Flame spraying burner

Abstract: A flame spraying burner (1) melts or partially melts with combustion heat, a spray material comprising a powdered fire-resisting material to thermally spray a damaged portion of a furnace wall or the like. The flame spraying burner (1) includes a burner nozzle body having a central passage (3) for supplying oxygen-contained gas, the central passage having a projecting leading end (3A), and a plurality of fuel gas supply passages (4) formed around the central passage (3). Each of the plurality of fuel gas supply passages (4) has a leading end (4A) recessed from the leading end (3A) of the central passage (3). A cylindrical burner tile (8) is positioned around the leading end of the fuel gas supply passages (4A) and extends to at least the leading end (3A) of the central passage (3). A plurality of oxygen jetting ports (5) are formed in the radial direction around the leading end (3A) of the nozzle cap (7).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a burner for thermally spraying molten or half molten fire-resisting material in the form of powder on to a damaged portion of a wall of an industrial furnace or a wall of a container to repair the damaged portion. More particularly this invention is directed to a burner that is satisfactorily usable in a narrow space. 2. Related Art The inner wall of an industrial furnace (such as, for example, a coke oven, a converter or a degasification chamber) used, for example, in a steel manufacturing plant, accommodates molten material, such as, for example, molten iron, molten steel, slag or coal for dry distillation. The inner wall of the furnace is usually subjected to temperatures not lower than 1,000°C. In particular, the temperature of the inner wall changes significantly when the molten material is injected, stored or discharged. Therefore, damage to the inner wall occurs such as, for example, cracks or separation. In addition, fusing damage due to infiltration of the molten material can occur. A so-called wet blast repair method has been conventionally used in an attempt to repair the inner wall. In the wet blast repair method, a slurry-like fire-resisting material is blasted onto the inner wall by a carrier gas. To improve the efficiency of the repair operation, a so-called dry thermal spray repair method has conventionally been widely employed in recent years. In the dry thermal spray repair method, a repair material is sprayed in a hot state on to a damaged portion of a fire-resisting portion. The dry thermal spray repair method usually includes the steps of mixing combustible material with a powdered fire-resisting material, supplying a combustion-enhancing gas to generate a combustion flame, using the heat of the flame to melt or partially melt the fire-resisting material, and rapidly spraying the fire-resisting material onto the damaged portion of the inner wall. Therefore, the dry thermal spray repair method has advantages over the conventional wet blast repair method. The sprayed fire-resisting material is able to maintain its fire-resisting quality when it is sprayed. Additionally, the lifetime of the repaired portion is superior to the repair lifetime realized by the conventional wet blast repair method. However, since the dry thermal spray repair method includes the step of spraying the completely or partially melted powdered fire-resisting material, a burner is an essential element of this method. Therefore, the burner must have a predetermined characteristic such that the fuel gas and powder are uniformly distributed as they are sprayed. The shape of the flame must be controlled to meet the object of the repair, and the burner must have a long lifetime. In recent years, burners of the following type have been intensely studied. Several burners are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. 55-111861, Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. 56-118763, Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. 59-60178, Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model No. 59-58058, Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model No. 59-58059, Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model No. 61-13299 and Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model No. 61-13300. A typical example of these conventional burners, particularly the burner disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. 59-60178, is shown in Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings. In Fig. 8, a fuel and spray material supply passage 23 is formed on the central axis of the burner. A cavity 22 having the form of a right circular frustoconical polyhedron is formed in front of the supply passage 23. A plurality of combustion-enhancing, gas jetting-out ports 24 is formed in the cavity 22. An annular combustion-enhancing gas supply passage 33 is formed around the fuel and spray material supply passage 23. The combustion-enhancing gas supply passage 33 communicates with the combustion-enhancing gas jetting-out ports 24. A water-cooling jacket 18 is positioned at an outermost portion of the burner around the combustion-enhancing gas supply passage 33. The conventional burners disclosed in the other above-identified references have similar structures. Each of these burners has a structure such that a fuel and spray material supply passage or a spray