SET OF CONSTRUCTION PIECES FOR DIDACTIC-EDUCATIVE GAMES

Abstract: It is mainly formed by some parallelepiped base parts (1) with a perimetric groove in their edge for insertion of tongue pieces (3) emerging from some of the edges. They are provided with at least one axial recess receiving another part materialized by a stepped cylindrical button (5) that can rotate in its lodging upon having four peripheral axial pins (7)that are housed in a ring-shaped recess (6) of the base part (1), concentric to the respective recess. The ring-shaped recesses (6) as well as the axial pins (7) are found on both surfaces. The cylindrical button (5) has a diametric groove (9) open to the periphery. There are other triangular parts (13, 14) upon diagonally cutting the square base parts (1), there also being interconnecting projections (15) and recesses (16). It includes some hinge-type articulating parts (17) whose limbs are similar to the square base parts (1). It also has covers (19) that fit together and in the axial recess (4) by means of a ring-shaped recess (6) of any of the other parts; there also being triangular covers (20) as half elements. This allows the formation on the playing board of mosaic drawings with square (19) and triangular (20) covers.

Description: OBJECT OF THE INVENTION As expressed in the title of this specification, the present invention refers to a set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, whereby relevant and advantageous features are provided in the development of this type of toys, mainly increasing the versatility for the development of three-dimensional geometric shapes. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Patent of Invention n° ES 2071561 whose applicant is the same one as for the present invention, revealed a didactic-educational toy for elementary arithmetic operations that was comprised of a series of parts or elements that could be combined together, combining in a coplanar manner with the help of some boards corresponding to the sides, fitting in a perimetric furrow or groove existing in the parts materialized by generally rectangular shaped plates. There are plates representative of digits, from "one" that is materialized by a small quadrangular surface plate equivalent to one-tenth of the surface representative of the number "ten", all of them having some stepped cylindrical protuberances, there being as many as the number that they represent. These plates have bottom recesses to allow stacking upon fitting in adequately. There is also a series of figurative parts that can be assembled in the perimetric groove of the plates in order to permit the studying of the spatial concepts of left, right, up, etc. In a Certificate of Addition to this cited Patent and whose application number is ES 2110869 some improvements were introduced in Patent of Invention no. ES 2071561 mainly based on the following: Some mounting parts of the different "X"-shaped or double "X"-shaped numeric plates fitting in the stepped cylindrical protuberances, are included. The plates with ciphers adopt in this case a rectangular mold structure where the suitable numeric plates fit in to identify the number with the shape thereof. Besides, there are also rigid angular or jointed parts in order to be able to change the plane and to take on different angular positions. The stepped cylindrical protuberances have different diametric cuts in order to be able to place other parts or pieces of cardboard vertically and in different directions, these plates having the perimetric furrow corresponding to their edges. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In broad outline, the set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, that comprises the object of the present invention, allows by itself the development of a didactic-educational toy, as well as the creation of constructions with their different parts, which in turn can be combined or form part of other elements previously developed by the same applicant and commented on in the "background of the invention" section. As the basic main part we can cite that which is called the parallelepiped base part that has grooved and tongued interconnecting means for coplanar coupling with other similar base parts. These base parts are flat and have a thickness that suitably allows placement of the perimetric coplanar coupling groove by means of some flat extensions or tongue pieces. These tongue pieces may be independent or may be extensions of the parts themselves in some of their edges. The base parts are provided at least with a through recess on the larger surfaces thereof, wherein the respective stepped cylindrical button that defines another of the main types of parts of this set can connect. The cylindrical button is stepped and can rotate in its housing upon being provided with some peripheral axial pins that move in a ring-shaped recess of the base part, that occupies a position concentric to the respective recess of the same. The ring-shaped recesses of the base parts are placed on both surfaces of the same, just like the anchoring pins of the stepped cylindrical pin are. This permits insertion of the cylindrical button by the top part or by the bottom part of the base part. Likewise, these buttons are stackable upon having a