SYSTEM AND APPLIANCE FOR THE CENTRIFUGATION OF A FLUID

Abstract: The invention concerns systems and appliances in which the predominant actions for the separation of the suspending impurities in a fluid consist of the application of the centrifugal effect. The system and appliance are accomplished by associating in a contiguous and sucessive way several centrifugation stages, forming a column of modules moved by a common rotation axis (1) and separated by intervallic spaces (13) intended to the fluid circulation. Each centrifugation module is constituted by a rotor with radial blades (2) superiorly attached to a conical surface (3) and inferiorly to a circular crown of equal conicity (4), which is extended by another cone-shaped surface of a much higher angle of inclination (5), involving the blades of the contiguous rotor, so as to create an intervallic space (14) for the deposition and exit of the impurities. The column is enclosed in a cylindrical body (6) provided with covers (7, 8) which stand the rotation axis (1) and are inserted by doors, provided with valves with automatic control of a variable opening, which allow the regulation of the relative time of the centrifugation of the fluid with impurities, with the entrance through door (9) and the exit through door (10) and which allows that the cleaning fluid, entering through door (11) drags the accumulated impurities in space (15) and expels them through door (12) in a short period of time.

Description: DESCRI PTI ON SYSTEM AND APPLIANCE FOR THE CENTRIFUGATION OF A FLUID Technical domain The invention concerns systems and appliances for the cleaning and depuration of fluids in which the predominant actions for the separation of the suspending impurities in a fluid consist of the application of the centrifugal effect. In already known centrifugation systems, these actions are performed in one only centrifugation stage and they are not continuous, they need sucessive time breaks for the charge and the discharge of the fluids and the recovery of the impurities, which greatly diminishes the yield of the centrifugation operations thus limiting the scope of their applications. Explanation of the invention The objective of the invention is to solve these problems by means of a system which conjointly uses several centrifugation stages and different courses for the fluid circulation and for the impurities circulation. It is accomplished by grouping in height, in a contiguous and sucessive way and having the same rotation axis, several centrifugation modules corresponding to the stages thus getting a column with continuous centrifugation and the shaping of suitable courses for the fluid guidance and for the impurities separation. A major advantage of the invention, since it allows a greater efficiency and a higher yield of the centrifugation operations, is that it makes the operations of depuration and cleaning more economical and thus it allows its application to great quantities of deeply troubled liquids or fluids containing a great concentration of impurities. One of the ways of carrying the invention into execution will be fully described as follows, with reference to the drawings which only represent one way of execution. Figure 1 sectionally represents a centrifugation appliance showing the structure and grouping of the centrifugation modules and their common rotation axis (1); the cylindrical body (6) and the covers (7), (8) which enclose the column of modules and SUBSTITUTE SHEET stand the rotation axis; the entrance door of the fluid with impurities (9), the course of the fluid circulation in the multiple centrifugation stages (13) and the door for its exit (10), already depurated; the door for the admission of the fluid which recovers the impurities and transports them (11), its circulation course (15) and the door for its expelling (12). Figure 2 represents a profile view of the rotor blades and of the conical circular surface of their cover. Figure 3 represents a view of the circular crown formed by two surfaces with a different conicity which constitute a campanula that separates two contiguous rotors. As it can be seen in the sketches, an example of a centrifugation column is constituted by the coordinated grouping, in a contiguous and successive way of several modules moved by a common rotation axis (1), and separated among themselves by intervallic spaces (13) intended to the circulation of the stream of the fluid with impurities, along the several centrifugation stages. Each centrifugation module is constituted by a rotor (figure 2) and by a campanula (figure 3); each rotor is formed by a set of blades (2) placed in radial position and attached by their superior periphery to a circular cone-shaped sur ace (3); each campanula is constituted by a surface of equal conicity, in the shape of a circular crown (4), attached to the inferior periphery of the rotor blades, being extended by another cone- shaped surface of a much greater angle of inclination (5), which encircles the extremities of the blades of the contiguous rotor, creating an intervallic space (14), intended to the deposition and guidance of the impurities to the exterior of the module. The centrifugation column is enclosed in a cylindrical body (6) provided with covers (7), (8) which stand the rotation axis (1) and are inserted by openings or doors for the entrance of the fluid with impurities (9), for the exit of the purified fluid (10), for the entrance of the cleaning fluid (11) and for the expelling of the impurities (12); an intervallic space (15) between the centrifugation column and the internal part of the cylindrical body is intended to the circulation of the impurities for later expelling. SUBSTITUTE SHEET Preferably, the centrifugation diameter of each module increases from the first to the last one, positioned in the superior part of the column, thus obtaining the progressive