METHOD OF PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WORKING AND PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Abstract: This invention relates to engine-building and more particularly to a method of piston internal combustion engine working and may be used in stationary power-generating plants and in transport. A method of piston internal combustion engine working comprising the suction valve (1) opening into the cylinder (8) over-piston cavity, feeding the working medium into it before the suction valve (1) shutting off; further compressing and burning of the working medium with its further expansion and discharge of the worked-out gases. A detonating additive is added into the working medium, but the working medium expansion is preferably affected at its constant pressure and the over-piston cavity variable volume. The piston internal combustion engine comprises a rocker (5) of variable length which is provided by telescopic spring (24) of variable rigidity and hydrocylinder (13) and compensator (4) which is provided by a telescopic spring (28) of variable rigidity and hydrocylinder (31). A rocker (5) of variable length provides fuel burning at the constant pressure of the working medium and variable volume of the over-piston cavity. Compensator (4) provides automatical adjusting of the given compression pressure rate.

Description: METHOD OF PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WORKING AND PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to engine-building and more particularly, to a method of piston internal combustion engine working and may be used in stationary power-generating plants and in transport. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART It is known a method of internal combustion engine working which comprises: fresh charge pumping into at least switched-off cylinders; further burning out of a charge; expanding and exhausting the combustion products; switching-off at least one cylinder during load reducing; disconnecting the piston crown and the skirt and further fixating of the piston crown at the upper dead point on the cavities under the crown and the skirt of the switched- off cylinder they provide the pressure exceeding the pressure in the cavity over the piston crown at the moment of the cylinder switching off, but at the moment of switching on the switched-off cylinder they provide the pressure in the cavity over the piston crown exceeding the pressure in the cavities under the skirt and the piston crown. Besides, the pressure in the cavity over the piston crown of the switched-off cylinder, which is less than the pressure in the cavities under the piston crown and the skirt is provided at the end stroke of the exhaust (Russian Federation Patent N_ 2013624, cl. F02D 17/02). It is also known a method of internal combustion engine working which comprises: opening of the inlet valve into the cylinder over-piston cavity; feeding into it the fuel-air mixture from the carburettor before the inlet valve closing, after that they compress the fuel-air mixture and ignite it by the electric spark; during this process the main quantity of the fuel-air mixture is burning out when the piston is near the upper dead point at the expansion step beginning. The maximum pressure of the combustable mixture in the cylinder is reached when the piston is at the upper dead point. Burning out of the fuel-air mixture takes place with intensive heat emission at the point corresponding the crankshaft turn on 10 -15 before the upper dead point and 15°-20° after the upper dead point. The main quantity of the fuel-air mixture burns out at the variable pressure and constant volume'. Further, they make expansion step (piston working stroke), i.e. because of the fuel burning out and gas heat exchange the piston is moved to the lower dead point. When the crankshaft is 40°-45° before the lower dead point the inlet valve opens and the combustion products are removed from the over-piston cavity. Removing of the said products is done before the piston coming to the upper dead point (S.N. Bogdanov and other "Automobile engines", M., "M__-__inostroer_ie", 1987). It is also known an internal combustion engine, which comprises a casing, a carter, switched-off and non-switched-off cylinders with inlet and outlet means; the pistons in the cylinders which are cinematically connected with the shaft, the engine controlling means; moreover, the pistons of the switched-off cylinders are done composite; an ejector for the remaining gases sucking from the over-piston cavity of the switched-off cylinders with active and passive nozzles; additional outlet means set in the switched-off cylinders for disconnecting the over-piston cavity and the passive nozzle; a compressor relating with the over-piston cavity through the inlet means; moreover, the additional outlet means are connected with the shaft or the engine controlling means; besides, the engine has a safety valve set in the carter which is made hermetic (Russian Federation Patent Ne 2013624,,cl. F02D 17/02). It is also known an internal combustion engine which has a carter, a cylinder block, a rocker connected with the crankshaft by the lower head