CATAMARAN

Abstract: A twin-hulled (1) boat comprises two parallel, relatively narrow and relatively long hulls (2) interconnected by a central bridge section (3) and each hull (2) having a bow section (4) and a stern section (5), characterised in that the hulls (2) have virtually flat-bottoms (6) apart from the bow sections (4).

Description: CATAMARAN This invention relates to a twin-hulled boat designed to be propelled by an outboard motor intended primarily as a work-boat for diving, fishing, fish-farming etc., and of the "Flat-Top" type used in the Florida Everglades for example, with the decks of the two hulls and the top of the central bridge-section arranged to be flush, giving a large area of clear deck, whilst normal catamarans, designed for sailing, have deep "V" hulls to give a good grip on the water. According to a first aspect of the present invention, of independent significance, there is provided a twin-hulled boat comprising two parallel relatively narrow and relatively long hulls and a central bridge section, with each hull having a bow section and a stern section characterised in that the hulls are virtually flat-bottomed apart from the bow sections. The long water-lines and relatively narrow hulls give the boat in accordance with this aspect low resistance and a high maximum speed when functioning on displacement, while the large flat areas give a low planing speed. As a result, such a boat requires about half the engine power of a conventional boat for equivalent performance. Furthermore, the long, narrow planing areas allow water to escape to the sides, reducing slamming in a sea; they also allow such a boat to avoid the inefficient bows-up attitude adopted by many conventional planing hulls. Finally, the long hulls give good directional stability and consequently such a boat is very easy to steer. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a twin-hulled boat comprising two parallel hulls and a central bridge section, separable into three parts, being the two hulls and the central bridge section, for land transport. According to a third aspect of the present invention, of independent significance, there is provided a twin-hulled boat in which the hulls are made of fibre-glass (GRP) and filled with plastic foam. In practice, in order for the attachment of the hull to the central bridge section to function properly, the hulls themselves must be slightly flexible (vide infra) . Preferably, to achieve the desired properties of lightness, flexibility and strength, the hulls should be laid up using woven glass cloth rather than the more conventional chopped strand - the latter gives a strong but brittle hull. Woven glass cloth must, conventionally, be laid up by hand, and so is normally avoided in conventional boat-building. However, as the mould for the long, narrow hulls of the boat of the invention resembles a trough, in accordance with a preferred feature the trough is arranged to be rotated about its long axis, so that the operator can always work down-hand. This means that the hand lay-up can be much faster and more efficient than normal. Furthermore, decked GRP hulls are conventionally made in two sections which are subsequently bonded together. The top edge of the lower hull moulding is rolled outward to give a narrow flange to which the deck is attached. This flange, which is often protected by a rubber rubbing strip, must be narrow and represents a line of weakness. The "rolling mould" approach to the manufacture described above allows the top edge of the hull moulding to be rolled inward:- the mould for the hull section is made with a removable top. This allows the flange for attaching the deck section to be made much wider than normal, so the attachment is much more secure. It also allows the gunwales to be reinforced to accommodate attachment for the central bridge section and also stanchion sockets for a grab line. Each hull becomes, in effect, a closed tube, and is therefore very strong in relation to its weight. Conventional demountable catamarans are assembled by fitting long cross-members in sockets in each hull. Since the sockets themselves cannot be made or aligned very accurately using conventional boat-building techniques, the cross-members must be allowed a certain amount of clearance, and this leads to movements in the socket, fretting, etc. Furthermore, the cross-members themselves must be slightly flexible, to take up inevitable misalignments, so they cannot be incorporated into a rigid deck structure. Normally, in small sailing catamarans, a sheet of canvas is stretched between the two cross members to, forming the "trampoline". This system is obviously unsuitable for larger boats carrying heavier loads, and the need to have cross-members long enough to extend right across the boat is inconvenient at best. