FIBROUS MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING

Abstract: A polysilicic acid containing fibrous material contains urea peroxide and bicarbonate and it is intended to be used in hair bleaching and particularly in making bleached stripes in hair. It is possible to cut patches of desired size off the fibrous material, which patches are moisturized with a solution containing urea peroxide and bicarbonate, and subsequently wrapped around the treated area of hair. As a result, properly bleached and intact hair is obtained. Ammonium bicarbonate is preferably used as the bicarbonate.

Description: Fibrous material and method for its manufacturing The invention relates to a fibre structure containing urea peroxide and a method for its manufacturing. The fibre structure of the invention is used especially in hair bleaching. It has long been known that the sunlight together with the air causes natural bleaching of hair. Bleaching is based on the oxidation of colour pigments in hair, which is effected by the oxygen in the air and causes the transformation of the colour pigments into achromatic substances. Bleaching of hair is thus based on the oxidation phenomenon. In artifi¬ cial hair bleaching, which is relatively much faster than the natural method, strongly oxidising substances are used, of which a conven- tionally used bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on hair is both physical and chemical. It causes that the scale like cells on the surface of a hair are detached from each other, whereby it can penetrate the hair, in which it oxidises the mela- mine functioning as a pigment. Hair can also be bleached with so-called rinsing solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and ammonium hydroxide or with bleaching sham¬ poos containing these agents. However, hydrogen peroxide does not preserve long as a solution, which means that fresh solutions should always be used. Penetrating the hair with hydrogen peroxide can be made more effective by using a moisturizer, for example quaternary ammonium compounds. It is also possible to use tablets which in addi¬ tion to hydrogen peroxide contain urea compounds. The tablets are dis¬ solved in water immediately before the use. Bleaching materials of emulsion or cream form can be used when it is desired to colour only a certain amount of hair. Cream bases of these products contain macromolecular alcohols, fatty alcohol sulphonates etc. Instead of hydrogen peroxide it is possible to use sodium, potas- sium or ammonium persulphate. Quaternary ammonium compounds as a part of the cream bases facilitate the treatment of hair. All bleaching materials used in hair treatment should be non-toxic, they should not have any harmful side effects and neither should they dam¬ age the hair. However, by using said methods of prior art the hair is excessively strained. When bleaching with conventional methods it can be difficult to locate the bleaching particularly when making bleached stripes and, furthermore, the bleaching usually takes a rather long time. In addition, the person who treats the hair is exposed to dusty bleaching materials. Also the odours formed in the work environment are quite strong when using conventional methods. In a number of applications it is known to use urea peroxide as the source of oxygen. It has the effect that it retards the growth of bacteria and fungi; it can be used to eliminate odour etc. Furthermore, it can be used for bleaching. The anti-bacterial and disinfective properties of urea peroxide are util¬ ized in the invention in accordance with Finnish patent application 941126. It presents a fibre structure containing urea peroxide and a method for its manufacture. The fibre structure according to said publi¬ cation comprises a polysilicic acid containing fibre, having the urea peroxide absorbed therein. The fibre structure comprises a supporting structure which is advantageously of cellulose, preferably regenerated viscose cellulose, and polysilicic acid containing aluminium silicate sites or mere polysilicic acid homogeneously distributed in the same phase with the viscose cellulose. To absorb urea peroxide in polysilicic acid containing fibre structure has e.g. the advantages, compared to ordinary, for instance viscose fibres, that the material lasts longer in the fibre patches, and better resistance to washing. The embodiments of the fibre structure presented in said patent application include for in¬ stance the use of the material in hospitals. Another possible field of application mentioned there is hair bleaching for instance when making stripes in hair. However, no examples describing embodiments of the latter field of application is presented here. The structure of the polysilicic acid containing fibre, or the so-called VISIL-fibre, and its manufacturing employed in the above mentioned application is presented in patent publication GB-1064271. The manufacturing and structure of the VISIL-fibre are also described in patent publication FI-91778. However, the invention presented in this publication primarily deals with a VISIL-fibre modified by using a com- pound containing aluminium, that is the so-called "VISIL-AP" -fibre. The present invention utilizes these fibre materials containing polysilicic acid. However, the invention is not limited to these fibre materials, instead any absorbent fibre material can be used, such as cellulose based fibre material, for instance viscose fibre. As it has been mentioned earlier, the conventional methods for hair bleaching have many disadvantages. In addition, it has been noted that hair bleaching by using the VISIL-fibre patches in accordance with said patent application FI-941126, in which patches only urea peroxide is impregnated as the active agent, is too slow and inefficient. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a product to be used in hair bleaching, which can be used to implement the bleaching quickly and easily and in a manner that the hair is not damaged. Further, the purpose of the invention is to provide a product to be used in hair bleaching, which product is pleasant to use as to work hygiene and health, and which product does not form waste harmful to the envi¬ ronment. Furthermore, it is the purpose of the invention to provide a product for hair bleaching which is of reasonably inexpensive material. Another purpose of the present invention is also to present a method for manufacturing the above mentioned product. Yet another object of the invention is to present a method for hair bleaching and a particular object of the invention is to present a method for making bleached stripes in hair. It has now been noticed that hair bleaching, and particularly making bleached stripes in hair, is easily and quickly to be implemented, how¬ ever in a manner that the treated hair is not strained, by using the bleaching fibrous material containing urea peroxide in accordance with the present invention. By using the bleaching material according to the invention, also the amount of the odours and dusts spreading in the work environment decreases to a significant degree. In accordance with the present invention, the polysilicic acid fibrous material containing urea peroxide is characterized in that a fibrous material of this type fur¬ ther contains as active agent a substance containing a bicarbonate anion, advantageously ammonium bicarbonate. Advantageous options for the fibrous material are presented in the claims 3 to 5. The claims 6 to 11 present the special characteristic features in the manufacturing of this material, and the claims 12 and 13 present the use of the fibrous material of the present invention in bleaching hair. The product according to the invention used for bleaching hair thus comprises the fibrous material in which the compounds producing the bleaching are absorbed. The bleaching of a desired area in hair is implemented by wrapping around the hair to be treated said patches cut of the fibrous material, and the bleaching material absorbed in the patches is let to influence the hair at a mild temperature for a suitable time, which is about 30 minutes. Thus, it has now been noticed that the bleaching can be efficiently and quickly implemented and well allocated to the area to be bleached, with hardly any straining to the hair in case the bleaching agent used in the bleaching fibre material is urea peroxide, in which has been added a substance containing a bicarbonate anion, such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHC0 3 ) or ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 C0 3 ). These are impreg¬ nated in the absorbent fibre which is capable of releasing the active agents in suitable using conditions, advantageously in the polysilicic acid containing fibre, that is the VISIL-fibre, which was described earlier in this specification. An effective bleaching is provided by using bicarbonate, because HC0 3 ~ and urea peroxide react with each other, wherein percarbonic acid is formed as the intermediate product, which produces the desired bleaching. Percarbonic acid is a non-permanent intermediate product and it is further decomposed to carbon dioxide and water. The flow of the reaction can be illustrated with the following reaction scheme, in which ammonium bicarbonate is used as an example: NH4HCO 3 + CO(NH 2 ) 2 .H 2 0 2 → H 2 C0 4 + CO(NH 2 ) 2 + NH 4 OH + H 2 0 → C0 2 + 2H 2 0 The percarbonic acid, which is formed as the intermediate product, is less harmful to health and work hygiene than peroxide. The NH 4 -ion which is present in the reaction in its turn facilitates the bleaching ma¬ terial to penetrate the hair. In dry state, the urea peroxide is a white crystalline substance, which dissolves in water and alcohols. The substance decomposes at a tem- perature of about 75 to 78 °C, when disposed to humidity even at about 40 °C. Urea peroxide is inexpensive. Furthermore, it decomposes in composting when the temperature exceeds 40 °C and it becomes a part of nutritious soil. The fibrous material used in hair bleaching is manufactured by absorb¬ ing the active agents in the fibre structure. The fibre structure is advan¬ tageously in a form of a planar textile structure, such as a non-woven cloth. The non-woven cloth can be formed of polysilicic acid containing fibre with a supporting structure possibly of cellulose, advantageously of regenerated viscose cellulose, in which the polysilicic acid is homo¬ geneously distributed in the same phase; i.e. it is so-called VISIL-fibre. Further, in the invention, it is