POP-UP TEMPERATURE INDICATING DEVICE

Abstract: A pop-up thermometer (10) having an elongate housing (11) formed with a longitudinally extending bore (19), first and second internal regions (24, 25), a first internal cavity (26) and a second internal cavity (27). An indicator rod (36) slidably disposed in the bore (19) includes a front end portion (37), a first stem stretch (38) extending from the front end portion (37) and terminating in a raised portion (39), a second stem stretch (40) extending from the raised portion (39) and a rear end portion (47) spaced from the front end portion (37). The front end portion (37) and the first stem stretch (38) are positioned in the first internal cavity (26) while the second stem stretch (40) is positioned in the second internal cavity (27). The first stem stretch (38) has a lesser cross-sectional diameter than the front end portion (37) of the rod (36). A fusible material (59) subtantially fills the first internal cavity (26), engaging the front end portion (37) and at least a portion of the first stem stretch (38) to retain the indicator rod (36) in the housing (11).

Description: POP-UP TEMPERATURE INDICATING DEVICE Background of the Invention 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates in general to a temperature indicating device and, more particularly, to a pop-up temperature indicator for use in cooking foods. 2. Prior Art Pop-up thermometers have been used for measuring internal temperatures when cooking meat, poultry and the like. Such thermometers typically include a barrel- shaped housing and an indicator rod retained in the barrel by a fusible material. When a predetermined temperature is reached, the fusible material softens, releasing the indicator rod from the barrel to provide a visual indication that the product is fully cooked. With the pop-up thermometer, a consumer may safely prepare meat or poultry without overcooking the product. U.S. Patent No. 4,748,931 discloses one such pop¬ up thermometer. To ensure the thermometer provides a reliable, accurate indication of the internal temperature of the product, the fusible material must securely retain the indicator rod within the housing until the thermometer has been heated to a predetermined temperature. If the indicator rod is allowed to creep slightly out of the housing during the cooking or heating process, a user may mistakenly interpret the thermometer as indicating that the product has been sufficiently cooked. During shipment of the temperature indicating devices, the indicator rod may creep from the housing if the devices are inadvertently heated. Even if the rod moves only a minimal distance relative to the housing, the thermometer may be rendered unusable. Various factors may cause creep or premature extension of the indicator rod. During manufacture, an insufficient amount of fusible material may be added to the housing. For example, when the fusible material is supplied in pellet form, pellet breakage may result in pellet fragments being inserted in some thermometer housings. The traditional alloy materials used to retain the indicator rod in the housing are increasingly being replaced by organic materials. The organic materials generally have a lesser strength than the alloy materials, increasing the risk that the indicator rod will become displaced from the thermometer housing. This invention provides a new and improved pop-up thermometer in which the indicator rod is securely retained in the thermometer housing until a predetermined temperature is attained. Premature creep or displacement of the indicator rod is avoided even when the thermometer is exposed to elevated temperatures during shipment or storage of the device, uses an organic material to retain the indicator rod in the housing, includes less than the desired amount of fusible material, etc. Even under adverse conditions, with the present invention the indicator rod is securely retained within the housing to provide a highly accurate, reliable thermometer for indicating when meat, poultry or other products have been heated to a predetermined internal temperature. Summary of the Invention The pop-up thermometer of this invention is particularly suitable for determining the internal temperature of meat, poultry or other products. The thermometer generally includes an elongate housing formed with a longitudinally extending bore and an indicator rod. In one modification of the invention, the housing has first and second internal neck regions each having a lesser cross sectional opening than the remainder of the bore. The housing interior also includes a first internal cavity between the first neck region and the closed end of the bore and a second internal cavity between the first and second neck regions. The indicator rod is slidably disposed within the bore formed in the housing. The indicator rod includes a front end portion and a first stem stretch extending upwardly from the front end portion. The first stem stretch terminates in a raised portion intermediate the first stem stretch and a second stem stretch which extends upwardly from the raised portion of the rod. The indicator rod also includes a rear end portion spaced from the front end of the rod. The first and