Cleaning device for a fixing unit

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaning device (13) for a fixing unit (10) which is capable of fixing the image produced for example by an electric photocopier on a support. The fixing unit is formed by a fuser assembly (20), in contact with which there moves a film (14) that is rolled up in a ring configuration to form an endless belt. This is set in motion by an entrainment roller (15) which transmits a drive torque to the belt. The cleaning device (13) removes contaminating particles from the external surface of the entrainment roller (15) in order to keep constant in respect of time the coefficient of friction as between the belt and the entrainment roller.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cleaning device for a fixing unit capable of fixing an image produced for example by an electric photocopier or the like on a support essentially formed by a fuser assembly, in contact with which there moves a film that is rolled up in a ring configuration to form an endless belt which is set in motion by an entrainment roller which transmits a drive torque to the film by means of the friction between its external surface and the internal surface of the film with which it is in contact, and more particularly a cleaning device capable of removing contaminating particles from the external surface of the entrainment roller, keeping it clean for the purposes of maintaining constant in respect of time the coefficient of friction as between the film and the entrainment roller. A fixing unit is known in the current state of the art, which is formed by: a fuser assembly comprising a support of heat-resistant resin to which there is fixed a heating element formed by an alumina base on which a resistance means is deposited using the thick-film procedure; a film of heat-resistant material which is rolled up in a ring configuration to form an endless belt which moves in contact with the heating element and which is wrapped around two rotatable rollers of which one constitutes the entrainment roller and the other which rotates idly constitutes a tensioning roller; and a pressure roller which applies a pressure between the support on which the image to be fixed is formed and the fuser assembly, by way of the film. The entrainment roller transmits a drive torque to the belt to make it move by means of the frictional force between its external surface and the internal surface of the belt with which it is in contact; that frictional force depends on the tension of the belt, the angle through which it is wrapped around the entrainment roller and the coefficient of friction between the two materials constituting the external surface of the entrainment roller and the internal surface of the belt. The movement of the film is opposed substantially by a resistant torque generated by the frictional force between the internal surface of the belt and the external surface of the heating element. Various systems are known in the current state of the art for reducing the latter frictional force and to keep it low for as long as possible, for example by depositing a layer of amorphous carbon like diamond on the external surface of the heating element, as described in Italian patent application No TO93A000952. However those arrangements are not sufficient to guarantee that the fixing unit enjoys a long service life; in fact, with use, the abrasion effect caused by the belt rubbing against the fuser group generates minute particles of the materials which make up the surfaces that are in contact, which particles, being transported by the belt, are deposited and accumulate on the external surface of the entrainment roller, with the effect of reducing the coefficient of friction between the external surface of the entrainment roller and the internal surface of the belt, finally causing the belt to slip with respect to the entrainment roller and resulting in it consequently coming to a stop. It is also known, by the Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. no. 314(P-412), 10 December 1985 & JP-A-60 144779, a cleaning device suitable for being used in a photocopier and composed by a brush having a support and a multiplicity of bristles fixed on the support. The brush of the cleaning device is provided for keeping always clean the surface of a main drum supporting and driving a belt-shaped photosensitive body. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a device which, without maintenance intervention operations, provides for removing the contaminating particles from the external surface of the entrainment roller, keeping it clean and thus making the coefficient of friction as between the entrainment roller and the belt substantially constant for the entire life of the fixing unit. The invention is defined with more precision in the appended claims to which references should now be made. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS This and other features of the invention will be more clearly apparent from the following description of the new cleaning device for a fixing unit and a preferred embodiment thereof which is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 diagrammatically shows a view in cross-section of a fixing unit which uses the cleaning device embodying to the invention; and Figure 2 illustrates the constitution of the cleaning device when applied to the entrainment roller in Figure 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Figure 1 diagrammatically shows a fixing unit 10 formed by a fuser assembly 20 and a film of heat-resistant material which is rolled up in the form of an endless belt 14 which is rotatable about a motor-driven entrainment roller 15 and an idle tensioning roller 16. A pressure roller 22 which is external to the belt 14 applies a pressure between the fuser assembly 20 and the belt 14. The fuser assembly 20 is formed by a rigid carrier 26, for example of metal, to which a support 28 of heat-resistant resin is secured; fixed on the support 28 is a heating element 30 formed by an alumina base 32 on which a resistor 33 is deposited by means of the "thick-film" procedure, which resistor 33 can heat up to a temperature of about 250°C when it is supplied with a current generated by an electrical power source which is external to the fusion unit. The surface 30a of the heating element 30 in contact with the film 14 is protected by an anti-friction and anti-wear layer 35 formed for example by glass or by amorphous carbon in the form of diamond or by both deposited in succession. The entrainment roller 15 is formed by a core 15a of steel which is covered by a rubber layer 15b while the tensioning roller 16 is entirely of steel and is connected to earth at 9 to remove the electrostatic charges which may be generated on an internal surface 14a of the belt 14. The pressure roller 22 which is disposed at a position corresponding to the fuser assembly 20 and externally to the belt 14 is formed by a core 23 of steel which is covered by a thick layer 24 of rubber with high characteristics in regard to resilience (for example silicone rubber), which is capable of deforming under the action of a force applied by means (not shown in the drawing) thereby to form a compressed contact zone "L". When a support 12 carrying an electrostatic image developed with toner 25 and entrained by the belt 14 is caused to pass between the pressure roller 22 and the fuser assembly 20, the toner 25 melts under the combined action of the pressure and the heat transmitted from the heating element 30 through the belt 14 and the fused toner 25', on cooling down, permanently adheres to the support 12. As described hereinbefore the belt 14 is caused to rotate by the entrainment roller 15 by means of the frictional force which exists between an external surface 17 of the rubber layer 15b covering the entrainment roller 15 and the internal surface 14a of the belt 14. Various materials are known in the state of the art, which are capable of providing a high coefficient of friction, for example the internal surface 14a of the belt 14 is made of polyamide resin and the rubber layer 15b is made of silicone rubber, so that at the beginning of operation of the fixing unit 10 the belt 14 is entrained without slipping with respect to the roller 15. With use however a multiplicity of contaminating particles are formed and deposited on the external surface 17 of the entrainment roller 15, progressively reducing the coefficient of friction between the belt 14 and the roller 15. These are formed primarily because of the rubbing action as between the internal surface 14a of the belt 14 and the protective layer 35 of the fuser assembly 20, and the consequent abrasion. These may also be paper powder and particles of toner which are formed as a result of the movement through the fixing unit 10 of the supports 12 which are mainly formed by pre-cut sheets of paper carrying an image developed with toner 25 which has not yet fused. The effect of the reduction is increased by the simultaneous increase in the frictional force as between the film 14 and the fuser assembly 20 due to progressive deterioration in the anti-wear and anti-friction layer 35, which is caused by the above-mentioned abrasion effect. This finally results in slippage of the belt 14 with respect to the entrainment roller 15, with the consequence that the belt 14 stops and the fixing unit 10 is rendered inoperable. In order to counteract the above-described reduction in the coefficient of friction, in this embodiment of the invention use is made of a cleaning device 13 in the form of a small brush which is fixed to a rigid support 11 and which