NOVEL USE OF PYRAZOLOPYRIDINE COMPOUNDS

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and/or the treatment of dialysis-induced hypotension and/or hypotension after dialysis which comprises, as an active ingredient, a pyrazolopyridine compound of the following formula : wherein R 1 is lower alkyl, etc, R 2 is a group of the formula : (wherein R 4 is protected amino, etc and R 5 is hydrogen, etc); etc, and R 3 is hydrogen, etc, or a salt thereof.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and/or the treatment of dialysis-induced hypotension and/or hypotension after dialysis which comprises, as an active ingredient, a pyrazolopyridine compound or a salt thereof, and so is useful in the pharmaceutical field. Here, hypotension after dialysis includes postural hypotension after dialysis. BACKGROUND ART Some pyrazolopyridine compounds are known to be useful as diuretic, antihypertensive agent, remedy for renal insufficiency, and the like (e.g. Japanese Laid-Open Nos. 64-45385 (corresponding to EP-A-0 299 209), 2-243689, 5-112566, etc.). DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION A pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and/or the treatment of dialysis-induced hypotension and/or hypotension after dialysis of the present invention is the one which comprises, as an active ingredient, a pyrazolopyridine compound or a salt thereof. The pyrazolopyridine compound to be used according to the present invention is shown by the following formula (I): [wherein R 1 is lower alkyl, aryl which may have one or more suitable substituent(s) or a heterocyclic group, R 2 is a group of the formula : (wherein R 4 is protected amino or hydroxy and R 5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl); cyano; a group of the formula : -A-R 6 (wherein R 6 is an acyl group, and A is lower aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have one or more suitable substitutent(s)); amidated carboxy; unsaturated heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s); amino or protected amino; and R 3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen] or a salt thereof. As for aforesaid pyrazolopyridine compound (I), the known compounds disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Nos. 64-45385, 2-243689, 4-253978 and 5-112566 are exemplified. Further, in addition to aforesaid pyrazolopyridine compound (I), the pyrazolopyridine compound disclosed in WO95/18128 (such as 3-[2-(4-carboxy-2-oxocyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazin-6-yl]-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, 3-[2-(2-carboxymethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazin-6-yl]-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, or the Like) can be also used, according to the present invention, as a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and/or the treatment of dialysis-induced hypotension and/or hypotension after dialysis. Suitable salts of the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) to be used in the present invention are conventional ones and include a metal salt such as an alkali metal salt (e.g. sodium salt, potassium salt, etc) and an alkaline earth metal salt (e.g. calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc), an ammonium salt, an organic base salt (e.g. trimethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, etc), an organic acid salt (e.g. acetate, trifluoroacetate, maleate, tartrate, fumarate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, formate, toluenesulfonate, etc), an inorganic acid salt (e.g. hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, phosphate, etc), and a salt with an amino acid (e.g. arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc). In the above and following descriptions of the present specification, suitable examples and illustrations of the various definitions which the present invention includes within the scope thereof are explained in detail as follows. The term "lower" is intended to mean 1 to 6 carbon atom(s) unless otherwise indicated. The term "higher" is intended to mean 7 to 20 carbon atoms unless otherwise indicated. Suitable "lower aliphatic hydrocarbon group" may include lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl as explained below. Suitable "lower alkyl" may include straight or branched ones such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, or hexyl, in which the preferred one may be (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and the more preferred one may be methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl. Suitable "lower alkenyl" may include straight or branched ones such as vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, 2-methylvinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 1,4-hexadienyl, or 5-hexenyl, in which the preferred one may be (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl and the more preferred one may be vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, 2-methylvinyl and 1,3-butadienyl. Suitable "lower alkynyl" may include straight or branched ones such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-methylethynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, or 1-hexynyl, in which the preferred one may be (C 2 -C 4 )alkynyl and the more preferred one may be ethynyl. Aforesaid "lower aliphatic hydrocarbon group" may have one or more (preferably one to three) suitable substituent(s) such as halogen (e.g. chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo). Suitable "protected amino" may include amino substituted with the conventional amino protective group such as lower alkylamino (e.g. methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, t-butylamino, pentylamino, hexylamino, etc.), di(lower)alkylamino (e.g. dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-ethylpropylamino, dibutylamino, N-(t-butyl)pentylamino, dihexylamino, etc), or acylamino explained below. Suitable "acylamino" may include ureido; lower alkanoylamino (e.g. formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, isobutyrylamino, pivaloylamino, hexanoylamino, etc), lower alkoxycarbonylamino (e.g. methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, t-butoxycarbonylamino, pentyloxycarbonylamino, hexyloxycarbonylamino, etc), lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)-alkanoylamino (e.g. methoxycarbonylacetylamino, ethoxycarbonylacetylamino, 2-(propoxycarbonyl)-propionylamino, 4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)butyrylamino, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)propionylamino, 2-methyl-2-(pentyloxycarbonylmethyl)propionylamino, 6-hexyloxycarbonylhexanoylamino, etc), and lower alkanesulfonylamino (e.g. methanesulfonylamino, ethanesulfonylamino, propanesulfonylamino, butanesulfonylamino, t-butanesulfonylamino, pentanesulfonylamino, hexanesulfonylamino, etc). Said "lower alkanoylamino" may have suitable