CUTTING INSERT AND CUTTING TOOL FOR A PEELING OPERATION

Abstract: The present invention provides an insert and a tool provided with the insert which enables the usage of one single type of inserts to achieve close tolerances and good surface finish at bar peeling. It is characteristic that the insert is provided with curved edge surface all around whereby each edge surface between two corners comprises two convexly curved surface portions (13a, 13b) which are separated by a flat surface portion (22) having straight intersection lines (23, 24) at its intersection between portion (22) and the upper chip face (11).

Description: Cutting insert and cutting tool for a peeling operation The present invention relates to a cutting insert and cutting tool for a bar peeling operation performed in stainless steel or other heat resistant materials wherein the insert has a polygonal form including an upper chip face, an opposite bottom face and a clearance face located therebetween, whereby the intersection of the chip face and the clearance face forms a cutting edge. Bar peeling as a metalworking operation means that a bar is axially displaced through a rotary cutter head, the cutter head of which is provided with several distantly around the periphery arranged tools which remove from the bar a thin layer of millscale, surface cracks, etc., that results from the hot rolling of such bars or tubes. In order to achieve the best results regarding tolerances and surface finish, two different types of inserts are usually combined in the same holder. DE-3540665 discloses such tools equipped with a round roughing insert and a finishing insert usually having straight edges. EP-A-131 784 discloses a bar peeling tool with an insert having angularly broken edges. Such inserts, however, have somewhat limited utility because they do not enable desired results to be achieved in terms of tolerances and surface finish when large feeds are involved. In view thereof, it is a purpose of this invention to provide a new type of insert and a tool will satisfy close tolerance demands and enable very good surface finish to be achieved at the same time as the tool becomes more economic due to the usage of only one type of insert. It is another purpose of the invention to provide an insert with an extended lifetime. It is yet another purpose of the invention to provide an insert which can more efficiently reduce and counter the tendency for vibrations to occur during a metal cutting operation. The invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof in connection with the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an insert for bar peeling of the invention; Fig. 2 is a side view of a tool holder equipped with an insert according to the invention; and Fig. 3 is a side view of the tool holder and the insert of the invention. An insert according to the invention is shown in Fig. 1 which comprises a polygonal body 10 which includes an upper chip face 11, an opposite bottom face 12 that is parallel with the chip face 11, and clearance edge surfaces located between the faces 11, 12, two of which are visible in Fig. 1. The intersection lines between chip face 11 and said edge surfaces represent cutting edges 15, 16, 17. The edge clearance faces are oriented substantially perpendi¬ cularly in relation to chip face 11 and bottom face 12. The insert body has a central aperture 18 which extends entirely through the insert body to receive a suitable clamping screw or lever arm of an associated tool holder 19. In accordance with the invention the insert has three edge surfaces which are convexly curved two such surfaces 13 and 14 being visible in Fig. 1, said surfaces intersecting with the chip face 11 to provide convex cutting edges 15 and 16 respectively. With the tool holder 19 shown in Fig. 2 the active edge that is engaged with the workpiece 20 is designated 15. Although the insert body 10 in this embodi¬ ment is provided with a central aperture 18 for the receipt of a central locking screw 21 it is to be understood that such insert could alternatively be solid and clamped into its holder 19 by means of a clamp body that is urged against the chip face of such insert body. The curvature of the convex cutting edges 15, 16 is such that the edges are tangentially provided in regard of an imaginary circle C inscribed in said insert. The two edges 15, 16 meet at a corner D at an angle a of 120-140°. It is also characteristic that the bisector B in the radially innermost corner E is forming an acute angle β with a normal N which extends through same corner E whilst at the same time forming a right angle with the central line S of symmetry of the workpiece 20 which in this case is a cylindrical bar with which the insert 10 engages for metal cutting at cutting depth h-_. The tool holder is intended to do active work whilst simultaneously feeding the workpiece 20 forward in direction of arrow P. As a result of simultaneous turning of said workpiece a chip is peeled off from said workpiece whereby the main cutting edge 15 is active during said working. It is especially characteristic that the curved edge surface is curved with a unitary radius and can be characterized as composed of two curved edge surfaces which are separated by a flat surface portion 22 with straight edges 23, 24 at the intersection between the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12. This surface 22 is intended to be a bevelled phase aimed to generate a smooth surface in the axial direction of the workpiece 20. The longitudinal extension of the flat surface portion could vary as well as its location on the edge surface. The location of the flat surface will depend upon the depth h^ at which it is desirable to perform metalworking. If material is to be subject of working at a larger depth h λ the flat surface will have to be located further away from the active corner D since a somewhat larger angle β is a result of the in- creased degree of turning in relation to the normal N, see Fig. 2. In order to achieve desirable chipworking at sufficient cutting depth the insert is to be provided with chip breaking recesses at a certain distance from the edges 25, 26, 27, said recesses having increased width in direc- tion towards adjacent corners. These recesses are provided with a longitudinal extension such that they extend along the entire main cutting edge and at least half the length of the edge 23 associated with said flat surface 22. There is a planar surface portion 28 between the cutting edge 15 and the recess 25, said portion being oriented perpendi¬ cular from the edge surface 13 in order to serve as an edge reinforcement. The above outlined insert appearance with convex edge surfaces will enable a larger abutment surface in the insert pocket and a more stable support due to the insert being urged into its pocket during tensioning of the centre screw 21, the centre line of which is preferably arranged eccentrically in relation to that of the central hole. By using an insert with a rather large radius along the main cutting edge 15 good metalworking capacity and simultaneously reduced sensitivity for vibrations is achieved. A good fixed clamping can be achieved in com¬ parison with a round insert. Since the setting angle varies from a certain angle value down to 0°, thanks to the curved edge, the lifetime of such insert can be improved during intermittent metalworking. In Fig. 3 there is illustrated how the insert 10 is obliquely oriented in its holder 19 to achieve a suitable clearance angle during working. The in¬ sert 10 is arranged such that it is inclined in relation to a horizontal plane extending through axis S at an angle in the range 2-4°. At the same time the insert is tilted for- wardly at the same angle Q , i.e. it is inclined in a direction that is perpendicular from said first tilting direction. Although the invention is illustrated and described in the shape of an insert with negative basic shape, i.e. a shape in which the edge surfaces 13, 14 and surface 22 are oriented at right angle from the upper chip face 11 and the lower face 12 it is to be understood that the invention is also applicable with positive inserts, i.e. a shape where edge surfaces 13, 14 and surface 22 intersect with the plane of the upper rake face 11 at an acute angle.

