PROCEDURE AND CIRCUIT FOR HOLDING LOCK STATE IN A DIGITAL PLL

Abstract: A procedure is described for generation of a local clock signal by means of a digital PLL allowing the PLL to hold the lock even during any microbreaks in the synchronizing signal. The circuit which implements the procedure includes a module counter N (2DIV/N) dividing the local clock frequency in a manner identical to that used for the link. A logic (FF1/2/3; 1,2) presets the beginning of count in phase with the rising fronts of the external synchronism signal (CKRIF) to create a locally synthesized synchronism signal (CKRIF.RIC). A monostable (MONOS) detects the presence of the above mentioned fronts and commands a two-input selector (SEL) to switch to the PLL the external synchronism signal or, in the absence thereof, that synthesized locally. In a variant for PCM line signals the selector is replaced by a gate OR (SOM) and the monostable is missing.

Description: PROCEDURE AND CIRCUIT FOR HOLDING LOCK STATE IN A DIGITAL PLL ***** DESCRIPTION 5 The present invention relates to the field of generation of clock signals for the timing of digital equipment and specifically to a procedure for lock holding in a digital PLL during any transient breaks in the synchronized signal As known, the use of a phase lock link (PLL) as a local clock signal generator gives the generator the ability to follow a synchronized - or reference - io signal until it achieves the lock at the exact frequency of the reference signal This is a doubtless advantage in complex digital equipment consisting of several modules because it allows distributing a single synchronizing frequency which is a sub-multiple of that of the locally generated clock to each individual module to eliminate the problems of immunity to noise otherwise connected with the distribution 15 of a very high frequency such as is normally that of the main clock The standard diagram of a digital PLL can be seen in FIG 1 With reference to this FIG there is seen a block PLL (representing the PLL by coincidence of names) to whose input arrives from the exterior a digital reference signal CKRIF having frequency f r and at whose output is generated a digital clock signal ORLOC having 20 frequency f c = Nf r The block PLL comprises a voltage-controlled oscillator VCO which generates the signal ORLOC and sends it to a divider by N indicated by 1 DIV/N The latter produces at output a comparison signal CKF having frequency f c /N which is fed back to an input of a phase comparator FASCOMP implemented by means of a logical gate of the EX-OR type to whose other input arrives the reference 25 signal CKRIF The output of FASCOMP is connected to the input of an integrator circuit INTEG whose output is connected to the control input of the VCO In operation it can be seen that, with the exception of the block INTEG, all the other blocks produce at output digital signals For example, the phase comparator FASCOMP produces a square wave whose full/empty ratio supplies a measure of the " U ) phase shift between the reference CKRIF and comparison CKF signals present at the inputs with the shift being caused by the cumulative effect in time of the frequency difference thereof The fact that the synchronizing signal is digital does not constitute per se a limitation with respect to a possible analog synchronizing signal Indeed, it is 35 sufficient to use a level discriminator of known type to create from an analog synchronizing signal a corresponding two-level digital signal With reference to FIGS 2 and 3 there is shown the behaviour in time of the signals CKRIF, CKF and SF for two different situations which occur respectively when the frequency f c /N of the comparison signal CKF is slower than the signal f r of the reference signal CKRIF and when it is faster. As may be seen, in the former case the signal SF is a square wave in which the fulkempty ratio is greater than 50% while in the latter case it is less. Bu when f c /N = f r the frequency f c takes on the nominal value f c no and thereat the full/empty ratio of SF becomes exactly 50%. The integrator INTEG takes the continuous component of the signal SF constituting the control signal VC for correction of the frequency f c of the signal ORLOC generated by the VCO. The frequency correction of the comparison signal CKF created by division takes place as a result. In FIG. 4 is shown the behaviour of the frequency f c as a function of the control voltage VC of the VCO in an ideal situation such that when the control voltage VC takes on a nominal value corresponding to one-half of the nominal supply voltage Vcc of the device VCO the frequency f c takes on its nominal value f cnom From the chart of FIG 4 it may be seen that when the voltage VC is different from the ideal value Vcc/2, as e g. during the transient for achievement of the lock or in the presence of microbreaks or slight frequency shifts of the signal CKRIF, the VCO introduces variations in the frequency f c of the clock signal