PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE 2-MERCAPTOBENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Abstract: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives of the general formula wherein: N = 0,2,3; R - hydrogen atom, aralkyls; R1 - lower alkyls, alkenyls, dialkylamino, a saturated amine monocyclic residue which may contain an additional heteroatom; R 2 and R 3 are equal or different and stand for hydrogen atoms, lower alkyls, alkoxy in various positions, and their phatmaceutically acceptable salts, according to the results of pharmacological research study exhibit a pronounced anxiolytic, sedative, antiischemia and antiarrhythmia effect and have certain advantages over popular clinic preparations. These can find a wide variety of application for treatment of patients suffering from various mental derangements and heart ischemia.

Description: The field of techniques. The invention is related to the new S- and N,S-substituted 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles which can be useful as the pharmaceutical agents and pharmacological compositions including these compounds. The applied compounds are the pharmacologically active drugs which possess psychotropic and cardiovascular actions depending on their structure. They can be used in medicine for the treatment of different neuropsychiatric disturbances and ischemic heart disease. The preceding level of techniques. The preparation of numerous substituted 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles possessing different biological activities is known in the literature. The first information about the activity of this series appeared in 1958 when Knobloch W. et al. [Arch.Pharmaz., 1958, 291, p.113-118] and Nakajima S. et al. [Yakugaku Zasshi, 1958, 78, p.1378-1388] described the synthesis of different 2-alkyl-, alkenyl-, aralkyl-, dialkylaminoalkylbenzimidazoles having anti-fungous activity. In the following numerous papers [Nakajima S. et al., Jap.Pat., 10978 ('61), (1961); Hideg K. et al., Brit.Pat., 1234058, (1971); Xin Tao et al., Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi, 1990, 21 (8), p.347-350; Johnson C.A. et al., Med.Chem.Rec., 1992, 2 (4), p.247-255; Onkol et al., J.Fac.Pharm.Gazz.Univ., 1992, 9 (1), p.47-57; etc.] there were discribed 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles with different substitutions in S-, N- and benzol ring possessing bacteriostatic, insecticide and anthelminthic activities. There was reported about anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antidepressant activities of different S-substituted-2-mercaptobenzimidazoles in the patent Fr.M 6283 (1968). The data about anti-inflammatory and analgetic activities of the 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives are described in papers of Seki et al. [Yakugaku Zasshi, 1962, 82, p.1620-1624], Hasegawa H. et al. [Jap.Pat., 7441198 (1974)], Aka T. et al. [Jap.Pat., 9888 ('64) (1964)], Lafon V. et al. [Ger.Offen 2246429 (1978)], Rao V., Madhusudan et al. [Indian Drugs, 1987, 24 (12), p.545-548], Lazer E.S. et al. [J.Med.Chem., 1987, 30, p.726-729]. The synthesis of 2-dialkylaminoalkylbenzimidazoles substituted in N-atom with anti-histaminic and anti-allergic properties was described by Giani R. et al. [Eur.Pat.Appl. EP334818 (1989)] and Dini S. et al. [Agents Actions, 1990, 30, p.174-177]. There have been patented many different S-substituted-2-mercaptobenzimidazoles with anti-ulcerous activity [Machinami T. et al., Eur.Pat.Appl. EP 452076 (1991); Lang H.J. et al., Eur.Pat.Appl. EP 213474 (1987); Adelstein G.W. et al., Eur.Pat.Appl. EP 204215 (1986); Okitsu M., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 62230773 (1987); Hirai K. et al., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 62331158 (1987); Okabe S. et al., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03227927 (1991); Riedel R. et al., PCT Int.Appl. WO 87/01114 (1986); Klemm K. et al., PCT Int.Appl. WO 9204898 (1992) etc.]. Some of them - omeprazol, lansoprazol are widely used in clinical practice. It was reported about synthesis of N-substituted-2-alkylthiobenzimidazoles possessing the properties of antagonists of angiotensin II and inhibitors of dopamine- β-hydroxylase in the patents of Hauel et al. [Eur.Pat.Appl. EP 502314 (1992)] and Smithkline Beckman Corp. [Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 61161267 (1986)]. There are known some papers describing the synthesis of some 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives with cardiotonic, vasodilative, anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-agglutinate properties [Osawa Y. et al., Yakugaku Zasshi, 1968, 88 (6), p.747-754; Brukshtus A.B. et al., Khimiko-Farmatcevt.Zhurnal, 1992, N 11-12, p.50-53; 1994, N 6, p.24-26; Bru-Magniez N. et al., Eur.Pat.Appl. EP 385850 (1990); Harsanyi K. et al., UK Pat.Appl. GB 217319A (1986)]. There were revealed some compounds with anti-ischemic, anti-arrhythmic and anti-hypoxant activities among synthesized 2-dialkylaminoalkylthiobenzimidazoles [Patent of Russia, 2027709 (1991)]. Some substituted 2-mercaptobenzimidaziles with butyrophenon in the 1st position are characterised by psychotropic properties including the tranquilising and neuroleptic types of activity [Sato Makoto et al., Japan Kokai 7584578 (1975); 76136674 (1976); 76146473 (1976)]. The bemityl - 2-ethylbenzimidazole hydrobromide is used in clinical practice as the psychostimulator and antihypoxant for the treatment of asthenic and asthenic-depressant disturbances according to the data of Bobkov Yu.G. et al. [Author Certificate of USSR 1251374 (1986)] and Neznamov G.G. et al. [Physiol.Active Drugs, 1993, 25, p.45-49]. According to Losinskyi