USE OF INTERLEUKIN-12 TO PREVENT GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE

Abstract: The use of interleukin-12 to prevent, to ameliorate, and to treat graft-versus-host disease in a mammal in need of such treatment is disclosed.

Description: USE OF INTERLEUKIN-12 TO PREVENT GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease using interleukin-12. An individual mammal's immune system functions through recognition of certain cell surface proteins, some of which are termed major histocompatibility complex proteins, or MHC proteins. Additional minor histocompatibility proteins exist which can also contribute to immunological recognition events. The individual mammal's immune system recognizes its own MHC proteins, or those of its identical twin, as self and thus does riot destroy its own cells or those of its identical twin. Members of the same species may share major and/or minor histocompatibility antigens, and thus an individual may not .recognize the cells of another member of its species as non-self, depending on the degree of the differences between the MHC proteins of the two individuals. When an individual's immune system recognizes the cells of other members of the same species as non-self, the first individual's immune system may proceed to destroy the cells of the second individual. In humans, the major histocompatibility proteins are known as "HLA" antigens. When tissues such as bone marrow, blood cells, or solid organs are transplanted from one individual to another, normally the recipient will recognize the donor's cells as non-self and the recipient's immune system will destroy the donor's cells as described above. For this reason, in a tissue transplantation, the recipient is normally subjected to immunosuppressive drugs and/or irradiation. However, transplantation patients are also subject to immunologic recognition in the opposite direction, that is, the donor tissue may contain immunologically competent cells which proceed to destroy the recipient's cells, a condition termed "graft-versus-host disease" or "GVHD". At the present time, many leukemia and lymphoma patients are treated by bone marrow transplantation. When an identical twin is available, such transplantation is termed "syngeneic" since the genetic characteristics of donor and recipient are identical. More frequently, bone marrow transplantations are "allogeneic", that is, the bone marrow which is transplanted is donated by an individual whose genetic characteristics differ from those of the recipient, especially as regards the MHC and minor histocompatibility antigens expressed on the surfaces of each individual's cells. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is being performed more and more frequently. In 1990, more than 4,000 such transplantations occurred. In recognition of the increasing need for bone marrow donors compatible with potential recipients, an international marrow donor registration system has been developed, in order to provide phenotypically matched marrow from unrelated donors. Concomitant with the increasing frequency of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the incidence of potentially fatal complications such as graft-versus-host disease is also increasing. Graft-versus-host disease can develop when bone marrow, blood products, or solid organs containing immunocompetent cells are transferred from a donor to a recipient. Thus, when MHC antigenic differences exist between the donor and recipient, the recipient is at risk for the development of graft-versus-host disease. Graft- versus-host disease may also develop when there are antigenic differences between donor and recipient for the minor histocompatibility antigens. Thus, graft-versus-host disease can also develop between MHC-matched persons. Moreover, surgery patients who receive directed blood transfusion, for example, transfusion of blood from an HLA ho ozygous child to a heterozygous parent, may also develop graft-versus-host disease. Presently graft-versus-host disease is inhibited by attempting to eliminate immunocompetent donor cells, for example, by in vitro manipulation of the donor bone marrow. For example, immunocompetent T cells may be removed from the donor bone marrow through physical separation such as by lectin agglutination, or by treatment of the bone marrow with monoclonal antibodies directed to T cells. However, use of bone marrow depleted of T cells is associated with a higher rate of graft failure, which is frequently fatal. Use of T cell depleted bone marrow grafts is also associated with an increased incidence of relapse among