ORLOC with respect to the nominal value f cno m having a value and sign such that the phase difference between the two signals CKF and CKRIF at the input of the phase comparator FASCOMP is constantly brought back to π/2 Therewith the frequency difference between these signals is constantly canceled out. In real cases the voltage VC corresponding to the nominal frequency f cno nι can shift considerably from the value Vcc/2 of FIG. 4 due to the effect of surrounding temperature which can vary from 0° C to 70° C in the range of operation and due to the effect of the supply voltage Vcc which can vary in a range of validity of +10%. There is also the 'aging' phenomenon of the VCO which progressively takes the nominal voltage from the center of the characteristic to one of the two ends. Therefore the PLL of FIG 1 is normally found operating with a lock voltage VC between 0 and Vcc, to which corresponds in any case the nominal frequency f c included between a minimum frequency ι n and a maximum frequency f ^ - nay . In the real case indeed the difference in fixed phase between the two signals CKRIF and CKF at the input of the phase comparator FASCOMP wili be other than π/2 but will be such that the wave form of the corresponding signal SF has a full/empty ratio which, once integrated, will supply a voltage VC always corresponding to the nominal frequency f cnora There are many types of digital equipment which use PLL to regenerate the clock signal locally. Among these, those falling within the direct competence of the applicant and for which the invention was specifically developed are the public voice and data switching networks (PSTN) and public mobile telephone networks (PLMN). As known, these networks generally extend over targe geographical areas and nevertheless all the equipment of the network must operate synchronously. To this end a single synchronizing frequency is distributed at the various points of the network and a synchronizing diagram is used in which each element of the network receives the synchronizing frequency for its own PLL from another element which has a higher hierarchical rank in the network. To make this diagram more flexible the more important elements of the network in some particular cases can also operate temporarily with their own PLL unlocked from the synchronizing frequency. This takes place e.g. when the source of the synchronizing frequency is missing because of failures or reconfigurations which occur in other parts of the network. In this case, before the original synchronizing source is replaced with another source, these network elements utilize the high accuracy and stability of their oscillator to remain in a nearly synchronous or plesiochronous state with the rest of the network while waiting to resynchronize therewith. This capability is not in general supplied to the minor elements of the network, for which being equipped with such an accurate oscillator, as well as components and software necessary for managing it, is too costly Accordingly they must meet interruption of the synchronizing signal or other possible especially unfavorable operating conditions with only the capabilities offered by their own PLLs. If the latter are not capable of adequately meeting the above mentioned conditions there may occur malfunctions caused by loss of synchronization which in the less serious cases results only in ioss of information and in the worst cases puts the individual network element out of order. In the case of minor network elements using for synchronization the known PLL of FIG. 1 , there can easily occur loss of lock in the presence of a temporary brief break - or microbreak - of the synchronization signal CKRIF This shortcoming is due to the fact that the memory of the lock voltage at the nominal frequency is lost by the integrator INTEG during the microbreak. Specifically, in case of lack of the reference signal CKRIF, the signal SF for input to the integrator INTEG instantly becomes the comparison signal CKF, not-inverted or inverted, depending on whether the signal CKRIF is broken in 0 state or 1 state. The integrator reacts to this instantaneous variation of the input voltage SF in the known manner, i.e. by varying its output voltage VC in a more or less impulsive manner before stabilizing at a value generally different from that which preceded the microbreak. When because of the new value of VC, the frequency f c is highly varied with respect to the previous value, it is possible that upon reappearance of the synchronization signal CKRIF, the PLL will lose the frequency lock Beyond this assumption, if the frequency f c is slowed (or advanced) even by only 10 parts per million, i e 10 nanoseconds per millisecond, and if because of this delay (or advance) the phase shift accumulated by the signal CKF during the microbreak exceeds +π/2, (or -π/2), the phase lock is lost at the front of CKRIF to which the PLL was locked previously The above reasoning is based on the assumption normally