material supply passage is formed in the central portion of the burner. The combustion-enhancing gas supply passage is formed around the supply passage, or, alternately, the fuel gas supply passage and the combustion-enhancing gas supply passage are individually formed around the supply passage. The combustion-enhancing gas and the fuel gas are connected, through passage pipes or jetting-out ports, to the supply passage 23 formed in the central portion of the burner. Each of the passage pipes or jetting-out ports makes an angle  2 with the supply passage 23. When the above-described conventional burners are used to repair a narrow space in, for example, an immersion pipe for degasification, or the wall of a coke oven, several problems arise. First, the flame length is limited to a very short length of, for example, about 200 mm to 300 mm. In order to decrease the velocity at which the sprayed powdered fire-resisting material collides with the interior wall and to prevent rebound loss of the sprayed material, the flame of the burner must be widened. Therefore, the burner must meet strict conditions. However, when the flame length of the burner is shortened by enlarging the angle  of each port through which oxygen is inwardly discharged from outside, the combustion point cannot be stabilized. If an appropriate angle  at which the flame is stable is selected, the flame lengthens excessively, to 300 mm or longer. Furthermore, when oxygen is inwardly supplied from outside of the fuel gas passage, an elongated and jetting type flame is inevitably formed. This raises the collision velocity of the sprayed material at the furnace wall. Thus, excessive rebound loss of the sprayed material cannot be prevented. Although this conventional burner is suitable when used in a wide space, it cannot be satisfactorily used in a narrow space. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention therefore provides a burner capable of generating a short, hot and wide flame. This invention further provides a flame spraying burner for use in an industrial furnace that exhibits an excellent efficiency and a satisfactory operation efficiency. EP-A-0103515 describes a flame spraying burner for heating a spray material comprising a powdered refractory material with combustion heat. The burner comprises a central passage for supplying oxygen and a plurality of passages formed around the central passage for fuel gas and powdered refractory material. The central passage has a permanently closed leading end and includes a plurality of ports, at locations spaced from the closed leading end, for jetting oxygen in a radial direction. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flame spraying burner for at least partially melting a spray material comprising a powdered fire-resisting material with combustion heat to thermally spray a damaged portion of an inner wall with the at least partially melted spray material, the flame spraying burner comprising: a burner nozzle body having: a central passage for supplying oxygen-containing gas and having a closed leading end, a plurality of fuel gas supply passages formed around the central passage, and a plurality of oxygen-jetting ports to jet out oxygen-containing gas from the central passage in a radial direction, characterised in that each of the plurality of fuel gas supply passages has a leading end recessed from the leading end of the central passage, the oxygen jetting ports are formed in a nozzle cap closing the leading end of the central passage, and a cylindrical burner tile is positioned around the leading ends of the fuel gas supply passages. According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a flame spraying burner for at least partially melting a spray material comprising a powdered fire-resisting material with combustion heat to thermally spray a damaged portion of an inner wall with the at least partially melted spray material, the flame spraying burner comprising: a burner nozzle body having: a central passage for supplying oxygen-containing gas and having a closed leading end, a plurality of fuel gas supply passages formed around the central passage, and a plurality of oxygen-jetting ports to jet out oxygen-containing gas from the central passage in a radial direction characterised in that each of the plurality of fuel gas supply passages has a leading end recessed from the leading end of the central passage, the oxygen-jetting ports are formed in a nozzle cap closing the leading end of the central passage, second oxygen-jetting ports are formed at the leading end of said nozzle cap, and a cylindrical burner tile is positioned around the leading ends of the fuel gas supply passages. In a preferred embodiment, the cylindrical burner tile extends to at least the leading end of the central passage. Preferably the oxygen jetting ports are located circumferentially around the leading end of the central passage. The nozzle cap at the leading end of the central passage may be detachable. Therefore the length and width of the flame can be easily changed by merely changing the nozzle cap. As a result, a short, hot and wide flame can be formed. The presence of the second oxygen-jetting ports facilitates the formation of a stable combustion flame regardless of the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel gas. Thus, the deposition efficiency with respect to the repair portion can be improved. Since the burner of this invention enables the jetted fuel gas to be supplied with oxygen over all cross sections, generation of hot spots due to local combustion is prevented. Furthermore, clogging of the burner, caused by the fire-resisting material melting within the burner, can be prevented. Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will be appear more fully from the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals designate like elements and wherein: Fig. 1A is a side cross sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of the burner of this invention; Fig. 1B is a front plan view of the first preferred embodiment of the burner; Fig. 2A shows a front plan view of a second preferred embodiment of the burner of this invention; Fig. 2B is a side cross sectional view of the second preferred embodiment of the burner; Fig. 3A shows the relationship between the flame shape, the density of the material as it is sprayed from the nozzles, and the angle  2 of the second oxygen-jetting ports when  2 is large; Fig. 3B shows the relationship between the flame shape and  2 when  2 is small; Fig. 4A shows a single port structure for the second oxygen-jetting ports; Fig. 4B shows a first multi-port structure for the second oxygen-jetting ports; Fig. 4C shows a second multi-port structure for the second oxygen-jetting ports; Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the concentration of uncombusted gas and the distance from the nozzle for a burner of this invention and a conventional burner; Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the flame temperature and the distance from the nozzle for the burner of this invention and a conventional burner; Fig. 7 shows the relationship between  1 , the distance from the nozzles and the shapes of the flames formed by a conventional burner and a burner of this invention; and Fig. 8 shows the conventional burner. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1A is a side cross sectional view and Fig. 1B is a front plan view of a first preferred embodiment of a burner 1. The burner 1 includes a burner nozzle body 2. The burner nozzle body 2 includes a central passage 3 and a plurality of fuel-gas supply passage 4. The central passage 3 supplies an oxygen-containing gas 9. The fuel-gas supply passages 4 are formed circumferentially around the central passage 3. The leading end 4A of each fuel-gas supply passage is recessed or set back relative to the leading end 3A of the central passage 3. The fuel-gas supply passages 4 supply a fuel gas 10 and fire-resisting powder 11. Preferably, the burner nozzle body 2 is an integrally-molded body, and the body 2 is preferably formed from ceramics or a fire-resisting alloy material. Alternatively, the body 2 may be formed from a plurality of tubular members. The leading end 3A of the central passage 3 projects beyond the passages 4 and is closed by a nozzle cap 7. A plurality of first oxygen-jetting ports 5 are formed in the nozzle cap 7 for jetting out the oxygen-containing gas 9 radially from the central passage 3 into the nozzle cavity 12 of a burner tile 8. The nozzle cap 7 and the outer end portion of leading end 3A of the central passage 3 are threaded to allow the nozzle cap 7 to be easily attached and detached from the leading end 3A of the central passage 3. The cylindrical burner tile 8 is positioned around the leading ends 4A of the passages 4. The burner tile 8 has a length extending beyond at least the end 3A of the central passage 3. The fuel gas 10 and the fire-resisting powder 11 are jetted out from the leading ends 4A of the supply passages 4 into the nozzle cavity 12. The fuel gas 10 and the fire-resisting powder 11 flow along an inner wall 12A of the nozzle cavity 12 of the burner tile 8 toward a damaged portion of the wall of a furnace or the like to be repaired. The oxygen-containing gas 9, which is a combustion-enhancing gas, is supplied through the central passage 3 of the burner nozzle body 2. The oxygen-containing gas 9 is jetted out through the first oxygen-jetting ports 5 in a radial direction. Thus, the oxygen-containing gas 9 traverses the nozzle cavity 12, in which the fuel gas 10 and the fire-resisting powder 11 are present, and collides with the inner wall 12A of the burner tile 8. As a result, the fuel gas 10 is surrounded by the oxygen-containing gas 9, such that the gases 9 and 10 are uniformly mixed with each other. In this first preferred embodiment, the number of oxygen-jetting ports 5 for supplying the oxygen-containing gas 9 is not particularly limited. However it is preferable that the number of oxygen-jetting ports 5 be equal to the number of supply passages 4. Furthermore, the oxygen-jetting ports 5 are preferably formed at intermediate positions between the positions of the adjacent passages 4 for supplying the fuel gas 10, as shown in Fig. 1B. When the oxygen-containing gas 9 is discharged through the oxygen-jetting ports 5 and collides with the inner wall 12A of the burner tile 8, the oxygen-containing gas 9 is efficiently mixed with the fuel gas 10 discharged from the supply passages 4. Furthermore, since the mixture is enhanced in the circumferential direction, a short flame can be formed. Therefore, the burner 1 has a significant advantage in heating and dissolving