ULTRASOUND THERAPY DEVICE

Abstract: A method for enchancing absorption of a light sensitive drug in a selected tissue site provides a delivery apparatus. The delivery apparatus introduces a light sensitive drug and includes an ultrasound apparatus with an ultrasound emitter coupled to an ultrasound source. The light sensitive drug is introduced into a patient's body. Ultrasound energy is produced. Ultrasound energy is directed to the light sensitive drug following absorption of the light sensitive drug at the selected tissue site to activate the light sensitive drug.

Description: ULTRASOUND THERAPY DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This ultrasound therapy device can be used for thrombosis, atherosclerosis and other diseases and for the purpose of therapy of re-occlusion after angioplasty treatment with the PTCA, DCA, stent, laser, rotors, etc. The invention can be especially used by a catheter with an ultrasound emitting element mounted at the tip which can expose ultrasound to the light sensitive drug. Description of Related Art Previous technology: For example, in the case of acute myocardial infarction, the coronary artery can be clogged by thrombus or atherosclerotic changes, thus preventing oxygen supply to the heart muscle resulting in necrosis. One method of treatment for myocardial infarction in internal medicine is administration of thrombolytic agents. This means of therapy is to administrate drugs orally or by injection to dissolve the clots. However, this non-surgical thrombus dissolving treatment drug circulates within the whole body, preventing adequate drug absorption to the target. Thus, the amount of drug dosage at the lesion is very small compared to total administration volume and is considered a problem as an efficient drug administration method. Also, increasing the drug concentration to obtain effects may result in severe side effects in other organs. On the other hand, such other methods as mechanical blood dilation method, are known to locally treat thrombo-atherosclerotic lesions. Blood vessel dilatation treatment, called PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) is done under x-ray by inserting a guide wire percutaneously from the femoral artery to the coronary artery to deliver a catheter with a balloon at the tip which can be inflated. This balloon can dilate the stenotic lesion resulting in an increase of blood flow. There are other methods such as laser and drills to ablate the lesion. However, after these procedures, restenosis occurs in several months after the treatment in as high a rate as 30%-50% of the patients. A routine check up after treatment by coronary angiography is repeated, if there is restenosis, angioplasty is repeated. Some cases need another dilatation treatment and in cases where there is impossible, coronary bypass surgery is performed. In order to prevent restenosis, there is a method of placing at the location of stenosis, a metal net like cylinder device called stents, which supports vascular wall after dilatation by a balloon catheter. Still, the rate of occurrence of restenosis is high. Restenosis is induced by injury of the inner wall of the blood vessel made while inserting the balloon or stents. It is thought that neointimal hyperplasia is the cause of restenosis. Recently, in order to prevent restenosis, photodynamic therapy using light sensitive drugs is under investigation with such drugs as Photofrin, UpD, DHE E (dihematoporphrin and ether), Chloroalunum sulfonated phthalocyanine, 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-amino-levulinic acid, etc.. See Paolo Ortu, et al., Photodynamic Therapy of Arteries. Circulation. American Heart Association Journal (1992, vol. 85, pp. 1 189-1196). Light sensitive drugs are activated when exposed to light and becomes drug effective. Thus, after administration of the drug into the body, light exposure to the target lesion will induce drug effectiveness only at that location. Thus, there is the benefit that photodynamic therapy using light sensitive drugs are less apt to have side effects to non-diseased portions. However, there is a problem in that there is a need to expose light from outside the body in the case of photodynamic therapy. As light only penetrates at the most 1 cm into human tissues, therapeutic effects can only be obtained at locations near the surface of the body. In addition, when we try to penetrate light to a greater distance from the surface of the body, there is a need to increase the exposure energy. In this case, there was a possibility that the patient will experience heat and degeneration of tissues. There is the problem of higher cost due to enlargement of the device. In addition, there is the problem of light absoφtion by the red blood cells when photodynamic therapy is used as a blood vessel treatment. In current photodynamic therapy of blood vessels, blood stream is stopped at the lesion and a transparent liquid is replaced which is a complicated procedure. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a drug delivery tool to locally treat diseases without the use of light energy. The ultrasound therapy device can be inserted into the blood vessel to expose ultrasound to light sensitive drugs and activate the light sensitive drug. Also, the ultrasound therapy device can expose ultrasound from outside the body, expose ultrasound to the light sensitive drug which is injected into the blood stream and a means to activate the light sensitive drugs. The light sensitive drug can be delivered via the catheter or by conventional injection to the blood stream. The ultrasound emitter at the tip of the catheter can activate the light sensitive drug inside the blood vessel. The drug can be activated by ultrasound energy as well as light energy so the light sensitive drugs are activated by ultrasound. Thus, light sensitive drugs only become effective near the diseased location and makes it possible to treat site specifically. Additionally, it is possible for ultrasound energy to be exposed from outside the body. Compared to light energy, ultrasound can reach further and deeper located lesions from the surface of the body because there is less energy decrease while penetrating the tissue, making is possible to activate light sensitive drues at the lesion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Fig. 1 is a schematic of the ultrasound therapy device of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged diagram of the cross-section of the ultrasound generating device. Fig. 3 is a schematic of the hypeφlasia of blood vessels. Figs. 4a-b are cross-views of the Fig. 3 blood vessel XX line and YY line cut at right angle of the longitude axis of the vessel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Example of Use: The following is a specific and detailed description with diagrams of an example of the use of the invention. Figure 1 shows a schematic of how the ultrasound device of the invention can be used. The catheter device 2 made from Teflon or silicone has an ultrasound emitting element 3 at the tip, which is inserted into the blood vessel 1. Figure 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the device 3. The ultrasound emitting element 3, a cylinder like electrical element 4, the inner side of the element surface 4 has for instance a silver electrode 5 shaped as a cylinder. The outer surface element 4 is similarly plastered in a cylinder like shape as an outer electrode 6. in addition, the inner 5 and outer 6 surface of the electrodes are coated as to maintain electrical isolation from the outside. Both the electrodes are connected to a lead wire 7 and 8. The lead wires 7 and 8 both go along through the inside of the catheter 2 to the root of the catheter outside the body. Also, the tip of the ultrasound generating device 32 is capsulated in a circular disk 9. The diameter of the tip of the catheter can be about 1mm and 1 mm in length in the longitude axis direction. However, the size can be varied differently according to the type or state of the disease lesion and is not limited to this specific size. Electrical signals at ultrasound frequencies is inputted between electrodes 5 and 6 of the ultrasound generating device 3 to permit the electrical element 4 to generate ultrasound in the direction of arrow P by physical vibration. The ultrasound vibration will be exposed to the light sensitive drug in the blood stream Id within the blood vessel 1 and in the intimal layer la of the blood vessel wall. Ultrasound will be transmitted in the direction Q as shown in Figure 1 at a right angle of the ultrasound element surface 4. In other words, ultrasound will be radiated at a right angle of the axis of the ultrasound generating device 3 thus efficiently exposing ultrasound vibration to the intimal layer. When the intimal layer la is exposed to ultrasound vibration, tissues relax by ultrasound making drugs to be absorbed easier. Experiment Example: The following is an experiment which proves that there was inhibiting effects of neointimal hypeφlasia using this ultrasound generating device described above (experiment A). The abdominal aorta intimal layer la of Japanese white rabbits were balloon injured (Fogarty, 4f) for a length of 7 cm under anesthesia by Nembutal (24mg/kg). Diagram 1A shows the range of intimal layer injury of the blood vessel, lb is the smooth muscles layer, and lc is the external layer. Immediately after injury of the artery. Photo frin II (5mg/kg) known as a light sensitive drug, was injected intravenously from the ear. At the same time, as shown in diagram 1 , the ultrasound generating device was used to expose ultrasound for 10 minutes at the center 1 cm length of the injured artery. B in diagram 1 was ultrasound exposed and Id contains light sensitive drugs in the blood. Ultrasound intensity was 0.3W/cm : and frequency 1.3 MHz. Four weeks after, the ultrasound exposed portion B and the non- ultrasound portion B and C were incised, cross-cut and stained with EVG stain. The hypeφlasia area was measured by a computer (Macintosh Quadra 800) for graphical analysis. The ratio of intimal area and media area was measured. Figure 3 shows a scheme of the state of hypeφlasia. Figure 4(a). (b). shows cross-sectional views cut in the right angle of the longitude direction as X-X line and Y-Y line. Additionally, in order to determine the effects of ultrasound alone, immediately