occurring that at the end of the microbreak the signal CKRIF reappears without having undergone in the meantime a phase variation As the phase displacement of the clock signal ORLOC usually takes place always in the same direction during different microbreaks, successive shifts do not compensate for each other and the cumulative effect produces a loss of data and voice by the system What was stated concerning the digital PLL of FIG 1 applies also for digital PLLs with a phase comparator different from the EXCLUSIVE OR, or which possess a phase-frequency comparator To this last category belong the comparators capable of keeping the lock at the synchronizing front with phase 0 instead of with phase π/2 like that described above In each of the above mentioned cases the memory of the lock voltage is lost in the absence of the synchronizer because no element of the link is capable of keeping indefinitely present any one magnitude defining the lock state In international patent application (PCT) no WO 94/21048 in the name of NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, with reference to the only FIG 1 , there is described a method for generation of a clock signal (CLK) by means of a phase lock link compnsing a phase comparator (101 ), a link filter (102) and a voltage controlled oscillator (105) in which a synchronizing signal (MCLK) derived from a synchronism source is applied to a first input of the phase comparator (101) and the clock signal is locked to the synchronizing signal and characterized in that a sequence of samples of the oscillator control voltage (105) is memorized in a memory (11 1 ) for the entire duration of a predetermined time period in which the clock signal is locked to the synchronizing signal and that the sequence obtained from the memory replaces the control voltage obtained from the phase comparator (101) in response to a change in which a currently applied synchronizing signal becomes inadequate for its use in timing In the PLL which implements the circuitry of the above mentioned method, there is inserted for the purpose a block for numerical processing (106) of the control voltage emerging from the link filter (102) This block (106), which comprises among other things a digital filter (107) of the low-pass type and a selector (110) is entirely implemented by means of a microprocessor timed by its own oscillator (112, 113) The digital filter (107) produces the above mentioned sequence of the control voltage which is memorized continually in an external memory (111) of the nonvolatile type Under normal conditions of the synchronizing signal (MCLK) the selector (110) takes to the output of the processing block (106) the samples present at the output of the digital filter (107) But when the line interface circuits (114) inform the microprocessor of the presence of an alarm for the synchronizing signal (MCLK), the samples present in the external memory (111) are brought to the output of the processing block (106) In the link are of course inserted the necessary converters A/D and D/A From the foregoing the shortcomings of the quoted solution are obvious at first glance and consist essentially of being too costly, excessively complicating the circuit configuration of the PLL, necessitating a frequency reference signal (MCLK) equal to that of the clock (CLK) generated by the VCO, and lastly not enabling the PLL to remedy independently and automatically the microbreaks of the synchronizing signal but depending on alarm information generated outside it Accordingly the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above mentioned shortcomings and indicate a procedure for lock holding in a digital PLL during any transient breaks in the synchronizing signal To achieve the above mentioned purposes the present invention has for its subject matter a procedure for the generation of a local clock signal by means of a voltage controlled oscillator VCO belonging to a phase lock link PLL comprising additionally a divider by N of the local clock signal frequency which under lock conditions of the PLL creates a comparison signal whose nominal frequency is the same as that of an external synchronizing signal of the digital type or which, appropriately digitized and possibly affected by the temporary absence of level transitions, arrives at a first input of a phase comparator at whose other input arrives the above mentioned comparison signal The comparison of these signals supplies a voltage variable in time, whose quasi-continuous component extracted by an integrator, commands the VCO to vary the frequency of the local clock signal, in such a manner that the phase of the comparison signal and consequently that of the local ciock signal are locked to the phase of the synchronized signal This stated, and as described below in claim 1 , the procedure which is the subject matter of the present invention consists of the following steps (a) again dividing by N the frequency of the local clock signal, to