Method of lining the internal surface of a pipe

Abstract: There is provided a method of lining the internal surface of a pipe particularly an underground pipe. Resin is injected into one end of the pipe and a lining pig is inserted in the pipe behind the resin. Positive and Negative pressures are applied behind and in front of the resin respectively. The pressures are controlled to produce a stabilised pressure differential to move the resin and pig through the pipe thereby lining the pipe. A pipe having one or more branch pipes can be lined.

Description: The present invention relates to a method of lining the internal surface of a pipe, particularly to a method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground gas pipe, a water pipe, etc. for the purpose of internal surface repair or rehabilitation. A known pipeline resin lining method is illustrated in Fig. 8 of the accompanying drawings in which a necessary amount of resin A and a spherical lining pig 112 are introduced into an existing underground pipe 111 and are moved forward through the pipe, so that a resin lining layer M is formed on the internal surface of the pipe 111. In detail, using equipments as illustrated in Fig. 8, a valve 126 is opened and an air blower 118 is switched on, so that a necessary amount of resin received in a resin tank 116 is injected into the underground pipe 111 through a resin supply hose 120 and an inlet pipe section 114. Then, the spherical lining pig 112 is inserted into the pipe 111 by temporarily detaching one end of the hose 120 from the inlet pipe section 114. Subsequently, by continually operating the air blower 118, pressurised air is supplied into the pipe 111 behind the resin A and the lining pig 112 through the same path. In this way, the resin A and the lining pig 112 are driven through the pipe 111 along the entire length thereof, so that the resin lining layer M is formed on the internal surface of the pipe 111. However, since there may be some uneven interior surfaces such as corrosion pits and surface scale buildup, within the underground pipe 111, the resin A and lining pig 112 will move against a relatively large resistance, making it necessary to apply a much larger air pressure behind the resin A and lining pig 112 in the pipe 111. But, if a larger air pressure is applied, a problem such as resin blow-off will occur on the resin lining layer M which has just been formed on the internal surface of the pipe 111, particularly such resin blow-off often appears in a seriously corroded area involving corrosion pin holes. On the other hand, if merely suction force (not shown) is used to force the resin A and the lining pig 112 through the pipe 111, and if such suction force is quite large in order to overcome various moving resistance as described above, it will be difficult for the resin to fill the corrosion pits or pin holes on the pipe interior surface. Moreover, the above-described method as shown in Fig. 8 fails to perform a resin lining treatment on an existing underground pipe having a branch pipe, as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12. Referring to Figs. 9 and 10, since an existing pipe a includes a branch pipe b communicated with the pipe a , a part of lining resin c will flow into the branch pipe b , resulting in the branch pipe being clogged by the resin, and hence making it impossible to supply gas or water from the pipe a to the pipe b upon the hardening of the resin. In order to solve the problem shown in Figs. 11 and 12, an air pressure substantially equal to that for pushing the resin c and lining pig d , is applied from an open end of the branch pipe b so as to prevent he resin c from entering the branch pipe b . However, if a branch pipe b has a large diameter or if the resin c has a comparatively low viscosity, a pressure applied through the open end of the branch pipe b will cause an airway e to be formed in the invaded part of the resin c , as shown in Fig. 12. As a result, it will be difficult to completely prevent the resin c from entering the branch pipe b . A method of lining an inner surface of a pipe is disclosed in EP-A-0593 264. In this method, a lining pig, resin and a blocking pig are introduced into one end of the pipe and are forced through the pipe to the opposite end of the pipe by applying a pressurised liquid behind the resin and the blocking pig. A negative pressure is then applied to the pipe to suck out the liquid and cause the resin and both pigs to be withdrawn back through the pipe. The movement of the resin and the lining pig through the pipe apply a coating of resin to the wall of the pipe. A method of lining an inner surface of a pipe is also disclosed in US-A-5230842. After treatments for cleaning, etching, neutralising and drying the inner surface, a quantity of resin is inserted into the pipe with a pig assembly at each end of the quantity of resin. A positive air pressure is applied to both ends of the pipe, i.e. to opposite sides of the pigs and resin. By adjusting the air pressure at one side to be greater than the air pressure at the other side, the two pig assemblies and the resin is displaced through the pipe causing a layer to be applied to the wall of the pipe. However this method which correspond to the preamble of claim 1 results in a rather large total pressure being exerted inside the pipe. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved pipe lining method. Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved pipe lining method capable, of successfully lining a pipe involving a branch pipe, without any trouble during lining process. According to the present invention, a method of lining the internal surface of a pipe, said method comprising the steps of; injecting a necessary amount of resin into the pipe from an open end thereof; inserting a lining pig into the pipe behind the resin; applying a substantially stabilised pressure differential across the resin and the lining pig to cause the resin and lining pig to move through the pipe along the entire length thereof so as to form a resin lining layer on the internal surface of the pipe; in which the step of applying a pressure differential includes the step of applying a positive pressure produced by an air blower behind the resin and lining pig in the pipe; detecting the positive pressure in the pipe, and controlling the air blower so that the positive pressure in the pipe is constantly maintained within a predetermined range; the method being characterised by the further step of applying a negative pressure produced by a suction pump in front of the resin and lining pig in the pipe, detecting the negative pressure on the pipe, and controlling the suction pump so that the negative pressure in the pipe is constantly maintained within a predetermined range. Where the pipe comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe connected with the main pipe, the invention is characterised in that prior to the step of injecting a necessary amount of resin into the main pipe a necessary amount of resin is injected into the branch pipe from an open end thereof, a pig apparatus is inserted into the branch pipe behind the resin, a positive pressure is applied behind the resin and pig apparatus in the branch pipe to cause the resin and pig apparatus to move forward until the entire internal surface of the branch pipe is lined with the resin and until the pig apparatus reaches and passes slightly beyond the position where the branch pipe branches from the main pipe, a negative pressure is applied behind the pig apparatus in the branch pipe to cause the pig apparatus to stop at the branch position so that the branch pipe is completely isolated from the main pipe and thereafter the resin lining layer is formed on the internal surface of the main pipe and finally a positive pressure is applied in the branch pipe behind the pig apparatus stopped at the branch position to cause the pig apparatus to drop into the main pipe from where it is removed. The above objects and features of the present invention will become more really understood from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground pipe, according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground main pipe having a branch pipe connected to it according to an aspect of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional and partially elevational view illustrating a pig apparatus in operation in a branch pipe, according to the aspect of the present invention, Fig. 4 is an elevational and partially sectional view illustrating a front pig member of the pig apparatus shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a rear pig member of the pig apparatus shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 6 is an elevational and partially sectional view illustrating the operation of the pig apparatus, according to the aspect of the present invention, Fig. 7 is an explanatory view illustrating an airtight test performed on the branch pipe after it has been lined with a resin and isolated from the main pipe, Fig. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating a conventional method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground pipe. Fig. 9 is an explanatory view illustrating a conventional method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground pipe involving a branch pipe. Fig. 10 is an explanatory view illustrating a conventional method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground pipe involving a branch pipe. Referring to Fig. 1, reference numeral 40 is an existing underground pipe, the internal surface of which is to be coated with a resin for purposes of interior surface repair or rehabilitation. Before lining treatment, a pit B and a pit C are respectively dug to have both ends of the pipe 40 exposed. Then, various equipments for the resin lining treatment are arranged and connected in a manner as shown in Fig. 1. At first, by opening a valve 55 and operating an air blower 48, a pressurised air is supplied through a hose 57 into a resin tank 46, so that a necessary amount of resin received beforehand in the resin tank 46 is introduced into the underground pipe 40 through a hose 41 and an inlet pipe section 54. Then, by detaching one end of the hose 41 from the inlet pipe section 54, a lining pig 52 is introduced behind the resin A into the pipe 40 through the inlet pipe section 54. Subsequently, by continually operating the air blower 48, the resin A and the lining pig 52 begin to move forwardly from one end 40a toward other end 40b of the existing pipe 40. Meanwhile, a valve 58 is opened and a suction pump 42 is operated, so that a negative pressure (a suction force) is applied in front of the resin A in the pipe 40, by way of a hose 56 and an outlet pipe section 53. With a positive pressure (a pushing force) acting behind the resin A and the lining pig 52, and with a negative pressure (a suction force) acting ahead of the resin A and the lining pig 52, the resin A and the lining pig 52 are smoothly moved forward through the pipe 40 along the entire length thereof, thus