Projector of optotypes with variable contrast

Abstract: The projector consists of a primary body (1) with a ferrule (2) set on its cylindrical front terminal part, in a possible sliding on a guide (3), for the translation of the support (4) on af objective (5) for its focusing. Said primary body (1) brough integral on the other terminal end by a stabilizer (6) which has, on a support (7) a group of optical condensers (8) set axially. Said stabilizer (6) holds a light projector composed of a lampholder (9) of a lamp (10) and of a concave mirro (11) and, on an orthogonal prolongation of the frame structure, provides motor groups (12 and 13) in a symmetric diagram to put in rotation the first motor (12) a disk carrying matrix forms (14) and the second motor group (13) a disk with photoengraved optotypes (15) and with their laying determined by two pinions (16 and 17). The primary body (1), in an intermediate orthogonal position, is integral with a secondary body (18) with another light projector at its outer end consists of a lampholder (19) of a lamp (20) and of a concave mirror (21). On support (22) a group of optical condensers (23) is provided to focalize the light of the lamp (20) on a diagram (24). A mirror (25) with a central hole (26) is then provided and all the system to be started by means of a remot control (32) and the images to be formed on a screen (37).

Description: The invention refers to a projector of optotypes which also permits the visual acuity tracking with respect to the varying of the contrast effect. As it is well-known, the visual acuity is affected by the photometric contrast existing between the object and the background; where the photometric cont rast is very high with respect to the difference of the retinal illumination which is produced, even small size objects will be seen. On the contrary, when there is a low contrast effect, even larger objects will not succeed in producing contrasts of such a value to make them perceptible by the retina. At present, the visus examination, also considering the contrast effects, can be made only in intermediate gradualities by means of optotypes printed on tables in translucid plate and illuminated at the back, by varying the light source distance gradually. The large overall dimensions of this equipment, which takes up considerable room in the laboratory, jointed to the need of a wide range of tables, result in slow operative results as, for every graduality and contrasting effect under examination it is necessary to displace the lamp mechanically. Apparatuses are known, as for instance the apparatus described and shown in the US-A-1 047 350. The invented projector goes over the above stated inconveniences as it presents a new equipment which has all the qualities of the projectors of optotypes now in use and in addition it offers new performances such as a best definition of the image, a large variety of optotypes which include special tests for the stereoscopic vision of the chromatic balance, of coincidence and others; moreover, under conditions of extreme accuracy and practical results, given the same ground brightness, it produces the contrast variation of the optotypes image according to the pre-arranged values operating on two complementary light sources by means of a remote control so that by diminishing the intensity of one source the consequent increase of the other one takes place. The projector of optotypes comprises a primary body 1 with a ferrule 2 set on its cylindrical front terminal end, in a possible sliding on a guide 3, for the translation of a first support 4 for focusing the objective 5. Said primary body 1 is brought integral on the other terminal end by a stabilizer 6 which has, on a second support 7, a group of first optical condensers 8 set axially. Said stabilizer 6 holds a first light projector composed of a first lampholder 9, a first lamp 10 and a first concave mirror 11; moreover it features, on an orthogonal prolongation of the frame structure, the motor groups 12 and 13 in a symmetric diagram. The above stated motor groups of which the first motor 12 to allow rotation of a first disk 14 carrying matrix forms and the second motor group 13 to allow rotation of a second disk 15 carrying panels of photoengraved optotypes. Said first and second disks 14 and 15 are countersituated to allow a position reference of said disks during the operative phase. The laying of said disks is determined by a first pinion 16 located between the first motor group 12 and the disk 14, and by another pinion 17 placed between the second motor group 13 and the second disk 15. The primary body 1, in an intermediate orthogonal position, is integral