and with the piston by the upper head. The cylinder block head has suction and outlet valves and tunnels and also a distributing shaft (S.N. Bogdanov and other "Automobile engines", M., "Mashinostroenie", 1987). The piston being near the upper dead point, and the main quantity of the fuel-air mixture burns out at the variable pressure and constant volume, there is no useful mechanical work because of the fact, that at this place the piston practically does not move, that is seen from the formula: AW= ) PdV = 0 , where ΔW is gas external work, Vj and V 2 is initial and final gas volume (V=Const.). At the same time during the process of the main quantity of the fuel-air mixture burning out there is- emanated a considerable volume of heat, which leads to the engine details heating, but its part is uselessly taken out into the atmosphere. In consequence of the aforesaid, the gas expansion energy is not used for useful mechanical work. When some cylinders are switched-off, the reciprocating units in the unswitched cylinders maintain the force of inertia. i n =ma, which is opposite the forces affecting on the piston because of the fuel-air mixture burning out. This leads to the engine efficiency decrease. In addition, the known engines have increased specific fuel consumption, considerable discharge of the worked out gases, enlarged metallic capacitance and unsatisfactory litre capacity. SUMMARY OF INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to create the method of the piston internal combustion engine working which can be obtained by the internal combustion engine with lowered specific fuel consumption, increased efficiency, lowered discharge of the worked out gases, decreased metallic capacitance and increased litre capacity. The object has been achieved by the piston internal combustion engine working, comprising: the suction valve opening into the cylinders over-piston cavity, feeding the working medium into it before the suction valve shutting, further compressing of the working medium and discharging of the worked out gases; a detonating additive is added to the working medium and the working medium expansion is preferably affected at the constant pressure and variable volume of the over-piston cavity. The object has also been achieved by the piston internal combustion engine containing a carter, a cylinder block, a gas distributing means, a ' rocker having variable length connected by the lower head with the crankshaft, but by the upper head with the piston, connected with the stem and the hydrocylinder, the piston of which is connected with the stem makes chambers of variable volume communicating by the inlet outlet holes, which are filled with the fluid, the cylinder block head, in which there are suction and exhaust valves and also a compensator, the rocker hydrocylinder is done in crankshaft boss, but the stock is connected with the piston head, the inlet channel is supplied with the back valve and is done in the hydrocylinder wall parallel to the rocker axis making communication between the hydrocylinder chambers and the engine carter space; moreover, on the rocker stem there is a telescopic compression spring of variable rigidity, the lesser base of which is set on the hydrocylinder end, but the greater one is set on the piston crown of the rocker, the compensator of the cylinder multiple head is made in the form of the cylinder, which is divided by the rigid cross partition into two cavities, in the lower of which there is the piston, which is spring-loaded by a telescopic spring of variable rigidity, basing with the other and on the said rigid partition, moreover, the spring-loaded piston is connected with the stem, passing through the said rigid partition and connected with the hydrocylinder piston; moreover, in one of the walls of the latter there are two spout holes and in the other one there is a replenishing channel, coπimunicating with the lower and upper cavity on one part, which is limited by an additional rigid cross partition and an oil system on the other part. The present invention also provides decreasing of specific fuel consumption twice, increasing the efficiency up to 50%, decreasing discharge of the worked out gases into the atmosphere by 50%, decreasing metallic capacitance twice; increasing Utre capacity twice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS. Later on the invention will be apparent from the specification and the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 represents general view of the piston internal combustion engine; Fig. 2 represents longitudinal view of the rocker; Fig. 3 represents longitudinal view of the compensator; Fig. 4 represents an indicator diagram of the engine in the coordinates P - V. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT According to the present invention there is provided a method of the piston internal combustion engine working. During 4-stroke piston internal combustion engine working the gas dividing mechanism opens the suction valve 1 and the working medium is sucked between the over-piston cavity and the cylinder head 2, for example, the petrol-air mixture with a detonating additive. As an detonating additive there is used a plastic explosive which has been preliminary dissolved in the water in a 0,01-0,05% ratio between the detonating additive and the fuel. The working medium is sucked till the suction valve 1 is closed. After that the piston 3 compresses the working medium while the compensator 4 provides automatic adjustment of the extent of the working medium compression. Near the upper dead . point the working mixture is ignited by the electric spark. As a result of its burning the working gases are expanded at the working medium constant pressure and variable volume of the over-piston cavity, , what is caused by the construction of the rocker 5 having variable length, while the piston 3 is moving from the upper dead point to the lower one. At the end of the expansion step of the working mixture by the gas dividing mechanism (is not shown) the exhaust valve 6 opens and the worked out gases are forced into the atmosphere. When the worked out gases have been forced with the help of the said gas distributing mechanism the exhaust valve 6 closes. Further on the working cycle of the engine repeats. The 4-stroke piston internal combustion engine has a carter 7, connected with a cylinder block 8, in which there is a crankshaft 9, connected with a piston 3 by means of a rocker 5 of variable length and by means of mechanical transmission with the gas-dividing mechanism (is not shown). At the upper part of the cylinder block 8 there is a cylinder head 2, comprising the inlet valve 1 and the exhaust valve 6 and the compensator 4. The rocker 5 of variable length has the piston head 10 and the crank head 11, connected by the stem 12, which by one and for example, by means of thread is rigidly connected with the piston crown 10. In the crank head 11 there is a blind hole, serving as the hydrocylinder 13 for the piston 14 located on the stem 12 free end. At the end of the crank head 11 boss there is a nut 15, serving as a rest for the piston 14. In the side walls of the hydrocylinder 13 there are spout holes 16, 17 and also a longitudinal channel 18 with the holes 19, 20. The channel 18 connects the hydrocylinder 13 cavities 21, 22, situated on the both sides of the piston 14, with the oil system of the engine. The back valve 23 is installed in the inlet hole of the channel 18, communicating with the engine carter space. On the stem 12 there is installed a conical telescopic • compression spring 24 of variable rigidity, which is leaning upon the piston crown 10 shoulders by means of its greater base, and by its other end it is leaning upon the hydrocylinder 13 end. The compensator 4 of the cylinder multiple head 8 is done in the form of the cylinder 25 divided by a rigid cross partition 26 into two cavities. In the lower cavity of the cylinder 25 facing the combustion chamber there is a piston 27, which is spring-loaded by telescopic spring 28 of variable rigidity, leaning upon a rigid cross partition 26 by means of its other end. The spring-loaded piston 27 is connected with the stem 29, passing through the rigid partition 26 and connected with the piston 30 of the hydrocylinder 31. The cylinder 25 upper cavity is limited by the additional rigid cross partition 32. On one of the walls of the cylinder 25 there are two spout holes 33, but in the other wall there is a replenishing (feeding) channel 34, connected with the upper and the lower cavities of the cylinder 25 and the oil system of the engine (is not shown). The piston internal combustion engine works as follows. The fresh charge (petrol-air mixture with the detonating additive) enters the over-piston cavity of the cylinder 8 through the suction valve 1 when the piston 3 is moving from the upper dead point to the lower one. Filling process is ended when the piston 3 is coming into the lower dead point. After that the suction valve 1 closes and the piston 3 moves to the upper dead point and charge compression of the working medium takes place. Before the beginning of the process of the working medium burning, when its pressure is rising, the compensator 4, automatically adjusting the given compression pressure rate, starts working. If the pressure of the working medium in the combustion chamber exceeds the given rate gases affect on the piston 27 in the lower cavity of the cylinder 25, consequently, the telescopic spring 28 is compressed and the oil from the piston 30 upper cavity flows to the cylinder 25 lower cavity through the channel 34. When the piston 30 upper edge opens the spout hole 33, one part of the oil will flow to the lower cavity of the hydrocylinder 31 through the channel 34 and the other part of the oil will flow out through the spout hole 33. The remaining oil in the cylinder 25 upper cavity serves as a damper cushioning the piston 30 shock. When the piston 30 shutts off the upper spout hole 33 and the channel 34 the oil, remaining between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 32, serves as a damper of the compensator 4. When the pressure in the combustion chamber is reducing to the quantity less than the telescopic spring 28 force, the pistons 30 and 27 begin to move downwards and one part of the oil from the cylinder cavity flows through the spout