substituent(s) such as di(lower)alkylamino (e.g. dimethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino, dipropylamino, di-t-butylamino, N-pentyl-N-hexylamino, etc) ; or cyclic amino group (e.g. piperidino, etc) which may have lower alkyl; and suitable examples of said "lower alkanoylamino having suitable substituent(s)" may include lower alkanoylamino having di(lower)alkylamino [e.g. dimethylaminocarbonylamino, 2-dimethylaminoacetylamino, 2-(N-methyl-N-ethylamino)acetylamino, 2-dimethylaminopropionylamino, 3-dipropylaminobutyrylamino, 2-(di-t-butylamino)-2-methylpropionylamino, 2-dimethylaminomethyl-2-methylpropionylamino, 6-(N-pentyl-N-hexylamino)hexanoylamino, etc]; lower alkanoylamino having cyclic amino group which may have lower alkyl [e.g. piperidinocarbonylamino, 2-piperidinoacetylamino, 2-(2-methylpiperidino)- acetylamino, 2-(2-ethylpiperidino)acetylamino, 2-piperidinopropionylamino, 3-(2-ethylpiperidino)-butyrylamino, 2-(4-ethylpiperidino-2-methylpropionylamino, 2-piperidinomethyl)-2-methylpropionylamino, 6-(3-propylpiperidino)hexanoylamino, etc]. In aforesaid "acylamino", the preferred one may be ureido, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl- (C 1 -C 4 )alkanoylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 4 )alkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkylpiperidino(C 1 -C 4 )alkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanesulfonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino and di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino, in which the more preferred one may be ureido, acetylamino, 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)acetylamino, 2-dimethylaminoacetylamino, 2-(2-ethylpiperidino)acetylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, methanesulfonylamino, methylamino and dimethylamino. Suitable "an acyl group" may include lower alkanoyl (e.g. formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, etc); carboxy and protected carboxy. Suitable examples of aforesaid "protected carboxy" may be esterified carboxy, in which suitable esterified carboxy may include lower alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, etc) which may have N-containing heterocyclic group; amidated carboxy, in which suitable amidated carboxy may include N-(lower)alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N-isopropylcarbamoyl, N-butylcarbamoyl, N-pentylcarbamoyl, N-hexylcarbamoyl, etc); N-(higher)alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. N-heptylcarbamoyl, N-(2-methylheptyl)carbamoyl, N-nonylcarbamoyl, N-decanylcarbamoyl, N-tricyclo[3.3.1.1 3,7 ]decanylcarbamoyl, N-undecanylcarbamoyl, N-(bicyclo[4.3.2]-undecanyl)carbamoyl, N-dodecanylcarbamoyl, N-tridecanylcarbamoyl, N-tetradecanylcarbamoyl, N-pentadecanylcarbamoyl, N-hexadecanylcarbamoyl, N-heptadecanylcarbamoyl, N-octadecanylcarbamoyl, N-nonadecanylcarbamoyl, N-icosanylcarbamoyl, etc); N,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl [e.g. N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dipropylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(t-butyl)carbamoyl, N-pentyl-N-hexylcarbamoyl, etc]; N-lower alkyl-N-ar(lower)alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. N-methyl-N-benzylcarbamoyl, etc); a group of the formula: -CO-R N (wherein R N is N-containing heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituents), in which said group R N may contain another hetero atom like N, O or S in its ring). Suitable "N-containing heterocyclic group" may include saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group such as unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 to 7-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, azepinyl (e.g. 1H-azepinyl, etc) pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl and its N-oxide, dihydropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl (e.g. 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc), tetrazolyl (e.g. 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc) etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 to 7 membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, perhydroazepinyl (e.g. perhydro-1H-azepinyl, etc) pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidino, piperazinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, etc; saturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g. 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc), etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, morpholinyl, sydnonyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g. 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc), dihydrothiazinyl, etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, thiazolidinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc; in which the preferred one may include saturated 3 to 8 membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), saturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), and saturated 3 to 8 membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s). "N-containing heterocyclic group" thus defined may have one or more suitable substituent(s) such as lower alkyl as mentioned above; hydroxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 1-methyl-1-hydroxymethylethyl, 4-hydroxypentyl, 3-hydroxyhexyl, etc.); (lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 3-propoxypropyl, 2-(t-butoxy)butyl, 5-pentyloxypentyl, 3-hexyloxyhexyl, etc); acyloxy(lower)alkyl such as lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. acetoxymethyl, 1-acetoxyethyl, 2-acetoxyethyl, 2-propionyloxyethyl, 3-propionyloxypropyl, 2-butyryloxybutyl, 4-pivaloyloxypentyl, 6-hexanoyloxyhexyl, etc) or the like; protected carboxy such as lower alkoxycarbonyl as mentioned above; carboxy; acyl(lower)alkyl such as lower alkanoyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. formylmethyl, 1-formylethyl, 2-acetylethyl, 2-formylpropyl, 3-propionylpropyl, 4-formylbutyl, 2-butyrylbutyl, 1-(formylmethyl)ethyl, 3-formylpentyl, 1-isobutyrylpentyl, 4-pivaloylpentyl, 2-formylhexyl, 6-hexanoylhexyl, etc), carboxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. carboxymethyl, 1-carboxyethyl, 2-carboxypropyl, 1-(carboxymethyl)ethyl, 4-carboxybutyl, 3-carboxypentyl, 2-carboxyhexyl, etc), protected carboxy(lower)alkyl, in which the preferred "protected carboxy(lower)alkyl" may be esterified carboxy(lower)alkyl, the most preferred one may be lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 1-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-propoxycarbonylpropyl, 1-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)ethyl, 4-t-butoxycarbonylbutyl, 3-pentyloxycarbonylpentyl, 2-hexyloxycarbonylhexyl, etc), amidated carboxy(lower)alkyl, in which the preferred "amidated carboxy(lower)alkyl" may include N-(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl, etc), or N,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethyl, etc.). In aforesaid "N-containing heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)", the more preferred one may include piperidino which may have 1 to 4 suitable substituent(s) selected from a group consisting of (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanoyloxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanoyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, carboxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, carbamoyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, N-(C 1 -C 4 )alkylcarbamoyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, and N,N-di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylcarbamoyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl (e.g. piperidino, 2-methylpiperidino, 2-ethylpiperidino, 3-ethylpiperidino, 4-ethylpiperidino, 2-propylpiperidino, 4-isopropylpiperidino, 2-butylpiperidino, 3-(t-butyl)piperidino, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino, 2,2-dimethyl-6,6-diethylpiperidino, 2-hydroxymethylpiperidino, 3-hydroxymethylpiperidino, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)piperidino, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino, 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino, 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)piperidino, 3-(2-hydroxybutyl)piperidino, 2-(l-methyl-1-hydroxymethylethyl)piperidino, 2-methoxymethylpiperidino, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)piperidino, 2-(1-ethoxyethyl)piperidino, 3-(3-propoxypropyl)- piperidino, 4-{2-(t-butoxy)butyl}piperidino, 2-acetoxymethylpiperidino, 3-(1-acetoxyethyl)piperidino, 2-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperidino, 3-(2-propionyloxyethyl)piperidino, 4- (3-propionyloxypropyl)piperidino, 2-(2-butyryloxybutyl)piperidino, 2-methoxycarbonylpiperidino, 2-ethoxycarbonylpiperidino, 2-propoxycarbonylpiperidino, 3-butoxycarbonylpiperidino, 4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)piperidino, 2-carboxypiperidino, 3-carboxypiperidino, 4-carboxypiperidino, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpiperidino, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-carboxypiperidino, 2-formylmethylpiperidino, 2-(1-formylethyl)piperidino, 3-(2-acetylethyl)piperidino, 4-(2-formylpropyl)piperidino, 2-(3-propionylpropyl)piperidino, 2-(4-formylbutyl)piperidino, 3-(2-butyrylbutyl)piperidino, 2-[1-(formylmethyl)ethyl]piperidino, 2-carboxymethylpiperidino, 2-(1-carboxyethyl)piperidino, 3-(2-carboxypropyl)piperidino, 4-[1-(carboxymethyl)ethyl]-piperidino, 2-(4-carboxybutyl)piperidino, 2-methoxycarbonylmethylpiperidino, 2-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)piperidino, 3-(1-ethoxycarbonylethyl)piperidino, 4-(2-propoxycarbonylpropyl)piperidino, 2-[1-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)ethyl]piperidino, 2-(4-t-butoxycarbonylbutyl)piperidino, etc); pyrrolidin-1-yl which may have (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl (e.g. pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-(1-ethoxyethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-(3-propoxypropylpyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-(2-(t-butoxy)butyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl, etc); perhydroazepin-1-yl (e.g. perhydro-lH-azepin-1-yl, etc); piperazin-1-yl which may have (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl (e.g. piperazin-1-yl, 2-methylpiperazin-1-yl, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl, 2-ethylpiperazin-1-yl, 3-propylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 2-butylpiperazin-1-yl, 3-(t-butyl)piperazin-1-yl, etc); morpholino; 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl; and 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl, and the most preferred one may include piperidino, 2-methylpiperidino, 2-ethylpiperidino, 3-ethylpiperidino, 4-ethylpiperidino, 2-propylpiperidino, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino, 2-hydroxymethylpiperidino, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino, 2-methoxymethylpiperidino, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)piperidino, 2-acetoxymethylpiperidino, 2-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperidino, 2-ethoxycarbonylpiperidino, 2-carboxypiperidino, 2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)piperidino, 2-carboxymethylpiperidino, 2-carbamoylmethylpiperidino, 2-(N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl)piperidino, 2-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethyl)piperidino, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, perhydro-lH-azepin-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl, morpholino, 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl, and 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-yl. Suitable "aryl" may include phenyl, naphthyl, and indenyl, anthryl and said "aryl" may have one or more suitable substituent(s) such as halogen (e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo), lower alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc), nitro, amino, or protected amino as mentioned before. The preferred examples of "aryl which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" may include phenyl which may have 1 to 3 suitable substituent(s) selected from a group consisting of halogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, nitro, amino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanesulfonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino and di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino, in which the more preferred one may be phenyl, phenyl having chloro, phenyl having methoxy, phenyl having nitro, phenyl having amino, phenyl having acetylamino, phenyl having methoxycarbonylamino, phenyl having methanesulfonylamino, phenyl having methylamino and phenyl having dimethylamino. Suitable "a heterocyclic group" may include the ones as exemplified for "N-containing heterocyclic group" as mentioned above, unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for example, furyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom and 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s), for example, dihydrooxathiinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s), for example, benzothienyl, benzodithiinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing an oxygen atom and 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s), for example, benzoxathiinyl, etc, in which the preferred one may be unsaturated 3 to 8 membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), the more preferred one may be pyridyl and the most preferred one may be 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl. Suitable "lower alkenyl having halogen" may include 1-fluorovinyl, 1-bromovinyl, 1-chloro-2-methylvinyl, 1-bromo-1-propenyl, 2-chloro-2-propenyl, 1-iodo-1-butenyl, 1-bromo-2-methyl-1-propenyl,, 3-bromo-1,3-butadienyl, 1-chloro-1-pentenyl, 