NEW THROMBIN INHIBITORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE

Abstract: There is provided amino acid derivatives of formula (I), wherein p, q, R<1>, R<2>, R<3>, R<4>, Y, n and B have meanings given in the description which are useful as competitive inhibitors of trypsin-like proteases, such as thrombin, and in particular in the treatment of conditions where inhibition of thrombin is required (e.g. thrombosis) or as anticoagulants.

Description: New thrombin inhibitors, their preparation and use Field of the Invention This invention relates to novel pharmaceutically useful compounds, in particular competitive inhibitors of trypsin-li e serine proteases, especially thrombin, their use as medicaments, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and synthetic routes to their production. Background Blood coagulation is the key process involved in both haemostasis (i.e. the prevention of blood loss from a damaged vessel) and thrombosis (i.e. the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel or in the heart, sometimes leading to vessel obstruction). Coagulation is the result of a complex series of enzymatic reactions. One of the ultimate steps in this series of reactions is the conversion of the proenzyme prothrombin to the active enzyme thrombin. Thrombin is known to play a central role in coagulation. It activates platelets, leading to platelet aggregation, converts fibrinogen into fibrin monomers, which polymerise spontaneously into fibrin polymers, and activates factor XIII, which in turn crosslinks the polymers to form insoluble fibrin. Furthermore, thrombin activates factor V and factor VIII leading to a "positive feedback" generation of thrombin from prothrombin. By inhibiting the aggregation of platelets and the formation and crosslinking of fibril * , effective inhibitors of thrombin would therefore be expected to exhibit anti thrombotic activity. In addition, antithrombotic activity would be expected to be enhanced by effective inhibition of the positive feedback mechanism. Prior Art The development of low molecular weight inhibitors of thrombin has been described by Claesson in Blood Coagul. Fibrinol. (1994) 5, 411. BlombSck et al. (J. Clin. Lab. Invest.24, suppl. 107, 59, (1969)) reported thrombin inhibitors based on the amino acid sequence situated around the cleavage site for the fibrinogen Aα chain. Of the amino acid sequences discussed, these authors suggested the sequence Phe-Val- Arg (P9-P2-P1, hereinafter referred to as the P3-P2-P1 sequence) would be the most effective inhibitor (for a classification of substrate specificity see Schechten and Bergen, Biophys. Res. Commun. (1967) 27, 157 and (1968) 32, 898). Thrombin inhibitors based on dipeptidyl derivatives with an α,ω-aminoalkyl guanidine in the PI -position are known from US Patent N° 4,346,078 and International Patent Application WO 93/11152. Similar, structurally related, dipeptidyl derivatives have also been reported. For example International Patent Application WO 94/29336 discloses compounds with, for example, aminomethyl benzamidines, cyclic aminoalkyl amidines and cyclic aminoalkyl guanidines in the PI -position; European Patent Application 0648 780, discloses compounds with, for example, cyclic aminoalkyl guanidines in the PI -position. Thrombin inhibitors based on peptidyl derivatives, also having cyclic aminoalkyl guanidines (e.g. either 3- or 4- ammomethyl-1-amidinopiperidine) in the PI -position, are known from European Patent Applications 0468 231, 0559046 and 0641 779. Thrombin inhibitors based on tripeptidy 1 derivatives with arginine aldehyde in the P 1 - position were first disclosed in European Patent Application 0 185390. More recently, arginine aldehyde-based peptidyl derivatives, modified in the P3-position, have been reported. For example, International Patent A i lication WO 93/18060 discloses hydroxy acids, European Patent Application 0 526 877 des-amino acids, and European Patent Application 0 542 525 O-methyl mandelic acids in the P3-position. Inhibitors of serine proteases (e.g. thrombin) based on electrophilic ketones in the PI -position are also known. For example, European Patent Application 0 195 212 discloses peptidyl α- keto esters and amides, European Patent Application 0362002 fluoroalkylamide ketones, European Patent Application 0364344 α,β,δ-triketocompounds, and European Patent Application 0530 167 α-alkoxy ketone derivatives of arginine in the Pl-position. Other, structurally different, inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases based on C-terminal boronic acid derivatives of arginine and isothiouronium analogues thereof are known from European Patent Application 0293 881. More recently, thrombin inhibitors based on tripeptidyl derivatives have been disclosed in European Patent Applications 0669317, 0686642 and 0648 780 and International Patent Applications WO 95/35309, WO 95/23609 and WO 94/29336. However, there remains a need for effective inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases, such as thrombin. There is a particular need for compounds which are both orally bioavailable and selective in inhibiting thrombin over other serine proteases. Compounds which exhibit competitive inhibitory activity towards thrombin would be expected to be especially useful as anticoagulants and therefore useful in the therapeutic treatment of thrombosis and related disorders. Disclosure of the Invention According to the invention there is provided a compound of formula I, wherein p and q independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R 1 represents H, 2,3-epoxypropyl, C^ alkyl (which latter group is optionally substituted or terminated by one or more hydroxy group), a structural fragment of formula la wherein A 1 represents a single bond or C alkylene and R represents H or C alkyl, provided that there are no more than six carbon atoms in the chain R x -C-C-A 1 , or, when p represents 0, together with R 2 represents a structural fragment of formula lb, wherein R y represents H or C,_ 3 alkyl; R 2 represents H, Si(Me) 3 , naphthyl, indolyl, CHR^R 22 or C M alkyl (which latter group is optionally substituted or terminated by one or more fluorine or hydroxy group) or C 3 _g cycloalkyl or phenyl (which latter two groups are optionally substituted by one or more of C alkyl, C alkoxy, halo, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, methylenedioxy, trifluoromethyl, N^R 23 , C(O)OR 24 ), or, when p represents 0, together with R 1 represents a structural fragment of formula lb; R 3 represents H, Si(Me) 3 , naphthyl, indolyl, CHR M R 26 or C^ alkyl (which latter group is optionally substituted or teπninated by one or more fluorine or hydroxy group) or C 3 cycloalkyl or phenyl (which latter two groups are optionally substituted by one or more of C M alkyl, C alkoxy, halo, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, methylenedioxy, trifluoromethyl, R 21 , R 22 , R 25 and R 26 independently represent cyclohexyl or phenyl; R 23 and R 27 independently represent H, C M alkyl or C(O)R 29 ; R 24 , R 28 and R 29 independently represent H or C alkyl; R 4 represents H or C alkyl; Y represents C__ 3 alkylene optionally substituted by C M alkyl, hydroxy, methylene or oxo; n represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa, IVb or IVc IVa IVb IVc wherein R 5 represents H, halo or C M alkyl; and X 1 and X 2 independently represent a single bond or CH 2 ; provided that when R 1 , R and R 4 all represent H, p represents 0, Y represents (CH^, n represents 1 and: (a) R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl and:- (i) B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa and R 5 represents H, then σ does not represent 0 or 1 ; and (ii) B represents a structural fragment of formula IVb and X 1 and X 2 both represent CH 2 , then q does not represent 0; and (b) R 3 represents unsubstituted cyclohexyl, B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa and R 5 represents H, then q does not represent 0; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (hereinafter referred to as "the compounds of the invention"). The compounds of the invention may exhibit tautomerism. All tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention. The compounds of the invention may also contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may therefore exhibit optical and/or diastereoisomerism. All diastereoisomers may be separated using conventional techniques, e.g. chromatography or fractional crystallisation. The various stereoisomers may be isolated by separation of a racemic or other mixture of the compounds using conventional, e.g. fractional crystallisation or HPLC, techniques. Alternatively the desired optical isomers may be made by reaction of the appropriate optically active starting materials under conditions which will not cause racemisation or epimerisation, or by derivatisation, for example with a homochiral acid followed by separation of the diastereomeric esters by conventional means (e.g. HPLC, chromatography over silica). All stereoisomers are included within the scope of the invention. Alkyl groups which R 1 , R x , R y , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 23 , R 24 , R 27 , R 28 and R 29 may represent and which R 2 , R 3 and Y may be substituted by; cycloalkyl groups which R 2 and R 3 may represent; and alkoxy groups which R 2 and R 3 may be substituted by may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. Alkylene groups which A 1 and Y may represent may be saturated or unsaturated. Hal groups which R 5 may represent and which R 2 and R 3 may be substituted by include fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. The wavy lines on the carbon atom in the fragments of formulae la, lb, IVa, IVb and IVc signify the bond position of the fragment. Abbreviations are listed at the end of this specification, When B represents a structural fragment of formula lYa, IVc or IVb in which latter fragment X and X both represent CH 2 , preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein n represents 1. When B represents a structural fragment of formula IVb in which X 1 represents a single bond and X represents either a single bond or CH 2 , preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein n represents 2. When B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa, preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein R represents H. Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein: R 1 represents H, methyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl or (2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxalan-4-yl)methyl; p represents 0; R represents H, optionally substituted C alkyl, or optionally substituted phenyl; q represents 0, 1 or 2; R 3 represents C w alkyl, naphthyl, indolyl, optionally substituted cyclohexyl or optionally substituted phenyl; Y represents CH 2 , (CH^, (CH 2 ) 3 , CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 , CH 2 C(=O)CH 2 or CH 2 C(=CH 2 )CH 2 ; R 4 represents H. When R 2 represents C alkyl, preferred optional substituents include hydroxy. Preferred points of attachment for the hydroxy group include the carbon atom which is α to the carbon atom to which OR 1 is attached. More preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein: R 1 represents H; R 2 represents H, methyl, hydroxymethyl or ethyl; q represents 0; RR 33 rreeppreresseennttss ooptionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted cyclohexyl; Y represents CH 2 , (CH^ or CH 2 C(=CH 2 )CH 2 ; When R 1 and R 2 both represent H, R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl or unsubstituted cyclohexyl and q represents 0 or 1, preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein Y represents CH 2 or CH C(=CH 2 )CH 2 . When R l represents H, R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl or unsubstituted cyclohexyl and q represents 0 or 1, preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein R 2 represents methyl, hydroxymethyl or ethyl When R 3 represents cyclohexyl or phenyl, preferred optional substituents include hydroxy, fluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy, amino, nitro, trifluoromethyl, methylenedioxy, ethoxy and propoxy. Particular substituents include hydroxy, mono- or difluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy and methylenedioxy. Particularly preferred compounds of the invention include those wherein Y represents CH 2 ; B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa. Compounds of the invention in which the α-amino acid carbon in the fragment is in the S-configuration are preferred. The wavy lines on the nitrogen and carbon atom in the above fragment signify the bond position of the fragment When R and R both represent H and p represents 0, preferred compounds of the invention are those in which the α-carbon in the fragment is in the R-configuration. The wavy line on the carbon atom in the above fragment signifies the bond position of the fragment Preferred compounds of the invention include: Ch-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(0)-Aze-Pab; Ch-(R)CH(OH)-C(O Aze-Pab; Ph-{R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-Me)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(0)-A__ Pab; Ph(3-OMe)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O Aze-Pab; Ph(3,5-diOMeHR,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMe,4-OHHR,S)CH(OH>C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(EtXOH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(Et)(OH)-C(O Pro-Pab; (Ph) 2 C(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMe,4-OHHR,S)CH(OH C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R)CH(OH>-C(O Aze-Pac; Ph-(R)CH(OH>C(O)- (R,S)Pic(cw-4-Me)-Pab; Ph(3,4-(-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMe)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3,5-diOMeHR,S)CH(OH C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(MeXOH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3,5-diMe)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-NH 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-NH 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH C(O Pro-Pab; Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3,4-(-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3,5-diFHR . S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O Pro-Pab; Ph(3,4-diFHR,S)CH(OH)-C(0 Pro-Pab; Ph-<R)CH(OH C(OHR,S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab; Ph(3-ClHR,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-α-,S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O Pro-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(CH 2 OH)(OH)-C(0)-A__e-Pab; and Ph-(R,S)C(CH 2 OH)(OH)-C(0)-Pro-Pab. Preparation According to the invention there is also provided a process for the preparation of compounds of formula I which comprises: (a) the coupling of a compound of formula V, wherein p, q, R l , R 2 and R 3 are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula VI, wherein R 4 , Y, n and B are as hereinbefore defined; or (b) the coupling of a compound of formula VII, wherein p, q, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and Y are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula vm, HjlSHCH- B vm wherein n and B are as hereinbefore defined; for example in the presence of a coupling system (e.g. oxalyl chloride in DMF, EDC, DCC or TBTU), an appropriate base (e.g. pyridine, DMAP or DIPEA) and a suitable organic solvent (e.g. dichloromethane, acetonitrile or DMF). Compounds of formula V are either commercially available, are well known in the literature, or are available using known techniques. For example, compounds of formula V wherein R 1 and R 2 both represent H, p and q both represent 0 and R represents naphthyl or phenyl optionally substituted by one or more of C alkyl, C alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, methylenedioxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, N(H)R 27 or CiO OR 2 * may be prepared by reaction of an aldehyde of formula DC, R 3a CHO DC wherein R 3a represents naphthyl or phenyl optionally substituted by one or more of C alkyl, C alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, methylenedioxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, N(H)R 27 or C(O)OR 28 and R 27 and R 28 are as hereinbefore defined, with: (i) a compound of formula X, R"CN X wherein R" represents H or (CH 3 ) 3 Si, for example at elevated temperature (e.g. above room temperature but below 100°C) in the presence of a suitable organic solvent (e.g. chloroform) and, if necessary, in the presence of a suitable catalyst system (e.g. benzylammonium chloride), followed by hydrolysis in the presence of an appropriate base (e.g. NaOH); (ii) chloroform, for example at elevated temperature (e.g. above room temperature but below 100°C) in the presence of a suitable organic solvent (e.g. chloroform) and, if necessary, in the presence of a suitable catalyst syste (e.g. benzylammonium chloride), followed by hydrolysis in the presence of an appropriate base (e.g. NaOH); (iii) a compound of formula XI, wherein M represents Mg or Li, followed by oxidative cleavage (e.g. ozonolysis or osmium or ruthenium catalysed) under conditions which are well known to those skilled in the art; or (iv) tris(methylthio)methane under conditions which are well known to those skilled in the art, followed by hydrolysis in the presence of an appropriate base. Compounds of formula V wherein R 1 represents H, R represents CH 2 OH, p and q both represent 0 and R represents naphthyl or phenyl optionally substituted by one or more of C__ 4 alkyl, C alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, methylenedioxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, _?7 28 N(H)R or C(O)OR may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XII, R 3a C(O)C 2 H 5 XQ wherein R 3a is as hereinbefore defined with sodium hypochlorite for example at room temperature in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. water). Compounds of formula VI and VII are either commercially available, are well known in the literature, or are available using known techniques. For example compounds of formula VI may be made by standard peptide coupling of a compound of formula XIII, wherein R 4 and Y are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula VIII as hereinbefore defined for example under conditions such as those described hereinbefore for synthesis of compounds of formula I. Similarly compound of formula VII may also be made by standard peptide coupling of a compound of formula Xm as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula V as hereinbefore defined for example under conditions such as those described hereinbefore for synthesis of compounds of formula I. Compounds of formula VIII, IX, X, XI, XII and XIII are either commercially available, are well known in the literature, or are available using known techniques. Substituents on the phenyl group in compounds of formula V, VII, IX and XII may be interconverted by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. The compounds of the invention may be isolated from their reaction mixtures using conventional techniques. