BIOACTIVE FUSION PROTEINS AND PRE-EXISTING TUMOR THERAPY

Abstract: Fusion proteins, such as a bioactive IL-12 polypeptide, which comprise at least two polypeptide monomers (chains of amino acids) joined through a heterologous polypeptide linker and which are bioactive, as well as their production, are described. Also described are tumor cells transduced to express the fusion proteins and methods of treating disorders characterized by established tumors.

Description: BIOACTIVE FUSION PROTEINS AND PRE-EXISTING TUMOR THERAPY Related Applications This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. Serial No. 08/385,335, filed February 8, 1995, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background of the Invention Production of therapeutic proteins, such as those which are dimeric, is often difficult, inefficient and expensive. Production of a dimer may require separate expression of the two components, followed by joining of those components to form a functional dimer. Alternative methods of producing functional dimeric proteins would be useful. Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to fusion proteins which comprise at least two polypeptide monomers (chains of amino acids) joined through a polypeptide linker and are bioactive, as well as to their production. In one embodiment, the bioactive fusion proteins of the present invention comprise two or more polypeptides which occur as subunits or monomers in a corresponding bioactive native dimeric protein and are linked through heterologous amino acid residues (amino acid residues which are not present between two subunits in the native protein) . As it occurs in nature, the cytokine IL-12 is a heterodimer made up of a 40 kDa subunit (p40) linked by a disulfide bond to a 35 kDa subunit (p35) . Gillessen. S. et. al . , Eur. J. Immunology. 25.:200-206 (1995); Ozmen et al. , J. EXP. Med.. 1^0:907-915 (1995); Heinsel et al., Inf. & Immun.. 62 (10) :4244-4249 (1994) . For example, the fusion protein is a bioactive interleukin-12 (IL-12) fusion protein which comprises two subunits, designated p35 and p40, joined by a polypeptide linker. In further embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the subunits of other dimeric hematopoietic growth factors joined by a polypeptide linker, or the subunits of other dimeric cytokine proteins joined by a polypeptide linker. In another embodiment, the bioactive fusion protein comprises two subunits which are bioactive monomers (e.g., interleukin-2, GMCSF) in their native form and are joined through a polypeptide linker to produce a fusion protein which is chimeric or hybrid in nature in that it comprises at least two components or subunits which do not occur together in a native protein (e.g., an interleukin-2/GMCSF fusion protein) . The present invention also relates to methods of producing the subject fusion proteins, constructs useful in their production and host cells containing the constructs from which the encoded fusion proteins are expressed. The subject fusion proteins are expressed in an appropriate expression system, such as by a retrovirus vector which contains and expresses DNA encoding the subunits or monomers and the polypeptide linker of the desired fusion protein in an appropriate host cell, such as in mammalian cells. The present invention further relates to cells which have been transduced to secrete IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention, and particularly to tumor cells which have been transduced to secrete an IL-12 fusion protein. The invention also relates to the use of the transduced tumor cells, particularly in the treatment of tumors . Fusion proteins of the present invention are useful for the same purposes (e.g., therapeutic or diagnostic uses) as the corresponding native protein. For example, IL-12 fusion proteins can be used to enhance the lytic activity of NK/ly phokine - activated killer cells, act as a growth factor for activated human T and NK cells and stimulate production of IFN-γ by resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) . IL-12 is also useful in treating a variety of cancers. For instance, IL-12 is useful for the enhancement of antitumor immunity and, as described herein, tumor cells which secrete either native IL-12 or an I -12 fusion protein of the present invention can be used to treat established tumors, such as to prevent the further development of a tumor, cause established tumors to regress, prolong survival, or a combination thereof. The fusion proteins have certain advantages over the corresponding native proteins in that they can be made efficiently and reproducibly by the methods described herein. Furthermore, the fusion proteins of the present invention may also have advantages over the corresponding native proteins in terms of modified or enhanced activity, more favorable bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetic properties . Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows the structures of SFG-based retroviral constructs for interleukin-12 production (SD=splice donor; IRES=internal ribosome entry site; SA=splice acceptor; LTR=long terminal repeat) . Figure 2 shows the nucleic acid sequences encoding the linker sequences in interleukin-12 fusion proteins of the present invention and flanking IL-12 p35 and 11-12 p40 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 1 to 4 and 35) , as well as the encoded amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO: 5 to 7 and 36) . Figures 3A-3U show the full restriction map and the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 9) of pUC19-SFG. Figures 4A-4C show the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 11) encoding the murine IL-12 p35 subunit and the amino acid sequence of the murine IL-12 p35 subunit (SEQ ID NO: 12) . Figures 5A-5D show the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 14) encoding murine IL-12 p40 subunit and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 15) of the murine IL-12 p40 subunit . Figure 6 shows a standard curve generated using recombinant murine IL-12. Figures 7A-7D show graphic representations of the effect of immunotherapy of CMS-5 tumor-bearing mice with wild-type, GM-CSF- and IL-12-secreting CMS-5 cells. Treatment was started either on day 7 (7A and 7B) or day 14 (7C and 7D) after tumor challenge. Endpoints are either survival (7A and 7C) or tumor-free survival (7B and 7D) . Tumors were either untreated (a) or treated with GM-CSF- secreting CMS-5 cells (b) , IL-12-secreting CMS-5 cells (c) or wild type CMS-5 cells (d) . Figure 8 is a graphic representation of the incidence of regression of established CMS-5 tumors by type of immunotherapy. Tumors were treated as follows: column 1 received no immunotherapy; column 2 was treated with wild- type tumor cells; column 3 was treated with GM-CSF- secreting tumor cells; and column 4 was treated with IL-12- secreting tumor cells. Figure 9 is a graphic representation of tumor regression in mice treated with systemic IL-12. The open square and closed square, triangle, circle and diamond represent 5 individual mice treated with systemic IL-12 at 0.1 μg/d given 5 days per week for 4 weeks . Figures 10A-10B show graphic representations of the superior survival resulting from immunotherapy with IL-12- secreting CMS-5 cells compared to systemic IL-12 administration or no treatment (nil) . Figure 10A depicts results using a tumor inoculum of 2 x 10 s cells. Figure 10B depicts results using a tumor inoculum of 4 x IO 5 cells. Figures 11A-11B show graphic representations of the comparison of efficacy (proportion of mice surviving) of CMS-5 cells secreting different forms of IL-12 as immunotherapy for established CMS-5 tumors. Figure 11A shows results using tumors initiated by 2 x lO 5 CMS-5 cells with treatment starting on day 14 (20 mice per group pooled from two experiments) . Figure 11B shows results using tumors initiated by 4 x IO 5 CMS-5 cells with treatment starting on day 14 (1 group of 10 mice) . The tumors were either untreated (a) or treated with wild type CMS-5 cells (b) , GM-CSF-secreting CMS-5 cells (c) , native IL-12- secreting CMS-5 cells (d) or IL-12 fusion protein-secreting CMS-5 cells (e) . Figures 12A-12C are graphic illustrations of the results of immunotherapy of B16 (melanoma) tumors with cytokine-secreting tumor cells. For the pre-existing tumor model, tumors were initiated with 4 x IO 5 B16 cells and immunotherapy commenced on day 7 (Figure 12A) or day 14 (Figure 12B) . For the challenge model (Figure 12C) , 5 x 10 5 irradiated cells were administered as a vaccine 14 days before tumor challenge with 1 x 10 6 B16 cells. Tumors were either untreated (a) or treated with wild type B16 cells (b) , GM-CSF-secreting B16 cells (c) , native IL-12-secreting B16 cells (d) or IL-12 fusion protein-secreting B16 cells (e) . Figures 13A-13B are graphic illustrations of the effects on immunotherapy of IL-12 delivery by different cell types in mice with pre-existing renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) tumors. Figure 13A shows results when RENCA tumors were treated with either irradiated wild-type CMS-5 tumor cells (C-wt) or CMS-5 tumor cells transduced to secret either native IL-12 (C-nIL-12) or the IL-12 fusion protein (C-scIL-12) . Figure 13B shows results when RENCA tumors were treated with either a combination of wild-type CMS-5 and RENCA cells (C-wt + R-wt) , a combination of IL-12 fusion protein-secreting RENCA cells and wild type CMS-5 cells (C-wt + R-IL-12) or a combination of IL-12 fusion protein-secreting CMS-5 cells and wild type RENCA cells (C- IL-12 + R-wt) . Figures 14A-14B are a graphic representation of the effects on immunotherapy of pre-existing CMS-5 tumors with IL-12 fusion protein-secreting RENCA tumor cells. Figure 14A shows the results when CMS-5 tumors were treated with either wild type RENCA cells or RENCA cells transduced to secrete the IL-12 fusion protein. Figure 14B shows the results when CMS-5 tumors were treated with either a combination of wild type RENCA and wild type CMS-5 cells (C-wt + R-wt) , a combination of IL-12 fusion protein- secreting RENCA cells and wild type CMS-5 cells (C-wt + R- IL-12) or a combination of IL-12 fusion protein-secreting CMS-5 cells and wild type RENCA cells (C-IL-12 + R-wt) . Detailed Description of the Invention Described herein are bioactive fusion proteins which comprise at least two subunits linked or joined by an intervening amino acid linker, a method of producing the bioactive fusion proteins, constructs useful for producing the fusion proteins which can be expressed in host cells, and host cells containing the constructs. In one embodiment, the bioactive fusion proteins of the present invention comprise: 1) at least two polypeptide subunits or monomers which correspond to polypeptide subunits present in a native dimeric protein which has a specified bioactivity and 2) at least one polypeptide linker which joins the subunits in such a manner that the resulting fusion protein is bioactive. If the resulting fusion protein is dimeric (includes two subunits or monomers) , the two components can be subunits which occur in the same native dimeric protein (e.g., two IL-12 subunits) ; subunits which occur in two different native dimeric proteins (e.g., one subunit from IL-12 and one subunit from IL-3) or monomers which are individually bioactive (e.g., IL-2, GMCSF) . Multimeric fusion proteins, which comprise three or more subunits joined by polypeptide linkers, can comprise, for example, three or more of the subunits which occur in the same native dimeric protein (e.g., three or more IL-12 subunits) , three or more subunits which occur in different native dimeric proteins (e.g., two IL-12 subunits and one IL-3 subunit) , three or more bioactive monomers (e.g., three IL-2 monomers, two IL- 2 monomers and one GMCSF monomer) or a combination of subunits from native dimeric proteins and bioactive monomers (e.g., two IL-12 subunits and a GMCSF monomer) . In each case, a polypeptide linker is present between two subunits (e.g., the order is subunit-linker-subunit-linker- subunit) . As used herein, the terms subunit and monomer are used interchangeably to refer to the components of a dimeric or multimeric protein and the single component of a monomeric protein. The order of subunits in the fusion protein of the present invention can be p35-linker-p40 or p40-linker-p35. In either case, the polypeptide linker is positioned between the two subunits. A bioactive