Video storage apparatus and method

Abstract: The present invention provides for a digital video storage system, suitable for use within a movie-on-demand (MOD) system, and can include a plurality of disk drive storage devices (101-150; 301-350) the disk drives being connected together for example serially to form a loop (L1), wherein each disk drive (101-15) within the loop (L1) has an input for receiving digital video data for storage and an output for providing stored digital video data, the output of each disk drive (101-150) being connected to the input of the succeeding disk drive in the loop (L1). Successive segments of a video program, stored on successive disk drives (101-150) in the loop (L1), are each repeatedly moved at a predefined time interval from the disk drive (101-150) on which the segments are currently stored to the succeeding disk drive (101-150) in the loop (L1). A plurality of taps (201-250) are connected to the loop (L1) to provide connection points for MOD subscribers or viewers for receiving the video program from the loop (L1). Each tap corresponds to the output of one of the plurality of disk drives (101-150). During operation, the video program is provided at each tap (201-250), however at any instant each tap (201-250) is providing a different segment of the video program. The system also includes means for changing the tap (201-250) to which a MOD subscriber or viewer is connected in response to a request received from the viewer. This feature allows the MOD subscriber to pause, play, or to jump forward or backward in time to the beginning of any movie segment, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player.

Description: The present invention relates to a video storage apparatus and method and in particular, but not exclusively, to a digital movie-on-demand method and apparatus. The digital video market is among the earliest markets to develop out of the emerging multimedia business. Particular applications of digital video may arise in movie-on-demand (MOD) services, which enable viewers to call up particular movies or other video programs whenever they want to watch them. Most present day movie request systems are analog rather than digital and have fixed movie start times. It is envisaged that digital movie-on-demand programs may be provided from a centralized location for a large number of users may be provided "downstream" at Local Exchange companies or Cable Companies. Movie-on-demand services are expected to be among the most popular interactive multimedia offerings on the electronic information superhighway. A network providing movie-on-demand services should ideally, upon receipt from a MOD customer of a signal requesting to view a movie, verify the request and set up necessary connections to a video storage server. It is also desired that the MOD system operate in a manner similar to that of a typical VCR or laser disc player, providing features such as pause, fast forward, stop, and rewind. Ideally, the requested movie should be accessible immediately, or within one to two minutes from the time the request was entered. The storage requirements for digital video are great. Storage requirements for a single movie, depending upon picture quality, compression ratio and length of the movie can vary from 1 gigabyte (GB) to 3 GB. Typically, a standard quality VHS movie 100 minutes long will require 1 GB of storage. Movies developed for High Definition TV may require storage capacities of 33 GB per movie. Early MOD systems that utilize this type of video/audio storage are targeted to accommodate approximately 1600 users, while later systems may provide service to 10,000 users per video server. The video server must be able to access the video information delayed by one or two minutes and multiples thereof for the length of the movies and update all users in a specified real-time window. The delay allows customers to jump forward or backward in time, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player. In order to provide acceptable performance, many early video server implementations utilize large amounts of fast Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM); up to 60 GB per server at approximately $25 /megabyte (MB). EP-A-0 625 858 discloses video storage apparatus comprising means for storing successive segments of a digital video signal, means for retrieving that video signal segments and means for controlling connections within the apparatus. However, known systems such as these have inherent disadvantages and restrictions and the present invention seeks to provide a video storage method and apparatus having advantages over known systems. In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided video storage apparatus comprising a plurality of disk drive means, each arranged for storing successive segments of a digital video signal, a respective plurality of means for retrieving said video signal segments from said plurality disk drive means, means for controlling the connection between said plurality of means for retrieving said video signal segments and said plurality of disk drive means, characterized in that said plurality of disk drive means are connected together serially to form a loop, wherein each disk drive means within said loop has an input for receiving digital video data for storage and an output for providing stored digital video data, the output of each disk drive means being connected to the input of the succeeding disk drive means in said loop whereby successive segments of a video signal are stored on successive disk drives means in said loop, whereby said video segments are repeatedly moved at a time interval from the disk drive means on which the segments are currently stored to the succeeding disk drive means in said loop, and said plurality of means for retrieving said video segments comprising plurality of taps connected to said loop providing connection points for a viewer receiving said video signals from said loop, wherein each tap corresponds to the output of one of said plurality of disk drive means. In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of storing video data comprising by the steps of storing successive segments of said video data on a plurality of disk drive means and retrieving