with a secondary body 18 with another light projector at its outer end, such a projector, like the previously described, consists of a second lampholder 19, a second lamp 20 and a second concave mirror 21. On a third support 22 a group of optical condensers 23 is supported to focalize the light of the second lamp 20 on a diagram 24, of the same dimensions of the panel featured on the second disk 15 with engraved optotypes. A mirror 25 with a central hole 26 is positioned at 45° at the intersection point of the first and second axes A and B of the primary and secondary bodies. Lamps 10 and 20 and motor groups 12 and 13 are controlled by a microprocessor 27 on lines 28, 29, 30 and 31. This system can be activated by means of an infrared ray remote control 32, which transmits to a receiver 33 which, on line 34, operates the microprocessor 27 and through the mains supply allowed on line 35 by means of a feeding group 36. In order to make an examination of the visual acuity, also considering the varying of the contrast effect, by means of the remote control 32 the system is activated thus determining the lighting of lamp 10 of the projector housed in the primary body 1 and the positioning by means of the first and second motors 12 and 13 of disks 14 and 15 on the selected optotypes. By means of the concave mirror 11 and of the otptical condensers 8, both the disks 15 and 14 carrying the engraved series of optotypes and the relative matrices which determine the formation of images on the background are lighted up. Then, by making a rotation on the ferrule 2, the objective 5 is focalized thus allowing the formation of the optotype images on the screen 37 under conditions of maximum contrast. Subsequently, by activating the lamp 20 of the projector present in the secondary body 18 by means of the remote control 32, through the group of optical condensers 23, the diagram 24 enlightens and by means both of the mirror 25 and of the objective 5, the light image delimiting the optotypes is projected on screen 37; this image is given by the matrix form present on disk 14, which will move consequently to place itself exactly on the preceding image. As a consequence, by means of the remote control 32 it is possible to operate at the same time on lamps 10 and 20 in a complementary way, so that when the intensity of one lamp diminishes the other one increases as a consequence. Thus obtaining on the screen 37, in presence of the same background brightness, the variation of the control value of the optotype image. In this way, the examination of the visual acuity on different contrast levels is obtained. As an alternative, a projector of optotypes is featured with a rectilinear primary body 38 and a secondary squared up body housing 39 on the axis C of the main projector 40 and on the axis D of a secondary projector 41, a disk carrying a counterposed double series of grey filters with a different absorption gradation between a through hole 43 and a shutter 44. A third group motor 45 operated by a microprocessor by means of a remote control cause the rotation of disk 42 thus obtaining in a sequence, on a screen 46, the image of the optotype with a contrast scalarity maintaining a constant brightness of the background. A further version of this equipment provides a projector of optotypes with a primary body 47 and a secondary body 48 with a glass beam separator 49 positioned at 45°, at the intersection point of the first and second axes E and F of the said primary and secondary bodies 47 and 48, and making the contemporary light transmission and the image reflection at 50% on screen 50. The projector here described and its variants are schematically illustrated in the drawings of sheets 1, 2, 3 and 4. In sheet 1 fig. 1 is a schematic view of the basic projector illustrating both the electronic block working system and the working operations of the image projector set in the primary body 18 which permits, for the complementarity of lamps 10 and 20, the formation of the optotype image on screen 37. In sheet 2 fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the same projector of fig. 1 to better illustrate the two projectors. In sheet 3 fig. 3 is a view of the projector of optotypes carried out in a second version with a rectilinear primary body 38 and a secondary squared up body 39 using a disk 42 for the contemporary transmission of a couple of images of the same optotypes. Fig. 4 is section view of the sole disk 42. In sheet 4 fig. 5 is a view of a third version of the said projector of optotypes, which utilizes a primary body 47 and a secondary body 48 with, at the crossing of their axes E and F, a glass beam separator body 49.