fusion protein of the present invention which includes subunits which occur in the same native dimeric protein "mimics" or is similar to what is referred to herein as a corresponding native dimeric protein in terms of its bioactivity, but differs from the corresponding native dimeric protein in that the fusion protein includes linker amino acid residues which do not occur in the corresponding native protein (heterologous amino acid residues) between each pair of polypeptide subunits. A corresponding native protein is one which includes the subunits present in the fusion protein and exhibits biological activity also exhibited by the fusion protein. For example, in the case of a bioactive IL-12 fusion protein, the two subunits, designated p35 and p40, of a mammalian native IL-12 protein (e.g., human, mouse, rat, dog, cat, monkey, chimpanzee or pig IL-12 protein) are joined through a polypeptide linker. Here, the corresponding native protein is the mammalian native IL-12 protein. Similarly, in the case of another bioactive fusion protein, such as IL-3, the corresponding native protein is IL-3. The amino acid residues of the subunits of the bioactive fusion protein can be the same as those of the subunits of the corresponding native protein or can be different, provided that the resulting fusion protein exhibits the desired bioactivity. For example, the subunit (s) can have a different amino acid sequence from that of the corresponding subunit of a native protein (i.e., the sequence of the native subunit can differ in that one or more amino acid residues has been deleted or replaced by a naturally-occurring or non-naturally- occurring amino acid residue, additional amino acid residues have been incorporated, or an amino acid residue has been modified) . The desired bioactivity is activity like that of the corresponding native protein (e.g., it produces a physiological response which also results from the activity of the corresponding native protein) . The bioactivity of a fusion protein (e.g., the duration of its effect, extent of the resulting response) may be greater or lesser than that of the corresponding native protein. The polypeptide linker present in the fusion protein can be of any length and composition appropriate to join two subunits in such a manner that the resulting fusion protein has the desired biological activity and retains its integrity as a dimer or multimer. The appropriate length and composition of a linker can be determined empirically for the specific fusion protein to be produced. Generally, the polypeptide linker will be at least 7 amino acid residues, although it can be shorter (e.g., 2 to 6 amino acid residues) . Typically the linker will be less than 30 amino acid residues in length, such as 7 to 25 amino acid residues or 7 to 20 amino acid residues in length. In one embodiment, the polypeptide linker is 7 to 16 amino acid residues and in specific embodiments is 7, 11, 15 or 16 amino acid residues. Specific linkers used in producing bioactive IL-12 fusion proteins are represented in Figure 2 and described in Example 4. In specific embodiments, the polypeptide linkers are exemplified by the sequences (Gly 4 Ser) 3 ; (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser; (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser and Gly 6 Ser, and these linkers can also be used to join subunits of other fusion proteins in addition to the IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention. Alternatively, other polypeptide linkers can be used to join two IL-12 subunits to produce a bioactive IL-12 fusion protein. The DNA encoding the bioactive fusion protein can be cDNA or genomic DNA and can be from a variety of animals, particularly mammals. For example, the DNA can be human, mouse, rat, dog, cat, monkey, chimpanzee, pig or ferret DNA. The DNA can encode a complete or entire subunit (e.g., a complete IL-12 p35 subunit and a complete IL-12 p40 subunit) or a fragment or portion of a subunit (s) , provided that the encoded fusion protein has the desired biological activity when it is expressed. The nucleic acid sequences of DNA encoding mouse IL-12 p35 and p40 subunits are represented in Figures 4 and 5, respectively. The nucleic acid sequences of DNA encoding human IL-12 p35 and p40 subunits have been published (Gubler e_t aJ . in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 18=4143 (1991) ; Figure 4A-4C and 5A-5D) . All or a portion of IL-12 DNA can be used to produce the subject IL-12 fusion protein, provided that the encoded fusion protein is bioactive (has IL-12 activity) . Any expression system appropriate for expressing a protein such as a mammalian, bacterial, yeast or insect expression system, can be used to express the fusion proteins of the present invention. For example, as described herein, a viral (e.g., a retroviral) vector which expresses DNA (e.g., cDNA) encoding the desired fusion protein in a mammalian host cell has been used. As also described herein, retroviruses containing cDNA encoding the p35 and p40 subunits of IL-12 and an intervening polypeptide linker (an IL-12 fusion protein) have been constructed and transfected into packaging cells (e.g., BOSC23 packaging cells) . Target cells (e.g., CMS-5 fibrosarcoma cell line) were infected with virus-containing supernatants and cultured; media conditioned by infected cells was assayed for IL-12 activity using an interleukin-2 and concanavalin-A primed splenocyte proliferation bioassay. Packaging or producer cell lines other than BOSC23 cells can be used to produce infectious retroviruses containing the fusion protein-encoding DNA. In addition, target cells other than a fibrosarcoma cell line, such as B16 melanoma or renal cell carcinoma cell lines, can be used to produce the fusion protein. IL-12 bioactivity was demonstrable in cells infected with the retroviruses, as described in Example 4. Specific retroviruses have been constructed for expression of an IL-12 fusion protein (Example 1 and Figure 1) and cells infected with the retroviruses have been shown to produce bioactive IL-12 fusion proteins (see Example 4) . The retroviruses used all included the SFG retroviral backbone whose sequence is shown in Figure 3. The vectors designated pSFG.IL-12.p35 and pSFG.IL-12.p40 include, respectively, the cDNA for the IL-12 p35 subunit or the cDNA for the IL-12 p40 subunit. The vector designated pSFG. IL-12p35-IRES-p40 includes cDNA encoding the IL-12 p35 subunit and cDNA encoding the IL-12 p40 subunit, separated by an internal ribosome entry site sequence . The vector designated pSFG.IL-12p40-IRES-p35 includes the same components as plasmid pSFG. IL-12p35-IRES-p40 but the dimers are in the reverse order, as indicated. The vectors designated pSFG. IL-12.p35-linker-p40 and pSFG.IL-12.p40- linker-p35 include cDNAS encoding each IL-12 subunit linked by the (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser and (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser linker respectively. The vectors designated pSFG. IL-12.p35-linker-Δp40 and pSFG. IL-12.p40-linker-Δp35 include linked cDNAs in which sequences encoding a putative 22 amino acid leader sequence were deleted from the second cDNA. The vector designated pSFG.hIL-12.p40.linker.Δp35 is a human form of the IL-12 fusion protein and is analogous to the murine form pSFG.IL- 12.p40. linker.Δp35 except that the linker is shorter due to a deletion which occurred during the cloning (see Figure 2, construct E) . As described in Example 4, IL-12 bioactivity was shown in conditioned medium from cells infected with the retroviruses. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic host cells transfected by the described vectors are also provided by this invention. For instance, cells which can be transfected with the vectors of the present invention include, but are not limited to , bacterial cells such as E. coli , insect cells (baculovirus) , yeast or mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) . Tumor cells which are transduced to secrete the IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention are particularly useful in the present invention. Thus, expression vectors described herein can be used to transform, transfect or transduce host cells, either eukaryotic (yeast, avian, insect or mammalian) or prokaryotic (bacterial cells) , using standard procedures used in producing other well known proteins. Similar procedures, or modifications thereof, can be employed to prepare recombinant proteins according to the present invention by microbial means or tissue-culture technology. For example, fibroblast-derived 3T3 cells can be transduced with the vectors of the present invention to express and secrete the IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention. Tumor cells and 3T3 cells are useful in the context of the present invention, as cells transduced to secrete IL-12 or IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention are a useful source of the protein or fusion protein (e.g., for purification) . Tumor cells transduced to secrete IL-12 or IL-12 fusion proteins also have particular utility as antitumor agents as described herein. The tumor cells to be transduced can be selected from the individual to be treated or from another individual; furthermore, the tumor cells to be transduced can be the same type as the tumor cells of the tumor to be treated or the tumor cells can be of a different type from the tumor to be treated. For example, a CMS-5 tumor can be treated with CMS-5 tumor cells, renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) tumor cells, or B16 tumor cells which secrete IL-12 or an IL-12 fusion protein of the present invention. Alternatively, the tumor can be treated with a combination of IL-12- secreting, IL-12 fusion protein-secreting and wild type cells of the same or different cell type. For example, a RENCA tumor can be treated with a combination of wild type RENCA cells and IL-12 fusion protein-secreting CMS-5 cells or with a combination of native IL-12-secreting CMS-5 cells and IL-12 fusion protein-secreting RENCA tumor cells. The present invention also relates to transduced tumor cells which express native IL-12 or IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention and their use in treating tumors. That is, transduced tumor cells which express and secrete IL-12 or IL-12 fusion proteins are useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer or to treat established tumors, and provide a means for reversing tumors (reducing their size or causing their complete regression) or preventing further growth of an established tumor. As described herein, transduced tumor cells expressing IL-12 or IL-12 fusion proteins of the present invention cause the regression of established tumors, prevent the establishment of tumors, prolong survival or a combination thereof in animals to which they are administered in a therapeutically appropriate dose. For instance, the tumor cells secreting IL-12 or the IL-12 fusion protein of the present invention can be formulated with a physiologically acceptable medium to prepare a pharmaceutical composition. The particular physiological medium may include, but is not limited to, water, buffered saline, polyols (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol) and dextrose solutions. The optimum concentration of the active ingredient (s) in the chosen medium can be determined empirically, according to procedures well known to medicinal chemists, and will depend on the ultimate pharmaceutical formulation desired. Methods of introduction of the IL-12-secreting or IL-12 fusion protein-secreting tumor cells include, but are not limited to, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, oral and intranasal. The tumor cells secreting native IL-12 or an IL-12 fusion protein can be administered at or near the site of a tumor to be treated or at any other site on the body, provided that the IL-12 or IL-12 fusion protein produces the desired therapeutic effect (regression of established tumors, prevention of tumor establishment or prolonged survival) . As described herein, proximity of tumor site and administration site is not necessary for the efficacy of the treatmen . Other suitable methods of introduction can also include rechargeable or biodegradable devices and slow release polymeric devices. The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can also be administered as part of a combinatorial therapy with other agents . Treatment regimens will