increase in r e centrifugation speed. The first odule accomplishes the centrifugation and the separation of the impurities of greater volume or density which the fluid contains; this one, free from those impurities, progressively moves to the contiguous module where an increased centrifugation speed separates the impurities of decreasing volume or density. This process of progressive increase in the centrifugation speed is repeated till the last module, being its diameter and its rotation speed calculated so that it may be achieved the separation of the impurities of smaller volume or of less density which the fluid might contain, also being taken into account in that estimate the fluid own density, the impurities concentration and the relative lenght of the centrifugation work, which is settled by varying the speed or debit of the fluid circulation. For the opening and closing of the doors, automatically controlled valves are foreseen, which allows to quickly accomplish the expelling of the accumulated impurities. In order to do that, doors (9) and (10) are closed and doors (11) and (12) are immediately opened allowing that the cleaning fluid ge .ng into door (11) drags the accumulated impurities and e els them through door (12), in a short period of time. The invention has applications, with many advantages, in the clarification of water with a high concentration of muds and in the preliminary treatment of residual waters coming from urban or industrial sewage for the separation of detritus and impurities. SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims: CLAIMS 1. System and appliance for the separation by centrifugation of the suspending impurities in a fluid, in which the centrifugation is accomplished by the rotation movement of sets of blades attached by a common axis according to a radial position and characterized by comprising several centrifugation stages grouped together among themselves in a contiguous and successive way constituting a coordinated group configuring a column which accomplishes the centrifugation in a continuous way; by being shaped, spaces and appropriate courses, respectively for the circulation and the centrifugation of the fluid and for the depositing and circulation of the impurities, according to each set of blades, thus being obtained, with this method, the formation of centrifugation modules; and by the fact that the relative time of the fluid centrifugation and the time for the expelling of the impurities are regulated by means of valves, with automatic control, intercalated in the respective circuits. 2. System and appliance according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the centrifugation column is constituted by the contiguous and sucessive grouping of several modules which accomplish the centrifugation moved by a common rotation axis (1) and are separated among themselves by intervallic spaces (13) intended to the circulation of the fluid stream in course of centrifugation. 3. System and appliance according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that each centrifugation module is constituted by a rotor (figure 2) formed by a set of blades (2) placed in radial position, attached by their superior periphery to a circular cone-shaped surface (3) and by their inferior pherifery to a surface of equal conicity, in the shape of a circular crown (4) which is extended by another cone-shaped surface of a much higher angle of inclination, forming a campanula (figure 3) which encircles the blades extremities of the contiguous rotor (5) to shape an intervallic space (14) SUBSTITUTESHEET intended to the depositing and guidance of the impurities to the exterior of the module. 4. System and appliance according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the diameter of each module increases from the first to the last one, being the latter situated in the superior position of the column, resulting in the progressive increase in the centrifugation speed. 5. System and appliance according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the centrifugation column is enclosed in a cilindrical body (6) being shaped an appropriate intervallic space (15) between the centrifugation column and the internal part of the cilindrical body, for the circulation of the fluid that cleans the impurities and latter expelling. 6. System and appliance according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical body is provided with covers (7), (8) which stand the rotation axis (1) and in which are inserted circular openings for the entrance of the fluid with impurities (9), for the exit of the purified fluid (10), for the entrance of the cleaning fluid (11) and for the expelling of the impurities (12), being those circular openings called doors. 7. System and appliance according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the gradual obturation of the doors is accomplished by appropriate valves, controlled automatically, allowing the accomplishment of a regulation of the centrifugation relative time by the variation of the circulation speed of the fluid with impurities in compliance with the nature of the fluid itself, the volume or the density of the impurities and their concentration. 8. System and appliance according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the simultaneous and appropriate control of the valves allows that the cleaning fluid, entering through door (11) drags the accumulated impurities in the space (15) and expels them through door (12) in a short period of time. ITUTESHEET

Inventors: BAPTISTA FERNANDO AUGUSTO, PEREIRA DIAS BAPTISTA JOAO MAN, BAPTISTA, FERNANDO, AUGUSTO, PEREIRA DIAS BAPTISTA, JOAO, MANUEL
Applicants: BAPTISTA FERNANDO AUGUSTO, PEREIRA DIAS BAPTISTA JOAO MAN, BAPTISTA, FERNANDO, AUGUSTO, PEREIRA DIAS BAPTISTA, JOAO, MANUEL
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B04B5
IPC codes: B04B5