second stem stretches have a lesser cross sectional diameter than the front end portion and the raised portion of the indicator rod, increasing the surface area of the forward portion of the indicator rod. When the indicator rod is inserted into the housing, the front end and first stem stretch are positioned in the first internal cavity while the second stem stretch is positioned in the second internal cavity. The temperature indicating device also includes means, such as a spring, for urging the indicator rod outwardly from the thermometer housing. A fusible material which is solid under normal conditions and which softens at a predetermined elevated temperature substantially fills the first internal cavity. The solid fusible material engages the front end portion and at least portion of first stem stretch to retain the rod in the housing. Preferably, the fusible material substantially fills both cavities. In another modification of the invention, the thermometer housing includes one internal neck region defining an internal cavity between the neck region and the closed end of the housing. The front end portion, raised portion, and stem stretches of the rod are positioned in the internal cavity. A fusible material fills the internal cavity at least to the lower edge of the second stem stretch, engaging the front end, first stem stretch and raised portion to retain the rod in the housing. Preferably, the internal cavity is substantially filled with fusible material. Brief Description of the Drawings The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a pop-up temperature indicating device. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the temperature indicating device of FIG. 1, shown with indicator rod projecting from the thermometer housing. FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged sectional views, partially broken away, of the temperature indicating device of FIG. 1 , showing different amounts of fusible material within the temperature indicating device. FIG. 5 is an enlarged side elevational view, partially broken away, of another embodiment of an indicator rod. FIG. 6 is an enlarged side elevational view, partially broken away, of another embodiment of an indicator rod. FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view taken along line 7-7 in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view, partially broken away, of another embodiment of a temperature indicating device. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. A pop-up temperature indicating device 10 is shown particularly in FIGS. 1-4. The temperature indicating device or thermometer 10 generally includes an elongate thermometer housing 11 having a pointed tip 12 and a transversely extending flange 13 formed opposite the tip 12. The upper surface of the flange 13 is preferably substantially planar. A plurality of barbs 14 (here shown two in number) are formed on the exterior of the housing 11. The shape, size and number of exterior barbs 14 may vary as desired. The temperature indicating device 10 may be inserted into poultry, meat or other products by positioning the pointed tip 12 against the product and pressing the thermometer 10 inwardly until the underside of flange 13 engages the outer surface of the product. The barbs 14 securely hold the temperature indicating device 10 in place during storage, handling and cooking of the product. The thermometer housing 11 is formed with a longitudinally extending bore 19 having an open end 20 proximate the flange 13 and a closed end 21 near the pointed tip 12. In the modification shown in FIGS. 1-4, the open end 20 has a greater cross sectional opening than the remainder of the bore to facilitate assembly of the temperature indicating device 10. The bore 19 tapers inwardly from the open end 20 to an annular restriction 22 which terminates in a downward outward slanted shoulder 23. The interior of the housing 11 includes a pair of spaced neck regions 24 and 25 spaced inwardly from the restriction 22 and shoulder 23. The neck regions 24 and 25 define a first internal cavity 26 between the neck region 24 and the closed end 21 of the bore and a second internal cavity 27 between the two neck regions 24 and 25. The first and second neck regions 24 and 25 have a lesser cross sectional opening than the internal cavities 26 and 27 and the remainder of the bore 19. As shown particularly in FIGS. 3 and 4, the housing 11 includes tapered shoulders 30 and 31 extending inwardly from the internal cavities 26 and 27 to the lower edges of the first and second neck regions 24 and 25. Tapered shoulders 32 and 33 extend outwardly from the neck regions 24 and 25 to the second internal cavity 27 and the interior wall of the bore 19, respectively. Although shoulders 30-33 are preferably tapered as shown in the Figures, if desired the shoulders may also have an orientation perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore. An indicator rod 36 is slidably positioned in the bore 19 of the thermometer housing 11. The indicator rod 36 generally includes an enlarged front end portion 37 and a first stem stretch 38 extending upwardly from the front end 37. A raised portion 39 separates the first stem stretch 38 from a second