depend upon the dose, route of delivery, frequency with which the composition is administered, type, size and stage of the tumor to be treated, and the age, health and other physical characteristics of the individual to be treated. In one method of the invention, a therapeutically effective quantity (dose) of the transduced tumor cells (optionally formulated with a physiologically appropriate medium) is administered to an individual having a tumor to be treated (e.g., decreased in size or prevented from increasing in size) . The transduced tumors cells can also be administered in a therapeutically appropriate dose to an individual to prevent the establishment of a tumor. For example, the transduced tumor cells can be administered to an individual in need of anticancer therapy (e.g., an individual with an established tumor or an individual in whom establishment of a tumor is to be prevented) . Alternatively, the IL-12 fusion protein of the present invention can be administered directly to the individual in a therapeutically effective dose; the IL-12 fusion protein can be optionally combined with a physiologically acceptable medium as described above. As described herein, the efficacy of IL-12-secreting tumor cells as antitumor immunotherapy was assessed in mice with established tumor burdens. The immunogenic CMS-5 (fibrosarcoma) and non-immunogenic B16 (melanoma) tumors were used; RENCA tumors were also utilized as described herein. As shown in Examples 6-8, work described herein demonstrates that for the immunotherapeutic treatment of 14-day established palpable CMS-5 tumors, immunotherapy with IL-12-secreting and IL-12 fusion protein-secreting tumor cells prolonged survival by inducing the regression of tumors. Furthermore, immunotherapy with IL-12-secreting tumor cells induced tumor regression even when the palpable tumor burden averaged more than 5% of body mass. Although IL-12 has antitumor activity against CMS-5 tumors when administered systemically, for mice with larger tumor burdens at the onset of therapy there was a significant survival advantage of IL-12-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy over systemic IL-12 therapy. This shows that there is an advantage in delivering the IL-12 by transduced tumor cells rather than just as systemic cytokine therapy. Data from tumor cells transduced to express an IL-12 fusion protein (SFG.IL-12.p40.linker.Δp35) indicate that the murine and human forms of the fusion protein have a specific activity at least equal to the native molecule in an in vitro bioassay. Results described herein show that IL-12-secreting B16 cell vaccination altered the natural history of the growth of later established B16 tumors, and they also appear to be able to enhance immunological mechanisms capable of modulating tumor growth. IL-12-secreting B16 cells are useful as immunotherapy for established B16 tumors, as they effectively prolong survival. These results show that there exist inducible innate mechanisms able to modulate the natural history of established tumors in the mouse, and that IL-12-secreting cells are more potent at inducing them than GM-CSF-secreting cells. These results, which are more fully described in the Examples below, show that IL-12- secreting tumor cells have efficacy as immunotherapy for established tumors. The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way. EXAMPLE 1 Construction of Plasmids The general structure of the plasmids used in these studies is shown schematically in Figure 1. The confirmed sequences of the linkers in each of the fusion proteins are given in Figure 2. Source of plasmids The plasmids containing cDNAs for the murine IL-12 p35 and p40 subunits ( pBS.IL-12.p35 and pBS.IL-12.p40) were provided by Hoffmann-La Roche (Nutley, NJ) . The numbering of base pairs in this document corresponds to the maps of the inserts of these two plasmids (Figures 4 and 5) . The plasmid containing the SFG retroviral backbone was provided by Dr. Dan Ory (Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA) as pSFG-TPA, a pUC plasmid containing the SFG retroviral backbone between the Hindlll and EcoRl sites with a tissue plasminogen activator cDNA between the unique Ncol and BamHl sites in the SFG retrovirus . A nucleotide sequence map of the SFG retroviral backbone is shown in Figure 3. Plasmid pSFG.IL-12.p35 The IL-12p35 cDNA was provided in pBluescript with the sequences surrounding the translational initiation ATG optimized to ACCATGG according to the rules of Kozak. The IL-12p35 cDNA fragment was excised as a Ncol-EcoRl fragment, the EcoRl overhang having been filled using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase 1. This fragment was ligated using T4 DNA ligase into the Ncol-BamHl sites of pSFG, the BamHl overhang having been filled using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase 1. The resulting plasmid is designated pSFG.IL-12.p35. Plasmid pSFG.IL-12.p40 The IL-12p40 cDNA was provided in pBluescript. The Ncol-BamHl fragment containing the IL-12p40 cDNA was excised and ligated into the Ncol-BamHl sites of pSFG to make pSFG. IL-12.p40. General Strategy for Construction of SFG-based Vectors The general strategy for constructing the SFG-based retroviral vectors for IL-12 fusion protein expression is as follows: Two oligonucleotides encoding the sense and antisense strand of a (Gly 4 Ser) 3 linker fragment and contiguous IL-12 cDNA sequences to be linked (with terminal sequences for the creation of cohesive ligatable overhangs) were synthesized using a "PCR-mate" 391 DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) . The sequence of the (Gly 4 Ser) 3 linker was that of Huston ejt a . (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:5879-5883(1988)) . For the two fusion proteins using complete IL-12 cDNAs, the oligonucleotides were designed to be cloned into a unique restriction enzyme site at the 3 ' end of the first cDNA, reconstructing the 3 ' end of the first cDNA and enabling a Ncol-Ncol fragment encompassing the full cDNA and linker sequence to be cloned into the Ncol site of the SFG plasmid containing the other cDNA. The cloning strategy was similar for the two fusion proteins with a deletion of 66 bp coding the first 22 amino acids of the second cDNA. Linker oligonucleotides were designed to be cloned into unique restriction enzyme sites that lay 3' of bp 66 of the translated bases of the second cDNA in the fusion protein construct. This enabled a fragment to be excised for cloning that reconstructed the 3' end of the first cDNA joined to the linker and contained the linker joined to codon 23 of the second cDNA. The sequence of the linker and contiguous cDNA regions in plasmids was determined using a "Sequenase" kit (Amersham, Cleveland, OH) . Plasmid SFG. IL-12.p35-linker-p40 The oligonucleotides were: sense, 5' -CCGCC.GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC.TCG.GGC.GGT.GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT.GGC.GG C.GGA.TCT.TCCATGGAGCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16) ; and antisense, 5 ' -CCATGGA.AGA.TCC.GCC.GCC.ACC.CGA.CCC.ACC.ACC.GCC.CGA.GCC. ACC.GCC.ACC.GGCGGAGCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 17) . These two oligonucleotides were annealed, phosphorylated using T4 polynucleotide kinase, and ligated into the Sacl site of pBS.IL-12.p35 which had been dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphatase. The Ncol-Ncol fragment of the resulting plasmid containing the IL-12p35 cDNA and correctly orientated linker was excised and ligated into the dephosphorylated Ncol site of pSFG. IL-12p40 to create pSFG.IL-12.p35-linker.p40 (the correct orientation of this ligated fragment was demon¬ strated by a Sacl digest) . This plasmid was sequenced using the following two primers: 5 ' -CAGAGTGAAAATGAAGCT-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 18) and 5'-GAAGCTCTGCATCCTGCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 19) , corresponding to bp 601-618 and 613-630 of the IL-12p35 cDNA. Sequencing demonstrated that a deletion had occurred during cloning resulting in a loss of 15 bp from the linker sequences, but maintaining an intact reading frame. The sequence of the linker in this plasmid is given in Figure 2. Plasmid pSFG. IL-12 ,P40. linker.p35 The oligonucleotides were: sense, 5 ' -GGGTCCGATCC.GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC.TCG.GGC.GGT.GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT. GGC.GGC.GGA.TCT.TCCATG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 20) ; and antisense, 5 ' -GATCCATGGA.AGA.TCC.GCC.GCC.ACC.CGA.CCC.ACC.ACC.GCC.CGA.G CC.ACC.GCC.ACC-GGATCGGACCCTGCA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 21) . These two oligonucleotides were annealed and ligated into the Sse83871 and BamHl sites of pBS.IL-12.p40. The Ncol-Ncol fragment of the resulting plasmid containing the IL-12p40 cDNA and correctly orientated linker was excised and ligated into the dephosphorylated Ncol site of pSFG.IL-12p35 to create pSFG. IL-12.p40. linker.p35 (the correct orientation of this ligated fragment was demonstrated by a Xcml digest) . This plasmid was sequenced using the following two primers: 5' -CTATTACAATTCCTCATG-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 22) and 5'-GAGGGCAAGGGTGGCCAA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 23) , corresponding to base pairs 997-1014 of the IL-12 p40 cDNA and base pairs 91-74 of the IL-12 p35 cDNA (an antisense primer) . Sequencing confirmed that the sequence of the linker and contiguous IL-12 cDNA sequences were as expected. Subsequent restriction enzyme mapping of pSFG. IL-12.p40.linker.p35 after the transfection and expression studies were completed revealed that it probably contained a concatamer of Ncol-Ncol-fragments from the final cloning step. Plasmid pSFG.IL-12.p35.linker,ΔP4Q The oligonucleotides were: sense, 5 ' -T.TGC.TGG.AGC.TCC.GCC.GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC.TCG. GGC .GGT.GGT.GG G.TCG.GGT.GGC.GGC.GGA.TCT.ATG.TGG-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 24) and antisense, 5 ' -CACAT.AGA.TCC.GCC.GCC.ACC.CGA.CCC.ACC.ACC. GCC .CGA. GCC .AC C.GCC.ACC.GGCGGAGCTCCAGCAAA-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 25) . These two oligonucleotides were annealed, phosphorylated using T4 polynucleotide kinase, and ligated into pBS.IL-12.p40 from which the 30 base pair 5' Xcml-Xcml fragment had been excised. The Sacl-Sacl fragment from the resultant plasmid was excised and ligated into the Sacl site of pBS.IL-12.p35 which had been dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphatase (the correct orientation of the ligated fragment was demonstrated by a Ncol-EcoRl digest) . The Ncol-EcoRl fragment of the resultant vector was excised, the EcoRl overhang having been filled using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase 1, and ligated into the Ncol and Klenow-filled BamHl sites of pSFG to create pSFG. IL-12.p35. linker.Δp40. This plasmid was sequenced using the following primers: 5 ' -CAGAGTGAAAATGAAGCT-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 18) and 5'-GAAGCTCTGCATCCTGCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 19) , corresponding to base pairs 601-618 and 613-630 of the IL-12p35 cDNA; and 5'-GTCATCTTCTTCAGGCGT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 34) , an antisense primer corresponding to base pairs 217-200 of the IL-12 p4 cDNA. Sequencing confirmed that the sequence of the linke and contiguous IL-12 cDNA sequences were as expected. Plasmid pSFG. IL-12 ,P40. linker,Δp35 The oligonucleotides were: sense, 5 ' -CTG.GCC.TGC.AGG.GTC.CGA.TCC-GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC.TCG.GGC.GGT. GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT.GGC.GGC.GGA.TCT-AGG.GTC.ATT.CCA.GTC.T-3 ' ('SEQ ID NO: 26 ) and antisense, 5 ' -CTGGAATGACCCT.AGA.TCC.GCC.GCC.ACC.CGA.CCC.ACC.ACC.GCC.C A.GCC.ACC.GCC.ACC.GGATCGGACCCTGCAGGCCAGAGA-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 27) . These two oligonucleotides were annealed, phosphorylated using T4 polynucleotide kinase, and ligated into the PflMl site in pBS.IL-12.p35 which had been dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphatase. The orientation of this ligated fragment was confirmed by an Sse8387l/EcoRl digest. The Sse83871-EcoRl fragment from the resultant plasmid was excised, the EcoRl overhang having been filled using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DN polymerase 1, and ligated into the Sse83871 and Klenow-filled BamHl sites of pSFG.IL-12.p40 to create pSFG. IL-12.p40. linker.