Elevator machinery and its installation

Abstract: An elevator machinery (1) with a disc type motor is mounted on one of the guide rails (6) of the elevator car or counterweight. The guide rail (6) constitutes a part adding to the mechanical strength of the elevator machinery. The vertical forces applied to the traction sheave (4) by the elevator ropes are passed to the guide rail (6) via the rolling center of a bearing. The elevator machinery is provided with a damping system to absorb vibrations and oscillations. The elevator machinery (1) of the invention is light in weight, needs only a small space when mounted and is inexpensive to manufacture.

Description: The present invention relates to an elevator machinery as defined in the preamble of claim 1. Depending on the placement of an elevator machinery, its physical dimensions have an influence on the size of the elevator shaft and/or building. When the elevator machinery is placed in the elevator shaft, beside the shaft or in a machine room, the properties and dimensions of the machinery have a significance in respect of the space required. A conventional elevator machinery has a motor, a gear system and a traction sheave as separate parts. A conventional elevator machinery is well suited for installation in a machine room, because there is a sufficient space reserved for it in the machine room. Solutions are also known in which such a machinery is placed in the counterweight or beside the shaft. An elevator machinery can also have a gearless construction, based e.g. on a disc-type motor as presented e.g. in Fig. 8 of patent specification US 5,018,603. The motors presented in the specification are clearly more compact and also flatter in the axial direction of the motor shaft than conventional geared elevator machineries. However, the machineries described in the specification are clearly designed for installation in an elevator machine room. When a geared or gearless elevator machinery of known construction is placed in the elevator shaft, their space requirement becomes obvious as they always need an extra space. The object of the present invention is to achieve a new solution for the placement of an elevator machinery based on a discoid and/or flat motor having a stator, a rotor and a motor shaft in which the space required by the machinery when installed in the elevator shaft is as small as possible. US-2,088,690 discloses a home elevator having no separated elevator shaft where the elevator machinery is mounted on the top of one guide rail. This elevator construction is only intended for small home use with utmost two or three floors, otherwise the elevator construction is too weak. Further in this known device the user has no liberty of choosing the attachment point of the drive unit. The elevator machinery of the invention is characterized by what is presented in the characterization part of claim 1, and other embodiments of the invention are characterized by the features presented in the other claims. The invention provides the advantage that the elevator machinery can be installed in the elevator shaft without substantially requiring any extra space in the shaft. The elevator machinery is mounted on an elevator or counterweight guide rail which is needed in the shaft anyway, and the forces caused by the elevator ropes are transmitted directly to the guide rail. Since the guide rail is designed to receive the large vertical forces generated by the action of the safety gears of the elevator, the guide rails need not be dimensioned separately to permit the installation of the machinery. An embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the elevator guide rail is used as a structural part of the elevator machinery to increase its strength. In this case, the elevator machinery itself can have a lighter construction and is therefore cheaper to manufacture. In another embodiment, the vertical forces generated by the elevator ropes are passed via the rolling center of one of the bearings of the machinery to the guide rail. This provides the advantage that no reinforcement is required in that part of the guide rail to which the elevator machinery is attached to increase the rigidity of the rail, because the machinery permits some bending of the guide rail. In yet another embodiment, the machinery is provided with means for damping vibrations, placed between the elevator machinery and the guide rail. The damping system in this embodiment ensures that bearing noise and the noise and vibrations generated by the elevator ropes in the rope grooves cannot be transmitted to the guide rail and further to the building. The invention is described by the aid of an embodiment, in which Fig. 1 presents an elevator machinery as defined by the invention, seen from the direction of the motor shaft, Fig. 2 presents a cross-section of the elevator machinery, Fig. 3 presents another cross-section fo the elevator machinery, Fig. 4 presents a diagram of a lay-out of the elevator machinery in the elevator shaft, Fig. 5 presents a diagram of another lay-out of the elevator machinery, Fig. 6 illustrates the vibration damping system of the elevator machinery, and Fig. 7 presents the vibration damping elements in a cross-section of the elevator machinery. Fig. 1 shows a gearless elevator machinery 1 as provided by the invention, mounted on a guide rail 6. The guide rail may be an elevator guide rail or a counterweight guide rail and the