Cam mechanism for circular knitting machine and cam timing setting method

Abstract: A cam mechanism and method in a circular knitting machine having at least two types of knitting needles each having a master butt and at least two selector butts and including a stitch cam for engaging the master butts and retracting the needles from the knitting and tucking positions to the stitch-forming level, and knitting, tucking and welt-guarding cams movable between extended operative positions and retracted inoperative positions, and a selection device for individually selecting and moving the knitting, tucking and welt-guarding cams between the operative and inoperative positions.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to circular knitting machines and more particularly to a set of knitting needles, a needle control system and needle control method. Background of the Invention In the operation of circular knitting machines, the knitting needles are moved upwardly and downwardly in the tracks or grooves of the needle cylinder by cam mechanisms that engage butts on the knitting needle as the cylinder rotates. Certain circular knitting machines include both a needle cylinder and a dial with knitting needles sliding outwardly and inwardly in grooves or tracks in the dial. In such certain circular knitting machines, two sets of cam mechanisms are provided and the timing of the operation of the two sets of knitting needles and cam mechanisms must be properly coordinated. Most, if not all, circular knitting machines currently being manufactured and sold are multiple-feed knitting machines with, for example, 48 feeds around a 30 inch diameter needle cylinder and dial. It is desirable to provide a needle selection mechanism which permits selection of any one of three needle positions for the knitting needles at each of these multiple feeds. United States Patent No. 4,956,981, assigned to the assignee of this application, discloses a needle selection system in a multiple feed circular knitting machine that permits such selection of any one of three dial needle positions at each of the yarn feeds. While providing a needle selection system which accomplished many of the desired functions of such a needle selection system, the prior needle selection system had several disadvantages and deficiencies. Foremost among these disadvantages and deficiencies is that this prior needle selection system required guide or cam parts that are very small (microcams) that are complicated and expensive to manufacture and are highly susceptible to being broken when removed from the knitting machine. Moreover, such microcam parts do not limit unnecessary and undesirable movements of the knitting needles when in the tucking and welting positions. Also, my prior needle selection system could not accomodate a fourth dial needle position (i.e. a supporting or withdrawn position) without changing the cam positions of the knitting and tucking cams. A still further deficiency of my prior needle selection system, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,956,981, is that the knitting needles are advanced to the knitting position by engagement with both a tucking cam and a knitting cam which can lead to instability in the needle operation at high knitting speeds. Finally, there is a danger with my prior needle selection system when the dial knitting needles are in the supporting and welt positions, that these needles may prevent the supply of yam to the knitting needles that are in the knitting or tucking positions. GB-A-2 272 915 discloses a needle control system for a circular knitting machine comprising first and second needles with a master bull and a single selector bull wherein the Tuner and outer edges of these bulls are positively guided by engagement with cams at all knitting stages. Summary of the Invention With the foregoing in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved needle control mechanism and needle control method which overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and deficiencies of prior needle selection systems by employing a set of specific knitting needles. It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide a needle selection mechanism and method that is capable of selecting any one of four needle positions at each yam feed without changing cam positions and which is less complicated and less costly to manufacture and which is less susceptible to breakage. The improved needle selection mechanism includes at least two types or kinds of knitting needles, each having a master butt and at least two selector butts arranged at different butt positions from the master butts. The needle selection mechanism includes a cam system including a stitch cam which engages the master butts of all of the knitting needles to move the knitting needles to stitch-forming level, and selector cams which selectively engage the selector butts of the knitting needles for moving the