PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYCARBONATE

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a polycarbonate through transesterification which comprises using, as a polymerization catalyst, (1) a combination of a nitrogen-containing organic basic compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt, (2) a tetraarylphosphonium salt having a specific chemical structure, or (3) a quaternary phosphonium salt having a specific chemical structure and containing a branched alkyl group; and a process for producing a polycarbonate which comprises the steps of preparing a polycarbonate prepoplymer by preliminary polymerization and thereafter polymerizing the resultant prepolymer in a state of a solid phase by the use of a quaternary phosphonium salt as a catalyst. By using any of these processes it is made possible to produce, in extremely high efficiency, a high-quality polycarbonate being excellent in appearance, heat resistance, hydrolysis resistance and the like.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a process for producing a polycarbonate. More particularly, it pertains to a process for efficiently producing a high-quality polycarbonate in a short reaction time, by using a specific poymerization catalyst at the time of producing the polycarbonate by means of transesterification, for example, by means of transesterification using a dihydroxyl compound and a carbonic acid diester. BACKGROUND ART A polycarbonate is an engineering plastics which is excellent in transparency, heat resistance or impact resistance, and is widely used at the present time in a variety of fields of electric/electronics, automobiles, optical parts, etc. and in other industrial fields. As a process for producing the polycarbonate, various techniques are investigated, and there have heretofore been widely known a process in which an aromatic dihydroxyl compound is brought into direct reaction with phosgene (interfacial polycondensation process) and a process in which an aromatic dihydroxyl compound and a carbonic acid diester are subjected to transesterification in a molten state (melting polymerization process). With regard to the interfacial polycondensation process in the processes for producing a polycarbonate, polymerization is carried out, while the resulting polymer is dissolved in a solvent, and therefore the viscosity of the solution is extremely increased when it is intended to produce an aromatic polycarbonate having a high degree of polymerization. Thus, much labor and a long time are required for the purification of the resultant polymer including cleaning, neutralization and the like; and besides the purification is prone to become insufficient, and the concentranted polymer solution is made pasty, thereby making it difficult to deal with, if the solvent is only removed by a conventional method such as heating or pressure reduction at the time of producing a polymer in solid form from the resultant polymer solution. The above-mentioned process, therefore, suffers a number of disadvantages, for example, there is required a complicated procedure of removing the solvent and precipitant which remain in the polymer after the polymer is precipitated by the addition of the precipitant. (Refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 67394/1976(Sho 51).) On the other hand, the transesterification process (melting polymerization process) is advantageous in that it is free from the aforesaid problems with the interfacial polycondensation process, and is capable of producing a polycarbonate at a cost lower than that in the interfacial polycondensation process. Nevertheless, the transesterification process suffers a serious drawback that the polycarbonate obtained thereby is inevitably colored because of the reaction for a long time at a temperature as high as 280 to 310°C in usual cases. In addition, the process involves the problem that the polycarbonate obtained thereby is poor in resistance to hydrolysis as a result of the frequent use of a basic catalyst. There are proposed, in order to solve the problems with the transesterification process (melting polymerization process), for example, a method in which a specific catalyst is employed (refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 39972/1986 (Sho 61), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 223036/1988 (Sho 63), etc., a method in which an antioxidant is added to the reactant in the latter period of the reaction (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 151236/1986 (Sho 61), 158719/1987 (Sho 62), etc., a method in which neutralization is performed with an acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and the excess acid is neutralized with an epoxy compound (refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 175368/1992 (Hei 4), etc. However, the problem is not yet sufficiently solved. Moreover, in order to solve the problem with the transesterification process (melting polymerization process) that this process fails to produce a high molecular weight product, there is proposed the use, in the latter period of the reaction, of a twin screw vent-type kneading extruder (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62522/1986 (Sho 61)) or a horizontal stirred polymerization vessel (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 153925/1990 (Hei 2)). However, the problem is not yet sufficiently solved. There is also proposed a solid-phase polymerization process (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 158033/1989 (Hei 1), Japanese Patent Publication No. 99553/1994 (Hei 6), etc.), which however, involve the problem that the process fails to improve the deterioration of the product quality due to the residual catalyst containing zinc acetate, tin acetate or the like to be used as a catalyst, and that, in the case where the polymerization is carried out in the absence of catalyst for the purpose of maintaining favorable quality of the product, the rate of reaction is extremely lowered. DE-A 1 570 534 discloses the production of polycarbonate by melt transesterification using a quaternary ammonium salt or a phosphonium salt as catalyst. Mixtures of the catalysts can be used. DE-A 4 238 123 discloses the production of polycarbonate by melt transesterification using a quaternary ammonium salt or a phosphonium salt as the