4-chloro-4-pentenyl, 1-bromo-1-hexenyl. Suitable "lower alkoxy" may include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy. Suitable "halogen" may include fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. Suitable "a leaving group" may include di(lower)alkylamino (e.g. dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-ethylpropylamino, dibutylamino, N-pentylhexylamino, etc.), lower alkoxy as mentioned above, halogen as mentioned above, and lower alkylthio (e.g. methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, etc.). Suitable "unsaturated heterocyclic group" in "unsaturated.heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" may include unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group containing at least one hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable examples of said "unsaturated heterocyclic group" may include : unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 to 7-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, azepinyl (e.g. 1H-azepinyl, etc) pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl (e.g. 1,2-dihydropyridyl, 1,4-dihydropyridyl, etc), tetrahydropyridyl (e.g. 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl, etc) pyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl (e.g. 1,2-dihydropyrimidinyl, etc), pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, dihydropyridazinyl (e.g. 2,3-dihydropyridazinyl, 1,4-dihydropyridazinyl, etc), tetrahydropyridazinyl (e.g. 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazinyl, etc) triazolyl (e.g. 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc), tetrazolyl (e.g. 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc), etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, dihydroquinolyl (e.g. 2,3-dihydroquinolyl, etc) isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, dihydroisoxazolyl (e.g. 2,5-dihydroisoxazolyl, etc) oxadiazolyl (e.g. 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc), etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, thiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl (e.g. 2,3-dihydrothiazolyl, etc) isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g. 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc), dihydrothiazinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, (e.g. benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazolyl, etc), imidazothiadiazolyl (e.g. 5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazolyl, etc), etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s), for example, thienyl, dihydrothiinyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for example, furyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered (more preferably 5 or 6-membered) heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom and 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s), for example, dihydrooxathiinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s), for example, benzothienyl, benzodithiinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing an oxygen atom and 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) for example, benzoxathiinyl, etc, in which the preferred one may be unsaturated heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom as hetero atom, the more preferred one may be unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s) and unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), the much more preferred one may be pyridazinyl, dihydropyridazinyl, tetrahydropyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyridyl, pyrazolyl and imidazothiadiazolyl, and the most preferred one may be pyridazinyl, 2,3-dihydropyridazinyl, 1,4-dihydropyridazinyl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, 1,2-dihydropyrimidinyl, pyridyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, 1,4-dihydropyridyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl, pyrazolyl, and imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thia diazolyl. Aforesaid "unsaturated heterocyclic group" may have one or more (preferably 1 to 4) suitable substituent(s) such as lower alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc) which may have one or more (preferably 1 to 4) suitable substituent(s) as explained below; carboxy(lower)alkenyl (e.g. 1-carboxyvinyl, 2-carboxyvinyl, 1-carboxy-2-propenyl, 3-carboxy-2-propenyl, 3-carboxy-2-butenyl, 4-carboxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-carboxy-1-hexenyl, etc); amino; di(lower)alkylamino (e.g. dimethylamino, N-methylethylamino, dipropylamino, N-butyl-(2-methylbutyl)amino, N-pentylhexylamino, etc); halogen (e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, etc); lower alkoxy (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc); oxo; hydroxy; cyano or an acyl group as explained below. Suitable "an acyl group" may include lower alkanoyl (e.g. formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, etc), carboxy, and protected carboxy. Suitable examples of aforesaid "protected carboxy" may be esterified carboxy, in which suitable esterified carboxy may include lower alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, etc); amidated carboxy, in which suitable amidated carboxy may include carbamoyl, N,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl wherein two lower alkyl groups may bond to each other to form 3 to 6-membered ring (e.g. N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dipropylcarbamoyl, N-butyl-N-t-butylcarbamoyl, N,N-dipentylcarbamoyl, N-pentyl-N-hexylcarbamoyl, 1-aziridinylcarbonyl, 1-azetidinylcarbonyl, 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, etc). Suitable examples of "suitable substituent(s)" of aforesaid "lower alkyl which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" may include hydroxy, aforesaid halogen, aforesaid lower alkoxy, aforesaid an acyl group. Suitable examples of said "lower alkyl having one or more suitable substituent(s)" may include lower alkyl having hydroxy and halogen (e.g. 1-hydroxy-1-chloromethyl, 1-hydroxy-2-chloroethyl, 2-hydroxy-3-fluoropropyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-4-iodobutyl, 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-fluoropentyl, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-chlorohexyl, etc); hydroxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 1-hydroxymethyl-1-methylethyl, 3-hydroxypentyl, 2-hydroxyhexyl, etc); lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 1-propoxyethyl, 3-isopropoxypropyl, 2-butoxybutyl, 1-t-butoxymethyl-1-methylethyl, 5-pentyloxypentyl, hexyloxymethyl, 3-hexyloxyhexyl, etc); acyl(lower)alkyl, in which the preferred one may be carboxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 2-carboxypropyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 2-carboxy-1-methylethyl, 4-carboxybutyl, 1-carboxymethyl-1-methylethyl, 3-carboxypentyl, 2-carboxyhexyl, etc), and protected carboxy(lower)alkyl, in which the preferred one may be esterified carboxy(lower)alkyl and amidated carboxy(lower)alkyl, the more preferred one may be lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 1-propoxycarbonylethyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylpropyl, 2-butoxycarbonylbutyl,. 