point of attachment of the elevator machinery to the guide rail may be e.g. in the upper or lower part of the shaft. The elevator machinery 1 comprises a disc-type elevator motor 2, a brake 3 and a traction sheave 4. The elevator ropes 5 are passed around the traction sheave 4. The elevator machinery is fixed by the edge of the stator 8 to the elevator guide rail 6 by means of clawlike clamps 46 on opposite sides of the machinery. Moreover, the elevator machinery is fixed by its central part to the guide rail by means of fixing elements 35 and a supporting element 34. The vertical forces of the elevator machinery are passed to the supporting element 34 and further via shear bolts 31 to the guide rail 6. The clawlike clamps keep the machinery in place on the guide rail and prevent it from turning. The fixing element 35 supports the elevator machinery by means of the shear bolts and, together with the clamps 34, prevents the machinery from turning and moving sideways in relation to the guide rail. Furthermore, there is a protecting device 33 attached to the guide rail 6 by means of fixing elements 32 to prevent the elevator ropes 5 from coming off the rope groove 19 of the traction sheave 4. Fig. 2 presents the elevator machinery 1 of Fig. 1 as sectioned along line A-A. The elevator machinery 1 comprises an elevator motor 2, a traction sheave 4 driving the elevator ropes 5 and a brake 3. The elevator motor consists of a stator 9, a motor shaft 7 and a rotor 8 and a bearing 10 between the rotor 8 and stator 9. The stator 9 consists of a stator disc 11 formed by an annular stator core packet 12 with a stator winding 13. The stator core packet together with its winding is attached by means of fixing elements 53 to the stator disc 11. The fixing elements are preferably screws. The rotor 8 consists of a rotor disc 14 provided with rotor excitation elements 15 placed opposite to the stator core packet 12. The rotor excitation elements 15 are formed by attaching a number of permanent magnets to the rotor disc 8 in succession so as to form a ringlike circle. The magnetic flux of the rotor flows inside the rotor disc. The portion of the rotor disc lying under the permanent magnets forms part of the magnetic circuit and also contributes to the material strength of the rotor. The permanent magnets may be different in shape and they can be divided into smaller magnets placed side by side or in succession. Between the permanent magnets 23 and the stator core packet 12 there is an air gap in which forms a plane 16 essentially perpendicular to the shaft 7. The air gap ag may also have a slightly conical shape (not shown in the figure). In this case, the mid-line of the cone coincides with the mid-line 71 of the shaft 7. The traction sheave 4 and the stator 9 are placed on different sides of the rotor disc 14 in the direction of the shaft 7 of the elevator motor 2. The elevator motor 2 may be e.g. a synchronous motor or a commutating d.c. motor. The traction sheave 4 forms an integrated structure with the rotor disc 14, and the shaft 7 is integrated with the stator disc 11, but both could just as well be implemented as separate parts. However, an integrated structure is preferable with regard to manufacturing technology. The elevator machinery is mounted on the guide rail 6 by means of a supporting element 34 fixed to the rail with screws 35. The screws carry the axial (vertical) loads of the elevator machinery. Between the supporting element and the guide rail there are also shear bolts 36 (2 pcs) which receive the vertical loads. The shaft 7 is hollow and the end of the supporting element is inside the hollow shaft. The supporting element is provided with a relatively narrow annular boss 37 of about 10 mm, placed in alignment with the focus of the rope load of the elevator and at the same time with one of the bearings 10. Thus, between supporting elements 38, the elevator machinery is attached to the guide rail by means of clamps 46 holding the machinery horizontally by the stator and by means of supporting element 34 and shear bolts 36 supporting it vertically by its central part, allowing some bending of the guide rail in the region of the narrow boss 37. This arrangement provides the advantage that the guide rail need not be so fixed that it is completely rigid in the region of the machinery, but it suffices for the retainment of the guide rail to fix it to the elevator shaft by means of supporting elements 38 placed on opposite sides of the machinery (Fig.1) and the guide rail still functions as a structural part reinforcing the elevator machinery. Therefore, the stator of the machinery can be of a light construction, providing an economic advantage. The stator disc 11 is provided with a cuplike or ring-shaped troughlike cavity 20 formed by a first wall 21 and a second wall 22 joined together, leaving the cavity open on one side. The first wall 21 is attached to the shaft 7. The stator core packet 12 with the stator winding 13 is attached to the first wall by means of fixing elements 53. The second wall 22 is directed towards the rotor disc 14. The elevator machinery of the invention can also be implemented as an embodiment having a stator disc 11 provided with a cuplike or ring-shaped annular cavity 20 open on one side and formed by a first wall 21 and a second wall 22 joined together, both walls being directed towards the rotor disc 14. The first wall 21 is attached to the shaft 7 by