catalyst, optionally in combination. US-A 5 214 073 discloses the production of polycarbonate by first preparing a prepolymer by the phosgene route or the transesterification route, converting the prepolymer to a crystalline granulate and subjecting this to a solid state polymerisation. Quaternary ammonium salts and phosphonium salts are mentioned as suitable catalysts. DESCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for efficiently producing a polycarbonate which is excellent in quality through the solution to the problems with the conventional processes for producing a polycarbonate as described hereinbefore. As a result of intensive research and investigation accumulated by the present inventors for the purpose of achieving the above-mentioned object, it has been found that the use of a specific catalyst in the case of carrying out transesterification by using a dihydroxyl compound and a carbonic acid dester, etc., makes it possible to maintain a sufficient catalytic activity from the initial stage of the transesterification to the latter stage thereof and to thermally decompose the catalyst in the last stage of the reaction without bringing about the deterioration of the polymer quality, thereby achieving the above-mentioned object. The present invention has been accomplished by the foregoing finding and information. Specifically, the present invention provides: (1) a process for producing a polycarbonate which comprises using the combination of (a) a nitrogen-containing organic basic compound and (b) a quaternary phosphonium salt of formula (III) or (IV) as defined in claim 1 as a polymerization catalyst in the production of the polycarbonate by means of transesterification. THE MOST PREFERRED EMBODIMENT TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a polycarbonate is produced by means of transesterification. The starting raw material to be employed in the transesterification is not specifically limited, but may be any of various starting raw materials that are used for the production by conventional transesterification. Examples of the starting raw materials in the transesterification include (1) Combination of a dihydroxyl compound as the component (A) and a carbonic acid diester as the component (B); (2) combination of a diester of a dihydroxyl compound as the component (A) and a carbonic acid diester as the component (B); (3) combination of a dicarbonic acid ester of a dihydroxyl compound as the component (A) and a carbonic acid diester as the component (B); (4) a dicarbonic acid ester of a dihydroxyl compound (self-condensation); (5) a monocarbonic acid ester of a dihydroxyl compound (self-transesterification) and the like. Of these, the combination of a dihydroxyl compound as the component (A) and a carbonic acid diester as the component (B) [item (1)] is preferably used. The dihydroxyl compound which is preferably used in the transesterification as the component (A) is at least one compound selected from its examples including aromatic dihydroxyl compounds and aliphatic dihydroxyl compounds. The aromatic dihydroxyl compound to be used as the component (A) can be exemplified by the compound represented by the general formula (V) wherein R 13 and R 14 are each a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, heptyl group and octyl group, and may be same as or different from each other; a plurality of R 13 , when being present, may be the same as or different from each other, and a plurality of R 14 , when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; d and e are each an integer of 0 to 4; and Z is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkylidene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, -O-, -CO-, or a bond represented by the formula (VI) or (VI') Examples of an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and an alkylidene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms include a methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group, hexylene group, ethylidene group and isopropylidene group. Examples of an cycloalkylene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms and a cycloalkylidene group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms include a cyclopentyl group, cyclohexylene group, cyclopentylidene group and cyclohexylidene group. Examples of the aromatic dihydroxyl compound represented by the general formula (V) include bis(hydroxyaryl)alkanes such as bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; 1-1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 1-1-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethane; 1,1-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethane; 1-phenyl-1,1-bis(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ehtane; 2-2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (usually called bisphenol A); 2,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 1,1-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)octane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-1-methylphenyl)propane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-tert-butylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-bromophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-chlorophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane; 2,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butane; 1,1-bis(2-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butane; 1,1-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butane; 1,1-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)isobutane; 1,1-bis(2-tert-amyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)butane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)butane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydrophenyl)butane; 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane; 1-1-bis(2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)heptane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)octane; and 1,1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, bis(hydroxyaryl)cycloalkanes such as 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; and 1-1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, bis(hydroxyaryl) ethers such as bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ether; and bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) ether, bis(hydroxyaryl) sulfide such as bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide; and bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis(hydroxyaryl) sulfoxide such as bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxide; bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxide; and bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxide, bis(hydroxyaryl) sulfones such as bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone; and bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, and dihydroxybiphenyl such as 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl; 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl; 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl; 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dicyclohexybiphenyl and 3,3'-difluoro-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl. Examples of the aromatic dihydroxyl compounds other than those represented by the general formula (V) include dihydroxybenzenes and halogen- and/or -alkyl- substituted dihydroxybenzenes. Specific examples of these include resorcinol; 3-methylresorcinol; 3-ethylresorcinol; 3-propylresorcinol; 3-butylresorcinol; 3-tert-butylresorcinol; 3-phenylresorcinol; 3-cumylresorcinol; 2,3,4,6-tetrafluororesorcinol; 2,3,4,6-tetrabromoresorcinol; catechol; hydroquinone; 3-methylhydroquinone; 3-ethylhydroquinone; 3-propylhydroquinone; 3-butylhydroquinone; 3-tert-butylhydroquinone; 3-phenylhydroquinone; 3-cumylhydroquinone; 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone; 2,3,5,6-tetramethylhydroquinone; 2,3,5,6-tetra-tert-butylhydroquinone; 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorohydroquinone and 2,3,5,6-tetrabromohydroquinone. A variety of compounds are available as aliphatic dihydroxyl compounds to be used as the component (A). Examples of these include butane-1,4-diol; 2,2-dimthylpropane-1,3-diol; hexane-1,6-diol; diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol; octaethylene glycol; dipropylene glycol; N-methyldiethanolamine; cyclohexane-1,3-diol; cyclohexane-1,4-diol; 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane; p-xylylene glycol; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane; an adduct of a dihydric alcohol or dihydric phenol and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, specifically exemplified by an adduct of bisphenol A and ethylene oxide, an adduct of tetrachlorobisphenol A and ethylene oxide and an adduct of tetrachlorohydroquinone and ethylene oxide. At least one compound suitably selected from among the above-exemplified compound is used as the dihydroxyl compound of the component (A) in the preferable production process according to any of the first to third aspects of the present invention. Of these, bisphenol A as one of the aromatic dihydroxyl compounds is preferably used. On the other hand, a variety of compounds are available as carbonic acid diesters to be used as the component (B) in the first to third aspects of the present invention. Examples of these include carbonate of a diaryl compound, carbonate of a dialkyl compound and carbonate of an alkylaryl compound, from wich at least one compound is selected for use. The carbonate of a diaryl compound to be used as the component (B) is a compound represented by the general formula (VII) wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each an aryl group, and may be the same as or different from each other, or is a compound represented by the general formula (VIII) wherein Ar 3 and Ar 4 are each an aryl group, and may be the same as or different from each other, and D 1 is a residue obtained by removing two hydroxyl groups from the above-mentioned aromatic dihydroxyl compound. The carbonate of a dialkyl compound is a compound represented by the general formula (IX) wherein R 15 and R 16 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other, or is a compound represented by the general formula (X) wherein R 17 and R 18 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms and may be the same as or different from each other, D 2 is a residue obtained by removing two hydroxyl groups from the above-mentioned aromatic dihydroxyl compound. The carbonate of an alkylaryl compound is a compound represented by the general formula (XI) wherein Ar 5 is an aryl group and R 19 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or is a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, or a compound represented by the general formula (XII) wherein Ar 6 is an aryl group, R 20 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and D 3 is a residue obtained by removing two hydroxyl groups from the above-mentioned aromatic dihydroxyl compound. As the carbonate of a diaryl compound, mention is made, for example, of diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonete, bis(chlorophenyl) carbonate, bis(m-cresyl) carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, bis(diphenyl) carbonate, and bisphenol A-bisphenyl carbonate. As the carbonate of a dialkyl compound, mention is made, for example, of diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dicyclohexyl carbonate, and bisphenol A/bis(methyl) carbonate. As the carbonate of an alkylaryl compound, mention is made, for example, of methyl phenyl carbonate, ethyl phenyl carbonate, butyl phenyl carbonate, cyclohexyl phenyl carbonae and bisphenol A/methyl phenyl carbonate. At least one compound suitably selected from among the above-exemplified compounds is used as the carbonic acid diester of the component (B) in any of the first to third aspects of the present invention. Of these, diphenyl carbonate is preferably used. As a starting raw material which is used in any of the first to third aspects of the present invention and is other than the aforesaid dihydroxyl compound and carbonic acid diester, mention can be made, for example, of the following compounds: Specifically, diesters of the dihydroxyl compound are exemplified by diacetic acid esters of bisphenol A, dipropionic acid ester of bisphenol A, dibutyric acid ester of bisphenol A and dibenzoic acid ester of bisphenol A. In addition, dicarbonic aicd esters of the dihydroxyl compound are exemplified by bismethyl carbonate of bisphenol A, bisethyl carbonate of bisphenol A and bisphenyl carbonate of bisphenol A. Moreover, monocarbonic acid esters of the dihydroxyl compound are exemplified by monomethyl carbonate of bisphenol A, monoethyl carbonate