substances when a short flame is required. Furthermore, by mixing the fire-resisting powder 11, which can include a metal powder, with the fuel gas 10, the burner 1 can be satisfactorily used to repair a fire-resisting portion by the thermal spray method when performed in a narrow space. Additionally, the mixing of the fire-resisting powder 11 or the like with the fuel gas 10 can be performed in a region between a hopper and the leading ends 4A of the passages 4 by known means. Therefore, the structure for mixing has been omitted from the illustration. When the burner 1 is used in a repair operation by thermally spraying the fire-resisting material 11, the collision velocity of the fire-resisting material 11 with a damaged portion of the furnace wall or the like can be decreased and the rebound loss of the sprayed material can be reduced by changing the flame from a thin shape to a wide shape. In this first preferred embodiment of the burner 1, the oxygen jetting ports 5, while extending radially from the central passage 3 to the cavity 12, make an angle  1 with the longitudinal axis A of the burner 1. The burner 1 enables the flame shape to be arbitrarily changed by changing the angle  1 of each of the oxygen-jetting ports 5. When  1 = 45°, the widest flame is formed, and when  1 = 90°, a thin flame can be formed. Specifically, a variety of nozzle caps 7, each having a different angle  1 , can be easily attached and detached from the leading end 3A of the central passage 3. Accordingly, the burner 1 can be adapted based on the location where the burner 1 is to be used. The angle  1 is limited to the range of from 45° to 90°. When the angle  1 is smaller than 45°, the burner tile 8 must be lengthened excessively. This prevents the burner from being insertable into a narrow space to perform the thermal spray. When the angle  1 is greater than 90°, counterflow of the oxygen-containing gas 9 back into the passages 4 occurs, and the flame cannot be stabilized. In the second preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 2A and 2B, the nozzle cap 7 is provided with second oxygen-jetting ports 6 for jetting out the oxygen-containing gas 9 into the fuel flame. A plurality of the first oxygen-jetting ports 5 is formed in the nozzle cap 7. A plurality of the second oxygen-jetting ports 6 is formed in the nozzle cap 7. The nozzle cap 7 and the outer end portion of the leading end 3A of the central passage 3 are threaded to allow the nozzle cap 7 to be easily attached and detached from the leading end 3A of the central passage 3. By supplying the oxygen-containing gas 9 through the second oxygen-jetting ports 6, the shape of the combustion flame and the jetting angle of the molten fire-resisting material 11 can be adjusted. When the jet flow of the combustion flame and the fire-resisting material 11 is intended to be wide, the oxygen-jetting ports 6 are formed to make an angle  2 of nearly 90° with the longitudinal axis A of the central passage 3. This is shown in Fig. 3A. When the jet flow 13 is intended to be narrow, the second oxygen-jetting ports 6 are formed substantially parallel to the central passage 3 (i.e.  2 is small), as shown in Fig. 3B. A variety of structures for the second oxygen-jetting ports 6 is shown in Figs. 4A-4C. By adjusting the number of the second oxygen-jetting ports 6, the burner 1 can easily be adapted for specific repairs. For example, where the fire-resisting substance has to cover a wide damaged area, an arrangement as shown in Fig. 3A is employed. The nozzle cap 7 can be changed to repair areas with only local damage. Thus, the thermal spray repair on varying amounts of damage can be efficiently performed. Furthermore, the following experiments confirm that adjusting the flow rate of oxygen colliding with the inner wall 12A of the burner tile 8 and the flow rate of oxygen directly supplied to the combustion flame by changing the opening area ratio of the nozzle will lengthen the lifetime of the burner 1. The burner 1 was subjected to thermal spray tests in such a manner that the ratio of the flow rates was varied. The results are shown in Table 1. As can be understood from Table 1, when the flow rate ratio of the collision oxygen, i.e. the ratio of the oxygen which is supplied through the first oxygen-jetting ports 5 and which collides with the inner wall 12A of the burner tile 8, to the direct oxygen, i.e. the oxygen directly supplied through the second oxygen-jetting ports 6, is 1:1, the ratio of mixture with fuel gas (propane) 3 is lowered. This ratio is obtained when the percentage of the total opening area, i.e. the sum of the areas of the first and second oxygen-jetting ports, which is provided to the first oxygen-jetting ports 5, i.e. collision-oxygen, is 50%. Therefore, the flame is excessively lengthened for use in the burner. When the ratio of the quantity of collision oxygen to direct oxygen is larger than 100:1 (the collision oxygen opening area percentage is 99%), the leading end 3A of the central passage 3 is made red-hot, and the spray material 11 adheres to the leading end 3A and the nozzle cap 7. Therefore, the burner 1 cannot be used for a long time. As a result, it is preferable, in this invention, that the collision oxygen opening area percentage, i.e. the area of the first oxygen-jetting ports 5, be between 50% to 99% of the total