stem stretch 40. As is described below in greater detail, the neck regions 24 and 25 and the internal cavities 26 and 27 of the housing 11 cooperate with the front end 37, raised portion 39 and stem stretches 38 and 40 of the indicator rod to retain the rod 36 in the housing. The first stem stretch increases the surface area of the forward portion of the indicator rod 36. In the modification shown in FIGS. 1-4, the exterior surface of the first stem stretch 38 has a concave shape. It is to be understood that the shape of stem stretch 38 may vary as desired. One advantage of the concave shape shown in FIGS. 1-4 is that it facilitates molding of the indicator stem. However, the shape of the first stem stretch may vary as desired. In this modification, the concave exterior of the first stem stretch 38 provides a recessed area which extends around the entire circumference of the rod 36. In other modifications of the invention, the first stem stretch may have a cross sectional shape which defines one or more recessed areas which extend less than the entire circumference of the stem stretch 38. Although a stem stretch 38 having a lesser cross sectional area than the front end of the rod provides increased security, in other modifications of the invention the housing 11 may be used with an indicator stem in which the first stem stretch is of the same size as the front end 37 and raised portion 34 of the rod. In the modification shown in FIGS. 1-4, the front end 37 and the first stem stretch 38 are positioned in the first internal cavity 26, the second stem stretch 40 is positioned in the second cavity 27 and the raised portion 39 is generally aligned with the first neck region 24. However, if desired the housing 11 and indicator rod 36 may be configured to provide a different relationship between the neck regions 24 and 25, internal cavities 26 and 27 and the indicator rod 36. A tapered shoulder 44 extends outwardly from the second stem stretch 40 to an intermediate portion 45 of the indicator rod 36. The intermediate portion 45 terminates in an outward extending collar portion 46 which has a greater cross sectional diameter than the intermediate portion 45. Extending upwardly from the collar portion 46 is a rear end portion 47. The end portion 47 may have a lesser cross sectional diameter than the collar 46 as shown in FIGS. 1-4 or, if desired, the diameter of the end portion 47 may be equal to or greater than the diameter of the collar. The end portion 47 terminates in an enlarged cap portion 48 having a transversely extending underside 49. The underside 49 of the cap 48 is adapted to mate with the upper surface of the flange 13 on the housing 11. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the underside 49 of the cap is substantially planar. Instead of flange 13 and cap portion 48 having substantially planar surfaces, the upper surface of the flange 13 and the underside 49 of the cap may be formed with mating grooves and ridges or other complementary mating shapes if desired. Directing attention particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, the temperature indicating device 10 includes means for urging the indicator rod 36 from the fully inserted position shown in FIG. 1 to an extended position with the cap 48 spaced from the flange 13 of the housing 11 shown for example in FIG. 2. One such means is provided by a coiled spring 55 disposed around the intermediate portion 45 of the rod 36. The spring 55 is compressed between the slanted shoulder 33 of the housing 11 and the collar portion 46 of the indicator rod 36 when the indicator rod 36 is in the fully inserted position of FIG. 1. Once the temperature indicating device 10 has reached a predetermined elevated temperature, the spring 55 is allowed to expand, moving the collar 46 away from the shoulder 33 and causing the indicator rod to be displaced outwardly through the open end 20 of the housing 11. The spring 55 is one example of a suitable means for urging the indicator rod 36 to an extended position. However, other means may be substituted for the spring 55. A fusible material 59 fills the first and second internal cavities 26 and 27 around the indicator rod 36. The fusible material 59 is in the form of a solid under normal conditions and is selected so that the material 59 softens or melts at the desired temperature for the particular application. The fusible material 59 may be provided by various materials, including alloys, metals, organic materials and the like. The solid material 59 engages front end portion 37, raised portion 39 and stem stretches 38 and 40 to securely retain the indicator rod 36 in the housing 11. The stem stretches 38 and 40 increases the surface area of the rod 36 engaged by the fusible material so that the rod may be more securely retained within the housing 11. When the temperature indicating device is heated to a predetermined elevated temperature, the fusible material softens or melts, releasing the front end portion, raised portion and stem stretches of the indicator rod 36 from engagement with the solid material 59. The spring 55 is allowed to expand with the melting or softening of the fusible material, moving the collar 46 against the slanted shoulder 23 