knitting needles to and from any one of three needle positions, i.e., knitting, tucking or welting positions. These selector cams are devoid of micro cam parts and limit movement of the knitting needles in the tucking and welting positions to prevent any undesirable movement thereof. The selector cams further include a knitting cam which moves the knitting needles to the knitting positions without assistance from a tucking cam. The cam mechanism further includes a cam selection and moving mechanism which selects and moves the various selector cams into and out of the path of the selector butts of the knitting needles. Preferably, the cam mechanism of the present invention is also capable of moving and maintaining the knitting needles in a fourth position, i.e., a supporting or withdrawn position, wherein the needles cannot interfere with the feeding of yam to the other needles. The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, the embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a fragmentary, rear elevation of a cam mechanism of the present invention with an elevation of two kinds or types of knitting needles used with this cam mechanism; Figure 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary view of the cam mechanism shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substantially along line 3-3 in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a fragmentary, rear elevation of the cam mechanism shown in Figure 2; Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the cam selection and moving means; Figure 6 is a fragmentary, front elevation of another embodiment of the cam mechanism of the present invention with the welt-guarding cam formed by two cam portions; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of cylinder needle and dial needle movements with synchronized timing of the cylinder and dial cam mechanisms; and Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of cylinder needle and dial needle movements with delayed timing of the cylinder and dial cam mechanisms. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring now more particularly to the drawings and specifically to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a dial cam mechanism generally referred to at 20. The cam mechanism 20 is mounted on the dial of a circular knitting machine which also includes a needle cylinder rotating In synchronism with the dial (all of these circular knitting machine elements being not shown). The dial includes a multiplicity of radial slots or grooves in which are slidably mounted two kinds of knitting needles 21 and 22. The knitting needles 21 are mounted in alternate grooves in the dial while needles 22 are mounted in intervening grooves in the dial. Knitting needle 21 has a master butt 21 a, a first selector butt 21 b and a second selector butt 21 c thereon, the selector butts 21 b and 21c being spaced apart from each other and from the master butt 21 a along the shank of the needle 21. The knitting needle 22 has a master butt 22a, a first selector butt 22b and a second selector butt 22c thereon. The master butt 22a on needle 22 is positioned on the shank of needle 22 at the same position as is master butt 21a on needle 21. The selector butts 22b and 22c on needle 22 are spaced the same distance apart as are selector butts 21b and 21c on needle 21, but selector butts 22b and 22c are spaced further from the master butt 22a on needle 22 than the selector butts 21b and 21c are spaced from the master butt 21a on needle 21 for reasons that will become apparent as this description proceeds. The knitting needles 21 and 22 are advanced and retracted in the dial needle grooves by the cam mechanism 20 as the dial rotates carrying the needles 21 and 22 therewith. The cam mechanism 20 defines cam paths or races along which the butts of the needles 21 and 22 travel as the dial rotates. For ease of description, the cam mechanism 20 is illustrated as including cam sections A and B in Figure 1. These cam sections 20A and 20B are defined by cams mounted on a cam holder 23 which is stationary and with respect to which the dial and needles 21 and 22 rotate in the direction of the arrows in Figures 1 and 2. The cam sections 20A and 20B each include an outer guarding cam 24 and a stitch cam 25 mounted on cam holder 23 for guiding the master butts 21a and 22a of needles 21 and 22 in forming the knit stitches. The stitch cams 25 are mounted on cam holder 23 for radial adjustment for adjusting stitch sizes. Guarding cam 24 defines a cam race having an entrance 24a, an outward slanting part 24b for controlling advancing movement of the needles 21 and 22 to the knitting position, an inward slanting part 24c for initiating the retraction of the needles 21 and 22 from the knitting position to the stitch forming level, and a linear part 24d for controlling the inwardmost retraction of the needles 21 and 22. Stitch cam 25, which takes over control of the needles 21 