a resin lining layer M is formed on the internal surface of the pipe 40. Any extra resin is recovered through the outlet pipe section 53 and the hose 56 into a resin receiver 43. Since the resin A and lining pig 52 are forced to move through the pipe 40 by a pressure differential caused by the positive pressure and the negative pressure, the positive pressure applied behind the resin A and the lining pig 52 is allowed to be greatly lowered, as compared with a conventional method where merely a positive pressure (a pushing force) is employed. Further, as indicated in Fig. 1, the air blower 48 is provided with a pressure detecting/controlling means 541 to detect the positive pressure within the pipe 40 and control the air blower 48 so that the positive pressure in the pipe 40 is constantly maintained within a predetermined range. On the other hand, the suction pump 42 is also provided with a pressure detecting/controlling means 50 to detect the negative pressure in the pipe 40 and control the suction pump 42 so that the negative pressure in the pipe 40 is constantly maintained within a predetermined range. Therefore, the pressure differential across the resin A and the lining pig 52 is maintained constant within a desired predetermined range, irrespective of various pressure changes possibly occurred within the pipe 40. With the use of the thus stabilised pressure differential, the resin A and the lining pig 52 will move in a stabilised speed so as to obtain a stabilised resin lining speed. In this way, it is allowed to form an even resin lining layer having a uniform thickness on the internal surface of the pipe 40. Also, since the positive pressure being applied behind the resin A and the lining pig 52 is greatly lowered as compared with a conventional method which employs a positive pressure only, it becomes possible to prevent the problem of resin blow-off which otherwise will occur on the resin lining layer M which has just been formed on the internal surface of the pipe 40. Besides, with the use of this method, since the negative pressure is also greatly lowered as compared with the conventional method which use a negative pressure (suction force) only, it becomes possible for the resin to fill the corrosion pits or pin holes on the pipe interior surface. Fig. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of lining the internal surface of an existing underground pipe which includes a branch pipe, according to a second aspect of the present invention. In Fig. 2, reference numeral 1 is an existing underground pipe (hereinafter referred to as main pipe), reference numeral 2 is a branch pipe branching from the main pipe 1 through a service tee 2b. The internal surfaces of both the main pipe 1 and the branch pipe 2 are to be coated with a resin for purposes of interior surface repair and rehabilitation. Before lining treatment, a pit B and a pit C are respectively dug to have both ends of the pipe 1 exposed. Then, various equipments for the resin lining treatment are arranged and connected in a manner as shown in Fig. 2. In detail, a resin tank 4 is connected with an open end la of the pipe 1 through a hose 3 and an inlet pipe section 9a. An air blower 5 is connected with the resin tank 4 through a hose 5a and a valve 7. The air blower 5 is provided with a pressure detecting/controlling means 8 for detecting a positive pressure in the pipe 1 and for controlling the operation of the air blower 5 to have the positive pressure in the pipe 1 maintained within a predetermined range. On the other hand, a suction pump 11 is connected with the other open end 1b of the pipe 1 through a hose 10, a valve 13 and an outlet pipe section 9b. Also, the suction pump 11 is provided with a pressure detecting/controlling means 14 for detecting a negative pressure in the pipe 1 and for controlling the operation of the suction pump 11 to have the negative pressure in the pipe 1 maintained within a predetermined range. In addition, a resin receiver 12 is connected with the hose 10 to recover extra resin from the resin lining operation. Detachably connected to an open end 2a of the branch pipe 2 is a resin cassette 21 which is filled with a necessary amount of resin for coating the internal surface of the branch pipe 2. The other end of the resin cassette 21 is connected through a change-over means 22, to the air blower 5 via a hose 23 (involving a valve 25) and the hose 5a, and to the suction pump 11 via a hose 24 (involving a valve 26) and the hose 11a. Therefore, by properly operating the changeover means 22, it is possible to apply either a positive pressure or a negative pressure into the branch pipe 2 through the resin cassette 21. A pig apparatus 27 is provided to perform a resin lining treatment in the branch pipe 2. As illustrated in Fig. 3, the pig apparatus 27 comprises a front ball-like pig member 27a and a rear ball-like pig member 27b, both of which are connected with each other by elongate flexible means 28 such as a rope. Each of the pig members 27a and 27b has an appropriate outer diameter such that a resin lining layer having a thickness j may be formed on the internal surface of the branch pipe 2. Referring to Fig. 4, the front ball-like pig member 27a has, around its rear portion at a position offset from the center point of the ball, a reversible skirt-like diaphragm 29 which is made of a cloth, a leather, a synthetic leather or other materials. Further, the reversible skirt-like diaphragm 29 is constructed such that the diaphragm 29 will be reversed at the moment the