possible to use other fibres in which polysilicic acid is bound, for instance polysilicic acid containing syn¬ thetic fibres, in which polyester forms the supporting structure. How- ever, the relatively inexpensive costs of the polysilicic acid containing viscose fibre make it the most advantageous alternative. In addition, it is also possible to use other absorbent fibres which can be synthetic, natural fibres or of regenerated cellulose. With regard to the purpose of use of the present invention it is most ad¬ vantageous to manufacture of the fibrous material patches of desired size, in which the active bleaching substances, that is the urea peroxide and bicarbonate, are then impregnated by immersing the patches into these solutions one after the other or by spraying the solution to the patches. After each immersion or spraying phase the patches are dried, in order to prevent the substances from reacting with each other too early. The urea peroxide used for impregnation can be manufactured before the impregnation by mixing urea peroxide solution and hydrogen peroxide solution with each other, or by dissolving urea peroxide crystals in the impregnation solution. Experiences indicate that a solu¬ tion obtained by the latter method is of a more uniform and stable qual¬ ity. Further, it is possible to bring the material into contact with the latter solution in wet state, after which drying is made quickly. Furthermore, it is possible to absorb the active agents at one time from the same solution, which has been kept in good conserving conditions (at a low temperature) or manufactured immediately before the absorption. It is also possible to absorb hydrogen peroxide to a fibre impregnated with urea, in conditions in which the urea peroxide can be formed in connection with the absorption. It is self-evident to an expert in the field that the active agents can be impregnated according to the corresponding principles in a larger quantity of fibrous material, and patches of a suitable sizes can be cut thereof. It is to be noted the changes taking place with time in the bleaching efficiency of the active agents of the material which is kept moist. This issue is further discussed later in this specification. In the bleaching urea peroxide containing fibre material of the invention, urea peroxide is impregnated from a solution of about 10 to 30 %, advantageously about 15 to 25 %, and ammonium bicarbonate from a solution of about 1 to 20 %, advantageously about 2 to 15 %. Corre¬ spondingly, it is noticed that using said concentrations, the remaining quantities of the dry weight of fibre in the VISIL-fibre is about 0,30 to 0,56 weight% urea peroxide, advantageously about 0,39 to 0,52 weight%, and about 0,041 to 0,46 weight% ammonium bicarbon¬ ate, advantageously about 0,080 to 0,39 weight%. Particularly good results in bleaching are obtained when the proportions in the solution impregnated in the fibre patches were about 20 % urea peroxide and about 10 % ammonium bicarbonate. The concentrations of the active agents in VISIL-fibre can be adjusted by modifying the concentrations of the urea peroxide solutions and the ammonium bicarbonate solu- tions, by modifying the relation of the fibrous material to the solution quantity and/or by adjusting the retention time of the fibrous material in the solution. The values mentioned above are suggestive for the values obtained when alkali metal bicarbonates are used. Instead of ammonium bicarbonate other bicarbonates can be used, for instance sodium bicarbonate. Further, additives known in bleaching agent mixtures can be used in the fibres. If particularly bleached stripes in hair are desired, the fibre patches are preferably for instance strips of the size 15 x 5 cm, which are easy to wrap on the treated area of hair. On the patches also aluminium foil or plastic foil can be wrapped in order to prevent the active agents and moisture from evaporating. The effect of the bleaching substances is improved for instance by using a heating lamp. A sufficient treating time is about 20 to 40 min. Finally, the bleached hair is washed and rinsed with excess water. The result by using the method in accordance with the invention is excellently bleached hair, the structure of which has remained intact and the condition of which corresponds untreated hair. It was studied the stability of the effectivity of the bleaching substances used in the bleaching fibre patches according to the invention and it was noticed that the solution formed of bleaching substances (urea peroxide and ammonium bicarbonate) preserved well in refrigerator temperature even for several weeks. Instead, the patches moisturized with this solution lost their bleaching efficiency already by the next day. According to the performed tests, it is also possible to "pre-fabricate" bleaching patches in a manner that the fibre patches are impregnated solely with urea peroxide and the patches are subsequently dried at a temperature under 40°C and the dried patches are kept at room tem¬ perature. These pre-fabricated patches are not moisturized until imme¬ diately before use with ammonium bicarbonate. The efficiency of these patches was equal with the efficiency of the patches manufactured right before use. In addition, it was generally