M.O. et al. [Author Certificate of USSR 1259652 (1986)] the bemityl's analogue - 5-ethoxy-2-ethylthiobenzimidazole produces the stress-protective and antihypoxant activities. Plotnikov E.M. et al. [Physiol.Active Drugs, 1993, 25, p.30-34] and Ratnikov L.I. et al. [Physiol.Active Drugs, 1993, 25, p.27-29] have shown that these compounds may be used for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular disturbances and acute respiratory viral infections. Disclosure of the invention. The aplied compounds are derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole general formula where in n=0,2,3; R - hydrogen atom, aralkyls; R 1 - lower alkyls, alkenyls, dialkylamino, monocyclic saturated amino group, which can contain additional heteroatom; R 2 and R 3 - identical or different and represent hydrogen atoms, lower alkyls, alkoxy in various positions. These compounds have tranquilising activity with selective component, sedative, anti-ischaemic and anti-arrithmic activity and can be used in medicine. The aplied compounds and their pharmaceutical acceptable salts were synthesized by standart method of alkylation 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles by corresponding agents in ethanol-water medium in the presence of base (sodium hydroxide) with following treatment of obtaining oily or crystalline bases in the solution of absolute ethanol or ether with ethanolic or etherial solution of gaseous hydrogen chloride: wherein n, R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 have foregoing sense; X - atom of chlorine or bromine; m=1,2,3. Variant of the realization of the invention The reaction processes were controlled by using TLC - Silufol UV 254 or DO-Alufolien Aluminiumoxid 60 F 254 (Merk), spots were detected by uv absorbance or iodine vapor. Melting points were determined in the opened cappilaries and were not corrected. NMR spectra were recorded with AC-250 Bruker using CDCl 3 or D 2 O as solvent and tetramethylsilane as internal reference. The invention was illustrated by the following examples. Example 1 2-[2-Dimethylamino)ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzo-imidazole (I) and its dihydrochloride were synthesized as described above. The reaction of 1,94 g ( 0,010 mol) 2-mercapto-5-ethoxybenzimidazole and 1,72 g (0,012 mol) 2-(dimethylamino)ethylchloride hydrochloride in the presence of 0,9 g (0,022 mol) sodium hydroxide gave 1,9 g (72%) compound I m.p. 95-97° C (from ethanol with water). 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ), δ:1,40 (3H, t, CH 3 CH 2 O); 2,40 (6H, s, (CH 3 ) 2 N); 2,84 (2H, t, CH 2 S); 3,17 (2H, t, CH 2 N); 4,05 (2H, q, CH 3 CH 2 O); 6,82 (1H, dd, J 4,6 2,38, J 6,7 8,76, 6-H); 6,94 (1H, broad s, 4-H); 7,36 (1H, d, J 7,6 8 76, 7-H). Dihydrochloride of base I, yield 77%, m.p. 223-227° C ( with decomp., from mixture abs. ethanol with ethylacetate). Calcd for C 13 H 19 N 3 OS*2HCl: C 46,2; H 6,3; Cl 21,0; N 12,4; S 9,5. Found: C 46,4; H 6,2; Cl 20,7; N 12,2; S 9,6. Example 2 2-[2-(Diethylamino)ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenz- imidazole (II) and its dihydrochloride were synthesized as described above. The reaction of 3,9 g (0,020 mol) 2-mercapto-5- ethoxybenzimidazole and 4,4 g (0,022 mol) 2-(diethylamino)-ethylchloride hydrochloride in the presence of 1,8 g (0,044 mol) sodium hydroxide gave an oily base II from which its dihydrochloride was obtained in a yield of 4,4 g (57%), m.p. 169-171° C ( with decomp., from ethanol with ether). 1 H NMR (D 2 O), δ: 1,42 (6H, t, ( CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 N); 1,53 (3H, t, CH 3 CH 2 O); 3,44 (4H, q, (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 N); 3,68 (2H, t, CH 2 S); 3,82 (2H, t, CH 2 N); 4,19 (2H, q, CH 3 CH 2 O); 7,19 (1H, broad s, 4-H); 7,21 (1H, unresolv.d, 6-H); 7,59 (1H, d, J 7.6 9,75, 7-H). Calcd for C 15 H 23 N 3 OS*2HCl*H 2 O: C 46,9; H 7,1; Cl 18,5; N 10,9; S 8,3. Found: C 46,9; H 6,8; Cl 18,6; N 10,6; S 8,0. Example 3 2-[2-(Pyrrolidino)ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzimidazole (III) and its dihydrochloride were sythesized as described above. The reaction of 1,94 g ( 0,010 mol) 2-mercapto-5-ethoxybenzimidazole and 2,04 g (0,012 mol) 2-(pyrrolidino)ethylchloride hydrochloride in the presence of 0,9 g ( 0,022 mol) sodium hydroxide gave III as an oil, which was converted into its dihydrochloride in a yield of 2,7 g (72%), m.p. 127-130° C ( with decomp., from abs. ethanol with ether). Calcd for C 15 H 21 N 3 OS*2HCl*0,5H 2 O: C 48,3; H 6,5; Cl 19,0; N 11,3; S 8,6. Found: C 48,6; H 6,8; Cl 19,0, N 10,9; S 8,7. Example 4 2-[2-Piperidino)ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzimidazole (IV) and its dihydrochloride were synthesized as described above. The reaction of 1,94 g (0,010 mol) 2-mercapto-5-ethoxybenzimidazole and 2,21 g (0,012 mol) 2-. (piperidino)ethylchloride hydrochloride in the presence of 0,9 g (0,022 mol) sodium hydroxide gave base IV as an oil, from which its hydrochloride was prepared in a yield of 2,1 g (57%), m.p. 187-190° (with decomp., from mixture abs.ethanol with ethylacetate). Calcd for C 16 H 23 N 3 OS*2HCl*0,5H 2 O: C 49,6; H 6,8; Cl 18,3; N 10,9; S 6,2. Found: C 49,6; H 6,7; Cl 18,5; N 10,8; S 6,0. Example 5 2-[2-(Morpholino)ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzimidazole (V) and its dihydrochloride were synthesized as described above. The compound V was obtained as an oil from 2,9 g (0,015 mol) 2-mercapto-5-ethoxybenzimidazole and 3,45 g (0,018 mol) 2-(morpholino)ethylchloride hydrochloride in the presence of 1,35 g (0,033 mol) sodium hydroxide. The oil was disolved in ethylacetate, extracted by 10% solution hydrochloric acid, the layers were separated, the aqueous phase was refluxed with charcoal, was filtered and was made alkaline with the solution of sodium hydroxide. The obtained oil was extracted witn ethylacetate, washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was evaporated. The compound V was obtained in 87% yield (4 g) as an oil, 1 N NMR (CDCl 3 ), δ:1,48 (3H, t, CH 2 CH 3 ); 2,59 (4H, m, CH 2 NCH 2 of morpholine); 3,24 (2H, m, CH 2 N); 3 79 (4H, m CH 2 OCH 2 of morpholine); 4,02 (2H, q, CH 2 CH 3 ); 6,82 (1H, dd, J 4,6 2,38, J 6,7 8,77, 6-H); 7,00 (1H, broad s, 4-H); 7,41 (1H, d, J 7,6 8,77, 7-H). Calcd for C 15 H 21 N 3 O 2 S. C 58,6; H 6,9; N 13,7; S 10,4. Found: C 58,6; H 6,8; N 13,9; S 10,1. Dihydrochloride of compound V yield 91%, m.p. 191-192° C (with decomp., from ethanol with charcoal). 