area for all of the first and Second oxygen-jetting ports 5 and 6. Numerous gases can be used as the fuel gas 10, such as, for example, natural gas, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, or hydrocarbon gases, including propane or butane. The spray material is a fire-resisting material 11 in the form of powder, such as magnesia, silica, alumina or dolomite. The metal powder portion of the fire-resisting material 11 can include silicon, aluminum or magnesium. The oxygen-containing gas (the combustion-enhancing gas) can be air, as well as a gas containing a higher concentration of oxygen, or pure oxygen. An evaluation of flame lengths is shown in Fig. 5. An evaluation of temperature distribution is shown in Fig. 6. Figs. 5 and 6 graph the results of measured temperatures in the flame and the quantity of the uncombusted fuel gas 10 attained with the conventional burner 20, shown in Fig. 8 and burner 1 having  = 45°. The total quantities of uncombusted components (CO, CH4, C m H m and H 2 ) in the overall exhaust gas from combustion were plotted as the uncombusted gas. As Fig. 5 shows, the uncombusted gas disappears in the conventional burner only at a point 400 mm distant from the leading end of the nozzle. In burner 1, the uncombusted gas completely disappeared at a position only 150 mm from the leading end 3A of the nozzle. Thus, it can be understood that the flame length was shortened considerably. The highest temperature of the flame was attained in each burner at the point at which the uncombusted gas disappeared, and is shown in Fig. 6. Since the flame of the burner 1 was shorter than that of the conventional burner 20, the spread of the radiation could be restricted. Thus, the highest temperature obtainable by the burner 1 was higher than that of the conventional burner 20 by about 100°C. As a result, efficient mixture and combustion of the fuel gas 10 and the oxygen-containing gas 9 can be achieved. An evaluation of the shapes of the flames is shown in Fig. 7. Table 2 lists the spray deposition efficiency realized when the burner 1 is used to repair a fire-resisting substance by thermal spray. Fig. 7 graphically shows the results of observations of flame shapes performed where a fire-resisting wall was positioned 200 mm from the leading end 3A of each nozzle. As shown in Fig. 7, the conventional burner 20 formed a sharp flame 13 because oxygen was supplied from outside. This produces a considerably high collision velocity of the flame toward the wall of 100 m/s. On the other hand, the flame shape from the burner 1 was changed considerably by changing the angle  1 . This lowered the collision velocity to 30 m/s when the angle  1 was 90°. When the angle  1 was 45°, the collision velocity was further lowered to 10 m/s. The deposition efficiencies in spraying the spray material from the conventional burner 20 and from burner 1 are shown in Table 2. As shown by Table 2, the burner 1 reduced the flame length and lowered the collision velocity toward the fire-resisting wall, so that the rebound loss of the spray material was reduced. Thus, the deposition efficiency was significantly improved. The burner 1 was used to repair a damaged portion of a fire-resisting portion of a coke oven under the conditions shown in Table 3. The burner 1 included, as shown in Fig. 1A, a nozzle body 2 having a columnar member (having an outer diameter of 80 mm and a length of 3000 mm) made of SUS 310, four supply passages 4, each having a diameter of 10 mm, and one central passage 3 having an inner diameter of 15 mm. The cylindrical burner tile 8 had an inner diameter of 60 mm and a length of 20 mm and was made of SUS 310. The nozzle cap 7 was attached to the leading end 3A of the central passage 3. The nozzle cap 7 had four vertical second oxygen-jetting ports 6, each having a diameter of 9 mm and eight first oxygen-jetting ports 5, having a diameter of 2 mm and making an angle  2 of 45° with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle. The ratio of the flow rate of oxygen flowing toward the burner tile 8 and oxygen flowing toward the other portions was adjusted such that the opening area ratio of the two types of oxygen-jetting ports was 10:1. The burner 1 was compared with the conventional burner 20 disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. 59-60178 and shown in Fig. 8. The resulting deposition efficiency (deposition yield), strength of the deposited layer, and deposition of the spray material onto the nozzle are shown in Table 4. The desired value for the deposition strength is at least 250 kg/cm 2 . As shown in Table 4, the burner 1 had improved deposition efficiency of the spray material, greater strength of the deposited layer, and no deposition of the spray material on the burner 1. As described above, the burner 1 attained several advantages over the conventional burner 20. A short flame could be formed. Therefore, a thermal spray of the fire-resisting powder could easily be produced even in a narrow space, such as a coke oven, in which the conventional technology has encountered difficulty. The deposition efficiency of the spray material was improved by the hot and wide flame. A significant deposition efficiency of the spray material could be realized, and a stronger sprayed layer could be formed. Furthermore, the lifetime of the nozzle could be increased.