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, of independent significance, there is provided a twin-hulled boat comprising two parallel hulls which are inter-connected by a central bridge section, in which the central bridge-section is made up on a metallic frame and is therefore rigid. The frame is preferably constructed from hollow section tubing of circular or rectangular (and preferably square) profile. The metallic material may be steel coated, even if only by paint, to resist seawater attack, or may be a lightweight alloy. In detail the frame may comprise four longitudinal beams, located in spaced-apart, parallel relationship, and four transverse beams secured, e.g. by welding, bolts or fittings, to the undersides of the four longitudinal beams. The underside of the frame is also preferably provided with rearwardly extending support beams for a transome to which an outboard motor is attachable. Preferably, four heavy steel plates are fixed, at roughly equal intervals down each side of the bridge-section, and four corresponding plates are fixed to the inner gunwale of each hull, so as to provide four attachment points at each side of the central bridge section. To assemble such a boat, the corresponding plates of a hull and the bridge section are brought together, and each pair clamped together preferably by a screw mechanism preferably operated from the outside of the hull. The screw mechanisms hold the plates together with a force of several tons, so friction prevents the hulls moving with respect to the bridge-section. On the other hand, since the attachment points are basically a pair of flat plates, they will tolerate very significant misalignments. Using conventional fabrication techniques, it is virtually impossible to guarantee that all the plates on each hull, or on each side of the bridge-section will be co-planar, so that if the hulls were rigid, all the load would be taken by one or two attachment points. However, hulls made in accordance with the third aspect above can flex without damage to take up minor misalignment, so allowing the load to be shared between all the attachment points. However, the material is stiff in its own plane, and so a very rigid attachment results. In practice, the screw mechanisms are made so that they can be easily assembled with very considerable misalignment; operating the screw mechanism then draws the hull into the correct position with respect to the bridge- section. Each screw mechanism is preferably housed in a steel tube which extends across the hull and terminates in a heavy boss at each end. This tube with its bosses is preferably laid up into the glass fibre when the hull is built and thereby spreads the load throughout a wide area of the hull. The screw mechanisms can be withdrawn from the tubes for greasing, etc. when required. It will be seen that this system allows the central bridge section to be a rigid structure carrying a solid deck. It avoids the inconvenience of long cross-members extending across the whole of the boat, and can be easily extended to larger sizes of boat. It is clearly advantageous if the boat in accordance with the invention can be launched off virtually any beach. If it is necessary to cross very rough or soft ground, the hulls can be completely detached from the bridge-section and carried by hand - they would be a light burden for four people. In this case, the bridge-section would be used as an engine-barrow using the "FS Wheels" (vide infra) . The boat would then be assembled at the water's edge by offering each hull in turn up to the bridge-section and securing it as already described. This is inevitably a relatively slow operation. If the boat is to be launched in more favourable circumstances, for example off a concrete slip, the hinged hull proposal additionally serves to maintain the hulls in correct position for attachment to the central bridge section preferably by providing loose-fitting hinges at the junctions between each hull and the bridge-section. For travelling by road (vide infra), the hulls will be lifted up and secured together above the bridge-section. Prior to launching the boat, the hulls will be lowered into their working position and secured as previously described. Preferably, pintle-type hinges, as used on the rudders of many boats, are employed, allowing the hulls to be completely detached when required by a small longitudinal movement of each hull. Normally, this movement will be prevented by a removable cross-pin. When conventional boats are launched off a slip, they are normally launched direct from their road trailer - the latter is often equipped with guides and rollers to allow the boat to be slid on and off easily. Although this is convenient in the short term, it has disastrous consequences for the road trailer itself - even when protected as far as possible, the brakes, wheel bearings etc., are rapidly corroded by the sea-water. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, of independent significance, there is provided a boat having a set of "FS" (Fine Sand) wheels. These are two or more broad, one-piece plastic wheels running on a common shaft mounted on a light, collapsible framework. The framework clips on the bridge-section, and supports it at such a height that the ground clearance of the hulls, in their working position, is about 70 mm. The boat can therefore be made ready on the FS wheels, and launched off them without exposing the road trailer itself to sea-water. Once in the water, the FS wheels may be detached and either carried on the boat - being collapsible, they take up little space - or left on shore. When returning to shore, the FS wheels are refitted, and the boat hauled out in the normal way. As an alternative to being clipped on the bridge section, the FS wheels may be hinged underneath the bridge section, and be folded up against the latter when not in use. If it is necessary to completely detach the hulls from the bridge-section, the latter, with the FS wheels, forms an engine barrow. The FS wheels are fixed roughly at the point of balance of the bridge-section with the engine mounted in its working position the stern, so that the engine, by far the heaviest single item, is easily transported. The road trailer for a conventional boat is a more or less rigid cradle, sometimes equipped with rollers, winches, etc. mounted on wheels. The not inconsiderable weight of trailers of this type is a considerable disadvantage:- it is illegal (in the U.K.) for the weight of the trailer plus load to exceed the weight of the towing vehicle, so a heavy trailer may force a boat owner to use a heavier towing vehicle than is strictly necessary for the boat itself. For travelling by road hinged hulls will have been folded over the top of the bridge-section - otherwise, the boat is too wide to be allowed on public roads. However, if the bridge-section is in accordance with the fourth aspect, the bridge-section itself is a rigid structure, so there is no need to provide separate cradle, as for a conventional boat - the "trailer", in accordance with a seventh aspect, of independent significance, is a skeletal framework with two pairs of road wheels, and means for fixing down the bridge- section. In practice, the bridge-section will probably be carried on any FS wheels, and these in their turn will be secured to the road trailer. Although suitable for various uses, the boat in accordance with the various above defined aspects was initially designed to be used by SCUBA divers, for whom it immediately offers a wide deck area, which makes it easy to take gear on and off, and low freeboard, which greatly facilitates getting back on board from the water. However, the divers will also need seats for the run out to the dive- site and back, and some means of preventing divers or crew falling overboard involuntarily. In accordance with a seventh aspect of the invention, of independent significance, there is provided a series of vertical sockets moulded into the outer gunwale of each hull. These sockets may for instance take tubular steel stanchions, with, for example, their tops joined by light cord threaded through e.g. rubber, fittings at the top and preferably secured to the deck at bow and stern. Instead of using cord, it is possible to employ wire or even boards between the stanchions. Preferably, two inflatable tubes, roughly 500 mm diameter, made of stout plastics lie just inboard of the two rows of stanchions and are secured to the latter with light ties or rings around the stanchions. These tubes preferably extend virtually the full length of the hulls, and form seats for two rows of passengers, who sit facing each other , with their backs supported by the cord between the stanchions. On arrival at the dive site, one or both of these tubes may be tied to a length of rope and thrown overboard to act as a safety float, thereby providing extra free deck-space. One or both sets of stanchions can be removed, allowing divers to enter or leave the water down the full length of the hull. The sockets for the stanchions can be put to other uses if required e.g., they could support an awning, and "A" frame for radio aerials and navigation lights, or a tent or dodger. Divers frequently need to raise heavy objects from the sea bed. For this purpose the boat in accordance with the invention can be fitted with a winch on the bridge-section, - 1 0 - with the lifting going down through a hole in this deck. This would allow heavy objects to be winched up to the bottom of the boat; they could