Δp35. This plasmid was sequenced using the primer 5 ' -GCAAAGGCGGGAATGTCT-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 28) , corresponding to base pairs 960-977 of the IL-12.p40 cDNA. The sequence of the second linker codon was difficult to read, but its sequence was determined by sequencing the cloned linker in the intermediate plasmid using the antisense primers 5'-AGGAATAATGTTTCAGTT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 29) and 5'-CAGCAGTGCAGGAATAAT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 30) corresponding to base pairs 224-207 and 233-216 of the IL-12 p35 cDNA respectively. Sequencing confirmed that the sequence of the linker and contiguous IL-12 cDNA sequences were as expected. Plasmids SFG. IL-12 ,P35. IRES.P40 and PSFG.IL- 12.P40.IRES.P35 The encephalomyelocarditis virus (ECMV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) fragment was provided by Dr. Michael Sadelain (Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA) , and was as previously described (Ghattas et al., Mol. Cell. Biol.. 11:5848-5859 (1991)) . EXAMPLE 2 Cells and Tissue Culture BOSC23 packaging cells (Pear et . aJ . , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:8382-8396(1993)) were obtained from Dr. Dirk Lindemann (Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA) . They were passaged in Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% calf serum, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 μg/ml streptomycin. CMS-5 tumor cells (DeLeo et al., J. Exp. Med. , 146 :720-734 (1977)) were obtained from Jason Salter (Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA) . They were passaged in DMEM supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum, 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 μg/ml streptomycin. The same medium was used for the collection of CMS-5 conditioned medium. C57BL/6 splenocytes for IL-12 assays were obtained by mincing a spleen through a sieve (Falcon 2350, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and collecting the cells in IL-12 medium (as detailed in Schoenhaut e_t a_ . (J. Immunol . , 148 :3433-3440 (1992)) supplemented with 2% foetal calf serum. EXAMPLE 3 Generation of BOSC23-derived Producer Cells and Collection of Conditioned Media BOSC23 cells were plated at 2 x IO 6 cells per 6 cm tissue culture dish and transfected by CaP0 4 transfection with the various constructs as previously described (Pear et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 9J): 8382-8396 (1993)) . Twenty-four hours after transfection, the medium was replaced with 5 ml fresh medium. Virus-containing supernatants were collected 24 hours later, filtered through a 0.45 μm filter and polybrene added to a final concentration of 8 μg/ml. 2.5 ml of virus-containing supernatant was used to infect CMS-5 cells immediately for 4 hours (in preparation for this infection, CMS-5 cells had been plated at 5xl0 4 cells/6 cm tissue culture dish the previous day) and the remaining 2.5 ml frozen at -70 °C. The following day, the frozen 2.5 ml of virus-containing supernatant was thawed and used for a second 4 hour infection of the CMS-5 cells. To collect IL-12-containing conditioned medium, the medium was replaced the following day with 5 ml fresh medium which was harvested 24 hours later. These conditioned media were filtered through a 0.2 μm filter and frozen at -70°C for later assay for IL-12 bioactivity. 5 ml of fresh medium was added to the CMS-5 cells and a second set of conditioned media collected 24 hours later which were also filtered and frozen for later assay. The infected CMS-5 cells were then lysed, and genomic DNA prepared for later analysis. EXAMPLE 4 Bioassav for Murine Interleukin-12 Levels of bioactive interleukin-12 were determined using a concanavalin-A and interleukin-2 primed splenocyte proliferation assay, as described in Schoenhaut e_t aJ . (J. Immunol. , 148 :3433-3440 (1992)) . The concanavalin A was obtained commercially from Boehringer (Mannheim, Germany) and the recombinant human interleukin-2 commercially from Chiron Therapeutics (Emeryville, CA) . To harvest cells for the measurement of [ 3 HJ thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA, a Skatron (Sterling, VA) cell harvester and filtermats (#7031) were used. To assay for inhibitory activity in conditioned media, the 50 μl sample volume comprised 25 μl of 1000 pg/ml recombinant murine IL-12 and 25 μl of the test sample. Samples of conditioned media were assayed in duplicate at several dilutions in the range 1:1 to 1:1000. A standard curve was constructed for each bioassay using recombinant murine IL-12 in the range 20-10,000 pg/ml. The recombinant murine IL-12 was obtained from Hoffmann-La Roche (Nutley, NJ) . To calculate the bioactive IL-12 concentration in test samples in pg/ml, the linear part of the standard curve was approximated using the curve-fit function of "KaleidaGraph 2.1.1" software and the resultant formula used for calculations. Conditioned media were verified to have hIL-12 immunoreactivity by hlL- 12 ELISA assay (commercial kit, R & D Systems) . The following constructs (Figure 1) were assessed for their ability to express a bioactive IL-12 fusion protein: A. pSFG.IL-12.p35.linker.p40 B. pSFG.IL-12.p40.linker.p35 C. pSFG.IL12-p35. linker.Δp40 D. pSFG.IL12-p40.1inker.Δp35; and E. pSFG.hIL-12.p40.linker.Δp35. The sequences for the linkers in each construct were as follows, as confirmed by sequencing (some adjacent confirmed IL-12 sequences are given for orientation) : A. 5 ' ->>>IL-12p35.AGC.TCC.GCC-GGT.GGT.GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT.GGC .GGC.GGA.TCT.TCC.ATG.GGT.CCT.CAG. >>>IL-12p40-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 1) ; B. 5 ' ->>>IL-12p40.CCC.TGC.AGG.GTC.CGA.TCC-GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC .TCG.GGC.GGT.GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT.GGC.GGC.GGA.TCT.TCC.ATG.G GT.CAA.>>>IL-12p35-3' (SEQ ID NO: 31) ; C. 5 ' ->>>IL-12p35.5' -TAT.CTG.AGC.TCC.GCC-GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC. TCG.GGC.GGT.GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT.GGC.GGC.GGA.TCT.ATG.TGG.GA G.CTG.GAG.AAA.>>>IL-12p40-3' (SEQ ID NO: 32) ; D. 5' ->>>IL-12p40.TGT.GTT.CCC.TGC.AGG.GTC.CGA.TCC-GGT.GGC .GGT.GGC.TCG.GGC.GGT.GGT.GGG.TCG.GGT.GGC.GGC.GGA.TCT.A GG.GTC.ATT.CCA.GTC.TCT.GGA.CCT.GCC. >>>IL-12p35-3 ' (SEQ ID NO: 33) ; and E. 5' ->>>hIL-12p40.TGC.AGT.GGT.GGC.GGT.GGC.GGC. GGA.TCT.AGA.AAC>>>hIL-12p35-3' (SEQ ID NO: 35) . No IL-12 bioactivity was detectable in media conditioned by mock-transfected CMS-5 cells, and CMS-5 cells infected with the SFG retrovirus alone, or by a related retrovirus (MFG) carrying the lac-z gene. However, media conditioned by these cells contained significant inhibitory activity at 1:2 and 1:10 dilutions, inhibiting as much as 95% of the bioactivity of 500 pg/ml of rmIL-12 (Table 1, and other data not shown) . Despite this background of inhibitory activity in the conditioned media, bioactive IL-12 production proved to be still demonstrable. Constructs for the expression of single subunits of the IL-12 protein (pSFG.11-12.p35 and pSFG.IL-12.p40) resulted in no detectable bioactivity on their own. However, cotransfection of BOSC23 cells with these constructs together resulted in bioactive IL-12 secretion by infected CMS-5 cells. Similarly, CMS-5 cells infected with the SFG. IL-12.p35 retrovirus and 24 hours later with the SFG. IL-12.p40 retrovirus also produced bioactive IL-12 (Table 1) . The dicistronic constructs designed to express both IL-12 subunits using the IRES sequence resulted in similar levels of bioactive IL-12 production (despite an undetectable level of viral infection as determined by Southern hybridization analysis (see below) ) (Table 1) . The ability of IRES-containing retroviruses to result in bioactive IL-12 production has been confirmed by generating stable clonal retrovirus producing cell lines using both these constructs. All IL-12 fusion protein constructs resulted in significant bioactive IL-12 production by infected CMS-5 cells. Of particular note was the SFG. IL-12.p40 linker.Δp35 construct, for which IL-12 bioactivity was demonstrable in undiluted conditioned medium (despite the background of substantial inhibitory activity) and for which a 1:1000 dilution of conditioned medium contained bioactivity equivalent to 301 pg/ml of rmIL-12 (Table 1) . All constructs resulted in titratable IL-12 bioactivity despite significant non-specific inhibitory activity in the conditioned media as well. Bioactivity of hIL-12 was confirmed at Hoffman-LaRoche (Nutley, NJ, laboratory of Dr. M. Gately) , and the specific activity of the hIL-12 fusion protein was determined to be approximately equivalent to the specific activity of recombinant native human IL-12. TABLE 1 Construct Agonist assay Antagonist assay (IL-12 bioactivity, pg/ml (% inhibition of 500 pg/ml IL-12 in assay) Dilution of CM in assay Dilution of CM in assay 1:1 1:100 1:1000 1:2 1:10 1:1000 No DNA <50 <50 <50 56 62 8.6 SFG-empty <50 <50 <50 12 47 -91 MFG-lac-z <50 <50 <50 66 56 64 SFG.IL-12p35 <50 <50 <50 65 76 45 SFG.IL-12p40 <50 <50 <50 94 84 38 I 2X infection 3 199.7 234.2 137. 2 1 1 -84 to σ. 2X transfection 0 244.7 118.8 <50 12 -3 -2 I A 86.5 <50 <50 44 60 46 B 253.8 <50 <50 41 12 -14 C 189.2 57.0 <50 43 42 47 D 297.8 600.1 301. 2 -48 -143 -93 These data are from one of three separate assays, a. Target cells infected sequentially with pSFG.IL-12.p35 and then pSFG.IL-12.p40 viruses (each containing only the respective cDNA between the Ncol and BamHl sites) b. BOSC23 cells were transfected with a mixture of pSFG. IL-12p35 and pSFG. IL-12.p40 constructs These data indicate IL-12 agonist activity was present in media conditioned by cells infected with the fusion protein retroviral constructs. It is presumed that this results from bioactivity of secreted respective fusion proteins. The fusion proteins were demonstrated to be present using Western blotting. Serum-free CM from wild-type CMS-5 cells or CMS-5 cells expressing native IL-12 or the IL-12 fusion protein (SFG.IL-12.p35. IRES.p40 or SFG.IL- 12.p40. linker.Δp35) were collected, filtered (0.2 μm) and stored at -70°C. The CMs were concentrated 20-30-fold, and 20 μg total protein sample was run on 10% polyacrylamide gels with or without 10% ?-mercaptoethanol. The primary antibody was a polyclonal goat anti-rmIL-12 antibody (gift of D. Presky, Hoffman-La Roche, NJ) . The "Renaissance" detection system (NEN Dupont) was used. A preliminary analysis indicated a 4-fold greater signal resulted from CM containing the single chain IL-12 (SFG.IL- 12.p40.linker.Δp35) fusion protein, and hence a 5 μg total protein sample from this CM was loaded. The control lanes were CM from wild-type cells without or spiked with 50 ng rmIL-12. EXAMPLE 5 Southern Hybridization Analysis of Genomic DNA from Infected CMS-5 Cells Southern hybridization analysis of genomic DNA from the populations of infected CMS-5 cells was performed to demonstrate the presence of a hybridizing band consistent with infection of these cells by retroviruses of the expected structure, and to determine the efficiency of viral infection (by determination of retroviral copy number by genome) . From these Nhel digests of genomic DNA, a hybridizing retrovirus-derived band of 985 bp plus the size of the insert cloned into the Ncol-BamHl sites of SFG was predicted (See Figure 1) . The size of the various cloned fragments were: IL-12.p35 cDNA, 0.6 kb; IL-12.p40 cDNA, 1.0 kb; IRES, 0.7 kb; linker, 0.05 kb; the putative leader sequence deleted in two constructs was 0.066 bp. The BOSC23 cell supernatants resulted in viral copy numbers of between 0.1 and 1.4 copies/genome (mostly 0.1- 0.3 copies/genome) for all constructs except for the IRES- containing constructs, where no hybridizing band of the expected size (3.2 kb) was seen (Table 2) . Of particular note are the comparative results for the IL-12 fusion proteins retrovirus constructs in these populations of infected cells. Although the pSFG. IL-12.p35. linker.p40 retrovirus was present at 1.4 copies/genome, this corresponded with a relatively low level of bioactive IL-12 production (Table 2) . However, the SFG. IL-12.p40 linker.