of bisphenol A, monopropyl carbonate of bisphenol A and monophenyl carbonate of bisphenol A. A terminal stopper can be used when necessary in the production process according to any of the first to third aspects of the present invention. Example of such terminal stopper incllude o-n-butylphenol, m-n-butylphenol, p-n-butylphenol, o-isobutylphenol, m-isobutylphenol, p-isobutylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol, m-tert-butylphenol, p-tert-butylphenol, o-n-pentylphenol, m-n-pentylphenol, p-n-pentylphenol, o-n-hexylphenol, m-n-hexylphenol, p-n-hexylphenol, o-cyclohexylphenol, m-cyclohexylphenol, p-cyclohexylphenol, o-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol, o-n-nonylphenol, m-n-nonylphenol, p-n-nonylphenyl. o-cumylphenol, m-cumylphenol, p-cumylphenol, o-naphthylphenol, m-naphthylphenol, p-naphthylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,5-di-cumylphenol, 3,5-dicumylphenol, compounds represented by any of the following formulas: and monohydric phenols such as chroman derivatives represented by any of the following formulas: Among these phenols, p-tert-butylphenol, p-cumylphenol, and p-phenylphenol are preferable although the kind of the phenol is not particularly limited in the present invnetion. Other usable examples include the compounds represented by any of the following formulas: wherein n is an integer of 7 to 30. wherein R 21 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and k is an interger of 1 to 3. In the present invention, a branching agent may be used when necessary, which is exemplified by phloroglucin; trimellitic acid; 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 1-[α-methyl-α-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-[α',α'-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene; α,α',α''-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene; and isatin bis(o-cresol). It is necessary in the transesterification to use as a polymerization catalyst, the combination of (a) a nitrogen-containing organic basic compound and (b) a specific quaternary phosphonium salt. As the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing organic basic compound of the component (a), a variety of such compounds are available without specific limitation, and are exemplified by aliphatic tertiary amine compounds such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine and dimethylbenzylamine; dimethylaminopyridine such as N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine; and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as 4-(diethylamino)pyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine, 2-methoxypyridine, 4-methoxypyridine, imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidzole, 2-dimethylaminoimidazole, 2-methoxyimidazole, 2-mercaptoimidazole, aminoquinoline, and diazabicyclooctane (DABCO). In addition, mention may be made of quaternary ammonium salts represented by the general formula (I) (NR 1 4 ) + z (X L ) z- wherein R 1 is an organic group, for example, a straight-chain or a brached alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group such as methyl group, ethyl gorup, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group and cyclohexyl group, an aryl group with or without a substituent group, such as phenyl group, tolyl group, naphthyl group and biphenyl group, or an arylalkyl group with or without a substituent group, such as benzyl group, four R 1 may be the same as or different from each other, and two R 1 may combine with each other to form a ring; X 1 is a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, HCO 3 , CO 3 or BR 2 4 wherein R 2 is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group such as alkyl group or aryl group and four R 2 may be the same as or different from each other; and z is 2 in the case of X 1 being CO 3 and is 1 in the other cases. Examples of such quaternary ammonium salt include ammonium hydroxides having an alkyl group, aryl group, alkylaryl group or arylalkyl group, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonoium hydroxide, and trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide; basic ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium borohydride, tetrabutylammonium borohydride, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate and tetramethylammonium tetraphenylborate; and quaternary ammonium salt of the general formula (I) in which z is 2, such as bis(tetramethylammonium) carbonate. Of these nitrogen-containing organic basic compounds, quaternary ammonium salts represented by the general formula (I) are preferable from the viewpoints of its high catalyst-activity, ease of thermal decomposition, being less apt to remain in the polymer, and the like, and are preferably exemplified by tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium borohydride and tetrabutylammonium borohydride, among which tetramethylammonium hydroxide is particularly preferable. The nitrogen-containing organic basic compound may be used alone or in combination with at least one other. The quaternary phosphonium salt is a compound represented by the general formula (III) wherein R 6 is an organic group, and a plurality of R 6 -Ph (phenyl group), when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; X 3 is a halogen atome, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, BR 7 4 wherein R 7 is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group and four R 7 may be the same as or different from each other, HCO 3 or CO 3 , b is 2 in the case of X 3 being CO 3 and is 1 in the other cases; and n is an integer of O to 4, and also by the compound represented by the general formula (IV) wherein R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or aryl group, and may be the same as or different from each other, at least two of them may combine with each other to form a ring, but two or three of them are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom, a plurality of R 8 R 9 R 10 C-, when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; R 11 is an alkyl group or aryl group and a plurality of R 11 , when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; X 4 is a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, BR 12 4 wherein R 12 is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group and four R 12 may be the same as or different from each other, HCO 3 or CO 