after blood vessel wall injury the same procedure was performed, however, without administration of Photofrin II (experiment B). Comparison were performed with student's t test (paired, 0<0.05) between ultrasound and non-ultrasound exposed samples. ANOVA was used for other comparisons. The neointimal area was defined as the cross-sectional area of the surface to the intima layer and medial area between the intima to the external layer. The results are shown below: Table 1 Intimal/Medial Area Ratio Difference Experiment A Ultrasound+Photofrin II 0.24 ± 0.12 positive N=9 Photofrin II alone 0.55 ± 0.12 Experiment B Ultrasound alone 0.53 ± 0.21 negative N=7 Non-treated 0.59 ± 0.19 Results from experiments A and B show that Photofrin II alone or ultrasound alone had no suppressing effect of hypeφlasia. However, ultrasound exposure and Photofrin II administration resulted in significant therapeutic effects. In the above case, ultrasound was exposed to the blood vessel from outside the body, however as described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5.158.071. ultrasound can be focused to a certain location inside the body by extracoφoreal ultrasound energy irradiation to light sensitive drugs. The Effects of the Invention As described above, according to this invention, as light sensitive drugs are also sensitive to ultrasound, ultrasound was applied instead of light. By this method, diseased lesions far at a distance from the surface of the body can be treated locally with the effect of drugs effectively for treatment. The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for puφoses of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents. What is claimed is:

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A drug delivery tool, comprising: a delivery apparatus for introducing a light sensitive drug into a patient's body, wherein a least a portion of the light sensitive drug is absorbed at a selected tissue site; and an ultrasound apparatus including an ultrasound emitter coupled to an ultrasound source and producing an ultrasound energy, wherein the ultrasound emitter is configured to direct ultrasound energy to the selected tissue site to activate the light sensitive drug. 2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is configured to direct ultrasound energy into a wall of a blood vessel. 3. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is configured to direct ultrasound energy into a wall of a blood vessel following mechanical angioplasty. 4. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the delivery device is configured to inject the light sensitive drug into a patient's circulatory system. 5. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the delivery device is configured to inject the light sensitive drug into a patient's blood vessel. 6. The tool of claim 1, wherein the emitter is configured to direct ultrasound energy in a lateral direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the delivery apparatus. 7. The tool of claim 1. wherein the emitter is configured to direct ultrasound energy in a parallel direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the delivery apparatus. 8. The tool of claim 1. wherein the emitter is configured to generate 0.02 to 10 W/cm 2 at a frequency of 20 KHz to 10 MHz. 9. The tool of claim 1, wherein the emitter is configured to generate 0.3 W/cm 2 at a frequency of 1.3 MHz. 10. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the delivery apparatus is a catheter. 11. The tool of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the ultrasound emitter is coated with a biocompatible material. 12. The tool of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at an exterior of the catheter. 13. The tool of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at an exterior of the catheter and configured to focus ultrasound energy in a blood vessel lesion. 14. The tool of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at a catheter distal end. 15. The tool of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at the exterior of the catheter proximal from a catheter distal end. 16. The tool of claim 10, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in a wall of the catheter. 17. The tool of claim 10. wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in a lumen of the catheter. 18. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at an exterior of the patient's body. 19. The tool of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of the patient's body. 20. The tool of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound emitter is configured to be positioned in an interior of a blood vessel. 21. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is configured to be positioned in an interior of a blood vessel adjacent to a blood vessel lesion. 22. The tool of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound emitter is configured to be positioned in an interior of a blood vessel to deliver the ultrasound energy to a blood vessel lesion. 23. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter has a cylindrical geometry. 24. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter has a rectangular geometry. 25. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter has a conical geometry. 26. The tool of claim 1. wherein the ultrasound emitter has a non- circular cross-section geometry. 27. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound emitter comprises multiple components. 28. A method for enhancing absoφtion of a light sensitive drug in a selected tissue site, comprising: providing a delivery apparatus for introducing a light sensitive drug, and an ultrasound apparatus including an ultrasound emitter coupled to an ultrasound source; introducing the light sensitive drug into a patient's body; producing ultrasound energy; and directing the ultrasound energy to the light sensitive drug following absoφtion of the light sensitive drug at the selected tissue site to activate the light sensitive drug. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: directing ultrasound energy to the selected tissue site to enhance absoφtion of the light sensitive drug prior to activation of the light sensitive drug. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy into a wall of a blood vessel. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy into a wall of a blood vessel following angioplasty. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the delivery device is positioned in a patient's circulatory system. 33. The method of claim 28. wherein the delivery device is positioned in a patient's blood vessel. 34. The method of claim 28. wherein the emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy in a lateral direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the delivery apparatus. 35. The method of claim 28, wherein the emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy in a parallel direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the delivery apparatus. 36. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at an exterior of the patient's body. 37. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of the patient's body. 38. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of a blood vessel. 39. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of a blood vessel adjacent to a blood vessel lesion. 40. The method of claim 28, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in a blood vessel that includes a lesion. 41. The method of claim 28, wherein the selected tissue site is a blood vessel lesion. 42. The method of claim 28. wherein the light sensitive drug is one of poφhyrin. chlorin, acridine derivative, rhodamine, tetracycline, photofrin. UpD. DHE/E (dihematopoφhrin and ether), chloroalunum sulfonated phthalocyanine. 8-methoxypsoralen. or 5-amino-levulinic acid. 43. A method for activating a light sensitive drug, comprising: providing a delivery apparatus for introducing a light sensitive drug, and an ultrasound apparatus including an ultrasound emitter coupled to an ultrasound source; introducing the light sensitive drug into a patient's body, wherein a selected tissue site absorbs at least a portion of the light sensitive drug; producing ultrasound energy; directing the ultrasound energy to the light sensitive containing tissue site including the light sensitive drug; and activating the light sensitive drug in the selected tissue site. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy into a wall of a blood vessel. 45. The method of claim 43 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy into a wall of a blood vessel following angioplasty. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the delivery device is positioned in a patient's circulatory system. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the delivery device is positioned in a patient's blood vessel. 48. The method of claim 43, wherein the emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy in a lateral direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the delivery apparatus. 49. The method of claim 43, wherein the emitter is positioned to direct ultrasound energy in a parallel direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the delivery apparatus. i 50. The method of claim 43, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned at an exterior of the patient's body. 51. The method of claim 43 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of the patient's body. 52. The method of claim 43, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of a blood vessel. 53. The method of claim 43 , wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in an interior of a blood vessel adjacent to a blood vessel lesion. 54. The method of claim 43, wherein the ultrasound emitter is positioned in a blood vessel with a lesion. 55. The method of claim 43, wherein the light sensitive drug is one of poφhyrin, chlorin, acridine derivative, rhodamine, tetracyline, photofrin, UpD, DHE/E (dihematopoφhrin and ether), chloroalunum sulfonated phthalocyanine, 8-methoxypsoralen, or 5-amino-levulinic acid.

Inventors: TACHIBANA KATSURO, TACHIBANA SHUNRO, TACHIBANA, KATSURO, TACHIBANA, SHUNRO
Applicants: EKOS LLC, TACHIBANA KATSURO, TACHIBANA SHUNRO, EKOS, LLC, TACHIBANA, KATSURO, TACHIBANA, SHUNRO
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61B19
IPC codes: A61B17, A61B18, A61K41, A61M37, A61N5, A61N7