the recipients, particularly recipients having chronic myelocytic leukemia. In another approach, the recipient is subjected to immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation. Such immunosuppression may occur by use of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, methotrexate, or combinations of such drugs. However, immunosuppression results in increased incidence of infection, and even when immunosuppressant drugs are used, graft-versus-host disease may still occur. Interleukin-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine which was originally identified as a factor which induces γ-interferon from T cells and natural killer cells as set forth in PCT/US91/06332, published April 2, 1992, which is incorporated herein by reference. PCT/US91/06332 refers to interleukin-12 as Natural Killer Cell Stimulating Factor or NKSF. EP 433827, published June 26, 1991 discloses interleukin-12 as a cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF) . The amino acid sequences of the human interleukin- 12 subunits are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1/SEQ ID NO: 2 (40 kD subunit) and SEQ ID NO: 3/SEQ ID NO: 4 (35 kD subunit) . Interleukin-12 also stimulates natural killer cells in vitro by increasing their ability to lyse target eells at a level comparable to that obtained with interferon-α and interleukin-2, well-known activators of natural killer cells' cytotoxic activity. Additional in vitro activities of interleukin-12 which have been identified include induction of T cell proliferation as a co- stimulant; suppression of interleukin-2 induced proliferation of natural killer blasts; suppression of interleukin-2 induced proliferation of T cell receptor-γ5-positive cells; promotion of Thl T cell differentiation from progenitors; enhancement of Thl, but not Th2 proliferation; enhancement of T cell cytolytic activity; enhancement of cytotoxic lymphocyte generation; enhancement of natural killer and natural killer blast cytolytic activity; ex vivo enhancement of natural killer activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of interleukin-2-treated patients; induction of adhesion molecules on natural killer cells; induction of perforin and granzyme B mRNAs in natural killer blasts; induction of interleukin-2 receptor subunits (p55, p75) on natural killer cells; induction of low levels of tumor necrosis factor-ct; suppression of IgE synthesis by interferon-γ-dependent and independent mechanisms; modulation of T cell development in fetal thymic organ cultures; and synergy with kit ligand to promote growth of myeloid and B cell progenitors. The known in vivo activities of interleukin-12 include induction of interferon- ; enhancement of natural killer cell activity in spleen, liver, lungs and peritoneal cavity; enhancement of generation of allo-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes; induction of extramedullary hematopoiesis in mouse spleen; reversible suppression of hematopoiesis in bone marrow; reversible induction of anemia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia in mice; suppression of anti-lgD induced IgE, IgGl, and interleukin-4 expression; increased survival in SCID mice treated with Toxoplasma gondii ; cure of leishmaniasis in susceptible strains of mice; decreased bioburden in cryptococcoses model; suppression of tumor growth; and promotion of immunity to tumor cells. Interleukin-12 is also induced in vivo in the shwarzman reaction model of septic shock. From the known activities of interleukin-12, it would be expected that treatment of mammals in allogeneic bone marrow 95/19786 transplantation would result in more severe graft-versus-host disease. Both interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, which are induced by interleukin-12 treatment, have been implicated in producing graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, cytotoxic T- lymphocytes, whose generation is enhanced by interleukin-12, have also been implicated in graft-versus-host disease pathophysiology. Murine studies have shown that inhibition of a Thl response by treatment with interleukin-2 is associated with inhibition of graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, enhancement of Thl responses by treatment with interleukin-12 would be expected to increase the severity of graft-versus-host disease. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the invention comprises a method of preventing graft-versus-host disease which comprises administering to a mammal, at the time of bone marrow transplantation, a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12. In another embodiment, the invention comprises a method of ameliorating graft-versus-host disease which comprises administering to a mammal, at the time of bone marrow transplantation, a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin- 12. In yet another embodiment, the invention comprises a method of treating graft-versus-host disease which comprises administering to a mammal experiencing graft-versus-host disease a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have surprisingly found that treatment of mammals subjected to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with interleukin-12, with or without co-administration of T-cell depleted syngeneic marrow, results in prolonged survival of said mammals, a result which indicates that interleukin-12 is useful for prevention of graft-versus-host disease in some cases and in amelioration of said disease in other cases. Specifically, as set forth in Example 1 below, mice which had been lethally irradiated and infused with bone marrow and spleen cells from fully MHC mismatched donor mice demonstrated prolonged survival from a course of interleukin-12 prophylaxis. In accordance with the present invention, therefore, interleukin-12 is defined as a heterodi eric glycoprotein comprised of two covalently linked subunits, one of said subunits having a molecular weight of about 40 kD and being characterized by the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID N0:1/SEQ ID NO:2, and the other subunit having a molecular weight of about 35 kD and being characterized by the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3/SEQ ID NO:4. Any form of interleukin-12 may be used as a component of the pharmaceutical composition used to practice the method of the invention, so long as that form of interleukin-12 is capable of preventing, ameliorating, or treating graft-versus-host disease in a mammal at risk for that disease. For example, interleukin-12 may be in the form of the heterodimer comprised of a 40 kD subunit disulfide-bonded to a 35 kD subunit. When interleukin-12 is a heterodimer, the 40 kD subunit has substantial homology to the 40 kD subunit of human interleukin-12 as set forth in SEQ ID N0:1/SEQ ID NO: 2 and is disulfide bonded to a 35 kD subunit having substantial homology to the 35 kD subunit of human interleukin-12 as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3/SEQ ID NO:4. "Substantial homology" means greater than 75% homology at the amino acid level, while retaining the ability to preventing, ameliorating, or treating graft-versus-host disease in a mammal at risk for that disease. Another form of interleukin-12 which may be used in the present invention is an interleukin-12 subunit capable of preventing, ameliorating, or treating graft-versus-host disease in a mammal at risk for that disease. Such an interleukin-1240 kD subunit has substantial homology to the human interleukin-12 40 D subunit of SEQ ID N0:1/SEQ ID NO:2, and such an interleukin-12 35 kD subunit has substantial homology to the hximan interleukin-12 35 kD subunit of SEQ ID NO:3/SEQ ID NO:4. Fragments of the interleukin-12 subunits that retain interleukin-12 biological activity are also be useful to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease in a mammal at risk for that disease, in accordance with the present invention. For use in the present invention, it is preferable to produce interleukin-12 recombinantly, through expression of DNA sequences encoding one or both of the interleukin-12 subunits in a suitable transformed host cell. For example, using known methods the DNA sequences encoding human interleukin-12 set forth in SEQ ID N0:1 (40 kD subunit) and SEQ ID NO:3 (35 kD subunit) may be linked to an expression vector such as pED (Kaufman et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 4484-4490(1991)). In such an expression vector, sequences which optimize translation such as CCACC ( ozak, M. , Nucleic Acids Res. 12., 857-871 (1984)) may be added 5' to the initiation codon using known methods. The expression vector containing the interleukin-12 subunits may then be transformed into a host cell, and protein expression may be induced and maximized, to produce heterodimeric human interleukin-12. For production of heterodimeric interleukin-12,the DNA sequences encoding the interleukin-12 subunits may be present on different expression plasmids or present in tandem on a single expression plasmid. When a subunit or fragment of interleukin-12 is used to practice the present invention, it may also be produced recombinantly using known methods. For example, the DNA sequence