create a copy of said comparison signal, which can differ from the original at most by a fixed phase difference, (b) initializing the division cycle so as to align the phase of the comparison signal copy with the external synchronizing signal phase, to create a locally synthesized reserve synchronizing signal which, due to the link feedback effect of the PLL, is locked in frequency and phase with the original, and (c) diagnosing a temporary absence of level transitions of the external synchronizing signal and, if it is absent, replacing the first input of the first phase-comparator input by the external synchronizing signal with the reserve synchronizing signal to restore the first signal upon return of the above mentioned transitions Another subject matter of the present invention is a circuit for the generation of a clock signal implementing the above described procedure as set forth in claims 2 to 5 The principal advantage of the procedure which is the subject matter of the present invention is to supply to the digital PLLs to which it is applied a memory of the lock state without the necessity of introducting even a minimal circuit modification thereof which, for the purposes of the procedure can be seen as black boxes while utilizing for the purpose an added circuitry of small cost Knowledge of the divider N used inside the PLL is easily inferred from the data sheet or directly obtainable from frequency measurements at the terminals The memory of the lock state as better explained below consists of a module counter N outside the PLL which is used to generate the reserve copy of the external synchronizing signal The counter becomes such a memory starting from the instant following achievement of the phase lock between the signal emerging from the count and the external synchronizing signal Indeed, while in the transient preceding the lock the PLL needs the external reference continuously, once the latter has been reached it becomes impossible to break the synchronizing signal, provided it is promptly replaced by the signal emerging from the extemal counter In this case the PLL would not lose the lock because the counter makes up for the lack of the external reference with a signal identical to the original before the break or, more precisely, which can differ in phase therefrom at most by ± 1/2 period of the local clock As proof of this the clock signal generated by the PLL, since it does not undergo variations continues to advance the count of the counter outside the PLL as though nothing had happened and the reserve synchronizing signal is consequently generated indefinitely with the same characteristics which the original had in the lock state just before the break From the foregoing it follows that, thanks to the procedure which is the subject matter of the present invention there is introduced a substantial improvement in the stability and reliability of the local clock signals generated by using digital PLLs and they are less affected by jitter Another advantage of the procedure is that it is applied to PLLs in which the reference signal has a lower frequency that that of the locally generated clock, thus avoiding causing to circulate too-high frequencies in the equipment Another advantage of the procedure is that it makes the PLL capable of remedying by itself and automatically the microbreaks of the synchronizing signal without thereby depending on alarm information generated externally thereto Another advantage of the procedure is lastly that, as better explained below, it allows the PLLs to generate a local clock signal using as an extemal synchronizing signal a string of bits having the significance of data coming from a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) signal The advantages of the procedure also extend by analogy to the circuit which, if employed in the minor elements of a telecommunications network, allows holding synchronism every where without making the systems presently in use more complicated and costly and there are also avoided the malfunctions connected with the losses of synchronization mentioned above Further purposes and advantages of the present invention are clarified in the detailed description of an embodiment thereof given below by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the annexed drawings wherein FIG 1 shows a block diagram of a digital PLL in accordance with the prior art, FIGS 2 and 3 show wave forms of signals which concern the operation of a block FASCOMP of FIG 1 , FIG 4 shows a typical control function of a generic VCO, FIG 5 shows a block diagram of the circuit for the generation of a clock signal by means of a digital PLL with memorization of the lock point of the PLL which is the subject matter of the present invention, FIG 6 shows in greater detail a block RICOS of FIG 5, FIGS 7 and 8 show wave forms of signals which time the operation of the principal blocks of FIGS 5 and 6, FIG 9 shows a variant of the block diagram of FIG 5, FIG 10 shows a PCM