3 ; c is 2 in the case of X 4 being CO 3 and is 1 in the other cases; and m is an integer of 1 to 4. In the case where X 3 in the general formula (III) is a monovalent group (Y 3 ) such as a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, BR 7 4 or HCO 3 , then the quaternary phosphonium salt represented by the general formula (III) is represented by the general formula (III'): and in the case where X 3 is a divalent group (Y 4 ), that is, CO 3 , it is represented by the general formula (III") On the other hand, in the case where X 4 in the general formula (IV) is a monovalent group (Y 5 ) such as a halogen atom, hydroxy group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, BR 12 or HCO 3 , then the quaternary phosphonium salt containing a branched alkyl group which salt is represented by the general formula (IV) is represented by the general formula (IV'): and in the case where X 4 is a divalent group (Y 6 ), that is, CO 3 , it is represented by the general formula (IV") In the above-mentioned general formula (III), examples of the cationic portion, that is, phosphonium ion may include biphenyltriphenylphosphonium, methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium and naphthylphenyltriphenylphosphonium and examples of the anionic portion, that is, (X 3 ) b- include Cl - , F - , OPh - , CH 3 COO - , CH 3 CH 2 COO - , BH 4 - , BPh 4 - , HCO 3 - and C 3 2 . As examples of the quaternary phosphonium salt represented by the general formula (III), mention may be made of various compounds each formed by suitably selecting a cation and anion from those exemplified above and combining with each other. Specific examples thereof include tetraphenylphosphonium hydroxide, biphenyltriphenylphosphonium hydroxide, methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium hydroxide, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium hydroxide, naphthylphenyltriphenylphosphonium hydroxide, tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, biphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, naphthylphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, tetraphenylphosphonium phenolae, biphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenolate, methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenolate, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenolate, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, biphenyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and naphthylphenyltriphenylphosphonium chloride. In the above-mentioned general formula (IV), examples of the cationic portion, that is, phosphonium ion may include isopropyltrimethylphosphonium; isopropyltriethylphosphonium; isopropyltributylphosphonium; isopropyltriphenylphosphonium; tetraisopropylphosphonium; cyclohexyltriethylphosphonium; cyclohexyltrimethylphosphonium; cyclohexyltributylphosphonium; cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium; tetracyclohexylphosphonium; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltrimethylphosphonium; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphonium; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltributylphosphonium; and 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriphenylphosphonium. Examples of the anionic portion, that is, (X 4 ) c- may include Cl - , F - , OH - , OPh - , CH 3 COO - , CH 3 CH 2 COO - , BH 4 - , HCO 3 - and CO 3 2- . As examples of the quaternary phosphonium salt containing a branched alkyl group which salt is represented by the general forumula (IV), mention may be made of various compounds each formed by suitably selecting a cation and anion from those exemplified above and combining with each other. Specific examples thereof include isopropyltrimethylphosphonium hydroxide; isopropyltrimethylphosphonium phenolate; isopropyltrimethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate; isopropyltrimethylphosphonium chloride; isopropyltrimethylphosphonium acetate; bis(isopropyltrimethylphosphonium) carbonate; isopropyltriethylphosphonium hydroxide; isopropyltriethylphosphonium phenolate; isopropyltriethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate; isopropyltriethylphosphonium chloride; isopropyltriethylphosphonium acetate; bis(isopropyltriethylphosphonium) carbonate; cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium hydroxide; cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium phenolate; cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate; cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium chloride; cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium acetate; bis(cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium) carbonate, cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonium hydroxide; cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonum phenolate; cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate; cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonium chloride; cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonium acetate; bis(cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonium) carbonate, 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphonium hydroxide; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphonium phenolate; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphounium tetraphenylborate; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphonium chloride; 1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphonium acetate; and bis(1,1,1-triphenylmethyltriethylphosphonium) carbonate. Ofthese, cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate and cyclopentyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate are particularly preferable from the standpoint of working effect. The quaternary phosphonium salt as the component (b) may be used alone or in combination with at least one other. It is preferable that, in the aforestated nitrogen-containing organic basic compound and quaternary phosphonium salt, the contents of metallic impurities be as less as possible and in particular, the contents of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds be 50 ppm or less. When a dihydroxyl compound is used as a staring raw material for the transesterification, the amount of the nitrogen-containing organic basic compound as the component (a) to be used as the polymerization catalyst is 10 -1 to 10 -6 mol, preferably 10 -2 to 10 -5 