Implement linkage, draft force sensing, arrangement

Abstract: An arrangement for sensing the draft force on a linkage such as a tractor three-point linkage comprises a backplate (12) with flexible webs (16) extending from it. Depending from the webs (16) are spurs (18) which, at their lower end, join each other and form a rearwardly extending member (24). A bore (15) extends through the backplate (12) and rearwardly extending member (24), in which a force sensing pin (30) is received. The bracket may be made from a single casting.

Description: The invention relates to an implement linkage draft force sensing arrangement. That is an arrangement for measuring the tensile and compressive forces applied to the the implement linkage during use. It is particularly suitable for use on the top-link of a tractor three-point linkage but is more widely applicable. Implements are almost universally connected to the rear of agricultural tractors by means of a three-point linkage which is raised and lowered hydraulically. Some form of draft force sensing is included in the system in order that the linkage can be controlled in response to the measured draft force. The draft force may be sensed either on both lower-links of the three-point linkage or on the single top-link. The simplest systems use mechanical connections to control the hydraulics, however, in recent years these have been largely superseded by electrical sensors and control electronics. It is well known in the industry to measure the draft force using two electrical sensing pins, one for each lower link of a three-point linkage. The forces measured by the two pins vary widely as lateral forces are applied to the implement and therefore the linkage is controlled in response to the average. Such systems, however, suffer from the disadvantage that they use two sensing pins, as these are expensive, and additional processing is required. As mentioned above, it is also known in the industry to measure draft force applied to the single top-link of the three-point linkage. It has been proposed to do so directly by using a sensing pin as a spindle to articulate the top-link on the tractor. This suffers from the disadvantages that it is difficult to demount the upper arm, the pin experiences high wear and is exposed to high forces requiring it to be of large diameter. An alternative top-link system is described in French Patent No. 89 12181 (publication no. 2 636 497). The top-link is articulated on the tractor by a rocker which is attached to the tractor at both ends by means of spindles forming bearing axes. One of the spindles takes the form of a well known electrical draft force sensing pin. However, this system still suffers from the following disadvantage. Practical engineering tolerances mean that the holes in the rocker will not be perfectly aligned with the corresponding holes in the tractor frame, so that static forces on the pins are unpredictable. It is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved implement linkage draft force sensing arrangement. The present invention therefore provides an implement linkage draft force sensing arrangement as set out in Claim 1. The arrangement provides the advantage that draft sensing is provided with only a single sensing pin thus keeping costs down further. Additionally the sensing pin is located completely within the bracket in a location where it is not used as a spindle at a bearing axis and thus is well protected and less likely to suffer wear or accidental damage. A further significant advantage of the arrangement is that the force sensed by the draft sensing pin is substantially proportional to the force in the top link and furthermore is not affected by internal stresses within the bracket or by the unpredictable forces resulting from machining tolerances. In a preferred embodiment of the arrangement the bracket is formed from a single piece metal casting with minimal subsequent machining. In such an embodiment the bracket is simple and cheap to construct. Slots in the preferred embodiment separate the parts of the bracket through which the said parts of the bore extend. These may be integrally cast or machined in the casting. In the former case, means are provided for aligning the parts of the bracket through which the bore extends. It is clearly important that the parts of the bore are aligned, so that the sensing pin is not subjected to unpredictable stresses resulting from misalignment. The alignment means can comprise a portion of the spur projecting out from behind the backplate. Pressing the backplate against a flat surface forces the spur to move slightly against the biassing influence of the webs. This may be done when the bore is drilled initially and then, when the bracket is mounted on a flat surface, in use, the parts of the bore will be aligned. Preferably the arrangement also incorporates a means by which the draft sensing pin is retained in the correct location and at the correct alignment so that it senses substantially only the top-link forces along a chosen line of action. Depending on the application for which the bracket is designed a suitable line of action may be horizontal or at an angle from horizontal of between five and forty-five degrees, twenty