then be taken to suitable shallow water for final recovery. Loads of up to two tons (i.e. a large motor-car) could be easily handled. The various aspects of the invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a boat; Figure 2 is an underneath plan view of one hull; Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are sections through the hull respectively on lines A-A, B-B, C-C and D-D of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a top plan of the boat of the preceding Figures; Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a side elevation and a plan view of the central bridge section of the boat of the preceding Figures; Figure 7 is a sectional view detailing an attachment point of a hull to the central bridge section; Figures 8 and 9 are respectively a front elevation and an end elevation of a plate of the central bridge section; Figures 10 and 11 are respectively a front elevation and an end elevation of a plate of a hull; Figures 12 and 13 are respectively a plan view and a side elevation of a portion of the central bridge section showing FS wheels; Figures 14 and 15 are respectively a side elevation and a front elevation of one winch configuration; and Figures 16 and 17 are respectively a side elevation and a front elevation of a second winch configuration. In the drawings, a twin-hulled boat 1 comprises two parallel, relatively narrow and relatively long hulls 2 interconnected by a central bridge section 3. Each hull 2 has a bow section 4 and a stern section 5 and, in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, has a flat bottom 6 which exends over the majority of the length of each hull 2 from the stern section 5 to terminate in the vicinity of the bow section 4. Each hull 2 is of synthetic plastics material, being laid up using woven glass cloth and during construction four spaced-apart, transverse steel tubes 7 are incorporated in each hull 2, each tube 7 housing a screw mechanism 8 operable from the outer gunwale 20 the hull 2 and terminating at the inner gunwale 21 of each hull 2 and hence adjacent the central bridge section 3, in a heavy duty steel plate 9. Also during construction five spaced-apart upright sockets 10 are incorporated in each hull 2 along the outer gunwale 20 of each hull 2. As seen in Figures 5 and 6, the central bridge section 3 is constituted by a metallic frame 22 comprising four longitudinal beams 11 located in spaced-apart, parallel relationship, and four transverse beams 12 secured by welding to the undersides of the four beams 11. For clarity, decking 23 (e.g. marine plywood) covering the metallic frame 22 has been indicated only partially in Figure 6. Each transverse beam 12 terminates in a plate 13 adapted, when the two hulls 2 are presented to opposite sides of the central bridge section 3, to engage frictionally a respective plate 9 so that, when the screw mechanisms 8 are activated the four plates at each side of the central bridge section 3 are brought into tight frictional engagement with the four plates of each hull 2. Figures 5 and 6 also illustrate the provision of rearwardly extending support beams 14 terminating in a transome 15 to receive an outboard motor 16, as indicated in Figure 1. As detailed in Figure 7, each tube 7 houses a threaded stud 24 having at one end a head 25 with an arrow head type connector 26, the stud 24 passing through a pressure sleeve 27 housing a fail-safe spring 28, and through a castellated nut 29 engageable by a suitable rotational tool to bring the plates 9 and 13 into tight frictional engagement under several tons loading. Figures 8 and 9 detail a simple hinge arrangement in that each plate 13 additionally constitutes a male hinge part by being provided with an integral, longitudinally extending pintle 31 engageable in a receiving hole 32 in the plates 9, which plates thereby constitute female hinge parts, while the connector 26 of the stud 24 passes through an elongated hole 30 in each plate 13 and is rotated through 90° by a tool engaging a diametral rib 33 at the other end of the stud 24. In Figures 12 and 13 are illustrated pairs of FS wheels 17 located between the two mid-transverse beams 12. The wheels 17 are connected to the frame 22 by hingeable struts 34, so that the wheels 17 are displaceable between the lower, ground engaging, operable position, in which they are retained by a locking line 35, and an upper, non-operative position, in which they are folded beneath the frame 22 and again retained by the line 35. Figures 14 and 15 indicate that the boat 1 may be provided with a wheel house 36 and a winch 37 (e.g. 1/4 ton) mounted on a 40" high tripod 38, with 12 volt batteries to power the winch being housed within a console 42, with the winch being operable in the gap between the bow sections 4. Figures 