mol, more preferably 10 -3 to 10 -4 mol per one mol of the dihydroxyl compound, and the amount of the specific quaternary phosphonium salt as the component (b) to be used is 10 -3 to 10 -8 mol, preferably 10 -4 to 10 -7 mol, more preferably 10 -5 to 10 -6 mol per one mol thereof. An amount of the component (a) to be used of less than 10 -6 mol will cause a fear of insufficient catalyst-activity, whereas that more than 10 -1 mol unfavorably leads to a increase in cost. On the other hand, an amount of the component (b) to be used of less than 10 -8 mol will cause a fear of insufficient catalyst-activity in the latter stage of the reaction, whereas that more than 10 -3 mol unfavorably leads to an increase in cost. The polymerization catalyst is incorporated in the dihydroxyl compound as the starting raw material in such an amount that the total amount of the components (a) and (b) becomes usually 10 -1 to 10 -8 mol, preferably 10 -2 to 10 -7 mol, more preferably 10 -3 to 10 -6 mol per one mol of the dihydroxy compound. An amount thereof less than 10 -8 mol will cause a fear of failure to manifest the effect of the catalyst, whereas that more than 10 -1 mol is liable to bring about an increase in cost as well as the deterioration of physical properties of the polycarbonate as the final product, particularly heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance. There is no need, therefore, to use the catalyst in an amount more than 10 -1 mol. There are employed the starting raw materials that are used for producing a polycarbonate through the conventional transesterification. It is preferable to carry out the transesterification by the use of the dihydroxyl compound of the component (A), the carbonic acid diester of the component (B) and when necessary, a terminal stopper or a branching agent. With this method; a polycarbonate excellent in quality can be produced. Specifically, the reaction needs only be made to proceed according to the conventional transesterification process. In the following, some description will be given specifically of the procedures and conditions for the production process by means of transesterification. First of all, the dihydroxy compound of the component (A) and the carbonic acid diester of the component (B) are subjected to transesterification at a (B)/(A) molar ratio of about 0.9 to 1.5. The molar ratio is preferably 0.95 to 1.20, more preferably 0.98 to 1.20, as the case may be, depending upon the situation. When the terminal stopper comprising the above-mentioned monohydric phenol or the like is present in an amount of 0.05 to 10 mol based on the dihydroxy compound of the component (A) at the time of the transesterification, the hydroxyl group of the resultant polycarbonate is sealed at the ends thereof, thereby producing a polycarbonate markedly excellent in heat resistance and water resistance. The aforesaid terminal stopper comprising the monohydric phenol or the like may be added to the reaction system in whole in advance, or in part in advance with the balance being added with the progress of the reaction. Alternatively, the terminal stopper may be added in whole to the reaction system, as the case may be, after a partial progress of the transesterification of the dihydroxy compound of the component (A) with the carbonic acid diester of the component (B). The reaction temperature in the transesterification is selected, without specific limitation, in the range of usually 100 to 300°C, preferably 180 to 300°C, and is more preferably raised to 180 to 300°C in a gradual manner according to the progress of the reaction. A transesterification temperature lower than 100°C results in a low rate of reaction, whereas that higher than 330°C unfavorably brings about side reactions or problems such as coloration of the resultant polycarbonate. The reaction pressure is set according to the vapor pressure of the monomer to be used and the reaction temperature without specific limitation so that the reaction proceeds efficiently. In many causes, the reaction is put into practice at 1.013 - 50.65 MPa (1 to 50 atm (760 to 38,000 torr.)), that is, under atmospheric (ordinary) pressure or under pressure in the initial stage of reaction, under reduced pressure in the latter stage and preferably at 1.33 - 13332.2 Pa (0.01 to 100 torr). in the final stage. The reaction time is set so as to achieve a targeted molecular weight of the polymer, and is usually 0.2 to 10 hours. The transesterification is carried out usually in the absence of an inert solvent, but according to demand, in the presence of an inert solvent in a proportion of 1 to 150% by weight based on the polycarbonate to be produced. The inert solvent is exemplified by an aromatic compound such as diphenyl ether, halogenated diphenyl ether, benzophenone, polyphenylene ether, dichlorobenzene and methylnaphthalene; and a cycloalkane such as tricyclo(5,2,10)decane, cyclooctane and cyclodecane. The reaction may be carried out in an atmosphere of an inert gas when necessary, which is exemplified by argon, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, an alkane such as chlorofluorohydrocarbon, ethane and propane, and an alkene such as ethylene and propylene. In addition, an antioxidant may be added, when necessary, to the reaction system of the transesterification, and is preferably exemplified by a phosphorus-based antioxidant, including trialkyl phosphite such as trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phasphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite and tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphite; tricycloalkyl phosphite such as tricyclohexyl phosphite; triaryl phosphite such as triphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, tris(ethylphenyl) phosphite, tris(butylphenyl) phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite and tris(hydroxyphenyl) phosphite; monoalkyl diaryl phosphite such as 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphite; trialkyl phosphate such as trimethyl phsophate, triethyl phsophate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, tridecyl phosphate, trioctadecyl phosphate, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate; tricycloalkyl phosphate such as tricyclohexyl phosphate; and triaryl phosphate such as triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphate and 2-ethylphenyl