Method for forming an annular race for a bearing

Abstract: A drawn cup bearing has a tapered inside surface which was shaped by a tapered punch (48).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to bearings. More particularly, this invention is a new method of making a bearing which is particularly adapted for a use on a shaft which deflects due to side loading. For certain uses, drawn cup bearings are press-fitted into housings in order to position the bearings as well as insure roundness and proper bore size of the assembled bearing. Currently, drawn cup bearings are used to support the shaft pinion gears used in the gear cases of engines such as the two cycle engines. The pinion gear shaft is subject to side loading and thus results in severe bending of the shaft. When a standard roller bearing is used, the shaft contacts only one end of each roller rather than spread its load along the length of the roller. This, of course, places undesired limitations on the bearing life. In an attempt to provide contact along the length of the roller in the past, the outside diameter of the bearing cup has been ground to a tapered surface. This tapered surface allows the bearing cup to tilt to a cocked orientation relative to the bearing housing, allowing the rollers to conform to the deflected shaft. Since an additional outside diameter grinding of the bearing cup is required with the conventional method of making the bearing cup, the cost of the cup is increased. DE-B-1 122 781 describes a cardan joint with needle bearings having a bearing race with a constant outer diameter and an inner taper to take up bending of the journalled shaft during use. However, this reference describes a solid bearing race and it does not describe a drawn cup type of bearing race, and further the race does not include means to maintain the rollers in place axially. US-A-1 387 638 teaches to produce a bearing cup by deep drawing with a tapered punch, resulting in a bearing element with an outer constant diameter and an inner taper. This reference suggests that the tapered wall is used only in a tapered roller bearing, i.e. a bearing with inclined conical rollers. In contrast thereto the present invention relates to a bearing with cylindrical or needle rollers, which bearing is particularly useful on a shaft which deflects due to side loads. The foregoing illustrates limitations known to exist in present devices and methods. Thus, it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an alternative directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations set forth above. Accordingly, a suitable alternative is provided including features more fully disclosed hereinafter. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The new method of making the bearing is defined in claim 1. A preferred use of the bearing is defined in claim 2. The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES Fig. 1 is a view showing a conventional bearing used in the pinion position in the gear case for a two cycle engine, the bearing being shown in cross section; Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial view of Fig. 1; Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are sectional views useful in explaining a current method for making tapered walled bearings; Figs. 6 and 7 are sequential views useful in explaining the method of forming the new race of this invention; and Fig. 8 is a view partly in section showing a tapered walled bearing about the pinion shaft and within the housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the drawings and particularly to Fig. 1, a drawn cup type conventional bearing is shown inserted into the bore 10 of a metal housing. The bearing includes an annular race 14 having an outside surface 16 and an inside surface 18. A plurality of trunnion rollers 20 are contained within the annular race 14 and kept in place by the curled end 22 at one end of the race and by the annular radially extending portion 24 at the other end of the annular race. A rotating shaft 26 extending from a bevel gear 28 extends through the bore of the annular race 14. Bevel gear 28 meshes with a larger bevel gear 30. These bevel gears might, for example, be a pinion gear such as might be used with a gear case for two cycle engine applications. The pinion shaft 26 is a fairly long shaft and will deflect upon the application of a side loading. Such a deflection is shown more clearly in Fig. 2 where the side load direction is indicated by the arrow. A standard roller bearing is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. That is, the inside and outside surfaces of the annular member 14 are parallel. If such a standard roller bearing were used, the shaft 26 would contact only one end of each trunnion roller 20 rather than spread its load along the length of the roller. A current method for providing contact along the entire length of the roller is illustrated in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5. Fig. 3 shows in partial cross section a standard bearing with an annular race having a straight outside surface 30. The outside surface is ground to a tapered surface. The grinding of the outside surface is indicated by the broken lines 32 of Fig. 4. The resulting bearing is shown in Fig. 5. Grinding the outside diameter of the annular race to provide a tapered outside surface allows the bearing to tilt to a cocked orientation relative to the bearing housing when the bearing is press fit into the housing. This allows the roller to conform to the deflected shaft. With the conventional way of making a tapered surface illustrated in Figs. 3 through 5, the grinding operation requires an expensive machining operation to achieve the tapered outside surface. The annular race of my invention is made by a process of draw tooling, thereby eliminating the need for an expensive machining operation. Referring to Fig. 6, the drawn cup 40 is placed on the top of a bore 42 extending through a sizing die 44. The cup 40 has an annular wall 46 of substantially the same thickness throughout its length. A tapered punch 48 is inserted into the drawn cup 40 and pushed into the bore 42 to provide a wall having an outside surface the same diameter throughout its length and a tapered inside surface. Though not shown, the cup is then removed from the sizing die, the bottom 50 of the cup is punched out, and the ends of the side wall are curled radially inwardly to form means to contain the trunnion rollers. Fig. 8 shows my new bearing press fit into the bore 10 of the housing 12. The bearing includes an annular race 60 having an outside surface 62 and an inside surface 64. The plurality of trunnion rollers 20 are contained in the race. At least the race-roller contact length of the inside surface of the annular race should be tapered. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 the entire length of the inside surface of the race is tapered. The outside surface of the annular race is straight and parallel to the center line of the bearing housing. The inside surface of the annular race is tapered such that the radially inward surfaces of the rollers provide surfaces for receiving the deflected shaft such that the shaft contacts the rollers along their length.

Claims: Method for forming an annular race (60) for a bearing with cylindrical rollers (20), comprising the steps of placing a drawn cup (40) having an annular wall (46) of substantially the same thickness throughout its length at the entrance of a sizing die (44) having a bore (42) of the same diameter throughout its length; inserting a tapered punch (48) into the drawn cup (40) and sizing die bore (42) to provide a wall having an outside surface of the same diameter throughout its length and a tapered inside surface; and shaping the resulting drawn cup (40) into an annular race (60) having a constant outside diameter (62) and a tapered bore (64) by punching out the bottom (50) of the cup (40) and by curling the ends of the side walls radially inwardly to form means (22, 24) to contain the rollers (20). Use of the bearing produced according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that the bearing is mounted in a housing (12) for use on a shaft (26) which deflects due to side loads.

Inventors: MURPHY RICHARD F, MURPHY, RICHARD F.
Applicants: TORRINGTON CO, THE TORRINGTON COMPANY
Application year: 1995
Main classification: F16C33
IPC codes: F16C33, F16C19