and 22 from the outer guarding cam 24, includes an inward slanting 25a, which generally comprises an extension of the inward slanting part 24c of cam 24, for continuing the retraction of the needles 21 and 22 to the stitch forming position. Cam 25 also include a linear part 25b for controlling the innermost retraction of the needles 21 and 22 and a receiving part 25c to accommodate the needles 21 and 22 when they reach the innermost retracted position. The master butts 21 a and 22a of all of the knitting needles 21 and 22 pass along the cam races defined by cams 24 and 25 and the needles are controlled thereby. Auxiliary cams are provided for engagement by the selector butts 21b, 21c and 22b, 22c of the needles 21 and 22 for further control of the needles. Radially inward from the outer guarding cam 24 in each of the cam sections 20A and 20B are tucking cams 26 and knitting cams 27. There are provided two sets of tucking cams 26 and knitting cams 27, which sets are spaced radially apart on cam holder 23 to be engaged by the selector butts 21b and 21c of needles 21 and by the selector butts 22b and 22c of needles 22. The selector butts 21 b and 22b of needles 21 and 22 have outer edges 21 d, 22d and inner edges 21e, 22e, while the selector butts 21c, 22c have outer edges 21f, 22f and inner edges 21g, 22g. Each of the tucking cam 26 includes an outward slanting part 26a which engages, when the tucking cam 26 is in operative position, the inner edges 21 e, 22e of the first selector butts 21 b, 22b of the needles 21, 22 just after the master butts 21a, 22a pass into the entrance 24a of the outer guarding cam 24 and moves the needles 21, 22 to the tucking position. Tucking cam 26 also includes an inward slanting part 26b which controls the retraction of the needles 21 and 22 and linear part 26c which engages the outer edges 21f and 22f of the second selector butts 21c and 22c immediately after the needles 21, 22 move to the tucking position and maintains the needles in that position. The knitting cams 27 include outward slanting parts 27a which are parallel to the outward slanting part 24b of the outer guarding cam 24 and engage the inner edges 21g, 22g of the second selector butts 21c, 22c of the needles 21, 22 just after the master butts 21 a, 22a enter the entrance 24a of the cam 24 to advance the knitting needles 21, 22 to the knitting position when the respective knitting cams 27 are in the operative position. The knitting cams 27 further include inward slanting parts 27b which are parallel to the inward slanting part 24c of the cam 24 and the inward slanting part 25a of the stitch cam 25. The inward slanting parts 27b control the retraction of the needles 21 and 22. Each of the cam sections 20A and 20B also includes welt guarding cams 28 which include inward slanting parts 28a which are generally parallel to inward slanting parts 25a, 26b and 27b of cams 25, 26 and 27 and which engage the outer edges 21d, 22d of the first selector butts 21b, 22b immediately after the needles 21, 22 move to the tucking position and moves these needles to the welting position. Cams 28 also include substantially linear parts 28b which engage the outer edges 21d, 22d of first selector butts 21b, 22b when the needles 21, 22 reach the welting position and restrains the needles from any unnecessary outward movement. The cams 26, 27 and 28 include cam parts and rectangular bases 26d, 27d and 28d which are preferably integrally formed, but which may be formed separately and connected together if desired (Figure 2). Bases 26d, 27d and 28d are closely received in rectangular slots or grooves 23a in cam holder 23 to prevent the cams 26, 27 and 28 from rotating and to guide the cams in their sliding movement between the inoperative and operative positions. At the same time, movement of the longitudinal edge parts of the cams is limited by a plate 30 mounted on cam holder 23 by screws 31. The bases 26d, 27d and 28d are connected to the inner ends of operating pins 32, 33 and 34, respectively. Pins 32, 33 and 34 penetrate through holes in the cam holder 23 which communicate with a large recess in the rear surface of the cam holder 23. The pins 32, 33 and 34 have reduced diameter end portions 32a, 33a and 34a on the ends thereof opposite the cams 26, 27 and 28. Further, the pins 32, 33 and 34 have cam follower portions 32b, 33b and 34b on the reduced end portions thereof. Springs 35, 36 and 37 are positioned around the reduced end portions 32a, 33a and 34a of the pins 32, 33 and 34 between the cam follower portions 32b, 33b and 34b and a cover plate 38 mounted on the rear of cam holder 23 (Figure 3). Springs 35, 36 and 37 bias the operating pins 32, 33 and 34 to extended positions to positions cams 26, 27 and 28 in their operative positions for engagement with the selector butts of the needles 21 and 22. A cam and needle selection mechanism 40 is provided for each set of cams 26, 27 and 28 for moving selected cams 