Δp35 retrovirus resulted in a relatively high level of IL-12 bioactivity, although it was present at 0.2 copies/genome. TABLE 2 : Retrovirus Copy Number in CMS-5 Cells Infected by SFG. IL-12 Retroviruses SFG.IL-12 construct Retrovirus containing: copy number 8 Nil 0 IL-12.p35 0.1 IL-12.p40 0.3 Sequential infection (p35/p40) 0.3/0.3 Co-transfection (p35/p40) 0.1/0.1 IL-12.p35-IRES-p40 <<0.1 b IL-12.p40. IRES.p35 <<0.1 IL-12.p35. linker.p40 1.4 b IL-12.p40.linker.p35 0.1° IL-12.p35.linker.Δp40 0.4° IL-12.p40. linker.Δp35 0.2° 1 copy control 1.0° 0.1 copy control 0.l b * Relative to a plasmid copy number control of 13.5 pg of pSFG.IL- 12.p35 linker.p40, calculated to be equi olar to 1 copy/genome for 10 g genomic DNA. Mean of results from one Southern blot probed first with a p35 and then with a p40 radiolabelled probe. Relative intensity of signals was quantitated using a Fuji BAS-II phosphoimager. EXAMPLE 6 Comparison of Immunotherapy of Established Immunogenic CMS-5 Tumors with GM-CSF-secreting and IL-12-secreting Tumor Cells Cvtokine-Secreting Tumor Cells SFG retroviruses generated by CRE or CRIP packaging cell lines were used for the transduction of tumor cells. The amount of cytokine secreted in vitro by the tumor cells used in these studies were (in ng/ml/48h/10 6 irradiated cells [all collected in 10 ml] ) : cells infected with CRIP- packaged SFG.GM-CSF, B16>250, CMS-5>250; cells infected with CRE-packaged SFG.p35. IRES.p40. IL-12 , B16 1-3, CMS-5 60-400; cells infected with CRE-packaged SFG.IL- 12.p40. linker.Δp35, CMS-5 490-950; cells infected with CRIP-packaged SFG. IL-12.p35. IRES.p40, B16 90; and cells infected with CRIP-packaged SFG. IL-12.p40. linker. Δp35, B16 170 and RENCA 45. The tumor cells were irradiated to prevent the formation of additional tumors therefrom after injection into mice, and cytokine secretion was characterized for the same irradiated cells. GM-CSF concentrations of conditioned media (CM) were determined by ELISA (Endogen, Cambridge) and IL-12 levels by a bioassay based on the proliferation of concanavalin-A and interleukin-2 primed splenocytes (Schoenhaut e_t aJ . j. Immunol 148:3433 (1992)) . In an initial procedure, fibrosarcoma tumors were initiated with 2 x IO 5 CMS-5 tumor cells injected subcutaneously on the back of syngeneic BALB/C mice, and immunotherapy (irradiated wild-type, GM-CSF-secreting or IL-12-secreting tumor cells) commenced either 7 or 14 days later. In this experiment, mice were stratified into multiple groups of 5 to 10 mice that received either 1, 2 or 3 weekly doses of immunotherapy at either 1 x IO 6 or 5 x IO 6 cells/dose. However, the primary analysis was stratified only by the type of cells used as immunotherapy and the day on which treatment began, regardless of other scheduling variables. Mice treated with irradiated IL-12-secreting tumor cells showed significantly better long-term tumor-free survival compared to untreated mice or mice treated with wild-type or GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells, for therapy schedules starting either 7 or 14 days after tumor challenge (Figures 7A and 7B, p<0.05 for all comparisons with IL-12-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy) . When immunotherapy was commenced 7 days after tumor transplantation, much of the survival advantage of mice treated with IL-12-secreting tumor cells was due to prevention of the development of late tumors (Figure 7C, p<0.05 for all comparisons by the log rank test) . When immunotherapy commenced 14 days after tumor transplantation, much of the survival advantage was due to the regression of established tumors (Figures 7C, 7D and 8, p<0.005 compared to mice receiving wild-type or GM-CSF- secreting tumor cell immunotherapy) . The palpable tumors that regressed in mice receiving IL-12-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy range from 1 to 8.5 mm in average diameter, and became impalpable 20-43 days (median 30 days) after tumor transplantation. The number of animals per group were respectively: 7A and 7B, 137, 40, 40, 38; and 7C and 7D, 18, 39, 40, 40. P-values given are for the least significant difference between treatment with IL-12- secreting cells and other groups. To determine the overall effect, data were pooled from groups that received like- immunotherapy cells by several schedules. Subgroup analyses of therapies commencing on day 14 suggested that superior survival from immunotherapy with IL-12-secreting tumor cells resulted from schedules with more than one weekly dose of immunotherapy (p=0.1) , doses of 5 x IO 6 rather than 1 x IO 6 IL-12-secreting cells (p<0.02) . Hence, in all subsequent experiments utilizing transduced tumor cells, immunotherapy regimens comprised the higher cell dose administered weekly for 4 weeks. Statistical Analyses All analyses were conducted on the basis of the intention to treat at the time of the random allocation of mice to groups. Descriptive statistics were calculated for major endpoints. Except where otherwise stated, differences in the survival endpoint were evaluated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. For survival analyses, occasional deaths immediately after anaesthesia and treatment were treated as censored events. The chi-square test was used to measure the association of categorical variables. Where p-values summarize the comparisons between multiple groups, only the largest p-value is given. Analyses were conducted using JMP software on a Power Macintosch 6100/60 computer. EXAMPLE 7 Study of Mechanisms of IL-12-induced Tumor Regression and Improved Survival In order to determine whether immunotherapy with IL- 12-secreting tumor cells was effective against larger tumor burdens, tumors were established with 4 x IO 5 tumor cells, which, compared with 2 x 10 s cells, resulted in higher tumor incidence (day 14 palpability rates of 98/100 vs. 83/100, respectively), larger mean tumor size (6.7+3.0 vs. 3.7±2.4 mm diameter at day 14, respectively) and shorter median survival without treatment (31 vs. 37 days) . Following establishment of these larger tumors, 70% (7/10) of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-12-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy from day 14 survived with complete tumor regression, compared with 0/10 mice treated with wild-type tumor cells (p≤O.001) . The administration of IL-12 systemically (intraperitoneally) to mice bearing tumors initiated by 2 x 10 s CMS-5 cells also resulted in the regression of established tumors (Figure 9) and improved survival (4/5 at 90 days for mice treated with 0.1 μg/d, compared to 0/5 for placebo-treated mice) . For mice with tumors established from 2 x 10 s CMS-5 cells, an IL-12 dose of 0.1 μg/d (4/5 survival) was superior to 1 (3/5 survival), 0.01 (1/5 survival) and 0.001 μg/d, for regimens starting either 7 or 14 days after tumor transplantation. It was therefore possible that the regression of tumors in mice receiving immunotherapy with IL-12-secreting cells was not dependent on the local release of IL-12 at the site of the irradiated tumor cells administered as immunotherapy, but rather on a systemic effect of IL-12. This was evaluated by comparing different schedules starting on day 14 which combined either wild-type or IL- 12-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy and systemic therapy with either IL-12, placebo or nothing. In mice with tumors initiated by 2 x 10 s CMS-5 cells, there was a tendency for median and overall survival to be better for immunotherapy with IL-12-secreting tumor cells than for systemic IL-12 therapy (Figure 10A) . This tendency was statistically significant for mice with tumors initiated by 4 x IO 5 cells (Figure 10B, p=0.006 comparing groups receiving systemic IL-12 (either alone or in combination with wild-type cells) vs. mice receiving IL-12-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy (either alone or with systemic therapy with diluent)) . Comparisons of smaller, uniformly-treated groups (n=10/group, tumors initiated by 4 x IO 5 cells) indicated that combining administration of wild type cells with systemic IL-12 was not different to systemic IL-12 therapy alone (p=0.85) and appeared inferior to vaccination with IL-12-secreting tumor cells alone (p=0.04) or given with placebo systemic therapy (p=0.19) . EXAMPLE 8 Antitumor Effect of IL-12 Fusion Protein In the pre-existing CMS-5 tumor model, immunotherapy with CMS-5 tumor cells expressing the IL-12 fusion protein SFG. IL-12.p40. linker.Δp35 was as effective as therapy with tumor cells making native IL-12 (Figures 11A and 11B) . For mice with tumors initiated by either 2 x 10 s or 4 x 10 5 CMS-5, survival was greater than 90% for groups of mice treated with CMS-5 cells secreting either form of IL-12, compared to less than 40% for mice that received no treatment, or treatment with wild-type or GM-CSF-secreting cells (p≤O .02) . EXAMPLE 9 Comparison of Immunotherapy of Established Non- immunogenic B16 Tumors with GM-CSF-secreting and IL-12-secreting Tumor Cells In order to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy with IL-12-secreting tumor cells in another tumor model, the non-immunogenic B16 melanoma was studied. B16 tumor cells were transduced to make native IL-12 at 90 ng/ml/48hr/10 6 irradiated cells or the single chain IL-12 (SFG.IL- 12.p40. linker. p35) at 170 ng/ml/48hr/10 6 irradiated cells. B16 tumors were initiated with 4 x IO 5 cells and immunotherapy of established tumors commenced either on day 7 (25% tumor palpability) or day 14 (93% tumor palpability, mean tumor diameter 5.74±3.23, n=56) ) . This procedure was analyzed after 31 days of follow up, when only 1/60 (2%) of mice that were treated with wild-type cells, CM-CSF- secreting cells or nothing as immunotherapy survived. Although mice treated with IL-12-secreting cells had comparably poor overall survival, their median survival was significantly prolonged compared to that of control mice treated with wild-type cells when treatment commenced on day 7 (Figure 12A, 24 vs. 18 days p=0.01) and day 14 (Figure 12B, 28 vs. 18 days, p=0.0005) . Similarly, median survival was prolonged with therapy with IL-12 fusion protein-secreting tumor cells when treatment commenced on day 7 (21 vs. 18 days, p=0.08) and day 14 (24 vs. 18 days, p=0.006) . In 3/4 scenarios, IL-12-secreting tumor cells were superior to GM-CSF-secreting cells (respective p- values 0.01, 0.14, 0.003, 0.02) . Given the potent effect of GM-CSF-secreting B16 cells to induce antitumor immunity when used as a vaccine prior to tumor challenge, but their lack of effect on tumor growth when administered after tumor establishment, the effects of IL-12-secreting and GM-CSF-secreting B16 cells were compared as vaccines in a B16 tumor challenge model. The IL-12-secreting B16 cells used in initial studies secreted native IL-12 at 1-3 ng/ml/48hr/10 6 irradiated cells. GM-CSF-secreting B16 cells induced antitumor immunity when used as vaccines before tumor transplantation (Figure 12C, 80% 100-day survival) . EXAMPLE 10 Immunotherapeutic Effect of IL-12 Delivery by Tumor Cells of Different Origin from Tumor to be Treated The effect of the delivery of IL-12 by tumor cells of different origin from the tumor to be treated on survival was assessed in renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) tumors. RENCA tumors were initiated with 4 x 10 s cells, and immunotherapy of established tumors commenced on day 14. In one procedure, groups of mice were treated with either irradiated wild type CMS-5 cells or CMS-5 tumor cells transduced to secrete either native IL-12 or the fusion protein SFG. IL-12.p40.linker.Δp35 (Figure 13A) . In another procedure, additional groups of mice were treated with a combination of irradiated CMS-5 and RENCA wild type cells, a combination of irradiated wild type CMS-5 and IL-12- secreting RENCA tumor cells or a combination of irradiated wild type RENCA tumor cells and IL-12-secreting CMS-5 tumor cells (Figure 13B) . In the first procedure, immunotherapy with both CMS-5 tumor cells secreting native IL-12 and the IL-12 fusion protein prolonged the median survival (p-values of p=0.02 and p=0.06, respectively) . In the second procedure, mice treated with a combination of irradiated RENCA tumor cells and IL-12-secreting CMS-5 tumor cells exhibited a trend toward increased survival. Additionally, CMS-5 tumors were initiated with 4 x IO 5 cells, and immunotherapy of established tumors commenced on day 14. In one procedure, the established CMS-5 tumors were treated with either irradiated wild type RENCA tumor cells or RENCA tumor cells transduced to secrete either native IL-12 or the IL-12 fusion protein SFG.IL- 12.p40.linker.