cylindrical inside recess in whose wall the end step of another stepped cylindrical button that has been introduced underneath penetrates. The buttons also include a diametric cut for insertion of the tongue pieces of the plates that materialize the base parts, or any other type of plate, and even pieces of cardboard in constructional plastic activities. As the button rotates on the ring-shaped housing of the base plates, an exact rotation adjustment of the diametric cut is obtained. These stable positions are obtained upon providing for some small teeth that move with the axial pins of the button. With regard to these axial pins of the cylindrical buttons, we can say that they are advantageously four and each two consecutive ones are located at a distance corresponding to the thickness of the base parts themselves, which makes it possible to place them vertically and in two positions rotated 90°. In order to achieve a greater fastening it has been provided for that the axial pins, at least the bottom ones, have in their sides small bulges that fit in the furrows existing in the larger surfaces of the base parts, close to the edges that mark the contour of said base parts. These parts can therefore have a square shape with an axial recess in the center and a concentric ring-shaped recess on each surface. Likewise, it has a perimetric groove and two flat extensions or tongue pieces located in two consecutive edges. To increase the fastening in the coplanar coupling, these tongue pieces can include some small bulges that insert by pressure. The surface of the different parallelepiped base parts correspond to a multiple of this elementary surface of the square base part. Irrespective of the fact that the cylindrical button is or is not assembled in these base parts, they represent digits, up to a maximum of ten, defined by the corresponding number of axial recesses included. In addition operations with different base parts, until a group of ten is formed, some sliders with a longitudinal hollow in one of the surfaces thereof, or in both, wherein the group of ten will be formed, are used. These sliders also advantageously have a perimetric groove and tongue pieces in their contour to thus allow use in constructions just like the base parts themselves. In order to be able to identify the length of the base parts with the digit that they represent, each one of the different types can be included in the respective slot provided for in a rectangular plate that will also advantageously have the perimetric groove for insertion of pieces of cardboard or the tongue pieces of other integral ports of the toy. Inside each one of these slots (from one to ten) the number with its shape and the outline thereof are marked, encouraging the student with the mnemonic drawings that would optionally be placed around the hollows of the shape. Another building part is defined by the "half" elements of the square base part, upon being divided into two complementary triangular parts that may or may not include an axial recess, though it does have the ring-shaped recess for insertion of the cylindrical buttons, in one surface or the other. Each one of these triangular portions includes in one of the legs the corresponding coplanar coupling side tongue piece. Grooved and tongued coupling of both triangular halves is made possible, as both of them have complementary projections and recesses, the projections being advantageously located in a same half part and at a distance between each other that corresponds to the diameter of the concentric ring-shaped recess of the base part, in order to allow coupling in a perpendicular position. In order to achieve the change of planes and hinged angular rotation and with different stable positions that cover 180° by rotation of 90° in one direction and the other, there are square base parts similar to the previous ones, but that have in one of their free edges of tongue pieces a pair of pins parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane thereof, between which a complementary projection provided on the other similar base part is coupled, these parts thus acting as limbs of a hinge. The edges of these limbs that end up close to each other, are advantageously beveled at 45°. Another type of part that takes part in the building set in question, consists of some square covers, provided on the bottom with a (continuos or discontinuous) ring-shaped projection that can insert in the coaxial ring-shaped recess of the base parts. These covers have on the top surface and corresponding to the ring-shaped projection of the bottom surface, a ring-shaped channel that can allow stacking of the covers. These covers can also be provided with a hollow coaxial cylindrical stub with a diameter corresponding to the axial recess of the base parts, for insertion thereof in a reverse position and to allow for more possibilities of assembly of parts in the construction. Another type of part, functionally similar to the covers, is defined by triangular parts obtained by a diagonal cut of the square covers. These covers totally occupy the surface of a square base part. With the square as well as elongated base parts, as well as with the triangular base parts, one can form a rectangular panel as a playing board, or else one