26, 27 and 28 to the retracted, inoperative positions (Figure 5). Selection mechanism 40 includes a rotary member 41 contained in the recess in the rear surface of cam holder 23. Rotary member 41 has a reduced diameter outer end position 41a that is received in an opening in the cover plate 38 to journal the rotary member 41 for rotation. The outer end portion 41a has a recess 41 b therein which is preferably hexagonal in cross-section for insertion of an adjustment tool, such as an Allen wrench, for example. Rotary member 41 also includes a medium diameter portion 41c and a large diameter portion 41d. The juncture between large diameter portion 41d and medium diameter portion 41c defines a shoulder 41e on the rear end of the large diameter portion 41d. On one side of the rotary member 41, the large diameter portion 41d and a portion of the medium diameter portion 41c is cut away to remove the shoulder 41e from that side of the rotary member 41 and to form an inclined surface 41f in the large diameter portion 41d. Inclined surface 41f functions as a double-acting cam engaged by the cam follower portions 32b, 33b and 34b of pins 32, 33 and 34 to force certain of the pins 32, 33 and 34 to the retracted, inoperative positions, against the biasing action of springs 35, 36 or 37, upon clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation of rotary member 41 until the cam follower portions 32b, 33b or 34b move onto shoulder 41e and to permit others of the cam follower portions 32b, 33b or 34b of others of pins 32, 33 or 34 to move off of shoulder 41e and down the inclined surface 41f so that springs 35, 36 and 37 can move the pins 32, 33 and 34 to the extended positions and the cams 26, 27 and 28 to the operative positions. At the bottom end of the inclined surface 41f there is a linear part 41g which is cut out in a crescent shape. On the bottom of large diameter portion 41d there are provided four recesses or detents 41h, 41i, 41j and 41k (Figure 4) adapted to receive a ball 42 which is biased toward the rotary member 41 by a spring 43 (Figure 3). By positioning the ball 42 is a certain one of the detents 41h, 41i, 41j or 41k, the rotary member 41 is held in position to select the knitting, tucking, welting or supporting positions. Referring now to Figure 6, an alternate embodiment of the welt-guarding cam 28' is therein illustrated and like or similar parts are referenced by like reference characters with the prime notation added. In this embodiment, the welt guarding cam 28' may be divided into two parts 28'A and 28'B (Figure 6). In this embodiment, cam part 28'B has a linear part 28'e which is aligned with and connected to linear part 28'b on cam part 28'A and cam parts 28'A and 28'B are individually and simultaneously movable to the extended, operative and retracted, inoperative positions. Accordingly, cam parts 28'A and 28'B are provided with operating pins 34'A and 34'B at the positions shown in Figure 6. Referring now to Figure 4, the four positions of the rotary member 41 are illustrated and the operation of each position will be described. The upper right illustration is the knitting selection position 41K and in this condition, the inclined surface 41f has raised the operating pins 32 and 34 onto the shoulder 41e and retracted the tucking cam 26 and the welt-guarding cam 28 to the inoperative position. Operating pin 33, on the other hand, is positioned at the bottom of inclined surface 41f and only knitting cam 27 is in the operative position to be engaged by the selector butt 21c of knitting needle 21. In the upper left illustration 41W, the rotary member 41 is in the welting selection position and the inclined surface 41f has raised operating pins 32 and 33 onto the shoulder 41e and has retracted tucking cam 26 and knitting cam 27 to their Inoperative positions. In this condition, operating pin 34, or pins 34'a and 34'b in Figure 6, is/are positioned at the bottom of inclined surface 41f and only welt-guarding cam 28 or 28' is in the operative position to be engaged by selector butt 21 b of needle 21. The lower right illustration 41T shows the rotary member 41 in the tucking selection position and the inclined surface 41f has raised operating pins 33 and 34 onto shoulder 41e and retracted to their inoperative positions the knitting cam 37 and welt-guarding cam 28. Operating pin 32, on the other hand, is positioned at the bottom of the inclined surface 41f and only tucking cam 26 is in the operative position to be engaged by selector butt 22b of needle 22. In the lower left illustration 41S, the rotary member 41 is in the supporting selection position and the inclined surface has raised operating bin 33 onto the shoulder 41e and retracted to the inoperative position knitting cam 27. On the other hand, operating pins 32 and 34 are at the bottom of inclined surface 41f and tucking cam 26 and welt-guarding cam 28 are in their operative positions for engagement with selector