1 H NMR (D 2 O), δ: 1,54 (3H, t, OCH 2 CH 3 ); 3,58 (4H, ?m, CH 2 NCH 2 of morpholine); 3,74 (2H, m, CH 2 S); 3,86 (2H, m, CH 2 N); 4,12 (4H, unresolv. m, CH 2 OCH 2 of morpholine); 4,25 (2H, q, O CH 2 CH 3 ); 7,21 (1H, d, J 6,7 8,76, 6-H); 7,22 (1H, s, 4-H); 7,41 (1H, d, J 7,6 8,76 7-H). Calcd for C 15 H 21 N 3 O 2 S*2HCl. C 47,4; H 6,1; Cl 18,6; N 11,0; S 8,4. Found: C 47,3; H 6,1; Cl 18,6; N 11,0; S 8,4. The industrial usage. The results of the pharmacological study of applied compounds. For revealing an anxiolytic effect of the new compounds the measurement of locomotor activity in the "open-field" test which allows to estimate not only the expression of anxiolytic effect but also the degree of its selectivity [Seredenin S.B. et al., Bull.Exp.Biol.Med., 1979, v.88, N7, p.38; Seredenin S.B. et al., in: "Drug Dependence and Emotional Behavior", Ed. by Valdman A.V., Consult Bureau, New-York, London, 1987, p.49-77] was used. The main point of this approach consists in comparative analysis of the behavioural effects of tested compounds in two inbred strains of mice Balb/c and C57B1/6 with different hereditary types of emotional-stress reactions (ESR). The anxiolytic effect was estimated as the activation of the locomotor activity of animals with "passive" type of ESR (Balb/c mice). The main index describing the sedative properties of tested drugs was the inhibition of the locomotor activity of mice with "active" type of ESR (C57B1/6 strain). The anxioselectivity was evaluated according to coincidence of doses range which activated or inhibited the behavior of mice of different strains. Earlier this approach has been successfully used for estimation of anxioselective activity of such known drugs as phenazepam [Seredenin S.B. et al., Bull.Exp.Biol.Med., 1979, v.88, N7, p.38; Seredenin S.B. et al., Ann.Inst.Super.Sanita, 1990, v.26, N1, p.81-88], mexidol [Seredenin S.B. et al., Khimiko-Farmatsevt.Zhurnal, 1987, N2, p.134; Vironina T.A., Seredenin S.B., Ann.Inst.Super.Sanita, 1988, v.24, N3, p.461-466] and gidazepam [Seredenin S.B. et al., in: "Gidazepam", Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1992, p.92: Seredenin S.B., Blednov Yu.A., Phys.Chem.Biol.Med., 1993, v.1, N1, p.53-60]. Male C57B1/6 and Balb/c mice ("Stolbovaya" animal farm), weighing 20-22 g were used. The animals were housed in a separate animal room in groups often and maintained on 12 h light-dark cycle (light from 8.00 till 20.00) with free access to standard food and water during two weeks before experiment. Testing was performed between 9.00 and 13.00. Every used compound was administered intraperitoneally in water solutions 30 min before testing (0,1 ml solution per 10 g of weight). The "open-field" apparatus consisted of cylinder closed from one end, illuminated by four 75 W lamps fixed to the walls 100 cm above the floor. The "open-field" apparatus was 100 cm in diameter and white-painted; the floor was marked with 3 black circles and some radial lines divided the floor into 16 peripheral and 8 central segments. 30 min after injection each animal was placed in the same peripheral square on the floor for 3 min of testing after 1 min exposure in the dark chamber. The following behavior variables were recorded: 1) the number of crossings in the peripheral area (peripheral activity); 2) the number of crossings in the central segments (central activity); 3) the number of rearings (vertical activity); 4) the emotionality was measured as the number of defecations during the test. The sum of all types of locomotor activity was marked as total activity. The t-Student test was used for statistical analysis. The results obtained in screening experiments with usage of genetic models allow to divide the tested compounds into 2 groups: I. The compounds I, III and IV had neither activatory nor inhibitory effects on the behavior of mice with "passive" type of emotional-stress reaction (Balb/c strain) in "open-field" test. 2. At last, there were found some compounds II (Tab 1,2) AND IV (Tab 3,4) which were able to activate the behavior of Balb/c mice in "open-field" test in wide doses range without any changes in locomotor activity of animals with "active" type of emotional-stress reaction (C57B1/6 strain). These data indicate the presence of expressed selective tranquillising-activatory effect. The 2 compounds from earlier revealed 2 nd group (V) demonstrated more expressed anxioselective action at the first stage of experiments have been choosen for further more profound study of tranquillising effect and estimation of possible side effects. The study of anxiolytic activity of choosen compounds was carried out in the experiments with outbred male rats wheighing 180-200 g in standard conflict Vogel' procedure [Voronina T.A. et al., in: "Phenazepam", Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1982, p.89, 93, 146]. The main aim of the initial step of experiments was the training of rats to develop the feeling of thirst with following