16 and 17 indicate a boat 1 provided with a winch 37 (e.g. of 1 ton) on a 40" high table 39, again being battery powered, but operable through a hole normally closed by a cover 41 in the decking 23. From the hinge mechanism detailed in Figures 8 to 10, it is apparent that, for transport, upon release of the screw mechanisms 9, the two hulls 2 may be folded, and inverted so as to seat on the central bridge section 3 for transport to or from the water, by fitting to the bridge section 3 the FS wheels 17, or alternatively for road transport by fitting the bridge section 3 with road wheels, thereby obviating the need for a road trailer. As illustrated in Figure 1 , each socket 10 is adapted to be fitted with a stanchion 18 through which a tension plastic rope 19 may be fitted, to serve as a grab line and/or a back rest, for persons, e.g. divers, seated on an inflatable seat 40 for transport to and from a dive site.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A twin-hulled (1) boat comprising two parallel, relatively narrow and relatively long hulls (2) and a central bridge section (3), with each hull (2) having a bow section (4) and a stern section (5), characterised in that the hulls (2) have virtually flat-bottoms (6) apart from the bow sections (4). 2. A twin-hulled boat (1) comprising two parallel hulls (2) and a central bridge section (3), characterised in that the boat is readily separable into three parts, being the two hulls (2) and the central bridge section (3) , for land transport. 3. A twin-hulled boat (1) as claimed in Claim 2, wherein separation is total, with the three parts (2, 3) being three individual elements. 4. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 2, wherein separation is relative, with the two hulls (2) remaining hinged to the central bridge section (3) and being hingeable to a land transportation position. 5. A twin-hulled boat (1) as claimed in any preceding Claim, characterised in that the hulls (2) are made of fibre-glass (GRP) and filled with plastic foam. 6. A twin-hulled boat as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the fibre-glass is woven glass cloth. 7. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6, wherein each top edge of each hull moulding is inwardly directed, to consistute a flange to which a deck section is attached. 8. A twin-hulled boat (1) as claimed in Claim 5, wherein a plurality of transversely extending attachment means (7) are incorporated into each hull (2) , being spaced-apart along the hull (2) and terminating, at the inner gunwhale (21) in an attachment plate (9) . 9. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 8, wherein each attachment means (7) comprises a steel tube (7) housing a screw mechanism (8) operable from the outer gunwhale (20) of the hull (2). 10. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in any preceding Claim, characterised in that the central bridge- section (3) is constituted by a metallic frame (22) and is therefore rigid. 11. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the metallic frame (22) comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending, mutually spaced-apart, parallel beams (11), interconnected by a plurality of transversely extending, mutually spaced-apart, parallel beams (12). 12. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the beams (11, 12) are of hollow section material. 13. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 5, and any Claim appended thereto, wherein a series of vertical sockets (10) are incorporated, by moulding, into and along the outer gunwhale (20) of each hull (2). 14. A twin-hulled boat as claimed in Claim 13, wherein each socket (10) receives a stanchion (18), tops of which are joined by a rope (19). 15. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in Claim 13 or 14, wherein an inflatable tube to serve as a seat (40), is provided just inboard of the row of stanchions (18). 16 A twin-hulled boat (1) comprising two hulls (2) interconnected by a bridge section (3) characterised in that the bridge section (3) is provided with a set of detachable wheels (17). 17. A twin-hulled boat (1) comprising two hulls (2) and a central bridge section (3), characterised in that a set of wheels (17) is hinged to the central bridge section (3) and is folded up against the central bridge section (3) when not in use. 18. A twin-hulled boat (1 ) as claimed in any preceding Claim, fitted with a winch (37) on the central bridge section (3).

Inventors: CLANCY JOHN GEORGE, STANGROOM JAMES EDWARD, CLANCY, JOHN, GEORGE, STANGROOM, JAMES, EDWARD
Applicants: CLANCY JOHN GEORGE, SILKY LTD, STANGROOM JAMES EDWARD, CLANCY, JOHN, GEORGE, SILKY LIMITED, STANGROOM, JAMES, EDWARD
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B63B1
IPC codes: B63B1, B63B7