butt 22b of needle 22. At the yam feed where only a cylinder needle is used for knitting for patterning purposes, this supporting selection position of rotary member 41 restrains raising of the loop that may otherwise occur corresponding to the raising of the cylinder needle, thereby helping the loop to escape the hook when, for example, knitting a ripple pattern. With reference to Figure 1, the knitting action of knitting needles 21 and 22 will be described. It is noted that the cams 26, 27 and 28 that are in the operative position are shown in full lines while the cams in their inoperative positions are shown in dotted lines. The knitting needles 21 and 22 rotate in the direction of the arrow at the top of Figure 1. In cam section 20A, only the master butt 21a of needle 21 engages the outer guarding cam 24 and moves horizontally along the linear part 24d (welting position). The selector butts 21b and 21c do not engage cams 26 and 27 because these cams are retracted to their inoperative positions. Welt-guarding cam 28 is in the operative position and the selector butt 21b passes along linear part 28b and is restrained thereby from any unnecessary outward movement. Knitting needle 22 is advanced outward by its second selector butt 22c engaging the outward slanting part 27a of knitting cam 27. At the same time, the master butt 22a engages and is restrained by the outward slanting part 24b of outer guarding cam 24. When the master butt 22a and second selector butt 22c of needle 22 reach the top of the outward slanting parts 24b and 27a, needle 22 is in the knitting position. Upon further movement of needle 22, master butt 22a engages inward slanting part 24c which retracts needle 22 inwardly while second selector butt 22c engages and is restrained by the inward slanting part 27b of knitting cam 27. At the end of inward slanting part 24c, the master butt 22a engages inward slanting part 25a of stitch cam 25 and needle 22 is retracted thereby to its innermost position, i.e. the stitch-forming level. In cam section 20B, knitting needle 21 is advanced outwardly by having its first selector butt 21b engage the outward slanting part 26a of upper tucking cam 26 until it reaches the top of cam 26 which is the tucking position. Needle 21 then moves horizontally in the tucking position until master butt 21a engages the inward slanting part 25a of stitch cam 25 which retracts inwardly needle 21 until it reaches the innermost or welting position. Also, needle 22 is advanced outwardly by engagement of its first selector butt 22b with the outer slanting part 26a of the lower tucking cam 26 until needle 22 reaches the tucking position at the top of cam 26. Thereafter, needle 22 is retracted inwardly by engagement of its master butt 22a with the inward slanting part 25a of stitch cam 25 until needle 22 reaches its innermost or welting position. The knitting needles 21 and 22 continue their rotation with the dial and are advanced, retracted or retained in the welting position by the cams 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 depending on the knitting pattern. This knitting pattern is set by positioning the rotary members 41 in their various positions 41k, 41t, 41w or 41s. In Figure 7, there is illustrated a knitting operation diagram in which the dial cam mechanism and the needle cylinder cam mechanism are synchronized, which is referred to as "synchronized cam timing". Figure 8 illustrates a knitting operation diagram in which the dial cam mechanism operates relative to the needle cylinder cam mechanism in a delayed manner, which is referred to as "delayed cam timing". In Figures 7 and 8, full line 50 represents the path of travel of the outer tip of the hook of a cylinder needle while full line 60 represents the path of travel of the outer tip of the hook of a dial needle. Synchronized cam timing is changed to delayed cam timing by adjusting circumferentially the dial cam holder support which supports the dial cam holder 23 in a manner not shown. Heretofore, when using delayed cam timing, the fabric may be stretched inordinately, especially by a nep or knot in the yarn, because the cylinder needles and dial needles rise and advance at different times. Sometimes, this makes the knitting operation difficult depending on the type of fabric being knit. By the present invention this difficulty is overcome by appropriate setting of the cam and needle selections means 40. As shown in Figure 8 by the dashline 51, the cylinder needle can be raised at the same time as the dial needle is advanced thereby avoiding inordinate stretching of the fabric. Consequently, the prior troublesome switching of cams becomes unnecessary and the cam timing is easily set by the needle selection means 40. In the drawings and the specification, there have been set forth preferred embodiments of the invention, and, although specific terms are employed, the terms are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.

