BREAKAWAY COUPLING

Abstract: A breakaway coupling (28) comprising a nipple (8) and coupler (6) normally engaged together by a canted coil spring (1). The canted coil spring (1) is disposed in the coupler and receives the nipple as it enters the coupler. The nipple (8) includes an inclined surface (14) which enables the canted coil spring to be gradually compressed as the nipple enters the coupler. The canted coil spring (1) simultaneously engages the shoulders and bottom surface of a recess in the coupler body and the first and second beveled surfaces and the bottom surface of a recess in the nipple adaptor. Vent means (23) are provided in the coupler (6) and a bleed back means (31) is provided in the nipple (8).

Description: BREAKAWAY COUPLING FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention is a breakaway coupling which employs a canted coil spring to prevent separation of the nipple portion from the coupler portion. The breakaway coupling is used in applications such as dispensing natural gas to a vehicle. The breakaway coupling is situated in series between a pump dispenser and a nozzle. The nozzle is used to fuel the gas tank of an individual automobile. The breakaway coupling serves as a means to disconnect the hose which links the breakaway coupling and the nozzle. The breakaway coupling separates in the event that a person does not release the nozzle from an individual automobile prior to driving away from the pump station. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Breakaway couplings of various types are known. Typically, couplings employ detents, shear pins, and springs to fasten the nipple and coupler together. U.S. patent 4.906.031 to Vyse employs a garter spring situated in a groove in the female member which then engages an arcuate surface on the male member when the male and female members are coupled together. Specifically, Vyse discloses a garter spring located on surfaces which are designed so as to maintain the shape of the garter spring . The garter spring of Vyse is cylindrical. U.S. patent 4.896,688 to Richards et al. discloses a spring situated in a groove on the male member which expands radially outwardly to engage the female member and secure the male and female members together. U.S. patent 4,682.795 to Rabushka et al. discloses a spring which wraps around the male and female members to fasten them together under the tension of the spring. The novelty of the present invention is directed toward the use of a canted coil spring which resides in the female half, otherwise referred to herein as the coupler, and which engages and maintains the nipple in position when the coupler and the nipple are joined. Additionally, the present invention also employs a check valve within the nipple which includes a bleed port. Similarly, with respect to the coupler, a vent passageway is also supplied which allows gas under pressure to escape to the exterior of the breakaway coupling. The venting means of the coupler is necessary because the seals leak. The venting means of the check valve is necessary to permit the breakaway coupling and downstream hose to vent so that the nozzle may be disconnected from the vehicle when the fueling operation has been completed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention comprises a breakaway coupling which employs a canted coil spring. The canted coil spring is oblong when viewed in cross section. Further, the canted coil spring is manufactured such that the coils of the spring are angled when viewed from above. The canted coil spring used in the present invention resides in the coupler. The canted coil spring can be used with or without a snap ring to secure the canted coil spring in the coupler. The coupler and nipple are pressure balanced. The pressure balanced feature of the present invention enables the nipple and the coupler to be joined together without a separation force therebetween. A first passageway through the coupler communicates with ports in the second adaptor of the nipple which communicate with a second passageway through the nipple. The second adaptor of the nipple has surfaces thereon which guide the coiled canted spring into a second recess of the second adaptor of the nipple. Additionally, the second recess of the second adaptor of the nipple includes surfaces which restrain any movement of the nipple with respect to the first body of the coupler. The nipple includes a second adaptor which has a face thereon. The face of the nipple adaptor, also known as the second adaptor , includes a beveled edge thereon. The beveled edge of the second adaptor engages the snap ring situated on the coupler valve of the coupler. The second adaptor of the nipple maintains the coupler valve in an open position against the resistance of a spring situated between the coupler valve and the f i rst adaptor of the coupler. Thus, flow is permitted between the coupler and the nipple when the coupler and nipple are engaged and the coupler valve is open. The nipple further includes a check valve. Ports exist in the check valve to permit the bleed back of the natural gas (or other fluid being used) through the port and toward the pressure source after the fueling operation has been completed. The bleed back occurs after the pressure source has been isolated. This enables the disconnection of the nozzle which is used to fuel the automobile or other vehicle. The coupler includes a vent passageway between the interior and the exterior of the adaptor of the coupler. The adaptor of the coupler is sometimes referred to herein as the first adaptor o the coupler. This enables gas which leaks around the seals to escape when the coupler and nipple are engaged together. The coupler and nipple of the breakaway coupling are normally engaged. It is an object of the present invention to provide a breakaway coupling which includes a canted coil spring which is disposed in a f i rst recess of the coupler body and which engages a second recess in the second adaptor of the nipple thus preventing separation of the coupler and the nipple. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a breakaway coupling which includes a check valve with bleed back ports in the nipple. The bleed back ports in the check valve of the nipple enable disconnection of the nozzle which is used to fuel an automobile or other vehicle. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a coupler which includes a coupler valve maintained in the open position by the second adaptor of the nipple. The second adaptor of the nipple includes a face having a beveled edge thereon. The beveled edge of the face of the second adaptor of the nipple engages a snap ring which is situated in a groove in the coupler valve. The engagement of the snap ring of the coupler valve by the second adaptor of the nipple maintains the coupler valve in an open position. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a breakaway coupling which is pressure balanced. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a coupler having a vent passageway. The vent passageway leads from the interior of the first adaptor of the coupler to the exterior of the first adaptor of the coupler. The vent passageway permits gas to escape which has leaked around the seals of the breakaway coupling while it is engaged and pressurized. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a canted coil spring which includes a snap ring within the canted coil spring which maintains the canted coil spring in position within the first recess of the first body of the coupler. Other objects, uses and advantages of this invention are apparent from reading the brief description of the drawings, the description of the preferred embodiment and the claims which follow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fisure 1 is a quarter sectional view of the nipple and coupler of the breakaway coupling 28 engaged together. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 includes a canted coil spring 1 together with the snap ring 2 which assists in retaining the canted coil spring 1 in place; Figure 2 is a quarter sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the nipple 29 of the breakaway coupling. Figure 2 illustrates check valve 15 with bleed ports 31 therein; Figure 3 is a quarter sectional view of the coupler 30 of the breakaway coupling. Figure 3 illustrates the canted coil spring 1 together with snap ring 21 ; Figure 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1 illustrating the canted coil spring 1. snap ring 2. coupler body 6 and nipple adaptor 8; Figure 5 is a quarter sectional view of the nipple and coupler of the breakaway coupling 28 engaged together. Figure 5 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is identical to Figure 1 with the exception that the snap ring 2 is not included in the preferred embodiment. Figure 5 also illustrates bleed ports 31 in the check valve 15 of the nipple; Figure 6 is a quarter sectional view of the coupler 30 of the preferred embodiment. Figure 6 is identical to Figure 2 with the exception that the snap ring 2 is not included in the preferred embodiment; Figure 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 5 illustrating the canted coil spring 1. coupler body 6 and nipple adaptor 8. Figure 7 illustrates the preferred embodiment; Figure 8 is a quarter sectional view of the breakaway coupling similar to that illustrated in Figure 5. Reference numeral 25 indicates the application of pressure to the coupler. Figure 8 illustrates the check valve 15 in the open position; Figure 9 is an enlarged top view of the canted coil spring employed in the present invention; Figure 10 is an enlarged view illustrating the nipple adaptor 8 engaging snap ring 21 which maintains coupler valve 20 of the coupler in the open position; Figure 1 1 is similar to Figure 5 except check valve 15 of the nipple valve does not include bleed port 31 ; and Figure 12 is a quarter sectional view of the coupler 30 of the breakaway coupling similar to Figure 2 except the check valve 15 of the nipple does not include bleed port 31. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Figure 5 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 illustrates the coupler which includes the first adaptor 9, the first body 6, and the coupler valve 20. The coupler body 6 is affixed to the coupler adaptor 9 by means of threads. Reference numeral 24 indicates the threads which affix the coupler body 6 to the coupler adaptor 9. Spring 22 urges coupler valve 20 toward a closed position. Figure 5 illustrates coupler valve 20 in the open position. Figure 5 also illustrates the nipple. The nipple is comprised of a second adaptor 8, a second body 7, and a check valve 15. Second body 7 is made of a plastic. The plastic is snapped over the second adaptor 8 of the nipple during assembly. Check valve 15 includes bleed back ports 31 for relieving pressure after the fueling