diphenyl phosphate. As the transesterification proceeds, the phenol and alcohol which correspond to the carbonic acid diester used, the esters thereof and inert solvent are released from the reactor. The released products can be separated, purified and recycled. It is preferable that equipment for releasing such products be installed. The transesterification can be carried out by a batchwise or continous system by the use of arbitrary equipment. In the case of a continuous system being applied to the production, it is preferable that at least two reactors be used and the foregoing reaction conditions be set. The reactor to be used is not specifically limited in its material or construction, but needs only be imparted with usual stirring function. It is preferable, however, that the reactor be imparted with high viscosity-type stirring function to cope with viscosity increase in the latter stage of the reaction. Preferable types of the reactor include not only a vessel type but also an extruder type. It is preferable that after the completion of the transesterification, the reaction product be heat-treated to thermally decompose the catalyst at a temperature not lower than the catalyst decomposition temperature, preferably at around 300°C for the purpose of improving the quality (coloration) of the polycarbonate to be produced. The polycarbonate thus obtained may be granulated as such or molded by the use of an extruder. As described above, solid-phase polymerization can efficiently be carried out with improved fluidity and minimized blocking by using spherical Prepolymer granulated to complete sphericity in solid-phase polymerization, even if a solid-phase polymerization reactor without stirring mixing function is employed. The polycarbonate which is obtained by the method according to the present invention may be incorporated for commercial use with a well-known additive such as a plasticizer, pigment, lubricant, releasing agent, stabilizer or inorganic filler. It is possible to blend the polycarbonate with a polymer such as polyolefin, polystyrene, polyester, polysulfonate, polyamide, polyphenylene ether or the like. In particular, it is effective to use the polycarbonate in combination with a polymer having an OH group, COOH group, NH 2 group or the like at the terminal thereof, such as polyphenylene ether, polyether nitrile, terminal-modified polysiloxane compound, modified polypropylene, modified polystyrene or the like. According to the present invention, by the use of the specific polymerization catalyst in the production of polycarbonate through the transesterification, it is made possible to sufficiently enhance the catalyst activity and the reaction rate, remove the catalyst from the reactants by thermal decomposition thereof in the final stage of the reaction'and efficiently produce a polycarbonate which is excellent in heat resistance, hydrolysis resistance and the like and has favorable color tone and high quality. The polycarbonate obtained in the above-mentioned way is a polycarbonate which is excellent in hydrolysis resistance such that the rate of decrease in molecular weight (ΔM/Mo x 100% wherein Mo is initial molecular weight and ΔM is decrease in molecular weight) is 10% or less, when subjected to steam resistance test, for example, a test in which a polycarbonate sample is exposed to steam at 121°C for 48 hours and then a decrease in viscosity-average molecular weight is determined. In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to working examples, which however shall not be construed to limit the invention thereto. Reference Example A 100 mL (milliliter) autoclave made of nickel steel and equipped with a stirrer was charged with 22.8g (0.1 mol) of bisphenol A (BPA), 23.5g (0.11 mol) of diphenyl carbonate and the catalysts whose kinds and amounts are given in Table 1, and then the atmosphere in the autoclave was replaced with argon five times. The resultant mixture was heated to 180°C and reacted for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of argon. Subsequently the mixture was heated to 210°C and reacted for 30 minutes, while the vacuum was gradually enhanced to 13.332 MPa (100 mm Hg); further heated to 240°C and reacted for 30 minutes, while the vacuum was gradually enhanced to 1.3332 MPa (10 mm Hg); then heated to 270°C and reacted for 30 minutes, while the vacuum was enhanced to 0.266 MPa (2 mm Hg); and subsequently reacted for 30 minutes at a vacuum of 0.039 MPa (0.3 mm Hg) to complete the reaction. Thereafter, a measurement was made of the viscosity-average molecular weight of the viscous transparent condensate (polycarbonate) in the autoclave. The condensate was press formed to form into a plate of 1 mm thickness and 10 mm diameter, which was exposed to steam at 121°C for 48 hours and tested for appearance and decrease in viscosity-average molecular weight to evaluate the hydrolysis resistance of the resultant polymer. The results are given in Table 2. The viscosity-average molecular weight Mv was calculated by the formula [n] = 1.23 x 10 -5 x Mv 0.83 wherein [η] is the intrinsic viscosity in methylene chloride at 20°C. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The procedure in the Reference Example was repeated to prepare polycarbonates and evaluate the same except that the catalysts the kinds and amounts of which are given in Table 1 were used. The results are given in Table 2. Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 The procedure in the Reference Example was repeated to prepare polycarbonates and evaluate the same except that the catalysts the kinds and amounts of which are given in Table 1 were used, and that in the final stage of the reaction under 0.039 MPa (0.3 mm Hg) vacuum, the reaction temperature was set to 290°C instead of 270°C. The results are given in Table 2. Polymerization catalyst Nitrogen-containing organic basic compound Quaternary phoshonium salt, etc. Kind Use amount (mol/mol BPA) Kind Use amount (mol/mol BPA) Comparative Example 1 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 ― ― 2 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 NaOH 1 × 10 -6 3 - - TPTB 1 × 10 -5 Example 1 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 POPTB 1 × 10 -5 2 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 MOPTB 1 × 10 -5 3 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 BPPO 1 × 10 -5 4 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 POPPO 1 × 10 -5 5 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 MOPPO 1 × 10 -5 Comparative Example 4 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 - - 5 TMAH 2.5 × 10 -4 NaOH 1 × 10 -6 6 - - TPTB 1 × 10 -5 (Remarks) TMAH : tetramethylammonium hydroxide (Na<1ppb, Ca<1ppb, K<1ppb) TBAH : tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Na<5ppm, K<10ppm) TBAB : tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Na<50ppm) TPTB : tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (Na<1ppm, Mg<1ppm) MTPTB : methyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (Na<7ppm, Mg<5ppm) TBPH : tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (Na<40ppm, K<5ppm) BPTB : biphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (Na<1ppm, Ca<1ppm . K <1ppm) POPTB : phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (Na <1ppm, Ca <1ppm, K <1ppm) MOPTB : methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (Na <1ppm, Mg <1ppm) BPPO : biphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenoxide (Na<1ppm, Ca<1ppm, K <1p pm) POPPO : phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenoxide (Na <1ppm, Ca<1ppm, K <1ppm) MOPPO : methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenoxide (Na <1ppm, Ca<1ppm. K <1ppm) Polycarbonate Viscosity-average molecular weight [Mv) Steam resistance Appearance Molecular weight decrease [ΔMv] Comparative Example 1 4800 - ― 2 18000 transparent 2800 3 6600 - - Example 8 21000 transparent 400 9 19000 transparent 500 10 20500 transparent 400 11 20500 transparent 500 12 19500 transparent 600 Comparative Example 4 4800 - - 5 20000 transparent 2900 6 6700 transparent - INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the process of the present invention, it is made possible to extremely efficiently produce high quality polycarbonate which is excellent in appearance, heat resistance, hydrolysis resistance and the like. The polycarbonate obtained by the process according to the present invention is excellent in quality as mentioned above, and accordingly, is favorably used in the fields of electric/electronic machinery, automobile, optical part and other industries.

Claims: A process for producing a polycarbonate comprising transesterification in the presence of a polymerization catalyst which comprises using, as a polymerization catalyst, a combination of (a) a nitrogen containing organic basic compound and (b) a quaternary phosphonium salt, wherein said quaternary phosphonium salt is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by formula (III) wherein R 6 is an organic group, and a plurality of R 6 -Ph (Ph: phenyl group), when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; X 3 is a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, BR 7 4 in which R 7 is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group and four R 7 may be the same as or different from each other, HCO 3 or CO 3 ; b is 2 in the rase of X 3 being CO 3 and is 1 in the other cases; and n is an integer of 0 to 4, and a compound represented by the general formula (IV) wherein R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl group or aryl group, and may be the same as or different from each other, at least two of them may combine with each other to form a ring, but two or three of them are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom, a plurality of R 8 R 9 R 10 C-, when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; R 11 is an alkyl group or aryl group and a plurality of R 11 , when being present, may be the same as or different from each other; X 4 is a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, BR 12 4 in which R 12 is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group and four R 12 may be the same as or different from each other, HCO 3 or CO 3 ; c is 2 in the case of X 4 being CO 3 and is 1 in the other cases; and m is an integer of 1 to 4. The process for producing a polycarbonate according to Claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-containing organic basic compound is a quaternary ammonium salt. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the nitrogen containing organic basic compound is a quaternary ammonium salt or dimethylaminopyridine, said salt being represented by the general formula (I) (NR 1 4 ) + z (X 1 ) z- wherein R 1 is an organic group, four R 1 may be the same as or different from each other, and two R 1 may combine with each other to form a ring; X 1 is a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, HCO 3 , CO 3 or BR 2 4 in which R2 is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group and four R 2 may be the same as or different from each other; and z is 2 in the rase of X 1 being CO 3 and is, 1 in the other cases. The process for producing a polycarbonate according to Claim 1 wherein the component (a) is tetramethylammonium hydroxide and the component (b) is tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, tetraphenylphosphonium phenolate, or tetraphenylphosphonium hydroxide. The process for producing a polycarbonate according to Claim 1 wherein the component (a) is tetramethylammonium hydroxide and the component (b) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of biphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, biphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenoxide, phenoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenoxide and methoxyphenyltriphenylphosphonium phenoxide. The process according to Claim 1 wherein the starting raw materials for the transesterification are (A) a dihydroxy compound and (H) a carbonic acid diester. The process for producing a polycarbonate according to Claim 1 characterized in that the produced polycarbonate has a rate of decrease in molecular weight of at most 10% in a steam resistance test. The process according to claim 1, wherein said (b) quaternary phosphonium salt is a compound represented by the general formula (III).

Inventors: KUNISHI NORIYUKI, KUZE SHIGEKI, SEINO YOSHIKATSU, SHISHIKURA AKIHIRO, SUGA KOUICHI, TANAKA KENJI, KUNISHI, NORIYUKI, KUZE, SHIGEKI, SEINO, YOSHIKATSU, SHISHIKURA, AKIHIRO, SUGA, KOUICHI, TANAKA, KENJI
Applicants: IDEMITSU KOSAN CO, IDEMITSU KOSAN COMPANY LIMITED
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C08G64
IPC codes: C08G64