expierence of water licking from bottle in the experimental chamber. The animals were deprived of water for 24 hours and were placed in the test chamber for 5-min adaptation period during which they had free access to the drinking bottle. After another 24 h deprivation period the rats were placed again in the test chamber and were allowed to drink water for 5 sec. Immediately afterwards drinking attempts were punished by electric shock (0,5 mA). Under this collision of drinking and protective reflexes the extremal situation was developed. In this situation the anxiety of punishment prevented the licking process. The number of shocks received throughout a 5-min experimental session was recorded. In this test the control animals made from 8 to 14 attempts of punished lickings (Tab.5). The compound (V) at doses from 1 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg (i.p.) produced the anticonflict (anxiolytic) effect. It was expressed in 2-4 times enhancement of punished licking of water in comparison with control. Proceeding from results obtained in these experiments we can conclude, that the compound V possessed expressed anxiolytic properties in wide dose range. The myorelaxant activity ofchoosen compounds were studied in the outbred male mice weighing 22-25 g in rotarod test [Voronina T.A. et al., in: "Phenazepam", Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1982, p.145]. The animals were placed on the horizontal rotarod (D=2 cm) calibrated for a fixed speed of 4 rpm. According to the rotarod experimental protocol, normal motor coordination was defined by the ability of the animals to remain on the rotarod for an arbitrarily selected time of 120 sec. Data presented in Tab. 6 show that the compound V at dose range of 0.01 mg/kg - 50 mg/kg has no effect on the motor coordination. Thus, the data obtained in this test demonstrate the absence of myorelaxant activity for the used compound. The possible hypnotic effects of choosen drugs was estimated according to method of potentiation of sleep induced by sodium thiopental. The male outbred mice wheighing 20-25 g were injected i.p. with sodium thiopental at dose of 70 mg/kg. Two parameters were estimated: latent time of sleeping and duration of sleep. The used compounds were administered i.p. 30 min prior injection of sodium thiopental. Data presented in Tab.7 demonstrate that every tested drug has no effects on both the latent time of sleeping and duration of sleep (Tab.8). The acute toxicity was measured in outbred mice after per os administration of used drugs in the 1% starch suspension. The lethal doses were calculated according to Litchfield-Wilcocson' method. The LD 50 value for compound V was 1,16 g/kg (95% probability: 0,89 - 1,48 g/kg) and was very close to LD 50 for another derivative of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole known as bimityl. Thus, we can conclude that the compound V is not toxic. The effects of choosen compounds on the cardiovascular system. The pharmacological studies of salts of applied compounds were carried out in different models of ischemia and cardiac arrhythmia in comparison with the standard drugs such as dihydroxychloride 2-[2-(diethylamino)ethylthio]-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (VI) verapamil, propranolol, novocainamide, quinidine, lidocaine, bonnecor. Anti-ischemic activity. The effects of compounds on the hemodynamics and activity of intact heart were studied in cats under anesthesia. The experiments were carried out under conditions of open chest. The phase curve of aortic blood flow was the main index of cardiac activity. The compounds were administered i.v. in physiological solution. The t-Student' test was used to estimate the statistical significance. It was shown that the compound I (1,0 mg/kg), and II (0,5 mg/kg and 1,0 mg/kg) induced the expressed bradycardia which lasted for 30 min after administration. The value of double product which is the indirect index of heart oxygen consumption also diminished. It is necessary to take into account that the decrease in heart oxygen consumption is one of the main indexes of antianginal drugs [Kaverina N.V., Rozonov Y.B., Chichkanov G.G.: The modem aspects of the pharmacology of antianginal drugs, M., Meditsina, 1980, p.240]. The bradycardia induced by used compounds was accompanied by the enhancement of stroke volume. Another parameters of hemodynamics were not in fact changed (Tab.9,10). The prototype - compound VI [Saveliev V.L., Moshaeva T.Ya., Chichkanov G.G et al.: The application N 4951704/04 (1991) for patent of Russia, positive decision on 26.10.1993] also induced the expressed and long bradycardia. However, during 2-3 min after its administration the system blood pressure and mean aortic blood flow acceleration also diminished. This fact indicates the inhibition of contractile function of heart (Tab.11). The second comparative drug - verapamil also induced the bradycardia and inhibited the contractile function of the heart (Tab.12). On the contrary, the compounds I and II did not inhibited but even slightly enhanced the contractility of myocardium (the tendency toward the enhancement of this parameter appeared). The compounds III and V at doses of 0,5 mg/kg - 2,0 mg/kg produce a small and short bradycardia and have no effects on the other parameters of hemodynamics and heart activity. The compound IV has no effects on the parameters of hemodynamics and heart activity. Basing on these results the compounds I and II hane been choosen for further indepth investigation. To demonstrate of protective effect of used drugs on the ischernized myocardium it was necessary to carry out the experiments in the model of acute coronary deficiency. These