means of bracing ribs and the stator core packet 12 with the stator winding 13 is attached either to the first or the second wall. This second embodiment is suited for elevator motors having a very large diameter. The structure is not shown in the figures because the above description is sufficient for a person skilled in the art. Mounted between the rotor disc 8 and the second wall 22 directed towards the rotor disc 8 is a sealing 24, which may be a felt gasket, a lap seal or some other type of sealing, e.g. a labyrinth seal. The labyrinth seal may be implemented e.g. by providing the rotor disc 14 with a ridge in the sealing zone 24 and the stator disc with collet-shaped ridges placed in a corresponding location on either side of the first ridge. The sealing prevents detrimental particles from getting into the cavity 20. The rotor disc is provided with a brake disc 80 for a disc brake, forming an extension of the outer circle of the rotor disc. The brake 3 may also be a shoe brake, in which case the braking surface is the outermost part 39 of the annular brake disc. Thus, the brake disc is substantially an immediate extension of the rotor disc, yet with a narrow annular area for a sealing betweeen the rotor bars and the brake disc. Moreover, the elevator machinery is provided with an outermost wall 40 which extends over the brake disc and forms a baffle plate shielding the brake plate e.g. from being touched. Placed between the elevator machinery 1 and the guide rail 6 is a damping means for damping vibrations. The figures do not show the damping means, but it is implemented by placing an element made of a damping material such as rubber between the clamps 46 and the guide rail 6. A corresponding vibration damping element, preferably a tubular one, is also provided between the supporting element 34 and the shaft 7 of the elevator machinery. Fig. 3 presents section B-B of Fig. 1. The machinery has two brakes 3 float-mounted by means of fixtures 42 and 43 between mounting brackets 47 forming an extension of the stator disc 11 and a bar 41 attached to the stator disc. The braking surfaces 44 of the brake are placed on either side of the brake disc. The figure also shows the projectures 45 placed on opposite sides of the stator disc in the direction of the guide rail and directed towards the guide rail, by which the elevator machinery is fastened to the guide rail by means of fixing elements 46. Figures 4 and 5 present diagrams giving two examples of the placement of the elevator machinery 1 of the invention on a guide rail 6 in an elevator shaft 51. In Fig. 4, the elevator machinery is fixed to the top end of the guide rail 6 in the manner illustrated by Fig. 1. The guide rail 6 may be either an elevator guide rail or a counterweight guide rail. One end of the elevator rope 5 is attached to the top 52 of the elevator shaft 51 at point 53, from where the elevator rope is passed via diverting pulleys 56 below the elevator car 54 and up to the traction sheave 4 of the elevator machinery 1, from where it is further passed down to the diverting pulley of the counterweight 55 and then back up to point 58 at the top of the shaft, to which the other end of the elevator rope is fixed. Fig. 5 illustrates another solution, in which the elevator machinery 1 is fixed to the lower end of the guide rail 6 in the elevator shaft 51. One end of the elevator rope 5 is attached to the top 52 of the elevator shaft 51 at point 53, from where the rope is passed down via diverting pulleys 56 below the elevator car 54 and then over a diverting pulley 59 in the top part of the shaft 51 and back down to the traction sheave 4 of the elevator machinery 1 fixed to the lower end of the guide rail. From here, the rope is passed back up to another diverting pulley 60, then downwards to the diverting pulley 57 of the counterweight 55 and back up to point 58 at the top of the elevator shaft, to which the other end of the elevator rope is fixed. Figures 6 and 7 present an application of the vibration damping system in an elevator machinery 1 as defined by the invention, the machinery being mounted on the rail 6 by means of an auxiliary frame 64. The auxiliary frame 64 consists of a base plate 66, two side plates 65, a top end plate 67 and a bottom end plate 68, said plates being joined together. The side plates are reinforcing plates extending through about one half of the rail height past the T-back towards the guide surface. This solution enables a small total thickness of the machinery to be achieved. The vibration damping elements 61, 62 and 63 between the elevator machinery 1 and the guide rail 6 are attached to the stator 9 and the guide rail 6 via the auxiliary frame 64 in such manner that the auxiliary frame 64 is fixed to the stator 9 and the damping elements 61, 62 and 63 are between the guide rail 6 and the auxiliary frame 64. In principle, it would be possible to use only one damping element, but technically and economically it is advantageous to divide damping element into smaller parts, preferably three parts, a first 61, a second 62 and a third damper 63. Two dampers 62 and 63 prevent the elevator machinery 1 from substantially turning about the longitudinal axis of the guide rail 6, and similarly two dampers, the first 61 and second 62 and/or the first 61 and third 63 dampers, prevent the elevator machinery 1 from substantially deviating vertically from the direction of the guide rail 6. The first