line connection applicable for the variation of FIG 9, and FIG 1 1 shows the wave forms of input-output signals of a block RICOS' of FIG 9 As concerns the illustration of the PLL of FIG 1 and the associated FIGS 2, 3 and 4 reference is made to the remarks contained in the introduction With reference to FIG 5 there is noted a block RICOS' located upstream of a block PLL identical to that shown in FIG 1 To a first input of the block RICOS' there arrives from the outside a synchronizing - or reference - digital signal CKRIF and to a second input a clock signal ORLOC generated by the block PLL The signals ORLOC and CKRIF are identical to those of the same names of FIG 1 but, as regards CKRIF , remarks set forth below are necessary From the block RICOS' there emerges a synchronizing digital signal CKRIF' which reaches the input of the block PLL The block RICOS' includes a block RICOS for reconstruction of the synchronizing signal CKRIF, a monostable MONOS and a two-input selector SEL The signals CKRIF and ORLOC reach the reconstruction block RICOS from which emerges a reconstructed synchronizing signal CKRIF RIC directed to a first input of the selector SEL at whose second input arrives the original synchronizing signal CKRIF At the selection input of SEL arrives a signal IMPSEL generated by the monostable MONOS operated by the signal CKRIF With reference to FIG 6 in which the elements and signals common to the preceding FIGS are indicated by the same symbols it is seen that the block RICOS includes three type-D bistables indicated by FF1 , FF2 and FF3 respectively and cascade connected together and with the signal CKRIF which reaches the input of the first thereof FF1 The clock signal ORLOC in true logical form reaches the clock input of the bistable FF2 and in negated form obtained from an inverter 1 , the clock inputs of the bistables FF1 and FF3 The output of the last bistable FF3 is connected to a first input of a logical gate 2 having two type-AND inputs and whose other input is connected to the output of the bistable FF2 The output of the gate 2 is connected to the count start set input - or SET - of a module counter N indicated by 2DIV/N at whose clock input arrives the signal ORLOC The signal emerging from an MSB pin of 2DIV/N corresponding to a most significant bit of the count is the reconstructed synchronizing signal CKRIF RIC The operation of the circuits of FIGS 5 and 6 is now discussed in the light of the above remarks concerning the procedure which is the subject matter of the present invention and with particular reference to the timings of FIGS 7 and 8 of which FIG 7 concerns the block RICOS and FIG 8 concerns the blocks MONOS and SEL From the procedure it follows that the counter 2DIV/N must be identical to the counter 1 DIV/N tn the PLL of FIG 1 in such a manner that both divide the frequency of ORLOC by the same number N What appears evident immediately from a comparison of FIGS 1 and 5 is that in the former case the synchronizing signal CKRIF reaches directly the input of the PLL while in the latter case it reaches it through the selector SEL which as an alternative can send to the PLL the synchronizing signal CKRIF RIC reconstructed by the block RICOS The two alternatives merge in the single signal CKRIF' which reaches the PLL The choice between one and the other is determined by the logical state of the signal IMPSEL generated by the monostable MONOS. FIG 8 shows that the signal CKRIF which under normal conditions corresponds to a square wave suddenly breaks and remains fixed at level zero The monostable MONOS is used to detect the presence of the signal CKRIF For this purpose, after each rising front of CKRIF the signal IMPSEL is held by the monostable at the low logical level for a certain time on duty equal to a few periods of CKRIF (1 in FIG 8) during which the selector SEL allows the signal CKRIF to pass to the PLL During a microbreak of the signal CKRIF lasting longer than the above mentioned duty time the signal IMPSEL switches to high logical level and to the output of the selector SEL is brought the signal CKRIF RIC The timing of the signal CKRIF' of FIG 8 summarizes the remarks The fact that, between the break of CKRIF and restoration of CKRIF RIC at the input of the PLL, the duty time occurs during which the PLL is without any synchronizing signal does not involve significant drawbacks, since the duty time is always chosen smaller than the time constant of the integrator INTEG (FIG 1) Summarizing the above discussion, the block RICOS' which implements the invention as circuitry always supplies at the input of the PLL a synchronizing signal CKRIF' even in the absence of the external synchronizing signal CKRIF Specifically, the above mentioned block detects the presence of CKRIF and, if it finds it present, it does nothing but let it pass transparently to PLL while otherwise it synthesizes a synchronizing signal CKRIF RIC which takes the place of the original The reconstruction block RICOS completes