and pulling the front end 37 of the rod from the softened material 59. The outward displacement of the indicator rod provides a visual indication the thermometer has reached the desired temperature. With the thermometer 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fusible material 59 substantially fills both internal cavities 26 and 27. In general, substantially filling both internal cavities is a preferred configuration for the temperature indicating device 10. The indicator rod 36 is securely retained in the housing 11 until the fusible material 59 is heated to a predetermined elevated temperature. The interengagement between the solid material 59, neck regions 24 and 25, internal cavities 26 and 27 and the front end 37, raised portion 38 and stem stretches of the rod resists any premature upward creep or movement of the rod 36 as the thermometer is heated. The fusible material must be substantially softened or melted before the indicator rod 36 may be moved relative to the housing 11. The configuration of the housing 11 and indicator rod 36 shown in FIGS. 1-4 may be satisfactorily used with numerous fusible materials, including alloys and organic materials which often have a lesser strength than alloys. While the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferred, in many instances the thermometer 10 may be provided with a reduced amount of fusible material 59. The temperature indicating device 10 may be inadvertently filled with a smaller amount of fusible material as a result of various factors encountered during the manufacturing process. Alternatively, the amount of fusible material may be intentionally reduced to reduce the manufacturing cost of the thermometer 10. Turning to FIG. 3, the fusible material 59 in the temperature indicating device 10 fills the second internal cavity 27 to the level of the second stem stretch 40. Even though the fusible material 59 does not completely fill both cavities, the solid material engages a substantial portion of the indicator rod 36 to securely retain the rod in the housing 11. Specifically, the fusible material 59 engages the front end 37, first stem stretch 38, raised portion 39 and a portion of the second stem stretch 40. The combination of the front end 37 and raised portion 39 and the reduced area stem stretches 38 and 40 ensure the fusible material 59 securely anchors the indicator rod 36 within the housing. The minimal space separating the first neck region 24 and the raised portion 39 of the rod 36 provides additional protection against slippage of the indicator rod 36 and solidified material 59. Turning to FIG. 4, temperature indicating device 10 is shown having fusible material 59 substantially filling the first internal cavity 26. This condition may occur for example when a fragment of a pellet of fusible material instead of an entire pellet is inserted into the bore 19 during manufacture of the temperature indicating device 10. The solid material 59 engages the front end 37 and first stem stretch 38 to securely retain the indicator rod 36 in the housing 11. The engagement of the fusible material with the stem stretch 38 of the indicator rod 36 and the first neck region of the housing 11 substantially resists any slippage or movement of the indicator rod 36 relative to the housing 11 until the temperature indicating device is heated to a predetermined elevated temperature. In the modification shown in FIG. 4, the fusible material 59 also extends around the raised portion 39. However, it is to be understood that the indicator rod 36 may be securely retained within the housing 11 if the first internal cavity includes only enough fusible material to engage the front end 37 and first stem stretch 38 of the rod 36. As is shown in FIGS. 1-4, the amount of fusible material employed with the temperature indicating device of the present invention may vary. It is to be understood that the amount of fusible material employed is not limited to the specific material levels shown in FIGS. 1-4. Moreover, if desired a greater amount of fusible material may be provided so that the material extends beyond the second neck stretch 24. Another modification of a indicator rod 36a is shown in FIG. 5. Indicator rod 36a includes a front end portion 37a, a first stem stretch 38a, a raised portion 39a and a second stem stretch 40a. The exterior surface of the first stem stretch 38a is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stem stretch 38a. The first stem stretch 38a has a cylindrical shape such that the exterior surface of the stem stretch 38a is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rod. First and second shoulders 64 and 65 extend outwardly from the first stem stretch 38a to the front end 37a and the raised portion 39a in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rod 36a. The first stem stretch 38a substantially increases the surface area of the forward end of the rod which is engaged by the fusible material so that the indicator rod 36a may be securely held within the housing 11. FIGS. 6 and 7 show another modification of an indicator rod 36b having a front end 37b, a first stem stretch 38b, a raised portion 39b and a second stem stretch 40b. In this modification of the