806 is employed as an output terminal of the wordprocessor, the personal computer, the facsimile machine, the copy machine and so forth, in which the printing apparatus according to the present invention is applied. A reference numeral 1807 denotes an image reader portion for optoelectrically read out an original data for inputting, which is located at the intermediate position in an original feeding path and performs reading out various original document, such as original document for facsimile machine or copy machine. A reference numeral 1808 denotes a facsimile (FAX) transmission and reception portion for transmitting original data read by the image reader portion or for receiving transmitted facsimile signal, which facsimile transmission and reception portion has an external interface function. A reference numeral 1809 denotes a telephone machine portion having a normal telephone function and various associated functions, such as a recording telephone and so forth. A reference numeral 1810 denotes a memory portion including a ROM storing a system program, a manager program, other application program and so forth, as well as character fonts, dictionary and so forth, a RAM for storing application program loaded from an external storage device 1812, document information, video information and so forth. A reference numeral 1811 denotes a keyboard portion inputting document information or various commands. A reference numeral 1812 denotes the external storage device employing a floppy disc or hard disc drive as storage medium. In the external storage device 1812, document information, music or speech information, application program of the user and so forth are stored. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic external view of the information processing system shown in Fig. 10. In Fig. 11, a reference numeral 1901 denotes a flat panel display utilizing a liquid crystal and so forth. On this display, the touch panel 1803 is overlaid so that coordinate position input or item designation input can be performed by depressing the surface of the touch panel 1803 by a finger or so forth. A reference numeral 1902 denotes a handset to be used when a function as the telephone machine of the apparatus is used. A keyboard is detachably connected to a main body of the apparatus through a cable and adapted to permit entry of various document information or various data input. On the other hand, on the keyboard 1903, various function keys and so forth are arranged. A reference numeral 1905 denotes an insertion mouth of the external storage device 1812 for accommodating a floppy disk inserted thereinto. A reference numeral 1906 denotes a paper stacking portion for stacking the original to be read by the image reader portion 1807. The original read by the image reader portion is discharged from the back portion of the apparatus. On the other hand, in facsimile reception, the received information is printed by the ink-jet printer 1907. It should be noted that while the display portion 1802 may be a CRT, it is desirable to employ a flat display panel, such as a liquid crystal display employing a ferrodielectric liquid crystal for capability of down-sizing and reduction of thickness as well as reduction of weight. When the information processing apparatus as set forth apparatus is operated as the personal computer or the wordprocessor, various information input through the keyboard portion 1811 is processed according to a predetermined program by the control portion 1801 and output as printed image by the printer portion 1806. When the information processing apparatus is operated as a receiver of the facsimile machine, facsimile information input from the FAX transmission and reception portion 1808 via a communication network is subject reception process according to the predetermined program and output as received image by the printer portion 1808. In addition, when the information processing apparatus is operated as a copy machine, the original is read by the image reader portion 1807 and the read original data is output to the printer portion as copy image via the control portion 1801. It should be noted that, when the information processing apparatus is used as the transmitter of the facsimile machine, the original data read by the image reader 1807 is processed for transmission according to the predetermined program by the control portion, and thereafter transmitted to the communication network via the FAX transmission and reception portion 1808. It should be noted that the information processing apparatus may be an integrated type incorporating the ink-jet printer within a main body as illustrated in Fig. 12. In this case, portability can be further improved. In Fig. 12, the portions having the same function to Fig. 11 are shown with the corresponding reference numerals. As set forth above, a multi-function type information processing apparatus may obtain high quality printed image at high speed and low noise by employing the printing apparatus of the present invention. Therefore, the functions of the information processing apparatus can be further enhanced. As is apparent from the foregoing description, according to the present invention, droplets of the processing liquid are ejected in a plurality scanning cycles respectively for divisions of a print region, in which pixels are to be formed and, therefore the processing liquid acts effectively on ink droplets in each division of the print region, and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the dye insulubilizing liquid counterbalance each other.