4-ethoxycarbonylbutyl, 1-t-butoxycarbonylmethyl-1-methylethyl, 5-pentyloxycarbonylpentyl, hexyloxycarbonylmethyl, 3-hexyloxycarbonylhexyl, etc), carbamoyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. carbamoylmethyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 3-carbamoylpropyl, 2-carbamoyl-1-methylethyl, 4-carbamoylbutyl, 1-carbamoylmethyl-1-methylethyl, 5-carbamoylpentyl, 3-carbamoylhexyl, etc), N,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl in which two lower alkyl groups on nitrogen atom may bond to each other to form 3 to 6-membered ring [e.g. N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)- ethyl, 2-(N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)ethyl, 3-(N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)propyl, 2-(N,N-dipropylcarbamoyl)-1-methylethyl, 4-(N,N-dipropylcarbamoyl)butyl, 1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)methyl-1-methylethyl, 5-(N-pentyl-N-hexylcarbamoyl)pentyl, 3-(N-pentyl-N-hexylcarbamoyl)hexyl, (1-aziridinylcarbonyl)methyl, 2-(1-azetidinylcarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(piperidinocarbonyl)ethyl, 3-(l-pyrrolidinylcarbonyi)propyl, 2-(piperidinocarbonyl)-1-methylethyl, 4-(1-azetidinylcarbonyl)butyl, 1-(1-aziridinylcarbonyl)methyl-1-methylethyl, 3-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)pentyl, 6-(piperidinocarbonyl)hexyl, etc]. The preferred substituent of "unsaturated heterocyclic group" may be lower alkyl, lower alkyl having hydroxy and halogen, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, N,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)al kyl wherein two lower alkyl groups on nitrogen atom may bond to each other to form 3 to 6-membered ring, carboxy(lower)alkenyl, di(lower)alkylamino, halogen, lower alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkanoyl, amino, cyano and hydroxy, in which the more preferred one may be (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl having hydroxy and halogen, hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, carboxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, carbamoyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylcarbamoyl-(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, piperidinocarbonyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, carboxy(C 2 -C4)alkenyl, di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino, halogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, oxo, carboxy, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkanoyl, amino, cyano and hydroxy, and the most preferred one may be methyl, propyl, 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 4-carboxybutyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylpropyl, 4-ethoxycarbonylbutyl, 2-carbamoylethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)ethyl, 2-(piperidinocarbonyl)-ethyl, 2-carboxyvinyl, dimethylamino, chloro, methoxy, oxo, carboxy, ethoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, acetyl, amino, cyano and hydroxy. Aforesaid "unsaturated heterocyclic group" in "unsaturated heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" may have one or more (preferably 1 to 4) substituent(s) explained below as its "one or more suitable substituent(s)" in addition to the ones mentioned above, that is, amino(lower)alkyl; lower alkylamino-(lower)alkyl; carboxy(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl; protected carboxy(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl; lower alkylamino(lower)alkyl having hydroxy and aryloxy, protected amino(lower)alkyl; cyano(lower)alkyl; cyano(higher)alkyl; lower alkyl having heterocyclic group in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s); higher alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s); ar(lower)alkyl; lower alkenyl; or heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s). Aforesaid substituents are explained in the following. Suitable "amino(lower)alkyl" may include aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, 3-aminobutyl, 2-amino-1,1-dimethylethyl, 5-aminopentyl, 1-aminohexyl, and the like, in which the preferred one may be amino(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and the more preferred one may be 2-aminoethyl. Suitable "lower alkylamino(lower)alkyl" may include mono- or di- (lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl" such as methylaminomethyl, 2-(ethylamino)ethyl, 3-(propylamino)propyl, 2-(propylamino)butyl, 2-(t-butylamino)-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-pentylaminopentyl, 6-hexylaminohexyl, dimethylaminomethyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 1-(N-methylethylamino)ethyl, 1-dimethylaminopropyl, 2-diethylaminopropyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-(N-propylbutylamino)butyl, 4-dimethylaminobutyl, 2-dibutylamino-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-dipentylaminopentyl, 6-(N-pentylhexylamino)hexyl, in which the preferred one may be di(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl, the more preferred one may be di(C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and the most preferred one may be 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl and 4-dimethylaminobutyl. Suitable "carboxy(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl" may include carboxymethylaminomethyl, 2-(carboxymethylamino)ethyl, 2-(1-carboxyethylamino)ethyl, 3-(2-carboxypropylamino)propyl, 2-(3-carboxypropylamino)-butyl, 2-(2-carboxy-1,1-dimethylethylamino)-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-(5-carboxypentylamino)pentyl, 6-(3-carboxyhexylamino)hexyl, and the like, in which the preferred one may be carboxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and the most preferred one may be 2-(carboxymethylamino)-ethyl. Suitable "protected carboxy" in "protected carboxy(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl" may be an esterified carboxy group, or the like, and concrete examples of the ester moiety in said esterified carboxy group may be the ones such as lower alkyl ester [e.g. methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, isopropyl ester, butyl ester, isobutyl ester, tert-butyl ester, pentyl ester, hexyl ester, 1-cyclopropylethyl ester, etc] which may have suitable substituent(s), for example, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkyl ester [e.g. acetoxymethyl ester, propionyloxymethyl ester, butyryloxymethyl ester, valeryloxymethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl ester, 1-acetoxyethyl ester, 1-propionyloxyethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl ester, 2-propionyloxyethyl ester, hexanoyloxymethyl