damper 61 at the top edge of the machinery is held between the top end plate 69 and a top cover 69, said top cover being attached to the guide rail 6 by means of a fixing element 73. Correspondingly, the second and third dampers 62 and 63 placed side by side below the machinery are held between the auxiliary frame 64 and a lower supporter 70. The lower supporter is attached to the guide rail 6 by means of fixing elements 74. The top cover 69 and the lower supporter 70 are provided with a fillet to prevent sideways movement of the dampers. The shear forces resisting the rotation and rolling over of the machinery are transmitted by guide pins 72 fixed to the auxiliary frame 64 and passing through the dampers. The auxiliary frame 64 also acts as a structural part increasing the rigidity of the stator 9, the auxiliary frame being attached to the stator 9 at a point in its central part in the region of the shaft 7 by means of the supporting element 34 and fixing screws 35 and at two points on the edge of the stator by means of fixing elements 77. One of the hoisting lugs 76 of the machinery is attached to the guide pin 72 going through the first damper 61. The guide pins 72 are passed through holes 75 in the top and bottom end plates. The guide pins act as safety devices after the occurrence of a possible damper breakage, because in that case the guide pin will remain leaning against the top or bottom end plate. An alternative way of mounting the dampers is to place each damper between two cuplike structures. The upper cup would have a diameter slightly larger than that of the lower cup and would partly surround the lower cup. In the event of a damper breakage, the cup edges would come into contact with each other, thus preventing the elevator machinery from coming off the auxiliary frame. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that different embodiments of the invention are not restricted to the examples described above, but that they may instead be varied within the scope of the claims presented below.

Claims: Elevator machinery (1) for an elevator (54) moving along guide rails (6), said machinery comprising at least an elevator motor (2) and a traction sheave (4) driving the elevator ropes (5), said elevator motor (2) comprising a stator (9), a rotor (8), a motor shaft (7) and at least one bearing (10) between the rotor (8) and the stator (9), whereby the stator (9) and rotor (8) are discoid and/or the elevator motor is of a flat construction in the axial direction of the motor shaft, characterized in that the elevator machinery (1) is mounted on the longitudinal side of one of the guide rails (6) of the elevator (54) or counterweight (55). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the guide rail (6) is used as a structural part of the elevator machinery (1). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vertical forces of the elevator ropes (5) on the traction sheave (6) are passed via the rolling centre of a bearing (10) to the guide rail (6). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 3, characterized in that it has a supporting element (34) between the elevator machinery (1) and the guide rail (6), said element (34) supporting the elevator machinery (1). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 4, characterized in that the supporting center (37) of the element(34) supporting the elevator machinery (1) is vertically aligned with the rolling center of the bearing (10). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that there is at least one vibration damping element (61, 62, 63) between the elevator machinery (1) and the guide rail (6). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 6, characterized in that the damping element (61, 62, 63) is placed between the stator (9) of the elevator motor (2) and the guide rail (6). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one vibration damping element (61, 62, 63) between the elevator machinery (1) and the guide rail (6) and that the damping element (61, 62, 63) is attached to the stator (9) and guide rail (6) via an auxiliary frame (64) in such manner that the auxiliary frame (64) is attached to the stator 9 and the damping element (61, 62, 63) is placed between the auxiliary frame (64) and the guide rail (6). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 8, characterized in that the damping element is divided into parts, preferably three parts, a first (61), a second (62) and a third damper (63), of which at least two dampers (62, 63) prevent the elevator machinery (1) from substantially turning about the longitudinal axis of the guide rail (6), and similarly at least two dampers, the first (61) and second (62) and/or the first (61) and third (63) dampers, prevent the elevator machinery (1) from substantially deviating vertically from the direction of the guide rail (6). Elevator machinery (1) as defined in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the auxiliary frame (64) acts as a structure increasing the rigidity of the stator, the auxiliary frame being attached to the stator (9) at a point in its central part in the region of the shaft (7) and at two points on the edge of the stator by means of fixing elements (77).

Inventors: AULANKO ESKO, HAKALA HARRI, MUSTALAHTI JORMA, AULANKO, ESKO, HAKALA, HARRI, MUSTALAHTI, JORMA
Applicants: KONE CORP, KONE CORPORATION
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B66B11
IPC codes: B66B7, B66B11