Δp35 (Figure 14A) . In another procedure, additional groups of mice were treated with a combination of irradiated CMS-5 and RENCA wild type cells, a combination of irradiated wild type CMS-5 and IL-12- secreting RENCA tumor cells or a combination of irradiated wild type RENCA tumor cells and IL-12-secreting CMS-5 tumor cells (Figure 14B) . In the first procedure, immunotherapy with RENCA cells secreting the IL-12 fusion protein moderately prolonged the survival of the mice compared to mice treated with wild type RENCA cells; the effect was consistent with the lower dose of IL-12 delivered by the transduced RENCA cells. In the second procedure, both mice treated with a combination of IL-12-secreting CMS-5 cells and wild type RENCA cells and mice treated with a combination of IL-12-secreting CMS- 5 cells and wild type RENCA cells showed significantly prolonged survival (p-values of p=0.004 and p=0.04) compared with mice treated with wild type RENCA and wild type CMS-5 cells. Equivalents Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims. SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: (i) APPLICANT: (A) NAME: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research <B) STREET: 9 Cambridge Center (C) CITY: Cambridge (D) STATE/PROVINCE: MA (E) COUNTRY: US (F) POSTAL CODE/ZIP: 02142 (G) TELEPHONE: 617-258-5104 (I) TELEFAX: 617-258-6294 (i) APPLICANT/INVENTOR: (A) NAME: Graham J. Lieschke (B) STREET: 5 Rollins Court (C) CITY: Cambridge (D) STATE/PROVINCE: MA (E) COUNTRY: US (F) POSTAL CODE/ZIP: 02139 (i) APPLICANT/INVENTOR: (A) NAME: Richard C. Mulligan (B) STREET: 2 Sandy Pond Road (C) CITY: Lincoln (D) STATE/PROVINCE: MA (E) COUNTRY: US (F) POSTAL CODE/ZIP: 01773 (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: Bioactive Fusion Proteins and Pre-existing Tumor Therapy (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 36 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A) ADDRESSEE: Hamilton, Brook, Smith & Reynolds, P.C. (B) STREET: Two Militia Drive (C) CITY: Lexington (D) STATE: Massachusetts (E) COUNTRY: USA (F) ZIP: 02173 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS (D) SOFTWARE: Patentin Release #1.0, Version #1.30 (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: (B) FILING DATE: (C) CLASSIFICATION: (vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: US 08/385,335 (B) FILING DATE: 08-FEB-1995 (viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: (A) NAME: Granahan, Patricia (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 32,227 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: WHI95-OlA.PCT (ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION: (A) TELEPHONE: 617-861-6240 (B) TELEFAX: 617-861-9540 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 54 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l: AGCTCCGCCG GTGGTGGTGG GTCGGGTGGC GGCGGATCTT CCATGGGTCC TCAG 54 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 66 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2 : GTCCGATCCG GTGGCGGTGG CTCGGGCGGT GGTGGGTCGG GTGGCGGCGG ATCTTCCATG 60 GGTCAA 66 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 66 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: AGCTCCGCCG GTGGCGGTGG CTCGGGCGGT GGTGGGTCGG GTGGCGGCGG ATCTATGTGG 60 GAGCTG 66 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 66 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: GTCCGATCCG GTGGCGGTGG CTCGGGCGGT GGTGGGTCGG GTGGCGGCGG ATCTAGGGTC 60 ATTCCA 66 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5: Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Ser 1 5 10 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6: Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 7 : Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 8 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 6350 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8: AAGCTTTGCT CTTAGGAGTT TCCTAATACA TCCCAAACTC AAATATATAA AGCATTTGAC 60 TTGTTCTATG CCCTAGGGGG CGGGGGGAAG CTAAGCCAGC TTTTTTTAAC ATTTAAAATG 120 TTAATTCCAT TTTAAATGCA CAGATGTTTT TATTTCATAA GGGTTTCAAT GTGCATGAAT 180 GCTGCAATAT TCCTGTTACC AAAGCTAGTA TAAATAAAAA TAGATAAACG TGGAAATTAC 240 TTAGAGTTTC TGTCATTAAC GTTTCCTTCC TCAGTTGACA ACATAAATGC GCTGCTGAGC 300 AAGCCAGTTT GCATCTGTCA GGATCAATTT CCCATTATGC CAGTCATATT AATTACTAGT 360 CAATTAGTTG ATTTTTATTT TTGACATATA CATGTGAATG AAAGACCCCA CCTGTAGGTT 420 TGGCAAGCTA GCTTAAGTAA CGCCATTTTG CAAGGCATGG AAAAATACAT AACTGAGAAT 480 AGAAAAGTTC AGATCAAGGT CAGGAACAGA TGGAACAGCT GAATATGGGC CAAACAGGAT 540 ATCTGTGGTA AGCAGTTCCT GCCCCGGCTC AGGGCCAAGA ACAGATGGAA CAGCTGAATA 600 TGGGCCAAAC AGGATATCTG TGGTAAGCAG TTCCTGCCCC GGCTCAGGGC CAAGAACAGA 660 TGGTCCCCAG ATGCGGTCCA GCCCTCAGCA GTTTCTAGAG AACCATCAGA TGTTTCCAGG 720 GTGCCCCAAG GACCTGAAAT GACCCTGTGC CTTATTTGAA CTAACCAATC AGTTCGCTTC 780 TCGCTTCTGT TCGCGCGCTT ATGCTCCCCG AGCTCAATAA AAGAGCCCAC AACCCCTCAC 840 TCGGGGCGCC AGTCCTCCGA TTGACTGAGT CGCCCGGGTA CCCGTGTATC CAATAAACCC 900 TCTTGCAGTT GCATCCGACT TGTGGTCTCG CTGTTCCTTG GGAGGGTCTC CTCTGAGTGA 960 TTGACTACCC GTCAGCGGGG GTCTTTCATT TGGGGGCTCG TCCGGGATCG GGAGACCCCT 1020 GCCCAGGGAC CACCGACCCA CCACCGGGAG GTAAGCTGGC CAGCAACTTA TCTGTGTCTG 1080 TCCGATTGTC TAGTGTCTAT GACTGATTTT ATGCGCCTGC GTCGGTACTA GTTAGCTAAC 1140 TAGCTCTGTA TCTGGCGGAC CCGTGGTGGA ACTGACGAGT TCGGAACACC CGGCCGCAAC 1200 CCTGGGAGAC GTCCCAGGGA CTTCGGGGGC CGTTTTTGTG GCCCGACCTG AGTCCTAAAA 1260 TCCCGATCGT TTAGGACTCT TTGGTGCACC CCCCTTAGAG GAGGGATATG TGGTTCTGGT 1320 AGGAGACGAG AACCTAAAAC AGTTCCCGCC TCCGTCTGAA TTTTTGCTTT CGGTTTGGGA 1380 CCGAAGCCGC GCCGCGCGTC TTGTCTGCTG CAGCATCGTT CTGTGTTGTC TCTGTCTGAC 1440 TGTGTTTCTG TATTTGTCTG AAAATATGGG CCCGGGCTAG CCTGTTACCA CTCCCTTAAG 1500 TTTGACCTTA GGTCACTGGA AAGATGTCGA GCGGATCGCT CACAACCAGT CGGTAGATGT 1560 CAAGAAGAGA CGTTGGGTTA CCTTCTGCTC TGCAGAATGG CCAACCTTTA ACGTCGGATG 1620 GCCGCGAGAC GGCACCTTTA ACCGAGACCT CATCACCCAG GTTAAGATCA AGGTCTTTTC 1680 ACCTGGCCCG CATGGACACC CAGACCAGGT GGGGTACATC GTGACCTGGG AAGCCTTGGC 1740 TTTTGACCCC CCTCCCTGGG TCAAGCCCTT TGTACACCCT AAGCCTCCGC CTCCTCTTCC 1800 TCCATCCGCC CCGTCTCTCC CCCTTGAACC TCCTCGTTCG ACCCCGCCTC GATCCTCCCT 1860 TTATCCAGCC CTCACTCCTT CTCTAGGCGC CCCCATATGG CCATATGAGA TCTTATATGG 1920 GGCACCCCCG CCCCTTGTAA ACTTCCCTGA CCCTGACATG ACAAGAGTTA CTAACAGCCC 1980 CTCTCTCCAA GCTCACTTAC AGGCTCTCTA CTTAGTCCAG CACGAAGTCT GGAGACCTCT 2040 GGCGGCAGCC TACCAAGAAC AACTGGACCG ACCGGTGGTA CCTCACCCTT ACCGAGTCGG 2100 CGACACAGTG TGGGTCCGCC GACACCAGAC TAAGAACCTA GAACCTCGCT GGAAAGGACC 2160 TTACACAGTC CTGCTGACCA CCCCCACCGC CCTCAAAGTA GACGGCATCG CAGCTTGGAT 2220 ACACGCCGCC CACGTGAAGG CTGCCGACCC CGGGGGTGGA CCATCCTCTA GACTGCCATG 2280 GCGCGGATCC GGATTAGTCC AATTTGTTAA AGACAGGATA TCAGTGGTCC AGGCTCTAGT 2340 TTTGACTCAA CAATATCACC AGCTGAAGCC TATAGAGTAC GAGCCATAGA TAAAATAAAA 2400 GATTTTATTT AGTCTCCAGA AAAAGGGGGG AATGAAAGAC CCCACCTGTA GGTTTGGCAA 2460 GCTAGCTTAA GTAACGCCAT TTTGCAAGGC ATGGAAAAAT ACATAACTGA GAATAGAGAA 2520 GTTCAGATCA AGGTCAGGAA CAGATGGAAC AGCTGAATAT GGGCCAAACA GGATATCTGT 2580 GGTAAGCAGT TCCTGCCCCG GCTCAGGGCC AAGAACAGAT GGAACAGCTG AATATGGGCC 2640 AAACAGGATA TCTGTGGTAA GCAGTTCCTG CCCCGGCTCA GGGCCAAGAA CAGATGGTCC 2700 CCAGATGCGG TCCAGCCCTC AGCAGTTTCT AGAGAACCAT CAGATGTTTC CAGGGTGCCC 2760 CAAGGACCTG AAATGACCCT GTGCCTTATT TGAACTAACC AATCAGTTCG CTTCTCGCTT 2820 CTGTTCGCGC GCTTCTGCTC CCCGAGCTCA ATAAAAGAGC CCACAACCCC TCACTCGGGG 2880 CGCCAGTCCT CCGATTGACT GAGTCGCCCG GGTACCCGTG TATCCAATAA ACCCTCTTGC 2940 AGTTGCATCC GACTTGTGGT CTCGCTGTTC CTTGGGAGGG TCTCCTCTGA GTGATTGACT 3000 ACCCGTCAGC GGGGGTCTTT CACACATGCA GCATGTATCA AAATTAATTT GGTTTTTTTT 3060 CTTAAGTATT TACATTAAAT GGCCATAGTA CTTAAAGTTA CATTGGCTTC CTTGAAATAA 3120 ACATGGAGTA TTCAGAATGT GTCATAAATA TTTCTAATTT TAAGATAGTA TCTCCATTGG 3180 CTTTCTACTT TTTCTTTTAT TTTTTTTTGT CCTCTGTCTT CCATTTGTTG TTGTTGTTGT 3240 TTGTTTGTTT GTTTGTTGGT TGGTTGGTTA ATTTTTTTTT AAAGATCCTA CACTATAGTT 3300 CAAGCTAGAC TATTAGCTAC TCTGTAACCC AGGGTGACCT TGAAGTCATG GGTAGCCTGC 3360 TGTTTTAGCC TTCCCACATC TAAGATTACA GGTATGAGCT ATCATTTTTG GTATATTGAT 3420 TGATTGATTG ATTGATGTGT GTGTGTGTGA TTGTGTTTGT GTGTGTGACT GTGAAAATGT 3480 GTGTATGGGT GTGTGTGAAT GTGTGTATGT ATGTGTGTGT GTGAGTGTGT GTGTGTGTGT 3540 GTGCATGTGT GTGTGTGTGA CTGTGTCTAT GTGTATGACT GTGTGTGTGT GTGTGTGTGT 3600 GTGTGTGTGT GTGTGTGTGT GTGTGTTGTG AAAAAATATT CTATGGTAGT GAGAGCCAAC 3660 GCTCCGGCTC AGGTGTCAGG TTGGTTTTTG AGACAGAGTC TTTCACTTAG CTTGGAATTC 3720 ACTGGCCGTC GTTTTACAAC GTCGTGACTG GGAAAACCCT GGCGTTACCC AACTTAATCG 3780 CCTTGCAGCA CATCCCCCTT TCGCCAGCTG GCGTAATAGC GAAGAGGCCC GCACCGATCG 3840 CCCTTCCCAA CAGTTGCGCA GCCTGAATGG CGAATGGCGC CTGATGCGGT ATTTTCTCCT 3900 TACGCATCTG TGCGGTATTT CACACCGCAT ATGGTGCACT CTCAGTACAA TCTGCTCTGA 3960 TGCCGCATAG TTAAGCCAGC CCCGACACCC GCCAACACCC GCTGACGCGC CCTGACGGGC 4020 TTGTCTGCTC CCGGCATCCG CTTACAGACA AGCTGTGACC GTCTCCGGGA GCTGCATGTG 4080 TCAGAGGTTT TCACCGTCAT CACCGAAACG CGCGATGACG AAAGGGCCTC GTGATACGCC 4140 TATTTTTATA GGTTAATGTC ATGATAATAA TGGTTTCTTA GACGTCAGGT GGCACTTTTC 4200 GGGGAAATGT GCGCGGAACC CCTATTTGTT TATTTTTCTA AATACATTCA AATATGTATC 4260 CGCTCATGAG ACAATAACCC TGATAAATGC TTCAATAATA TTGAAAAAGG AAGAGTATGA 4320 GTATTCAACA TTTCCGTGTC GCCCTTATTC CCTTTTTTGC GGCATTTTGC CTTCCTGTTT 4380 TTGCTCACCC AGAAACGCTG GTGAAAGTAA AAGATGCTGA AGATCAGTTG GGTGCACGAG 4440 TGGGTTACAT CGAACTGGAT CTCAACAGCG GTAAGATCCT TGAGAGTTTT CGCCCCGAAG 4500 AACGTTTTCC AATGATGAGC ACTTTTAAAG TTCTGCTATG TGGCGCGGTA TTATCCCGTA 4560 TTGACGCCGG GCAAGAGCAA CTCGGTCGCC GCATACACTA TTCTCAGAAT GACTTGGTTG 4620 AGTACTCACC AGTCACAGAA AAGCATCTTA CGGATGGCAT GACAGTAAGA GAATTATGCA 4680 GTGCTGCCAT AACCATGAGT GATAACACTG CGGCCAACTT ACTTCTGACA ACGATCGGAG 4740 GACCGAAGGA GCTAACCGCT TTTTTGCACA ACATGGGGGA TCATGTAACT CGCCTTGATC 4800 GTTGGGAACC GGAGCTGAAT GAAGCCATAC CAAACGACGA GCGTGACACC ACGATGCCTG 4860 TAGCAATGGC AACAACGTTG CGCAAACTAT TAACTGGCGA ACTACTTACT CTAGCTTCCC 4920 GGCAACAATT AATAGACTGG ATGGAGGCGG ATAAAGTTGC AGGACCACTT CTGCGCTCGG 4980 CCCTTCCGGC TGGCTGGTTT ATTGCTGATA AATCTGGAGC CGGTGAGCGT GGGTCTCGCG 5040 GTATCATTGC AGCACTGGGG CCAGATGGTA AGCCCTCCCG TATCGTAGTT ATCTACACGA 5100 CGGGGAGTCA GGCAACTATG GATGAACGAA ATAGACAGAT CGCTGAGATA GGTGCCTCAC 5160 TGATTAAGCA TTGGTAACTG TCAGACCAAG TTTACTCATA TATACTTTAG ATTGATTTAA 5220 AACTTCATTT TTAATTTAAA AGGATCTAGG TGAAGATCCT TTTTGATAAT CTCATGACCA 5280 AAATCCCTTA ACGTGAGTTT TCGTTCCACT GAGCGTCAGA CCCCGTAGAA AAGATCAAAG 5340 GATCTTCTTG AGATCCTTTT TTTCTGCGCG TAATCTGCTG CTTGCAAACA AAAAAACCAC 5400 CGCTACCAGC GGTGGTTTGT TTGCCGGATC AAGAGCTACC AACTCTTTTT CCGAAGGTAA 5460 CTGGCTTCAG CAGAGCGCAG ATACCAAATA CTGTCCTTCT AGTGTAGCCG TAGTTAGGCC 5520 ACCACTTCAA GAACTCTGTA GCACCGCCTA CATACCTCGC TCTGCTAATC CTGTTACCAG 5580 TGGCTGCTGC CAGTGGCGAT AAGTCGTGTC TTACCGGGTT GGACTCAAGA CGATAGTTAC 5640 CGGATAAGGC GCAGCGGTCG GGCTGAACGG GGGGTTCGTG CACACAGCCC AGCTTGGAGC 5700 GAACGACCTA CACCGAACTG AGATACCTAC AGCGTGAGCA TTGAGAAAGC GCCACGCTTC 5760 CCGAAGGGAG AAAGGCGGAC AGGTATCCGG TAAGCGGCAG GGTCGGAACA GGAGAGCGCA 5820 CGAGGGAGCT TCCAGGGGGA AACGCCTGGT ATCTTTATAG TCCTGTCGGG TTTCGCCACC 5880 TCTGACTTGA GCGTCGATTT TTGTGATGCT CGTCAGGGGG GCGGAGCCTA TGGAAAAACG 5940 CCAGCAACGC GGCCTTTTTA CGGTTCCTGG CCTTTTGCTG GCCTTTTGCT CACATGTTCT 6000 TTCCTGCGTT ATCCCCTGAT TCTGTGGATA ACCGTATTAC CGCCTTTGAG TGAGCTGATA 6060 CCGCTCGCCG CAGCCGAACG ACCGAGCGCA GCGAGTCAGT GAGCGAGGAA GCGGAAGAGC 6120 GCCCAATACG CAAACCGCCT CTCCCCGCGC GTTGGCCGAT TCATTAATGC AGCTGGCACG 6180 ACAGGTTTCC CGACTGGAAA GCGGGCAGTG AGCGCAACGC AATTAATGTG AGTTAGCTCA 6240 CTCATTAGGC ACCCCAGGCT TTACACTTTA TGCTTCCGGC TCGTATGTTG TGTGGAATTG 6300 TGAGCGGATA ACAATTTCAC ACAGGAAACA GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC 6350 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 6350 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9: TTCGAAACGA GAATCCTCAA AGGATTATGT AGGGTTTGAG TTTATATATT TCGTAAACTG 60 AACAAGATAC GGGATCCCCC GCCCCCCTTC GATTCGGTCG AAAAAAATTG TAAATTTTAC 120 AATTAAGGTA AAATTTACGT GTCTACAAAA ATAAAGTATT CCCAAAGTTA CACGTACTTA 180 CGACGTTATA AGGACAATGG TTTCGATCAT ATTTATTTTT ATCTATTTGC ACCTTTAATG 240 AATCTCAAAG ACAGTAATTG CAAAGGAAGG AGTCAACTGT TGTATTTACG CGACGACTCG 300 TTCGGTCAAA CGTAGACAGT CCTAGTTAAA GGGTAATACG GTCAGTATAA TTAATGATCA 360 GTTAATCAAC TAAAAATAAA AACTGTATAT GTACACTTAC TTTCTGGGGT GGACATCCAA 420 ACCGTTCGAT CGAATTCATT GCGGTAAAAC GTTCCGTACC TTTTTATGTA TTGACTCTTA 480 TCTTTTCAAG TCTAGTTCCA GTCCTTGTCT ACCTTGTCGA CTTATACCCG GTTTGTCCTA 540 TAGACACCAT TCGTCAAGGA CGGGGCCGAG TCCCGGTTCT TGTCTACCTT GTCGACTTAT 600 ACCCGGTTTG TCCTATAGAC ACCATTCGTC AAGGACGGGG CCGAGTCCCG GTTCTTGTCT 660 ACCAGGGGTC TACGCCAGGT CGGGAGTCGT CAAAGATCTC TTGGTAGTCT ACAAAGGTCC 720 CACGGGGTTC CTGGACTTTA CTGGGACACG GAATAAACTT GATTGGTTAG TCAAGCGAAG 780 AGCGAAGACA AGCGCGCGAA TACGAGGGGC TCGAGTTATT TTCTCGGGTG TTGGGGAGTG 840 AGCCCCGCGG TCAGGAGGCT AACTGACTCA GCGGGCCCAT GGGCACATAG GTTATTTGGG 900 AGAACGTCAA CGTAGGCTGA ACACCAGAGC