Claims: Set of knitting needles for use in connection with a needle control system for a circular knitting machine , comprising: first and second knitting needles (21, 22) having a shank with a hook at one end; a master butt (21a, 22a) on each said needle (21, 22) at a common butt position relative to said hook; and first and second selector butts (21b, 21c, 22b, 22c) on each said needle (21, 22), said first and second selector butts (21b, 21c, 22b, 22c) on each said needle (21, 22) being spaced apart from each other by substantially the same distance, characterised in that both said first and second selector butts (21b, 21c) on said first needle (21) are located closer to said hook than either of said first and second selector butts (22b, 22c) on said second needle (22). A needle control system for a circular knitting machine, comprising: a set of knitting needles according to claim 1 with inner and outer edges on said master and selector butts (21a, 21b, 21c, 22a, 22b, 22c) for engaging cam means (24, 25, 26, 27, 28) in a knitting machine; and cam means (24, 25, 26, 27, 28); wherein said inner edges (21e, 22e) of said first selector butts (21b, 22b) and said outer edges (21f, 22f) of said second selector butts (21c, 22c) engage said cam means (26) to selectively orient said needles (21, 22) in a tuck position, wherein said inner edges of said master butts (21a, 22a) and said outer edges (21d, 22d) of said first selector butts (21b, 21c) engage said cam means (24, 28) to selectively orient said needles (21, 22) in a welt position, and wherein said outer edges of said master butts (21 a, 22a) and said inner edges (21g, 22g) of said second selector butts (21c, 22c) engage said cam means (24) to selectively orient said needles (21, 22) in a knit position. A method of selectively moving and retaining knitting needles (21, 22) of a set of knitting needles having a master butt (21a, 22a) and spaced apart selector butts (21b, 21c, 22b, 22c) with inner and outer edges in knit, tuck and welt positions, comprising: contacting inner edges (21e, 22e) of the first selector butts (21b, 22b) of the needles (21, 22) to advance the needles (21, 22) to a tuck position and contacting outer edges of the second selector butts (21c, 22c) to retain the needles (21, 22) in the tuck position; contacting outer edges (21d, 22d) of the first selector butts (21b, 22b) to retract the needles (21, 22) to a welt position and contacting inner edges of the master butts (21a, 22a) to retain the needles (21, 22) in the welt position; and contacting inner edges (21g, 22g) of the second selector butts (21c, 22c) to advance the needles (21, 22) to a knit position and contacting outer edges of the master butts (21 a, 22a) to retract the needles (21, 22) from the knit position.

Inventors: IIDA YIKIARA, IIDA, YIKIARA
Applicants: PRECISION FUKUHARA WORKS LTD, PRECISION FUKUHARA WORKS, LTD
Application year: 1995
Main classification: D04B15
IPC codes: D04B15