said stored segments from any one or more of said disk drive means in a controlled manner so as to allow for receipt of the complete video data, characterized in that said disk drive means are connected together serially to form a loop and each disk drive means within said loop has an input for receiving digital video data for storage and an output for providing stored digital video data wherein the output of each disk drive means is connected to the input of the succeeding disk drive means in said loop and wherein video segments are repeatedly moved at time intervals from the disk drive means on which the segments are currently stored on the succeeding disk drive means in said loop, said loop including a plurality of taps connected thereto and providing connection points for a viewer receiving said video data from said loop and wherein each tap corresponds to the output of one of said plurality of disk drive means. The present invention can advantageously provide a new and useful video storage system for movie on demand services. In particular, the present invention advantageously provides such a system which utilizes disk storage rather than Dynamic Random Access Memory, resulting in a substantial reduction in storage costs. Further, the present invention can readily provide for a new and useful video data storage system for movie-on-demand (MOD) applications whereby a requested video program is available to an MOD subscriber or viewer immediately, or within a relatively short delay, e.g. one to two minutes from the time the request was entered. Yet further, the present invention can advantageously provide a new and useful video data storage system for movie-on-demand (MOD) applications providing pause, play, fast forward and reverse functionality to a MOD subscriber or viewer, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player. There can therefore be provided, in accordance with the present invention, a digital video storage system, suitable for use within a movie-on-demand (MOD) system, comprising a plurality of disk drive storage devices; the disk drives being connected together serially to form a loop, wherein each disk drive within the loop has an input for receiving digital video data for storage and an output for providing stored digital video data, the output of each disk drive being connected to the input of the succeeding disk drive in the loop. Successive segments of a video program, stored on successive disk drives in the loop, are each repeatedly moved at a predefined time interval from the disk drive on which the segments are currently stored to the succeeding disk drive in the loop. A plurality of taps are connected to the loop to provide connection points for MOD subscribers or viewers for receiving the video program from the loop. Each tap corresponds to the output of one of the plurality of disk drives. During operation, the video program is provided at each tap, however at any instant each tap is providing a different segment of the video program. In the embodiment described above, means are also provided for changing the tap to which a MOD subscriber or viewer is connected in response to a request received from the viewer. This feature allows the MOD subscriber to pause, play, or to jump forward or backward in time to the beginning of any movie segment, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player. For a 100 minute long movie divided into 50 two-minute segments on a loop including 50 disk drive storage devices, the subscriber, by changing taps, could move forward or backward through the movie in two-minute increments. The invention is described further hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustration of a disk storage architecture including multiple disk drives arranged in a loop for storing and playing digital video in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustration of a disk storage architecture including multiple disk loops similar to that shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustration of a disk storage architecture including multiple, discrete, disk drives for storing and playing digital video and related to the present invention. Referring now to Fig. 1, there is illustrated a disk storage architecture for storing and playing movie-on-demand digital video in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The disk storage architecture includes a plurality of disk drives, identified by reference numerals 101 through 150, connected together serially in a loop (L1). To each one of disk drives 101 through 150 an output tap, identified by reference numerals 201 through 250, respectively, is provided. These taps provide network connections for MOD subscribers. The disk loop architecture of Fig. 1 further includes a high speed network connection 12 to a loop control unit 14 that functions to download movies from a distribution centre, not shown; initialize the disk drive storage elements 101 through 150, and to move the outputs of each disk drive storage element via taps 201 through 250 to a network connection. A movie saved to the above-described MOD system is divided into successive one or two minute segments, and the successive movie segments stored on successive disk drive storage elements along the loop. For example, a movie having a length of 100 minutes long can be divided into 50 segments, each having a length of 2 minutes. Fig. 1 illustrates the storage of a movie having 50 segments identified by reference letters A through AX, initialized on loop L1 with the starting segment A on disk element 150, second segment B on disk element 149 through the last four segments AU, AV, AW and AX of the movie on disk element 104, 103, 102 and 101, respectively. Video subscribers are connected to the MOD system through taps 201 through 250. Multiple users may be connected to each tap or to separate taps and the movie is delayed in time by the total duration of all the video segments stored in the intervening disk storage elements located between the separate taps. In operation, a movie is viewed by simultaneously shifting the movie segments out of each disk drive storage element and into the succeeding disk drive element along loop L1. As the segments are shifted out of the disk drive storage elements 101 through 150, they are also provided via taps 201 through 250, respectively, to the video subscribers connected to the system. This process continues at fixed intervals until the entire movie has been played through the loop, and may be continued indefinitely with the movie playing repeatedly through the loop. For a 100 minute movie, the entire movie will pass through each disk drive storage element 101 through 150 and each tap 201 through 250 during a 100 minute period, although each disk drive storage element and tap will start at a different movie segment. Table 1 provided below shows the segment contents of disks 101 through 150, taps 201 through 250, at two minute intervals for a 100 minute movie divided into 50 segments, A through AX, with the movie beginning a time 0 minutes. 