experiments were conducted in cats wheighing 2,5-4,0 kg under anasthesia by i.v. injection of nembutal (40 mg/kg) in open chest conditions. Epicardium electrogram in 3-4 leads was registered in "Mingograph-81". The value of mean elevation of ST-segment during 5 min occlusions of anterior left descending coronary artery with 15 min reperfusions between them was the main index of intensity of reversible ischemized damage of myocardium. The adequacy of this model was earliar verified with propranolol, nitroglycerin and verapamil which produced the expressed anti-ischemic action [Tsorin I.B.: PhD Dissertation, M., 1985, p.148]. The statistical calculation was carried out with non-parametric Wilcocson method for associated variants. There were carried out two series of experiments 6-7 animals in each. The results obtained from these experiments have shown that the compounds I and II at a dose of 1,0 mg/kg (i.v.) decreased the mean elevation of ST-segment in multiple leads of epicardium electrogram during 5 min occlusion of coronary artery. The compound II produced the anti-ischemic effect during 40 min after its injection (Tab.13,14). The prototype VI has a similar effect in this model, but only under its permanent infusion. After bolus injection its effect was very short (Fig.1). Verapamil also improves the functional state of ischemic focus in this model but with expressed inhibition of contractility heart function [Tsorin I.B.: PhD Thesis, M., 1985, p.148]. Thus, the compounds I and II produced the anti-ischemic action, which is probably associated with the decrease in heart oxygen consumption as the result of induced bradycardia. The advantage of tested novel compounds in comparison with prototypes (compound VI and verapamil) is the induction of bradycardia without inhibition (even for a short time) of myocardium contractility function. The presented data allowed to suggest that the compounds I and II belong to the novel group of antianginal drugs - selective bradycardic agents like Falipamil (structural analogue of verapamil). The wider study of activity of the compound II has been carried out to confirm this assumption. The effects of this compound on contractile and pump functions of ischemized myocardium were studied in cats wheighing 3,0 - 4,5 kg under anesthesia with nembutal (40 mg/kg). Under open chest conditions the occlusion of anterior left descending coronary artery was carried out for 20 - 40 min and it was changed by 30-50 min reperfusion respectively. The phase curve of blood flow in ascending part of the aortic arch was recorded with electromagnetic blood flowmeter MFV-1200 ("Nihon-Kohden", Japan). Hemodynamics, heart activity values and the number of arrhythmia were calculated. In the experiments with 40 min ischemia immediately after 60 min the intact and ischemized zones of left ventricle were dissected and freezed in liquid nitrogen. ATP level was measured using hexokinase method in these zones. 4 series of experiments ( 2-control and 2-basic) were conducted in 12 cats in each. For statistical calculation the t-Student and Fisher's precision test were used. The data obtained from these experiments have shown that compound II (bolus injection at a dose of 1,0 mg/kg immediately after occlusion + 50 mcg/kg/min i.v. during 30 min) under conditions of 20 min occlusion with following 30 min reperfusion significantly prevents the inhibition of contractile function of myocardium induced by ischemic damage. The action of compound II lasted throughout the experiments while the effect of prototype VI was observable only during occlusion period and first 10 min of reperfusion. The compound II prevented the decrease in cardiac output. But the the cardiac output remained steady to less extent that is probably due to expressed bradycardia induced by these drugs (Fig.2,3). It is necessary to sterss that in control experiments different types of arrhythmia appeared very often during occlusion and reperfusion periods. The compound II decreased the number of arrhythmias which occurred under these conditions. Under critical ischemia (40 min occlusion and 60 min reperfusion of coronary artery) the compound II prevented the inhibition of contractile function of heart induced by ischemic damage of myocardium. This compound also prevented the decrease in stroke volume and had no effect on changes in cardiac output (Fig.4). Under conditions of critical and mild ischemia the compound II did not reduced the number of arrhythmias induced by occlusion and reperfusion of coronary vessel. After 40 min occlusion and 60 min reperfusion of coronary artery in ischemized myocardium the ATP level significantly declined (-46,4 ± 5,6%) when compared with intact area. The compound II increased the ATP level in the ischemized myocardium and did not change it in the intact zones. At the same time the prototype did not change the ATP level (Fig.5). Thus, the compound II under ischemia of different duration with following reperfusion prevents the inhibition of pump and contractile functions of heart. This compound increases the ATP level in the ischemized myocardium in comparison with prototype. It is well known that the classic bradycardic compounds like alinidine and falipamil demonstrate an expressed antiarrhythmic effect. In this respect it was interesting to study the effect of compound II in different models with disturbances of cardiac rhythm. Antiarrhythmic activity. Antiarrhythmic properties of applied compounds were studied in adrenaline model in concious rabbits, in calcium chloride and aconitine models in concious rats, in the model of ventricular fibrillation in anesthetized rats and in Harris's model in concious dogs. Adrenaline arrhythmia . The 