and forty degress, or twenty-five and thirty-five degrees, e.g. fifteen degrees from horizontal or thirty degrees from horizontal. "Horizontal" of course refers to horizontal when the arrangement is mounted on a tractor on level ground. One embodiment of the present invention, particularly designed for use with the top-link of a tractor three-point linkage, will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a rear view of an top-link bracket for attachment to the tractor; Figure 2 shows a plan view of the bracket of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a side view of the bracket of Figure 1; Figure 4 shows a section through the bracket of Figure 1 along the line A-A; Figure 5 shows a section through the bracket of Figure 1 along the line B-B; Figure 6 shows a section through the bracket of Figure 1 along the line C-C, and Figure 7 shows a draft force sensing pin, of known sort, for use with the bracket of Figure 1. Referring to each of Figures 1 to 6, a top-link bracket 10 for attachment to the tractor consists of a single piece metal casting. The bracket 10 has a back plate 12 with eight bolt holes 14 through its thickness for bolting it to the tractor (not shown). Adjacent to the lower edge of the backplate 12, across the width of the backplate perpendicular to the bolt holes 14, are lateral portions 15a of a bore 15 for receiving an electrical draft force sensing pin (see Figure 7). In addition, a small bore 13 is located adjacent and parallel to the bottom bolt hole 14a on the righthand side of the backplate and intersecting with the righthand lateral portion 15a of the bore 15 as shown most clearly in Figure 4. Adjacent to the upper edge of the back plate 12 two substantially horizontal webs 16 extend outwards from the backplate supporting two outwardly and downwardly projecting spurs 18. The webs 16 have the effect of joining the spurs 18 to the backplate 12, whilst still permitting a small degree of relative movement in the vertical plane through their torsional flexibility. The spurs 18 have upper and lower pairs of holes 20, 22 respectively, either of which may be used for attachment of the top-link of a three-point linkage. At their lower ends the spurs 18 turn inwards towards the backplate 12 and come together to form a single central extension 24 through which passes the central portion 15b of the bore 15. When the bracket 10 is cast the central extension 24 is continuous with the lower edge of the backplate 12 and thus the central portion 15b of the bore 15 is continuous with the lateral portions 15a. However, after casting and subsequent machining of the bore 15 to appropriate tolerances, two slots 26 are machined in the casting such that the central extension 24 is separated from the lower edge of the backplate and central portion 15b of the bore 15 is no longer continuous with the lateral portions 15a. Alternatively, the bracket can be cast with the two slots already in place. In this event, it can be provided with a raised portion on the rear of the casting at the central bore portion 15b. This raised portion is then accurately machined to be coplanar with the remainder of the back of the casting or to project slightly. The casting is then held against a flat surface whilst the bore 15 is drilled, ensuring alignment between the parts of the bore. When the bracket is mounted on a flat surface, e.g. on a tractor, the parts of the bore will also be aligned. Unpredictable stresses on the pin due to misalignment are thereby avoided. Figure 7 shows a known form of draft force sensing pin 30 which when used with the bracket 10 is located within the bore 15 with its signal cable 32 protruding from the right hand side of the bore as viewed in Figure 1. The sensing pin 30 has three flat surfaces 34 formed on its surface adjacent to the end to which the signal cable 32 is connected. The sensing pin 30 is retained in the correct location within the bore 15, and prevented from rotation, by insertion of a retaining pin (not shown), which has a flat surface, into the small bore 13 such that the flat surface on the retaining pin engages with one of the flat surfaces 34 on the sensing pin 30. The sensitivity of the sensing pin 30 varies with the direction from which the force is exerted. Therefore, in order to obtain as even a response from the pin as possible it is located at such an orientation that substantially only the horizontal components of forces are measured. In order to achieve this most accurately for the upper top-link attachment hole 20 the pin should be located at an angle of 26 degrees to the horizontal, and for the lower hole 22 at an angle of 32 degrees. In use, however, it would be a considerable disadvantage to have to relocate the sensing pin 30 when changing the top-link attachment and a compromise angle of 30 degrees is used and provides very acceptable results. The location of the small bore 13 relative to the bolt hole 14a is thus selected to provide the angle of 30 degrees provided that the flat on the retaining pin is engaged with the correct one of the three flats 34 on the sensing pin. In use with the bracket 10 bolted to a tractor, the top-link attached to either of the pairs of attachment holes 20, 22 and with an implement