PLASTICS TAPES AND A SANITARY ARTICLE

Abstract: A diaper, or other absorbent article, has closure tapes which are formed from a plastics material, such as polypropylene or a propylene copolymer. The tapes each have one or both edges rounded by the application of heat to reduce their sharpness. This reduces the risk of irritation of the infant or other user, and the risk of injury to any person coming into contact with the tapes.

Description: PLASTICS TAPES AND A SANITARY ARTICLE This invention relates to flexible plastics tapes, and to sanitary articles provided with such tapes. In particular the invention relates to diapers provided with such tapes. It is conventional to use flexible plastics tapes for holding a diaper in place. This is so with diapers for infants, though such tapes are also used for adult diapers. In its unused condition the diaper has a pair of tapes, one on each side, the tapes being secured to the rest of the diaper by, for example, heat sealing. The tapes have free end portions which are coated with adhesive, the adhesive surface each being covered prior to use with a backing film. At the time of use, the backing films are removed and the tapes adhered to the portion of the diaper which is then adjacent to them, the tape connections then being located adjacent either side of the waist of the infant or other user. In order to provide adequate strength for the tapes, it is normal to use a strong, relatively stiff plastics material, such as polypropylene, in the form of solid tapes produced, for example, by extrusion. The term "solid" here is used to mean that the material of the tape is present throughout its cross-section, as opposed, for example, to tapes formed of matted fibres. The tapes are cut with a blade from a roll of material. Normally what is done is to start with a roll whose width is equal to the desired length of the tapes, and cut it into lengths equal to the desired tape width. However, the tapes are quite thin. They might be as much as 500μm in thickness, but would normally be less than 200μm, and typically about 100μm or 150 m. They might be as little as 20 or 25 rπ in thickness. These values exclude the adhesive coating. As a result of their thinness the edges of the polypropylene tape are very sharp. The phenomenon is akin to that encountered with paper. There is therefore a risk of the person putting the diaper on the infant being cut by the tapes. Furthermore, it is found that movement by the infant after the diaper is put on can result in the tapes coming into contact with the infant's skin, which can be the cause of the irritation. The problem is one which is known in the art, but the only solution proposed hitherto, as far as the present applicants are aware, is that described in EP-A-379850, which involves cutting the initial plastic material in a wave shape. This requires a specially constructed, and somewhat complex, cutting apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide tapes in which the above problem is avoided or mitigated in a simple and effective manner, and a sanitary article, for example a diaper, using such tapes. According to the present invention there is provided a flexible plastics tape formed using a plastics material, wherein at least one edge of the tape is rounded as viewed in cross-section and wherein the tape has a thickness not greater than that at which the said edge would be sharp if it were not rounded. In a preferred version the edges of the tape which have been cut are rounded. The tape typically has a thickness of less than 500 m, more typically less than 200//m, still more typically less than 150 m, and most typically of the order of 100//m. The invention further provides a sanitary article, for example a diaper, which comprises a fluid-absorbing body portion and at least one tape as just defined. The invention will now be described in more detail. During diaper assembling, closure tapes are cut from a roll by a cutting device, and conveyed to a point at which they are fixed in place on the diaper. According to the present invention, at least one edge, and preferably both edges of the tapes have their sharpness reduced. One way of doing this is to arrange for the tapes to contact hot metallic surfaces during the above mentioned conveying process, so that they are softened or partially melted and thereby assume a curved shape as viewed in cross-section. Altematively, and this is preferred, the hot metallic surfaces are formed by the cutting device itself, which is kept at the desired elevated temperature. One point to note is that where rounding is achieved by contact with a hot surface, the plastics material of the tape must have a sufficiently low elongational viscosity to avoid the occurrence of lagging, a phenomenon in which the hot surface pulls filaments of material outwardly thereof and gives rise to an irregular surface. A low viscosity, and/or the maintenance of the material at a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficient length of time, also assists in ensuring that surface tension effects are able to produce the desired rounding of the edge. Still more preferably, however, the rounding of the edges is achieved by directing hot air at the edges of the tape. For example, it has been found that air at 350 °C will produce the desired effect on a conventional polypropylene tape of a type normally used on diapers. In general it is desirable that only a very small portion of the tape should be modified by heat in that way, e.g. a region up to 0.5 mm from the edge of the tape, whose overall width is in the region of 30 mm. This is desirable both for aesthetic reasons, and to avoid adversely affecting the functional characteristics of the main part of the tape. Where rounding is achieved by contact with a hot surface, the temperature of the hot surface with which the tape is contacted can be different depending on the polymer nature and structure, on the crystallinity fraction and on the process speed and so on the time of contact. Similar considerations apply where hot air is used to achieve rounding. In the case of highly crystalline polymers, for