noticed that the bleaching efficiency was improved by raising the pH-value, because the base opens hair scales and thus helps the active agent to operate better. The pH-value of the impregnation solution containing bicarbonate is adjusted with base to be over 8,5, advantageously between 8,8 and 9,2. In the following examples the present invention is described more closely. However, the examples are not to be considered to limit the in¬ vention but only to clarify the objects of the invention. Example 1. Reference Example A material containing 60 g/m 2 VISIL non-woven cloth was manufactured by absorbing urea peroxide solution in the material. Urea peroxide was manufactured by dissolving urea in water of room temperature and by adding hydrogen peroxide. The non-woven cloth was cut in pieces of about 15 x 5 cm and urea peroxide solution, containing 20 % urea per- oxide, was impregnated in them. The moisturized fibre was used immediately and it was wrapped on a hair sample and this was wrapped in plastic foil or aluminium foil and the sample was kept at an incubator with a temperature of 40°C for 20 to 40 min. After this treat¬ ment the hair was removed from the wrapping and it was rinsed in excess water. As a result, only slightly bleached hair samples were obtained. Example 2 A fibrous material in accordance with Example 1 was manufactured, with the difference that the solution contained 20 % urea peroxide and 2 % ammonium bicarbonate, and the hair was treated in a correspond¬ ing manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was obtained bleached hair that had better condition and looked better than the hair treated with conventional methods. Example 3 A fibrous material in accordance with Example 1 was manufactured by using a solution containing 20 % urea peroxide and 10 % ammonium bicarbonate, and the hair was treated in a corresponding manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was obtained hair that was very well bleached and had better condition and looked better than the hair treated with conventional methods. Example 4 A fibrous material in accordance with Example 1 was manufactured by using a solution containing 20 % urea peroxide and 10 % ammonium bicarbonate and living hair on the scalp was treated according to Ex¬ ample 1. The head of test subject was kept under a heating lamp about 30 min. The hair was washed after the treatment and excellent stripes were obtained as a result. The hairs in the stripes, that is the bleached hair, looked and felt equally good as the cut and bleached hair samples. Example 5 The composition of an impregnation solution containing known addi¬ tives: Urea peroxide 10 % NH 4 HC0 3 9 % NH 4 OH 1 ,5 % (pH adjustment) "TURPINAL 4NL" 1 % "TURPINAL 4NL" is a solution manufactured by Henkel KGaA and used as a stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide, in which solution the active agent is tetrasodium etidronate at a concentration of 29 to 31 % which forms a complex with the interfering metals. Example 6 When using sodium bicarbonate instead of ammonium bicarbonate it was obtained also a clear bleaching effect, which did not appear to be as strong as by using ammonium bicarbonate. Example 7 The stability of urea peroxide was tested by manufacturing fibre patches in three different methods: 1 ) It was manufactured fibre patches in which the tested liquid had been impregnated. The patches were kept at refrigera¬ tor temperature and they were used for bleaching in prede- fined intervals. 2) A method according to 1 ), except that the patches were kept at room temperature. 3) Fibre patches were manufactured by absorbing them with the tested liquid immediately before use. The tested liquid was also kept at refrigerator temperature and the manufac¬ tured patches were used for bleaching in a corresponding manner as with the ready-impregnated patches in 1). 4) It was manufactured fibre patches in which it was impreg¬ nated urea peroxide from a 30 % solution without ammo- nium bicarbonate and the patches were dried. The dry patches were kept at room temperature and only before the bleaching test they were impregnated with ammonium bi¬ carbonate from a 10 % solution. The patches which were kept moist lost their activity already by the next day, whereas the patches made of a solution kept in a bottle immedi¬ ately before use, as well as patches which had been kept dry for three weeks, hardly lost any of their activity. In other words, the ready-made patches containing both active agents should be used relatively fresh. On the other hand, the moisturizing solution preserves well, even for several weeks, at a sufficiently low temperature, as well as do properly dried, pre-fabricated urea peroxide fibre patches, which are activated immediately before use with ammo- nium bicarbonate solution. According to the results in preservation obtained for different fibrous materials and substance combinations it is also possible to define a best-before day for the actual product. Although the invention is described above primarily in respect of hair bleaching, it can also be used in objects, in which anti-bacterial and disinfective properties of fibres are required, and especially in such objects, in which rapid oxidation by percarbonic acid is desired.