operation is completed. In tl e normal state the breakaway coupling illustrated in Figure 5 is connected to a dispensing pump and to a nozzle. In particular, the first adaptor 9 of the coupler is connected to a hose or other conduit which leads to a supply pressure source which is not shown. Similarly the second adaptor 8 is connected to a hose or other conduit which leads to a nozzle which fuels a vehicle. The nozzle is not shown in Figure 5. The nozzle typically used in the natural gas industry locks onto the vehicles. Some nozzles can not be released from the vehicles until pressure is removed from the nozzle. Pressure is bled from the nozzle back through second passageway 27, through bleed back port 31, and through port 17 into the first passageway 26 of the coupler and finally out of the coupler into a reservoir or into an evacuated supply line. Figure 5 further illustrates spring 16 which biases check valve 15 to the closed position. The second adaptor 8 includes a face 18. Beveled edge 19 engages snap ring 21. Snap ring 21 resides in a groove in the coupler valve 20. Snap ring 21 engages beveled edge 19 of the second adaptor 8 of he nipple which maintains coupler valve 20 in the open position. Spring 22 biases the snap ring 21 in the groove of the coupler valve 20 against the face of the nipple adaptor 8. Figure 5 also illustrates vent passageway 23 leading from the interior of the first adaptor of the coupler 34 to the exterior 35 thereof. Vent passageway 23 vents natural gas which has leaked by seals 36 on the first adaptor of the coupler or seals 37 on the second adaptor of the nipple. The leaking gas enters chamber 39 of the interior of the first adaptor 9. This gas is then vented through vent passageway 23 which leads to the threaded interconnection 24 of the coupler body 6 and the first adaptor 9. Figure 6 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the coupler 30. Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the canted coil spring together with the second adaptor 8 and second body 7 of the nipple. Additionally shown in Figure 7 is the first body 6 of the coupler. Figure 7 illustrates an inclined surface 14 which enables canted coil spring 1 to be gradually compressed as nipple adaptor 8 is inserted into the coupler. As the nipple adaptor, sometimes referred to herein as the second adaptor, is inserted into the coupler, the canted coil spring 1 is compressed enough to allow the second adaptor 8 of the nipple to slide by the canted coil spring. Reference numeral 40 as shown in Figure 7 indicates the surface on the second adaptor 8 by which the canted coil spring 1 must pass for the canted coil spring 1 to lock the nipple and coupler together. Reference numeral 41 is used to illustrate the recess 41 of the coupler body 6. Figure 7 further illustrates the first shoulder 3, second shoulder 4, and bottom 5 of recess 41 in coupler body 6. Also shown in Figure 7 is the recess 13 of nipple adaptor 8. Recess 13 of nipple adaptor 8 includes a first beveled surface 10, a bottom surface 1 1 , and a second beveled surface 12. From Figure 7 it can be seen that the canted coil spring simultaneously engages the first beveled surface 10 of the recess 13 of the adaptor 8, the bottom surface 1 1 of the recess 13 of the nipple adaptor 8, and the first shoulder 3, second shoulder 4. and bottom 5 of recess 41 of the coupler. The simultaneous engagement of these surfaces secures the nipple and coupler together. Figure 2 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the nipple 29. Reference numeral 32 indicates the upstream portion of the check vaive 15. Reference numeral 33 illustrates the downstream portion of the check valve. Figure 2 illustrates the inclined surface 14 of the second adaptor 8. Inclined surface 14 permits the easy insertion of the nipple into the coupler. The inclined surface 14 permits the gradual compression of canted coil spring 1 as the nipple 29 is inserted into the coupler 6. Second recess 13 of the second adaptor 8 is shown in Figure 2 along with the first beveled surface 10, the second beveled surface 12 and the bottom surface 1 1 thereof. Figure 2 also illustrates the beveled portion 19 of the face 18 of the second adaptor 8 which engages the snap ring 21 located in the coupler valve 20. Second body 7 is made of plastic and is secured to the adaptor 8 when it is forcibly snapped into position during assembly. Figure 1 is another embodiment of the invention and is identical to Figure 5 with one exception. Figure 1 illustrates snap ring 2 which assists in positioning canted coil spring 1 in the recess 41 of the coupler body 6. Figure 3 illustrates the coupler half 30 illustrated in figure 1. Figure 3 is identical to Figure 6 except snap ring 2 is illustrated within the canted coil spring 1. Figure 4 is identical to Figure 7 with the exception that snap ring 2 is illustrated within the canted coil spring 1. Figure 8 illustrates check valve 15 in the open position. Check valve is urged to the open position by the application of pressure to the coupler as indicated by reference numeral 25. Check valve 15 compresses spring 16 which allows flow of gas or other fluid from the upstream portion 32 thereof to the downstream portion 33 thereof. Figure 9 is an enlarged top view of the canted coil spring 1 of the present invention. Figure 9 illustrates the angled individual coils of the canted coil spring. igure 10 is an enlarged view of the adaptor 8 engaging