Liquid crystalline compound, liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element

Abstract: A liquid crystalline compound having a high elastic constant ratio (K33/K11) and an immproved solubility thereof in other liquid crystal materials, have the formula:- (1) : wherein Q represents -CF₃, -CF₂H or -CFH₂; A₁, A₂ and A₃ each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring may be replaced by F, Cℓ or CN, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group or a 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; ring B represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be replaced at its lateral position by groups L, and L₂ noted below; Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ each independently represent a covalent bond or a group -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -OCO-, -COO-, -CH₂O-, -OCH₂-, -(CH₂)₂- or -(CH₂)₄-; ℓ and m each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 to 5; o and p each independently represent 0 or 1; L1 and L2 each independently represent H, F or Cℓ; and L3 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, -CN, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH₂, -OCF3, -OCF₂H, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl group [wherein optional non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH₂-) in the alkyl group or the alkenyl group may each independently be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-].

Description: This invention relates to a liquid crystalline compound and a liquid crystal composition. More particularly, it relates to a novel liquid crystalline compound containing a fluorine-substituted alkenyl group, a lqiuid crystal composition containing the same and a liquid crystal display element constituted by using the liquid crystal composition. Display elements using liquid crystalline compounds have been broadly utilized for watches, electronic calculators, word processors, etc. These display elements utilize optical anisotropy, dielectric anisotropy, etc. Liquid crystal phases include nematic liquid crystal phase, smectic liquid crystal phase and cholesteric liquid crystal phase, but display elements utilizing nematic liquid crystal phase have been most broadly utilized. Further, the display modes include dynamic scattering (DS) mode, deformation of aligned phases (DAP) mode, guest-host (GH) mode, twisted nematic (TN) mode, supertwisted nematic (STN) mode, thin film transistor (TFT) mode, etc., but current mainstreams thereof are three modes of TN, STN and TFT. Among these, STN mode has been broadly used since it is collectively superior in the aspects of many characteristics such as display capacity, response speed, viewing angle, graduation property, etc., for liquid crystal display of simple matrix mode drive. Liquid crystalline compounds used for thsese display modes should exhibit liquid crystal phases within a broad temperature range around room temperature, have a sufficient stability under conditions where the display elements are used and also have sufficient characteristics for driving the display elements, but at present, no single liquid crystalline compound satisfying these conditions has been found. Thus, it is the practical status that several kinds to several tens kinds of liquid crystalline compounds and if necessary, non-liquid crystalline compounds, have been blended to prepare liquid crystalline compounds furnished with required characteristics. These liquid crystal compositions are required to be stable to moisture, light, heat and air which are usually present under conditions where the display elements are used, and also stable to electric field or electromagnetic irradiation and moreover chemically stable to the blended compounds. Further, it is required for the liquid crystal compositions that values of various physical properties such as optical anisotropy value (Δn), dielectric anisotropy value (Δε), etc. are suitable, depending upon display mode and the shape of the display elements. Further, it is important for the respective components in the liquid crystal compositions to have good solubilities in each other. Further, for the liquid crystalline compounds used for STN type display mode, it has been regarded as advantageous that the value of elastic constant ratio K 33 /K 11 (K 33 : bend elastic constant and K 11 : splay elastic constant) is large (see M. Akatuka et al: Proc. of Japan Display, 86 (1989), 388). When the elastic constant ratio K 33 /K 11 is made higher, change in the transmittance in the vicinity of threshold voltage becomes steep so that a display element of high contrast is obtained. As compounds having a higher elastic constant ratio of K 33 /K 11 , those having an alkenyl group on a side chain have been generally known (for example, see Japanese patent application laid-open No. Sho 61-83136, Japanese patent application laid-open No. Hei 1-151531, Japanese patent application laid-open No. Hei 1-157925, Japanese patent application No. Hei 2-104582, Japanese patent application laid-open No. Hei 3-223223, Japanese patent publication No. Hei 3-3643, Japanese patent application laid-open No. Hei 4-226929, Japanese patent application laid-open No. Hei 4-230352, Japanese patent publication No. Hei 4-30382, etc.). However, these compounds have a problem of being inferior in the solubility in liquid crystal compositions at low temperatures. Further, as compounds having a similar structure to that of the compound of the present invention, compounds disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 5183587 have been known. However, these compounds have a problem of being far inferior in the heat stability. Thus, development of a liquid crystalline compound having a high elastic constant K 33 / 11 , a superior heat stability and an improved solubility at low temperatures has been long waited for. EP-A 480217 and PCT/WO 90/13610 describe mesogenic compounds with a terminal trifluromethyl group. DE-A 4,211,694 describes liquid crystal compounds which may have a terminal perfluroalkyl group. PCT/ WO 92/21734 describes liquid crystal vinyl compounds which may have a terminal trifluromethyl group. DE-A 4,222,371 describes liquid crystal compounds with a general formula including the possibility of a terminal CF 3 or CHF 2 group. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystalline compound having overcome the drawbacks of the above prior art, and particularly having a high elastic constant ratio K 33 /K 11 and an improved solubility at low temperatures, a liquid crystal composition containing the same and a liquid crystal display element constructed by using the liquid crystal composition. Means for Solving the above Problem The invention claimed for patent in the present application is as follows in the numbered paragraphs: 1. A liquid crystalline compound expressed by the formula (1) wherein Q represents CF 2 H or CFH 2 ; A 1 , A 2 and A 3 each independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-phenylene group wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on its six-membered ring may be replaced by F, Cℓ or CN, pyridine-2,5-diyl group or 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be replaced at its lateral position; Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent covalent bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -OCO-, -COO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -(CH 2 ) 2 - or -(CH 2 ) 4 -; ℓ and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5; o and p each independently represent 0 or 1; L 1 and L 2 each independently represent H, F or Cℓ; and L 3 represents a halogen atom, CN, CF 3 , CF 2 H, CFH 2 , OCF 3 , OCF 2 H, H, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms (wherein optional methylene groups (-CH 2 -) in the alkyl group or the alkenyl group each independently may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-, but two or more methylene groups should not be continuedly replaced. 2. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 1 wherein Q represents CFH 2 . 3. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 1, wherein Q represents CF 2 H. 4. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 2 wherein ℓ represents 1 or 2; m and o each represent 0; p represents 0 or 1; Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent covalent bond or -(CH 2 ) 2 -; and ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group whose lateral site can be replaced. 5. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 2 wherein ℓ represents 1 or 2; m and o represent 0; p represents 0 or 1; Z 2 and Z 3 each represent covalent bond or -(CH 2 ) 2 -; and ring B represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. 6. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 5 wherein L 3 represents a halogen atom, CN, CF 3 , CF 2 H, CFH 2 , OCF 3 or OCF 2 H. 7. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 5, wherein L 3 represents H, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms (wherein optional methylene groups (-CH 2 -) in the alkyl group or the alkenyl group each independently may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-, but two or more methylene groups should not be continuedly replaced). 8. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 6, wherein L 3 represents a halogen atom, CN, CF 3 , CF 2 H, CFH 2 , OCF 3 or OCF 2 H. 9. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 6, wherein L 3 represents H, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms (wherein optional methylene groups (-CH 2 -) in the alkyl group or the alkenyl group each independently may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-, but two or more methylene groups should not be continuedly replaced). 10. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 7, wherein p represents 0; Z 3 represents covalent bond; and A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. 11. A liquid crystalline compound according to paragraph 7, wherein p represents 1; Z 2 and Z 3 each represent covalent bond; A 2 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group. 12. A liquid crystal composition containing at least one kind of liquid crystalline compounds set forth in any one of paragraph 1 to 12. 13. A liquid crystal composition containing as a first component, at least one kind of the liquid crystalline compounds set forth in any one of paragraph 1 to 12, and also containing as a second component, at least one compound chosen from those expressed by the following formulas (2), (3) or (4): wherein R 1 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; Y represents F, Cℓ, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCF 2 H or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; L 4 , L 5 , L 6 and L 7 each independently represent H or F; Z 4 and Z 5 each independently represent -(CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH=CH or covalent bond; ring D represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group; a represents 1 or 2; and b represents 0 or 1. 14. A liquid crystal composition containing as a first component, at least one kind of liquid crystalline compounds set forth in any one of paragraphs 1 to 12, and also containing as a second component, at least one compound chosen from those expressed by the following formulas (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9): wherein R 2 represents F, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms wherein optional methylene groups (-CH 2 -) may be replaced by oxygen atom (-O-), but two or more methylene groups should not be continuedly replaced by oxygen atom; Z 6 represents -(CH 2 ) 2 -, -COO- or covalent bond; L 8 and L 9 each independently represent H or F; E represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-phenylene group or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group; ring G represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group; and c and d each independently represent 0 or 1, wherein R 3 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; L 10 represents H or F; and e represents 0 or 1, wherein R 4 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; I represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group; L 11 represents H or F; Z 7 represents -COO- or covalent bond; Z 8 represents -COO- or -C≡C-; and f and g each independently represent 0 or 1, R 5 -J - Z 9 -K - R 6 wherein R 5 and R 6 each independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an alkoxymethyl group of each 1 to 10 carbon atoms; J represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-phenylene group or 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; K represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group; and Z 9 represents -C≡C-, -COO-, -(CH 2 ) 2 - or covalent bond, wherein R 7 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group of each 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 8 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; wherein optional methylene groups (-CH 2 -) may be replaced by oxygen atom (-O-), but two or more methylene groups should not be continuedly replaced by oxygen atom; M represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; rings N and P each independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group; Z 10 represents -COO-, -(CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH=CH- or covalent bond; Z 11 represents -C≡C-, -COO- or covalent bond; h represents 0 or 1; and L 12 represents H or F. 15. A liquid crystal composition containing as a first component, at least one kind of liquid crystalline compounds set forth in any one of paragraphs 1 to 12, and also containing as a second component, at least one compound chosen from those expressed by the formulas (2), (3) and (4) set forth in paragraph 14, and further containing as another second component, at least one compound chosen from those expressed by the formulas (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9) set forth in paragraph 15. 