hole 33, but the other part - to the hydrocylinder 31 upper cavity. The oil, remaining between the piston 30 and the rigid partition 26, serves as a damper cushioning the piston 30 shock. Thus, by means of the compensator 4 the working medium compression rate is adjusted in the combustion chamber of the engine. When the crankshaft turn is 10 -15 before the upper dead line, the working medium burns because of the electric spark and the pressure in the over-piston cavity begins to increase. When the crankshaft turns to 360 and the pressure in the over-piston cavity exceeds preliminary compression force of the telescopic spring 24, the rocker 5 piston crown 10 begins to move in the hydrocylinder 13 together with the stem 12 and the piston 14 towards the crank head 11, shortening the rocker 5 length. At the same time, the telescopic spring 24 which is intended for certain load, compresses. The oil from the oil engine system (is not shown) begins to flow from the hydrocylinder 13 lower cavity 21 to the engine carter through the spout hole 16. When the piston 14 upper edge opens the hole 20, the oil enters only the piston 14 upper cavity 22 along the longitudinal channel 18. The oil, remaining in the cavity 21, serves as a damper cushioning the piston 14 shock. When the maximum pressure in the engine over-piston cavity begins to decrease, the load on the piston 3 and therefore on the rocker 5 and its stem 12 also reduces and the stem 12 with the piston crown 10 begins to lengthen because of the telescopic spring 24 force. The oil from the upper cavity 22 flows to the engine carter space through the spout hole 17 in the hydrocylinder 13 side wall. Then the hole 19 under the piston 14 lower edge opens and the oil fills the lower cavity 21, flowing from the engine oil system along the channel 18 with the back valve 23. When the rocker 5 piston crown 10 comes to the upper dead point, the piston 14 upper edge closes the spout hole 17. The oil, remεά-iing in the upper cavity 22, serves as a damper cushioning the piston 14 shock and provides noiseless work of the rocker-piston group. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY. The piston internal combustion engines working according to the present invention can be applied in the air, above-water power- generating plants and in the transport systems, using gaseous fuel, petrol, ligroin and nontraditional ecologically pure fuels in two - and four-stroke cycles. CLAIMS: 1. A method of the piston internal combustion engine working, which comprises: opening of the suction valve 1 into the cylinder over-piston cavity; feeding the working medium into it before the inlet valve 1 shutting off; further compressing and ignition of the working medium with its further expansion and discharge of the worked out gases, characterised in that a detonating additive is added into the working medium, but the working medium expansion is preferably carried out at its constant pressure and the over-piston cavity variable volume. 2. The piston internal combustion engine, comprising: a carter 7; a cylinder block 8; a rocker 5 of variable length, connected by its lower head 11 with a crankshaft 9 and by its upper head 10 with a piston 3, connected by a stem 12 and a hydrocylinder 13, which piston 14 is connected with the stem 12 and makes communicating by means of inlet 19, 20 and outlet 16, 17 holes the chambers 21, 22 of variable volume, filled with the fluid; a cylinder multiple head 2, having the suction 1 and exhaust 6 valves and a compensator 4; and also a gas- distributing mechanism, characterised in that the rocker 5 hydrocylinder 13 is made in crank head 11 boss, but the stem 12 is connected with the piston head 10, the inlet channel 18 has a back valve 23 and is in the hydrocylinder 13 wall parallel the rocker 5 axis, making possible communication between the hydrocylinder 13 chamber 21, 22 and the engine carter 7 space, moreover, on the

Claims: rocker 5 stem 12 there is mounted a telescopic compression spring 24 of variable rigidity, which is mounted by its lesser base on the hydrocylinder 13 end surface, but by its greater base - on the rocker 5 piston head 10 surface, and the cylinder multiple head 2 compensator 4 has the form of a cylinder 25, divided by a rigid cross partition 26 into two cavities, in the lower of which there is a piston 27, spring-loaded by a telescopic spring 28, leaning by its other end on the said rigid partition 26, moreover, the spring-loaded piston 27 is connected with the stem 29 passing through the said rigid partition 26 and connected with the hydrocylinder 31 piston 30; in one of the walls of the latter there are two spout holes 33 and in the other there is a replenishing (feeding) channel 34, communicating with the lower and upper cavities, which is limited by an additional rigid cross partition 32 on the one side and the oil system on the other side.

Inventors: SIBOV LIVIU, SIBOV MIHAI, SIBOV VASILE, SIBOV, LIVIU, SIBOV, MIHAI, SIBOV, VASILE
Applicants: SIBOV LIVIU, SIBOV MIHAI, SIBOV VASILE, SIBOV, LIVIU, SIBOV, MIHAI, SIBOV, VASILE
Application year: 1995
Main classification: F02D15
IPC codes: F01L9, F02B3, F02B19, F02B23, F02B75, F02D15, F02D19, F02F1