extends in parallel relationship with the entrainment roller 15, being disposed inside the belt 14 in such a way as to be in contact over its entire length with the external surface 17 along a generatrix of the entrainment roller 15. The cleaning device 13 is formed by a support fabric or cloth 13a and a plurality of hairs or bristles 13b which are in part rigid and in part flexible, wherein the rigid bristles 13b' (see Figure 2) have the task of removing all the contaminating particles which are deposited on the external surface 17 and the flexible bristles 13b'' have the task of retaining and collecting the contaminating particles, in order to keep the coefficient of friction as between the entrainment roller 15 and the belt 14 substantially constant in respect of time without the need to carry out maintenance operations to re-clean or replace the cleaning device 13 during the service life of the fixing unit 10. In order effectively to impart the above-mentioned capabilities to the cleaning device 13, both the characteristics of the materials used to form the support fabric 13a and the bristles 13b, and the geometrical arrangement of the bristles 13b, assume relevant importance. In experiments carried out by the inventors the best results were obtained with a cleaning device 13 in which: the bristles 13b are 5-6 mm in height and cover a width of 10-15 mm for a length equal to that of the entrainment roller 15; the support fabric 13a is formed by a warp of cotton with a yarn of 59 Tex with a density of 16 threads/cm and a weft of rayon/viscose with a yarn of 42 Tex with a density of 14 threads/cm. The preferred range for the density of the warp is between 10 and 30 threads/cm and for the density of the wreft is between 5 and 25 threads/cm. The preferred range of weight for the cotton yarn is between 20 and 120 Tex and for the rayon/viscose yarn is between 10 and 100 Tex; the flexible bristles 13b'' are formed by a yarn of polyamide (trade name KEVLAR, registered trademark of Dupont) of 126 Tex formed by 750 elementary filaments, but may be in the range 200 to 1500 filaments of 50 to 500 Tex; the rigid bristles 13b' are formed by a yarn of polyester of 15.7 Tex formed by a single filament of a diameter of 0.12 mm. The rigid bristles may be formed by 1 to 10 filaments of 5 to 50 Tex. As is known the Tex is a unit of measurement used in the textile industry to measure the fineness of fibre expressed by the weight in grams of 1000 m of thread (specific weight). In addition the geometrical arrangement of the bristles 13b which is found to be more effective on the basis of the experiments carried out by the inventors is that shown in Figure 2 in which: the flexible bristles 13b'' of polyamide are disposed in 5 rows respectively indicated by the letters A, C, E, G and I and extending in parallel relationship with the entrainment roller 15 and with the interposition of 4 rows of rigid bristles 13b' of polyester which are respectively indicated by the letters B, D, F and H. Preferably there are from 2 to 20 rows of flexible bristles and from 1 to 20 rows of rigid bristles; the first and last rows of flexible bristles 13b'' which are respectively indicated by the letters A and I are made up of tufts 13c which are staggered relative to each other alternately in the direction of rotation of the entrainment roller 15 and which each involve a density of 14 tufts/cm and preferably between 5 and 30 tufts/cm, (in Figure 2 a portion of width 1 cm of the brush 13 is indicated by the letter "1"); the remaining rows of flexible bristles 13b'' which are respectively indicated by the letters C, E and G are made up of aligned tufts 13c spaced by empty gaps, each involve a density of 7 tufts/cm and preferably between 3 and 15 tufts/cm and are disposed in such a way that rows successively form a chessboard-like design; and the rows of rigid bristles 13b' which are respectively indicated by the letters B, D, F and H are formed by pairs of tufts 13c which are staggered alternately relative to each other in the direction of rotation of the entrainment roller 15 and each involve a density of 28 tufts/cm and preferably between 10 and 50 tufts/cm. The term tuft 13c, as is known, is used to denote a portion of thread which is inserted into the support cloth and bent in half onto itself in such a way as to present its two ends in side-by-side relationship and projecting from the same part with respect to the support cloth and constituting two distinct individual threads. In that way 49 tufts 13c of polyamide and 112 tufts 13C of polyester are fixed in total on the portion "1" (see Figure 2) of the support cloth 13a and disposed facing each transverse line such as for example that indicated by the letter "r" are 7 individual flexible bristles 13b" of polyamide and 16 individual rigid bristles 13b' of polyester.