0 min 2 min 4 min 6 min • • 96 min 98 min 100 min Tap 201 AX A B C • • AV AW AX Tap 202 AW AX A B • • AU AV AW Tap 203 AV AW AX A • • AT AU AV • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Tap 247 D E F G • • B C D Tap 248 C D E F • • A B C Tap 249 B C D E • • AX A B Tap 250 A B C D • • AW AX A Referring to the above table, at time 0 minutes segments A through AX are viewed on taps 250, 249, 248, ..., 203, 202 and 201, respectively. Two minutes later, segment A will be provided at tap 201, segment B at tap 250, segment C at tap 249, and so on. At time 100 min. the movie will repeat.. The fast forward and reverse functions are accomplished by moving the viewer/subscriber from their present tap to other taps on the loop. The taps 201, 202, 203 through 250 are points of data stream access as the digital movie is shifted from disk drive elements 101 to 102 to 103 through 250, respectively. The data at the taps may be in a serial or parallel form. Buffers, not shown, are provided at each tap to smooth the data stream transfer and remove jitter from the data for display. The buffer size could range from a few kilobytes for frame buffers to a few megabytes, depending on the sophistication of the MOD subscriber's display controller. A FIFO or rotating buffer scheme in conjunction with mapping of the Disk Interface Standard (e.g. SCSI) to a network standard (ATM) function allows the disk streams to be interfaced to the network transport/switching complex. The system as described above permits the MOD subscriber to pause, play, or to jump forward or backward in time to the beginning of any movie segment, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player, by changing the tap to which the subscriber is connected. For a 100 minute long movie divided into 50 two-minute segments, the subscriber, by changing taps, could move forward or backward through the movie in two-minute increments. The amount of disk storage per movie is the total of the storage provided by each of storage elements 101 through 150. As stated above, a standard quality VHS movie 100 minutes long typically will require approximately one gigabyte of storage. A conventional MOD scheme could require one gigabyte storage per delay element with shifting accomplished by delaying the start of each storage element relative to the previous element. A standard quality 100 minute movie played on the MOD system of the present invention having 50 storage elements would require only 20 megabyte per storage element. The amount of total storage required for the movie would remain the same for one subscriber or for a large number of subscribers. The present invention also allows for multiple movies in a loop such that each storage element could contain several movies. If each movie requires 20 megabyte per storage element, a system utilizing 500-megabyte disk drives as storage elements would allow up to 25 movies per loop (500MB/20 MB per movie = 25 movies). The MOD system of the present invention can be constructed with multiple loops L1 through Ln as shown in Fig. 2. The loops can be implemented with either serial or parallel connections, loop control unit 14 providing the switching necessary to serially connect multiple loops. Connecting two loops in series permits the playing of a movie having more segments than can be accommodated on a single loop. A movie may have more segments than can be accommodated on a single loop when the movie length is great, or the segment length is small, e.g. one minute long rather than two minutes in length. The disk storage architecture of Fig. 3 also includes a plurality of disk drives, identified by reference numerals 301 through 350. However, the drives are not connected together serially into a loop. A plurality of output taps, identified by reference numerals 401 through 450 are also provided, provide network connections for MOD subscribers. Each output tap 401 through 450 is connected through a corresponding switch, identified by reference numerals 501 through 550, to all disk drives. In the system as shown in Fig. 3, each switch includes fifty positions. The first position of each one of switches 501 through 550 connects to a corresponding one of drives 301 through 350. The second position of each one of switches 501 through 550 connects to a corresponding one of drives 350 and 301 through 349. The third position of each one of switches 501 through 550 connects to a corresponding one of drives 349, 350 and 301 through 348. The remaining switch positions are connected to the disk drives in accordance with the pattern described for the first, second and third switch positions. The operation of switches 501 through 550 is synchronized so that all switches operate simultaneously and at any selected time each tap is connected to a different disk drive. As with the MOD disk loop architecture of Fig. 1, a movie saved to the MOD disk storage architecture of Fig. 3, is divided into successive one or two minute segments, and the successive movie segments stored on successive disk drive storage elements. Fig. 3 shows such a movie, having 50 segments identified by reference letters A through AX, stored on disk drives 350, 349, 348, ..., 303, 302 and 301, respectively. In operation, a movie is viewed by simultaneously reading the movie segments stored on each of the disk drive storage elements and providing the segments via switches 501 through 550 and taps 401 through 450 to the video subscribers connected to the output taps. Following