encoding the human interleukin-1240 D subunit set forth in SEQ ID N0:l may be linked to an expression vector, transformed into a host cell, and expression induced and maximized to produce the human interleukin-12 40 kD subunit. Similiarly, the DNA sequences encoding the human interleukin-1235 kD subunit as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3 may be linked to an expression vector, transformed into a host cell, and expression induced and maximized to produce the corresponding protein. Of course, degenerate DNA sequences encoding the interleukin-12 subunits may also be employed to produce interleukin-12 for use in the present invention, as can DNA sequences encoding allelic variants of the interleukin-12 subunits. Any suitable expression vector may be employed to produce interleukin-12 for use in the present invention. For mammalian expression, numerous expression vectors are known in addition to the pED vector mentioned above, such as pEF-BOS (Mizushima et al., Nucleic Acids Res. _L8./ 5322 (1990)); pXM, pJL3 and pJL4 (Gough et al., EMBO J. 4 . , 645-653 (1985)); and pMT2 (derived from pMT2-VWF, A.T.C.C. #67122; see PCT/US87/00033) . Suitable expression vectors for use in yeast, insect, and bacterial cells are also known. Construction and use of such expression vectors is well within the level of skill in the art. Suitable host cells for recombinant production of interleukin-12 useful in the present invention include, for example, mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, monkey COS cells, mouse 3T3 cells, mouse L cells, myeloma cells such as NSO (Galfre and Milstein, Methods in Enzymology 73., 3-46 (1981)), baby hamster kidney cells, and the like. Interleukin-12 may also be produced by transformation of yeast, insect, and bacterial cells with DNA sequences encoding the interleukin-12 subunits, induction and amplification of protein expression, using known methods. Recombinantly produced interleukin-12 can be purified from culture medium or cell extracts by conventional purification techniques. Culture medium or cell extracts containing interleukin-12 may be concentrated using a commercially available protein concentration filter, for example, an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration unit. Following the concentration step, the concentrate can be applied to a purification matrix such as a gel filtration medium. Alternatively, an anion exchange resin can be employed, for example, a matrix or substrate having pendant diethylamioethyl (DEAE) groups. The matrices can be acrylamide, agarose, dextran, cellulose or other types commonly employed in protein purification. Alternatively, a cation exchange step can be employed. Suitable cation exchangers include various insoluble matrices comprising sulfopropyl or carboxy ethyl groups. The purification of interleukin-12 from culture supernatant may also include one or more column steps over such affinity resins as lectin-agarose, heparin-toyopearl® or Cibacrom blue 3GA Sepharose®; or by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using such resins as phenyl ether, butyl ether, or propyl ether; or by immunoaffinity chromatography. Finally, one or more reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) steps employing hydrophobic RP-HPLC media, e.g., silica gel having pendant methyl or other aliphatic groups, can be employed to further purify interleukin-12 for use in the present methods and compositions. Some or all of the foregoing purification steps, in various combinations, can be employed to provide a substantially homogeneous isolated recombinant protein. Purification of interleukin-12 subunits or fragments for use in the present invention may differ from the optimal protocol for purification of the heterodimeric protein. Preferably, when human interleukin-12 is produced recombinantly as set forth above, it may be purified by the following method. The cells in which the human interleukin-12 has been made may be removed from the conditioned medium by filtration, and the conditioned medium is loaded onto Q-Sepharose FastFlow™ (available from Pharmacia) or an equivalent anion exchange medium, which has been equilibrated in 10-30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8-8.3. The column is then washed extensively with the same buffer followed by a wash with 30-45 mM histidine, pH 5.1-5.8, followed by a wash with the original equilibration buffer. The recombinant human interleukin-12 is eluted from the column with a buffer containing 20-50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8-8.5, and 0.15 to 0.50 M NaCl. the eluted