front ball-like pig member 27a changes its direction of movement. Referring to Figs. 3 and 5, the rear ball-like pig member 27b has a plurality of through holes 31 which are horizontally formed through the pig member 27b. In particular, each of the through holes 31 includes a large diameter portion 31a and a small diameter portion 31b, as shown in Fig. 3. Each of the large diameter portions 31a contains a ball member 30 having a diameter larger than that of the small diameter portion 31b, and has an annular opening 31c on the ball surface which allows air passing but stops the ball member 30. In this way, each of the through holes 31 including the large diameter portion 31a and a small diameter portion 31b, together with the ball member 30 and the annular opening 31c, constitute a kind of valve means, such that when the rear ball-like pig member 27b is moving forwardly the valve means are opened, whereas when the rear pig member 27b is moving backwardly the valve means are closed. Namely, as illustrated in Fig. 3, if a positive pressure is applied behind the pig apparatus 27, the valve means are opened so that the pig apparatus 27 as a whole will move forwardly. On the other hand, if a negative pressure ( a suction force ) is applied behind the pig apparatus 27, the valve means will be closed so that the pig apparatus 27 as a whole will move backwardly. The operation for lining the internal surface of the main pipe 1 and the branch pipe 2 will be described as follows. Referring to Fig. 2, at first, the resin cassette 21 loaded with a necessary amount of resin A' for lining the internal surface of the branch pipe 2 and loaded with the pig apparatus 27 for such lining treatment, is connected with the open end 2a of the branch pipe 2. Then, the change-over means 22 is operated and the valve 25 is opened such that the resin cassette 21 becomes communicated with the air blower 5. Subsequently, by operating the air blower 5, the resin A' together with the pig apparatus 27 are introduced into the branch pipe 2 and moved forward therethrough, so that a resin lining layer having a thickness j is formed on the internal surface of the branch pipe 2, as shown in Fig. 3. As soon as the lining treatment in the branch pipe 2 is finished and the pig apparatus 27 reaches a position shown by the dotted line in Fig. 6, the pig apparatus 27 will stop automatically because the resin A is used up and an air way is formed therethrough so that the positive pressure from behind is no longer effective on the pig apparatus 27. At the same time, the change-over means 22 is operated again and the valve 26 is opened such that the resin cassette 21 becomes communicated with the suction pump 11, By the operation of the suction pump 11, a negative pressure ( a suction force ) is applied on the pig apparatus 27 through the hose 24 and the resin cassette 21, in such an appropriate extent that the pig apparatus 27 is slightly drawn back and stopped in a position shown by the solid line in Fig. 6, thereby causing the reversible skirt-like diaphragm 29 to be reversed. As a result, the branch pipe 2 is completely isolated from the main pipe 1 by the reversed skirt-like diaphragm 29 which is in a tight contact with the inner wall of the tee member 2b. Afterwards, by opening the valve 7 and operating the air blower 5, a necessary amount of resin A received in the resin tank 4 for lining the internal surface of the main pipe 1, is introduced into the pipe 1 through the hose 3 and inlet pipe section 9a. Then, a lining pig 6 is inserted behind the resin A into the pipe 1 through the inlet pipe section 9a by temporarily detaching one end of the hose 3 from the inlet pipe section 9a. Subsequently, with the valve 13 opened, and with both the air blower 5 and the suction pump 11 in operation, the resin A and the lining pig 6 are forced forward through the main pipe 1 along the entire length thereof, so that a resin lining layer M is formed on the internal surface of the pipe 1. With the use of the pressure detecting/controlling means 8 provided for the air blower 5, and with the use of the pressure detecting/controlling means 14 provided for the suction pump 11, the pressure differential across the resin A and the lining pig 6 is maintained constant within a desired predetermined range, irrespective of various pressure changes possibly occurred in the pipe 1. Therefore, with the use of the stabilized pressure differential, the resin A and the lining pig 6 will move in a stabilized speed so as to obtain a stabilized resin lining speed. In this way, it is allowed to form an even resin lining layer having a uniform thickness on the internal surface of the pipe 1. Also, since the positive pressure being applied behind the resin A and the lining pig 6 is greatly lowered as compared with a conventional method which employs a positive pressure only, it becomes possible to prevent a problem of resin blow-off which otherwise will occur on the resin lining layer M which has just been formed on the internal surface of the pipe 1. Besides, with the use of this method, since a negative pressure is also greatly lowered as compared with a conventional method which use a negative pressure ( suction force ) only, it becomes possible for the resin to fill the corrosion pits or pin holes on the pipe interior surface. Since, during the whole process of lining the main pipe 1, the branch pipe 2 is completely isolated from the main pipe 1 by the reversed skirt-like diaphragm 29, the resin A is prevented from entering the branch pipe 2. After the