the above mentioned operation by using the counter 2DIWN to divide by N the frequency of the clock signal ORLOC generated by the PLL and the logic connected to the SET input of 2DIV/N to align the phase of the wave form corresponding to the states of the most significant bit MSB of the counter 2DIV/N with the phase of the reference signal CKRIF, an operation which it performs continuously during the presence of CKRIF The wave form coming from MSB is taken in FIG 7 in negated form but this does not affect the general nature of the mode of operation of the alignment logic As shown in FIG 7 after each level transition of the signal CKRIF, the circuit generates a pulse ALLIN which sets the counter 2DIV/N to count value 1 during one period of the local clock ORLOC, following that which starts in coincidence with the rising front of the signal CKRIF RIC In this manner the two signals CKRIF and CKRIF RIC are aligned in phase within ± 1/2 period of ORLOC and indeed CKRIF is sampled by the bistable FF1 on the falling fronts of ORLOC while CKRIF RIC is generated on the rising fronts of ORLOC. In the left-hand side of FIG. 7 is shown a situation in which the signal CKRIF is in advance of CKRIF.RIC, but this does not affect the general nature of the above remarks on the behaviour of the circuit of FIG. 6 with respect to the case where the signal CKRIF is delayed with respect to CKRIF.RIC. In both cases the loop feedback of the PLL will ensure that after a certain number of count cycles of 2DIV/N the signal CKRIF.RIC will align in phase with CKRIF as shown in FIG. 7 on the right. Specifically, even when the PLL reaches lock while holding a phase displacement other than null between the reference CKRIF and the comparison signal CKF (FIG. 1) as in general takes place for the PLL of FIG. 1 , the phase displacement between CKRIF and CKRIF.RIC always remains within ± 1/2 period of ORLOC With reference to FIG. 9 there is illustrated a circuitry variant applicable when the external synchronizing signal is a PCM line signal as indicated in FIG. 9 by CKRIF (PCM). The block diagram of FIG. 9 differs from that of FIG 5 only in that one logic gate with two inputs SOM of type OR replaces the selector SEL and the monostable MONOS is also absent. FIG 10 shows a typical PCM line connection in which can be seen a transmission line LIN which enters a receiver RIC and is connected there to the primary of a pulse transformer TRM. The receiver RIC also comprises, even if not expressly indicated, the circuits of the variant of FIG. 9. The secondary of the transformer TRM has one end connected to the same ground to which are connected the circuitry devices of the receiver RIC. On the line LIN travels a PCM reception signal which is transferred to the secondary of TRM and thence reaches the input of the block RICOS and the logical gate SOM of the variant. Some bits of the PCM serial signal and the associated wave form CKRIF RIC can be seen in the first two timings indicated above in FIG 1 1 where it can be seen that the signal CKRIF (PCM) can be considered a clock signal with fronts missing opposite the bits having logical value zero. As known, in accordance with certain hypotheses it is possible to utilize a PCM signal for the synchronization of a PLL because it is the PLL which reconstructs the fronts missing opposite the zeroes of the PCM data The PCM line signai includes an appropriate code which remedies the cases where a long sequence of zeroes in the PCM data would make regeneration of the clock done with a PLL not having memory of the lock state critical. The circuit variant of FIG 9 allows for the fact that in the absence of the signal CKRIF (PCM) a low logic level is always caused at the input of the circuits of the receiver RIC (FIG 10) because of the alternate coupling of the PCM signal and - l i ¬ the grounding of one end of the secondary of the pulse transformer TRM. In this case it is therefore possible to select the synchronizing signal best suited to be sent to the PLL by means of a simple logical gate OR possessing also the advantage of adding to the signal CKRIF (PCM) all the fronts missing opposite the zeroes of the PCM datum A similar simplification would not be applicable to the blocks of FIG. 5 because in the absence of the signal CKRIF there would be uncertainty about the logical state at the input of the gate OR which would replace the selector SEL and the monostable MONOS. In FIG 11 can be seen the wave forms of the signals present at the input and output of the gate SOM of FIG 9, from which it is noted that the reconstructed synchronizing signal CKRIF RIC supplies to the signal CKRIF', entering the PLL, the fronts which are missing in the signal CKRIF (PCM) and replaces the latter when the latter breaks From the above remarks it follows that since CKRIF' is now a clock signal not missing any front it can be divided inside the PLL so as to perform the phase comparison at a lower frequency than the line frequency which is 2048 kHz.