Claims: A cleaning device (13) for a fixing unit (10), which device is capable of removing contaminating particles from a surface of an entrainment roller (15) which imparts motion to a belt (14) for transporting an image support (12) through the fixing unit, said cleaning device being formed by a brush (13) comprising a support (13a) and a multiplicity of bristles fixed to said support, characterised in that said multiplicity of bristles is subdivided in a first multiplicity of rigid bristles (13b') and in a second multiplicity of flexible bristles (13b") provided respectively for being rigid and for being flexible, when they are in contact with the entrainment roller, whereby said rigid bristles (13b') are capable of removing said contaminating particles and said flexible bristles (13b") are capable of retaining the contaminating particles. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 1 further characterised in that the bristles of said first and second multiplicities are produced using a yarn of synthetic fibres, in which the yarn used for said rigid bristles is of a first material and the yarn used for the flexible bristles is of a second material which is different from the first material. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 2 further characterised in that the first material is formed from a polyester resin and that the second material is formed from a polyamide resin. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 3 wherein the yams of polyamide resin and polyester resin coinprise a multiplicity of elementary filaments, characterised in that the yarn of polyamide resin is formed by a number of the elementary filaments of between 200 and 1500 and that the yarn of polyester resin is formed by a number of the elementary filaments of between 1 and 10. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 3 wherein said yarn of polyamide resin is of a specific weight of between 50 and 500 Tex and the yarn of polyester resin is of a specific weight of between 5 and 50 Tex. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 1 further characterised in that the rigid bristles and the flexible bristles are fixed to the support in such a way as to form rows (A, B, C, .......) which are parallel to each other and to the entrainment roller. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 6 further characterised in that the rows comprise rows of the flexible bristles which are disposed alternately with rows of the rigid bristles. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 7 further characterised in that the rows of the flexible bristles are between 2 and 20 in number and that the rows of the rigid bristles are between 1 and 20 in number. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 7 wherein the support (13a) is formed by a cloth and the rigid bristles are inserted into the support cloth in such a way as to form a multiplicity of tufts, further characterised in that the rows of the rigid bristles are formed by pairs of tufts disposed with continuity and staggered alternately relative to each other in a direction of rotation of the entrainment roller and each involve a density of between 10 and 50 tufts/cm. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 7 wherein the support (13a) is formed by a cloth and the flexible bristles are inserted into the support cloth in such a way as to form a multiplicity of tufts, further characterised in that the rows of flexible bristles are formed by tufts which are disposed in such a way that within each of the rows the tufts are spaced by empty gaps, the rows then being disposed in a chessboard-like design, and each involve a density of between 3 and 15 tufts/cm. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 7 wherein the support (13a) is formed by a cloth and the flexible bristles are inserted in the support cloth in such a way as to form a multiplicity of tufts, further characterised in that the rows of flexible bristles are formed by the tufts which are disposed with continuity and staggered relative to each other alternately in the direction of rotation of the entrainment roller and each involve a density of between 5 and 30 tufts/cm. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 7 wherein the support (13a) is formed by a cloth and the flexible bristles are inserted in the support cloth in such a way as to form a multiplicity of tufts, further characterised in that the rows of flexible bristles are subdivided into a first and a second part, wherein the rows of flexible bristles belonging to the first part are formed by tufts which are disposed in such a way that within each of the rows the tufts are spaced by empty gaps, the rows then being disposed in a chessboard-like design, and each involving a density of between 3 and 15 tufts/cm; and wherein the rows of flexible bristles belonging to the second part are formed by tufts which are disposed with continuity and staggered relative to each other alternately in the direction of rotatlon of the entrainment roller, and each involve a density of between 5 and 30 tufts/cm. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the support (13a) is formed by a cloth formed by a weft of threads disposed in a first direction, which weft is interwoven with a warp of threads disposed in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, characterised in that the threads of the weft are formed by a yarn of rayon/viscose and that the threads of the warp are formed by a cotton yarn. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 13 further characterised in that the weft is of a density of between 5 and 25 threads/cm and the warp is of a density of between 10 and 30 threads/cm. A cleaning device as set forth in claim 13 further characterised in that the yarn of rayon/viscose is of a specific weight of between 10 and 100 Tex and that the cotton yarn is of a specific weight of between 20 and 120 Tex.

Inventors: ROSSO LUCIANO, SARACENO ANTONIO, ROSSO, LUCIANO, SARACENO, ANTONIO
Applicants: OLIVETTI CANON IND SPA, OLIVETTI-CANON INDUSTRIALE S.P.A.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: G03G15