Claims: Claims: 1. A fibrous material, particularly for use as a hair care prod¬ uct, which fibrous material contains urea peroxide, characterized in that it contains both urea peroxide and a substance containing a bicar¬ bonate anion, which are absorbed in the fibrous material. 2. A fibrous material as set forth in claim 1 , characterized in that the substance containing the bicarbonate anion is ammonium bi- carbonate. 3. A fibrous material as set forth in claims 1 or 2, character¬ ized in that it is of polysilicic acid containing material. 4. A fibrous material as set forth in claim 3, characterized in that the supporting structure of the fibre structure is of cellulose, par¬ ticularly of regenerated viscose cellulose, in which the polysilicic acid is homogeneously distributed in the same phase. 5. A fibrous material as set forth in claims 1 , 2, 3, or 4, char¬ acterized in that the fibrous material contains 0,04 to 0,5 weight% substance containing a bicarbonate anion and 0,3 to 0,6 weight% urea peroxide, the values being calculated on the basis of dry weight of the fibrous material. 6. A method for manufacturing a fibrous material containing urea peroxide, characterized in that the fibre is treated with urea peroxide solution and bicarbonate solution in order to absorb urea per¬ oxide and bicarbonate in the fibre. 7. A method as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the bicarbonate solution is an ammonium bicarbonate solution. 8. A method as set forth in claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the fibrous material is immersed immediately before use in solution containing both urea peroxide and bicarbonate, or the fibrous material is sprayed with said solution. 9. A method as set forth in claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the fibrous material is treated first with a urea peroxide solution and subsequently the fibrous material is dried and kept dry and immediately before use the material is treated with a bicarbonate solution. 10. A method as set forth in any of the preceding claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the concentrations of the substance contain¬ ing the urea peroxide and the substance containing the bicarbonate anion in the treating solution or treating solutions are 10 to 30 weight%, preferably 15 to 25 weight% and 1 to 20 weight%, preferably 2 to 15 weight%, respectively. 11. A method as set forth in any of the preceding claims 6 to 10, characterized in that strip-like patches of desired size are cut from the fibrous material, which patches are treated with a solution or solutions containing urea peroxide and bicarbonate. 12. The use of the fibrous material containing urea peroxide and bicarbonate as set forth in any of the preceding claims 1 to 5 in hair bleaching. 13 The use of the fibrous material containing urea peroxide and bicarbonate as set forth in any of the preceding claims 1 to 5 in making bleached stripes in hair.

Inventors: LAURILA MAIJA, VAPAAOKSA PIRJO, LAURILA, MAIJA, VAPAAOKSA, PIRJO
Applicants: CAREFIBRES OY, LAURILA MAIJA, VAPAAOKSA PIRJO, LAURILA, MAIJA, VAPAAOKSA, PIRJO
Application year: 1996
Main classification: D06M13
IPC codes: A61K8, A61Q5, D06M11, D06M13, D06M23