A DRAWBAR COUPLING AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING THE COUPLING AND LIMITING TILTING OF A BODY

Abstract: A pull clutch including decoupling means to couple a semi-trailer platform body in turnable manner to a drawing vehicle chassis or to a platform body in turnable manner to a semi-trailer chassis resting on the axle assembly. The pull clutch comprises a ball-shaped (17) part, for which in a part fixed on the platform body a ball-shaped counter-face (18) with the function of a bearing is formed, and a socket (15) for which a counter-face is formed either in the platform body, the vehicle chassis or a part (2) in the body of the semi-trailer axle assembly.

Description: A DRAWBAR COUPLING AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING THE COUPLING AND LIMITING TILTING OF A BODY The invention relates to a pull switch between a vehicle and its semi-trailer, which clutch can be used also for coupling semi-trailer platform bodies to horizontally turning semi¬ trailer axle assemblies. Previously known is a turn table between semi-trailer and drawing vehicle, on which table the front end of the semi¬ trailer rests on the drawing vehicle. The turn table is a level top on which the countertace of the semi-trailer front end is turning when the drawing vehicle and semi-traa ler have different directions. The turn table is articulated to swing about the transvers axle in the vehicle so that on driving the coupling allows the semi-trailer to yield up-and-down in regard to the dwawmg vehicle. In semi-trailers a ring gear is known, by means of which front axle assembly is coupled to the semi-trailer platform body. The front axle assembly must be steerable and thus turnable m regard to the platform body. The ring gear does not allow any tilt of platform with respect to the axle assembly but only horizontal turning. The disadvantage of the above mentioned coupling means, which allow turnig, is that they do not allow any tilt at all or allow in one direction only. Since roads and especially the terrain are often uneven, the vehicle supension has to even out all vertical deviations of vehicle and semi-trailer, when they are in turned position in regard to each other. Likewise, the front axle assembly of the semi-trailer itself is stiff m all turned positions in regard to the platform body and the suspension alone equalizes the impacts of terrain roughness. s the coupling of semi-trailor to the drawing vehicle does not in turned position allow any tilting, it leads in rough terrain to wheel jump-up, torsion and cranking m the turn table and great stress to the suspension. Same exertions also effect a full trailer, when its front axle assembly is turned in rough terrain. With the pull clutch and coupling means as per this invention a decisive improvement of the above presented disadvantages is reached. The invention is characterized m what is presented m the enclosed patent claims. The most important advantages of the invention can be con¬ sidered the facts that the pull crutch is easily discoupled, it allows tilting m all directions and, upon need, tilting can be restricted with its coupling means. These tilt restricting means are used also for discouplmg the clutch, upon need, lifting off the coupling part by them. Ball lubrication is easy from the lubricant supply along special lubrication channels, for instance. Further, by means of the pull clutch assembly, tilt restriction can be adjusted with regard to different turning angles and thus improve keeping combination vehicles upright. In the following the invention is disclosed with reference to the enclosed drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the pull clutch by means of which a platform body is coupled to the chassis frame. Fig. 2 shows a cross section of the pull clutch m figure i viewed from another angel. Fig. 3 shows the ball calotte as pull clutch sliding face Fig. 4 shows the conic surface as pull clutch sliding face. Figure 1 is a platform body 7 comprising side oeams δ and intermediate beams 12 connecting them m this projection. Under platform body 7 the vehicle chassis 6 is showned com¬ prised of side beams 9 and also mermediate beams joining them is this por ection. Side beams 9 are separate beams mounted on the ordinary beams, whereat it is easy to mount the pull clutch assembly even later on, for instance m the drawing vehicle chassis. In the lower part on the intermediate beams a socket 2 e.g. of cast iron is fitted. Into it for pull clutch 11 a conical space is rotary-cut. The pull clutch has a closure pin 5 m its lower end. In the upper frame 7 between intermediate beams 12 a ball housing, most suitably of cast iron, is 1 fitted. The housing has a detachable collar part 13, by means of which the pull clutch ball has been locked into to housing. The ball is of steel or steel-cast, at first cast or formed e.g. as two halves and joined together as a ball. Inside the ball there is lubrication entering onto the sliding surface along channels 4. Through connection 14 more lubrication can be fed to the sliding surface or pressure conveyed into the ball in order to intensify the travel of lubrication. To the proper side beams of the vehicle cylinders 10 are fastened, by means of which, m lifting the side beams, the pull clutch 8 can be lifted off, for instance in order to uncouple the semi-trailer. The cylinders can also function as tilt restnctors when they are adjusted to a proper from beams 8. In the cylinder tops there are rolls or sliding pieces, since chassis 6 and platform body 7 can during restriction turn with respect to each other. Tilt restriction is necessary especially whith the drawing vehicle and the semi-trailer an the same direction as per figure 1. Even high platforms used by then remain stabil all the time during driving, because they are supported from their front part by the drawing vehicle. If one wants to support the platform also in other mutual turning positions of the drawing vehicle and the semi-trailer, the number of cylinders is increased to four, for instance, and arranged as a ring about the pull clutch. In the lower face of beams 8 a ring gear is fastened on the same radius as the cylinders, whereat by means of cylinders 10 the platform body can be supported against the ring gear in all semi-trailer turning positions. The height of cylinders 10, i.e. height of piston exit, is adjusted individually, for instance according the the height of the platform body angle. Cylinders 10 are connected to the control system adjusting the level of the cylinders. The smallest tilt is arranged in the position of straight-forward driving as per figure 1. When the pull clutch is coupled to the turning axle assembly of the semi-trailer the above mentioned ring gear about the pull switch in the lower surface of body 7 is used. The cylinders, 4 ea or more, are arranged according to the ring gear and their height is also controlled so that by straight forward driving minimum tilt is allowed. The pull switch can come into question especially in contex with a semi-trailer steering front axle assembly but the semi-trailer rear axle assembly can also be made turnable, for instance by means of the above mentioned pull switch and tilt restrictors. The bottom face of above mentioned ring gear can be formed wave¬ like, whereat all cylinders can be at same height. Between the ring gear bottom side and cylinder tops tilt tolerance is arranged in wanted ring gear positions. Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the pull switch perpendic¬ ular to the figure 1 section. The lifting and restricting cylinders 10 are on both sides by the pull clutch. Figure 3 shows an application whith ball calotte 17 as sliding face. In the platform body a circular counter part 18 is fastened to glide on the ball calotte. Separation between these facesr is prevented by part 21 on ball calotte 17 by means of threaded part 19. Ring 18 glides also partly under part 21. Lubricant is brought along channel 16 from socket part 15, which is a counter part by coupling the clutch to tne vehicle. The clutch can be locked stiff pressing piston 23 into the centre hole of part 21. The piston 23 rod takes support from platform body 20. In figure 4 the ball surface is replaced by a conical surface allowing only the platform body to turn horizontally with respect to the pull clutch counter part 24. Rising of platform body off the conical surface is prevented by flange 26. Each introduced pull clutch type can also be mounted upside down, whereby the slide face becomes converted or also completely converted, whereby even the socket part 15 is turned upward and fastened to the platform body. In this case the clutch and its slide faces are in the vehicle. The invention is not restricted to the enclosed embodiments but modifications are possible within the limits of the mventional concept.