material is loaded onto CM-Sepharose FastFlow™ (available from Pharmacia) or equivalent cation exchange medium which has been equilibrated in 20-50 mM MES, pH 5.7-6.4, and washed extensively with the same buffer. The column is washed with a buffer containing 20-40 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8-7.5 and 0.2-0.5 M NaCl. The eluted material is concentrated using -an Amicon™ S1Y30 or equivalent spiral cartridge membrane which has been washed and equilibrated in the elution buffer used in the CM-Seplarose FastFlow™ column. The material is concentrated to approximately 5% of the column volume of the final chromatographic step, which is size exclusion using S200 Sephacryl™ (available from Pharmacia) or an equivalent size exclusion resin. The size exclusion column is equilibrated and eluted with phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2-7, and the recombinant human interleukin-12 peak is collected and filtered for use in the method of the invention. Those of skill in the art of protein purification may use alternative purification methods to obtain recombinantly-produced human interleukin-12 for use in the method of the invention. Interleukin-12 may be purified from culture medium or extracts of cells which naturally produce the protein and used in the present invention. Exemplary purification schemes for naturally produced interleukin-12 are set forth in PCT/US91/06332 and in EP 433827. For use in the method of the invention, a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 is administered to a mammal at risk of developing graft-versus-host disease. As used herein, the term therapeutically effective amount means the total amount of each active component of the pharmaceutical composition or method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit, i.e., a reduction in the incidence or severity of acute or chronic graft- versus-host disease compared to that expected for a comparable group of patients not receiving interleukin-12, ~as determined by the attending physician. When applied to an individual active ingredient administered alone, the term refers to that ingredient alone. When applied to a combination, the term refers to combined amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially, or simultaneously. In practicing the method of the present invention, a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 is administered to a mammal at risk of developing graft-versus-host disease. The interleukin-12 may be administered in accordance with the method of the invention either alone or in combination with other therapies such as treatments employing T cell-depleted autologous or syngeneic bone marrow, immunosuppressive drugs, cytokines, lymphokines, or other hematopoietic factors. When co-administered with T-cell-depleted autologous or syngeneic bone marrow, immunosuppressive drugs, one or more cytokines, lymphokines, or other hematopoietic factors, the interleukin-12 may be administered either simultaneously with the T-cell-depleted autologous or syngeneic bone marrow, immunosuppressive drugs, cytokine(s), lymphokine(s) , other hematopoietic factor(s) , or sequentially. If administered sequentially, the attending physician will decide on the appropriate sequence of administering the interleukin-12 in combination with the T-cell depleted autologous or syngeneic bone marrow, immunosuppressive drugs, cytokine(s) , lymphokine(s) , and other hematopoietic factor(s) . Administration of the interleukin-12 used to practice the method of the present invention can be carried out in a variety of conventional ways, such as oral ingestion, inhalation, or cutaneous, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection. Intravenous or subcutaneous administration to the patient is preferred. When a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 is administered orally, the interleukin-12 will be in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, solution or elixir. When administered in tablet form, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may additionally contain a solid carrier such as a gelatin or an adjuvant. The tablet, capsule and powder contain from about five to 95% interleukin-12, preferably from about 25-90% interleukin-12. When administered in liquid form, a liquid carrier such as water, petroleum, oils of animal or plant origins such as peanut oil, mineral oil, soy bean oil, or sesame oil, or synthetic oils, may be added. The liquid form of the pharmaceutical composition may further contain physiological saline solution, dextrose, or other saccharide solutions, or glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol. When administered in liquid form, the pharmaceutical composition contains about 0.5 to 90% by weight of interleukin-12 and preferably from about 1 to 50% interleukin- 12. When a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 is administered by intravenous, cutaneous or subcutaneous injection, the interleukin-12 will be in the form a pyrogen-free, parenterally-acceptable aqueous solution. The preparation of such parenterally-acceptable protein solutions, having due regard to pH, isotonicity, stability, and the like, is within the skill in the art. A preferred pharmaceutical composition for intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection should contain, in addition to interleukin-12, an isotonic vehicle such as Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Injection, Dextrose Injection, Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, Lactated Ringer's Injection, or other vehicle as known in the art. The pharmaceutical composition for use in the present method may also contain stabilizers, preservatives, buffers, antioxidants, or other additive known to those with skill in the art. It is contemplated that the pharmaceutical composition used to practice the method of the present invention should contain about 0.1 pg to about 100 mg of interlAukin-12 per ml of solution, preferably about 0.1 mg of interleukin-12 per ml of solution. In practicing the method of preventing or ameliorating graft- versus-host disease in accordance with the present invention, it is contemplated that the duration of the application of interleukin-12 will be in the range of 12-48 hours of continuous or intermittent subcutaneous or intravenous administration, beginning at the time of transplantation. For the purpose of the present invention, "at the time of bone marrow transplantation" is defined as being during the 1 hour period before or the 1 to 24 hour period after the bone marrow transplantation. As an example of a method for preventing or ameliorating graft-versus-host disease, preferably 1 ng/kg to 100 μg/kg of interleukin-12 may be administered daily to the mammal, more preferably 5 ng/kg to 10 μg/kg of interleukin-12 may be administered daily to the mammal, and most preferably 10 ng/kg to 1 μg/kg may be administered daily to the mammal. In one preferred dosage regimen, the first dose of interleukin-12 is given one hour after bone marrow transplantation and two more doses are given on days one and two post-transplant. Alternative treatment regimens may be appropriate for individual patients and will be determined by the attending physician, taking into account the nature and severity of the condition being treated, and the nature of the prior treatments which the patient has undergone. Modifications of the treatment regimen set forth above for prevention or ameliorating graft-versus-host disease may be made for treatment of ongoing acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease. For the purpose of the present invention, "acute graft- versus-host disease" is defined as occurring during the time period from three days to 100 days post transplantation in humans or from three days to 30 days post transplantation in mice; and "chronic graft-versus-host disease" is defined as occurring at any time after 100 days post-transplantation in humans or at any time after 30 days post transplantation in mice. As an example of a method for treating ongoing acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, 1 pg/kg to 100 μg/kg may be administered daily to a mammal experiencing acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, until improvement or remission of the symptoms of acute or chronic graft- versus-host disease is observed. Ultimately, the attending physician will decide on the appropriate duration-of subcutaneous or intravenous therapy using the pharmaceutical composition of interleukin-12 in the method of the present invention. EXAMPLE 1 Use of Recombinant murine IL-12 for the Inhibition of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) in Mice Thirty C57B1/10 mice were lethally irradiated with 10.25 Gy whole body irradiation. On the same day, 27 of these mice received an intravenous inoculum containing 9xl0 6 bone marrow cells and 13xl0 6 spleen cells (as an additional source of GVHD-causing T lymphocytes) from fully MHC-mismatched (and multiple minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched) A/J donor mice. In addition, 18 of these mice received 5xl0 6 BIO (i.e., host-type syngeneic, the murine counterpart of autologous marrow) T cell- depleted (TCD) bone marrow cells in the same inoculum. The three remaining mice served as non-GVHD controls, and received T cell- depleted BIO marrow only. Nine of the 18 mice receiving A/J bone marrow-and spleen cells plus TCD BIO BMC were treated with recombinant murine interleukin- 12 (Schoenhaut et al., J. Immunol. 