example homopolymer polypropylene, it is useful to work in a range between 20 °C below and 50 °C above its crystalline melting point. In the case of polymers with lower crystallinity (e.g. propylene/ethylene copolymers) it is more meaningful to refer to the softening point of the polymer (e.g. determined by the ring and ball method according to ASTM E28-67) and work in a similar range around it. In a preferred embodiment the tape material is a polypropylene copolymer containing up to 10% of ethylene. This makes the material intrinsically softer, which itself helps in partially reducing the sharpness of the edges. Moreover this lowers the softening point and makes easier the application of the present invention. In a more preferred embodiment this copolymer is a random copolymer. These materials have a limited heat-shrinkability which helps the curving of edges without giving macroscopic distortion to the tape, helping the formation of rounded edges also in the zones which do not reach a level of temperature sufficient for softening or melting. For example, MOPLEN EP2 C3OF is a random polypropylene copolymer containing 2% by weight of ethylene, and is available from HIMONT. At 100 °C it shrinks about 3%. Depending on the tape structure and process conditions, this level of shrinkage can be useful in the present invention. In any case the degree of heat-shrinkage can be tailored to the desired level by properly formulating the polymer. For example, by blending the above mentioned polypropylene with the compatible hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin ARKON P-125 available from ARAKAWA CO., it is possible to modify the behaviour as follows: % of resin in PP % of heat-shrinkage at 100 °C 0% 3% 5% 7% 10% 16% 20% 31 % 30% 44% In this way it is possible to choose the optimum level of heat shrinkability useful in the particular application or process concerned. However, the invention can also be applied even where the plastics material has not significant heat shrinkability. In that case, however, the temperature at which the edges are treated needs to be sufficient to cause melting of the material, thus permitting surface tension to cause the necessary rounding. The invention is further illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings. These are photomicrographs showing the edge of a polypropylene plastics film, of a type conventionally used for diapers, respectively before and after treatment with hot air at 350 °C. The film on which the treatment was carried out was coated on the side facing away from view with a Iayer of adhesive. In Figure 2 the Iayer can be seen quite clearly. In Figure 1 a broken line has been added to mark the boundary between the adhesive and the plastics material. Comparison of the two Figures clearly shows the rounding which is achieved. It is also noteworthy that it is found that the process does not adversely affect the adhesive.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A flexible plastics tape formed using a plastics material, wherein at least one edge of the tape is rounded as viewed in cross- section and wherein the tape has a thickness not greater than that at which the said edge would be sharp if it were not rounded. 2. A tape according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness thereof is less than 500 m. 3. A tape according to claim 2, wherein the thickness thereof is less than 200μm. 4. A tape according to claim 3, wherein the thickness thereof is less than 150μm. 5. A tape according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness thereof is of the order of 100 /m. 6. A tape according to any preceding claim, which has an adhesive coating thereon. 7. A tape according to any preceding claim, wherein both edges which have been cut are rounded as aforesaid. 8. A tape according to any preceding claim, wherein the said plastics material essentially consists of polypropylene. 9. A tape according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the said plastics material essentially consists of a copolymer of propylene and a further material the inclusion of which increases the softness of the tape. 10. A tape according to claim 9, wherein the said plastics material is a propylene/ethylene copolymer. 11. A tape according to claim 10, wherein the said plastics material comprises up to 10% by weight of ethylene. 12. A tape according to claim 9, 10, or 1 1 , wherein the copolymer is a random copolymer. 13. A method of forming a tape according to any preceding claim, wherein the or each rounded edge is rounded by the application of heat. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein heat is applied by contacting the edge to be rounded with a heated surface. 15. A method according to claim 13, wherein the edge is formed in a rounded condition by cutting the tape from a sheet of the said plastics material using a heated cutter. 16. A method according to claim 13, wherein heat is applied by directing hot air at the edge to be rounded. 17. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the or each tape edge to be rounded is subjected to a temperature which lies in a range from 20 °C below to 50 °C above the crystalline melting point of the said plastics material, where the said plastics material is highly crystalline, or the softening point of the said plastics material, where the said plastics material is not highly crystalline. 18. A tape when formed according to the method of any one of claims 13 to 17. 19. An absorbent article which comprises a fluid-absorbing body portion and at least one tape as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or claim 18, for securing the article in place on a user. 20. An absorbent article according to claim 19, wherein the said article is a diaper. 21. An article according to claim 19 or 20, wherein a pair of the said tapes is provided.

Inventors: CORZANI ITALO, PALUMBO GIANFRANCO, CORZANI, ITALO, PALUMBO, GIANFRANCO
Applicants: CORZANI ITALO, PALUMBO GIANFRANCO, PROCTER & GAMBLE, CORZANI, ITALO, PALUMBO, GIANFRANCO, THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61F13
IPC codes: A61F5, A61F13, C09J7