Claims: PATENT CLAIMS 1. A pull clutch for coupling a semi-trailer platform body in turnable manner to a drawing vehicle chassis or to a platform body m turnable manner to a semi-trailer chassis on the axle assembly characterized m that the pull clutch comprises a ball-shaped part (3), (17) or a conical part (24) and an interacting ball-shaped (1), (18) or conical (25) counter- face and a socket part (11), (15) , for which a counterface is formed either in the platform body, vehicle chassis (6) or a part (2) in the body of the semi-trailer axle assembly. 2. A pul ciutcn according to patent claim 1 characterized in that the pull clutch can be discoupled lifting socket (11), (15) off counter-part (2) . 3. A pull clutch according to patent claim 1 or 2 character¬ ized m that socket (11) is partly or completely conical. 4. A pull clutch according to one or many patent claims 1 - 3 characterized in that from the inside of ball (3) or ball calotte (17) there are lubrication channels (4), (16) to the sliding face. 5. Means to discouple the pull clutch according to patent claim 1 and to restict tilting of platform body (7) resting on the clutch characterized in that there m connection with the pull clutch cylinders (10) for lifting platform body (7) and realising pull clutch seat (11), (15) from its counter-part (2) . 6. Means according to patent claim 5 characterized n that one or many cylinders (10) are fitted to function as platform body (7) tilt restrictor. 7. Means according to any patent claim 5 - 6 characterized in that the lifting and decoupling cylinders (10) of the pull clutch work as tilt restrictors. 8. Means according to any patent claim 5 - 7 characterized in that m the lower face of platform body (7) a ring gear is mounted and that there are several cylinders (10) m the vehicle chassis (6) or m the the semi-trailer axle assembly for restriction of tilting by means of the cylinders against the ring gear m all positions of the platform body or the the axle assembly. 9. Means according to any patent claim 5 - 8 characterized m that lifting cylinders (10) are fitted to restrict the tilt of the platform body (7) with respect to the drawing vehicle chassis (6) at least in the position it has in the direction of the drawing vehicle chassis (6) . 10. Means according to any patent claim 5 - 9 characterized m that the restricting power of the restricting cylinders is adjustable according to platform body (7) horizontal tilting angle data.

Inventors: OUNASLEHTO ERKKI, OUNASLEHTO, ERKKI
Applicants: OUNASLEHTO ERKKI, OUNASLEHTO, ERKKI
Application year: 1996
Main classification: B60P1
IPC codes: B62D53