GACAAGGAAC CCTCCCAGAG GAGACTCACT 960 AACTGATGGG CAGTCGCCCC CAGAAAGTAA ACCCCCGAGC AGGCCCTAGC CCTCTGGGGA 1020 CGGGTCCCTG GTGGCTGGGT GGTGGCCCTC CATTCGACCG GTCGTTGAAT AGACACAGAC 1080 AGGCTAACAG ATCACAGATA CTGACTAAAA TACGCGGACG CAGCCATGAT CAATCGATTG 1140 ATCGAGACAT AGACCGCCTG GGCACCACCT TGACTGCTCA AGCCTTGTGG GCCGGCGTTG 1200 GGACCCTCTG CAGGGTCCCT GAAGCCCCCG GCAAAAACAC CGGGCTGGAC TCAGGATTTT 1260 AGGGCTAGCA AATCCTGAGA AACCACGTGG GGGGAATCTC CTCCCTATAC ACCAAGACCA 1320 TCCTCTGCTC TTGGATTTTG TCAAGGGCGG AGGCAGACTT AAAAACGAAA GCCAAACCCT 1380 GGCTTCGGCG CGGCGCGCAG AACAGACGAC GTCGTAGCAA GACACAACAG AGACAGACTG 1440 ACACAAAGAC ATAAACAGAC TTTTATACCC GGGCCCGATC GGACAATGGT GAGGGAATTC 1500 AAACTGGAAT CCAGTGACCT TTCTACAGCT CGCCTAGCGA GTGTTGGTCA GCCATCTACA 1560 GTTCTTCTCT GCAACCCAAT GGAAGACGAG ACGTCTTACC GGTTGGAAAT TGCAGCCTAC 1620 CGGCGCTCTG CCGTGGAAAT TGGCTCTGGA GTAGTGGGTC CAATTCTAGT TCCAGAAAAG 1680 TGGACCGGGC GTACCTGTGG GTCTGGTCCA CCCCATGTAG CACTGGACCC TTCGGAACCG 1740 AAAACTGGGG GGAGGGACCC AGTTCGGGAA ACATGTGGGA TTCGGAGGCG GAGGAGAAGG 1800 AGGTAGGCGG GGCAGAGAGG GGGAACTTGG AGGAGCAAGC TGGGGCGGAG CTAGGAGGGA 1860 AATAGGTCGG GAGTGAGGAA GAGATCCGCG GGGGTATACC GGTATACTCT AGAATATACC 1920 CCGTGGGGGC GGGGAACATT TGAAGGGACT GGGACTGTAC TGTTCTCAAT GATTGTCGGG 1980 GAGAGAGGTT CGAGTGAATG TCCGAGAGAT GAATCAGGTC GTGCTTCAGA CCTCTGGAGA 040 CCGCCGTCGG ATGGTTCTTG TTGACCTGGC TGGCCACCAT GGAGTGGGAA TGGCTCAGCC 2100 GCTGTGTCAC ACCCAGGCGG CTGTGGTCTG ATTCTTGGAT CTTGGAGCGA CCTTTCCTGG 2160 AATGTGTCAG GACGACTGGT GGGGGTGGCG GGAGTTTCAT CTGCCGTAGC GTCGAACCTA 2220 TGTGCGGCGG GTGCACTTCC GACGGCTGGG GCCCCCACCT GGTAGGAGAT CTGACGGTAC 2280 CGCGCCTAGG CCTAATCAGG TTAAACAATT TCTGTCCTAT AGTCACCAGG TCCGAGATCA 2340 AAACTGAGTT GTTATAGTGG TCGACTTCGG ATATCTCATG CTCGGTATCT ATTTTATTTT 2400 CTAAAATAAA TCAGAGGTCT TTTTCCCCCC TTACTTTCTG GGGTGGACAT CCAAACCGTT 2460 CGATCGAATT CATTGCGGTA AAACGTTCCG TACCTTTTTA TGTATTGACT CTTATCTCTT 2520 CAAGTCTAGT TCCAGTCCTT GTCTACCTTG TCGACTTATA CCCGGTTTGT CCTATAGACA 2580 CCATTCGTCA AGGACGGGGC CGAGTCCCGG TTCTTGTCTA CCTTGTCGAC TTATACCCGG 2640 TTTGTCCTAT AGACACCATT CGTCAAGGAC GGGGCCGAGT CCCGGTTCTT GTCTACCAGG 2700 GGTCTACGCC AGGTCGGGAG TCGTCAAAGA TCTCTTGGTA GTCTACAAAG GTCCCACGGG 2760 GTTCCTGGAC TTTACTGGGA CACGGAATAA ACTTGATTGG TTAGTCAAGC GAAGAGCGAA 2820 GACAAGCGCG CGAAGACGAG GGGCTCGAGT TATTTTCTCG GGTGTTGGGG AGTGAGCCCC 2880 GCGGTCAGGA GGCTAACTGA CTCAGCGGGC CCATGGGCAC ATAGGTTATT TGGGAGAACG 2940 TCAACGTAGG CTGAACACCA GAGCGACAAG GAACCCTCCC AGAGGAGACT CACTAACTGA 3000 TGGGCAGTCG CCCCCAGAAA GTGTGTACGT CGTACATAGT TTTAATTAAA CCAAAAAAAA 3060 GAATTCATAA ATGTAATTTA CCGGTATCAT GAATTTCAAT GTAACCGAAG GAACTTTATT 3120 TGTACCTCAT AAGTCTTACA CAGTATTTAT AAAGATTAAA ATTCTATCAT AGAGGTAACC 3180 GAAAGATGAA AAAGAAAATA AAAAAAAACA GGAGACAGAA GGTAAACAAC AACAACAACA 3240 AACAAACAAA CAAACAACCA ACCAACCAAT TAAAAAAAAA TTTCTAGGAT GTGATATCAA 3300 GTTCGATCTG ATAATCGATG AGACATTGGG TCCCACTGGA ACTTCAGTAC CCATCGGACG 3360 ACAAAATCGG AAGGGTGTAG ATTCTAATGT CCATACTCGA TAGTAAAAAC CATATAACTA 3420 ACTAACTAAC TAACTACACA CACACACACT AACACAAACA CACACACTGA CACTTTTACA 3480 CACATACCCA CACACACTTA CACACATACA TACACACACA CACTCACACA CACACACACA 3540 CACGTACACA CACACACACT GACACAGATA CACATACTGA CACACACACA CACACACACA 3600 CACACACACA CACACACACA CACACAACAC TTTTTTATAA GATACCATCA CTCTCGGTTG 3660 CGAGGCCGAG TCCACAGTCC AACCAAAAAC TCTGTCTCAG AAAGTGAATC GAACCTTAAG 3720 TGACCGGCAG CAAAATGTTG CAGCACTGAC CCTTTTGGGA CCGCAATGGG TTGAATTAGC 3780 GGAACGTCGT GTAGGGGGAA AGCGGTCGAC CGCATTATCG CTTCTCCGGG CGTGGCTAGC 3840 GGGAAGGGTT GTCAACGCGT CGGACTTACC GCTTACCGCG GACTACGCCA TAAAAGAGGA 3900 ATGCGTAGAC ACGCCATAAA GTGTGGCGTA TACCACGTGA GAGTCATGTT AGACGAGACT 3960 ACGGCGTATC AATTCGGTCG GGGCTGTGGG CGGTTGTGGG CGACTGCGCG GGACTGCCCG 4020 AACAGACGAG GGCCGTAGGC GAATGTCTGT TCGACACTGG CAGAGGCCCT CGACGTACAC 4080 AGTCTCCAAA AGTGGCAGTA GTGGCTTTGC GCGCTACTGC TTTCCCGGAG CACTATGCGG 4140 ATAAAAATAT CCAATTACAG TACTATTATT ACCAAAGAAT CTGCAGTCCA CCGTGAAAAG 4200 CCCCTTTACA CGCGCCTTGG GGATAAACAA ATAAAAAGAT TTATGTAAGT TTATACATAG 4260 GCGAGTACTC TGTTATTGGG ACTATTTACG AAGTTATTAT AACTTTTTCC TTCTCATACT 4320 CATAAGTTGT AAAGGCACAG CGGGAATAAG GGAAAAAACG CCGTAAAACG GAAGGACAAA 4380 AACGAGTGGG TCTTTGCGAC CACTTTCATT TTCTACGACT TCTAGTCAAC CCACGTGCTC 4440 ACCCAATGTA GCTTGACCTA GAGTTGTCGC CATTCTAGGA ACTCTCAAAA GCGGGGCTTC 4500 TTGCAAAAGG TTACTACTCG TGAAAATTTC AAGACGATAC ACCGCGCCAT AATAGGGCAT 4560 AACTGCGGCC CGTTCTCGTT GAGCCAGCGG CGTATGTGAT AAGAGTCTTA CTGAACCAAC 4620 TCATGAGTGG TCAGTGTCTT TTCGTAGAAT GCCTACCGTA CTGTCATTCT CTTAATACGT 4680 CACGACGGTA TTGGTACTCA CTATTGTGAC GCCGGTTGAA TGAAGACTGT TGCTAGCCTC 4740 CTGGCTTCCT CGATTGGCGA AAAAACGTGT TGTACCCCCT AGTACATTGA GCGGAACTAG 4800 CAACCCTTGG CCTCGACTTA CTTCGGTATG GTTTGCTGCT CGCACTGTGG TGCTACGGAC 4860 ATCGTTACCG TTGTTGCAAC GCGTTTGATA ATTGACCGCT TGATGAATGA GATCGAAGGG 4920 CCGTTGTTAA TTATCTGACC TACCTCCGCC TATTTCAACG TCCTGGTGAA GACGCGAGCC 4980 GGGAAGGCCG ACCGACCAAA TAACGACTAT TTAGACCTCG GCCACTCGCA CCCAGAGCGC 5040 CATAGTAACG TCGTGACCCC GGTCTACCAT TCGGGAGGGC ATAGCATCAA TAGATGTGCT 5100 GCCCCTCAGT CCGTTGATAC CTACTTGCTT TATCTGTCTA GCGACTCTAT CCACGGAGTG 5160 ACTAATTCGT AACCATTGAC AGTCTGGTTC AAATGAGTAT ATATGAAATC TAACTAAATT 5220 TTGAAGTAAA AATTAAATTT TCCTAGATCC ACTTCTAGGA AAAACTATTA GAGTACTGGT 5280 TTTAGGGAAT TGCACTCAAA AGCAAGGTGA CTCGCAGTCT GGGGCATCTT TTCTAGTTTC 5340 CTAGAAGAAC TCTAGGAAAA AAAGACGCGC ATTAGACGAC GAACGTTTGT TTTTTTGGTG 5400 GCGATGGTCG CCACCAAACA AACGGCCTAG TTCTCGATGG TTGAGAAAAA GGCTTCCATT 5460 GACCGAAGTC GTCTCGCGTC TATGGTTTAT GACAGGAAGA TCACATCGGC ATCAATCCGG 5520 TGGTGAAGTT CTTGAGACAT CGTGGCGGAT GTATGGAGCG AGACGATTAG GACAATGGTC 5580 ACCGACGACG GTCACCGCTA TTCAGCACAG AATGGCCCAA CCTGAGTTCT GCTATCAATG 5640 GCCTATTCCG CGTCGCCAGC CCGACTTGCC CCCCAAGCAC GTGTGTCGGG TCGAACCTCG 5700 CTTGCTGGAT GTGGCTTGAC TCTATGGATG TCGCACTCGT AACTCTTTCG CGGTGCGAAG 5760 GGCTTCCCTC TTTCCGCCTG TCCATAGGCC ATTCGCCGTC CCAGCCTTGT CCTCTCGCGT 5820 GCTCCCTCGA AGGTCCCCCT TTGCGGACCA TAGAAATATC AGGACAGCCC AAAGCGGTGG 5880 AGACTGAACT CGCAGCTAAA AACACTACGA GCAGTCCCCC CGCCTCGGAT ACCTTTTTGC 5940 GGTCGTTGCG CCGGAAAAAT GCCAAGGACC GGAAAACGAC CGGAAAACGA GTGTACAAGA 6000 AAGGACGCAA TAGGGGACTA AGACACCTAT TGGCATAATG GCGGAAACTC ACTCGACTAT 6060 GGCGAGCGGC GTCGGCTTGC TGGCTCGCGT CGCTCAGTCA CTCGCTCCTT CGCCTTCTCG 6120 CGGGTTATGC GTTTGGCGGA GAGGGGCGCG CAACCGGCTA AGTAATTACG TCGACCGTGC 6180 TGTCCAAAGG GCTGACCTTT CGCCCGTCAC TCGCGTTGCG TTAATTACAC TCAATCGAGT 6240 GAGTAATCCG TGGGGTCCGA AATGTGAAAT ACGAAGGCCG AGCATACAAC ACACCTTAAC 6300 ACTCGCCTAT TGTTAAAGTG TGTCCTTTGT CGATACTGGT ACTAATGCGG 6350 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 713 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10: AAGCTTGGGC TGCAGGTCGA TCGACTCTAG AGGATCGATC CCCACCATGG GTCAATCACG 60 CTACCTCCTC TTTTTGGCCA CCCTTGCCCT CCTAAACCAC CTCAGTTTGG CCAGGGTCAT 120 TCCAGTCTCT GGACCTGCCA GGTGTCTTAG CCAGTCCCGA AACCTGCTGA AGACCACAGA 180 TGACATGGTG AAGACGGCCA GAGAAAAACT GAAACATTAT TCCTGCACTG CTGAAGACAT 240 CGATCATGAA GACATCACAC GGGACCAAAC CAGCACATTG AAGACCTGTT TACCACTGGA 300 ACTACACAAG AACGAGAGTT GCCTGGCTAC TAGAGAGACT TCTTCCACAA CAAGAGGGAG 360 CTGCCTGCCC CCACAGAAGA CGTCTTTGAT GATGACCCTG TGCCTTGGTA GCATCTATGA 420 GGACTTGAAG ATGTACCAGA CAGAGTTCCA GGCCATCAAC GCAGCACTTC AGAATCACAA 480 CCATCAGCAG ATCATTCTAG ACAAGGGCAT GCTGGTGGCC ATCGATGAGC TGATGCAGTC 540 TCTGAATCAT AATGGCGAGA CTCTGCGCCA GAAACCTCCT GTGGGAGAAG CAGACCCTTA 600 CAGAGTGAAA ATGAAGCTCT GCATCCTGCT TCACGCCTTC AGCACCCGCG TCGTGACCAT 660 CAACAGGGTG ATGGGCTATC TGAGCTCCGC CTGAGAATTC ATTGATCCAC TAG 713 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 713 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11: TTCGAACCCG ACGTCCAGCT AGCTGAGATC TCCTAGCTAG GGGTGGTACC CAGTTAGTGC 60 GATGGAGGAG AAAAACCGGT GGGAACGGGA GGATTTGGTG GAGTCAAACC GGTCCCAGTA 120 AGGTCAGAGA CCTGGACGGT CCACAGAATC GGTCAGGGCT TTGGACGACT TCTGGTGTCT 180 ACTGTACCAC TTCTGCCGGT CTCTTTTTGA CTTTGTAATA AGGACGTGAC GACTTCTGTA 240 GCTAGTACTT CTGTAGTGTG CCCTGGTTTG GTCGTGTAAC TTCTGGACAA ATGGTGACCT 300 TGATGTGTTC TTGCTCTCAA CGGACCGATG ATCTCTCTGA AGAAGGTGTT GTTCTCCCTC 360 GACGGACGGG GGTGTCTTCT GCAGAAACTA CTACTGGGAC ACGGAACCAT CGTAGATACT 420 CCTGAACTTC TACATGGTCT GTCTCAAGGT CCGGTAGTTG CGTCGTGAAG TCTTAGTGTT 480 GGTAGTCGTC TAGTAAGATC TGTTCCCGTA CGACCACCGG TAGCTACTCG ACTACGTCAG 540 AGACTTAGTA TTACCGCTCT GAGACGCGGT CTTTGGAGGA CACCCTCTTC GTCTGGGAAT 600 GTCTCACTTT TACTTCGAGA CGTAGGACGA AGTGCGGAAG TCGTGGGCGC AGCACTGGTA 660 GTTGTCCCAC TACCCGATAG ACTCGAGGCG GACTCTTAAG TAACTAGGTG ATC 713 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 215 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 12 : Met Gly Gin Ser Arg Tyr Leu Leu Phe Leu Ala Thr Leu Ala Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Asn His Leu Ser Leu Ala Arg Val lie Pro Val Ser Gly Pro Ala Arg 20 25 30 Cys Leu Ser Gin Ser Arg Asn Leu Leu Lys Thr Thr Asp Asp Met Val 35 40 45 Lys Thr Ala Arg Glu Lys Leu Lys His Tyr Ser Cys Thr Ala Glu Asp 50 55 60 He Asp His Glu Asp He Thr Arg Asp Gin Thr Ser Thr Leu Lys Thr 65 70 75 80 Cys Leu Pro Leu Glu Leu His Lys Asn Glu Ser Cys Leu Ala Thr Arg 85 90 95 Glu Thr Ser Ser Thr Thr Arg Gly Ser Cys Leu Pro Pro Gin Lys Thr 100 105 110 Ser Leu Met Met Thr Leu Cys Leu Gly Ser He Tyr Glu Asp Leu Lys 115 120 125 Met Tyr Gin Thr Glu Phe Gin Ala He Asn Ala Ala Leu Gin Asn His 130 135 140 Asn His Gin Gin He He Leu Asp Lys Gly Met Leu Val Ala He Asp 145 150 155 160 Glu Leu Met Gin Ser Leu Asn His Asn Gly Glu Thr Leu Arg Gin Lys 165 170 175 Pro Pro Val Gly Glu Ala Asp Pro Tyr Arg Val Lys Met Lys Leu Cys 180 185 190 He Leu Leu His Ala Phe Ser Thr Arg Val Val Thr He Asn Arg Val 195 200 205 Met Gly Tyr Leu Ser Ser Ala 210 215 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1060 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13: AAGCTTGGGC TGCAGGTCGA TCGACTCTAG AGGATCGATC CCCACCATGG GTCCTCAGAA 60 GCTAACCATC TCCTGGTTTG CCATCGTTTT GCTGGTGTCT CCACTCATGG CCATGTGGGA 120 GCTGAGAAAG ACGTTTATGT TGTAGAGGTG GACTGGACTC CCGATGCCCC TGGAGAAACA 180 GTGAACCTCA CCTGTGACAC GCCTGAAGAA GATGACATCA CCTGGACCTC AGACCAGAGA 240 CATGGAGTCA TAGGCTCTGG AAAGACCCTG ACCATCACTG TCAAAGAGTT TCTAGATGCT 300 GGCCAGTACA CCTGCCACAA AGGAGGCGAG ACTCTGAGCC ACTCACATCT GCTGCTCCAC 360 AAGAAGGAAA ATGGAATTTG GTCCACTGAA ATTTTAAAAA ATTTCAAAAA CAAGACTTTC 420 CTGAAGTGTG AAGCACCAAA TTACTCCGGA CGGTTCACGT GCTCATGGCT GGTGCAAAGA 480 AACATGGACT TGAAGTTCAA CATCAAGAGC AGTAGCAGTT CCCCTGACTC TCGGGCAGTG 540 ACATGTGGAA TGGCGTCTCT GTCTGCAGAG AAGGTCACAC TGGACCAAAG GGACTATGAG 600 AAGTATTCAG TGTCCTGCCA GGAGGATGTC ACCTGCCCAA CTGCCGAGGA GACCCTGCCC 660 ATTGAACTGG CGTTGGAAGC ACGGCAGCAG AATAAATATG AGAACTACAG CACCAGCTTC 720 TTCATCAGGG ACATCATCAA ACCAGACCCG CCCAAGAACT TGCAGATGAA GCCTTTGAAG 780 AACTCACAGG TGGAGGTCAG CTGGGAGTAC CCTGACTCCT GGAGCACTCC CCATTCCTAC 840 TTCTCCCTCA AGTTCTTTGT TCGAATCCAG CGCAAGAAAG AAAAGATGAA GGAGACAGAG 900 GAGGGGTGTA ACCAGAAAGG TGCGTTCCTC GTAGAGAAGA CATCTACCGA AGTCCAATGC 960 AAAGGCGGGA ATGTCTGCGT GCAAGCTCAG GATCGCTATT ACAATTCCTC ATGCAGCAAG 1020 TGGGCATGTG TTCCCTGCAG GGTCCGATCC TAGGAATTCC 1060 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1060 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14: TTCGAACCCG ACGTCCAGCT AGCTGAGATC TCCTAGCTAG GGGTGGTACC CAGGAGTCTT 60 CGATTGGTAG AGGACCAAAC GGTAGCAAAA CGACCACAGA GGTGAGTACC GGTACACCCT 120 CGACCTCTTT CTGCAAATAC AACATCTCCA CCTGACCTGA GGGCTACGGG GACCTCTTTG 180 TCACTTGGAG TGGACACTGT GCGGACTTCT TCTACTGTAG TGGACCTGGA GTCTGGTCTC 240 TGTACCTCAG TATCCGAGAC CTTTCTGGGA CTGGTAGTGA CAGTTTCTCA AAGATCTACG 300 ACCGGTCATG TGGACGGTGT TTCCTCCGCT CTGAGACTCG GTGAGTGTAG ACGACGAGGT 360 GTTCTTCCTT TTACCTTAAA CCAGGTGACT TTAAAATTTT TTAAAGTTTT TGTTCTGAAA 420 GGACTTCACA CTTCGTGGTT TAATGAGGCC TGCCAAGTGC ACGAGTACCG ACCACGTTTC 480 TTTGTACCTG AACTTCAAGT TGTAGTTCTC GTCATCGTCA AGGGGACTGA GAGCCCGTCA 540 CTGTACACCT TACCGCAGAG ACAGACGTCT CTTCCAGTGT GACCTGGTTT CCCTGATACT 600 CTTCATAAGT CACAGGACGG TCCTCCTACA GTGGACGGGT TGACGGCTCC TCTGGGACGG 660 GTAACTTGAC CGCAACCTTC GTGCCGTCGT CTTATTTATA CTCTTGATGT CGTGGTCGAA 720 GAAGTAGTCC CTGTAGTAGT TTGGTCTGGG CGGGTTCTTG AACGTCTACT TCGGAAACTT 780 CTTGAGTGTC CACCTCCAGT CGACCCTCAT GGGACTGAGG ACCTCGTGAG GGGTAAGGAT 840 GAAGAGGGAG TTCAAGAAAC AAGCTTAGGT CGCGTTCTTT CTTTTCTACT TCCTCTGTCT 900 CCTCCCCACA TTGGTCTTTC CACGCAAGGA GCATCTCTTC TGTAGATGGC TTCAGGTTAC 960 GTTTCCGCCC TTACAGACGC ACGTTCGAGT CCTAGCGATA ATGTTAAGGA GTACGTCGTT 1020 CACCCGTACA CAAGGGACGT CCCAGGCTAG GATCTTAAGG 1060 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 335 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15: Met Gly Pro Gin Lys Leu Thr He Ser Trp Phe Ala He Val Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Pro Leu Met Ala Met Trp Glu Leu Glu Lys Asp Val Tyr Val 20 25 30 Val Glu Val Asp Trp Thr Pro Asp Ala Pro Gly Glu Thr Val Asn Leu 35 40 45 Thr Cys Asp Thr Pro Glu Glu Asp