148. 3433-3440 (1992)) at a dose of 1 μg (approximately 50 μg/kg) per day intraperitoneally on days 0, 1, and 2 (day 0 being the day of the transplant). In addition, the group receiving A/J bone marrow and spleen cells alone also received a similar course of interleukin-12 prophylaxis. The result of this experiment was that most of the mice (8 of 9) receiving A/J bone marrow and spleen cells plus TCD B10 bone marrow cells died by day 10. The death was due to GVHD, as recipients of TCD syngeneic marrow alone all survived in excellent health. In the interleukin-12-treated group that also received A/J bone marrow and spleen cells plus TCD BIO bone marrow cells, none of the nine animals died by day 10, and all were still alive by day 20. This protective effect of interleukin-12 was somewhat dependent on the co-administration of TCD BIO bone marrow cells, since 5 of 9 animals receiving A/J bone marrow and spleen cells without TCD BIO BMC, plus interleukin-12 treatment, died by day 9. Thus, interleukin-12 protected against acute GVHD mortality, and this effect was most marked when TCD host-type bone marrow cells were also given. In a second experiment, animals receiving interleukin-12 prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease induced by A/J bone marrow and spleen cells showed similar graft- versus-host disease protection, both in the presence and in the absence of T-cell-depleted host-type bone marrow. SEQUENCE LISTING (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: (i) APPLICANT: Genetics Institute, Inc. and The General Hospital Corp. (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: USE OF INTERLEUKIN-12 TO PREVENT GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 4 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: (A) ADDRESSEE: Genetics Institute, Inc., Legal Affairs (B) STREET: 87 CambridgePark Drive (C) CITY: Cambridge (D) STATE: MA (E) COUNTRY: USA (F) ZIP: 02140 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS (D) SOFTWARE: Patentln Release #1.0, Version #1.25 (vi) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: (A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 08/186,529 (B) FILING DATE: 21 January 1994 (C) CLASSIFICATION: (viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: (A) NAME: Scott A. Brown (B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 32,724 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: GI 5225-PCT (ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION: (A) TELEPHONE: 617-498-8224 (B) TELEFAX: 617-876-5851 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 987 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Homo sapiens (G) CELL TYPE: Lymphoblast (H) CELL LINE: RPMI 8866 (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 1..987 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID N0:1: ATG TGT CAC CAG CAG TTG GTC ATC TCT TGG TTT TCC CTG GTT TTT CTG 48 Met Cys His Gin Gin Leu Val lie Ser Trp Phe Ser Leu Val Phe Leu 1 5 10 15 GCA TCT CCC CTC GTG GCC ATA TGG GAA CTG AAG AAA GAT GTT TAT GTC 96 Ala Ser Pro Leu Val Ala lie Trp Glu Leu Lys Lys Asp Val Tyr Val 20 25 30 GTA GAA TTG GAT TGG TAT CCG GAT GCC CCT GGA GAA ATG GTG GTC CTC 144 Val Glu Leu Asp Trp Tyr Pro Asp Ala Pro Gly Glu Met Val Val Leu 35 40 45 ACC TGT GAC ACC CCT GAA GAA GAT GGT ATC ACC TGG ACC TTG GAC CAG 192 Thr Cys Asp Thr Pro Glu Glu Asp Gly lie Thr Trp Thr Leu Asp Gin 50 55 60 AGC AGT CAG GTC TTA GGC TCT GGC AAA ACC CTG ACC ATC CAA GTC AAA 240 Ser Ser Glu Val Leu Gly Ser Gly Lys Thr Leu Thr lie Gin Val Lys 65 70 75 80 GAG TTT GGA GAT GCT GG CAG TAC ACC TGT CAC AAA GGA GGC GAG GTT 288 Glu Phe Gly Asp Ala Gly Gin Tyr Thr Cys His Lys Gly Gly Glu Val 85 90 95 CTA AGC CAT TCG CTC CTG CTG CTT CAC AAA AAG GAA GAT GGA ATT TGG 336 Leu Ser His Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu His Lys Lys Glu Asp Gly lie Trp 100 105 110 TCC ACT GAT ATT TTA AAG GAC CAG AAA GAA CCC AAA AAT AAG ACC TTT 384 Ser Thr Asp lie Leu Lys Asp Gin Lys Glu Pro Lys Asn Lys Thr Phe 115 120 125 CTA AGA TGC GAG GCC AAG AAT TAT TCT GGA CGT TTC ACC TGC TGG TGG 432 Leu Arg Cys Glu Ala Lys Asn Tyr Ser Gly Arg Phe Thr Cys Trp- Trp 130 135 140 CTG ACG ACA ATC AGT ACT GAT TTG ACA TTC AGT GTC AAA AGC AGC AGA 480 Leu Thr Thr lie Ser Thr Asp Leu Thr Phe Ser Val Lys Ser Ser Arg 145 150 155 160 GGC TCT TCT GAC