Claims: CLAIMS 1 Procedure for the generation of a local clock signal (ORLOC) by means of a voltage controlled oscillator VCO belonging to a phase lock link PLL comprising additionally a divider by N of the local clock signal frequency which under lock conditions of the PLL creates a comparison signal (CKF) whose nominal frequency is the same as that of an external synchronizing signal of the digital type (CKRIF) or which, appropriately digitized and possibly affected by the temporary absence of level transitions, is made to arrive at a first input of a phase comparator (FASCOMP) at whose other input arrives the above mentioned comparison signal (CKF) The comparison of these signals supplies a voltage variable in time (SF) whose quasi-continuous component (VC) extracted by an integrator (INTEG) commands the VCO to vary the frequency of the local clock signal in such a manner that the phase of the comparison signal (CKF) and consequently that of the local clock signal (ORLOC) are locked to the phase of the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) and characteπzed in that it consists of the following steps (a) again dividing by N the frequency of the local clock signal (ORLOC) to create a copy of said comparison signal (CKF), which can differ from the original at most by a fixed phase difference (b) initializing the division cycle performed outside the PLL so as to align the phase of said comparison signal copy with the external synchronizing signal phase (CKRIF) to create a locally synthesized reserve synchronizing signal (CKRIF RIC) which, due to the link feedback effect of the PLL, is locked in frequency and phase with the original (CKRIF) and (c) diagnosing a temporary absence of level transitions of the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) and if it is absent replacing the first input of the first phase-comparator (FASCOMP) by the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) with the locally synthesized synchronizing signal (CKRIF RIC) to restore the first signal (CKRIF) upon return of the above mentioned transitions 2 Circuit for the generation of a local clock signal (ORLOC) by means of a voltage controlled oscillator VCO belonging to a phase lock link PLL and comprising additionally a divider by N (1 DIV/N) of the frequency of the local clock signal which under lock conditions of the PLL creates a comparison signal (CKF) whose nominal frequency is equal to that of an external synchronizing signal of the digital type (CKRIF) or, appropriately digitized and possibly affected by temporary absence of level transitions made to reach a first input of a phase comparator (FASCOMP) to whose other input arrives said comparison signal (CKF) with the comparison of said signals supplying a time variable voltage (SF) whose nearly continuous component (VC) extracted from an integrator (INTEG) command said VCO to vary the frequency of the local clock signal in such a manner that the phase of the comparison signal (CKF) and consequently that of the local clock signal (ORLOC) are locked to the phase of the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) and characterized in that it comprises a second divider by N (S/DIVN) of the frequency of said local clock signal (ORLOC) which creates a locally synthesized synchronizing signal (CKRIF RIC), means of initializing the division cycles (FF1,FF2,FF3,1,2) which initialize said second divider (2/DIVN) opposite the start of each new period of the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) and the fronts of said local clock signal (ORLOC), means of detecting (MONOS) the presence or absence of level transitions of the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF), means of selecting (SEL) a synchronizing signal to be sent to said phase comparator (FASCOMP) commanded by said detection means (MONOS) to select said external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) if it is present or if absent said locally synthesized reserve synchronizing signal (CKRIF RIC) 3 Circuit for the generation of a local clock signal in accordance with claim 2 and characterized in that said selection means consist of a two-input selector (SEL) and said detection means consist of a monostable (MONOS) driven by the rising fronts of the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) which produces a command pulse (IMPSEL) for the selector (SEL) whose duration is a few periods of the signal at its own input with said duration being considerably less that the time constant of said integrator (INTEG) 4 Circuit for the generation of a local clock signal in accordance with claim 2 and characterized in that when said external synchronizing signal is a temporal string of bits corresponding to a PCM line signal (CKRIF [PCM]) said detection means (MONOS) and selection means (SEL) correspond to a single logical gate of the OR type to whose inputs arrive respectively said synchronizing, external (CKRIF [PCM]), and locally synthesized (CKRIF RIC) signals 5 Circuit for the generation of a local clock signal in accordance with claim 2, 3 or 4 and characterized in that said initializing means for the division cycles consists of three type-D bistables located in cascade (FF1 ,FF2, FF3) of which a first (FF1 ) at which arrives said extemal synchronizing signal (CKRIF) and a third (FF3) whose output is connected to an input for count start set (SET) of said second divider (2/DIVN) are timed by the falling fronts of said local clock signal (ORLOC) while the remaining bistable (FF2) which is located between the two above is timed by the rising fronts of this signal 6 Circuit for the generation of a local clock signal in accordance with claim 5 and characterized in that the negated output of said third bistable (FF3) is connected to said input for count start set (SET) through a logical gate with two inputs (2) of the AND type whose second input is connected to the input of the third bistable (FF3) 7 Circuit for the generation of a local clock signal in accordance with any of claims 2 through 6 and characterized in that said locally synthesized synchronizing signal (CKRIF RIC) is present in negated form at an output corresponding to a most significant bit (MSB) of a module counter N (2/DIVN) making up said second divider and, due to the loop feedback effect of the PLL, it is locked in frequency and phase with the external synchronizing signal (CKRIF) while differing in phase therewith at most by ± 1/2 period of the local clock signal (ORLOC)

Inventors: VITI MAURIZIO, VITI, MAURIZIO
Applicants: ITALTEL SPA, ITALTEL S.P.A.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: H03L7
IPC codes: H03L7