that follows the contour of a desired drawing. One can obtain a mosaic motif by using the precise square or triangular covers, it not being necessary to use the cylindrical buttons. If one wishes to change the plane or the formation of three-dimensional structures, mosaic drawings can be made by also using the parts described finally, the hinge parts. Thus the structures that arise from them can be collapsible. It has also been provided for that another one of the parts of this building set, is defined by some separators that allow coplanar coupling, though distant, of the base parts, without these base parts having to remain grooved and tongued interconnected upon the extensions of one of them being housed in the perimetric groove of the other one. The cross section of these separating parts is "h-shaped" and the horizontal walls have their free edge curvi-concave in order to adapt to the contour of the stepped cylindrical buttons. This makes it possible to do without the linear sliders for the formation of groups of tens that thus remain slightly separated by means of these separating parts. As we have indicated above, thanks to the rotating arrangement that the cylindrical button adopts in the axial housing of the different base parts, the diametric groove of its top end is positioned in the desired angular position. The same thing could also be obtained, though not so freely, if the base parts included an axial recess star-shaped in one of its surfaces and the other one having an extension or orthogonal fin in diametric position. In stacked coupling, the tongue piece could be inserted in the selected star-shaped or radiating groove. To provide a better understanding of the features of the invention and forming an integral part of this specification, some sheets of drawings in whose figures, in an illustrative and non-restrictive manner, the following has been represented, are attached hereto: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view of a square base part including a cylindrical button with its bottom surface inserted, also showing in an exploded manner a second cylindrical button placed on top. Figure 2 is a cross section of a square base part with a cylindrical button with its bottom surface inserted. Figure 3 is a plan view of a square base part that has three cylindrical buttons assembled in different positions, one of these cylindrical buttons having connected perpendicularly another square base part. Figure 4 is a perspective view of a pair of parts of the building set, generally triangular, and that complement a square base part, both having interconnecting means to achieve grooved and tongued coupling thereof. Figure 5 is a perspective view of another part comprising the building set, defined as a hinge element, the latter being formed by the articulation of two limbs similar to respective square base parts. Figure 6 is a perspective view of a rectangular playing board that has a mosaic motif, achieved by using some covers insertable in the axial recess or ring-shaped recess of the base parts, these covers being of two types: square and triangular. Figure 7 is a perspective view of one of the square insertion covers for the formation of a mosaic drawing, one being able to see from the top the obverse side of the part, and from the bottom its reverse side. Figure 8 is a perspective view of the triangular covers, obtained by the diagonal cut of the square covers of figure 7. Figure 9 is a perspective view of a part similar to the square cover, with a coaxial cylindrical extension longer than the covers and a smaller contour surface, usable as an element to remove the covers themselves, at the top part of the playing board. Figure 10 is a perspective view of a didactic-educational toy that includes a set of building parts, forming a doll. Figure 11 is a perspective schematic perspective view of a part of the building set, that defines a template with ciphers to house in their respective hollows, different base parts depending on the number of insertion holes of the cylindrical buttons whose number the corresponding cipher determines. Figure 12 is a perspective view of another one of the parts included in the building set, defined by a slider with a base part location recess to sum up the formation of a group of ten, in didactic-education operations, likewise being usable for building, upon being provided with grooved and tongued coupling means. Figure 13 is a perspective view of a playing board with base parts grouped together in groups of ten, each one of them separated parallel to the contiguous ones by means of separating parts included in the proposed building set, thus being used for the formation of numbers and operations carried out with them. Figure 14 is a plan view to observe the connection of two base parts, by means of a separating part included in the building set, corresponding with the perspective detailed view of this same figure. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Making reference to the numbering used in the figures, we can see how the set of building parts for didactic-education toys, that the invention proposes, includes a type of part defined by the parallelepiped square base parts (1) and in the case of figure 1 with a quadrangular contour, this being the basic surface of the base parts (1). The rest of the parts have a multiple surface of t:he previous one, up to the longest length that includes ten basic units. The base parts include a perimetric groove (2) for grooved and tongued coupling into one another, as there are tongue pieces (3) on two contiguous edges. The quadrangular base part (1) includes an axial recess (4) for insertion of the cylindrical button (5). As we have indicated above, on both surfaces there are respective ring-shaped recesses (6) in which the peripheral axial pins (7) of the cylindrical button (5), emerging from the circular crown (8), through both surfaces of the same to allow for insertion of the cylindrical button in the top part or in the bottom part of the base plate (1), move. Reference (9) designates the diametric groove of the top part of the cylindrical button (5), that opens up on the sides, having therein a smaller width, as one can clearly see in figure 1. In figure 2 we can see the coupling of the cylindrical button (5) at the bottom part of the base part (1), housing the four top pins (7) of the former, in the ring-shaped recess (6) of the bottom surface of the base part (1). If the insertion had been done at the top part, it would be the bottom pins (7) of the cylindrical button (5) that would be inserted in the ring-shaped recess (6) of the top surface of the base part (1). In this way the stacking of different base parts (1) is achieved. Now making special reference to figure 3, we can see how due to the fact that the thickness of the base parts (1) corresponds to the distance between the axial pins (7) of the bottom surface of the cylindrical buttons (5), the base part (1) can be placed perpendicular to the cylindrical button, remaining retained between said axial pins (7), stabilizing the centered coupling position, upon providing for some small bulges (10) on the contact surface of the pins (7), insertable in the respective furrows (119 of the larger surfaces of the base parts (1), placed close to the edges of the perimeter thereof. In order to stabilize the relative position of rotation between the cylindrical button (5) and the base part (1), the walls of the ring-shaped recess (6) of the latter include some small teeth (12) that collaborate with the axial pins (7) of the cylindrical button (5). In figure 4 the triangular parts called "half" elements of the square base parts are referred to as numbers (13) and (14). Their contour is that of a right-angled triangle in one of whose legs there is the corresponding tongue piece (3) of coplanar coupling between different base parts. The edge corresponding to the hypotenuse has the axial half recess (4) of the base part (1) made therein. Therefore, these triangular parts (13) and (14) include the perimetric groove (2) and the corresponding part of the ring-shaped recess (6). Both parts can be interconnected in a grooved and tongued manner since part (13) includes the pair of projections (15) and since the second one is provided with recesses (16). The separation of the projections (15) corresponds with the diameter of the ring-shaped recess (6) in order to allow coupling of this half part with a base part placed orthogonally. In figure 5 another one of the parts comprising the building set is referred to as number (17). It materializes a hinged body since it has its limbs or half parts of the hinge articulated. Each one of them is defined by respective parts similar to the base parts (1) since they have the perimetric groove, tongue pieces, axial recess and ring-shaped recess to allow the different couplings of different parts. In the enlarged detailed view of this figure 5 we can see how the different angular positions of the hinge corresponding to the coplanar position of the limbs at 45° and at 90°, in one direction and the other, are kept stable. We can see that the edges of the limbs are beveled at 45° to facilitate the angular position of 90°. Now making special reference to figures 6 to 9, we can see how mosaic drawings are obtained by using specific parts of the building set, materialized by the base parts (1) to form the rectangular playing board in this case, and by the insertable covers (19) and other similar triangular ones obtained by the diagonal cut of the base parts. These triangular covers are referred to as number (20). The covers (19) are stackable upon having a ring-shaped projection on the bottom surface and a ring-shaped channel on the top surface, in opposite positions. These covers (19) are advantageously provided with a hollow coaxial cylindrical stub for insertion thereof in the reverse position in the axial recess of the base parts (1), whose height may be the most convenient one. In figure 9, a tool for removing covers (19) and (20) is referred to as number (21). The coaxial cylindrical stub thereof is notably longer to allow gripping. The quadrangular contour of this removing tool (21) is of a smaller dimension than the one corresponding to the covers (19) so as to not interfere with the contiguous ones when a mosaic decorated motif is being formed, such as the butterfly that is shown in figure 6. In figure 10, we can see different base parts (1) (with a square contour in this embodiment), used together with the hinged parts (17) and the triangular