attached to the linkage the arrangement operates as follows. As forces are applied to the implement, and thus to the linkage, the webs 16 of the bracket 10 flex and thus forces are applied to the sensing pin 30 located in the bore 15. The pin 30 operates as is well known and the control of the implement linkage in response to the measured forces is not part of the invention and will not be described here, but it may be in one of the known manners or otherwise. The bracket is shown in Figures 1 to 6 with the flexible webs 16 towards the top and the bore 15 in which the pin 30 is located towards the bottom. When used with the top-link of a tractor three-point linkage this is particularly advantageous for the following reasons. In general when using heavy implements the top-link is attached by means of the upper pair of holes 20 and when using light implements it is attached by means of the lower pair of holes 22. Thus for heavy implements the top-link is attached closer to the pin than for light implements providing greater sensitivity for the light implements as is preferable. In the prior art this is not the case with the top-link being attached closer to the pin for heavy implements than for light implements thus providing greater sensitivity for the heavy implements than for the light ones. However, in other situations when it is appropriate the bracket 10, or other similarly designed brackets, may be used with the flexible webs towards the bottom and the bore in which the sensing pin is located towards the top. Any orientation of the bracket may be adopted as appropriate for the situation in which the arrangement is to be used. Further, other designs of bracket may be made which still employ the same principle of operation. For instance, the two webs 16 may be replace by one or more webs of an alternative design provided that the design has sufficient flexibility to permit sufficient relative movement in the vertical plane. The bracket may also be formed in a different manner. For instance the two slots 26 may be included in the original casting rather than machined later and a lower cross piece incorporated in the back plate to make it more rigid.

Claims: An implement linkage draft force sensing arrangement comprising a bracket (10) and a sensing pin (30) characterised in that the bracket (10) comprises a backplate (12) or attachment to a vehicle or machine, one or more flexible webs (16) extending from the backplate and one or more spurs (18) extending from the web or webs, the spur or spurs (18) having means (20,22) for attaching a linkage thereto, the bracket (10) having a bore (15) extending therethrough, part (15a) of the bore extending through the backplate (12) and part (15b) of the bore extending through the spur or spurs (18), the bore (15) having the sensing pin (30) received in it. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the bracket (10) is formed from a single casting. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the parts (15a. 15b) of the bore (15) are separated from each other by slots (26) machined in the bracket (10). An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the parts (15a, 15b) of the bore (15) are separated from each other by slots (26) which have been integrally cast into the bracket(10). An arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the bracket (10) includes means for aligning the parts of the bracket through which the parts (15a, 15b) of the bore (15) extend. An arrangement as claimed in claim 5 wherein the means for aligning the said parts of the bracket (10) comprise a distal portion (24) of the spur or spurs (18)which projects out of the plane of a face of the backplate (12) opposed to the face from which the webs (16) extend, whereby when the bracket (10) is placed with the said opposed face of the backplate (12) against a flat surface, the projecting distal portion (24) of the spur or spurs (18) is depressed against a biasing force exerted by the said flexible web or webs(16). An arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim including retaining means (13, 34) for retaining the sensing pin (30) at a given angular orientation in the bore (15). A tractor fitted with an implement linkage draft force sensing arrangement as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the sensing pin is directionally sensitive to force and the pin is oriented in the bore to sense force at an angle of between five degrees and forty-five degrees to the horizontal, preferably between twenty degrees and forty degrees to the horizontal, more preferably between twenty-five degrees and thirty five degrees to the horizontal when the tractor is on level ground in its conventional orientation. A tractor fitted with an arrangement as claimed in any of claims 1-7, or as claimed in claim 8, wherein the means for attaching a linkage to the spur or spurs enables the linkage to be attached at one of two or more positions, the positions being vertically spaced when the tractor is on level ground in its conventional orientation.

Inventors: BENNETT JOHN SEBASTIAN, BENNETT, JOHN SEBASTIAN
Applicants: MASSEY FERGUSON LTD, MASSEY FERGUSON LIMITED
Application year: 1995
Main classification: A01B63
IPC codes: A01B63, G01L5