0,1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride was injected to the marginal ear's vein of rabbit weighing 2,5-3,0 kg at dose ranging 120-150 mcg/kg which induced cardiac rhythm disturbances of two types. In one case immediately after injection of very high doses of adrenaline (150-160 mcg/kg) the polyfocus extrasystoles occurred and was changed by ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. In other cases the ventricular extrasystole occurred on the background of bradycardia with atrioventricular block of different extent which was transformed to polyfocus extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia in 2-3 min. In this case the bradycardia had a reflex character and developed as response to the enhancement of blood pressure induced by adrenaline. The tested compound was injected in 3 ml of distilled water 30 min after determination of arrhythmogenic dose of adrenaline and the ECG was recorded in 2nd standard lead. 2 min after administration of tested compound the arrhythmogenic dose of adrenaline was injected. The antiarrhythmic efficacy of tested compound was determined according to its ability to prevent the rabbit's death as the result of lethal ventricular fibrillation and appearence of arrhythmia. Data presented in Tab.15 show that the compound II induces the similar antiarrhythmic effect as verapamil and propranolol (antiarrhythmic agents of the 4th and 2nd classes respectively). But the antiarrhythmic effect of tested compounds was higher when compared with quinidine and lidocaine (antiarrhythmic drugs of the 1st class). Calcium chloride arrhythmia in rats. In these experiments the outbred concious rats 180-200 g of weight were injected with 10% solution of calcium chloride in tail vein at dose range of 250-300 mg/kg. Usually the ventricular fibrillation occurrs 1-2 min after injection. But sometimes immediately after injection the expressed synus bradycardia with ventricular extrasystole transforming to volley of ventricular tachycardia with final ventricular fibrillation develop. The injection of tested compound II 2 min prior calcium chloride administration prevents the death of animals as the result of lethal venricular fibrillation. The mean effective dose of the compound II was 1,0 mg/kg and this is indicative of its high antiarrhythmic activity. As to the activity of the compound II it was 50-folds and 7,5-folds higher than that of the novocainamide and lidocaine respectively. Aconitine arrhythmia . The aconitine arrhythmia was induced in concious rats wheighing 180-200 g by the injection in tail vein of the aconitine sulfate solution at dose range of 40-50 mg/kg. Mixed atrioventricular disturbances of rhythm (usually the polyfocus extrasystole) were observed. The tested compounds were administered i.v. 3 min prior aconitine injection. The ED 50 value was calculated according to Litchfield's method. The results obtained from the study in this model have shown that the compound II produced a high activity: ED 50 =1,2 mg/kg, LD 50 =31,5 mg/kg (after i.v. injection), the antiaarhythmic index (LD 50 /ED 50 )=26,2 (Tab.15). The activity of this compound was higher than that of the known antiarrhythmic drugs of the 1st class as quinidine and lidocaine in 4,4-folds and 6,5-folds respectively. The spectrum of its therapeutic action was also wider if compared with the standard drugs. The study of antifibrillartory properties of compound II in rats. The experiments were conducted in male rats wheighing 180-240 g and anesthetized with nembutal (60 mg/kg i.v.) with open chest and artificial respiration. The occlusion ofthe left coronary artery was performed 1-2 min after experiment beginning with foolowing reperfusion after 7 min. During this period time according to literature data [Krzeminski T., Grzyb J., Kurcok A., Brus R.: Pol.J.Pharmacol., 1992, 44, Suppl., p.169-170] the maximum number of ventricular fibrillations (70-100%) were registered. The ECG in the 2nd standard lead was recorded in "Mingograph-81". The number of ventricular fibrillations during occlusion and reperfusion periods, the life menacing arrhythmia (fibrillation + paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia) and total number of arrhythmias were calculated. The known antiarrhythmic drug bonnecor was used as the reference agent [Grigorieva E.K., Gorbunova V.V. in: "New antiarrhythmic drug - bonnecor (the pharmacology and clinical usage)", M., 1993, p.64-67]. The compounds were injected i.v. at the following doses: bonnecor - 1,0 mg/kg, compound II 2,0 mg/kg. The control animals were administered with the equivalent volume of physiological solution (1,0 ml/kg). 4 series of experiments were carried out in 80 rats. The results were assessed according to the method of point scale: the absence of arrhythmia - 0 point, extrasystole - 1 point, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia - 2 points, ventricular fibrillation - 3 points, fibrillation observed during the occlusion of coronary vessel - 4 points. For statistical analysis the Fisher's exact probability and Wilconson's methods were used. [Krzeminski T., Grzyb J., Kurcok A., Brus R.: Pol.J.Pharmacol., 1992, 44, Suppl., p.169-170] have shown that 7 min occlusion with following reperfusion of coronary artery in anesthetized rats produced the ventricular fibrillation (68-100 %). Defibrotide and prostacycline decreased the number of fibrillations. We have studied the antifibrillator activity of some derivatives of 2-mercaptbenzimidazole in this model with disturbances of heart rhythm. Bonnecor (1,0 mg/kg) was used as the reference drug. It is well known that this agent produces a pronounced antifibrillatory activity [Grigorieva E.K., Gorbunova V.V. in: "New