parts (13) and (14) for the formation of a doll. In figure 11 as reference number (22) we see a rectangular template that includes parallel slots or recesses (23) adapted to the dimensions of the base parts (1), having a different length to correspond with the correlative numbering that marks the cipher located in this embodiment, on the bottom part of the recesses or slots themselves. These templates (22) have a perimetric groove (2) to allow their coplanar coupling with other integral parts of the construction. By means of this perimetric groove, or else by means of fastening pincers (24), pieces of cardboard may be put in place in order to form an object, doll, animal, or place, thus obtaining a producer of situations to stimulate the student to operate mathematically. Another one of the integral parts of the building set is generally referred to as number (25) in figure 12 and it represents a slider with a rectangular slot or recess (23) in which base parts (1) can be located in order to complete the "group of ten" formed in this case by two base parts each one with five axial recesses, representative of the number five and that may or may not include the cylindrical buttons (5). This slider (25) includes the perimetric groove and the side tongue pieces for coplanar coupling between different sliders and/or templates (22), as well as to also allow connection in a coplanar manner to the base parts themselves (1). The width of the slider (25) corresponds with the double of the dimension corresponding to the side of the base parts (1) and the length corresponds to thirteen times the length of the side of said square base part. In figures 13 and 14 we can see as reference number (26) the separating parts with an "H"-cross section and distinguish by groups of ten the base parts (1) that are being formed upon operating in the formation of groups of one hundred. Thus, in the example of figure 13 the number 76, that can constitute an addend of another number formed until summing up the group of one hundred materialized by ten parallel alignments separated by the separating parts (26), has already been formed.

Claims: Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, including a parallelepiped base part (1) with grooved and tongued interconnecting means for coplanar coupling to other base parts, upon having a perimetric groove (2) in the edges thereof for insertion of flat parts or tongue pieces (3), independent or fixed as extensions in some of the edges, characterized in that the set of building parts further includes a cylindrical part that is formed as a stepped cylindrical button (5), connectable to the parallelepiped base part (1), said parallelepiped base part being provided with at least one axial receiving recess (4), for insertion of the cylindrical button the button being able to rotate in its housing due to the provision on the button of peripheral axial pins (7) that are housed in a ring-shaped recess (6) of the base part (1), concentric to the respective axial receiving recess (4) of the same; the end of said pins bulging and the ring-shaped recess (6) receiving the base part (1) having a "C"-shaped section for insertion. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 1, wherein the ring-shaped recesses (6) of the base part (1), as well as the axial pins (7) of the cylindrical button (5), exist on both surfaces to allow insertion of the cylindrical button (5) in the top surface or the bottom surface of the base part. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the top part of the cylindrical button (5) is provided with a diametric groove (9) that opens up to the periphery. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claims 2 or 3, wherein at least the axial pins (7) on the bottom surface of the cylindrical button (5), have in their sides some small bulges for insertion in respective furrows existing in the larger surfaces of the base parts, upon placing the latter on edge and in a diametric position with regard to the cylindrical button (5), upon remaining fixed between the pins and in two vertical positions rotated 90°, as the distance between the pins (7) corresponds to the thickness of the base part. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claims 3 or 4, wherein the ring-shaped recesses (6) of the base parts (1) for insertion of the pins (7) of the cylindrical button (5) are provided with some small teeth (10) that move with the pins (7) of the button (5) to mark different stable positions for the diametric groove (9) of the cylindrical button. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claims 2 to 5, wherein the top and bottom pins (7) of the buttons (5) permit stacking of the base parts (1), also achieving this stacking of base parts by bushings insertable through their ends in the respective ring-shaped recesses (6) of said base parts. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 6, wherein the bushings have their edges castellated forming legs similar to those of the cylindrical buttons (5) in an equal number and shape. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to any of the above claims, wherein the base parts (1) have a square contour and have a single axial recess (4), having two side, fixed or independent, tongue pieces, in two consecutive edges. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 8, characterized in that the square base part (1) is divided into two complementary triangular parts (13,14), which include an axial recess (4), having both coplanar coupling side tongue pieces (3), each one of them having in their edges corresponding to the hypotenuses, on each side of the axial recess (4), some complementary projections (15) and recesses (16) to allow grooved and tongued coupling thereof. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 9, wherein the projections (15) are in a same half part (13) and at a mutual distance that corresponds with the diameter of the concentric ring-shaped recess (6) of the base part (1), to allow coupling of this half part (13) with a base part (1) placed orthogonally. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes an articulated part (17) defined by two square base parts, one of which has in one of its edges free of tongue pieces, both pins parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane thereof for coupling with a complementary projection provided for in the other similar square base part, making it possible to form together a hinged body (17) with different stable angular positions and covering 180°; the longitudinal edges close to both limbs of the hinge being beveled in order to allow rotation of 90° in one direction or the other. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to any of the above claims, characterized in that it includes some covers (19) provided on the bottom with a projection insertable in the axial recess (4) or coaxial ring-shaped recess (6) of the square, elongated rectangular base parts (1), of the complementary triangular parts (13,14) or of the limbs of the hinged bodies (17). Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 12, wherein the covers (19) have in the bottom a ring-shaped projection and they have a ring-shaped channel on the top surface, in correspondence with the ring-shaped projection of the bottom surface, thus being stackable and being able to be provided with a hollow coaxial cylindrical stub for insertion thereof in a reverse position in the axial recess (4) of the base parts. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 13, wherein the bottom ring-shaped projection of the cover (19) is discontinuous and has four sections whose separation allows orthogonal arrangement in two positions, of another cover (19) or folded piece of cardboard or the like. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to any of the claims 12 to 14, wherein the covers (19) are divided into two parts (20) as they are cut by a diagonal plane. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes some rectangular templates (22), provided with a perimetric groove (2) and on whose surface there are parallel recesses (23) for insertion of square base parts (1) and other elongated ones that define the multiples of the basic square surface, up to the one corresponding to the number ten, having the corresponding cipher marked and shaped. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes some rectangular sliders with a perimetric groove and coplanar coupling tongue pieces, on whose surface there is a longitudinal recess for insertion of a base part having ten axial recesses, or a combination of other smaller base parts. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, characterized in that it includes : square base parts (1) provided with at least one axial recess (4) and concentric ring-shaped recesses (6), with a perimetric groove (2) and coplanar coupling tongue pieces (3), triangular base parts (13,14) obtained by cutting of the square base parts (1), according to a diagonal plane and that have grooved and tongued coupling means between them, square covers (19) provided with a continuous or discontinuous ring-shaped projection on their bottom surface for insertion in the ring-shaped recess of the base parts (6), also having a ring-shaped channel in the top surface for stacked coupling and a coaxial cylindrical stub for insertion in a reverse position, in the axial recess (4) of the base parts, triangular covers (20) obtained upon cutting by a diagonal plane the square covers (19), a rectangular panel as a playing board or to constitute the contour of a mosaic drawing with the help of triangular base parts (13,14); whereby the square (19) or triangular (20) covers needed to form other mosaic drawings are placed on said panel. Set of building parts for didactic-educational toys, according to claim 18, characterized in that it also includes hinged-type articulated parts (17) defined by two square base parts, one of which has in one of its edges free of tongue pieces, both pins parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane thereof for coupling with a complementary projection provided for in the other similar square base part, making it possible to form together a hinged body with different stable angular positions and covering 180° allowing the formation of three-dimensional and collapsible constructions.

Inventors: LEMOS MELENDEZ MANUEL, LEMOS MELENDEZ, MANUEL
Applicants: LEMOS MELENDEZ MANUEL, LEMOS MELENDEZ, MANUEL
Application year: 1996
Main classification: G09B1
IPC codes: G09B9, G09B1, A63H33, A63F9, G09B19