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the process described above the functional groups of intermediate compounds may need to be protected by protecting groups. Functional groups which it is desirable to protect include hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino and carboxylic acid. Suitable protecting groups for hydroxy include trialkylsilyl and diarylalkylsilyl groups (e.g. /_rfbutyldimethylsilyl, /er/butyldiphenylsilyl or trimethylsilyl) and tetrahydropyranyl. Suitable protecting groups for hydroxy groups, which groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms include O,O'-isopropylidene. Suitable protecting groups for amino, amidino and guanidino include fer/butyloxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl. Amidino and guanidino nitrogens may be either mono- or diprotected. Suitable protecting groups for carboxylic acid include C w alkyl or benzyl esters. The protection and deprotection of functional groups may take place before or after coupling. In particular, the compounds of the invention may be prepared by processes comprising the coupling of an N-acylated amino acid or an N-protected amino acid. When an N-protected amino acid is used the acyl group may be added after coupling and deprotection of the nitrogen atom may then be effected using standard methods thereafter. Protecting groups may be removed in accordance with techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art and as described hereinafter. Certain protected intermediates of formula I, in which the amidino and guanidino nitrogens in B are protected, and which may be made prior to a final deprotection stage to form compounds of the invention, are novel. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula XTV, wherein B 1 represents a structural fragment of formula IVd, IVe or IVf D 1 and D 2 independently represent H or benzyloxycarbonyl and p, q, R 1 , R 2 R 3 , R 4 , Y, n, R 5 , X 1 and X 2 are as hereinbefore defined, provided that D 1 and D 2 do not both represent H. The wavy lines on the carbon atom in the fragments of formulae IVd, IVe or IVf signify the bond position of the fragment The use of protecting groups is fully described in "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", edited by J W F McOmie, Plenum Press (1973), and "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 2nd edition, T W Greene & P G M Wutz, Wiley-Interscience (1991). It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although such protected derivatives of compounds of formula I may not possess pharmacological activity as such, they may be administered parenterally or orally and thereafter metabolised in the body to form compounds of the invention which are pharmacologically active. Such derivatives may therefore be described as "prodrugs". All prodrugs of compounds of formula I are included within the scope of the invention. Protected derivatives of compounds of formula I which are particularly useful as prodrugs include compounds of formula XIV. Medical and pharmaceutical use The compounds of the invention are useful because they possess pharmacological activity. They are therefore indicated as pharmaceuticals. According to a further aspect of the invention there is thus provided the compounds of the invention for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular, the compounds of the invention are potent inhibitors of thrombin, for example as demonstrated in the tests described below. The compounds of the invention are thus expected to be useful in those conditions where inhibition of thrombin is required. The compounds of the invention are thus indicated in the treatment or prophylaxis of thrombosis and hypercoagulabi ty in blood and tissues of animals including man. The compounds of the invention are further indicated in the treatment of conditions where there is an undesirable excess of thrombin without signs of hypercoagulability, for example in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Particular disease states which may be mentioned include the treatment of and/or prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombosis (e.g. in myocardial infarction unstable angina, thrombosis-based stroke and peripheral arterial thrombosis) and systemic embolism usually from the atrium during arterial fibrillation or from the left ventricle after transmural myocardial infarction. Moreover, the compounds of the invention are expected to have utility in prophylaxis of re- occlusion (i.e. thrombosis) after thrombolysis, percutaneous trans-luminal angioplasty (PTCA), coronary bypass operations, microsurgery and vascular surgery in general. Further indications include the treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by bacteria, multiple trauma, intoxication or any other mechanism; anticoagulant treatment when blood is in contact with foreign surfaces in the body such as vascular grafts, vascular stents, vascular catheters, mechanical and biological prosthetic valves or any other medical device; and anticoagulant treatment when blood is in contact with medical devices outside the body such as during cardiovascular surgery using a heart-lung machine or in haemodialysis. In addition to its effects on the coagulation process, thrombin is known to activate a large number of cells (such as neutrophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). Therefore, the compounds of the present invention may also be useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of idiopathic and adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with radiation or chemotherapy, septic shock, septicemia, inflammatory responses, which include, but are not limited to, edema, : ute or chronic atherosclerosis such as coronary arterial disease, cerebral arterial disease, peripheral arterial disease, reperfusion damage, and restenosis after percutaneous trans-luniinal angioplasty (PTCA). Compounds of the present invention that inhibit trypsin and/or thrombin may also be useful in the treatment of pancreatitis. According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treatment of a condition where inhibition of thrombin is required which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a person suffering from, or susceptible to, such a condition. Pharmaceutical preparations The compounds of the invention will normally be a____inistered orally, subcutaneously buccally, rectally, dermally, nasally, tracheally, bronchially, by any other parenteral route or via inhalation, in the form of pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active ingredient either as a free base, or a pharmaceutical acceptable non-toxic organic or inorganic acid addition salt in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form. Depending upon the disorder and patient to be treated and the route of administration, the compositions may be administered at varying doses. The compounds of the invention may also be combined with any antithrombotic agent with a different mechanism of action, such as the antiplatelet agents acetylsalicylic acid, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, thromboxane receptor and/or synthetase inhibitors, fibrinogen receptor antagonists, prostacyclin mimetics and phosphodiesterase inhibitors . The compounds of the invention may further be combined with thrombolytics such as tissue plasminogen activator (natural or recombinant), streptokinase, urokinase, prourokinase, anisolated streptokinase plasminogen activator complex (ASPAC), animal sahvary gland plasminogen activators, and the like, in the treatment of thrombotic diseases, in particular myocardial infarction. According to a further aspect of the invention there is thus provided a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of formula I as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant diluent or carrier. Suitable daily doses of the compounds of the invention in therapeutical treatment of humans are about 0.001-100 mg/kg body weight at peroral administration and 0.001-50 mg/kg body weight at parenteral administration. The compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be more efficacious, be less toxic, be longer acting, have a broader range of activity, be more potent, produce fewer side effects, be more easily absorbed than, or that they may have other useful pharmacological properties over, compounds known in the prior art. Biological Tests Test A Determination of Thrombin clotting Time (TT. Human thrombin (T 6769, Sigma Chem Co) in buffer solution, pH 7.4, 100 μl, and inhibitor solution, 100 μl, were incubated for one min. Pooled normal citrated human plasma, 100 μl, was then added and the clotting time measured in an automatic device (KC 10, Amelung). The clotting time in seconds was plotted against the inhibitor concentration, and the IC 50 TT was determined by interpolation. IC 5 -TT is the concentration of inhibitor that doubles the thrombin clotting time for human plasma. Determination of Activated Partial Thromhoplastin Time . APT ) APTT was determined in pooled normal human citrated plasma with the reagent PTT Automated 5 manufactured by Stago. The inhibitors were added to the plasma (lOμl inhibitor solution to 90μl plasma) followed by the reagent and calcium chloride solution and APTT was determined in the mixture by use of the coagulation analyser KC10 (Amelung) according to the instructions of the reagent producer. The clotting time in seconds was plotted against the inhibitor concentration in plasma and the IC 50 APTT was determined by interpolation. IC 50 APTT is defined as the concentration of inhibitor in human plasma that doubled the Activated Partial Thromhoplastin Time. Test C Determination of thrombin time ex vivo The inhibition of thrombin after oral or parenteral administration of the compounds of the invention were examined in conscious rats which, one or two days prior to the experiment were equipped with a catheter for blood sampling from the carotid artery. On the experimental day blood samples were withdrawn at fixed times after the administration of the compound into plastic tubes containing 1 part sodium citrate solution (0.13 mol per L) and 9 parts of blood. The tubes were centrifuged to obtain platelet poor plasma. The plasma was used for determination of thrombin time as described below. The citrated rat plasma, 100 μL, was diluted with a saline solution, 0.9%, 100 μL, and plasma coagulation was started by the addition of human thrombin (T 6769, Sigma Chem Co, USA) in a buffer solution, pH 7.4, 100 μL. The clotting time was measured in an automatic device (KC 10, Amelumg, Germany). Where a compound of formula XTV was administered, concentrations of the appropriate active thrombin inhibitor of formula I in the rat plasma were estimated by the use of standard curves relating the thrombin time in the pooled citrated rat plasma to known concentrations of the corresponding "active" thrombin inhibitor dissolved in saline. lesUQ Determination of thrombin time in urine ex vivo Conscious rats were placed in metabolism cages for 24 hours following oral administration of compounds of the invention. The thrombin time was determined on the collected urine as described below. Pooled normal citrated human plasma ( 1 OOμL) was incubated with the concentrated rat urine, or saline dilutions thereof, for one minute. Plasma coagulation was then initiated by the administration of human thrombin (T 6769, Sigma Chem Company) in buffer solution (pH 7.4; lOOμL). The clotting time was measured in an automatic device (KC 10; Amelung). Where a compound of formula XTV was administered, concentrations of the appropriate active thrombin inhibitor of formula I in the rat urine were estimated by the use of standard curves relating the thrombin time in the pooled normal citrated human plasma to known concentrations of the corresponding "active" thrombin inhibitor dissolved in concentrated rat urine (or saline dilutions thereof). By multiplying the total rat urine production over the 24 hour period with the estimated mean concentration of the aforementioned active inhibitor in the urine, the amount of the active inhibitor excreted could be calculated. The invention is illustrated by way of the following examples. Examples General Experimental Procedures. Mass spectra were recorded on a Finnigan MAT TSQ 700 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface (FAB-MS) and VG Platform II mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface (LC-MS) . 1H NMR and l3 C NMR measurements were performed on BRUKER ACP 300 and Varian UNITY plus 400 and 500 spectrometers, operating at l H frequencies of 300.13, 399.96 and 499.82 MHz respectively, and at l3 C frequencies of 75.46, 100.58 and 125.69 Mhz respectively. Example 1 (i) B____Δz___ H Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (13.75 g; 63 mmol) was added with stirring at room temperature to a mixture of 5.777 g (57 mmol) of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (H-Aze-OH) and 6.04 g (57 mmol) of sodium carbonate in 50 mL of water and 100 mL of THF..After 60 h the THF was removed in vacuo and the mixture was diluted with water and acidified with 2 M potassium hydrogen sulphate. Extraction with methylene chloride followed by drying (magnesium sulphate) and evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was crystallized from methylene chloride :hexane to give 10.87 g (95%) of colourless crystals. 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 4.85-4.7 (br s, 1), 4.0-3.75 (m, 2), 2.65-2.35 (m, 2), 1.4 (s, 9). (ii) Boc-Aze-Pab(Z) At room temperature, EDC (13.5 g; 70 mmol) was added to a mixture of Boc-Aze-OH (10.87 g; 54 mmol; from step (i) above), H-Pab(Z) x HCl (18.31 g; 57 mmol; prepared according to the method described in International Patent Application WO 94/29336) and DMAP (9.9 g; 81 mmol) in acetonitrile (270 mL). After 16 h the solvent was removed in vacuo and replaced by ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed with water and an aqueous solution of citric acid. The organic layer was dried (magnesium sulphate) and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give a residue which gave Boc-Aze-Pab(Z) (17.83 g) upon crystallization from a mixture of methylene chloride, toluene, diisopropyl ether and petroleum ether. 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.85-7.75 (d, 1), 7.45-7.2 (m, 7), 5.2 (s, 2), 4.7 (t 1), 4.6-4.4 (m, 2), 3.95-3.8 ("q". 1), 3.8-3.7 (q, 1), 2.5-2.3 (m, 2), 1.4 (s, 9). (iitt H-Aze-Pab^ Boc-Aze-Pab(Z) (2.44 g; 5.2 mmol; from step (ii) above) was dissolved in a mixture of 10 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and 10 mL of methylene chloride. After 30 minutes the solvent and trifluoroacetic acid were removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride. The organic phase was washed with 10% sodium carbonate solution and dried (potassium carbonate). Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave a residue which gave H-Aze- Pab(Z) (1.095 g; 57%) as colourless crystals upon crystallization from methylene chloride. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 7.85-7.75 (d, 2), 7.45-7.25(m, 7), 5.2 (s, 2), 4.5 (s, 2), 4.3 (d, 1), 3.65 (q, 1), 3.4-3.3 (m, 1), 2.7-2.5 (m, 1), 2.4-2.2 (m, 1). (iv) Ch-(R.S)CH(QH (Q)-Az.-Pab(Z) Prepared in accordance with the method described by Kelly and LaCour (Synth. Comm.22, 859 ( 1992)) in the following way. To a solution of (R,S)-hexahydromande_ic acid (0.30 g, 1.9 mmol), a catalytic amount of DMAP, and pyridine (0.31 g, 3.9 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 mL) was added TMSC1 (0.42 g; 3.9 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction was cooled to 0°C and a catalytic amount of DMF (3 drops from a 2 mL syringe) was added followed by oxalyl chloride (0.25 g; 2.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 1 h at 0°C, a mixture of H-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.67 g; 1.8 mmol; from step (iii) above) and pyridine (0.50 g; 6.3 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred over night A 10% solution of citric acid in methanol (6 mL) was added to the reaction. After 30 minutes, the reaction was poured into a separating funnel and diluted with 30 mL of ethyl acetate and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated bicarbonate solution followed by brine and dried (Na 2 SO ). After evaporation and flash chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride:methanol (99:1 to 92:8) as eluent the sub-title compound (60 mg; 6%) was obtained. 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ) δ 1.0-1.9 (m, 11 H), 2.4-2.7 (m, 2 H), 3.80 (d, 1 H), 4.05-4.25 (m, 1 H), 4.3-4.5 (m, 2 H), 4.85-5.0 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (s, 2 H), 7.1-7.5 (m, 7 H), 7.65-7.8 (m, 2 H), 7.86 (bt 1 H, minor diastereomer and/or rotamer), 8.33 (bt 1 H, major diastereomer and/or rotamer) l3 C-NMR (75 MHz, CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 174.8, 170.6, 168.0 and 164.5. (w. Ch- S^CHfOHVCfOVAze-Pab x HCl Ch-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (60 mg; 0.12 mmo'; from step (iv) above) was dissolved in ethanol (5 mL), and 5% Pd/C and HCl (0.1 mL; cone.) were added. The mixture was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 2 hours. After filtration and evaporation the product was purified through preparative RPLC using (0.005 M NR,OAc, 0.005 M HOAc):CH 3 CN 4:1 as eluent After freeze drying, HCl (aq) was added and the solution was freeze dried. The yield of the title product was 15 mg (31 %). 