Claims: An ink-jet printing apparatus for printing on a print medium, comprising: scanning means (2, 104D, 6) for scanning relative to a print medium an ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) for ejecting ink containing a coloring material and a liquid ejecting portion (12S) for ejecting liquid so as to cause the colouring material in the ink to be rendered water-insoluble or to coagulate; and a printing controller (100) for causing the ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) to eject ink onto the print medium in accordance with print data representing an image to be printed as the ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) is scanned relative to a scan region of the print medium so as to form on the print medium an image and for causing the liquid ejecting portion (12S) to eject liquid onto the scan region, characterised in that: the printing controller (100) is arranged to divide the print data into a plurality of sets of subsidiary print data, to cause the scanning means (2, 104D, 6) to scan the scan region of the print medium a plurality of times, to cause the ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) to eject ink in accordance with a respective different one of the sets of subsidiary print data during each of said scans so as to cause at least part of the image to be formed by ink ejected onto the scan region of the print medium in one or more than one of said scans, dependent upon the print data, and to cause the liquid ejecting portion (12S) to eject liquid onto said scan region of the print medium during each of said scans. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the printing controller (100) is arranged to cause the ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) to eject ink onto one or more of a plurality of print areas defined by the scan region, and is arranged to cause the liquid ejecting portion (12S) to eject liquid on said scan region of the print medium so that each print area of said scan region receives liquid during only one of said scans regardless of whether the print area receives ink in one, or more than one, of said scans. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the printing controller (100) is arranged to cause liquid to be ejected by the liquid ejecting portion (12S) in each scan but so that no print area receives liquid during more than one of said scans. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the printing controller (100) is arranged to cause the liquid ejecting portion (12S) to eject liquid in at least two scans, such that the patterns of liquid ejection are complementary to each other within the area over which liquid is to be applied. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the printing controller (100) is arranged to cause the liquid ejecting portion (12S) to eject liquid in at least two scans, such that the liquid is ejected in each scan in a pattern, the patterns being interleaved. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, comprising a liquid ejecting portion (12S) arranged to eject a liquid containing a low-molecular cationic substance and a high-molecular cationic substance, and an ink ejection portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) arranged to eject an ink containing an anionic dye. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a liquid ejection portion (12S) operative to eject a liquid containing a low-molecular cationic substance and a high-molecular cationic substance, and an ink ejection portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) operative to eject an ink containing an anionic compound and a pigment. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) and said liquid ejecting portion (12S) are operative to produce bubbles in the ink and the liquid, respectively, by using thermal energy to eject the ink and the liquid by the agency of the bubbles. An ink-jet printing method for performing printing in accordance with print data by ejecting an ink containing a colouring material and a liquid arranged to insolubilise or coagulate the colouring material in the ink onto a print medium, the method being characterised by the steps of: dividing the print data into a plurality of sets of subsidiary print data; and for each set of subsidiary print data, performing the steps of: scanning an ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) and a liquid ejecting portion (12S) over a scan region of the print medium; and causing the ink ejecting portion (12M, 12Y, 12C, 12Bk) to eject ink in accordance with said set of subsidiary print data during said scanning step so as to form at least part of an image on the scan region; and causing the liquid ejecting portion (12S) to eject liquid. A method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of: defining a plurality of print areas within the scan region; wherein the step of causing liquid ejection causes liquid to be ejected during only one of said scanning steps to each print area which receives ink, regardless of whether the print area receives ink in one, or more than one, of said scanning steps. A method according to claim 10, wherein the step of causing liquid ejection causes liquid to be ejected during each scanning step, such that no print area receives liquid during more than one of said scanning steps. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, including the step of providing a plurality of liquid ejecting portions (12S). A method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein, when liquid is ejected in more than one scanning step, the liquid is ejected in a predetermined pattern, the patterns of liquid ejection being complementary to each other over the region over which liquid is to be ejected. A method according to claim 13, including the step of generating complementary patterns of liquid ejection, said pattern generating step including dividing the region over which ink is to be ejected into patterns complementary to each other. A method according to claim 14, wherein at least one of the liquid ejection patterns is a checkered pattern. A method according to claim 15, wherein the patterns complementary to each other are formed by dividing a pattern into two patterns. A method according to claim 16, wherein the patterns complementary to each other are a first checkered pattern and a second checkered pattern, the second checkered pattern being the inverse of the first over the region over which liquid is to be ejected. An image forming apparatus comprising: (a) an ink-jet printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8; and (b) an image reading unit for reading an original image; wherein said ink-jet printing apparatus is arranged to perform printing on the basis of print data representing an original image read by said image reading unit, in use. An image forming apparatus comprising: (a) an ink-jet printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8; and (b) a print data sending and receiving unit capable of sending print data to and receiving print data from an external apparatus; wherein said ink-jet printing apparatus is arranged to perform printing on the basis of print data received by said print data sending and receiving unit, in use. An information processing apparatus comprising: (a) an ink-jet printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8; and (b) a computer; wherein said ink-jet printing apparatus is arranged to perform printing on the basis of print data provided by the computer, in use.

Inventors: SHIOYA MAKOTO, TSUCHII KEN, SHIOYA, MAKOTO, TSUCHII, KEN
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2, B41M5