Claims: Projector of optotypes with variable contrast comprising: a primary body (1, 38, 47) having a frame structure with a first terminal end, a second terminal end and a first axis (A, E), said primary body being provided on the first terminal end on a cylindrical terminal part thereof with a ferrule (2), a guide (3), a first support (4) and an objective (5) carried by said first support, said ferrule (2) being in a sliding relationship on said guide (3) permitting the translation of the first support (4)for focusing the objective (5); a stabilizer (6) brought integrally on the other terminal end of the primary body (1), said stabilizer having a second support (7) supporting a group of first optical condensers (8) set axially and holding a first light projector composed of a first lampholder (9), a first lamp (10) and a first concave mirror (11); first and second motor groups (12 and 13) positioned on an orthogonal prolongation of said frame structure in a symmetric diagram, a first disk (14) carrying matrix forms coupled with said first motor group (12) for rotation of said first disk (14) and a second disk (15) carrying panels of photoengraved optotypes coupled with said second motor group (13)for rotation of said second disk (14), said first and second disks (14 and 15) being countersituated to allow a position reference of said disks during an operative phase and where the laying of said disks is determined by a first pinion (16) located between the first motor group (12) and the first disk (14) and by another pinion (17) placed between the second motor group (13) and the second disk (15); a secondary body (18,39,48) having a first end, a second end and a second axis (B, F), the first end being integral with said primary body and arranged orthogonally with said primary body in an intermediate position thereof such that the first and the second axes (A and B) of the first and secondary bodies provide an intersection point, said secondary body having, at the second end, a second light projector composed of a second lampholder (19), a second lamp (20), a second concave mirror (21) and a third support (22) supporting a group of second optical condensers (23) to focalize the light of the second lamp (20) on a diagram (24) of the same dimensions of the panel featured on the second disk (15) with engraved optotypes; a mirror (25) with a central hole (26) being positioned at 45° at the intersection point of the first and second axes (A and B) of the primary and secondary bodies; a remote control (32) capable of determining the lighting of the first lamp (10) of the first projector housed in the primary body and capable of controlling first and second motor groups (12 and 13) for controlling the positioning of first and second disks (14 and 15), in order to make an examination of the visual acuity, also considering the varying of the contrast effect; said first concave mirror (11), said first optical condensers (8), said first and second disks (14 and 15 ) together with said first lamp (10) determining the formation of images on a background, and a rotation on the ferrule (2) focusing said objective (5), thus allowing the formation of the optotype images on a screen (37) under conditions of maximum contrast; said remote control (32) being adapted to activate the second lamp (20) of the second projector present in the secondary body, through the group of second optical condensers (23), the diagram (24)being enlightened, and by means both of the mirror (25) and of the objective (5) the light image delimiting the optotypes being projected on the screen (37), , in presence of the same background brightness, the variation of the control value of the optotype image and permitting the examination of the visual actuity on different contrast levels. Projector of optotypes with variable contrast, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a microprocessor (27) adapted to control the first and second lamps (10 and 20) and the first and second motor groups (12 and 13) in response to said remote control (32), a receiver (33) and a feeding group (36) with a main supply, said receiver (33) and said feeding group (36) being coupled to the microprocessor (27), wherein the remote control (32) is an infrared ray remote control. Projector of optotypes with variable contrast, according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary body is a rectilinear primary body (38) having the first light projector (40) aligned with the first axis, the secondary body is a secondary squared up body housing (39) carrying the second light projector (41) on the second axis, the projector further comprising a third disk (42) carrying a counterposed double series of grey filters with a different absorption gradation between a through hole (43) and a shutter (44), a third motor group (45) being operated by a microprocessor (27) in response of the remote control (32) for the rotation of said third disk (42), thus obtaining in a sequence, on the screen (46), the image of the optotype with a contrast scalarity maintaining a constant brightness of the background. Projector of optotypes with variable contrast, according to claim 1, characterized in that a glass beam separator (49) is positioned at 45° at the intersection point of the first and second axes (E and F) of the primary body (47) and the secondary body (48), said glass beam separator (49) being capable of making the contemporary light transmission and the image reflection at 50% of the screen (50).

Inventors: MURA SERGIO, MURA, SERGIO
Applicants: C S O SRL, C.S.O. SRL
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61B3
IPC codes: G03B21, A61B3