1H-NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O) the spectrum was complicated due to diastereomers and/or rotamers): δ 0.7-2.0 (m, 11 H), 2.25-2.4 (m, 1 H), 2.65-2.9 (m, 1 H), 3.79 (d, 1 H, minor), 4.03 (d, 1 H, major), 4.05-4.15 (m, 2 H, minor), 4.35-4.45 (m (bt), 2 H, major), 4.5-4.6 (m, 2 H), 5.20 (m, 1 H, minor, the major signal overlapping with the HOD signal), 7.5-7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.75-7.85 (m, 2 H). ,3 C-NMR (75 MHz; CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers and/or rotamers): δ 176.3, 175.4, 173.7, 173.3, 167.2 and 167.0. Example (i) CMR)CH(QH)-Cf Q)-Aze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(iv) (R)-hexahydromandelic acid (from 0.60 g; 3.8 mmol) yielding 0.15 g (10%). The title compotmd was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from Ch-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.12 g; 0.24 mmol; from step (i) above). Yield: 52 mg (54%). Η-NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O; the spectrum was complicated due to rotamers): δ 0.7-2.0 (m, 11 H), 2.25-2.4 (m, 1 H), 2.6-2.9 (m, 1 H), 3.79 (d, 1 H, minor), 4.02 (d, 1 H, major), 4.05-4.15 (m, 2 H, minor), 4.35-4.45 (m (bt), 2 H, major), 4.5-4.6 (m, 2 H), 5.19 (m, 1 H, minor, the major signal overlapping with the HOD signal), 7.5-7.65 (m, 2 H), 7.75-7.85 (m, 2 H). ,3 C-NMR (75 MHz, CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons (rotamers): 171.9, 170.2, 169.8 and 163.8. Example 3 ED 2 C(OH C(Q)-Azc-Pab x HCl (P H-Aze-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl The subtitle compound was prepared by reaction of Boc-Aze-Pab(Z) (see Example l(ii) above) with EtOAc staurated with gaseous HCl. The reaction mixture was evaporated after half an hour to give H-Aze-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl in a quantitative yield. f in fF-tV.CfOHVCf OVAze-PabfZ^ A mixture of diethylglycolic acid (0.13 g; 0.80 mmol), H-Aze-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.39 g; 0.88 mmol; from step (i) above), TBTU (0.28 g; 0.88 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was cooled on an ice bath. DIPEA (0.41 g; 3.2 mmol), was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight The resultant mixture was poured into 500 mL of water and extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with aqueous NaHCO 3 and water, dried (Na 2 SO ) and evaporated. The crude product was flash chromatographed on silica gel using methylene chloride:THF as eluent Yield: 30 mg (8%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.04 (bt IH), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.35-7.2 (m, 5 H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.90 (m, 1 H), 4.46 (dd, 1 H), 4.39 (dd, 1 H), 4.3-4.2 (m, 2 H), 2.66 (m, 1 H), 2.44 (m, 1 H), 1.8-1.5 (m, 4 H), 0.9-0.75 (m, 6 H). s (iii) ED 2 C( H)- ( )-A7g-Pah x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from (Et) 2 C(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (30 mg; 0.063 mmol; from step (ii) above). Yield: 19 mg (79%). o 1H-NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O; the spectrum was complicated due to rotamers): δ 7.80 (d, 2 H), 7.65-7.5 (m, 2 H), 5.43 (m, 1 H, minor rotamer) 4.90 (m, 1 H, major rotamer, 4.6-4.5 (m, 3 H), 4.11 (m, 1 H, rotamer), 3.70 (m, IH, rotamer), 2.8-2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.35-2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.9-1.6 (m, 4 H), 1.0-0.75 (m, 6 H). 13 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O) amidine and carbonyl carbons (rotamers): δ 178.3, 177.4, 175.0, s 173.5, 167.2. Example 4 _-Q) 2 C(OH)-C( )-Az6-Pab x HCl The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) from benzUic acid (0.18 g; 0.80 mmol). Yield: 0.16 g (35%). 1H-NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.93 (bt 1 H), 7.71 (d, 2 H), 7.54-7.15 (m, 17 H), 5.14 (s, 2 H), 5 4.89 (m, 1 H), 4.57 (m, 1 H), 4.48 (dd, 1 H), 4.35 (dd, 1 H), 3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 2.44 (m, 1 H), 2.23 (m, 1 H). (ii) (Eh) 2 C(QH)- Q)-Aze-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from (Ph)_C(OH)-C(O)-A2e-Pab(Z) (0.16 g; 0.28 mmol; from step (i) above). Yield: 90 mg (68%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O) the spectrum was complicated due to rotamers: δ 7.65-7.55 (m, 2 H), 7.4-7.1 (m, 12 H), 5.13 (m, 1 H, minor rotamer), 4.77 (m, 1 H, major rotamer), 4.43 (d, 1 H), 4.40 (d, 1 H), 4.12 (m, 1 H, major rotamer), 4.05-3.9 (m, 1 H, plus 1 H minor rotamer), 2.55 (m, 1 H, minor rotamer), 2.39 (m, 1 H, major rotamer), 2.08 (m, 1 H). 13 C-NMR (75 MHz, D 2 O) amidine and carbonyl carbons (rotamers): δ 175.7, 174.9, 174.6, 173.4, 167.1 Example 5 (i) IkC 6 H il -(R.S)CH(QH>C(Q Aze- b(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-2-hydroxyoctanoic acid (0.13 g; 0.80 mmol yielding 0.25 g (61%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.24 (bt IH, one diastereomer), 7.89 (bt IH, one diastereomer), 7.8-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.4-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.25 (m, 5 H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.95-4.85 (m, 1 H), 4.55-4.35 (m, 2 H), 4.2-4.0 (m, 3 H), 2.8-2.65 (m, 1 H), 2.6-2.4 (m, 1 H), 2.0-1.2 (m,10 H), 0.9-0.8 (m, 3 H). (ϋ) n__Q i H I3 -(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Azc-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from n- C 6 H, 3 -(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O Aze-Pab(Z) (0.14 g; 0.28 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 88 mg (78%). Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.7-7.6 (m, 2 H), 7.45-7.3 (m, 2 H),_5.03 (m, 1 H, one diastereomer) 4.74 (m, 1 H, one diastereomer overlapping with the water signal), 4.45-4.35 (m, 2 H), 4.3-4.1 (m, 2 H), 4.0-3.8 (m, IH), 2.65-2.45 (m, 1 H), 2.3-2.1 (m, 1 H), 1.6-0.9 (m, 10 H), 0.75-0.65 (m, 3 H). 13 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O) amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers and rotamers): δ 176.8, 176.4, 176.0, 173.5, 173.3, 173.2, 167.2. Example 6 Ph-flTCHrOHVCfOVAze-Pab (i) Ph-(R) H( H)-C(Q)-Az -PaKZ) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) from (R)-mandelic acid (0.12 g; 0.8 mmol). The crude product (0.315 g) was purified by flash chromatography (Si-gel; THF:EtOAc (6:4)). Yield 0.128 g (32%) of white powder, purity 91.2% (HPLC) 1H-NMR (499.803 MHz, CDC1 3 ): δ 8.14 (t IH), 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.33 (t 4H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.22 (d, 2H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.92 (s, IH), 4.79 (dd, IH), 4.54 (broad s, IH), 4.39 (d, 2H), 4.00 (q, IH), 3.53 (q, IH), 2.48 (m, IH), 2.24 (m, IH), 2.19 (broad s, IH) ,3 C-NMR (125.688 MHz; CDC1 3 ) (carboxylic and amidine carbons): δ 173.1, 170.3, 168.1, 164.5 (ii) Ph-(R.)CH(QH C(Q)-Aze-Pab Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (107 mg; 0.214 mmol; from step (i) above) was dissolved in THF -water (2:1), 37 mg of Pd/C (4 mol% Pd) was added and the resulting solution was hydrogenated over 6 hours. The solution was filtrated through hyflo, and evaported to dryness. To the resulting white powder was added 20 mL of water acidified with 0.42 mL of 1M HCl (ca.2 equivalents). The resulting solution was washed with 5 mL of EtOAc and 10 mL of diethyl ether, and freeze-dried twice. Yield: 72 mg (84%) of white powder. Purity: 91% (HPLC) 1H-NMR (399.968 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.57 (t 2H), 7.36 (d, IH), 7.32 (s,3), 7.27 (s, IH), 725 (d, IH), 7.19 (m, IH), 5.17 (s, IH, major), 5.09 (s, IH, minor), 5.00 (dd, 1, minor), 4.38 (s^, major), 4.20 (dd, IH, major), 3.98 (dd, 2H, minor), 3.97 (m, IH, major), 3.75 (dd, IH), 2.68 (s, IH, minor), 2.65 (m, IH, minor), 2.35 (m, IH, major), 2.12 (m, IH, major), 2.03 (m, IH, minor) ,3 C-NMR (111.581 MHz; D 2 O) (carbonyl and amidine carbons): δ 174.5, 173.2, 172.5, 172.4 s Example 7 Ph(4-CF 2 )-(R.S,)CH(QHVC( ,VAze-Pab x HCl The sub-title compound was prepared according to method described in Example 3(ii) from o (R,SH-uifluoromethylmandelic acid (0.19 g; 0.88 mmol). Flash chromatography (Si-gel, CH 2 C1 2 :THF (6:4)) yielded 0.13 g (26%) of white powder Η-NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 9.6-9.2 (b, IH), 8.1 (bt 1 H, diastereomer), 7.9 (bt 1 H, diastereomer), 7.7-7.1 (m, 13 H), 5.16 (s, 2 H), 5.07 (s, 1 H, diastereomer), 4.98 (s, 1 H, s diastereomer), 4.80 (m, 1 H), 4.5-4.2 (m, 2 H), 4.1 -3.5 (m, 2 H), 2.5-2.2 (m, 2 H) 13 C-NMR (75 MHz CDC1 3 ), amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers): δ 173.3, 172.4, 170.3, 168.3, 164.4 0 Prepared according to the method described in Example 1 (v) from Ph(4-CF 3 )-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (133 mg; 0.23 mmol; from step (i) above) to give the title compound as a white crystalline powder. Yield 77 mg (70%). Η-NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O): δ 8.84 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 8.73 (m, 1 H, 5 diastereomer/rotamer), 8.52 (m, 1 H, diastereomeτ/rotameτ), 7.8-7.4 (m, 8 H), 5.46, 5.44, 5.30, 5.20 (singlets, 1 H, diastereomers rotamers), 4.96 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer, other signals from the same proton overlapping with the HDO-signal), 4.6-4.0 (m, 4 H), 2.9-2.5 (m, 1 H), 2.4-2. l (m, l H) I3 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O), amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers and rotamers): δ 0 173.6, 173.3, 173.1, 173.0, 172.9, 167.0 Example 8 Phf-t-OMeWR-S^CHfOHVαOVAze-Pah x HCl (i) Ph(4-OM WR-S)CH(OH C(OVAze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to method 3(ϋ) from (R.S) 4- methoxymandelic acid (0.18 g; 1.0 mmol. Flash chromatography (Si-gel; EtOAc:MeOH (95:5)) yielded 27 mg (17%) of white powder. Diastereomeric ratio 85:15; signals from the major diastereomer: 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.19 (m, 1 H), 7.80 (d, 2 H), 7.45 (d, 2 H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 7 H), 7.13 (d, 2 H, minor rotamer), 6.90 (d, 2 H, major rotamer), 6.82 (d, 2 H, minor rotamer), 5.21 (s, 2 H), 4.9-4.85 (m, 2 H; thereof a singlet at 4.89 (1 H)), 4.6-4.4 (m, 2 H), 4.02 (m, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 2.62 (m, 1 H), 2.32 (m, 1 H) l3 C-NMR (100 MHz; CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 173.6, 170.3, 167.8, 164.6 (ii) Phf 4-OMeV(R_S CH(OHVC(OVAze-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to method described in Example l(v) from Ph(4-OMeHR,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (27 mg; 0.05 mmol; from step (i) above). Yield 15 mg (68%) of white powder. Diastereomeric ratio 85:15; signals from the major diastereomer: Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.7-7.6 (m, 2 H), 7.5-7.3 (m, 4 H), 7.18 (d, 2 H, rotamer), 6.97 (d, 2 H, rotamer), 6.9-6.85 (m, 2 H, rotamer), 5.19 (s, 1 H, rotamer), 5.14 (s, 1 H, rotamer), 5.01 (m, 1 H, rotamer), 4.76 (m, 1 H rotamer), 4.48 (s, 1 H), 4.3-3.7 (m, 7 H, thereof 2 singlets at 3.78, 3.77 ( 3H)), 2.73 (m, 1 H, rotamer), 2.46 (m, 1 H, rotamer), 2.3-2.0 (m, 1 H) 13 C-NMR (75 MHz, D 2 O), amidine and carbonyl carbons (rotamers): δ 175.5, 174.1, 173.3, 173.1, 167.1, 167.0 Example 9 P__(4-OH).(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7e-P a h x HCl (i) Ph 4-QH)-(R.S)CHrQH)-C(QVAze-Pab(Z) 5 The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) from (R,S)-4-hydroxymandelic acid (0.34 g; 2.0 mmol). Flash chromatography (Si-gel, EtOAc/EtOH 9/1) yielded 0.18 g (17%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.70 (d, 2 H, minor diastereomer/rotamer), 7.64 (d, 2 H, lo major diastereomer/rotamer), 7.5-7.0 (m, 7 H), 6.82 (d, 2 H, major diastereomer/rotamer), 6.67 (d, 2 H, minor diastereomer/rotamer), 6.43 (d, 2 H, major diastereomer/rotamer), 5.30, 5.26, 5.22, 5.21 (singlets, 2 H, diastereomers/rotamers), 4.95-4.8 (m, 2 H), 4.15-4.05 (m, 2 H), 4.0-3.7 (m, 2 H), 2.7-2.5, (m, 2 H) «5 ( ii) Ph(4-OHUR.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7e-P a h x HCl The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from Ph(4-OHHR,S)CH(OH)-C(O Aze-Pab(Z) (94 mg; 0.18 mmol; from step (i) above). Yield: 37 mg (49%) of white powder. 20 Η-NMR (600 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.76, 7.72, 7.71, 7.68, 7.52, 7.47, 7.40, 7.35, 7.25, 7.19, 7.11, 6.97, 6.82, 6.76, 6.73, 6.71 (doublets, 8 H, diastereomers/rotamers), 5.19 (s, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 5.17 (s, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 5.14 (s, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 5.01 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 4.88 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer, other signals from the same proton overlapping with the HDO-signal), 25 4.6-3.8 (m, 4 H), 2.77 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 2.62 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 2.49 (m, 1 H, diastereomer/rotamer), 2.3-2.1 (m, 1 H) ,3 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O), amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers and rotamers): δ 175.9, 174.8, 174.3, 173.3, 173.2, 172.9, 167.1 30 Example 10 PlkCH 2 -(R)CH( H C(O AM-Pab x HCl (i) £ CH 2 -(R)CH(QHVC(QVAze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to method described in Example 3(ii) from (R)-phenyllactic acid (0.25 g; 1.5 mmol. Flash chromatography (Si-gel, CH 2 C1 2 :THF (6:4)) yielded 0.28 g (36%). • H-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.19 (m, 1 H), 7.72 (d, 2 H), 7.43 (d, 2 H), 7.4-7.1 (m, 10 H), 5.19 (s, 2 H), 4.73 (m, 1 H), 4.45-4.25 (m, 2 H), 4.19 (m, 1 H), 3.86 (m, 1 H), 3.18 (m, 1 H), 3.0-2.9 (m, 2 H), 2.42 (m, 1 H), 2.14 (m, 1 H) ,3 C-NMR (125 MHz; CDC1 3 ), amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 174.5, 170.2, 167.9, 164.3 (ii) Ph-CH 2 -(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7i_.P__h x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 1 (v) from Ph-CH 2 -(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.22 g; 0.43 mmol; from step (i) above) to yield 101.5 mg (57%) of white powder. 1H-NMR (600 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.73 (d, 2 H, major rotamer), 7.62 (d, 2 H, minor rotamer), 7.5- 7.4 (m, 2 H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 5 H), 7.10 (m, 2 H, minor rotamer), 4.71 (m, 1 H, major rotamer), 4.5-4.4 (m, 2 H), 4.34 (m, 1 H, minor rotamer), 4.14 (m, 1 H), 4.03 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 3.05-2.95 (m, 2 H, major rotamer), 2.9-2.7 (m, 2 H, minor rotamer), 2.65-2.5 (m, 1 H, minor rotamer), 2.5-2.3 (m, 1 H, major rotamer), 2.3-2.1 (m, 1 H) l3 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O), amidine and carbonyl carbons (rotamers): δ 175.9, 175.0, 173.7, 173.2, 167.1, 166.8 Example 11 Ch-(R)CH(OHVC(O)-Pic-Pah (i)B_ =Eic=QH s Prepared according to M.Bodanszky and A.Bodanszky ("The Practise of Peptide Synthesis", Springer- Verlag) using THF instead of dioxan as solvent 1H NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 5.0-4.8 (br d, IH), 4.0 (br s, IH), 3.0 (br s, IH), 2.20 (d, IH), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.5-1.3 (s + m, 13H) o (ii) Boc-Pic-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(ϋ) above from Boc-Pic-OH (2.02g; 8.8 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 1.59g (44%). s FAB-MS m/z 495 (M + l) + l H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.83 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.36-7.11 (m, 5H), 6.52 (bs, NH), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.81-4.72 (m, IH), 4.61-4.34 (m, 2H), 4.10-3.90 (m, lH),2.79-2.64 (m, IH), 2.36-2.25 (m, IH), 1.7-1.3 (m, 14H) 0 (iii) H-Pic-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl Boc-Pic-Pab(Z) (1.59 g; 3.25 mmol; from step (ii) above) was dissolved in 100 mL of EtOAc saturated with HCl. The reaction mixture was evaporated after half an hour to give the title product in quantitative yield. 5 FAB-MS m/z 395 (M + l) + ■ H NMR (300 MHz; DjO): δ 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.63-7.41 (m, 7H), 5.47 (s, 2H), 4.694.49 (AB- system centered at δ 4.59, 2H), 4.03 (dd, 1H),3.52 (bd, IH), 3.10 (A, IH), 2.29 (dd, IH), 0 2.08-1.61 (m, 5H) (iv) H-Pic-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was generated by dissolving the dihydrochloride from step (ϋi) above in 2M NaOH followed by extraction with CH 2 C1 2 and evaporation of the organic solvent (v) Ch-(R)CH( H Cf QVPic-PabfZ) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) from (T -hexahydromandelic acid (0.152 g; 0.96 mmol) and H-Pic-Pab(Z) (0.417 g; 1.06 mmol; from step (iv) above). Flash chromatography (Si gel, first EtOAc:toluene (3:2), then EtOAc) yielded 90 mg (18%). Η-NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.5-7.2 (m, 7H), 6.63 (t X part of ABX-system, NH), 5.21 (s, 2H), 5.14 (d, IH), 4.46 (ABX-system, 2H), 4.26 (apparent s, IH), 3.61 (bd,lH), 3.52 (bd, IH), 3.06 (dt IH), 2.30 (bd, IH), 1.92-1.0 (m, 14H), 0.95-0.8 (m, IH) ,3 C-NMR (75 MHz; CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 174.8, 170.3, 167.8 and 164.6. (vi) Ch-fR)CH( H>C(O)-Pic-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from C_KR)CH-(OH)C(O)-Pic-Pab(Z) (from 59 mg; 0.11 mmol; from step (v) above) yielding 19 mg (40%). FAB-MS m/z401 (M+ l) + "H-NMR (300 MHz; D O) the spectrum was complicated due to rotamers: δ 7.91-7.72 (m, major and minor rotamer, 2H), 7.58 (d, minor rotamer,2H), 7.53 (d, major rotamer, 2H), 5.17 (apparent bs, major rotamer, IH), 4.66-4.28 (m, 3H), 3.96 (bd, major rotamer, IH), 3.26 (bt major rotamer, IH), 3.05-2.88 (m, minor rotamer, IH), 2.39-2.20 (m, IH), 2.0-0.75 (m, 16H) 13 C-NMR (75 MHz; MeOD) amidine and carbonyl carbons at δ 175.86, 173.20, 168.53 Example 12 Ch-CH,-f )CH(OHVC(OVPic-Pah x HCl (i) _-li-CH 2 -f )CH( H CfO QH s A solution of phenyllactic acid (2.57 g) and rhodium on alumina (0.75 g) in MeOH (170 mL) was hydrogenated in H 2 -atmosphere at 3 atmospheres for 2 days. The mixture was filtered through hyflo and evaporated to dryness to give the product in quantitative yield. Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 4.23 (bdd, IH), 3.24 (apparent s, OH), 1.68 (bd, IH), 1.63- o 1.43 (m, 6H), 143-1.31 (m, IH), 1.21-1.0 (m, 3H), 0.95-0.75 (m, 157 mg (0.91 mmol) 2H) (^.ChrCHz- ^Hf HVCfQj- ic- a ) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(iv) from H-Pic-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (353 mg; 0.76 mmol; see Example 1 l(ϋi) above) and s Ch-CH 2 -(R)CH-(OH COOH (157 mg; 0.91 mmol; from step (i) above). The product was flash chromatographed (Si gel, EtOAc:toluene (7:3)) yielding 92 mg (22%). 1H-NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.46-7.1 (m, 7H), 6.90 (t NH), 5.18 (s, 2H), 5.07 (d, IH), 4.45 (bd, IH), 4.37 (d, 2H), 3.73-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.10 (bt IH), 2.24 (bd, IH), 0 2.15-2.0 (m, IH), 1.90 (bd, IH), 1.80-1.05 (m, 12H), 1.05-0.75 (m, 3H) I3 C-NMR (75 MHz; CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.88, 170.43, 168.04 and 164.58. (iii) Ch-CH--(R)CH(OHVC(O)-Pic-Pab x HCl 5 The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 1 (v) above from Ch-CH 2 -(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pic-Pab(Z) (62 mg; 0.113 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 47 mg (92%). FAB-MS m/z 415 (M+ 1) + 1H-NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O) the spectrum was complicated due to rotamers: δ 7.85-7.71 (m, major and minor rotamer, 2H), 7.56 (d, minor rotamer,2H), 7.50 (d, major rotamer, 2H), 5.12 (apparent bs, major rotamer, IH), 4.68-4.25 (m, 3H,partly hidden by HDO), 3.80 (bd, major rotamer, IH), 3.24 (bt major rotamer, IH), 2.89 (bt minor rotamer, IH), 2.25 (m, IH), 1.92- s 0.82 (m, 17H), 0.60-0.40 (m, major rotamer, 1 H) ,3 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O) amidine and carbonyl carbons(rotamers): δ 177.10, 173.88, 173.07, 167.24 Example 13 o Ph-(R)CH(OMeVC(O)-Aze.Pab x HCl (i) H-Aze-OMe HCl MeOH (200 ml) was cooled to -40°C under an argon atmosphere. Thionyl chloride (47.1 g; 0.396 mol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at -10°C for 35 s minutes. H-Aze-OH (10.0 g; 0.099 mol) was added and the mbcture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was subsequently evaporated to yield 16.1 g (100%) of the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 5.12-5.24 (m, 1 H), 4.08-4.29 (m, 2 H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 2.65- 0 2.87 (m, 2 H). (ii) Ph-(R)CH(OMe)-C(O)-Aze-OMe The subtitle compound was prepared according to the procedure described in Example l(ϋ) from R(-)-α-methoxyphenyI acetic acid (0.60 g; 3.6 mmol) and H-Aze-OMe x HCl (0.55 g, 5 3.6 mmol, from step (i) above) yielding 0.32 g (34%). Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.29-7.48 (m, 5 H), 4.71-5.08 (m, 2 H), 3.92-4.31 (m, 2 H), 3.69-3.83 (m, 3 H), 3.19-3.46 (m, 3 H), 2.13-2.65 (m, 2 H). (iii) Ph-(R)CH(QMeVC(Q)-Aze-QH To a solution of Ph-(R)CH(OMe)-C(O)-Aze-OMe (0.32 g; 1.2 mmol; from step (ii) above) in THF (10 ml) a solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.071 g; 1.7 mmol) in H O (6 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and was subsequently evaporated. The residue was dissolved in H 2 O and was extracted with toluene. The pH of the H 2 O layer was adjusted to 3 with aqueous HCl followed by an extraction with ethyl acetate (4 times). The combined organic layer was evaporated to yield 0.28 g (92%) of the title compound. 1H NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.30-7.50 (m, 5 H), 4.95-5.10 (m, 1 H), 4.80 (s, 1 H), 4.10- 4.35 (m, 2 H), 3.40 (s, 3 H), 2.40-2.80 (m, 2 H). (iv) Ph-( )CH(OMe)-C(O)-A7e-P a h(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in Example l(ϋ) from H-Pab(Z) x HCl (0.36 g; 1.0 mmol) and Ph-CH(OMe C(O>Aze-OH (0.25 g; 1.0 mmol; from step (iii) above) to yield 0.39 g (76%) as a white powder. Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.29 (m, 1 H), 7.77 (d, 2 H), 7.45 (d, 2 H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 10 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 4.93 (m, 1 H), 4.69 (s, 1 H), 4.44 (m, 2 H), 4.15 (m, 2 H), 3.35 (s, 3 H), 2.69 (m, 1 H), 2.42 (m, 1 H) (v) Ph-(R)CH(OMeVC(OVAze-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to method described in Example l(v) from Ph- (R)CH(OMe)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.15 g; 0.29 mmol; from step (iv) above) yielding 50.4 mg (41 %) as a white powder. Η-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD; the α-hydrogen of Aze and the benzylic hydrogen from the mandelate were obscured by the CD 3 OH-signal): δ 7.8-7.6 (m, 2 H), 7.6-7.4 (m, 2 H), 7.4-7.1 (m, 5 H), 4.6-4.4 (m, 2 H), 4.3-4.0 (m, 2 H), 3.29 (s, 3 H), 2.7-2.5 (m, 1 H), 2.4-2.1 (m, 1 H) Example 14 Ph(3-OMeV(R S)CH(OHVC(O)-Aze-Pab x HCl (i) Ph(3-OMeWR.S)CHfOH)-C(O A2E-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) from (R,S 3-methoxymandelic acid (270 mg; 1.5 mmol) yielding 340 mg (43%); diastereomeric ratio 1:1. FAB-MS m/z 531 (M+ l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.14 (m, IH, diastereomer), 7.87 (m, IH, diastereomer), 7.8- 7.0 (m, 10H), 6.9-6.7 (m, 3H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 4.96 (s, IH, diastereomer), 4.88 (s, IH, diastereomer), 4.85-4.7 (m, IH), 4.4-4.2 (m, 2H), 4.05-3.9 (m, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H, diastereomer), 3.71 (m, IH, diastereomer), 3.66 (s, 3H, diastereomer), 3.58 (m, IH, diastereomer), 2.5-2.35 (m, IH), 2.32 (m, IH, diastereomer), 2.20 (m, IH, diastereomer). ,3 C-NMR (100 MHz; CDCI 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers): δ 173.9, 173.0, 170.5, 170.4, 168.3, 168.2, 164.5. (ii) Ph(3-OMeWR_S)CH(OH)-C(O Aze-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) from Ph(3-OMeHR,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (230 mg; 0.43 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 126 mg (67%) of product Diastereomeric ratio 1:1. FAB-MS m/z 397 (M+ 1) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to (diastereomers/rotamers) and some impurities): δ 7.6-7.1 (m, 5H), 6.9-6.6 (m, 3H), 5.2-4.7 (m, 1-2H), 4.4-3.7 (m, 4-5H), 3.63 (s, 3H, diastereomer/rotameτ), 3.55 (m, 3H, diastereomer/rotamer), 2.5-2.3 (m, IH) 2.2-2.0 (m, IH). I3 C-NMR (75 MHz; D 2 O) amidine and carbonyl carbons (diastereomers/rotamers): δ 175.8, 175.4, 174.8, 174.6, 168.5. Example 15 Phn.M e W ,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-P__h x H Ar. (i) (R.S)-3-Methvlmandelic acid s A mixture of 3-methylbenzaldehyde ( 12.0 g; 0.1 mol) and benzyltriethylammonium chloride (1.23 g; 0.005 mol) in CHC1 3 (16 ml) was stirred at 56°C. A solution of NaOH (25 g) in H 2 O (25 ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. When the addition was completed the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H 2 O (to give 400 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 50 ml). The pH of the mixture 0 was adjusted to 1 with H 2 SO 4 (cone.) followed by an extraction with diethyl ether (6 x 50 ml). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated. The crude product (11.6 g) was recrystallized from toluene to give 8.47 g (51%) of the title compound. LC-MS m/z 165 (M - 1) ' , 331 (2M - IV 5 1H NMR (600 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.10-7.28 (m,4 H), 5.08 (s, 1 H), 2.32 (s,3 H). (ϋ) Ph(3-Me)-(R.S)CH(OHVC(O)-Aze-Pah(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ϋ) from (R,S)-3-methylmandelic acid (0.22 g; 1.3 mmol; from step(i) above) yielding 0.37 g 0 (54%). LC-MS m/z 515 (M + l) + Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.11-8.21 (t NH), 6.97-7.89 (m, 13 H), 5.18-5.24 (m, 2 H), 4.83-5.00 (m, 2 H), 4.37-4.58 (m, 2 H), 3.504.11 (m, 2 H), 2.39-2.71 (m 2 H), 2.27-2.38 5 (m, 3 H). (iϋ) Ph(3-Me)-0-_S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc A mixture of Ph(3-Me)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.105 g; 0.20 mmol; from step (ii) above), acetic acid (0.012 g, 0.20 mmol) and Pd/C (5%, 0.14 g) in ethanol (12 ml) was 0 hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 6 h. The reaction mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was evaporated. The crude product (97 mg) was dissolved in H 2 O and freeze-dried resulting in a sticky product The product was dissolved in HOAc and was freeze-dried again without any improvement The product was dissolved in H 2 O, filtered through a HPLC-filter and was freeze-dried. The yield was 67 mg (76%) of the title compound. LC-MS m/z 381 (M + l) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.89-7.72 (m, 8 H), 4.79-5.23 (m, 2 H), 3.76-4.51 (m, 4 H), 2.38-2.82 (m, 2 H), 2.15-2.27 (m, 3 H) 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.21, 175.43, 174.38, 173.94, 173.23, 173.06, 172.16, 167.00 Example 16 Ph(3-OEt)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7e-P a h x HOAc (i) (R.S)-3-Ethoxymandelic acid (R,S)-3-hydroxymandelic acid (0.712 g; 4.236 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (15 ml). K 2 CO 3 (2.34 g, 16.94 mmol) was added and ethyl iodide (1.03 ml, 12.71 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and was subsequently evaporated. The residue was dissolved in H 2 O (25 ml) and acetone (6 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the resulting H 2 O layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The pH of the H 2 O layer was adjusted to 2 with aqueous KHSO and more H 2 O was added to dissolve formed salts. The H 2 O-solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 times). The combined organic layer was washed with H 2 O, dried (Na SO 4 ) and evaporated. The residue was subjected to preparative RPLC (25% acetonitrile:75% 0.1 M HOAc) and the fractions containing product was evaporated. The resulting H 2 O layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 times) and the combined organic layer was washed with H 2 O, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated. The yield was 182 mg (22%) of the sub-title compound. LC-MS M/Z 195 (M - 1) " , 391 (2M - 1) ' , 587 (3M - 1) " 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 6.80-7.27 (m, 4 H), 5.08 (s, 1 H), 3.99-4.13 (m, 2 H) 1.34- 1.40 (t, 3 H). (ii) Ph(3-OF.t)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7e-P a h(Z) 5 The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ϋ) from (R,S)-3-ethoxymandelic acid (0.178 g; 0.907 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 259 mg (52%). LC-MS m/z 545 (M+ l) + 0 Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.77-7.77 (m, 13 H), 5.16-5.21 (d, 2 H), 4.78-4.99 (m, 2 H), 4.27-4.51 (m, 2 H), 3.53-4.07 (m, 4 H), 2.21-2.60 (m, 2 H), 1.29-1.41 (m, 3 H). (iii) Ph(3-OEt)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pah x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iϋ) s above from Ph(3-OEt)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.182 g; 0.33 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 157 mg ( 100%). LC-MS m/z 411 (M+ l) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.71-7.79 (m, 2 H), 7.49-7.60 (m, 2 H), 7.19-7.30 (m, 1 0 H), 6.94-7.02 (m, 2 H), 6.81-6.90 (m, 1 H), 5.09-5.18 (m, 1 H), 4.74-4.81 (m, IH), 4.39- 4.62 (m, 2 H), 3.93-4.35 (m, 4 H), 2.10-2.61 (m, 2 H), 1.32-1.40 (m, 3 H). 1 C NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 180.68, 174.30, 173.50, 173.07, 172.44, 172.26. s Example 17 Ph(3-OPr( w ))-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(OVAze-Pab x HOAc (i) (R r SV3-Allyloxvmandelic acid (R,S)-3-Hydroxymandelic acid (0.504 g; 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetone (25 ml) 0 in nitrogen atmosphere. Allyl bromide (0.907 g; 7.5 mmol) and dry K 2 CO 3 (1.037 g; 7.5 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred in nitrogen atmospher for 16 h. The reaction mixture was subsequently evaporated. The residue was dissolved in H 2 O (25 ml) and acetone (6 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 2 h (the reaction was followed by HPLC). The mixture was evaporated and the water layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. s The pH of the water layer was adjusted to 2 with aqueous KHSO 4 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 times). The combined organic layer was washed with H 2 O, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated to give the sub-title product in a yield of 0.175 g (28%). l H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.87-7.30 (m, 4 H), 5.97-6.10 (m, 1 H), 5.26-5.44 (m, 2 H), 0 5.20 (s, 1 H), 4.51 -4.55 (d, 2 H). (ii) Ph(3-OCH 2 CH=CH : )-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7e-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) from (R,S)-3-allyloxymandelic acid (0.167 g; 0.8 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 260 s mg (58%). Η NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.09-8.17 (t, NH), 6.79-7.87 (m, 13 H), 5.94-6.09 (m, 1 H), 5.20-5.44 (m, 4 H), 4.86-5.02 (m, 2 H), 4.32-4.62 (m, 4 H), 3.54-4.15 (m, 2 H), 2.30-2.74 (m, 2 H). 0 (iii) PhO-OPr n)HR.S)CH(OH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) from Ph(3-OCH 2 CH=CH 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.06 g; 0.1 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 47mg (97%). 5 LC-MS m/z 425 (M +1)\ 423 (M - 1) " 1H NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.70-7.71 (m, 8 H), 4.70-5.25 (m, 2 H), 3.78-4.53 (m, 6 H), 2.05-2.80 (m, 2 H), 1.56-1.75 (m, 2 H), 0.82-0.95 (m, 3 H). 0 Example 18 Ph(3- Pr(w(? -fR.S)CH(OH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (i) (R.S)-3-isopropoxvmandelic acid The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 16(i) above from (R,S)-3-hydroxymandelic acid (0.70 g; 4.16 mmol), Cs..^ (5.87 g; 16.65 mmol) and isopropyl iodide (1.25 ml; 12.49 mmol) yielding 62 mg (7%). LC-MS m/z 209 (M - l) ' Η NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 6.81-7.25 (m, 4 H), 5.08 (s, 1 H), 4.53-4.64 (m, 1 H), 1.28-1.32 (d, 6 H). (ii) Ph(3-OPr(f^)V(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pah(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-3-isopropoxymandelic acid (0.063 g; 0.3 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 60 mg (34%). LC-MS m/z 559 (M +l) + Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.75-7.79 (m, 13 H), 5.18-5.24 (m, 2 H), 4.81-4.99 (m, 2 H), 4.31-4.58 (m, 3 H), 3.97-4.15 (m, 1 H), 3.55-3.77 (m, 1 H), 2.24-2.64 (m, 2 H), 1.23- 1.33 (m, 6 H). (iii) Ph(3-OPrfo 0 )WR.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pah x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3-OPr(wo))-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.05 g; 0.090 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 41 mg (94%). LC-MS m/z 425 (M + if 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 6.81-7.80 (m, 8 H), 5.08-5.18 (m, 1 H), 4.744.80 (m, 1 H), 4.53-4.64 (m, 2 H), 4.41-4.51 (m, 1 H), 3.93-4.35 (m, 2 H), 2.23-2.60 (m, 2 H), 1.25- 1.32 (m, 6 H). 13 C NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.10, 173.60, 173.15, 172.48, 166.39. Example 19 Ph(9,- Me).(R.S)CH(OH)-C(OVAze-P a h x HOAc (i) Ph(2-OMe)-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(QVAze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ϋ) above from (R,S)-2-methoxymandelic acid (0.18 g; 1.0 mmol) yielding 80 mg (17%). 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.16-8.22, (t NH), 6.81-7.85 (m, 13 H), 5.16-5.20 (m, 2 H), 4.79-4.91 (m, 1 H), 4.35-4.49 (m,2 H), 3.84-4.02 (m, 2 H), 3.63-3.80 (m, 3 H), 3.32- 3.56 (m, 1 H), 2.21-2.57 (m, 2 H). (ϋ) Ph(2-OMe)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(OVA 2 e-Pah x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(2-OMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.08 g; 0.15 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 45 mg (71%). FAB-MS m/z 397 (M+ l) + Η NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.83-7.70 (m, 8 H), 4.71-4.97 (m, 1 H), 4.34-4.51 (m, 2 H), 3.87-4.22 (m, 3 H), 3.67-3.75 (m, 3 H), 2.00-2.74 (m, 2 H). 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 179.96, 176.28, 174.97, 174.50, 173.44, 173.39, 173.29, 173.10, 167.12. Example 20 Ph(3.5-diOMe)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-P a b x HOAc (i) Ph(3.5-diOMe)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7e-P a h(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-3,5-dimethoxymandelic acid (0.21 g; 1.0 mmol; prepared according to the method described in Synthesis (1974) 724) yielding 0.31 g (62%). 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.11-8.16 (t NH), 7.17-7.86 (m, 9 H), 6.41-6.49 (m, 3 H), 5.21-5.24 (d, 2 H), 4.84-5.03 (m, 2 H), 4.29-4.66 (m, 2 H), 3.67-4.17 (m, 8 H), 2.32-2.72 (m, 2 H). (ii) Ph(3.5-diOMe)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3,5-diOMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.15 g; 0.27 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 120 mg (100%). Η NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.34-7.75 (m, 4 H), 6.44-6.66 (m, 3 H), 4.67-5.12 (m, 1 H), 3.97-4.55 (m, 5 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.71-3.74 (m, 3 H), 2.14-2.85 (m, 2 H). l3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine ai carbonyl carbons: 181.17, 174.85, 173.92, 173.53, 173.09, 172.98, 182.90, 166.77. Example 21 Ph(3-OMe.4-OH)-(R.S)CH(OHVC(OVAze-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3- Me.4-OHHR.S)CH(QH C(Q)-Aze-Pab(Z The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandeUc acid (0.20 g; 1.0) yielding 89 mg (16%). LC-MS m/z 547 (M + 1)\ 545 (M - 1 ) * • H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.07-8.15 (m, NH), 6.64-7.86 (m, 12 H), 5.20-5.27 (m, 2 H), 3.57-5.00 (m, 9 H), 2.31-2.74 (m, 2 H). (ϋ) Ph(3.OMe.4-OH)-(R-S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pah x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3-OMe,4-OH)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.085 g; 0.16 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 57 mg (78%). FAB-MS m/z 413 (M +l) + l H NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diasteremoers/rotamers): δ 6.66-7.83 (m, 8 H), 4.80-5.25 (m, 2 H), 3.88-4.59 (m, 4 H), 3.68-3.88 (m, 3 H), 2.10-2.85 (m, 2 H). 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 182.01, 175.56, 174.43, 174.04, 173.20, 173.05, 166.90, 166.85. Example 22 Ph(2-F.5-CF 2 )-(R.S)CH(QH -C(Q)-A?:e-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(2-F.5-CF 2 WR.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylmandelic acid (0.3 g; 1-2 mmol; prepared according to the method described in Org. Synth. Coll. I, 336) yielding 0.32 g (51%). FAB-MS m/z 587 (M+l) + • • HH NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz;; CCDDCCI1 3 ): δ 7.15-7.87 (m, 12 H), 5.19-5.30- (m, 2 H), 4.87-5.00 (m, 1 H), 4.36-4.60 (m, 3 H), 4.05-4.20 (m, 1 H), 3.60-3.73 (m, 1 H), 2.32-2.72 (m, 2 H). (ii) Ph(2-F.5-CF I HR_S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(ϋi) above from Ph(2-F-5-CF 3 )-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.15 g; 0.26 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 110 mg (90%). l H NMR (500 MHz, D 2 O): δ 7.28-7.83 (m, 7 H), 5.43-5.65 (m, 1 H), 4.82-5.18 (m, 1 H), 3.974.56 (m, 4 H), 2.14-2.85 (m, 2 H). I3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and s carbonyl carbons: δ 173.61, 173.33, 173.06, 172.83, 172.68, 172.62, 166.86, 164.27, 161.15, 160.92. Example 23 Ph-(R.S)C(Et)( H -C(Q -Aze-Pab x HOAc 0 (i) Ph-(R.S)C(Et)(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl butanoic acid (0.18 g; 1.0 mmol), yielding 79 mg (15%). 5 LC-MS m/z 529 (M + 1)\ 527 (M - 1) " Η Η NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz,, CCDDCC11 33 )):: δδ 77..2277--77..Ϊ86 (m, 14 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 4.82-4.93 (m, 1 H), 4.394.57 (m, 2 H), 3.84-3.98 (m, 2 H), 2.02-2.64 (m, 4 H), 0.86-0.93 (m, 3 H). 0 (ii) Ph-(R.S)C(Et)(OH)-C(OVAze-P a h x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R,S)C(Et)(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.08 g; 01.5 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 62 mg (90%) of the title compound. 5 FAB-MS m/z 395 (M + 1 ) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.27-7.84 (m, 9 H), 4.83-5.35 (m, 1 H), 3.89-4.60 (m, 4 H), 2.40-2.61 (m, 1 H), 1.95-2.30 (m, 3 H), 0.78-0.95 (m, 3 H). I3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 182.09, 175.79, 175.48, 173.53, 173.23, 167.05. 0 Example 24 Ph-(R S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph-(R.S)C(M e )(OH)-C(O)-Aze-P_ιb(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (S)-(+)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl propionic acid (0.20 g; 1.2 mmol) yielding 0.17 g (31%). 