snap ring 21. Groove 38 in coupler valve 20 is illustrated in Figure 10 as is the beveled edge portion 19 of face 18 of second adaptor 8 of the nipple. Figure 11 is another embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 1 illustrates check valve 15 without any bleed ports. This embodiment will function provided the downstream nozzle (not shown) includes means to vent pressure from the nozzle prior to disconnection from the vehicle. Figure 12 illustrates the nipple of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 1. Namely, there are not any bleed back ports in check valve 15 illustrated in Figure 12. The invention has been described in detail with particular emphasis on the preferred embodiments thereof , but it should be understood that variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A breakaway coupling comprising a coupler and a nipple engaged together; said coupler includes a body; said nipple includes an adaptor; said body of said coupler includes a first recess therein; said adaptor of said nipple includes a second recess; a canted coil spring; said canted coil spring is disposed in said first recess of said coupler; and said second recess of said nipple preventing disengagement of said coupler and said nipple. 2. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 1 wherein said coupler further comprises a body and a coupler valve and said nipple further comprises a body and a check valve; said coupler valve being in an open position when said coupler and said nipple are engaged together: and. said check valve being in an open position when pressure is applied to said coupler and said coupler and said nipple are engaged together. 3. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 2 wherein: said coupler valve includes a groove and a snap ring disposed in said grove; and, said adaptor of said nipple engages said snap ring disposed in said coupler valve maintaining said coupler valve in said open position. 4. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 3 wherein: said adaptor of said nipple includes a face having a beveled edge portion: and, said beveled edge portion of said face of said nipple engages said snap ring disposed in said groove of said coupler valve. 5. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 4 wherein said body of said nipple is plastic. 6. A breakaway coupling comprising a coupler and a nipple engaged together: said coupler includes a first adaptor, a coupler valve, and a coupler bod} 1 ; said nipple includes a second adaptor, a check valve and a nipple bodv said first body of said coupler includes a first recess and said second adaptor of said nipple includes a second recess and a face; said face of said second adaptor includes a beveled edge portion, said coupler valve includes a groove: a snap ring disposed in said groove of said coupler valve; said beveled edge portion of said face of said second adaptor engages said snap ring of said coupler valve and maintains said coupler valve in an open position; a canted coil spring disposed in said first recess of said coupler body and said second recess of said second adaptor preventing separation of said nipple and said coupler; and, said check valve of said nipple in an open position when pressure is applied to said coupler. 7. A breakaway coupling comprising a coupler and a nipple engaged together ; said coupler includes a first adaptor, a coupler valve , and a coupler body; said nipple includes a second adaptor , a check valve and a nipple bod )'; said first body of said coupler includes a first recess and said second adaptor of said nipple includes a second recess and a face: said face of said second adaptor includes a beveled edge portion, said coupler valve i ncludes a groove: a snap ring disposed in said groove of said coupler valve: said beveled edge portion of said face of said second adaptor engages said snap ring of said coupler valve and maintains said coupler valve in an open position; a canted coil spring disposed in said first recess of said coupler body and said second recess of said second adaptor preventing separat i on of said nipple and said coupler; and. said check valve of said nipple in a closed position when pressure is not applied to said coupler . 8 . A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 7 wherein said check valve of said nipple includes an upstream portion, a downstream portion and a bleed back passageway connecting said upstream and downstream portions. 9. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 8 which further comprises said coupler body being affixed to said first adaptor of said coupler ; said first adaptor of said coupler includes an interior portion and exterior portion: and. a vent passageway in said first adaptor extending from the interior portion to the exterior portion of said first adaptor. 10. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 9 wherein said coupler body and said first adaptor are threadably interconnected. 1 1. A breakaway coupling as claimed in claim 7 which includes a first gas passageway through said coupler which communicates with a port in said nipple, said port in said nipple communicates with second gas passageway through said nipple, and, said communication of said passageways and port being pressure balance.

Inventors: HOPSON DOUGLAS F, HOPSON, DOUGLAS, F.
Applicants: SNAP TITE INC, SNAP-TITE, INC.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: F16L37
IPC codes: F16L37