ester, etc], lower alkanesulfonyl(lower)alkyl ester [e.g. 2-mesylethyl ester, etc] or mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkyl ester [e.g. 2-iodoethyl ester, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester, etc]; lower alkenyl ester [e.g. vinyl ester, allyl ester, etc]; lower alkynyl ester [e.g. ethynyl ester, propynyl ester, etc]; ar(lower)alkyl ester which may have suitable substituent(s) [e.g. benzyl ester, 4-methoxybenzyl ester, 4-nitrobenzyl ester, phenethyl ester, trityl ester, benzhydryl ester, bis(methoxyphenyl)methyl ester, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ester, 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl ester, etc]; aryl ester which may have suitable substituent(s) [e.g. phenyl ester, 4-chlorophenyl ester, tolyl ester, 4-tert-butyiphenyl ester, xylyl ester, mesityl ester, cumenyl ester, etc]. Suitable example of "protected carboxy(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl" may be esterified carboxy(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl, in which the preferred one may be lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl such as methoxycarbonylmethylaminomethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonylmethylamino)ethyl, 2-(1-ethoxycarbonylethylamino)ethyl, 3-(2-propoxycarbonylpropylamino)propyl, 2-(3-butoxycarbonylpropylamino)butyl, 2-(2-t-butoxycarbonyl-1,1-dimethylethylamino)-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-(5-pentyloxycarbonylpentylamino)pentyl, 6-(3-hexyloxycarbonylhexylamino)hexyl, or the like; the more preferred one may be (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl- (C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, and the most preferred one may be 2-(ethoxycarbonylmethylamino)ethyl. Suitable "lower alkylamino(lower)alkyl having hydroxy and aryloxy" may be aforesaid "lower alkylamino(lower)alkyl" having "hydroxy" and "aryloxy" (e.g. phenoxy, tolyloxy, naphthyloxy, etc) and suitable examples thereof may include 1-(1-naphthyloxy)-1-hydroxymethylaminomethyl, 2-(1-hydroxy-2-phenoxyethylamino)ethyl, 2-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propylamino]ethyl, 2-[4-hydroxy-3-(p-tolyloxy)butylamino]propyl, 2-[4-hydroxy-1-(2-naphthyloxy)butylamino]-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-[1-hydroxy-5-(1-naphthyloxy)pentylamino]-pentyl, 6-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-naphthyloxy)hexylamino]hexyl, in which the preferred one may be (C 1 -C 4 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl having hydroxy and naphthyloxy and the more preferred one may be 2-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-propylamino]ethyl. Suitable "protected amino(lower)alkyl" may be acylamino(lower)alkyl. Suitable example of the acylamino may be lower alkanoylamino [e.g. formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, hexanoylamino, pivaloylamino, etc], mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkanoylamino [e.g. chloroacetylamino, trifluoroacetylamino, etc], lower alkoxycarbonylamino [e.g. methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, tert-butoxycarbonylamino, tert-pentyloxycarbonylamino, hexyloxycarbonylamino, etc], mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkoxycarbonylamino [e.g. chloromethoxycarbonylamino, dichloroethoxycarbonylamino, trichloroethoxycarbonylamino, etc], aroylamino [e.g. benzoylamino, toluoylamino, xyloylamino, naphthoylamino, etc], ar(lower)alkanoylamino such as phenyl(lower)alkanoylamino [e.g. phenylacetylamino, phenylpropionylamino, etc], aryloxycarbonylamino [e.g. phenoxycarbonylamino, naphthyloxycarbonylamino, etc], aryloxy(lower)alkanoylamino such as phenoxy(lower)alkanoylamino [e.g. phenoxyacetylamino, phenoxypropionylamino, etc], arylglyoxyloylamino [e.g. phenylglyoxyloylamino, naphthylglyoxyloylamino, etc], ar(lower)alkoxycarbonylamino which may have suitable substituent(s) such as phenyl(lower)alkoxycarbonylamino which may have nitro or lower alkoxy [e.g. benzyloxycarbonylamino, phenethyloxycarbonylamino, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonylamino, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonylamino, etc], thienylacetylamino, imidazolylacetylamino, furylacetylamino, tetrazolylacetylamino, thiazolylacetylamino, thiadiazolylacetylamino, thienylpropionylamino, thiadiazolylpropionylamino, lower alkylsulfonylamino [e.g. methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, propylsulfonylamino, isopropylsulfonylamino, pentylsulfonylamino, butylsulfonylamino, etc], arylsulfonylamino [e.g. phenylsulfonylamino, tolylsulfonylamino, xylylsulfonylamino, naphthylsulfonylamino, etc], ar(lower)alkylsulfonylamino such as phenyl(lower)alkylsulfonylamino [e.g. benzylsulfonylamino, phenethylsulfonylamino, benzhydrylsulfonylamino, etc], imido [e.g. 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboximido, succinimido, phthalimido, etc]. Preferred example of said "protected amino(lower)alkyl" may be imido(lower)alkyl such as phthalimidomethyl, 2-phthalimidoethyl, 1-(1,2-cyclohexane-dicarboximido)ethyl, 2-succinimidopropyl, 3-phthalimidobutyl, 2-(1,2-cyclohexanedicarboximido)-1,1-dimethylethyl, 5-phthalimidopentyl, 1-phthalimidohexyl, the more preferred one may be imido(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and the most preferred one may be 2-phthalimidoethyl. Suitable "cyano(lower)alkyl" may include cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 2-cyanobutyl, 4-cyanobutyl, 2-cyano-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-cyanopentyl, 5-cyanopentyl, 6-cyanohexyl, in which the preferred one may be cyano(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl and the most preferred one may be cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 4-cyanobutyl, 5-cyanopentyl and 6-cyanohexyl. Suitable "cyano(higher)alkyl" may include 7-cyanoheptyl, 8-cyanooctyl, 4-cyanooctyl, 8-cyano-3-methylheptyl, 9-cyanononyl, 1-cyanononyl, 10-cyanodecyl, 8-cyanoundecyl, 12-cyanododecyl, 11-cyano-4-methylundecyl, 13-cyanotridecyl, 6-cyanotetradecyl, 15-cyanopentadecyl, 12-cyanohexadecyl, 17-cyanoheptadecyl, 4-cyanooctadecyl, 19-cyanononadecyl, 1-cyano-12-ethylheptadecyl, 20-cyanoicosyl, and the like, in which the preferred one may be cyano(C 7 -C 16 )alkyl and the more preferred one may be 7-cyanoheptyl, 8-cyanooctyl, 9-cyanononyl, 10-cyanodecyl and 12-cyanododecyl. Suitable "lower alkyl" may be a straight or branched one such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. Suitable "lower alkenyl" may be a straight or branched one such as vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 4-pentenyl, or 3-hexenyl, in which the preferred one may be (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyl and the more preferred one may be vinyl. Suitable "lower alkyl" in "lower alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" can be referred to the ones as exemplified before, and