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.04-8.14 (t NH), 7.17-7.80 (m, 14 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 4.76- 4.86 (m, 1 H), 4.31-4.50 (m, 2 H), 3.76-3.94 (m, 2 H), 2.19-2.44 (m, 2 H), 1.70 (s, 3 H). (ii) Ph-(R.S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R,S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.08 g; 0.16 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 48 mg (78%), diasteromeric ratio: 85:15. Η NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.30-7.79 (m, 9 H), 3.99-4.82 (m, 5 H), 2.09-2.74 (m, 2 H), 1.70-1.77 (m, 3 H). C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 176.90, 176.34, 173.89, 173.48, 167.00. Example 25 Ph-(R)CH(QH)-C(Q)-A2e-Pac x HOAc (i) Boc-Aze-OSu A mixture of Boc-Aze-OH (5 g, 25 mmol) and HOSu (2.88 g, 25 mmol) in 25 ml of THF was cooled on an ice bath. EDC (4.3 ml, 25 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred overnight It was evaporated, dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with KHSO 4 (aq, 0.3 M), Na 2 CO 3 (aq, 10%), dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated. Crystallization from ethyl acetate:petroleum ether afforded 3.78 g (51%) of sub-title compound. 1H NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ) δ 4.89 (m, IH), 4.07 (m, IH), 3.95 (m, IH), 2.85 (s, 4H), 2.67 (m, IH), 2.45 (m, IH), 1.42 (s, 9H) (ii) Boc-Aze-Pac(Z) A mbcture of H-Pac(Z) x 2 HCl (0.227 g, 0.63 mmol), Boc-Aze-OSu (0.194 g, 0.65 mmol) and triethylamine (0.2 ml, 1.4 mmol) in 10 ml of THF was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. After evaporation the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, filtered through a plug of Celite and chromatographed on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate:THF (2:1). The eluent was evaporated, dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated to give 0.250 g (81%) of sub-title compound. l H NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ) δ 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.55 (bt IH), 3.85 (bq, IH), 3.72 (bq, IH), 3.2-3.0 (m, 2H), 2.4-2.2 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, IH), 1.9-1.7 (m, 4H), 1.5-1.3 (m, 1 IH, thereof s at 1.37, 9H) 1.0-0.8 (m, 2H) (iii) H-Aze-Pac(Z) The subtitle compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(i) from Boc-Aze-Pac(Z) (from step (ii) above) followed by an alkaline extractive work up. (iv) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-A7e-P__c(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example l(ii) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)OH (0.236 g, 0.89 mmol, prepared according to Hamada et al. J..Am. Chem. Soc., (1989) 111, 669) and H-Aze-Pac(Z) (0.25 g; 0.53 mmol; from step (iii) above; previously activated by stirring in acid (1:1; 10 ml) for 30 minutes) yielding 160 mg (48%). 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.44 (m, 10 H), 5.22 (s, 1 H), 5.06-5.16 (m, 2 H), 4.80-4.90 (m, 1 H), 3.92-4.43 (m, 2 H), 2.88-3.12 (m, 2 H), 2.35-2.60 (m, 2 H), 1.25-2.10 (m, 10 H), 0.84-0.94 (m, 9 H), 0.00-0.15 (m, 6 H) (v) Ph-(R)CH(QH)-C(O)-Aze-Pac x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Aze-Pac(Z) (0.16 g; 0.25 mmol; from step (iv) above), with purification by RPLC yielding 15 mg (14%). FAB-MS m/z 373 (M + l) + Example 26 Ph-(R)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pig x HQAc (i) Boc-Aze-Pig(Z) The subtitle compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example l(ii) from Boc-Aze-OH (1.03 g; 5.12 mmol; see Example l(i) above) and H-Pig(Z) x 2 HCl (1.86 g, 5.12 mmol; prepared according to the method described in International Patent AppUcation WO 94/29336) yielding 1.24 g (51%). 1H NMR (400MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.27-7.43 (m, 5 H), 5.12 (s,2 H), 4.60-4.67 (t 1 H), 4.16-4.26 (d, 2 H), 3.86-3.95 (m, 1 H), 3.74-3.82 (m, 1 H), 3.11-3.30 (m, 2 H), 2.78-2.89 (m, 2 H), 2.33-2.52 (bs, 2 H), 1.71-1.83 (m, 3 H), 1.44 (s, 9 H), 1.15-1.29 (m, 2 H). (ii) H-Aze-Pig(Z) x 2 HCl Boc-Aze-Pig(Z) (1.2 g; 2.53 mmol; from step (i) above) in ethyl acetate saturated with HCl (75 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated, diluted with water and extracted with toluene. The water layer was freeze-dried to give 1.085 g (96%) of the title compound. 1H NMR (500 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.32-7.46 (m, 5 H), 5.28 (s, 2 H), 4.99-5.05 (t 1 H), 4.08- 4.16 (m, 1 H), 3.91-3.99 (m, 3 H), 3.13-3.25 (m, 4 H), 2.79-2.88 (m, 1 H), 2.47-2.57 (m, 1 H), 1.82-1.96 (m, 3 H), 1.26-1.40 (m, 2 H). (iϋ) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Aze-Pig(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 25(iv) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)OH (0.401 g; 1.5 mmol) and H-Aze-Pig(Z) s x 2 HCl (0.672 g; 1.5 mmol; from step (iii) above) yielding 350 mg (46%). LC-MS m/z 508 (M + 1) + , 530 (M + Na) + (iv) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pi x HOAc 0 The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pig(Z) (0.1 g; 0.197mmol; from step (iv) above) yielding 81 mg (95%) of the title compound. LC-MS m/z 374 (M + 1) + s 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.25-7.50 (m, 5 H), 5.15 (s, 1 H), 4.65-4.75 (m, 1 H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 1 H), 3.80-4.00 (m, 3 H), 2.95-3.50 (m, 4 H), 2.05-2.50 (m, 2 H), 1.75-1.90 (m, 3 H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 2 H). Example 27 0 Ph-(R)CH(OHVC(O)-Pro-(R.S)Hi g x HOAc (i) H-(R.S)Hig(Z) x 2 HCl The subtitle compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(i) from Boc-(R,S)Hig(Z) (prepared according to the method described in International Patent 5 Application WO 94/29336) (ii) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(OVPro-OBn The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(ϋ) from L-proline benzylester x HCl (2.0 g, 8.26 mmol) and Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)OH (2.0 g, 7.51 mmol, prepared according to the method described by Hamada et al in J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) 111, 669) yielding 2.0 g (59%). Η NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.22-7.55 (m, 10 H), 5.45 (s, 1 H), 5.15 (s, 2 H), 4.45-4.55 s (m, 1 H), 3.70-3.82 (m, 1 H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1 H), 1.65-2.15 (m, 4 H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 9 H), 0.00-0.22 (m, 6 H). (iii) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O).Pro-OH A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Pro-OBn (1.9 g, 4.19 mmol, from step (ii) 0 above) and Pd/C (10%, 0.21 g) in ethanol (80 ml) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 3 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and die filtrate was evaporated. The yield was 1.36 g (91%) of the title compound. LC-MS m/z 362 (M - iy s 1H NMR (500 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.20-7.50 (m, 5 H), 5.45 (s, 1 H), 4.30-4.40 (m, 1 H), 3.30-3.70 (m, 2 H), 1.75-2.30 (m, 4 H), 0.85-1.00 (m, 9 H), 0.00-0.20 (m, 6 H). (iv) Ph-(R)CH(QTBDMS)-CfQVPro-(R.S)-Hig( ) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 0 25(iv) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Pro-OH (0.36 g; 1 mmol; from step (iii) above) and H-(R,S)Hig(Z) x 2 HCl (0.36 g; 1 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 0.63 g of crude product which was used without further purification in the proceeding step. LC-MS m/z 636 (M+ l) + 5 ,3 C NMR (100.5 MHz; CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 171.57, 171.20, 163.79, 159.22. (v) Ph-(R)CH(OHVC(O)-Pro-(R.S)Hi g (Z) A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Pro-(R,S)Hig(Z) (0.63 g; 1 mmol; from step (iv) above) and TFA (10 ml, 20% in CH 2 C_ 2 ) was stirred at room temperature for 3h. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 9 with aqueous K 2 CO 3 and the reaction mixture was subsequently extracted with CH 2 C1 2 . The combined organic layer was dried (Na SO 4 ) and evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica gel column (40 g) eluted with CH 2 C1 2 (100 ml), CH 2 Cl 2 :EtOH 95:5 (100 ml) and s CH 2 Cl 2 :EtOH (9:1; 300 ml). The yield was 138 mg (26%) of the sub-title compound. LC-MS m/z 522 (M + 1) + 13 C NMR (100.5 MHz; CDC1 3 ) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 172.21, 171.20, 163.64, 159.11. 0 (vi) Ph-(R)CH(OHVC(O)-Pro-(R.S)Hi e x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-(R,S)Hig(Z) (0.071 g; 0.14 mmol; from step (v) above yielding 49 mg (80%). 5 LC-MS m z 388 (M + 1) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers): δ 7.32-7.56 (m, 5 H), 5.37-5.52 (m, 1 H), 4.32-4.64 (m, 1 H), 3.57-3.75 (m, 2 H), 3.24-3.56 (m, 4 H), 2.89- 3.15 (m, 2 H), 1.25-2.80 (m, 9 H). 0 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: 181.92, 174.92, 173.69, 173.03. Example 28 Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(OVPro-Di g x HOAc 5 (i) Ph-Q^CH(,QTBDMS (Q)-Prp-Dig(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 25(iv) above from H-Dig(Z) (0.14 g; 0.507 mmol; see International Patent Application WO 94/29336) and Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Pro-OH (0.23 g; 0.608 mmol; see Example 27(iii) above) yielding 316 mg of crude product which was used in the proceeding step without further purification. LC-MS m/z 622 (M + l) + (ii) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Di (Z) Trifluoroacetic acid (6 ml; 20% in CH 2 C1 2 ) was added to Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-Pro- Dig(Z) (0.315 g; 0.506 mmol; from step (i) above) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 8 with aqueous K 2 CO 3 and was extracted with CH 2 C1 2 . The organic layer was washed with aqueous NaCl, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated. The crude product (250 mg) was flash chromatographed on a silica gel column using CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH (9:1) as eluent yielding 180 mg (70%) of the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.25-7.39 (m, 10 H), 5.32-5.37 (bs, 1 H), 5.08-5.19 (m, 2 H), 4.40-4.49 (m, 1 H), 4.21-4.35 (m, 2 H), 3.87-4.03 (m, 2 H), 3.71-3.79 (m, 2 H), 3.18- 3.32 (m, 2 H), 3.00-3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.61-2.73 (m, 1 H), 2.14-2.24 (m, 1 H), 1.62-2.07 (m, 8 H). (iii) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Dig x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R)CH(OH>C(O)-Pro-Dig(Z) (0.14 g; 0.276 mmol; from step (iii) above yielding 112 mg (94%). Η NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.27-7.44 (m, 5 H), 5.34 (s, 1 H), 4.29^.35 (m, 1 H), 4.17-4.25 (m, 2 H), 3.75-3.83 (m, 2 H), 3.63-3.73 (m, 1 H), 3.25-3.34 (m, 1 H), 3.08-3.23 (m, 2 H), 2.79-2.90 (m, 1 H), 1.71-2.10 (m, 6 H). ,3 C NMR (100.6 MHz; CD 3 OD) amidine and carbonyl signals: δ 174.79, 173.26, 158.16. Example 29 Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R or S)Pic(_ «-4-Me)-Pab x HOAc and Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(S or R)Picf< ι.t-4-Me)-Pab x HOAc s (i) (R.SVN-Boc-Pic( C -4-Me)-Pab(Z) The sub-tide compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example l(ii) from (R,S)-N-Boc-Pic(cw-4-Me)-OH (0.88 g; 4.1 mmol; prepared according to die method described in Shuman et al J. Org. Chem. (1990), 55, 738) yielding 405 mg (19%). o FAB-MS m/z 509 (M + 1 ) + Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.25-7.90 (m, 9 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 4.45-4.50 (m, 2 H), 4.30- 4.40 (m, 1 H), 3.15-3.70 (m, 2 H), 170-2.00 (m, 4 H), 1.45 (s, 9 H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 1 H), 0.90-1.05 (m, 3 H). s (ϋ) H-(R-S)Pic( C »-4-MeVPab(Z) (R,S)-N-Boc-Pic(c/_ * -4-Me)-Pab(Z) (0.40 g; 0.79 mmol; from step (i) above) was dissolved in CH 2 C1 2 (5 ml). Trifluoroacetic acid (5 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in CH 2 C1 2 , washed with aqueous Na 2 CO 3 , dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated. The crude product was purified by 0 flash chromatography on a silica gel column eluted with CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH 95:5 and CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH 9: 1. The yield was 300 mg (94%) of the sub-tide compound. FAB-MS m/z 409 (M + l) + Η NMR (500 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.25-7.85 (m, 9 H), 5.15 (s, 2 H), 4.35-4.45 (m, 2 H), 5 2.55-3.60 (m, 3 H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 1 H), 1.35-1.65 (m, 2 H), 0.90-1.20 (m, 5 H). (iii) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMSVC(OV(R S)Pic(c»-4-MeVP a b(Z) The sub-tide compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 3(ϋ) above from H-(R,S)Pic(c _'-4-Me)-Pab(Z) (0.290 1 0.71 mmol; from step (ii) above) 0 and Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O OH (0.189 g; 0.71 mmol; prepared according to the method described in Hamada et al J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) 111, 669) yielding 0.40 g of crude product which was used in the proceeding step without purification. riv) Ph.(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R.S Pic(c .v4-Me)-PahrZ) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(c 5-4-Me)-Pab(Z) (0.40 g; crude from step (iii) above) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (20% in CH 2 C1 2 ) for 3 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and die residue was purified by flash chromatography on a silica gel column eluted with CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH (98:2, 95:5 and 9: 1). The yield was 45 mg (11%) of the sub-title compound. (v) Ph-(R)CH(QH)-C(Q)-(R or S)Pic(w-4-Me)-Pab x HOAc and Ph(R)CH(QH)-C(QMS or R)Pic(w-4-Me)-Pab x HQAc A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(cw4-Me)-Pab(Z) (0.045 g; 0.083 mmol; from step (iv) above) and Pd/C (5%; 0.06 g) in ethanol (8 mL) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated. The crude product was subjected to preparative RPLC (0.1M NH 4 OAc; 30% acetonitrile) where the diastereomers were separated. The yield was 7 mg of compound 29A widi a diastereomeric ratio >99:1 and 11 mg of compound 29B with a diastereomeric ratio 98:2. Compound 29 A: LC-MS m/z 409 (M + 1) + , 407 (M - 1) " Η NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.20-7.80 (m, 9 H), 5.65 (s, 1 H), 4.65-5.35 (m, 1 H), 4.40- 4.55 (m, 2 H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1 H), 2.65-3.15 (m, 2 H), 2.05-2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.05-1.75 (m, 2 H), 0.70-0.90 (m, 3 H). Compound 29B: LC-MS m z 409 (M + 1 )\ 407 (M - 1 ) " Η NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.25-7.80 (m, 9 H), 4.55-5.75 (m, 2 H), 4.354.50 (m, 3 H), 3.75-3.85 (m, 1 H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 1 H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 1 H), 0.70-1.70 (m, 6 H). Example 3Q Ph-(CH : ).-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HCl (i) Ph- CH 2 ) 2 -(R CH(QH -CrQ)-Aze-Pab(Z The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from H-Aze-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.434 g, 0.988 mmol) and (R)-(-)-2-hydroxy-4- phenylbuturic acid (0.162 g; 0.898 mmol), TBTU (0.433 g, 1.348 mmol) and N- methylmorpholine (0.363 g; 3.59 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) yielding 105 mg (22%). LC-MS m/z 529 (M + 1 ) + , 527 (M - 1 ) * 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.17-8.25 (m, NH), 7.05-7.72 (m, 14 H), 5.16-5.22 (m, 2 H), 4.71-4.88 (m, 1 H), 4.324.41 (m, 2 H), 3.924.04 (m, 2 H), 3.79-3.88 (m, 1 H), 2.62- 2.86 (m, 2 H), 2.29-2.57 (m, 2 H), 1.80-1.98 (m, 2 H). (ii) Ph-(CH-)--(R)CH(OH)-CrO)-Aze-Pah x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) above from Ph-(CH 2 ) 2 -(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.112 g; 0.212 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 77 mg (84%). LC-MS m/z 395 (M + 1 ) + , 393 (M - 1 ) " l H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.77-7.77 (m, 9 H), 4.73-5.19 (m, 1 H), 4.40-4.62 (m, 2 H), 3.924.34 (m, 3 H), 2.48-2.84 (m, 3 H), 2.09-2.33 (m, 1 H), 1.83-2.05 (m, 2 H). I3 C NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.66, 174.80, 172.56, 172.49, 166.14, 165.87. Example 31 2.N a ph hvl.(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (i) (R-S)-(2-naphthyl)glvcolic acid The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(i) above from 2-naphthaldehyde (15.6 g; 100 mmol) yielding 12.37 g (61%). LC-MS m/z 201 (M - 1) + , 403 (2M - 1) " 1H NMR (500 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.43-7.98 (m, 7 H), 5.29-5.35 (m, 1 H). (ϋ) 2-Naphthyl- ( R.S)CH (Q H ) -C( Q )-Aze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-(2-naphthyl)glycolic acid (0.162 g; 0.8 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 266 mg (60%). LC-MS m/z 551 (M + l) + Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.18-7.91 (m, 16 H), 4.86-5.26 (m, 3 H), 4.05-4.60 (m, 3 H), 3.52-3.78 (m, 2 H), 2.24-2.73 (m, 2 H). (iii) 2-Naphthyl-fR.S)CH(OH)-CfO)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15 (iii) above from2-naphthyl-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.266 g; 0.48 mmol; from step (ii) above yielding 202 mg (88%). LC-MS m/z 417 (M + l) + Η 1H NNMMRR ((550000 M MHHzz;; CClD 3 OD): δ 7.28-7.96 (m, 11 H), 5.30-5.40 (m, 1 H), 3.954.82 (m, 5 H), 2.09-2.59 (m, 2 H). Example 32 3-Indolyl-CH,-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (i) 3-Indolyl-CH : -(R-S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pah(Z) s The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-3-(3-indolyl)lactic acid (0.21 g; 1.0 mmol) yielding 0.22 g (45%). 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1-): δ 6.57-7.80 (m, 14 H), 5.24 (s, 2 H), 4.59-4.83 (m, 1 H), 4.19-4.51 (m, 3 H), 3.69-3.99 (m, 2 H), 3.03-3.36 (m, 2 H), 2.31-2.56 (m, 2 H). 0 (ii) 3-IndoIyl-CH--(R.S)CH(OH)-CfO)-Aze-Pah x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from 3-indolyl-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.11 g; 0.20 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 75 mg (80%). 5 FAB-MS m/z 420 (M+ l) + • H NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.00-7.75 (m, 9 H), 4.61-4.71 (m, 1 H), 3.74^.51 (m, 5 H), 3.00-3.28 (m, 2 H), 1.95-2.42 (m, 2 H) l3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and 0 carbonyl carbons: δ 179.38, 176.19, 175.56, 173.06, 166.78. Example 33 (CH : )-CH-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The sub-title compoimd was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R)-2-hydroxyisovaleric acid (0.12 g; 1.0 mmol) yielding 68 mg (16%). Η NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 8.25-8.40 (t, NH), 7.15-7.90 (m, 9 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 4.85- 4.95 (m, 1 H), 4.30-4.55 (m, 2 H), 4.05-4.25 (m, 2 H), 3.75-3.90 (m, 1 H), 1.65-2.75 (m, 3 H), 0.70-1.05 (m, 6 H). s (ii) (CH a ),CH-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(iii) above from (CH 3 ) 2 CH-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.068 g; 0.15 mmol; froms step (i) above) yielding 13 mg (23%). 0 1H NMR (300 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.45-7.80 (m, 4 H), 4.85-5.25 (m, 1 H), 4.454.65 (m, 2 H), 4.304.40 (m, 1 H), 3.80-4.10 (m, 2 H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 1 H), 2.20-2.35 (m, 1 H), 1.90-2.05 (m, I H), 0.70-1.00 (m, 6 H). I3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: 182.37, 176.34, 175.38, 173.84, 173.26, 167.16. 