Claims: Claims 1. A cutting insert for bar peeling comprising an insert body (10) including an upper rake face (11) and an opposite bottom surface (12) and an edge surface (13, 14) there¬ between, said clearance face intersecting said top rake face to form a cutting edge (15, 16) said insert having three separate mainly continously curved convex cutting edges (15, 16, 17) which meet as pairs in the cutting corners, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the curved surface between two corners includes two convexly curved surface portions (13a, 13b) which are separated by a flat surface portion (22) with straight intersection edges (23, 24) at the intersection line between portion (22) and the upper rake face and at the intersection line between the portion (22) and the bottom surface (12) . 2. Cutting insert as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the flat surface portion (22) is provided in a plane that extends perpendicularly from the two opposed plane parallel top and bottom surfaces (11 and 12 respecively) . 3. Cutting insert as defined in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the chip face (11) of the insert is provided with recesses (25, 26, 27) located at a distance from the cutting edges (15, 16, 17) aimed to act as chip breakers. 4. Cutting insert as defined in any of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the recesses (25, 26, 27) have increasing width towards the cutting corners. 5. Cutting insert as defined in any of claims 1-4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the surface portion (28) between the cutting edges (15, 16, 17) and the recesses are provided in a plane that extends perpendicularly from the edge surfaces (13, 14) aimed to serve as edge reinforcements. 6. Cutting insert as defined in any of claims 3-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the recesses (25, 26, 27) each has a longitudinal extension that extends both along the main cutting edges (15, 16, 17) as well as along at least half the length of the upper edge (23) associated with the surface portion (22) . 7. Tool for bar peeling, comprising a rotary head provided with tool holders (15) each of which is provided with a releasable insert (10) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the insert has basic triangular form where each edge sur¬ face comprises two convexly curved surface portions (13a, 13b) separated by a flat surface portion (22) having straight intersection edges (23, 24) at the intersection with the upper and lower surface (11 and 12) of the insert. 8. Tool as defined in claim 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the insert (10) is so obliquely inclined in the holder (19) that it appears with an acute inclination angle ( Q ) of 2-4° in relation to a horizontal plane that in- eludes the central axis (S) of the workpiece.

Inventors: HANSSON SOELVE, SCHREIBER RONALD, HANSSON, SOELVE, SCHREIBER, RONALD
Applicants: HANSSON SOELVE, SANDVIK AB, SCHREIBER RONALD, HANSSON, SOELVE, SCHREIBER, RONALD
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B23B5
IPC codes: B23B5, B23B27