Asp He Thr Trp Thr Ser Asp Gin 50 55 60 Arg His Gly Val He Gly Ser Gly Lys Thr Leu Thr He Thr Val Lys 65 70 75 80 Glu Phe Leu Asp Ala Gly Gin Tyr Thr Cys His Lys Gly Gly Glu Thr 85 90 95 Leu Ser His Ser His Leu Leu Leu His Lys Lys Glu Asn Gly He Trp 100 105 110 Ser Thr Glu He Leu Lys Asn Phe Lys Asn Lys Thr Phe Leu Lys Cys 115 120 125 Glu Ala Pro Asn Tyr Ser Gly. Arg Phe Thr Cys Ser Trp Leu Val Gin 130 135 140 Arg Asn Met Asp Leu Lys Phe Asn He Lys Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Pro 145 150 155 160 Asp Ser Arg Ala Val Thr Cys Gly Met Ala Ser Leu Ser Ala Glu Lys 165 170 175 Val Thr Leu Asp Gin Arg Asp Tyr Glu Lys Tyr Ser Val Ser Cys Gin 180 185 190 Glu Asp Val Thr Cys Pro Thr Ala Glu Glu Thr Leu Pro He Glu Leu 195 200 205 Ala Leu Glu Ala Arg Gin Gin Asn Lys Tyr Glu Asn Tyr Ser Thr Ser 210 215 220 Phe Phe He Arg Asp He He Lys Pro Asp Pro Pro Lys Asn Leu Gin 225 230 235 240 Met Lys Pro Leu Lys Asn Ser Gin Val Glu Val Ser Trp Glu Tyr Pro 245 250 255 Asp Ser Trp Ser Thr Pro His Ser Tyr Phe Ser Leu Lys Phe Phe Val 260 265 270 Arg He Gin Arg Lys Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Glu Thr Glu Glu Gly Cys 275 280 285 Asn Gin Lys Gly Ala Phe Leu Val Glu Lys Thr Ser Thr Glu Val Gin 290 295 300 Cys Lys Gly Gly Asn Val Cys Val Gin Ala Gin Asp Arg Tyr Tyr Asn 305 310 315 320 Ser Ser Cys Ser Lys Trp Ala Cys Val Pro Cys Arg Val Arg Ser 325 330 335 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16 : (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 61 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16: CCGCCGGTGG CGGTGGCTCG GGCGGTGGTG GGTCGGGTGG CGGCGGATCT TCCATGGAGC 60 T 61 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 61 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17: CCATGGAAGA TCCGCCGCCA CCCGACCCAC CACCGCCCGA GCCACCGCCA CCGGCGGAGC 60 T 61 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18: CAGAGTGAAA ATGAAGCT 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19: GAAGCTCTGC ATCCTGCT 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 62 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20: GGGTCCGATC CGGTGGCGGT GGCTCGGGCG GTGGTGGGTC GGGTGGCGGC GGATCTTCCA 60 TG 62 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 70 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21: GATCCATGGA AGATCCGCCG CCACCCGACC CACCACCGCC CGAGCCACCG CCACCGGATC 60 GGACCCTGCA 70 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22: CTATTACAAT TCCTCATG 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23: GAGGGCAAGG GTGGCCAA 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 67 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24: TTGCTGGAGC TCCGCCGGTG GCGGTGGCTC GGGCGGTGGT GGGTCGGGTG GCGGCGGATC 60 TATGTGG 67 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 67 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25: CACATAGATC CGCCGCCACC CGACCCACCA CCGCCCGAGC CACCGCCACC GGCGGAGCTC 60 CAGCAAA 67 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 82 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26: CTGGCCTGCA GGGTCCGATC CGGTGGCGGT GGCTCGGGCG GTGGTGGGTC GGGTGGCGGC 60 GGATCTAGGG TCATTCCAGT CT 82 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 82 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27: CTGGAATGAC CCTAGATCCG CCGCCACCCG ACCCACCACC GCCCGAGCCA CCGCCACCGG 60 ATCGGACCCT GCAGGCCAGA GA 82 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28: GCAAAGGCGG GAATGTCT 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29: AGGAATAATG TTTCAGTT 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:30: CAGCAGTGCA GGAATAAT 18 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31: CCCTGCAGGG TCCGATCCGG TGGCGGTGGC TCGGGCGGTG GTGGGTCGGG TGGCGGCGGA 60 TCTTCCATGG GTCAA 75 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 75 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32: CCCTGCAGGG TCCGATCCGG TGGCGGTGGC TCGGGCGGTG GTGGGTCGGG TGGCGGCGGA 60 TCTTCCATGG GTCAA 5 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:33: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 96 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:33: TGTGTTCCCT GCAGGGTCCG ATCCGGTGGC GGTGGCTCGG GCGGTGGTGG GTCGGGTGGC 60 GGCGGATCTA GGGTCATTCC AGTCTCTGGA CCTGCC 96 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:34: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: unknown (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:34: GTCATCTTCT TCAGGCGT lθ (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:35: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 33 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:35: TGCAGTGGTG GCGGTGGCGG CGGATCTAGA AAC 33 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:36: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:36: Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser 1 5

Claims: CLAIMS The invention claimed is: 1. DNA comprising DNA encoding IL-12 p35 subunit, DNA encoding a polypeptide linker and DNA encoding IL-12 p40 subunit, wherein the DNA encoding the polypeptide linker is positioned between the DNA encoding the IL- 12 p35 subunit and the DNA encoding the IL-12 p40 subunit and wherein expression of the DNA results in production of a bioactive IL-12 fusion protein comprising the IL-12 p35 subunit and the IL-12 p40 subunit joined by the encoded polypeptide linker. 2. DNA of Claim 1 wherein the IL-12 p35 subunit and the IL-12 p40 subunit are of human or mouse origin and the polypeptide linker is selected from the group consisting of: (Gly 4 Ser) 3 ; (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser; Gly £ Ser; and (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser. 3. DNA encoding a bioactive IL-12 protein, wherein the bioactive IL-12 protein comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker. 4. DNA of Claim 3 wherein the polypeptide linker is selected from the group consisting of: (Gly 4 Ser) 3 ; (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser; Gly 6 Ser; and (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser. 5. DNA encoding a bioactive protein, wherein the bioactive protein comprises two subunits present in a corresponding native dimeric protein and a polypeptide linker, wherein the two subunits are joined in the bioactive protein by a polypeptide linker. 6. DNA of Claim 5 wherein the polypeptide linker is selected from the group consisting of: (Gly 4 Ser) 3 ; (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser; Gly 6 Ser; and (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser. 7. A bioactive IL-12 fusion protein encoded by the DNA of Claim 1. 8. A bioactive IL-12 fusion protein encoded by the DNA of Claim 2. 9. A bioactive IL-12 protein encoded by the DNA of Claim 3. 10. A bioactive IL-12 protein which comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker. 11. A bioactive IL-12 protein of Claim 10 wherein the IL- 12 p35 subunit and the IL-12 p40 subunit are of human or mouse origin and the polypeptide linker is 7 to 16 amino acid residues. 12. A bioactive IL-12 protein of Claim 11 wherein the polypeptide linker is selected from the group consisting of: (Gly 4 Ser) 3 ; (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser; Gly 6 Ser; and (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser. 13. An expression vector comprising DNA of Claim 1. 14. An expression vector of Claim 13 which is a retrovirus vector. 15. An expression vector of Claim 14 which is an SFG vector. 16. An expression vector of Claim 15 selected from the group consisting of: a) pSFG. IL-12.p35.linker.p40; b) pSFG.IL-12.p40.linker.p35; c) pSFG.IL-12.p35.1inker.Δp40; d) pSFG.IL-12.p40.1inker.Δp35; and e) pSFG.hIL-12.p40.linker.Δp35. 17. A method of producing a bioactive IL-12 protein comprising the steps of: a) providing an expression vector comprising DNA encoding IL-12 p35 subunit, DNA encoding a polypeptide linker and DNA encoding 11-12 p40 subunit, wherein the DNA encoding the polypeptide linker is positioned between the DNA encoding the IL-12 p35 subunit and the DNA encoding the IL-12 p40 subunit; b) introducing the expression vector into an appropriate host cell; c) maintaining the host cell resulting from step b) under conditions appropriate for expression of the DNA present in the expression vector, resulting in production of a bioactive IL-12 protein in which the two subunits are joined by the polypeptide linker. 18. The method of Claim 17, wherein the IL-12 p35 subunit and the IL-12 p40 subunit are of human or mouse origin and the polypeptide linker is 7 to 16 amino acid residues. 19. The method of Claim 18, wherein the polypeptide linker is selected from the group consisting of: (Gly 4 Ser) 3 ; (Gly 4 Ser) 3 Ser; Gly 6 Ser; and (Gly 4 Ser) 2 Ser. 20. The method of Claim 17, wherein the expression vector is a retrovirus vector. 21. The method of Claim 20, wherein the expression vector is an SFG vector. 22. The method of Claim 21, wherein the SFG vector is selected from the group consisting of: a) pSFG. IL-12.p35. linker.p40; b) pSFG. IL-12.p40. linker.p35; c) pSFG.IL-12.p35.1inker.Δp40; d) pSFG. IL-12.p40. linker.Δp35; and e) pSFG.hIL-12.p40. linker.Δp35. 23. A method of treating a disorder characterized by an established tumor, comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of IL-12-secreting tumor cells to a subject having a disorder characterized by an established tumor. 24. A method according to Claim 23, wherein the treatment results in reduction of the size of the tumor, prolonged survival of the subject compared with an untreated subject or both. 25. A method according to Claim 23, wherein the IL-12- secreting tumor cells are selected from the group consisting of CMS-5 tumor cells and B16 tumor cells. 26. A method of treating a disorder characterized by an established tumor, comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of tumor cells secreting a bioactive IL-12 protein which comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker to a subject having a disorder characterized by an established tumor. 27. A method of reducing the size of an established tumor in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of IL-12-secreting tumor cells to a subject having an established tumor, thereby reducing the size of the established tumor. 28. A method according to Claim 27, wherein the size of the tumor is reduced by greater than 50%. 29. A method according to Claim 27, wherein the established tumor is a melanoma, a fibrosarcoma or a renal cell carcinoma. 30. A method according to Claim 27, wherein the IL-12- secreting tumor cells secrete a bioactive IL-12 protein which comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker. 31. A method according to Claim 27, wherein the IL-12- secreting tumor cells are of the same type as the established tumor. 32. A method of preventing the establishment of a tumor in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of tumor cells which secrete a bioactive IL-12 protein which comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker to a subject after the initiation of the tumor and before the establishment of the tumor. 33. Use of IL-12 fusion protein-secreting tumor cells for treating an established tumor. 34. The use of Claim 33, wherein the tumor size is reduced. 35. Use, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating an established tumor, of IL-12-secreting tumor cells. 36. The use of Claim 33, wherein the IL-12 fusion protein- secreting cells are CMS-5 cells, B16 cells or renal cell carcinoma cells. 37. The use of Claim 35, wherein the IL-12 fusion protein- secreting cells are CMS-5 cells, B16 cells or renal cell carcinoma cells. -38. The use of Claim 33, wherein the established tumor is a fibrosarcoma, a melanoma or a renal cell carcinoma. 33. The use of Claim 33, wherein the IL fusion protein- secreting tumor cells secrete a bioactive IL-12 protein which comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker. 40. A method of treating an established tumor in the subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective dose of bioactive IL-12 protein which comprises IL-12 p35 subunit and IL-12 p40 subunit joined by a polypeptide linker.

Inventors: LIESCHKE GRAHAM J, MULLIGAN RICHARD C, LIESCHKE, GRAHAM, J., MULLIGAN, RICHARD, C.
Applicants: LIESCHKE GRAHAM J, MULLIGAN RICHARD C, WHITEHEAD BIOMEDICAL INST, LIESCHKE, GRAHAM, J., MULLIGAN, RICHARD, C., WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Application year: 1996
Main classification: C12N15
IPC codes: A61K35, A61K38, A61K48, A61P35, A61P43, C07K14, C07K19, C12N5, C12N15, C12P21, C12R1