5 Example 34 {CH^ 2 CH-(CH 2 ) 2 -(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc (i) (CH I )-CH-(CH 2 ) r (R.S)CHfOHVC(O)-Aze-P a h(Z) 0 The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-isoleucic acid (0.12 g; 0.88 mmol) yielding 0.15 g (36%). Η NMR (300 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.15-7.80 (m, 9 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 4.85-4.95 (m, 1 H), 4.35- 4.55 (m, 2 H), 3.85-4.20 (m, 3 H), 2.40-2.80 (m, 2 H), 1.75-2.10 (m, 1 H), 1.20-1.55 (m, 2 5 H), 0.75-1.00 (m, 6 H). (ϋ) {CH ) 2 CH-(CH 2 ) 2 -fR- SlCHf QHVCf QVAze-Pab x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from (CH 3 ) 2 CH-(CH 2 ) 2 -(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.13 g; 0.27 mmol; from 0 step (i) above) yielding 0.11 g (100%). Η NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.63-7.69 (m, 2 H), 7.37-7.46 (m, 2 H), 4.72-5.12 (m, 1 H), 4.40-4.46 (m, 2 H), 4.17-4.31 (m, 2 H), 3.90-4.02 (m, 1 H), 2.50-2.69 (m, 1 H), 2.11-2.27 (m, 1 H), 1.12-1.72 (m, 3 H), 0.61-0.85 (m, 6 H). ,3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 176.97, 176.80, 176.61, 176.19, 173.38, 173.28, 173.17, 173.10, 166.78, 182.02. Example 35 Ph(3-OH)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HCl (i) Boc-Pro-Pab(Z) x HCl The subtitle compound was prepared according to die method described in Example l(ii) from Boc-Pro-OH (10.2 g, 47.4 mmol) and added H-Pab(Z) x HCl (15.9 g, 49.8 mmol), yielding 21.74 g (95.5%) FAB-MS m/z 481 (M + l) + Η NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD) δ 8.0-7.8 (m, 2H), 7.5-7.25 (m, 7H), 5.17 (s, 2H) 4.6-4.15 (m, 3H), 3.6-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.3-2.1 (m, IH), 2.1-1.8 (m, 3H), 1.5-1.3 (two broad singlets, rotamers of Boc, 9H) (ϋ) H-Pro-Pab(Z) The subtitle compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(i) from Boc-Pro-Pab(Z) x HCl (from step (ii) above) followed by an alkaline extractive work up. (iii) Ph(3-OH)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-tide compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-3-hydroxymandelic acid (0.25 g; 1.5 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.63 g; 1.65mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 51 mg (6%) of the tide compound. FAB-MS m/z 531 (M + l) + (iv) Ph(3-OH)-(R.S)CHfOH)-C(O)-Pro-Pah x HCl The title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example l(v) above from Ph(3-OH)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.05 g; 0.094 mmol; from step (iii) above) yielding 30 mg (74%). FAB-MS m/z 397 (M + l) + 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.36, 175.13, 172.92, 167.13. Example 36 Phn.5-diOMe)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3.5-diQMe)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(ii) above from (R,S)-3,5-dimethoxymandelic acid (0.08 g; 0.38 mmol; prepared according to the method described in Synthesis (1974), 724) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.16 g; 0.42 mmol; see Example 35(H)) yielding 61 mg (28%). l H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.70-7.80 (t, NH), 7.08-7.50 (m, 9 H), 6.30-6.50 (m, 3 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 5.00-5.10 (m, 1 H), 4.254.70 (m, 3 H), 3.60-3.80 (m, 6 H), 3.35-3.55 (m, 1 H), 2.95-3.25 (m, 1 H), 1.70-2.25 (m, 4 H). (ii) Phn.S-diOMeWR.S)CH(OH)-C(O).Pro-Pah x HOAc The tide compound was prepared accordmg to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3,5-diOMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.06 g; 0.10 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 35 mg (72%). 1H NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.23-7.80 (m, 4 H), 6.41-6.65 (m, 3 H), 5.35-5.45 (m, 1 H), 4.354.60 (m, 3 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.10-3.75 (m, 5 H), 1.70-2.35 (m, 4 H). 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.28, 175.05, 174.03, 173.46, 172.80, 172.73, 167.11, 166.95. Example 37 Ph(3-OMe)-(R.S CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3-OMeWR.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-PabfZ) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die metiiod described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3-methoxymandelic acid (0.27 g; 1.5 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.57 g; 1.5 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 158 mg (20%). FAB-MS m/z 545 (M + l) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.77-7.84 (m, 2 H), 7.01-7.48 (m, 8 H), 6.80-6.91 (m, 3 H), 5.20-5.24 (m, 2 H), 5.06-5.11 (m, 1 H), 4.30-4.72 (m, 3 H), 3.68-3.79 (m, 3 H), 3.38-3.57 (m, 1 H), 2.91-3.17 (m, 1 H), 1.68-2.31 (m, 4 H). (ii) Ph(3-OMeV(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pah x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the metiiod described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3-OMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.06 g; 0.11 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 39 mg (75%). LC-MS m/z 411 (M + 1) + , 409 (M - 1) " ΗΗ NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz;; DD 22 OO)):: δδ 66..8811--77..8844 (m, 8 H), 5.47 (s, 1 H), 4.354.59 (m, 3 H), 3.60- 3.88 (m, 4 H), 3.07-3.29 (m, 1 H), 1.74-2.37 (m, 4 H). Example 38 Ph(3.4-(-O-CH : -O-))-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(OVAze-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3.4-(-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-A7.e-Pah(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol, prepared according to the method described in Synthesis (1974) 724) yielding 0.22 g (44%). Η NMR (400 MHz; acetone-d ): δ 6.68-8.12 (m, 12 H), 5.94-6.05 (m, 2 H), 5.18 (s, 2 H), 3.81-5.12 (m, 6 H), 2.30-2.54 (m, 2 H). (ii) Ph(3.4-(-O-CH 2 -Q-))-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3,4-(-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.11 g; 0.20 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 72 mg (76%). Η NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.64-7.80 (m, 7 H), 5.91-6.01 (m, 2 H), 4.80-5.24 (m, 2 H), 3.88-4.57 (m, 4 H), 2.11-2.84 (m, 2 H). 1 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 176.03, 175.70, 175.07, 174.82, 168.86. Example 39 Ph(3-OMe.4-OH)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3-OMe.4-OH)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(OVPro-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (0.40 g; 2.0 mmol) and H-Pro- Pab(Z) (0.76 g; 2.0 mmol; see Example 35(H)) yielding 132 mg (12%). FAB-MS m/z 561 (M + 1) + Η NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.62-7.84 (m, 12 H), 5.20-5.25 (m, 2 H), 4.15-5.08 (m, 3 H), 3.42-3.84 (m, 4 H), 2.91-3.25 (m, 1 H), 1.66-2.37 (m, 4 H). (H) Ph(3-QMe.4-QH)-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3-OMe,4-OH)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.048 g; 0.09 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 23 mg (55%). FAB-MS m/z 427 (M + l) + Η NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.72-7.83 (m, 7 H), 5.42 (s, 1 H), 4.38-4.68 (m, 3 H), 3.55- 4.10 (m, 4 H). 3.09-3.29 (m, 1 H), 1.72-2.37 (m, 4 H). 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O) amidine and carbonly carbons: δ 175.12, 173.25, 167.09. Example 40 Ph-(R.S)C(Et)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph-(R.S)C(Et)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-P a h(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl butanoic acid (0.36 g; 2.0 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.76 g; 2.0 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 57 mg (5%). FAB-MS m/z 543 (M + l) + 1 1HH NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz;; CCDDCCl1 33 ;): δ 7.24-7.88 (m, 14 H), 5.23 (s, 2 H), 4.44-4.81 (m, 3 H), 2.98-3.25 (m, 2 H), 1.49-2.32 (m, 6 H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 3 H). (ii) Ph-(R.S)C(Et)(OHVC(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc The tide compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(iH) above from Ph-(R,S)C(Et)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.055 g; 0.1 mmol; from step (i) above yielding was 34 mg (72%). FAB-MS m/z 409 (M + l) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ7.33-7.82 (m, 9 H), 4.38-4.60 (m, 3 H), 3.19-3.71 (m, 2 H), 1.54-2.34 (m, 6 H), 0.73-0.90 (m, 3 H). ,3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and s carbonyl carbons: δ 182.05, 176.42, 175.73, 175.59, 174.70, 174.47, 167.18. Example 41 Ph 3.5-diMe)-(R.S CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc o (i) (R.S)-3.5-Dimethylmandelic acid The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(i) above from 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (5.0 g; 37 mmol) yielding 2.8 g (42%). 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.05 (s, 2 H), 6.94 (s, 1 H), 5.04 (s, 1 H), 2.28 (s, 6 H). s (H) Ph(3.5-diMe)-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the metiiod described in Example 3(H) from (R,S)-3,5-dimethylmandelic acid (0.27 g; 1.5 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 0.403 g (51%). 0 FAB-MS m/z 529 (M + l) + 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.85-7.88 (m, 12 H), 5.22-5.26 (m, 2 H), 4.84-5.03 (m, 2 H), 4.434.62 (m, 2 H), 3.574.13 (m, 2 H), 2.25-2.74 (m, 8 H). (iii) Ph(3.5-diMeWR.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) from Ph(3,5-diMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.102 g; 0.194 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 74 mg (84%). FAB-MS m/z 395 (M + 1) + 1H-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.76-7..82 (m, 7 H), 4.80-5.27 (m, 2 H), 3.87-4.62 (m, 4 H), 2.20-2.87 (m, 8 H) ,3 C-NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 182.07, 175.60, 174.49, 174.37, 173.96, 173.23, 173.09, 173.05, s 172.93, 166.98, 166.90. Example 42 Ph(3-NH-)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc o (i) Phf3-NO 2 WR.S)CH(OH)-CfOVAze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) from (R,S)-3-nitromandelic acid (0.30 g; 1.5 mmol) yielding 0.40 g (48%). LC-MS m z 545 (M + l) + s l H NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.16-8.22 (m, 13 H), 5.18-5.23 (m, 2 H), 4.85-5.15 (m, 2 H), 4.08-4.60 (m, 3 H), 3.65-3.81 (m, 1 H), 2.31-2.71 (m, 2 H). (ii) Ph(3-NH 2 )-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc The tide compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(iii) 0 from Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O>Aze-Pab(Z) (0.102 g; 0.19 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 0.074 g (89%). LC-MS m z 382 (M + l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.58-7.82 (m, 8 H), 4.80-5.25 (m, 2 H), 3.60-4.60 (m, 4 H), 5 2.12-2.88 (m, 2 H) l3 C NMR (75:5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.96, 175.27, 174.25, 173.84, 173.19, 173.01, 166.93. 0 Example 43 Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc Anisole (0.030 g; 0.27 mmol) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.138 g; 0.92 mmol) was added to a mixture of Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.100 g; 0.18 mmol; see Example 42(i) above) and CH 2 C1 2 (10 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. H 2 O was added and die pH was adjusted to 9 witii Na 2 CO 3 /aq. The CH 2 C1 2 was removed in vacuo and die remaining H 2 O-layer was extracted witii diediylether (3 x 5 ml) followed by freeze drying. The crude product was subjected to preparative RPLC yielding 62 mg (60%) of die tide compound after freeze drying. 1H NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.38-8.31 (m, 8 H), 4.83-5.50 (m, 2 H), 4.03-4.57 (m, 4 H), 2.17-2.86 (m, 2 H) l3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.5, 173.84, 173.39, 173.15, 173.04, 172.96, 172.80, 166.85. Example 44 Ph(3-NH 2 )-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3-NO 2 HR.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) from (R,S)-3-nitromandelic acid (0.30 g; 1.5 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.75 g; 1.65mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 0.61 g (73%). LC-MS m z 560 (M + l) + Η Η--NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz;; CCDDCC1 3 ): δ 7.26-8.23 (m, 13 H), 5.20-5.28 (m 3 H), 4.334.73 (m, 3 H), 3.46-3.68 (m, 1 H), 2.92-3.14 (m, 1 H), 1.79-2.33 (m, 4 H) (ii) Ph(3-NH 2 )-(R.S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15 (iii) from Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.104 g; 0.19 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 64 mg (76%). LC-MS m/z 396 (M + l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.74-7.82 (m, 8 H), 5.34-5.40 (m, 1 H), 4.35-4.58 (m, 3 H), 3.09-3.78 (m, 2 H), 1.75-2.35 (m, 4 H) ,3 C-NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 182.04, 175.38, 175.18, 173.12, 173.04, 167.07 Example 45 Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R or S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 43 from Ph(3-NO 2 MR,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.117 g; 0.21 mmol; see Example 44(i) above). Some fractions were concentrated to give 23 mg (45%) of a compound witii a diastereomeric ratio of >99:1. LC-MS m/z 424 (M - 1) * ; 426 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.31-8.35 (m, 8 H), 5.50-5.71 (m, 1 H), 3.64-4.57 (m, 4 H), 3.24-3.32 (m, 1 H), 1.76-2.42 (m, 4 H) 1 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.21, 173.98, 172.58, 172.18, 167.12, 166.82 (Earlier fractions were concentrated to give 22 mg (43%) of the epimer of the above compound with a diastereomeric ratio of >99:1). Example 46 Ph(3.4-(-O.CH 2 -O-))-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pah x HCl (i) Ph(3.4-f-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R.S)CH(OHVC(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol, prepared according to the method described in Synthesis (1974) 724) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.35 g; 0.91 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 80 mg (16%). FAB-MS m/z 559 (M + l) + 1H-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.69-7.89 (m, 12 H), 5.91-6.04 (m, 2 H), 4.30-5.28 (m, 2 H), 3.00-3.61 (m, 6 H), 1.95-2.35 (m, 4 H). (H) Ph(3,4-f- Q -CH 2 - Q -)HR.S ) CH (Q H ) -CfO)-Pro-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) above from Ph(3,4-(-O-CH 2 -O-)>(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.08 g; 0.14 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 48 mg (73%). FAB-MS m/z 425 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.81-7.85 (m, 7 H), 5.90-6.05 (m, 2 H), 5.33-5.44 (m, 1 H), 4.374.90 (m, 3 H), 3.62-3.77 (m, IH), 3.13-3.28 (m, 1 H), 1.80-2.36 (m, 4 H) l3 C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.37, 175.09, 173.66, 173.08, 173.00, 167.03. Example 47 Ph(3.5-diF)-(R_S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph(3.5-diF)-(R S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-P_ιh(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die metiiod described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3,5-difluoromandelic acid (0.28 g; 1.5 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.75 g; 1.65 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 0.42 g (51%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M - IV; 551 ( M + 1) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.72-7.84 (m, 12 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 5.08 (s, 1 H), 4.344.73 (m, 3 H), 3.41-3.60 (m, 1 H), 2.96-3.19 (m, 1 H), 1.80-2.34 (m, 4 H) (ii) Ph(3.5-diF)-(R.S)CHfOH)-C(O)-Pro-P__h x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph(3 ,5-diF)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.104 g; 0.19 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 79 mg (88%). LC-MS m z 415 (M - 1) " ; 417 (M + 1) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 6.86-7.80 (m, 7 H), 5.50 (s, 1 H), 3.58-4.72 (m, 4 H), 3.19- 3.32 (m, 1 H), 1.80-2.37 (m, 4 H). C NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.87, 175.21, 174.98, 174.12, 172.57, 172.12, 171.97, 167.10, 165.24. Example 48 Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(OH)-CH 2 OH)-C(OVAze-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)OBn (R)-Mandelic acid (3.0 g, 19.7 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (50 ml) and cesium carbonate (3.21 g, 9.86 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted witii H 2 O (200ml) and die H 2 O-layer was extracted widi EtOAc. After separation the organic layer was washed with NaCl/aq, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated. The yield of the sub-tide compound was 4.2 g (88%). LC-MS m/z 265 (M + Na) + 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.17-7.44 (m, 10 H), 5.12-5.27 (m, 3 H) (ii) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -CH=CH 2 VC(O)OBn A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)OBn (1.0 g; 4.13 mmol; from step (i) above), magnesium sulphate (0.1 g; 0.83 mmol) and silver (I) oxide (2.58 g; 11.2 mmol) in petroleum ether (bp 40-60°C; 25 ml) was stirred at room temperature in nitrogen atmosphere and darkness. Allyl bromide (0.75 g; 6.19 mmol) was added dropwise followed by silver (I) oxide (2.58 g; 11.2 mmol) in two portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was subsequently filtered through celite and d e filtrate was evaporated yielding 1.143 g (98%) of die sub-title compound. Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.50 (m, 10 H), 5.89-5.99 (m, 1 H), 5.09-5.31 (m, 4 H), 4.99 (s, 1 H), 4.03-4.11 (m, 2 H). (iii) Ph-(R)CH(Q-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(QH)-CH 2 QH)-C(Q)QBn A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -CH=CH 2 )-C(O)OBn (0.74 g; 2.62 mmol; from step (ii) above), N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (0.425 g; 3.15 mmol) and osmium tetroxide (0.0027 g; 0.01 mmol) in H 2 O:acetone (2:1; 10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. Sodium pyrosulfite (1.5 g; 7.89 mmol) was added and die mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was subsequently filtered through celite and die filtrate was evaporated. The yield of die sub-title compound was 0.51 g (62%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.16-7.44 (m, 10 H), 5.09-5.20 (m, 2 H), 4.96 (s, 1 H), 3.55-3.97 (m, 5 H). (iv) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)OBn Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(OH)-CH 2 OH)-C(O)OBn (0.51 g; 1.61 mmol; from step (iii) above) was dissolved in acetone (20 ml). p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.007 g, 0.037 mmol) was added and die mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. s Potassium carbonate (0.09 g) was added and die reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was subsequently filtered through celite and die filtrate was evaporated yielding 0.559 g (97%) of the sub-title compound. Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.18-7.48 (m, 10 H), 5.01-5.21 (m, 3 H), 4.274.40 (m, 1 0 H), 4.02-4.11 (m, 1 H), 3.76-3.90 (m, 1 H), 3.49-3.67 (m, 2 H), 1.34-1.41 (m, 6 H) (v) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH r (R.S)CH(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)OH Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)OBn (0.183 g; 0.51 mmol; from step (iv) above) was dissolved in ethanol (10 ml). Pd/C (5%; 0.09 g) was added and the s reaction mixture was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 1 h. The mixture was subsequently filtered through celite and the filtrate was evaporated yielding 0.137 g (100%) of the sub-title compound. LC-MS m/z 265 (M - l) " 0 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.28-7.48 (m, 5 H), 4.97 (s, 1 H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 1 H), 4.01-4.09 (m, 1 H), 3.72-3.84 (m, 1 H), 3.43-3.65 (m, 2 H), 1.30-1.37 (m, 6 H) (vi) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(-O-C(CH^l 2 -Q-CH 2 -))-C(Q)-Aze-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) 5 above from Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -) C(O)OH (0.165 g; 0.62 mmol; from step (v) above) yielding 0.20 g (52%). LC-MS m/z 613 (M - IV; 615 (M + 1) + Η Η--NNMMRR ((550000 MMHHzz;; CCDDCC11 33 )):: δδ 77..2222--77..88 (m, 14 H), .' .2 (s, 2 H), 4.87-4.95 (m, 2 H), 0 3.40-4.54 (m, 9 H), 2.36-2.76 (m, 2 H), 1.22-1.42 (m, 6 H). (vii) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R.S) CH(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 15(iii) above from Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.20 g; 0.325 mmol; from step (vi) above) yielding 179 mg (100%). LC-MS m/z 479 (M - 1) " , 481 (M + 1) + 1H-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.33-7.80 (m, 9 H), 4.81-5.31 (m, 2 H), 3.94-4.59 (m, 6 H), 3.25-3.80 (m, 3 H), 2.16-2.88 (m, 2 H), 1.29-1.44 (πi, 6 H) ,3 C-NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.99, 173.12, 172.93, 172.18, 166.84. (viii) Ph-(R)CH(Q-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(OH)-CH 2 QH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (0.094 g; 0.17 mmol; from step (vii) above) was dissolved in HOAc:H 2 O (4:1; 10 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in H 2 O and freeze dried. The yield of the title compound was 85 mg (100%). LC-MS m/z 439 (M - 1) " ; 441 (M + 1) + 1H-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.32-7.78 (m, 9 H), 4.81-5.28 (m, 2 H), 3.28-4.56 (m, 9 H), 2.15-2.90 (m, 2 H) 1 C-NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 179.14, 172.93, 172.89, 172.51, 171.96, 166.54. Example 49 Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(OH)-CH 2 OH)-C(OVPro-Pab x HOAc (i) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 (R.S)CH(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)VC(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(H) above from Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 (R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -) C(O)OH (0.108 g; 0.4 mmol; see Example 48(v) above) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.202g; 0.46 mmol; see Example 35(H) above), yielding 0.10 g (40%). LC-MS m/z 627 (M - 1) ' ; 629 (M + 1) + ; 651 (M + Na) + s Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.23-7.87 (m, 14 H), 5.03-5.27 (m, 3 H), 3.34-4.64 (m, 10 H), 1.71-2.39 (m, 4 H), 1.23-1.41 (m, 6 H) (ii) Ph-(R)CH(Q-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(-Q-C(CH 3 ) 2 -Q-CH 2 -))-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HQAc The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example o 15(iii) above from Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.1 OOg; 0.159 mmol; from step (i) above yielding 85 mg (96%). LC-MS m/z 493 (M - 1) " , 495 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (500 MHz, D 2 O): 7.30-7.82 (m, 9 H), 5.22-5.38 (m, 1 H), 4.32-4.62 (m, 4 H), s 4.01-4.11 (m, 1 H), 3.22-3.83 (m, 5 H), 1.78-2.22 (m, 4 H), 1.33-1.44 (m, * 6 H) l3 C-NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 181.47, 174.74, 173.53, 171.64, 171.50, 171.00, 170.94, 166.58. (iii) Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R.S)CH(OH)-CH 2 OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc 0 The title compound was prepared according to die metiiod described in Example 48(viii) above from Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (0.038 g; 0.069 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 35 mg (98%). LC-MS m/z 453 (M - 1) ' ; 455 (M + 1) + 5 Η-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.30-7.82 (m, 9 H), 5.20-5.38 (m, 1 H), 3.184.60 (m, 10 H), 1.70-2.38 (m, 4 H) l3 C-NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 180.26, 174.74, 173.47, 171.80, 171.26, 166.61. 0 Example 50 Ph-(R or S)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH r )-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc and Ph-(S or R)C(-O-C(CH 1 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -VC(O)-A7e-P a h x HOAc (i) Ph.(R.S)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -VC(O)OH The sub-tide compound was prepared analogously to the metiiod described in Example 48(iv) above from α-hydroxytropic acid (3.5 g; 20.35 mmol; prepared according to Gudirie et al., Can. J. Chem. (1991) 69, 1904) yielding 3.37 g (74%). Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.30-7.65 (m, 5 H), 4.95 (d, 1 H), 4.10 (d, 1 H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3 H). (ii) Ph-(R. S)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-P a h(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) above from Ph-(R, S)C(-_O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O--CH )-C(O)OH (0.25 g; 1.12 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 0.30 g (53%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.90 (m, 14 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 3.70-5.10 (m, 7 H), 2.15-2.75 (m, 2 H), 1.40-1.65 (m, 6 H). (iii) Ph-(R or S)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-P a b x HOAc and Ph-(S or R)C(-O-C(CH 1 V,-O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-A7 e -P a h x HOAc A mixture of Ph-(R, S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.30 g; 0.53 mmol; from step (ii) above), ammonium formate (0.30 g, 4.76 mmol), formic acid (3 drops) and Pd/C (5%, 0.30 g) in methanol (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and die filtrate was evaporated. The crude product (0.29 g) was subjected to preparative RPLC. Some fractions were concentrated to give 80 mg (35%) of compound 50A with a diastereomeric ratio >99:1. Later fractions were concentrated to give 80 mg (35%) of compound 50B widi a diastereomeric ratio of 98:2. Compound 50A: LC-MS m/z 437 (M + l) + 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD ): δ 7.28-7.85 (m, 9 H), 3.704.95 (m, 7 H), 2.10-2.55 (m, 2 H), 1.55 (s, 3 H), 1.50 (s, 3 H) Compound 50B: LC-MS m/z 437 (M + l) + 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD ): δ 7.25-7.80 (m, 9 H), 3.70-5.00 (m, 7 H), 2.25-2.45 (m, 2 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H), 1.48 (s, 3 H). Example 51 Ph-(R or S)C(OH)(CH 2 OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HCl and Ph-(S or R)C(OH)(CH 2 OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HCl (i) Ph-(R or S)C(OH)(CH 2 OH)-C(O)-A7e-P a b x HCl Ph-(R or S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (0.060 g; 0.12mmol; compound 50 A from Example 50 above) was dissolved in acetic acid (4 ml) and H 2 O (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight followed by stirring at 90°C for 6 h. HCl (cone; 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. The acetic acid and HCl were removed in vacuo in die presence of toluene and EtOH and the residue was dissolved in H 2 O (4 ml) and freeze dried. The crude product was subjected to preparative RPLC to give 9 mg (16%) of the title compound. LC-MS m/z 395 (M - 1) " , 397 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.20-7.85 (m, 9 H), 3.904.70 (m, 5 H), 3.30-3.70 (m, 2 H), 2.00-2.65 (m, 2 H) (H) Ph-(S or R)C(OH)(CH 2 OHVC(O)-Aze-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in step (i) above from Ph-(S or R)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-Pab x HOAc (0.060 g; 0.12mmol; compound 50B from Example 50 above) yielding 22 mg (40%). LC-MS m/z 397 (M + l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.20-7.85 (m, 9 H), 3.904.75 (m, 6 H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.50 (m, 2 H). Example 52 Ph-(R or S)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(OVPro-Pab x HOAc and Ph-(S or R)C(-Q-C(CH^ 2 -Q-CH 2 -)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HQAc (i) Ph-(R.S)C(-O-C(CH 1 V,-O-CH 2 -)-CfO)-Pro-PahfZ) The sub-title compound was prepared according tothe method described in Example 3(H) above from Ph-(R,S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)OH (0.25 g; 1.12 mmol; see Example 50(i) above) yielding 0.19 g (32%). FAB-MS m/z 585 (M + l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.95 (m, 14 H), 5.25 (s, 2 H), 5.10-5.20 (m, 1 H), 4.324.70 (m, 3 H), 3.65-3.95 (m, 2 H), 3.00-3.25 (m, 1 H), 1.30-2.35 (m, 10 H). (ii) Ph-(R or S)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc and Ph-(S or R)C(-O-C(CH 2 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Pro-Pah x HOAc The tide compounds were prepared according to he method described in Example 50(iii) above from Ph-{R,S)C(-O-C(CH 3 VO-CH 2 - C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.37 g; 0.63 mmol; from step (i) above). Some fractions were concentrated to give 120 mg of compound 52A witii a diastereomeric ratio >99: 1. Later fractions were concentrated to give 120 mg of compound 52B with a diastereomeric ratio of 98:2. Compound 52A: LC-MS m/z 451 (M + l) + • H-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.25-7.80 (m, 9 H), 4.35-5.05 (m, 4 H), 3.80-3.95 (m, 1 H), 3.60-3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.00-3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.10-2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.75-1.90 (m, 3 H), 1.55 (s, 3 H), 1.45 (s, 3H). Compound 52B: LC-MS m/z 451 (M + l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.25-7.80 (m, 9 H), 4.40-5.10 (m, 4 H), 3.30-3.80 (m, 3 H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 4 H), 1.50-1.55 (m, 6 H) Example 53 Ph-(R or S)C(OH)(CH 2 OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HCl and Ph-(S or R)C(OH)(CH 2 OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HCl (i) Ph-(R or S)C(OH)(CH 2 OH)-C(O)-Pro-P a h x HCl The title compound was prepared according to d e method described in Example 51 (i) above from Ph-(R or S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (0.060 g; 0.12 mmol; compound 52A from Example 52 above) yielding 2 mg (2%). LC-MS m/z 409 (M - 1) " , 411 (M + 1) + Η 'H--NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz;; CCDD 33 OODD)):: δδ 77..2200--77.85 (m, 9 H), 4.404.60 (m, 3 H), 4.05-4.30 (m, 1 H), 2.95-3.90 (m, 3 H), 1.60-2.20 (m, 4 H). (H) P - S or R)C(OHYCH 2 OH)-C(O Pro-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to die metiiod described in Example 51 (i) above from Ph-(S or R)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HOAc (0.060 g; 0.12 mmol; compound 52B from Example 52 above) yielding 1 mg (1%). LC-MS m/z 409 (M - 1) ' , 411 (M + 1) + 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.25-7.85 (m,9 H), 4.40-4.65 (m, 3 H), 4.05-4.20 (m, 1 H), 3.25-3.75 (m, 3 H), 1.40-2.20 (m, 4 H). Example 54 s Ph-(R)C(Me)(OH)-C(O).Pro-Pab x HCl (i) Ph-(R)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-tide compound was prepared according to die metiiod described in Example 3(H) above from (R)-(-)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (0.20 g; 1.2 mmol) and H-Pro- o Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.50 g; 1.1 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 0.13 g (22%). 1H-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.18-7.87 (m, 14 H), 5.25 (s, 2 H), 4.37-4.61 (m, 3 H), 3.03-3.19 (m, 2 H), 1.50-2.17 (m, 7 H) s (ii) Ph-(R)C(Me)(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared analogously to the metiiod described in Example l(v) above from Ph-(R)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.13 g; 0.25 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 94 mg (89%). 0 FAB-MS m/z 395 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.37-7.91 (m, 9 H), 4.334.61 (m, 3 H), 3.15-4.01 (m, 2 H), 1.72-2.33 (m, 7 H) l3 C-NMR (75.5 MHz; D O; complicated due to rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: 176.06, 175.49, 174.88, 166.90 5 0 Example 53 Ph-fS)C(Me)(OH)-C(OVPro-Pab x HCl (i) Ph-(S)C(MeXQH -C(Q)-Pro-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) above from (S)-(+)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (0.20 g; 1.2 mmol) and H-Pro- Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.50 g; 1.1 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 0.19 g (33%). 1H-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.77 (m, 14 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 4.53-4.58 (m, 1 H), 4.324.44 (m, 2 H), 3.13-3.38 (m, 2 H), 1.53-2.04 (m, 7 H). (ii) Ph-(S)C(Me)(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example l(v) above from Ph-(S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.12 g; 0.23 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 80 mg (82%). FAB-MS m/z 395 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.35-7.84 (m, 9 H), 4.47-4.63 (m, 3 H), 3.30-3.70 (m, 2 H), 1.60-2.29 (m, 7 H). C-NMR (75.5 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 175.58, 175.23, 174.79, 167.07. Example 56 Ph(3.4-diF)-(R_S)CH(QH)-C(Q)-Pro-Pab x HCl (i) Ph(3.4-diF)-(R.S)CHfOH)-C(O)-Pro-Pah(Z) The sub-tide compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3,4-difluoromandelic acid (0.20 g; 1.06 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.53 g; 1.17 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 445 mg (76%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M - 1) " ; 551 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.98-7.74 (m, 12 H), 5.16-5.21 (m, 2 H), 5.06-5.01 (m, 1 H), 4.224.56 (m, 3 H), 3.32-3.58 (m, 1 H), 2.88-3.12 (m, 1 H), 1.70-2.12 (m, 4 H). s (ii) Ph(3.4-diF)-(R.S)CHfOH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example l(v) above from Ph(3,4-diF)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.175 g; 0.31 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 127 mg (88%). 0 LC-MS m/z 417 (M + l) + 1H-NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.11-7.86 (m, 7 H), 5.37 (s, 1 H), 4.36-5.00 (m, 4 H), 3.66-3.78 (m, 1 H), 1.80-2.31 (m, 4 H) l3 C-NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 174.66, 174.40, 171.96, 171.82, 166.48. S Example 57 Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)-P a h x HOAc (i) Boc-(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)-QCH 3 0 A mixture of Boc-(R,S)Pic(4-hydroxy)-OCH 3 (1.1 g; 4.25 mmol; prepared according to Gillard et al., J. Org. Chem., (1996) 61, 2226), PCC (1.8 g; 8.5 mmol) and molecular sieves (powdered; 3 A; 1.0 g) in CH 2 C1 2 (20 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Diethyl ether (60 ml) was added and die reaction mixture was filtered through a short silica gel column eluted witii EtOAc.Ηexane (1:1). The filtrate was evaporated yielding 1.0 g 5 (92%) of the sub-title compound. FAB-MS m/z 258 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 4.75-5.20 (m, 1 H), 3.554.15 (m, 5 H), 2.40-2.90 (m, 4 H), 1.30-1.65 (m, 9 H) (H) H-(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)-QCH 1 Boc-(R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-OCH 3 (0.48g; 1.87 mmol; from step (i) above) was treated witii trifluoroacetic acid in CH 2 C1 2 (50%, 4 ml) at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in CH 2 C1 2 , washed with Na 2 CO 3 /aq, dried (K 2 CO 3 ) and evaporated. The yield of die sub-tide compound was 0.23 g (78%). Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 3.65-3.80 (m, 4 H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 1 H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1 H), 2.30-2.70 (m, 4 H). (iii) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)- CH 2 The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to d e metiiod described in Example 3(H) above from H-(R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-OCH 3 (0.22 g; 1.4 mmol; from step (ii) above) and Ph- (R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)OH (0.372 g; 1.4 mmol; prepared according to the method described in Hamada et al J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) lll 669) yielding 288 mg (51%). FAB-MS m/z 406 (M + l) + 1H-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.50 (m, 5 H), 5.25-5.70 (m, 2 H), 4.15-4.75 (m, IH), 3.20-3.80 (m, 4 H), 2.00-2.90 (m, 3 H), 1.30-1.65 (m,l H), 0.85-1.15 (m,9 H), 0.10-0.35 (m, 6 H). (iv) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(OV(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)-OH A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-OCH 3 (0.28 g; 0.69 mmol; from step (Hi) above) and a solution of lithium hydroxide (2 M, 10 ml) in THF (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The THF was removed in vacuo, the residue was acidified (pH 2) witii KHSO 4 (2 M) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed witii H 2 O, dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated. The yield of die sub-tide compound was 0.24 g (89%). FAB-MS m/z 392 (M + 1 ) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.20-7.55 (m, 5 H), 5.15-5.75 (m, 2 H), 4.10-4.30 (m, 1 H), 3.20-3.80 (m, 1 H), 2.05-3.00 (m, 4 H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 1 H), 0.90-1.05 (m, 9 H), 0.10-0.25 (m, 6 H) s (v) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)-Pah(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 1(H) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-OH (0.227 g; 0.58 mmol; from step (iv) above) yielding 92 mg (24%). o FAB-MS m/z 657 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.90-7.90 (m, 14 H), 5.10-5.80 (m, 4 H), 3.60-4.70 (m, 3 H), 2.10-3.20 (m, 4 H), 1.40-1.70 (m,l H), 0.80-1.10 (m, 9 H), 0.00-0.25 (m, 6 H). (vi) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-rR.S)Pic(4-oxo)-Pab(Z) s The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the metiiod described in step (ii) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-Pab(Z) (0.09 g; 0.14 mmol; from step (v) above) yielding 61 mg (82%). FAB-MS m/z 543 (M + l) + 0 Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 6.95-7.90 (m, 14 H), 5.00-5.55 (m, 4 H), 3.95-4.70 (m, 2 H), 3.20-3.70 (m, 2 H), 1.20-2.80 (m, 4 H) (vii) Ph-(R)CHfOH)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-oxo)-Pah x HOAc The tide compound was prepared according to the metiiod described in Example 15(iH) 5 above from Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-Pab(Z) (0.061 g; 0.11 mmol; from step (vi) above) yielding 46 mg (90%). LC-MS m/z 407 (M - 1) " ; 409 (M + 1) + Η Η--NNMMRR ((440000 MMHHzz;; DD 22 OO)):: δδ 77..2200--77..885 (m, 9 H), 5.00-5.80 (m, 2 H), 4.354.55 (m, 2 H), 0 3.404.05 (m, 2 H), 1.80-3.10 (m, 4 H) Example 58 Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R or S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab x HOAc and Ph-(R)CH(QH)-C(QMS or R)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab x HQAc (i) Boc-(R.S)Pic(4-methyleneVOCH 2 Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (2.68 g; 7.5 mmol) was dried under vacuum for 20 minutes and was tiien suspended witii dry THF (20 ml) at 0°C. Butyllithium d .6 N in hexane; 4.7 ml; 7.5 mmol) was added dropwise and die mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C and Boc- (R,S)Pic(4-oxo)-OCH 3 (1.3 g; 5.0 mmol; see Example 57(i) above) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 30 minutes followed by 2 h at room temperature. Ammonium chloride was added to d e reaction mixture and after separation the H 2 O-layer was extracted twice with diediyl ether. The combined organic layer was dried and evaporated to give a crude product which was purified by flash chromatography eluting with EtOAc:Hexane (30:70) to give 480 mg (37%) of the sub-title compound. FAB-MS m/z 256 (M + l) + 1H NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 4.70-5.10 (m, 3 H), 3.954.15 (m, 1 H), 3.70 (s, 3 H), 2.10- 3.10 (m, 5 H), 1.35-1.60 (m, 9 H). (H) H-(R.S)Pic(4-methylene)-OCH 3 Boc-(R,S)Pic(4-methylene)-OCH 3 (0.48 g; 1.88 mmol; from step (i) above) was treated witii trifluoroacetic acid (50% in CH 2 C1 2 , 6 ml) at room temperature for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in CH 2 C1 2 , washed witii Na CO 3 (saturated), dried (K 2 CO 3 ) and evaporated. The yield of die sub-tide compound was 0.27 g (95%). Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDCI 3 ): δ 4.70-4.85 (m, 2 H), 3.75 (m, 3 H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 2 H), 2.10-2.30 (m, 3 H) (iii) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-methv e n e )-OCH 1 The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 3(H) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)OH (0.37 g; 1.4 mmol; prepared according to die method described in Hamada et al J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) lll, 669) and H- (R,S)Pic(4-methylene)-OCH 3 (0.21 g; 1.4 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 0.283 g FAB-MS m/z 404 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.25-7.55 (m, 5 H), 5.15-5.70 (m, 2 H), 4.20-4.85 (m, 3 H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 3 H), 1.90-3.20 (m, 5 H), 0.90-1.10 (m, 9 H), 0.10-0.30 (m, 6 H). (iv) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMSVC(OV(R.S)Pic(4- m ethylene)-OH The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 57(iv) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(OMR,S)Pic(4-methylene)-OCH 3 (0.28 g; 0.69 mmol; from step (iii) above) yielding 0.24 g (89%). FAB-MS m/z 390 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.15-7.50 (m, 5 H), 5.15-5.95 (m, 2 H), 3.55-5.00 (m, 3 H), 1.75-3.25 (m, 5 H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 9 H), 0.10-0.25 (m, 6 H). (v) Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-methylene)-PabfZ) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 3(H) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-methylene)-OH (0.235 g; 0.6 mmol; from step (iv) above) and H-Pab(Z) x HCl (0.211 g; 0.66 mmol) yielding 0.124 g -0 OJ. FAB-MS m/z 655 (M + l) + Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.10-7.90 (m, 14 H), 5. . " >-5.70 (m, 4 H), 4.10-5.05 (m, 4 H), 1.75-3.05 (m, 6 H), 0.80-1.10 (m, 9 H), 0.00-0.25 (m, 6 H). (vi) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R.S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 57(vi) above from Ph-(R)CH(OTBDMS)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab(Z) (0.08 g; 0.12 mmol; from step (v) above) yielding 0.06 g (91 %). LC-MS m/z 541 (M + l) + 1H-NMR (500 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.15-7.90 (m, 14 H), 5.20-5.80 (m, 4 H), 4.354.90 (m, 4 H), 3.70-4.15 (m, 1 H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 1 H), 1.10-2.90 (m, 4 H). (vii) Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R or S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab x HOAc and Ph-(R)CH(OH)-Cf O)-(S or R)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab x HOAc A mixture of Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab(Z) (0.035 g; 0.065 mmol; from step (vi) above), ammonium acetate (0.50 g, 7.4 mmol) and imidazole (0.20 g; 3.0 mmol) in methanol (5 ml) was stirred at 60°C overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was subjected to preparative RPLC. Some fractions were concentrated to give 1.8 mg of compound 58B. Later fractions were concentrated to give 7 mg of compound 58 A. Compound 58A: LC-MS m/z 405 (M - 1) " ; 407 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.15-7.80 (m, 9 H), 5.65-5.70 (m, 1 H), 4.80-5.25 (m, 1 H), 4.454.60 (m, 2 H), 3.60-4.00 (m, 2 H), 1.30-3.30 (m, 6 H). Compound 58B: LC-MS m/z 407 (M + l) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.30-7.80 (m, 9 H), 5.45-5.75 (m, 1 H), 4.80-5.20 (m, 1 H), 4.354.70 (m, 3 H), 3.75-3.90 (m, 1 H), 1.70-3.05 (m, 6 H) Example 59 Ph(3-Cl)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(OVAze-Pah x HOAc (i) (R.S)-3-Ch oromandelic acid The sub-title compound was prepared according to die method described in Example 15(i) above from 3-chlorobenzaldehyde (7.03 g; 50 mmol) yielding 2 g (21%). LC-MS m/z 185 (M - 1) " , 370 (2M - 1) ' 1H NMR (400 MHz; CD 3 OD): δ 7.28-7.51 (m, 4 H), 5.14 (s, 1 H). (H) Ph(3-Cn-fR.S)CH(QH -C(Q)-Aze-Pab(Z The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3-chloromandelic acid (0.149 g; 0.8 mmol; from step (i) above) yielding 0.30 g (70%). Η-NMR (500 MHz; CDC1 3 ): δ 7.08-7.84 (m, 13 H), 5.18-5.24 (m, 2 H), 4.86-5.01 (m, 2 H), 4.02-4.56 (m, 3 H), 3.57-3.76 (m, 1 H), 2.30-2.72 (m, 2 H). (Hi) Ph 3-ClHR.S)CHfQH)-C(Q)-Aze-Pab x HQAc The title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 43 above from Ph(3-Cl)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab(Z) (0.10 g; 0.19 mmol; from step (ii) above) yielding 55 mg (63%). LC-MS m/z 399 (M - 1) ' , 401 (M + 1) + Η-NMR (400 MHz; D 2 O): δ 7.10-7.85 (m, 8 H), 4.82-5.37 (m, 2 H), 3.96-4.79 (m, 4 H), 2.14-2.85 (m, 2 H) ,3 C NMR (100.6 MHz; D 2 O; complicated due to diastereomers/rotamers) amidine and carbonyl carbons: δ 174.00, 173.17, 172.83, 172.61, 166.59. Example 60 Ph(3-C1.4-OH)-(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-P a h x HCl (i) Ph(3-C1.4-OH)-(R-S)CH(OH)-C(OVPro-P a h(Z) The sub-title compound was prepared according to the method described in Example 3(H) above from (R,S)-3-chloro-4-hydroxymandelic acid (0.25 g; 1.23 mmol) and H-Pro-Pab(Z) x 2 HCl (0.615 g; 1.35 mmol; see Example 35(H) above) yielding 382 mg (55%). LC-MS m z 564 (M - l) * 1 1HH--NNMMRR ((440000 M MHHzz;; CCDD 3 OD): δ 6.80-7.85 (m, 12 H), 5.16-5.25 (m, 3 H), 4.354.51 (m, 3 H), 3.45-3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.07-3.42 (m, 1 H), 1.72-2.18 (m, 4 H). 13 C NMR (100.6 MHz; CD 3 OD; complicated due to diastereomers/π carbonyl carbons: δ 174.62, 174.27, 173.02, 172.88, 170.41, 165.04. (ii) Ph(3-C1.4-OH -(R.S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab x HCl The title compound was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 43 above from Ph(3-Cl,4-OH)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab(Z) (0.10 g; 0.177 mmol; from step (i) above), trifluoroacetic acid (3.7 ml; 48 mmol) and thioanisole (1.04 ml; 8.85 mmol) yielding 57 mg (70%). LC-MS m z 431 (M + l) + 1H 1H NNMMRR ((550000 MMHHzz;; DD 22 OO:: δ 6.84-7.86 (m, 7 H), 5.29-5.42 (m, 1 H), 4.304.68 (m, 3 H), 3.05-4.05 (m, 2 H), 1.70-2.37 (m, 4 H). Example 6 The title compounds of Examples 1 to 60 were tested in Test A above and were all found to exhibit an 1C 50 TT value of less than 0.3μM. PCC = pyridinium chlorochromate HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography Me = methyl Ph = phenyl RPLC = reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography Su = succinimide TBDMS = tert-butyldimethylsilyl TBTU = [N,N,N , ^r-tetramethyl-O-(benzotriazol- 1 -yl)uronium tetrafluoroborate] THF = tetrahydrofuran THP= tetrahydropyranyl TMS= trimethylsilyl WSCI= water soluble carbodiimide Z = benzyloxycarbonyl Prefixes n, s, i and t have their usual meanings: normal, iso, secondary and tertiary. The stereochemistry for the amino acids is by default (S) if not od erwise stated.

Claims: Claims 1. A compound of formula I, wherein p and q independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R 1 represents H, 2,3-epoxypropyl, C^ alkyl (which latter group is optionally substituted or terminated by one or more hydroxy group), a structural fragment of formula la wherein A 1 represents a single bond or C alkylene and R x represents H or C alkyl, provided tiiat there are no more than six carbon atoms in the chain or, when p represents 0, together with R represents a structural fragment of formula lb, wherein R y represents H or C,. 3 alkyl; R 2 represents H, Si(Me) 3 , naphdiyl, indolyl, CHR^R 22 or C alkyl (which latter group is optionally substituted or terminated by one or more fluorine or hydroxy group) or C 3-g cycloalkyl or phenyl (which latter two groups are optionally substituted by one or more of C__ 4 alkyl, C alkoxy, halo, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, methylenedioxy, trifluoromethyl, N^R 23 , C(O)OR 2 ), or, when p represents 0, together witii R 1 represents a structural fragment of formula lb; R 3 represents H, Si(Me) 3 , naphthyl, indolyl, CHR^R 26 or C^ alkyl (which latter group is optionally substituted or terminated by one or more fluorine or hydroxy group) or C 3 _g cycloalkyl or phenyl (which latter two groups are optionally substituted by one or more of C alkyl, C alkoxy, halo, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, methylenedioxy, trifluoromethyl, NtT jR^ or OjOR 28 ); R 21 , R 22 , R and R independently represent cyclohexyl or phenyl; R 23 and R 27 independently represent H, C alkyl or C(O)R 29 ; R 24 , R 8 and R independently represent H or C M alkyl; R 4 represents H or C alkyl; Y represents C,_ 3 alkylene optionally substituted by C alkyl, hydroxy, metiiylene or oxo; n represents 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa, IVb or IVc IVa IVb IVc wherein R 5 represents H, halo or C alkyl; and X 1 and X 2 independentiy represent a single bond or CH 2 ; provided tiiat when R , R and R 4 all represent H, p represents 0, Y represents (CH_ι) 2 , n represents 1 and: (a) R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl and:- (i) B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa and R 5 represents H, then q does not represent 0 or 1 ; and (ii) B represents a structural fragment of formula IVb and X 1 and X 2 both represent CH , then q does not represent 0; and (b) R 3 represents unsubstituted cyclohexyl, B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa and R represents H, then q does not represent 0; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein n represents 1 when B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa, IVc or IVb in which latter fragment X 1 and X 2 botii represent CH 2 . 3. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein n represents 2 when B represents a structural fragment of formula IVb in which fragment X 1 represents a single bond and X 2 represents either a single bond or CH 2 . 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein R 5 represents H when B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa. 5. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein R 4 represents H. 6. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein p represents 0. 7. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein Y represents CH 2 , (CH^, (CH 2 ) 3 , CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 , CH 2 C(=O)CH 2 or CH 2 C(=CH 2 )CH 2 . 8. A compound as claimed in claim 7 wherein Y represents CH 2 , (CH^ 2 or CH 2 C(=CH 2 )CH 2 . 9. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein R 1 represents H, methyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl or (2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxalan-4-yl)medιyl. 10. A compound as claimed in claim 9 wherein R l represents H. 11. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein q represents 0, 1 or 2. 12. A compound as claimed in claim 11 wherein q represents 0. 13. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein R represents H, optionally substituted C,_ 4 alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl. 14. A compound as claimed in claim 13 wherein, when R 2 represents optionally substituted C alkyl, the optional substituent is hydroxy. 15. A compound as claimed in claim 14 wherein when the hydroxy group is attached to the carbon atom which is α to the carbon atom to which OR is attached. 16. A compound as claimed in claim 13 wherein R 2 represents H, methyl, hydroxymethyl or ethyl. 17. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein R represents C,_ $ alkyl, naphthyl, indolyl, optionally substituted cyclohexyl or optionally substituted phenyl. 18. A compound as claimed in claim 17 wherein R 3 represents optionally substituted phenyl s or optionally substituted cyclohexyl. 19. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18 wherein Y represents CH 2 or CH 2 C(=CH 2 )CH 2 when R 1 and R 2 both represent H, R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl or unsubstituted cyclohexyl and q represents 0 or 1. 0 20. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18 wherein R represents methyl, hydroxymethyl or etiiyl when R l represents H, R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl or unsubstituted cyclohexyl and q represents 0 or 1. s 21. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein R 3 is substituted by one or more of hydroxy, fluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy, amino, nitro, trifluoromethyl, methylenedioxy, etiioxy or propoxy, when it represents optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted cyclohexyl . 0 22. A compound as claimed in claim 21 wherein R 3 is substituted by one or more of hydroxy, mono- or difluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy or methylenedioxy. 23. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 wherein Y represents CH 2 . 5 24. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23 wherein B represents a structural fragment of formula IVa. 25. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 24 wherein the α-amino acid carbon in the fragment is in the S-configuration. 26. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 25 wherein, when R 1 and R 2 both represent H and p represents 0, the α-carbon in the fragment is in the R-configuration. 27. A compound as claimed in claim 1 which is: Ch-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ch-(R)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O>Aze-Pab; Ph(3-MeMR,S)CH(OH>C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMeHR,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3,5-diOMeHR,S)CH(OH)-C(O>Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMe,4-OH)-(R,S)CH(OH>C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(EtXOH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(EtXOH)-C(O>Pro-Pab; (Ph)_C(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMe,4-OHHR,S)CH(OH)-C(0)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pac; Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)- (R,S)Pic(cw-4-Me Pab; Ph(3,4-(-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-OMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O>Pro-Pab; Ph(3,5-diOMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3,5-diMe)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-NH-)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph(3-NH 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3-NO 2 )-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3,4-(-O-CH 2 -O-))-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3,5-diF)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R)CH(O-CH 2 -(R,S)CH(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -))-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(S)C(Me)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph(3,4-diF)-(R,S)CH(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R)CH(OH)-C(O)-(R,S)Pic(4-methylene)-Pab; Ph(3-Cl)-(R,S)CH(OH C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(-O-C(CH 3 ) 2 -O-CH 2 -)-C(O)-Pro-Pab; Ph-(R,S)C(CH 2 OH)(OH)-C(O)-Aze-Pab; or Ph-(R,S)C(CH 2 OH)(OH)-C(O)-Pro-Pab. 28. A pharmaceutical formulation including a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically- acceptable adjuvant diluent or carrier. 29. A compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, for use as a pharmaceutical. 30. A compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a condition where inhibition of thrombin is required. 31. A compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of thrombosis. 32. A compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as an anticoagulant. 33. The use of a compound as defined in any of one claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition where inhibition of thrombin is required. 34. Use as claimed in claim 33, wherein the condition is tiirombosis. 35. Use of a compound as defined in one any of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient in the manufacture of an anticoagulant. 36. A method of treatment of a condition where inhibition of thrombin is required which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a person suffering from, or susceptible to, such a condition. 37. A method as claimed in claim 36, wherein the condition is tiirombosis. 38. A method as claimed in claim 36, wherein the condition is hypercoagulability in blood and tissues. 39. A process for the preparation of a compound as defined in claim 1 which process comprises: (a) the coupling of a compound of formula V, wherein p, q, R 1 , R 2 and R are as defined in claim 1 with a compound of formula VI, wherein R 4 , Y, n and B are as defined in claim 1; or (b) the coupling of a compound of formula VII, wherein p, q, R , R , R , R and Y are as defined in claim 1 with a compound of formula vm, H 2 N-(CH 2 ) n -B vm wherein n and B are as defined in claim 1. 40. A compound of formula XTV, wherein B 1 represents a structural fragment of formula IVd, IVe or IVf IVd IVe IVf D and D independently represent H or benzyloxycarbonyl and p, q, R , R R , R , Y, n, R , X 1 and X 2 are as defined in claim 1 , provided tiiat D l and D 2 do not botii represent H.

Inventors: GUSTAFSSON DAVID, NYSTROEM JAN-ERIK, GUSTAFSSON, DAVID, NYSTROEM, JAN-ERIK
Applicants: ASTRA AB, GUSTAFSSON DAVID, NYSTROEM JAN ERIK, ASTRA AKTIEBOLAG, GUSTAFSSON, DAVID, NYSTROEM, JAN-ERIK
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C07K5
IPC codes: A61K31, A61K38, A61P7, C07D205, C07D207, C07D211, C07D405, C07K5