the preferred one may be (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl and the most preferred one may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl. Suitable "higher alkyl" in "higher alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" may include heptyl, octyl, 3-methylheptyl, nonyl, 2,6-dimethylheptyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, 4-methyldodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, 12-ethylheptadecyl, and icosyl, in which the preferred one may be (C 7 -C 16 )alkyl, and the more preferred one may be heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and dodecyl. Suitable "heterocyclic group" in "lower alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" and "higher alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" means saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group containing at least one hetero-atom such as an oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atom. And, especially preferable heterocyclic group may be heterocyclic group such as unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, and its N-oxide, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl (e.g., 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc), tetrazolyl (e.g., 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc), dihydrotriazinyl (e.g., 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazinyl, etc), etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s), for example, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidyl (e.g. piperidino, etc), piperazinyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atom(s), for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl (e.g., tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazinyl, etc), dihydrotriazolopyridazinyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, (e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc), etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl (e.g. 1,3-oxazolidinyl, etc), etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, 1,3-thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl), etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, thiazolidinyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, for example, thienyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s), for example, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc; unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s), for example, furyl, pyranyl, dioxolyl, etc; saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s), for example, oxolanyl, tetrahydropyranyl (e.g. tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl, etc), dioxolanyl, etc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s), for example, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl (e.g. 2H-chromen-3-yl, etc), and dihydrochromenyl (e.g. 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl, etc), etc. Preferred example of aforesaid "heterocyclic group" may be unsaturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s); saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atom(s); saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s) and 1 to 3 nitrogen atom(s); and saturated 3 to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s); in which the preferred one may be pyridyl, tetrazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl and tetrahydropyranyl; and the more preferred one may be 4-pyridyl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, piperidino, 1-piperazinyl, morpholino, 1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl and tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl. "heterocyclic group" thus explained may have one or more (preferably 1 to 3) suitable substituent(s) such as hydroxy(lower)alkyl (e.g. hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl, 3-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, etc), aryl which may have lower alkoxy (e.g. phenyl, naphthyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxynaphthyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 4-propoxyphenyl, 2-butoxyphenyl, 5-propoxynaphthyl, 3-t-butoxyphenyl, 4-pentyloxyphenyl, 2-hexyloxyphenyl, etc), oxo, or the like, in which preferred "suitable substituent(s)" may be hydroxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, phenyl having (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy and oxo, and the more preferred one may be 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyphenyl and oxo. Suitable "heterocyclic group" in "heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" can be referred to the ones exemplified for "heterocyclic group" of "lower alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" and "higher alkyl having heterocyclic group, in which heterocyclic group may have one or more suitable substituent(s)", and the preferred one may be unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atom(s), the more preferred one may be dihydrochromenyl, and the most preferred one may be 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl. This "heterocyclic group" may have one or more (preferably 1 to 4) suitable substituent(s) such as aforesaid lower alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or the like, in which the preferred one may be (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, hydroxy and cyano, and the most preferred one may be methyl, hydroxy and cyano. Suitable "ar(lower)alkyl" may include mono- or di- or tri- phenyl(lower)alkyl (e.g. benzyl, phenethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 2-phenyl-1,1-dimethylethyl, 1-phenylpentyl, 6-phenylhexyl, benzhydryl, trityl, etc) and the like, in which the preferred one may be phenyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl and the most preferred one may be benzyl. Suitable "N-containing heterocyclic group" in "N-containing heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)" may be heterocyclic group having at least one nitrogen atom as its ring member among the aforesaid "heterocyclic group", and said "N-containing heterocyclic group" may have one or more (preferably 1 to 3) suitable substituent(s) such as aforesaid hydroxy(lower)alkyl, aforesaid aryl which may have lower alkoxy, or oxo. Suitable "tetrazolyl(lower)alkyl" may be 1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl, 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl, 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)propyl, 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl, 2-(2H-tetrazol-2-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)pentyl, 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl, 6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)hexyl, or the like, in which the preferred one may be tetrazolyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl and the more preferred one may be (1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl, 