invention, the first stem stretch 38b is formed with two recessed areas 70. The recessed areas 70 are defined by a tapered surface 71 which slants inwardly from the outer edge of the front end portion 37b to a point spaced inwardly of the outer edge of the raised portion 39b. The recessed areas 70 increase the surface area of the indicator rod 36b which may be engaged by the fusible material so that the indicating rod may be securely held within the housing until the temperature indicating device has been heated to the predetermined elevated temperature. Although two recessed portions 70 are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, it is to be understood that the number of recessed portions formed in the first stem stretch may be increased or decreased as desired. The size and shape of the recessed portion 70 is subject to considerable variation. Moreover, if desired the recessed area 70 may extend around the entire circumference of the first stem stretch as in the previously described modifications. Turning to FIG. 8, a temperature indicating device 10c having a modified housing l ie is depicted. The housing l ie includes one internal neck region 75 defining an internal cavity 76 between the closed end 21c of the bore 19c and the neck region 75. When the indicator rod 36c is fully inserted in the housing l ie, the front end portion 37c, raised portion 39c and stem stretches 38c and 40c are disposed in the internal cavity 76. The fusible material 59c preferably substantially fills the internal cavity 76. However, with some applications a lesser amount of material 59c may be used to retain the indicator rod in the housing l ie. The solidified fusible material 59c engages the front end 37c, first stem stretch 38c, raised portion 39c and second stem stretch 40c as shown in FIG. 6 to hold the indicator rod 36c within the housing l ie of the temperature indicating device 10c. The increased surface area of stem stretches 38c and 40c ensures that the fusible material securely anchors the rod 36c in the housing l ie until the temperature indicating device has been heated to the predetermined elevated temperature. The temperature indicating device 10 of the present invention is manufactured by separately forming the housing 11 and the indicator rod 36. The housing and rod are preferably formed by injection molding. A pellet of fusible material 59 is positioned in the bore 19 and the housing is heated to melt the fusible material. Alternatively, the fusible material may be deposited in the housing in liquid form. The spring 55 is inserted into the bore 19. The indicator rod 36 is pressed into the housing 11 until the cap 48 engages the flange 13. The indicator rod 36 is held in place while the temperature indicating device cools, allowing the fusible material to solidify. Once the fusible material has solidified, the temperature indicating device 10 may be prepared for shipment. Except as set forth above, the modifications of FIGS. 5, 6-7 and 8 resemble those of the preceding modifications and the same reference numerals followed by the subscripts a-c, respectively, are used to designate corresponding parts. The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A temperature indicating device comprising: an elongate housing formed with a longitudinally extending bore having an open end and a closed end, said housing having spaced internal first and second neck regions each having a lesser cross sectional opening than the remainder of said bore, said housing having a first internal cavity defined by said closed end of said housing and said first neck region and a second internal cavity defined by said first neck region and said second neck region; an indicator rod slidably positioned in said bore, said rod having a front end portion, a first stem stretch extending from said front end portion, a raised portion proximate said first stem stretch, a second stem stretch extending from said raised portion, and a rear end portion spaced from said front end portion, said front end portion and said first stem stretch being positioned in said first internal cavity and said second stem stretch being positioned in said second internal cavity, means for urging said rod outwardly through said open end of said housing; and a fusible material disposed in said first internal cavity around said rod, said fusible material being in solid form under normal conditions to engage said rod and retain said front end portion of said rod in said internal cavity, said fusible material softening at a predetermined elevated temperature for release of said front end portion from said fusible material and movement of said rear end portion of said rod outwardly through said open end of said housing. 2. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 1 in which said first stem stretch has a lesser cross sectional area than said front end portion and said raised portion of said indicator rod. 3. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 2 in which said first stem stretch has a substantially concave-shaped exterior surface. 4. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 2 in which said rod includes first and second shoulders extending outwardly from said first stem stretch to said front end portion and said raised portion, respectively, in a direction substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said rod. 5. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 1 in which said first stem stretch has at least one recessed area formed therein, said recessed area providing said first stem stretch with a lesser cross sectional area than said front end portion and said raised area of said stem. 6. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 5 in which said first stem stretch includes a tapered surface extending inwardly from an outer edge of said front end portion to a point spaced from an outer edge of said raised portion, said tapered surface defining said recessed area. 7. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 5 in which said first stem stretch includes a plurality of recessed areas. 8. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 1 in which said raised portion of said rod is positioned in said first neck region of said housing. 9. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 1 in which said fusible material substantially fills said first internal cavity. 10. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 1 in which said fusible material fills said first internal cavity and at least a portion of said second internal cavity. 11. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 1 in which said means for urging said rod is a spring member. 12. A pop-up temperature indicating device comprising: an elongate housing formed with a longitudinally extending bore having an open end and a closed end, said housing having an internal neck region having a lesser cross sectional opening than the remainder of said bore, and an internal cavity defined by said neck region and said closed end; an indicator rod removably positioned in said bore having a front end portion, a first stem stretch, a raised portion, a second stem stretch, and a rear end portion spaced from said front end portion, said front end portion, said first stem stretch, said raised portion and said second stem stretch being positioned in said internal cavity, said first stem stretch having a lesser cross sectional area than said front end portion and said raised portion; means engaging said rod for urging said rod outwardly from said housing through said open end of said bore; and a fusible material disposed in said internal cavity around said rod, said fusible material being in solid form under normal conditions to engage said front end portion and said first stem stretch and retain said front end portion in said internal cavity, said material softening at a predetermined elevated temperature for removal of said front end portion from said internal cavity and movement of said rod outwardly through said open end of said bore. 13. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 12 in which said housing has an internal second neck region spaced from said first-mentioned neck region, said second neck region separating said internal cavity into a first cavity area between said closed end and said second neck region and a second cavity area between said second neck region and said first-mentioned neck region, said front end portion and said first stem stretch of said rod being positioned in said first cavity area and said second stem stretch being positioned in said second cavity area. 14. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 13 in which said fusible material fills said first cavity area and at least a portion of said second cavity area, said fusible material engaging said front end portion, said first stem stretch, said raised portion and said second stem stretch to retain said front end portion of said rod in said front cavity area. 15. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 12 in which said first stem stretch has a substantially concave-shaped exterior surface. 16. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 12 in which said rod includes first and second shoulders extending outwardly from said first stem stretch to said front end portion and said raised portion, respectively, in a direction substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said rod. 17. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 12 in which said first stem stretch has at least one recessed area formed therein, said recessed area providing said first stem stretch with a lesser cross sectional area than said front end portion and said raised area of said stem. 18. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 17 in which said first stem stretch includes a tapered surface extending inwardly from an outer edge of said front end portion to a point spaced from an outer edge of said raised portion, said tapered surface defining said recessed area. 19. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 17 in which said first stem stretch includes a plurality of recessed areas. 20. The pop-up thermometer of Claim 12 in which said fusible material substantially fills said internal cavity.

Inventors: THOMPSON GARY M, VOLK STEVEN J, THOMPSON, GARY, M., VOLK, STEVEN, J.
Applicants: VOLK ENTERPRISES INC, VOLK ENTERPRISES, INC.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: G01K11
IPC codes: G01K11