antiarrhythmic drug - bonnecor (the pharmacology and clinical usage)", M., 1993, p.64-67]. The data obtained from the control experiments have shown that ventricular fibrillations were observed in 15 cases out of 24 (62,5%) and lethality hazardous arrhythmia (fibrillation + paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia) - in 22 cases (91,7%). Under these conditions bonnecor decreased the number of both the ventricular fibrillations and lethality hazardous arrhythmia. Not only the total number but thr degree of arrhythmias expression decreased (according to point scale calculations). The compound II at a dose of 2,0 mg/kg like bonnecor also reduced the number of both the ventricular fibrillations and lethality hazardous arrhythmia (Tab.16). The compound III at a dose of 1,0 mg/kg was characterised only by a trend to decrease the number of ventricular fibrillations, but it significantly reduced the number of arrhythmia hazardous for life and their manifestation degree (tab.16). Thus, the tested compounds pproduced the antifibrillatory effect. We would like to note that classic drug with bradycardic type of action - alanidine also has the antifibrillatory effect [Uprichard A.C.G., Chi J.J. et al., J.Cardiovas.Pgarmacol., 1989, 14, p.475-482]. The arrhythmia in concious dogs according to Harris. The experiments were conducted in mongrel dogs of either sex wheighing 9-14 kg. Under anesthesia (40 mg/kg of nembutal i.v.) and artificial respiration the two-step occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed. The constant ECG disturbances of the heart rhythm were recorded after 24 hours. The compound II was injected i.v. in water solutions at a dose of 2,0 mg/kg. T-Student' test was used for statistical calculation. The results obtained from these experiments have demonstrated that the compound II produced the gradual bradycardia. The antiarrhythmic effect of this drug was revealed in every used animal and continued for 50 min in spite of a high basal level of the ectopic activity. The duration of the prototype VI effect shorter (Tab.17,18). On the background of compound II effect the mild excitation was usually observed. Most probably this excitation is the main reason preventing the development of the pronounced bradycardia immediately after drug administration. Thus, the compound II produces the the pronounced antiarrhythmic effect and have no side effects in concious dogs with ventricular disturbances of heart rhythm. So, some compounds were revealed among 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives which produce the expressed bradycardia and have no effects on the other parameters of hemodynamics and heart function. This fact allows to refer these compounds to the group of specific bradycardic agents. These compounds also possess the expressed anti-ischemic and antiarrhythmic actions. Descriptions of Figures. Fig.1. The effects of the compound VI (1,0 mg/kg + 50 mcg/kg/min i.v.) on the mean value of the ST segment elavatation in the epicardiac electrogramm during 5-min occlusion of coronary artery. Ordinate axis - mean ST segment elevation in mV; absciss axis - time of the occlusion and the reperfusion of coronary artery in min. 1 - control occlusion; 2 - the occlusion immediately after beginning of compound injection; 3 - in 20 min. * - P<0,05; ^ - P<0,1 in comparison with control occlusion. Fig.2. The effects of the compound II on the pump and contractile heart function under conditions of 20-min occlusion and 30-min reperfusion of the coronary artery. Ordinate axis - changes in comparison with basal level in %; absciss axis - time of the occlusion and reperfusion in min. I - stroke volume; II - cardiac volume; III - mean accelaration of blood flow in aorta. - control; | | - compound II ú - P<0,1; * - P<0,05; ** - P<0,01 in comparison with control. Fig.3. The effects of the compound VI on the pump and contractile heart function under conditions of 20-min occlusion and 30-min reperfusion of the coronary artery. Ordinate axis - changes in comparison with basal level in %; absciss axis - time of the occlusion and reperfusion in min. I - stroke volume; II - cardiac volume; III - mean accelaration of blood flow in aorta. - control; | | - compound II u' - P<0,1; * - P<0,05; ** - P<0,01 in comparison with control. Fig.4. The effects of the compound II on the hemodynamics and heart activity under conditions of 40-min occlusion and 60-min reperfusion of the coronary artery. Ordinate axis - changes in the parameters in %; absciss axis - time of the occlusion and reperfusion in min. The curve - control; columns - compound II ^ - P<0,1; * - P<0,05; ** - P<0,01 in comparison with control. Fig.5. The effects of the compound II on the ATP level in intact and ischemized myocardium of the left ventricule of cat after 40-min ocllusion and following 60-min reperfusion of the coronary artery. | | - intact zone of myocardium from the ischemized left ventricule; - ischemized zone of myocardium. I - control; II - compound II Ordinate axis - the level of ATP in mcM/g of wheight. ** - P<0,02 in comparison with intact zone; ++ - P<0,02 in comparison with control. The effect of the compound II on the behavior of Balb/c mice in "open-field" test (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Types of activity Peripheral Central Vertical Numbers of defecation Total Control n=18 19,4± 4,1 - - 0,6±0,6 19,9± 4,1 0,1 n=8 15,1± 9,0 - - 0,1±0,1 15,1± 9,0 1,0 n=8 39,8± 7,3 * - - - 39,8± 7,3 * 5,0 n=8 44,1±10,2 * - - - 44,1±10,2 * 10,0 n=8 36,8± 5,0: * - - - 36,8±5,0 * 20,0 n=8 17,8± 5,5 - - - 17,8±5,5 n - number of animals; *, ** and *** - statistically significant from correspondent control (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively, t