Claims: A flame spraying burner for at least partially melting a spray material comprising a powdered fire-resisting material with combustion heat to thermally spray a damaged portion of an inner wall with the at least partially melted spray material, the flame spraying burner comprising: a burner nozzle body (2) having: a central passage (3) for supplying oxygen-containing gas and having a closed leading end (3A), a plurality of fuel gas supply passages (4) formed around the central passage, and a plurality of oxygen-jetting ports to jet out oxygen-containing gas from the central passage in a radial direction, characterised in that each of the plurality of fuel gas supply passages has a leading end recessed from the leading end of the central passage, the oxygen jetting ports (5) are formed in a nozzle cap (7) closing the leading end of the central passage and a cylindrical burner tile (8) is positioned around the leading ends of the fuel gas supply passages. A flame spraying burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the oxygen-jetting ports is formed at an angle of from 45° to 90° to the longitudinal axis (A) of the central passage. A flame spraying burner as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the nozzle cap is detachable from the leading end of the central passage. A flame spraying burner for at least partially melting a spray material comprising a powdered fire-resisting material with combustion heat to thermally spray a damaged portion of an inner wall with the at least partially melted spray material, the flame spraying burner comprising: a burner nozzle body (2) having: a central passage (3) for supplying oxygen-containing gas and having a closed leading end (3A), a plurality of fuel gas supply passages (4) formed around the central passage and, a plurality of oxygen-jetting ports to jet out oxygen-containing gas from the central passage in a radial direction characterised in that each of the plurality of fuel gas supply passages has a leading end (4A) recessed from the leading end of the central passage, the oxygen-jetting ports (5) are formed in a nozzle cap (7) closing the leading end of the central passage, second oxygen-jetting ports (6) are formed at the leading end of said nozzle cap, and a cylindrical burner tile (8) is positioned around the leading ends of the fuel gas supply passages. A flame spraying burner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the nozzle cap is detachable from the leading end portion of said central passage. A flame spraying burner as claimed in claim 4 or 5 wherein the opening area ratio of the first-mentioned oxygen-jetting ports is 50% to 99% of that of all the oxygen-jetting ports. A flame spraying burner as claimed in claim 4, 5 or 6 wherein the first-mentioned oxygen-jetting ports have a point symmetry configuration relative to the axis (A) of said burner. A flame spraying burner as claimed in claim 4, 5, 6, or 7 wherein each of the first-mentioned oxygen-jetting ports is located between adjacent second oxygen-jetting ports.

Inventors: ISHIBASHI GENICHI, MATSUDA KEIJI, NAKASHIMA HIROYUKI, SATO KUNIAKI, SHIMIZU SATOSHI, WATANABE SEIJI, ISHIBASHI, GENICHI, MATSUDA, KEIJI, NAKASHIMA, HIROYUKI, SATO, KUNIAKI, SHIMIZU, SATOSHI, WATANABE, SEIJI, ISHIBASHI, GENICHI, C/O CHIBA WORKS, Matsuda, Keiji, c/o Chiba Works, Nakashima, Hiroyuki, c/o Chiba Works, SATO, KUNIAKI, C/O CHIBA WORKS, Shimizu, Satoshi, c/o Chiba Works, Watanabe, Seiji, Iron &amp; Steel Res.Lab.
Applicants: KAWASAKI STEEL CO, KAWASAKI STEEL CORPORATION
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B05B7
IPC codes: F23D14, B05B7