lining treatment on the main pipe 1 is finished, the change-over means 22 is operated once more and valve 25 is opened again to have the branch pipe 2 communicated with the air blower 5. By operating the air blower 5, a positive pressure is applied behind the pig apparatus 27 in the branch pipe 2, so that the pig apparatus 27 drops into the main pipe 1 and is removed therefrom through the outlet pipe section 9b. Fig. 7 is an explanatory view illustrating an airtight test on the branch pipe 2 which has already been lined with the resin. In practice, such airtight test may be performed at the same time while the main pipe I is being treated in the lining process. As shown in Fig. 7, an airtight test unit including a pressure gauge 32 (automatically recording type) and a connecting section 33, is connected with the open end 2a of the branch pipe 2. With the service tee 2b clogged by the pig apparatus 27 and with a negative pressure applied in the branch pipe 2, a pressure condition (negative pressure) within the branch pipe 2 can be correctly red on the pressure gauge 32 and be recorded thereon. In this way, it is possible to know whether there is a leakage in the branch pipe 2 or not, so as to determined whether the lining treatment on the branch pipe 2 is completed. While the presently preferred embodiments of this invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that these disclosures are for the purpose of illustration and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims: A method of lining the internal surface of a pipe, said method comprising the steps of; injecting a necessary amount of resin into the pipe from an open end thereof; inserting a lining pig into the pipe behind the resin; applying a pressure differential across the resin and the lining pig to cause the resin and lining pig to move through the pipe along the entire length thereof so as to form a resin lining layer on the internal surface of the pipe; in which the step of applying a pressure differential includes the step of applying a positive pressure produced by an air blower behind the resin and lining pig in the pipe; detecting the positive pressure in the pipe, and controlling the air blower so that the positive pressure in the pipe is constantly maintained within a predetermined range; the method being characterised by the further step of applying a negative pressure produced by a suction pump in front of the resin and lining pig in the pipe, detecting the negative pressure on the pipe, and controlling the suction pump so that the negative pressure in the pipe is constantly maintained within a predetermined range so as to obtain a substantially stabilised pressure differential across the resin and the lining pig. A method of lining the internal surface of a pipe as claimed in claim 1 where the pipe comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe connected with the main pipe and characterised in that prior to the step of injecting a necessary amount of resin into the main pipe according to the method of claim 1, a necessary amount of resin is injected into the branch pipe from an open end thereof; a pig apparatus is inserted into the branch pipe behind the resin; a positive pressure is applied behind the resin and pig apparatus in the branch pipe to cause the resin and pig apparatus to move forward until the entire internal surface of the branch pipe is lined with the resin and until the pig apparatus reaches and passes slightly beyond the position where the branch pipe branches from the main pipe; a negative pressure is applied behind the pig apparatus in the branch pipe to cause the pig apparatus to stop at the branch position so that the branch pipe is completely isolated from the main pipe and thereafter the resin lining layer is formed on the internal surface of the main pipe and finally a positive pressure is applied in the branch pipe behind the pig apparatus stopped at the branch position to cause the pig apparatus to drop into the main pipe from where it is removed. The method according to claim 2, wherein an airtight test is performed on the branch pipe after the lining treatment thereof has been finished and while the lining treatment is being performed on the main pipe. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pig apparatus comprises a front ball-like pig member and a rear ball-like pig member, connected with each other by elongate flexible means. The method according to claim 4, wherein the front ball-like pig member is provided, around its rear portion at a position offset from the center point of the ball, with a reversible skirt-like diaphragm. The method according to claim 5, wherein thereversible skirt-like diaphragm is constructed such that the diaphragm is reversed at the moment the front ball-like member changes its direction of movement. The method according to claim 4, wherein the rear ball-like pig member has a plurality of valve means formed therethrough in the horizontal direction, such that when the rear ball-like pig member is moving forwardly the valve means are opened, whereas when the rear pig member is moving backwardly the valve means are closed.

Inventors: ITAGAKI MASAAKI, SATAKE SHINOBU, SHIGEFUJI TAKASHI, TOYODA SHIGERU, YAGI SHUICHI, YAHATA TADAO, ITAGAKI, MASAAKI, SATAKE, SHINOBU, SHIGEFUJI, TAKASHI, TOYODA, SHIGERU, YAGI, SHUICHI, YAHATA, TADAO, YAGI, SHUICHI, NO. 503, 3RD EKURERU MYORENJI BLDG
Applicants: TOKYO GAS CO LTD, TOKYO GAS CO., LTD.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: F16L55
IPC codes: F16L55, B05C7