student test). The effect of the compound II on the behavior of C57Bl/6 mice in "open-field" test (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg): Types of activity Peripheral Central Vertical Numbers of defecation Total Control n=8 86,3±10.7 41,6±10,0 11,4±2,9 2,0±0,8 139.3±19,6 1,0 n=8 70,9±26,0 26,5± 4,3 8,1±1,6 1,0±0,7 106,8± 6,6 5,0 n=8 78,8±14,5 34,3±12,9 10,8±3,2 0,5±0,5 125,0±21,9 10,0 n=8 70,6±10,8 24,6± 8,2 11,3±2,9 1,0±0,7 106,6±18,5 Look the note in Tab.1. The effect of the compound V on the behavior of Balb/c in "open-field" test (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Types of activity Peripheral Central Vertical Numbers of defecation Total Control n=42 20,6± 1,9 0,3±0.2 0,1±0,1 1,5±0,3 21,0± 2,2 0,001 n=10 28,9± 8,8 1,6±1,6 - - 30,3± 9,4 0,01 n=9 79,8± 9,3 *** 2,6±1,4 0.9±0.6 3,1±0,6 * 83,2±11,3 *** 0,05 n=8 37,1± 6,7 * - - 2,0±0,8 37,1±6.7 * 0,1 n=10 70,6±10,6 *** 3,1±2,1 * - 2,4±0.7 73,7±12,7 *** 0,5 n=10 77,6±14,2 *** 2,9±1,5 - 1,6±0,8 80,5±15,7 *** 1,0 n=10 66,3±11.1 *** 0.5±0,3 - 2,8±0.9 66,8±11.4 *** 5,0 n=10 43,0± 4,4 *** 2,3±1,5 - 0,8±0.5 45,3± 5,9 * 10,0 n=10 54,8± 8,3 *** 0.9±0.3 - 2,0±0,7 55,7± 8,6 *** 30,0 n=8 50,5± 7,9 *** 1,1±0.7 0,1±0,1 1,5±1.4 51,7±8.7 *** 50,0 n=14 11,0± 1,6 *** - - 1,6±0.5 11,0± 1.6 *** Look the note in Tab.1. The effect of the compound V on the behavior of C57Bl/6 in "open-field" test (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Types of activities Periferal Central Vertical Number of defecations Total Control n=17 85,1±4,3 23,6±4,8 18,8±2,6 2,0±0,8 127,5±11,7 0,1 n=8 92,9±5,4 18,3±1,9 12,5±1,1 1,3±0,3 123,6± 8,4 1,0 n=8 86,6±4,3 20,4± 2,3 16.5±1,8 0,5±0,5 123,5±8,4 10,0 n=8 86,6±10,9 36,0± 4,9 17,6±3,2 0,6±0,6 140,2±19,0 20,0 n=8 86,4±4,0 23,4±4,9 17,4±2,7 1.8±0.6 127,2±11,6 30,0 n=8 53,0± 5,7 *** 26,3±10,2 8,3±1,6 ** 0.1±0.1 * 87,9±17,5 * 50,0 n=8 67,1±11,9 13,9±5,3 9,1±2,6 * 0.5±0,3 90,1±19,8 Look the note to Tab.1. The effect of the compound V on the the behavior of rats in conflict Vogel test (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Compounds V Control 8.3 ± 1.5 n=12 1.0 15.3 ± 3.4 n=8 * 5.0 19.0 ± 2.5 n=11 ** 10.0 15.4 ± 2.5 n=11 * 20.0 28.0 ± 5.8 n=12 ** Look the note in Tab.1. The effects of the compound V on the time of remaining on the rotarod (sec) (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Compounds V Control 120.0 + 0 n=16 0.01 120.0 + 0 n=12 0.1 120.0 + 0 n=12 1.0 120.0 + 0 n=12 5.0 120.0 + 0 n=12 10.0 120.0 + 0 n=12 20.0 118.8 + 1.6 n=12 50.0 111.3 + 7.5 n=12 Look the note in Tab.1. The effect of the compound V on the latent time of sleep (sec) in mice after administration of sodium thiopental (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Compounds V Control 1.89+0.19 n=18 0.01 1.86 + 0.27 n=8 0.1 1.94 + 0.18 n=8 0.5 - 1.0 2.78 + 0.17 n=9 * 5.0 2.21 + 0.17 n=9 10.0 2.28+0.24 n=9 Look the note in Tab.1. The effect of the compounds V on the duration of sleep (min) in mice after administration of sodium thiopental (M ± m x ). Doses (mg/kg) Compounds V Control 102.9±14.9 n=18 0.01 76.4±16.7 n=8 0.1 54.5± 9.9 n=8 * 0.5 - 1.0 67.9± 4.3 n=9 * 5.0 71.7±14.6 n=9 10.0 92.4± 9.9 n=9 Look the note in Tab.1. The effect of the compounds II and bonnecor on the incidence of ventricular fibrillations and lethality hazardous arrhythmia during 7-min occlusion with following reperfusion of coronary artery. Compound Number of animals Number of VF Number of LHA Total numbers of arrhyt. Severity of arrhythmias (in points) Control 24 15 22 24 66 Bonnecor 1,0 mg/kg 18 6* 12* 16 36* Compound II 2 mg/kg 20 4* 12* 17^ 32** ^ p≤0,1; * p≤0,05; ** p≤0.01 - in comparison to control VF - ventricular fibrillations LHA - lethality hazardous arrhythmia (VF+paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia)

Claims: The derivative of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole of the general formula as follows : Wherein: R1 is dimethylamino, diethylamino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino or 4-methyl pyperazino Compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein C 2 H 5 O- is in position 5 Compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein R1=N-(CH 3 ) 2 Compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein R1=N-(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein R1=morpholino Compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein R1=4-methyl pyperazino A pharmaceutical composition containing as the active ingredient therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to anyone of claims 1-6. The compounds according to anyone of claims 1-6 for their use as a medicament. The compounds according to claim 8 for their use as a medicament, having anxiolytic, sedative, anti-ischemic and antiarrhitmic properties.

Inventors: BLEDNOV YURI ALEXEEVICH, CHICHKANOV GENNADY GEORGIEVICH, KAVERINA NATALIA VENIAMINOVNA, KIRSANOVA GALINA YURIEVNA, MOZHAEVA TATYANA YAKOVLEVNA, NEZNAMOV GRIGORY GEORGIEVICH, ORLOVA ELEONORA KONSTANTINOVNA, RAGIMOV KHAGANI SABIR OGLY, SAVELIEV VLADIMIR LEONIDOVICH, SEREDENIN SERGEI BORISOVICH, TSORIN IOSIF BORISOVICH, YARKOVA MILADA ALNORDOVNA, BLEDNOV, YURI ALEXEEVICH, CHICHKANOV, GENNADY GEORGIEVICH, KAVERINA, NATALIA VENIAMINOVNA, KIRSANOVA, GALINA YURIEVNA, MOZHAEVA, TATYANA YAKOVLEVNA, NEZNAMOV, GRIGORY GEORGIEVICH, ORLOVA, ELEONORA KONSTANTINOVNA, RAGIMOV, KHAGANI SABIR OGLY, SAVELIEV, VLADIMIR LEONIDOVICH, SEREDENIN, SERGEI BORISOVICH, TSORIN, IOSIF BORISOVICH, YARKOVA, MILADA ALNORDOVNA
Applicants: NII FARMAKOL AKAD MED, NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY INSTITUT FARMAKOLOGII AKADEMII MEDITSINSKIKH NAUK
Application year: 1995
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: C07D235, A61P25, A61K31, A61P9