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl, 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)propyl, 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl, 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pentyl and 6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)hexyl. Suitable "tetrazolyl(higher)alkyl" may be 7-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)heptyl, 8-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)octyl, 4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)octyl, 8-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) -3-methylheptyl, 9-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)nonyl, 1-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)nonyl, 10-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)decyl, 8-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)undecyl, 12-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dodecyl, 11-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-methylundecyl, 13-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)tridecyl, 6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)tetradecyl, 15-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pentadecyl, 12-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)hexadecyl, 17-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)heptadecyl, 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)- octadecyl, 19-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)nonadecyl, 1-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-12-ethylheptadecyl, 20-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)icosyl, or the like, in which the preferred one may be tetrazolyl(C 7 -C 16 )alkyl and the more preferred one may be 7-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)heptyl, 8-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)octyl, 9-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)nonyl, 10-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)decyl and 12-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dodecyl. In the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) thus explained, the especially preferred compound for working the present invention may include the following ones. (1) (2R)-1-[3-(2-Phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-acryloyl]-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (trans isomer) (2) 3-[2-(3-Carboxypropyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazin-6-yl]-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (3) (2R)-1-[3-(2-Phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl) - acryloyl]-2-(carboxymethyl)piperidine (trans isomer) The pharmaceutical composition to be used according to the present invention can be used in the form of the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) alone, as an active ingredient, or in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation, for example, in solid, semisolid or liquid form, which contains the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) or a salt thereof, as an active ingredient in admixture with an organic or inorganic carrier or excipient suitable for rectal, pulmonary (nasal or buccal inhalation), ocular, or oral or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular) administrations. The active ingredient may be compounded, for example, with the usual non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for tablets, pellets, troches, capsules, suppositories, aerosols, powders for insufflation, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, and any other form suitable for use. And, if necessary, in addition, auxiliary, stabilizing, thickening and coloring agents and perfumes may be used. The pyrazolopyridine compound (I) or a salt thereof is/are included in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount sufficient to produce the desired preventive and/or treating effect upon the process or condition of the diseases. The pharmaceutical composition to be used according to the present invention can be manufactured by the conventional method in this field of the art. If necessary, the technique generally used in this field of the art for improving the bioavailability of a drug can be applied to the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. For applying the composition, it is preferable to apply it by intravenous (including i.v. infusion), intramuscular, or oral administration. While the dosage of therapeutically effective amount of the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) varies from and also depends upon the age and condition of each individual patient to be treated, in the case of intravenous administration, a daily dose of 0.01-100 mg of the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) per kg weight, in the case of intramuscular administration, a daily dose of 0.01-100 mg of the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) per kg weight, in case of oral administration, a daily dose of 0.01-200 mg of the pyrazolopyridine compound (I) per kg weight is generally given.

Claims: Use of a pyrazolopyridine compound of the following formula wherein R 1 is (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, aryl which may have one or more suitable substituent(s) or a heterocyclic group, R 2 is a group of the formula (wherein R 4 is protected amino or hydroxy and R 5 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl); cyano; a group of the formula -A-R 6 (wherein R 6 is an acyl group, and A is (C 1 -C 6 ) aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s)) amidated carboxy; unsaturated heterocyclic group which may have one or more suitable substituent(s); amino or protected amino; and R 3 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkoxy or halogen or a salt thereof for the manufacture of medicament for the prevention and/or the treatment of dialysis-induced hypotension and/or hypotension after dialysis. The use of claim 1, wherein the pyrazolopyridine compound is the compound of the formula: (wherein R 1 is aryl, R 7 is acyl (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, and A is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, 2-methylvinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 1,4-hexadienyl and 5-hexenyl). The use of claim 2, wherein in the pyrazolopyridine compound R 1 is phenyl, and R 7 is carboxy (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl. The use of claim 3, wherein the pyrazolopyridine compound is 1-[3-(2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-yl)acryloyl]-2-(carboxymethyl)piperidine.

Inventors: ESUMI KIMIO, HORIAI HARUO, KAJIHO TOKUAKI, MIZUO HIROYUKI, MOTOYAMA YUKIO, ESUMI, KIMIO, HORIAI, HARUO, KAJIHO, TOKUAKI, MIZUO, HIROYUKI, MOTOYAMA, YUKIO
Applicants: FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO, FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1996
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P9, C07D471