16. A liquid crystal display element constituted by using a liquid crystal composition set forth in any one of paragraphs 13 to 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The liquid crystalline compounds expressed by the formula (I) of the present invention are characterized by having a fluoroalkenyl group in their molecules. These liquid crystalline compounds particularly have a high elastic constant ratio K 33 /K 11 and a good solubility in liquid crystal compositions even at low temperatures. Further, these liquid crystalline compounds have a physically and chemically sufficient stability under conditions where display elements are usually used, and further, can be derived into those having desired physical values by suitably choosing the six-membered ring, substituent or bonding group among the molecule-constituting elements. Thus, when the compounds of the present invention are used as components of liquid crystal compositions, it is possible to provide novel liquid crystal compositions having preferable characteristics. Hereinafter, when S represents the following group: R 9 represents the following group: Cyc represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene group; Pyd represents pyridine-2,5-diyl group; Pyr represents 1,3-pyrimidine -2,5-diyl; One or more hydrogen atoms of the Phe, Pyd and Pyr may be replaced by F, Cℓ or CN; and A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are chosen from the group consisting Cyc, Phe, Pyd and Pyr, and preferably do not contain two or more Pyds and Pyrs in the molecule, then the compounds expressed by the formula (1) are classified as follows: Compounds having two six-membered rings: R 9 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 3 -Z 3 -S Compounds having three six-membered rings: R 9 -A 2 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 2 -A 3 -Z 3 -S R 9 -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3 -Z 3 -S and compounds having four six-membered rings: R 9 -A 1 -A 2 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -Z 1 -A 2 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -A 2 -A 3 -Z 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -Z 1 -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3 -Z 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -Z 1 -A 2 -A 3 -Z 3 -S R 9 -A 1 -Z 1 -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3 -Z 3 -S Among these compounds, those expressed by the fomrulas (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1g) and (1i) are particularly preferred in the aspect of achieving the object of the present invention. Compounds expressed by the formula (1a) are further developed to those expressed by the following formulas (1aa) to (1ad): R 9 -Cyc-S R 9 -Phe-S R 9 -Pyd-S R 9 -Pyr-S Among these compounds, those expressed by the formulas (1aa) and (1ab) are particularly preferred. Further, the compounds expressed by the formula (1b) are further developed to those expressed by the following formulas (1ba) to (1bh): R 9 -A 3 -CH=CH-S R 9 -A 3 -C≡C-S R 9 -A 3 -OCO-S R 9 -A 3 -COO-S R 9 -A 3 -CH 2 O-S R 9 -A 3 -OCH 2 -S R 9 -A 3 -(CH 2 ) 2 -S R 9 -A 3 -(CH 2 ) 4 -S Among these compounds, those expressed by the formulas (1bd) and (1bg) are particularly preferred. Further, compounds expressed by the formula (1c) are further developed to those expressed by the following formulas (1ca) to (1ch): R 9 -Cyc-Cyc-S R 9 -Cyc-Phe-S R 9 -Phe-Cyc-S R 9 -Phe-Phe-S R 9 -Pyd-Phe-S R 9 -Pyr-Phe-S R 9 -Cyc-Pyr-S R 9 -Phe-Pyr-S Among these compounds, those expressed by the formulas (1ca), (1cb) and (1cf) are particularly preferred. Compounds expressed by the formula (1d) are further developed to those expressed by the following formulas (1da) to (1dg): R 9 -Cyc-Z 2 -Cyc-S R 9 -Cyc-Z 2 -Phe-S R 9 -Cyc-Z 2 -Pyr-S R 9 -Phe-Z 2 -Phe-S R 9 -Phe-Z 2 -Cyc-S R 9 -Phe-Z 2 -Pyr-S R 9 -Pyr-Z 2 -Phe-S Among these compounds, those expressed by the formulas (1da) and (1db) are particularly preferred. Compounds expressed by the formula (1e) are further developed to those expressed by the following formulas (1ea) to (1eh): R 9 -Cyc-Cyc-Z 3 -S R 9 -Cyc-Phe-Z 3 -S R 9 -Cyc-Pyr-Z 3 -S R 9 -Phe-Phe-Z 3 -S R 9 -Phe-Cyc-Z 3 -S R 9 -Phe-Pyr-Z 3 -S R 9 -Pyr-Phe-Z 3 -S R 9 -Pyr-Cyc-Z 3 -S Among these compounds, those expressed by the formulas (1ea) and (1eb) are particularly preferred. Compounds expressed by the formula (1f) are further developed to those expressed by the following formulas: R 9 -Cyc-Z 2 -Cyc-Z 3 -S R 9 -Cyc-Z 2 -Phe-Z 3 -S R 9 -Cyc-Z 2 -Pyr-Z 3 -S R 9 -Phe-Z 2 -Phe-Z 3 -S R 9 -Phe-Z 2 -Cyc-Z 3 -S R 9 -Phe-Z 2 -Pyr-Z 3 -S R 9 -Pyr-Z 2 -Phe-Z 3 -S R 9 -Pyr-Z 2 -Cyc-Z 3 -S In all of the above compounds, R 9 represents an alkenyl group of 3 to 13 carbon atoms wherein hydrogen atoms at ω-position are replaced by one or more fluorine atoms, and among the group, particularly preferable groups are as follows: 3-fluoro-1-propenyl, 4-fluoro-1-butenyl, 5-fluoro-1-pentenyl, 6-fluoro-1-hexenyl, 7-fluoro-1-heptenyl, 3,3-difluoro-1-propenyl, 4,4-difluoro-1-butenyl, 5,5-difluoro-1-pentenyl, 6,6-difluoro-1-hexenyl, 7,7-difluoro-1-heptenyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-butenyl, 5,5,5-trifluoro-1-pentenyl, 6,6,6-trifluoro-1-hexenyl, 7,7,7-trifluoro-1-heptenyl, 5-fluoro-3-pentenyl, 6-fluoro-3-hexenyl, 7-fluoro-3-heptenyl, 5,5-difluoro-3-pentenyl, 6,6-difluoro-3-hexenyl, 7,7-difluoro-3-heptenyl, 5,5,5-trifluoro-3-penteny, 6,6,6-trifluoro-3-hexenyl and 7,7,7-trifluoro-3-heptenyl. Further, as to group S, those wherein one or both of L 1 and L 2 are F are preferred, and in the case where L 3 represents an alkyl group wherein optional methylene groups (-CH 2 -) each independently may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-, but two or more methylene groups should not be continuously replaced, those wherein L 1 and L 2 are both H are preferred. As described above, compounds expressed by the formulas (1aa), (1ab), (1bd), (1bg), (1ca), (1cb), (1cf), (1da), (1db), (1ea) and (1eb) can be said to be particularly preferable examples, and as more preferable compounds among them, those expressed by the following formulas (1-1) to (1-10) can be mentioned: The liquid crystalline compounds expressed by the formula (1) of the present invention can be prepared according to known processes employing Wittig reaction, for example based upon the process described in Organic Reactions, vol. 14, chapter 3, U.S.P. 4,676,604, etc., as follows: Namely, a fluoroalkyltriphenylphosphonium halide is reacted with an aldehyde (11), in the presence of a base such as potassium-t-butoxide (t-BuOK), n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), etc., in a solvent of an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, etc. This reaction is preferably carried out at -20° to 0°C in an inert gas current. Next, when the thus obtained compound is reacted with benzenesulfinic acid or p-toluenesulfinic acid, it is possible to prepare the compound (1) of the present invention. Further, it is also possible that the aldehyde (11) is reacted with (ω-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)alkyltriphenylphosphonium halide to obtain an intermediate (12), followed by removing the protective group therefrom to obtain an aldehyde (13), reacting this aldehyde (13) with a fluorinating agent such as diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride (DAST) to obtain an intermediate (14), and isomerizing it to obtain an objective compound example (15). Still further, it is also possible that the aldehyde (13) is reduced with a reducing agent such as sodium boron hydride (SBH), lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), etc. to obtain an alcohol (16), followed by isomerizing the resulting intermediate (17), to obtain the objective compound example (18). In addition, the above fluoroalkyltriphenylphosphonium halide can be prepared according to the following process: Namely, it is prepared by reacting the corresponding fluoroalkylhalide with triphenylphosphine in a solvent such as toluene, xylene, etc. The above reaction of the fluoroalkylhalide with triphenylphosphine can also be carried out in the absence of any solvent and in a sealed tube. These reactions are preferably carried out at 60° to 100°C and further in an inert gas current. Further, the aldehyde (11) as the starting raw material can be easily derived from the corresponding cyclohexanone, alcohol, carboxylic acid, etc. according to known process. Next, the compound expressed by the formula (1) wherein the ring B represents a substituted phenylene group and L 3 represents OCF 3 or OCF 2 H can be prepared for example according to the following process: Namely, it is possible that the compound (19) is obtained according to Wittig reaction, followed by reacting it with boron tribromide to obtain a phenol (20), reacting it in a system of HF/CCℓ 4 or chlorodifluoromethane/NaOH to obtain the corresponding objective compound example (21) or (22). These compounds can also be obtained by subjecting a trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy derivative of 4-substituted bromobenzene to a known coupling reaction, Wittig's reaction, etc. The compound expressed by the formula (1) wherein ring B represents a substituted phenylene group and L 3 represents CF 2 H or CFH 2 , can be prepared according to the following process: Namely, it is possible that a compound (23) is obtained according to Wittig reaction, followed by reducing (23) with a reducing agent such as diisobutyl-aluminum hydride (DIBAL), etc. to obtain an aldehyde (24), followed by reacting the aldehyde (24) with a fluorinating agent such as DAST, etc. to obtain the objective compound exmaple (25). Further, it is also possible that the aldehyde (24) is reduced with a reducing agent such as SBH, etc. to obtain an alcohol (26), followed by fluorinating the hydroxyl group of the alcohol with DAST, etc. to obtain the objective compound example (27). The compound expressed by the formula (1) wherein ring B represents a substituted phenylene group and L 3 represents CF 3 , can be obtained for example by subjecting a trifluoromethyl derivative of a substituted bromobenzene to known coupling reaction, Wittig reaction, etc. Any of the thus obtained liquid crystalline compounds of the present invention exhibit a high elastic constant ratio (K 33 /K 11 ), and further, are easily blended with various liquid crystal materials and have a good solubility at low temperatures; hence they are far superior as the constituting component of nematic liquid crystal compositions, particularly nematic liquid crystal compositions suitable to STN mode display elements. The liquid crystal compositions provided by the present invention are enough to contain only a first component containing at least one kind of the liquid crystalline compounds expressed by the formula (1), but the first component is preferably mixed with, as a second component, at least one kind of compounds chosen from those expressed by the above formulas (2), (3) and (4) (hereinafter referred to as a second A component) and/or at least one kind of compounds chosen from those expressed by the formulas (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9) (hereinafter referred to as a second B component), and further a known compound can be also mixed as a third component, in order to adjust the threshold voltage, the liquid crystal temperature range, the optical anisotropy, the dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, etc. Among compounds of the second A component, the following (2-1) to (2-15) are mentioned as preferable examples of compounds included in the formula (2); the following (3-1) to (3-48) are mentioned as preferable examples of compounds included in the formula (3); and the following (4-1) to (4-41) are mentioned as preferable examples of compounds included in the formula (4): These compounds expressed by the formulas (2) to (4) exhibit positive dielectric anisotropy and are far superior in the heat stability and the chemical stability. The quantity of these compounds used is in the range of 1 to 99% by weight, preferably 10 to 97% by weight and more preferably 40 to 95% by weight. Next, among compounds of the second B components, the following (5-1) to (5-27), (6-1) to (6-3) and (7-1) to (7-11) are mentioned as preferable examples of compounds included in the formulas (5), (6) and (7), respectively: These compounds expressed by the formulas (5) to (7) have a positive dielectric anisotropy whose value is large, and are used as the composition component, particularly in order to reduce the threshold voltage. Further, they are used also for adjustment of the viscosity, adjustment of the optical anisotropy, broadening of the liquid crystal phase temperature range, etc., and also for improvement of the steepness. Further, among the compounds of the second B component, (8-1) to (8-15) and (9-1) to (9-14) are mentioned as preferable examples of compounds included in the formulas (8) and (9). These compounds expressed by the formulas (8) and (9) have a negative or weakly positive dielectric anisotropy, and among these compounds, those expressed by the formula (8) are used as composition components, mainly for reducing the viscosity and adjusting the optical anisotropy and those expressed by the formula (9) are used thereas mainly for broadening the liquid crystal temperature range and/or for adjusting the optical anisotropy. Compounds expressed by the formulas (5) to (9) are indispensable when liquid crystal compositions particularly for STN type display mode and for usual TN type display mode are prepared. The quantity of the compounds used for preparing the liquid crystal compositions for usual STN type display mode and TN type display mode is suitably in the range of 1 to 99% by weight based upon the total weight of the liquid crystal compositions, preferably 10 to 97% by weight, more preferably 40 to 95% by weight. The liquid crystal compositions provided according to the present invention are preferred to contain at least one kind of the liquid crystalline compounds expressed by the formula (1) in a proportion of 0.1 to 99% by weight, in order to exhibit superior characteristics. The liquid crystal compositions are generally prepared according to known process, for example a process of mutually dissolving various components at high temperatures. Further, if necessary, a suitable additive is added, whereby improvement according to aimed use applications is made to optimize the compositions. Such additives have been known to person of ordinary skill in the art and described in literatures in detail. Usually, there are added a chiral dopant or the like having an effect of inducing the helical structure of liquid crystals to adjust necessary twist angle and there-by prevent reverse twist. Further, when a dichroic pigment such as those of merocyanine group, styryl group, azo group, azoxy group, quinophthalone group, anthraquinone group, tetrazine group, etc. is added, the resulting compositions can also be used as those for GH type mode. The compositions according to the present invention can be used not only for NCAP prepared by micro-encapsulating nematic liquid crystals, polymer-dispersed type liquid crystal display element (PDLCD) such as polymer network liquid crystal display element (PNLCD), but also as liquid crystal compositions of birefringence adjusted (ECB) type and DS type. As examples of the liquid crystal compositions containing the compounds of the present invention, the following compositions can be mentioned, and in addition, Nos. of the compounds are the same as those shown in the Examples mentioned later: Composition example 1 (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl) cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene (No. 177) 5% by weight (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (No. 266) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl (No. 76) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (No. 176) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene (No. 204) 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 9% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 7% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 3% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(2-trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight trans-4-propylcyclohexyl-4-ethoxybenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight Composition example 2 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 4% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-chlorobenzene (No. 179) 5% by weight (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene (No. 267) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene (No. 2) 6% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (No. 180) 5% by weight trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 2% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 2% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 6% by weight Composition example 3 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl (No. 81) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 77) 4% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (No. 138) 4% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene (No. 181) 4% by weight (trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 6% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 4% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 7% by weight Composition example 4 (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene (No. 141) 3% by weight (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (No. 270) 3% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl (No. 80) 4% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (No. 145) 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 4% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 4% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 6% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 4% by weight Composition example 5 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 72) 4% by weight (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (No. 272) 6% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 82) 5% by weight (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl-4-fluorobenzene (No. 261) 5% by weight trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 10% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 10% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 10% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 3% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight Composition example 6 (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene (No. 273) 5% by weight (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (No. 276) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene (No. 16) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 84) 5% by weight trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 8% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 8% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 8% by weight Composition example 7 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 7% by weight (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 245) 7% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 7% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene (No. 9) 6% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-butylbicyclohexane 7% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-pentylbicyclohexane 3% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-propyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-butyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-butyl-4'-ethoxytolan 3% by weight 4-pentyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 3% by weight Composition example 8 (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 5% by weight (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 260) 5% by weight (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane (No. 375) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-butenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 7% by weight trans,trans-4-methoxymethyl-4'-propylcyclohexane 5% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-butylbicyclohexane 8% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-methyltolan 4% by weight 4-methyl-4'-hexyltolan 8% by weight 4,4'-dibutyltolan 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 7% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 4% by weight 2-(4'-propylbiphenylyl-4-yl)-5-butylpyrimidine 4% by weight Composition example 9 (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene (No. 8) 4% by weight (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 232) 8% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl) (No. 205) 4% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 7% by weight 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pentylpyrimidine 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 8% by weight 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate 5% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 3% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 3% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 3% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 8% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 4% by weight Composition example 10 (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 120) 6% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 41) 7% by weight (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane (No. 376) 6% by weight 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 5% by weight 4-butoxyphenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 6% by weight 4-ethoxyphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 6% by weight 4-methoxyphenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-butylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-pentylpyrimidine 5% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butyltolan 4% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butyltolan 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 5% by weight 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 3% by weight 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclo-hexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 3% by weight 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl=4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzoate 3% by weight Composition example 11 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 5% by weight (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 282) 5% by weight (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane (No. 396) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene (No. 205) 5% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-ethoxymethylbenzoate 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 11% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-ethyltolan 3% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-propyltolan 3% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butyltolan 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-propyltolan 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-butyltolan 3% by weight Composition example 12 (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 117) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-propylbiphenyl (No. 37) 3% by weight (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane (No. 376) 3% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene (No. 2) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-butenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 9% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 9% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 13% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-methoxytolan 5% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-butylbicyclohexane 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 8% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 4% by weight Composition example 13 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 35) 4% by weight (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane (No. 408) 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-ethoxymethylbenzoate 3% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 8% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-butoxymethylbenzoate 5% by weight methyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 7% by weight trans-4-propylcyclohexyl-4-ethoxybenzene 10% by weight 4-butoxyphenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 4-propylphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 4-butylphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 4% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 4% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight Composition example 14 (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 232) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 117) 4% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene (No. 177) 4% by weight (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane (No. 375) 5% by weight 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-propyldioxane 6% by weight 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-butyldioxane 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 7% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 8% by weight trans,trans-4-methoxymethyl-4'-pentylbicyclohexane 7% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 6% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 6% by weight 2-(4-(trans 4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-butyl-pyrimidine 6% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 5% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-propyltolan 5% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-butyltolan 5% by weight Composition example 15 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 35) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene (No. 141) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 5% by weight (E)-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-ethylbenzene (No. 249) 5% by weight 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate 6% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 12% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 6% by weight 4-ethylphenyl 4-methoxybenzoate 6% by weight 4-butoxyphenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 8% by weight 4-ethoxyphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 8% by weight 4-methoxyphenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 8% by weight 4-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzoate 6% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans- 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarbonyloxy)benzoate 5% by weight 4-ethylphenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarbonyloxy)benzoate 5% by weight Composition example 16 (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 8% by weight (E)-3,5-difluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(3-pentenyl)benzoate 16% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-ethoxymethylbenzoate 5% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 13% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 11% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 13% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 11% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-butylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-pentylpyrimidine 7% by weight Composition example 17 (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (No. 7) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (No. 176) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl (No. 80) 5% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-methoxybicyclohexane 4% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-propoxybicyclohexane 4% by weight trans,trans-4-pentyl-4'-methoxybicyclohexane 6% by weight trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl-4-fluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-fifluorobenzene 6% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 10% by weight 3,4-difluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 3% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-ethylbiphenyl 3% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight Composition example 18 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl (No. 76) 6% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (No. 145) 6% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl (No. 81) 5% by weight (trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 6% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 5% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 4,4'-bis(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobiphenyl 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4'-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl 3% by weight Composition example 19 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 9% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene (No. 205) 8% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 8% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-propenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 3% by weight 4-butyl-4'-ethylbiphenyl 3% by weight 4-propyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 5% by weight (2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-ethoxybenzene 4% by weight (2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propoxybenzene 8% by weight 4-cyanophenyl propylbenzoate 5% by weight 4-methoxyphenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 11% by weight 4-propoxyphenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 11% by weight 4"-pentyl-4-cyanoterphenyl 3% by weight 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-(4-butylphenyl)pyrimidine 3% by weight 2-(4-pentylphenyl)-5-(4-butylphenyl)pyrimidine 3% by weight (2-(4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)phenyl)ethyl)-4-butylbenzene 3% by weight (2-(4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)biphenyl)-4'-yl)ethyl)-4-propylbenzene 3% by weight Composition example 20 (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 117) 7% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 35) 7% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene (No. 10) 6% by weight 3,4-difluorophenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 3,4-difluorophenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl ethylbenzoate 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl propylbenzoate 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl butylbenzoate 6% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl pentylbenzoate 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxypropylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 10% by weight 3,4-difluorophenyl trans-4- (trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 3,4-difluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 6% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)benzoate 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzoate 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)benzoate 6% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 10% by weight Composition example 21 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 6% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl (No. 76) 6% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 10% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 10% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3,4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 10% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 7% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 3% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight trans-4-propylcyclohexyl-4-ethoxybenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight Composition example 22 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 72) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl (No. 76) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 78) 5% by weight trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 2% by weight (trans-4-(2-trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 2% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 6% by weight Composition example 23 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl (No. 76) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 78) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 72) 8% by weight (trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ehtylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 6% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 4% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 7% by weight Composition example 24 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 72) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl (No. 76) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 5% by weight trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 12% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 12% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 12% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 3% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 6% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 4-(fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight Composition example 25 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (No. 72) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 78) 4% by weight trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 16% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 9% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 5% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 8% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 8% by weight 2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 8% by weight Composition example 26 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 7% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 7% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 7% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (No. 207) 6% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-butylcyclohexane 7% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-pentylcyclohexane 3% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-propyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-butyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-butyl-4'-ethoxytolan 3% by weight 4-pentyl-4'-methoxytolan 3% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyridine 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 3% by weight Composition example 27 (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 5% by weight (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 260) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 312) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-butenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 7% by weight trans,trans-4-methoxymethyl-4'-propylcyclohexane 5% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-butylbicyclohexane 8% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-methyltolan 4% by weight 4-methyl-4'-hexyltolan 8% by weight 4,4'-dibutyltolan 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethyl-pyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 7% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzen 4% by weight 2-(4'-propylbiphenylyl-4-yl)-5-butylpyrimidine 4% by weight Composition example 28 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 8% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (No. 207) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 78) 4% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 7% by weight 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pentylpyrimidine 4% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 10% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 8% by weight 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate 5% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 3% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 3% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 3% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 8% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethyl-pyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-butyl-pyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 4% by weight Composition example 29 (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 117) 6% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 41) 7% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 6% by weight 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 5% by weight 4-butoxyphenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 6% by weight 4-ethoxyphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 6% by weight 4-methoxyphenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-butylpyrimidine 5% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-pentylpyrimidine 5% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butyltolan 4% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butyltolan 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 5% by weight 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 3% by weight 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 3% by weight 4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzoate 3% by weight Composition example 30 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 5% by weight (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (No. 260) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 5% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (No. 207) 5% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-ethoxymethylbenzoate 4% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 11% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 8% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-ethyltolan 3% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-propyltolan 3% by weight 4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butyltolan 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-propyltolan 3% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-butyltolan 3% by weight Composition example 31 (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 117) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-propylbiphenyl (No. 37) 3% by weight (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (No. 207) 3% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 29) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-butenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 9% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 9% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 13% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 5% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-methoxytolan 5% by weight trans,trans-4-propyl-4'-butylcyclohexane 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxybenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 8% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 4% by weight Composition example 32 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 35) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)biphenyl (No. 212) 3% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-ethoxymethylbenzoate 3% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 8% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-butoxymethylbenzoate 5% by weight methyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 7% by weight trans-4-propylcyclohexyl-4-ethoxybenzene 10% by weight 4-butoxyphenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 4-propylphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 4-butylphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 4% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 4% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 4% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylate 4% by weight Composition example 33 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 1 ) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 117) 4% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 4% by weight (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane (No. 393) 4% by weight 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-propyldioxane 6% by weight 2-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-butyldioxane 6% by weight 4-(trans-4-methoxymethylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 7% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-butylpyrimidine 8% by weight trans,trans-4-methoxymethyl-4'-pentylbicyclohexane 7% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-ethylpyrimidine 6% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-propylpyrimidine 6% by weight 2-(4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl)-5-butylpyrimdine 6% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-ethyltolan 5% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-propyltolan 5% by weight 2-fluoro-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-4'-butyltolan 5% by weight Composition example 34 (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (No. 35) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 78) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobiphenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 5% by weight (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane (No. 393) 5% by weight 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate 6% by weight 4-ethyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 12% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 6% by weight 4-ethylphenyl 4-methoxybenzoate 6% by weight 4-butoxyphenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 8% by weight 4-ethoxyphenyl trans-4-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate 8% by weight 4-methoxyphenyl trans-4-pentylcyclohexanecarboxylate 8% by weight 4-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzoate 6% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 5% by weight 4-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarbonyloxybenzoate 5% by weight 4-ethylphenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarbonyloxy)benzoate 5% by weight Composition example 35 (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (No. 19) 8% by weight (E)-3,5-difluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(3-pentenyl)benzoate 16% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-ethoxymethylbenzoate 5% by weight 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-propoxymethylbenzoate 13% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 11% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile 13% by weight 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 11% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-butylpyrimidine 8% by weight 2-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-5-pentylpyrimidine 7% by weight Composition example 36 (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (No. 207) 7% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl (No. 73) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl (No. 36) 5% by weight (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl (No. 78) 5% by weight 4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 7% by weight 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 14% by weight (trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 5% by weight (trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 8% by weight (trans-4-(2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 8% by weight (trans-4-(2-trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 8% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 8% by weight (2-(trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 8% by weight Example The present invention will be described in more detail by way of Examples, but it should not be construed to be limited thereto. In addition, in these Examples, Cr represent crystal, N represents nematic phase, S B represents smectic B phase, Iso represents isotropic liquid, and the unit of the phase transition points refers to °C. Example 1 Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (a compound of No. 1 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m, o and p all represent 0; A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 3 represents covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents CN). A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (10.0 g, 24.8 millimols) with THF (50 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (3.1 g, 27.3 millimols) to the mixture, stirring the resulting mixture for 30 minutes, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (60 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(4-cyanophenyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (5.8 g, 27.3 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, adding water (50 mℓ) to the reaction product after completion of the reaction, extracting the product with ethyl acetate (300 mℓ) , three times washing the resulting organic layer with water, drying it over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (5.0 g). This raw product (5.0 g, 19.4 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (5.8 g, 29.1 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (4.9 mℓ, 29.1 millimols) and ethanol (30 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, adding water (100 mℓ) to the reaction product after completion of the reaction, extracting the mixture with ethyl acetate (300 mℓ), three times washing the resulting organic layer with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and then three times with water, drying it over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (4.8 g). This raw product was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain the captioned product (1.0 g) (yield 15%). Cr 38.0 - 38.6 N 51.9 - 52.0 I so The following compounds (No. 2 to No. 34) were prepared according to the process of Example 1: No. 2. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 3. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-bromobenzene 4. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluoromethylbenzene 5. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethylbenzene 6. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 7. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 8. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 9. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene 10. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 11. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylbenzene Cr 2.4 - 2.7 I so 12. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 13. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 14. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 15. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 16. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 17. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 18. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 19. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile Cr 19.1 - 19.5 N 43.2 - 43.3 I so 20. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 21. (E)-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-hexyloxybenzene 22. (E)-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 23. (E)-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 24. (E)-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 25. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 26. (E)-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 27. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 28. (E)-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 29. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile Cr 47.0 - 48.0 (N 45.7 - 45.8) I so 30. (E)-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 31. (E)-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxyethylbenzene 32. (E)-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxymethylbenzene 33. (E)-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 34. (E)-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene Example 2 Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (a compound (No. 35) of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m and o both represents 0; p represents 1; A 2 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; A 3 and ring B both represent 1,4-phenylene group; Z 2 and Z 3 both represent covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represents H; and L 3 represents CN). A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (17.6 g, 43.7 millimols) with THF (85 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding to the mixture, t-BuOK (4.9 g, 43.7 millimols) stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (110 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(4''-cyanobiphenyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (11.0 g, 38.0 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, adding water (100 mℓ) to the reaction product after completion of the reaction, extracting with ethyl acetate (600 mℓ), three times washing the resulting organic layer with water, drying over anhydrous magnesium sulphate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (11.1 g). This raw product (11.1 g, 33.2 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydride (10.0 g, 49.8 millimols) , 6N-hydrochloric acid (8.3 mℓ, 49.8 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (50 mℓ), heating the mixture under reflux for 16 hours, adding water (100 mℓ) to the reaction product after completion of the reaction, extracting with toluene (200 mℓ), three times washing the resulting organic layer with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and three times with water, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (16.5 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (3/7), to obtain the captioned compound (6.1 g, yield 48%). Cr 130.3 - 131.1 N 216.4 - 217.1 I so The following compounds (No. 36 to No. 71) were prepared according to the process of Example 2. No. 36. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl Cr room temperature or lower S B 166.9-167.5 N 181.0 I so 37. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-propylbiphenyl Cr room temperature or lower S B 177.8-178.8 N 196.9-197.1 I so 38. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-propoxyethylbiphenyl 39. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 40. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 41. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl Cr 118.9 - 119.8 N 191.5 - 191.7 I so 42. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-methoxymethylbiphenyl 43. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 44. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 45. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl 46. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-butylbiphenyl 47. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 48. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 49. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl 50. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-butoxybiphenyl 51. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl 52. (E)-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl 53. (E)-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-methylbiphenyl 54. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl 55. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-ethylbiphenyl 56. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-propylbiphenyl 57. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-pentylbiphenyl 58. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 59. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 60. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl 61. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-butylbiphenyl 62. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-propoxymethylbiphenyl 63. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 64. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl 65. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-heptylbiphenyl 66. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl 67. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-methoxyethylbiphenyl 68. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-methoxymethylbiphenyl 69. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 70. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-cyanobiphenyl 71. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-methylbiphenyl Example 3 Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (a compound of No. 72 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m and o. both represent 0; p represents 1; A 2 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; A 3 and ring B both represent 1,4-phenylene group; Z 2 and Z 3 both represent covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents Cℓ) A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (14.0 g, 34.6 millimols) with THF (65 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding to the mixture, t-BuOK (4.0 g, 34.6 millimols), stirring the mixture for one hour, dropwise adding thereto a THF (100 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(4"-chlorobiphenyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (9.0 g, 34.6 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the quantity of ethyl acetate used for extraction was made 500 mℓ, to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (9.2 g). This raw product (9.2 g, 26.7 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (8.0 g, 40.0 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (6.7 mℓ, 40.0 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (70 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the toluene of effluent was made a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/heptane (6/4), to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (9.2 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (4/6), to obtain the captioned compound (2.9 g, yield 28%). Cr 158.2 - 159.1 N 180.9 - 181.1 I so The following compounds (No. 73 to No. 116) were prepared according to the process of Example 3. No. 73. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl Cr 105.2 - 106.3 N 162.0 - 162.2 I so 74. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-bromobiphenyl 75. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-difluoromethylbiphenyl 76. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl Cr 51.6 - 52.7 N 118.1 - 118.2 I so 77. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-chlorobiphenyl 78. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl Cr 111.4 - 112.0 N 128.7 - 128.8 I so 79. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-difluoromethoxybiphenyl 80. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 81. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 82. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-chlorobiphenyl 83. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-fluoromethylbiphenyl 84. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl 85. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl 86. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-fluoromethylbiphenyl 87. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 88. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbiphenyl 89. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-difluoromethylbiphenyl 90. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 91. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 92. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 93. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-difluoromethoxybiphenyl 94. (E)-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 95. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 96. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-bromobiphenyl 97. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl 98. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-difluoromethylbiphenyl 99. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 100. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl 101. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 102. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 103. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl 104. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',4'-difluorobiphenyl 105. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-chlorobiphenyl 106. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-difluoromethoxybiphenyl 107. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl 108. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl 109. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)3',5'-difluoro-4'-fluoromethylbiphenyl 110. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 111. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-difluoromethylbiphenyl 112. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3',5'-difluoro-4'-chlorobiphenyl 113. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(7-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3'-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethoxybiphenyl 114. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-fluorobiphenyl 115. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-difluoromethoxybiphenyl 116. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl Example 4 Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (a compound No. 117 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m and o both represent 0; p represents 1; A 2 and A 3 both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 2 and Z 3 both represent covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents CN. A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (15.0 g, 37.2 millimols) with THF (75 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (4.2 g, 37.2 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (100 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-(4-cyanophenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (10.0 g, 37.2 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 3, to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (9.9 g). This raw product (9.9 g, 29.2 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (8.8 g, 43.7 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (7.3 mℓ, 43.7 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (50 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, treating the resulting product in the same manner as in Example 3, to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (9.9 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (3/7), to obtain the captioned compound (3.9 g, yield 33.9%). Cr 111.4 - 112.0 N 211.3 - 211.6 I so The following compounds (No. 118 to No. 137) were prepared according to the process of Example 4: No. 118. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexylcyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 119. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexylcyclohexyl)-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile 120. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 121. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 122. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile 123. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 124. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 125. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 126. (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 127. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 128. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 129. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile 130. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 131. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 132. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 133. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 134. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile 135. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-2-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 136. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 137. (E)-4-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile Example 5 Preparation of (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (a compound No. 138 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m and o both represent 0; p represent 1; A 2 and A 3 both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group (L 1 =F); Z 2 and Z 3 both represent covalent bond; L 2 represents H; and L 3 represents CF 3 ) A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (11.2 g, 27.8 millimols) with THF (50 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (3.1 g, 27.8 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (100 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-(3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (9.0 g, 25.3 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the quantity of ethyl acetate used for extraction was made 400 mℓ, to obtain raw (trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (8.9 g). This raw product (8.9 g, 22.2 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (6.7 g, 33.3 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (5.6 ml, 33.3 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (45 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2, to obtain raw (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (8.9 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (3/7), to obtain the captioned compound (3.3 g, yield: 32.7%). The following compounds (No. 139 to No. 175) were prepared according to the process of Example 5: 139. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 140. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 141. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 142. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 143. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 144. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-fluoromethylbenzene 145. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 146. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 147. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluoromethylbenzene 148. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 149. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 150. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 151. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 152. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 153. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 154. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 155. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 156. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-2-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethylbenzene 157. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-2-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 158. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluoro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzene 159. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethylbenzene 160. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 161. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 162. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 163. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 164. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 165. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 166. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 167. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 168. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-fluoromethylbenzene 169. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 170. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 171. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 172. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 173. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 174. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 175. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene Example 6 Preparation of (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (a compound of No. 176 of the formula (1), wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represent 1; m and o both represent 0; p represents 1; A 2 and A 3 both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group (L 1 =F); Z 2 and Z 3 both represent covalent bond; L 3 represents F; and L 2 represents H. A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (13.8 g, 34.1 millimols) with THF (60 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (3.5 g, 34.1 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (120 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (9.5 g, 31.0 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2, to obtain raw (trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (9.2 g). This raw product (9.2 g, 25.4 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (7.9 g, 39.4 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (6.6 mℓ, 39.4 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (50 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2, to obtain raw (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (9.1 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (3/7), to obtain the captioned product (4.9 g, yield: 45.0%). The following compounds (No. 177 to No. 203) were prepared according to Example 6: No. 177. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 178. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-bromobenzene 179. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 180. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 181. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene 182. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 183. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 184. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 185. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 186. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 187. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 188. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 189. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 190. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-bromobenzene 191. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 192. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 193. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 194. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 195. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 196. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene 197. (E)-(trans-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 198. (E)-(trans-4-(2-trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluorobenzene 199. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexenyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 200. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexenyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 201. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-chlorobenzene 202. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-2-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 203. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene Example 7 Preparation of (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene (a compound of No. 204 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m and o both represent 0; p represents 1; A 2 and A 3 both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 2 and Z 3 both represent covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents C 2 H 5 . A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (13.4 g, 33.2 millimols) with THF (50 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (3.7 g, 33.2 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (90 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-(4-ethylphenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (9.0 g, 30.2 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the quantity of ethyl acetate used for extraction was made 400 mℓ, to obtain raw (trans-4-(trans-4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene (9.1 g). This raw product (9.1 g, 26.6 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (8.0 g, 39.8 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (50 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 20 hours, and treating it in the same manner as in Example 2 except that toluene as an effluent was made heptane, to obtain raw (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene (9.1 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (2/8), to obtain the captioned compound (1.8 g, yield: 17.5%). The following compounds (No. 205 to No. 231) were prepared according to the process of Example 7: No. 205. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 206. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylbenzene 207. (E)-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene Cr room temperature or lower S B 159.5-159.6 N 176.1-176.2 I so 208. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylbenzene 209. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethoxybenzene 210. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentyloxybenzene 211. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxymethylbenzene 212. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)biphenyl Cr 210.4 - 210.9 N 241.2 - 243.3 I so 213. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene 214. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethoxybenzene 215. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxymethylbenzene 216. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 217. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylbenzene 218. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene 219. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propoxybenzene 220. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene 221. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethoxybenzene 222. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 223. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylbenzene 224. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylbenzene 225. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene 226. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propoxybenzene 227. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxypropylbenzene 228. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxymethylbenzene 229. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-2-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylbenzene 230. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylbenzene 231. (E)-(trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene Example 8 Preparation of (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (a compound of No. 232 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; ℓ, m and o each represents 0; A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group;ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 3 represents -(CH 2 ) 2 -; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents CN) A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (14.7 g, 36.5 millimols) with THF (60 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (4.1 g, 36.5 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (50 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (9.0 g, 30.2 millimols so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the product in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the quantity used for extraction was made 200 mℓ, to obtain raw 4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (8.1 g). This raw product (8.1 g, 28.4 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (8.5 g, 42.6 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (7.1 mℓ, 42.6 millimols), and ethanol (30 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, and treating the product in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the quantity of ethyl acetate used for extraction was made 150 mℓ, to obtain raw (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethylbenzonitrile (7.8 g). This product was recrystallized from ethanol, to obtain the captioned compound (1.3 g, yield: 13.7%). The following compounds (No. 233 to No. 259) were prepared according to the process of Example 8: No. 233. (E)-(2-trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-fluorobenzene 234. (E)-(2-trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-difluoromethylbenzene 235. (E)-(2-trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 236. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 237. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 238. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 239. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 240. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 241. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 242. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 243. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylbenzene 244. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-heptylbenzene 245. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 246. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 247. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 248. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 249. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-ethylbenzene 250. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 251. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 252. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 253. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 254. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluorohexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propoxybenzene 255. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 256. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 257. (E)-(2-trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-fluoromethylbenzene 258. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-butylbenzene 259. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile Example 9 Preparation of (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexylcyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (a compound No. 260 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; ℓ, m and o each represent 0; p represents 1; A 2 and A 3 both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 2 represents covalent bond; Z 3 represents -(CH 2 ) 2 -; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents CN, A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (15.1 g, 37.4 millimols) with THF (70 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (4.2 g, 37.4 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for one hour, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (100 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-(2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (11.0 g, 34.0 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the quantity of ethyl acetate was made 500 mℓ, to obtain raw 4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (11.3 g). This raw product (11.3 g, 30.7 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (9.2 g, 46.1 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (7.7 mℓ, 46.1 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (70 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 16 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2, to obtain raw(E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile (11.0 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (2/8), to obtain the captioned compound (4.8 g, yield: 38.4%). Cr 105.9 - 106.6 N 197.2 - 198.0 I so The following compounds (No. 261 to No. 295) were prepared according to the process of Example 9: No. 261. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-fluorobenzene 262. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-chlorobenzene 263. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-bromobenzene 264. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 265. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 266. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 267. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 268. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 269. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trnas-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-fluoromethylbenzene 270. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 271. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 272. (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 273. (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene 274. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile 275. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 276. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 277. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 278. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylbenzene 279. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propoxymethylbenzene 280. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-pentylbenzene 281. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-hexyloxybenzene 282. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 283. (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-fluoromethylbenzene 284. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 285. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 286. (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 287. (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-ethylbenzene 288. (E)-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 289. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 290. (E)-4-(2-trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 291. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-fluorobenzene 292. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 293. (E)-4-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)benzonitrile 294. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-3,5-difluoromethoxybenzene 295. (E)-(2-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzene Example 10 (Preparation of Comparative Compound) Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (a compound of No. 296 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CF 3 ; ℓ represents 1; m, o and p all represent 0; A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 3 represent covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents CN. A mixture of (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (9.0 g, 20.5 millimols) with THF (45 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (2.5 g, 22.5 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for 30 minutes, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (50 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(4-cyanophenyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (4.8 g, 22.5 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the product in the same manner as in Example 1, to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (5.1 g). This raw product (5.1 g, 18.4 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydride (5.5 g, 27.6 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (4.6 mℓ, 27.6 millimols) and ethanol (30 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 1, to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (4.9 g). This product was recrystallized from ethanol, to obtain the captioned compound (0.8 g, yield: 13.9%). Cr 45.3 - 46.1 I so The following comparative compounds (No. 297 to No. 323) were prepared according to the process of Example 10: 297. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-bromobenzene 298. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluoromethylbenzene 299. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 300. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 301. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 302. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 303. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 304. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-chlorobenzene 305. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 306. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 307. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 308. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 309. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propoxymethylbenzene 310. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylbenzene 311. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 312. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile Cr 47.7 - 48.7 (N 17.5) I so 313. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 314. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 315. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoro-2-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylbenzene 316. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 317. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5,5-trifluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 318. (E)-(trans-4-(6,6,6-trifluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 319. (E)-(trans-4-(6,6,6-trifluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 320. (E)-(trans-4-(6,6,6-trifluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-fluoromethylbenzene 321. (E)-4-(trans-4-(7,7,7-trifluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile Cr 48.4 - 49.7 (N 28.5) I so 322. (E)-(trans-4-(7,7,7-trifluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 323. (E)-(trans-4-(7,7,7-trifluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene Example 11 Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (a compound of No. 324 of the formula (1), wherein Q represents CF 2 H; ℓ represents l, m, o and p each represent 0; A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 3 represents covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents CN. A mixture of (2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (17.4 g, 38.0 millimols) with THF (100 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (4.5 g, 39.9 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for 30 minutes, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (35 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(4-cyanophenyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (7.7 g, 36.1 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 3, to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(3-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)propenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (10.3 g). This raw product (10.3 g, 33.2 millimols) was mixed with 6N-hydrochloric acid (11.1 mℓ, 66.4 millimols) and toluene (50 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 6 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 3 except that toluene used for eluent was made ethyl acetate (150 mℓ), to obtain raw 4- (trans-4-(3-formylpropenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (7.2 g). The thus obtained raw product (7.2 g, 28.4 millimols) was further mixed with DAST (13.8 g, 85.3 millimols) and dichloromethane (35 mℓ), followed by stirring the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours, pouring the reaction product in ice water (150 mℓ), extracting it with ethyl acetate (150 mℓ), washing the resulting organic layer once with a saturated potassium carbonate aqueous solution, and twice with water, drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (3.7 g), mixing this raw product (3.7 g, 13.8 millimols) with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (4.2 g, 20.8 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (3.5 mℓ, 20.8 millimols) and ethanol (20 mℓ), heating the mixture under reflux for 12 hours, adding water (100 mℓ) to the reaction product after completion of the reaction, extracting the mixture with ethyl acetate (200 mℓ), washing the resulting organic layer three times with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and three times with water, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (3.8 g). This product was recrystallized from ethanol, to obtain the captioned compound (1.3 g, yield: 12.7%). The following compounds (No. 325 to No. 350) were prepared according to the process of Example 11: No. 325. (E)-(trans-4-(3,3-difluoropropenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene Cr 3.7 I so 326. (E)-(trans-4-(3,3-difluoropropenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene Cr 35.3 - 37.2 I so 327. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethylbenzene 328. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 329. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 330. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propoxymethylbenzene 331. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylbenzene 332. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 333. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 334. (E)-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 335. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-fluoromethylbenzene 336. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 337. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 338. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 339. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 340. (E)-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 341. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 342. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 343. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 344. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 345. (E)-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 346. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 347. (E)-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 348. (E)-4-(trans-4-(6,6-difluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 349. (E)-4-(trans-4-(7,7-difluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile 350. (E)-(trans-4-(7,7-difluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylbenzene Example 12 Preparation of (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (a compound No. 351 of the formula (1) wherein Q represents CF 2 H; ℓ represents 1; m and o both represent 0; p represents 1; A 2 and A 3 both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; ring B represents 1,4-phenylene group; Z 3 represents covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H and L 3 represents CN. A mixture of (2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (25.0 g, 54.7 millimols) with THF (150 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (6.1 g, 54.7 millimols) to the mixture, stirring for 30 minutes, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (80 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-(4-cyanophenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (14.4 g, 49.8 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C or lower, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the quantity of ethyl acetate used for extraction was made 400 mℓ, to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(3-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl))propenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (17.5 g). This raw product (17.5 g, 44.5 millimols) was mixed with 6N-hydrochloric acid (14.8 mℓ, 88.9 millimols) and toluene (80 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 5 hours, and treating the product in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the quantity of water added to the reaction product was made 150 mℓ and the quantity of ethyl acetate used for the extraction was made 150 mℓ, to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(3-formylpropenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (12.9 g). The thus obtained raw product (12.9 g, 38.5 millimols) was further mixed with DAST (18.6 g, 115.5 millimols) and dichloromethane (60 mℓ), followed by stirring the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours, pouring the reaction product in ice water (200 mℓ), extracting with ethyl acetate (300 mℓ), washing the resulting organic layer once with a saturated potassium carbonate aqueous solution and twice with water, drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: toluene), to obtain raw 4-(trans-4-trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (5.3 g). This raw product (5.3 g, 14.8 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (4.5 g, 22.2 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (3.7 mℓ, 22.2 millimols) and a mixed solvent of toluene/ethanol (1/1) (40 mℓ), followed by refluxing the mixture for 12 hours, adding water (100 mℓ) to the reaction product, extracting with ethyl acetate (200 mℓ), washing the resulting organic layer three times with a saturated sodium carbonate aqueous solution and three times with water, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure and subjecting the residue to silica gel column chromatography (effluent: toluene), to obtain raw (E)-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (3.8 g). This product was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/heptane (3/7), to obtain the captioned compound (1.8 g, yield: 10.3%). The following compounds (No. 352 to No. 372) were prepared according to the process of Example 12: No. 352. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-bromobenzene 353. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethylbenzene 354. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 355. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-chlorobenzene 356. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile 357. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 358. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 359. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylbenzene 360. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxypentylbenzene 361. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 362. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4,4-difluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 363. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3-fluoro-4-difluoromethylbenzene 364. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cylcohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 365. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene 366. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-fluoromethylbenzene 367. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5,5-difluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylbenzene 368. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6,6-difluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexenyl)-3,5-difluoro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzene 369. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6,6-difluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxymethylbenzene 370. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7,7-difluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-difluoromethoxybenzene 371. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7,7-difluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene 372. (E)-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7,7-difluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzene Example 13 Preparation of (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylcylohexane (a compound No. 373 of the formula (1), wherein Q represents CFH 2 ; ℓ represents 1; m, o and p each represent 0; A 3 and ring B both represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; Z 3 represents covalent bond; L 1 and L 2 both represent H; and L 3 represents C 5 H 11 . A mixture of (3-fluoropropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (6.9 g, 17.1 millimols) with THF (40 mℓ) was cooled down to -20°C, followed by adding t-BuOK (1.9 g, 17.1 millimols) to the mixture, stirring the mixture for 30 minutes, dropwise adding to the mixture, a THF (30 mℓ) solution of trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (4.1 g, 15.5 millimols) so as to keep the temperature at -20°C, stirring the mixture at the same temperature for 2 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the quantity of ethyl acetate used for extraction was made 150 mℓ, to obtain raw trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylcyclohexane (4.2 g). This raw product (4.2 g, 13.6 millimols) was mixed with sodium benzenesulfinate dihydrate (4.1 g, 20.4 millimols), 6N-hydrochloric acid (3.4 mℓ, 20.4 millimols) and ethanol (30 mℓ), followed by heating the mixture under reflux for 18 hours, and treating the reaction product in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the quantity of ethylacetate used for extraction was made 150 ml and toluene as eluent was made heptane, to obtain raw (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylcyclohexane (4.0 g). This product was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain the captioned compound (1.0 g, yield: 20.8%). Cr room temperature or lower S B 108.5-108.8 I so The following compounds (No. 374 to No. 425) were prepared according to the process of Example 13: No. 374. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylcyclohexane 375. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane 376. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane 377. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylcyclohexane 378. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-nonylcyclohexane 379. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-hexylcyclohexane 380. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylcyclohexane 381. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 382. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propoxycyclohexane 383. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane 384. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylcyclohexane 385. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 386. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethoxyethylcyclohexane 387. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane 388. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylcyclohexane 389. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexenyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 390. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane 391. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 392. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethoxycyclohexane 393. (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane Cr room temperature or lower S B 88.9-89.2 I so 394. (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-pentylcyclohexane 395. (E)-trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 396. (E)-trans-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane 397. (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-butylcyclohexane 398. (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-ethoxycyclohexane 399. (E)-trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(5-fluoropentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 400. (E)-trans-(2-trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-pentenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-propoxymethylcyclohexane 401. (E)-trans-(2-trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-methoxymethylcyclohexane 402. (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-methoxyethylcyclohexane 403. (E)-trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 404. (E)-trans-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexenyl)ethyl)-4-methoxycyclohexane 405. (E)-trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 406. (E)-trans-4-(2-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane 407. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-ethylcyclohexane 408. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane 409. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylcyclohexane 410. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butoxycyclohexane 411. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-heptylcyclohexane 412. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 413. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxymethylcyclohexane 414. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylcyclohexane 415. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 416. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propoxycyclohexane 417. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(5-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 418. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-2-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxyethylcyclohexane 419. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-propylcyclohexane 420. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(6-fluoro-3-hexenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 421. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methoxycyclohexane 422. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoroheptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 423. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-butylcyclohexane 424. (E)-trans-4-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-3-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile 425. (E)-trans-(trans-4-(trans-4-(7-fluoro-4-heptenyl)cyclohexyl)cyclohexyl)-4-methylcyclohexane Examples using the compound of the present invention as a component of the liquid crystal composition will be described hereinafter. In the respective use Examples, NI represents clearing point (°C); Δε represents a dielectric anisotropy value; Δn represents an optical anisotropy value; η represents a rotatory viscosity at 20°C (cP) ; V 10 represents a threshold voltage (V); and K represents a ratio (K 33 /K 11 ) of bend elastic coefficient (K 33 ) to splay elastic coefficient (K 11 ) at 20°C. Example 14 (Use example 1) A liquid crystal composition, ZLI-1132 made by Merck Company, consisting of liquid crystal compounds of cyanophenylcyclohexane group ((4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (24% by weight), 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (36% by weight), 4-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (25% by weight) and 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (15% by weight)) has the following physical properties: NI: 72.4, Δε: 11.0, Δn: 0.137, η: 27.0, V 10 : 1.78 in a cell thickness of 9 µm and K: 2.12. With this composition (85% by weight) was mixed a compound of Example 1 (No. 1), (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (15% by weight), to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition. The vlaues of the physical properties of this composition were as follows: NI: 69.6, Δε: 11.6, Δn: 0.138, η: 28.9, V 10 : 1.68 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm and K: 2.28. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 15 (Use example 2) With the above liquid crystal composition, ZLI-1132 (85% by weight), was mixed a compound of Example 2 (No. 35), (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (15% by weight), to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition. The vlaues of the physical properties of this composition were as follows: NI: 91.0, Δε: 11.6, Δn: 0.155, η: 36.7, V 10 : 1.91 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm and K: 2.50. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer of -20°C, but neither of deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 16 (Use example 3) A liquid crystal composition, ZLI-1083, made by Merck Company, consisting of liquid crystal compounds of cyanophenylcyclohexane group ((4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (30% by weight), 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (40% by weight) and 4-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)benzonitrile (30% by weight)) has the following physical properties: NI: 52.3, Δε: 10.7, Δn: 0.119, η: 21.7, V 10 : 1.60 in a cell thickness of 9 µm and K: 2.10. With this composition (85% by weight) was mixed a compound of Example 3 (No. 72), (E)-4-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4'-chlorobiphenyl (15% by weight), to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition. The values of the physical properties of this composition were as follows: NI: 65.4, Δε: η: 10.7, Δn: 0.131, 25.1, V 10 : 1.66 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm and K: 2.20. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 17 (Use example 4) With the above liquid crystal composition, ZLI-1132 (85% by weight) was mixed a compound of Example 13 (No. 373) ((E)-trans-(trans-4-(4-fluorobutenyl)cyclohexyl)-4-pentylcyclohexane) (15% by weight), to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition. The values of the physical properties of this composition were as follows: NI: 73.2, Δε: η: 9.5, Δn: 0.125, η: 23.5, V 10 : 1.74 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm and K: 1.90. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 18 (Use example 5) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 21 were as follows: NI: 106.4, Δε: 5.2, Δn: 0.107, η: 28.4 and V 10 : 2.28 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of cells nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 19 (Use example 6) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 22 were as follows: NI: 105.6, Δε: 4.2, Δn: 0.120, η: 27.1 and V 10 : 2.57 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 20 (Use example 7) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 23 were as follows: NI: 107.2, Δε: 5.2, Δn: 0.137, η: 26.1 and V 10 : 2.51 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 21 (Use example 8) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 24 were as follows: NI: 115.1, Δε: η: 4.6, Δn: 0.090, η: 26.2 and V 10 : 2.38 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 22 (Use example 9) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 25 were as follows: NI: 57.9, Δε: η: 7.0, Δn: 0.082, η: 26.3 and V 10 : 1.44 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 23 (Use example 10) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 26 were as follows: NI: 105.9, Δε: 9.4, Δn: 0.155, η: 29.7 and V 10 : 1.83 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 24 (Use example 11) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 27 were as follows: NI: 90.7, Δε: 7.1, Δn: 0.154, η: 23.9 and V 10 : 2.05 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 25 (Use example 12) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 28 were as follows: NI: 70.9, Δε: η: 10.8, Δn: 0.145, η: 36.8 and V 10 : 1.37 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 26 (Use example 13) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 29 were as follows: NI: 126.7, Δε: 6.4, Δn: 0.181, η: 42.2 and V 10 : 2.39 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 27 (Use example 14) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 30 were as follows: NI: 106.6, Δε: η: 13.6, Δn: 0.138, η: 36.8 and V 10 : 1.50 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 28 (Use Example 15) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 31 were as follows: NI: 86.8, Δε: 8.9, Δn: 0.134, η: 23.3 and V 10 : 1.86 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 29 (Use example 16) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 32 were as follows: NI: 88.0, Δε: η: 8.6, Δn: 0.109, η: 33.1 and V 10 : 1.57 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 30 (Use example 17) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 33 were as follows: NI: 79.7, Δε: η: 6.4, Δn: 0.154, η: 26.5 and V 10 : 1.76 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 31 (Use example 18) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 34 were as follows: NI: 101.7, Δε: η: 8.0, Δn: 0.141, η: 44.8 and V 10 : 1.77 in a cell thickness of 8.8 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 32 (Use example 19) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 35 were as follows: NI: 62.1, Δε: η: 29.0, Δn: 0.159, η: 69.6 and V 10 : 0.72 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Example 33 (Use example 20) The physical properties of the nematic liquid crystal composition of Composition example 36 were as follows: NI: 114.2, Δε: η: 3.8, Δn: 0.095, η: 21.6 and V 10 : 2.86 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm. This composition was allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, but neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. Comparative example 1 (Use comparative example 1) With the above liquid crystal composition, ZLI-1132 (85% by weight) was mixed (E)-4-(trans-4-(butenyl)cyclohexyl)benzonitrile (Proc. 4th International Display Research Conference, San Diego, 231-234 (1984)), which has been said to have a large elastic constant, (15% by weight), to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition. The values of the physical properties of this composition were as follows: NI: 69.1, Δε: 11.3, Δn: 0.137, η: 26.7 and V 10 : 1.55 in a cell thickness of 8.7 µm and K: 2.20. This composition together with the liquid crystal composition of Example 14 were allowed to stand in a freezer at -20°C, and in the case of the former, deposition of crystals was observed in 20 days, but in the case of the latter, neither deposition of crystals nor smectic phase were observed even after 60 days lapsed. (Effectiveness of the Invention) As seen from the above description either of the compounds of the present invention, i.e. compounds having a fluoroalkenyl group introduced into the molecule, have a high elastic constant ratio (K 33 /K 11 ) and further, have an improved solubility thereof in other liquid crystal materials at low temperatures. Thus, when the compounds of the present invention are used as a component of liquid crystal compositions, they have a characteristic of being superior in the solubility in other liquid crystal materials, and when the six-membered ring, substituent and/or bonding group thereof are suitably chosen, it is possible to provide a novel liquid crystal composition having desired physical properties.

Claims: A liquid crystalline compound of the formula (1) wherein Q represents -CF 2 H or -CFH 2 ; A 1 , A 2 and A 3 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring may be replaced by F, Cℓ or CN, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group or a 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; ring B represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be replaced at its lateral position by groups L, and L 2 noted below; Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent a covalent bond or a group -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -OCO-, -COO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -(CH 2 ) 2 - or -(CH 2 ) 4 -; ℓ and m each independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 to 5; o and p each independently represent 0 or 1; L1 and L2 each independently represent H, F or Cℓ; and L3 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, -CN, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH 2 , -OCF3, -OCF 2 H, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group or a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group [wherein optional non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH 2 -) in the alkyl group or the alkenyl group may each independently be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-]. A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 1 wherein Q represents CFH 2 . A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 1, wherein Q represents CF 2 H. A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 2 wherein Q represents 1 or 2; m and o represent 0; p represents 0 or 1; Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent a covalent bond or -(CH 2 ) 2 -; and ring B represents a 1,4-phenylene group whose lateral site can be replaced. A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 2 wherein ℓ represents 1 or 2; m and o represent 0; p represents 0 or 1; Z2 and Z3 each represent a covalent bond or -(CH 2 ) 2 -; and ring B represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 4 or claim 5 wherein L3 represents a halogen atom, -CN, -CF 3 , -CF 2 H, -CFH 2 , -OCF 3 , or -OCF 2 H. A liquid cyrstalline compound according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein L3 represents H, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group atoms or a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group [wherein optional non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH 2 -) in the alkyl group or alkenyl group may each independently be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-]. A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 6, wherein p represents 0; Z 3 represents a covalent bond; and A 3 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. A liquid crystalline compound according to claim 6, wherein p represents 1; Z 2 and Z 3 each represent a covalent bond; A 2 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group ; and A 3 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group. A liquid crystal composition containing at least one kind of liquid crystalline compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, optionally also containing as a second component, (A) at least one compound chosen from those expressed by the formulae (2), (3) or (4): wherein R 1 represents a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group; Y represents F, Cℓ, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OCF 2 H or a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group; L 4 , L 5 , L 6 and L 7 each independently represent H or F; Z4 and Z5 each independently represent -(CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH=CH or a covalent bond; ring D represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group; a represents 1 or 2; and b represents 0 or 1; and/or (B) at least one compound chosen from those expressed by the following formulas (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9): wherein R 2 represents F, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group or a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group wherein optional non-adjacent methylene groups (-CH 2 -) may be replaced by an oxygen atom (-O-); Z 6 represents -(CH 2 ) 2 -, -COO- or a covalent bond; L 8 and L 9 each independently represent H or F; E represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group; ring G represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group; and c and d each independently represents 0 or 1; wherein R 3 represents a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group; L 10 represents H or F; and e represents 0 or 1; wherein R 4 represents a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group; I represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group; L 11 represents H or F; Z7 represents -COO- or a covalent bond; Z 8 represents -COO- or -C≡C-; and f and g each independently represent 0 or 1; R 5 -J-Z 9 -K-R 6 wherein R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group or a C 1 -C 10 alkoxymethyl group; J represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group or 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; K represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group; and Z 9 represents -C=C-, -COO-, -(CH 2 ) 2 - or a covalent bond; or wherein R 7 represents a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group or a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group; R8 represents a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group wherein optional non-adjacent methylene groups may be replaced by an oxygen atom (-O-); M represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,3-pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; rings N and P each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group; Z 10 represents -COO-, -(CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH=CH- or a covalent bond; Z 11 represents -C≡C-, -COO- or a covalent bond; h represents 0 or 1; and L 12 represents H or F. A liquid crystal display element constituted by using a liquid crystal composition set forth in claim 10.

Inventors: FUJITA ATSUKO, GOTO YASUYUKI, KONDO TOMOYUKI, MIYAZAWA KAZUTOSHI, NAKAGAWA ETSUO, OHNISHI NORIYUKI, SAWADA SHINICHI, FUJITA, ATSUKO, GOTO, YASUYUKI, KONDO, TOMOYUKI, MIYAZAWA, KAZUTOSHI, NAKAGAWA, ETSUO, OHNISHI, NORIYUKI, SAWADA, SHINICHI
Applicants: CHISSO CORP, CHISSO CORPORATION
Application year: 1995
Main classification: C09K19
IPC codes: C09K19, C07C255, C07C22, C07C43, C07C17, C07C25