the read of each segment, switches 501 through 550 are incremented by one position so that the succeeding movie segments will be provided to the output taps. This process continues at fixed intervals until the entire movie has been played through each tap, and may be continued indefinitely with the movie playing repeatedly through each tap. At time = t min., an MOD subscriber connected to tap 450 of the system shown in of Fig. 3 will view segment A, read from disk drive 350 through switch 550. Two minutes later at time = t+2 minutes (assuming each movie segment has a length of two minutes) the viewer at tap 450 will have been connected through switch 550 with disk drive 349 to view the second segment, segment B, of the movie. The switch 550 will increment every two minutes to provide the entire movie to the MOD subscriber connected to tap 450. Each of switches 501 through 549 will operate in a similar manner as switch 550, to provide the movie to subscribers connected to taps 401 through 449, respectively, although each subscriber connected to a different tap will begin movie viewing at a different start time or at a different movie segment. The MOD system as shown in Fig. 3 does not require the actual movement of video data from disk element to disk element as the implementation shown in Fig. 1. The timing for Fig. 3 is also shown in Table 1. The system shown in Fig. 3 also permits the MOD subscriber to pause, play, or to jump forward or backward in time to the beginning of any movie segment, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player, by changing the tap to which the subscriber is connected. For a 100 minute long movie divided into 50 two-minute segments, the subscriber, by changing taps, could move forward or backward through the movie in two-minute increments. It can thus be seen that there has been provided by the present invention a video storage system for movie on demand (MOD) services whereby a requested video program is available to an MOD subscriber or viewer immediately, or within one to two minutes from the time the request was entered. Additionally the system provides to the subscriber pause, play, fast forward and reverse functionality, simulating the operation of a VCR or video disk player. It should be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to the details of the above examples and that various changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims. For example, any appropriate number of disk drive means and video signal retrieval means may be provided.

Claims: Video storage apparatus comprising a plurality of disk drive means (101-150; 301-350) each arranged for storing successive segments of a digital video signal, a respective plurality of means (201-250; 401-450) for retrieving said video signal segments from said plurality disk drive means (101-150; 301-350), means for controlling the connection between said plurality of means (201-250; 401-450) for retrieving said video signal segments and said plurality of disk drive means (101-150; 301-350); characterized in that said plurality of disk drive means (101-150) are connected together serially to form a loop (L1), wherein each disk drive means (101-150) within said loop (L1) has an input for receiving digital video data for storage and an output for providing stored digital video data, the output of each disk drive means (101-150) being connected to the input of the succeeding disk drive means (101-150) in said loop (L1) whereby successive segments of a video signal are stored on successive disk drives means (101-150) in said loop (L1), whereby said video segments are each repeatedly moved at a time interval from the disk drive means (101-150) on which the segments are currently stored to the succeeding disk drive means (101-150) in said loop (L1), and said plurality of means (201-250) for retrieving said video segments comprising plurality of taps connected to said loop (L1) providing connection points for a viewer receiving said video signals from said loop (L1), wherein each tap corresponds to the output of one of said plurality of disk drives means (101-150). Video storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, and further comprising means for changing the tap to which said viewer is connected in response to a request receiving from said viewer. Video storage apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein said video segments are equal in duration and said time interval is equivalent to the duration of said video segments. A method of storing video data comprising by the steps of storing successive segments of said video data on a plurality of disk drive means (101-150; 301-350) and retrieving said stored segments from any one or more of said disk drive means (101-150; 301-350) in a controlled manner so as to allow for receipt of the complete video data, characterized in that said disk drive means (101-150) are connected together serially to form a loop (L1) and each disk drive means (101-150) within said loop has an input for receiving digital video data for storage and an output for providing stored digital video data wherein the output of each disk drive means (101-150) is connected to the input of the succeeding disk drive means (101-150) in said loop (L1) and wherein video segments are repeatedly moved at time intervals from the disk drive means (101-150) on which the segments are currently stored on the succeeding disk drive means (101-150) in said loop (L1), said loop (L1) including a plurality of taps (201-250) connected thereto and providing connection points for a viewer receiving said video data from said loop (L1) and wherein each tap (201-250) corresponds to the output of one of said plurality of disk drive means (101-150). A method as claimed in Claim 4, further comprising the step of changing the tap (201-250; 401-450) to which said viewer is connected in response to a request received from said viewer. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 4 or 5, wherein said video segments are equal in duration and said time interval is equivalent to the duration of said video segments.

Inventors: DULAC KEITH, DULAC, KEITH
Applicants: HYUNDAI ELECTRONICS AMERICA
Application year: 1995
Main classification: G11C19
IPC codes: G11B27, H04N7, H04N5