CCC CAA GGG GTG ACG TGC GGA GCT GCT ACA CTC TCT 528 Gly Ser Ser Asp Pro Gin Gly Val Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr Leu Ser 165 170 175 GCA GAG AGA GTC AGA GGG GAC AAC AAG GAG TAT GAG TAC TCA GTG GAG 576 Ala Glu Arg Val Arg Gly Asp Asn Lys Glu Tyr Glu Tyr Ser Val Glu 180 185 190 TGC CAG GAG GAC AGT GCC TGC CCA GCT GCT GAG GAG AGT CTG CCC ATT 624 Cys Gin Glu Asp Ser Ala Cys Pro Ala Ala Glu Glu Ser Leu Pro lie 195 200 205 GAG GTC ATG GTG GAT GCC GTT CAC AAG CTC AAG TAT GAA AAC TAC ACC 672 Glu Val Met Val Asp Ala Val His Lys Leu Lys Tyr Glu Asn Tyr Thr 210 215 220 AGC AGC TTC TTC ATC AGG GAC ATC ATC AAA CCT GAC CCA CCC AAG AAC 720 Ser Ser Phe Phe lie Arg Asp lie lie Lys Pro Asp Pro Pro Lys Asn 225 230 235 240 TTG CAG CTG AAG CCA TTA AAG AAT TCT CGG CAG GTG GAG GTC AGC TGG 768 Leu Gin Leu Lys Pro Leu Lys Asn Ser Arg Gin Val Glu Val Ser Trp 245 250 255 GAG TAC CCT GAC ACC TGG AGT ACT CCA CAT TCC TAC TTC TCC CTG ACA 816 Glu Tyr Pro Asp Thr Trp Ser Thr Pro His Ser Tyr Phe Ser Leu Thr 260 265 270 TTC TGC GTT CAG GTC CAG GGC AAG AGC AAG AGA GAA AAG AAA GAT AGA 864 Phe Cys Val Gin Val Gin Gly Lys Ser Lys Arg Glu Lys Lys Asp Arg 275 280 285 GTC TTC ACG GAC AAG ACC TCA GCC ACG GTC ATC TGC CGC AAA AAT GCC 912 Val Phe Thr Asp Lys Thr Ser Ala Thr Val He Cys Arg Lye Asn Ala 290 295 300 AGC ATT AGC GTG CGG GCC CAG GAC CGC TAC TAT AGC TCA TCT TGG AGC 960 Ser He Ser Val Arg Ala Gin Asp Arg Tyr Tyr Ser Ser Ser Trp Ser 305 310 315 320 GAA TGG GCA TCT GTG CCC TGC AGT TAG 987 Glu Trp Ala Ser Val Pro Cys Ser 325 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 328 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2: Met Cys His Gin Gin Leu Val He Ser Trp Phe Ser Leu Val Pher Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Pro Leu Val Ala He Trp Glu Leu Lys Lys Asp Val Tyr Val 20 25 30 Val Glu Leu Asp Trp Tyr Pro Asp Ala Pro Gly Glu Met Val Val Leu 35 40 45 Thr Cys Asp Thr Pro Glu Glu Asp Gly He Thr Trp Thr Leu Asp Gin 50 55 60 Ser Ser Glu Val Leu Gly Ser Gly Lys Thr Leu Thr He Gin Val Lys 65 70 75 80 Glu Phe Gly Asp Ala Gly Gin Tyr Thr Cys His Lys Gly Gly Glu Val 85 90 95 Leu Ser His Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu His Lys Lys Glu Asp Gly He Trp 100 105 110 Ser Thr Asp He Leu Lys Asp Gin Lys Glu Pro Lys Asn Lys Thr Phe 115 120 125 Leu Arg Cys Glu Ala Lys Asn Tyr Ser Gly Arg Phe Thr Cys Trp Trp 130 135 140 Leu Thr Thr He Ser Thr Asp Leu Thr Phe Ser Val Lys Ser Ser Arg 145 150 155 160 Gly Ser Ser Asp Pro Gin Gly Val Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ala Glu Arg Val Arg Gly Asp Asn Lys Glu Tyr Glu Tyr Ser Val Glu 180 185 190 Cys Gin Glu Asp Ser Ala Cys Pro Ala Ala Glu Glu Ser Leu Pro He 195 200 205 Glu Val Met Val Asp Ala Val His Lys Leu Lys Tyr Glu Asn Tyr Thr 210 215 220 Ser Ser Phe Phe He Arg Asp He He Lys Pro Asp Pro Pro Lys Asn 225 230 235 240 Leu Gin Leu Lys Pro Leu Lys Asn Ser Arg Gin Val Glu Val Ser Trp 245 250 255 Glu Tyr Pro Asp Thr Trp Ser Thr Pro His Ser Tyr Phe Ser Leu Thr 260 265 270 Phe Cys Val Gin Val Gin Gly Lys Ser Lys Arg Glu Lys Lys Asp Arg 275 280 285 Val Phe Thr Asp Lys Thr Ser Ala Thr Val He Cys Arg Lys Asn Ala 290 295 300 Ser He Ser Val Arg Ala Gin Asp Arg Tyr Tyr Ser Ser Ser Trp Ser 305 310 315 320 Glu Trp Ala Ser Val Pro Cys Ser 325 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 660 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Homo sapiens (G) CELL TYPE: Lymphoblast (H) CELL LINE: RPMI 8866 (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 1..660 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: ATG TGT CCA GCG CGC AGC CTC CTC CTT GTG GCT ACC CTG GTC CTC CTG 48 Met Cys Pro Ala Arg Ser Leu Leu Leu Val Ala Thr Leu Val Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 GAC CAC CTC AGT TTG GCC AGA AAC CTC CCC GTG GCC ACT CCA GAC CCA 96 Asp His Leu Ser Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Pro Val Ala Thr Pro Asp Pro 20 25 30 GGA ATG TTC CCA TGC CTT CAC CAC TCC CAA AAC CTG CTG AGG GCC GTC 144 Gly Met Phe Pro Cys Leu His His Ser Gin Asn Leu Leu Arg Ala Val 35 40 45 AGC AAC ATG CTC CAG AAG GCC AGA CAA ACT CTA GAA TTT TAC CCT TGC 192 Ser Asn Met Leu Gin Lys Ala Arg Gin Thr Leu Glu Phe Tyr Pro Cys 50 55 60 ACT TCT GAA GAG ATT GAT CAT GAA GAT ATC ACA AAA GAT AAA ACC AGC 240 Thr Ser Glu Glu He Asp His Glu Asp He Thr Lys Asp Lys Thr Ser 65 70 75 80 ACA GTG GAG GCC TGT TTA CCA TTG GAA TTA ACC AAG AAT GAG AGT TGC 288 Thr Val Glu Ala Cys Leu Pro Leu Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Glu Ser Cys 85 90 95 CTA AAT TCC AGA GAG ACC TCT TTC ATA ACT AAT GGG AGT TGC CTG GCC 336 Leu Asn Ser Arg Glu Thr Ser Phe He Thr Asn Gly Ser Cys Leu Ala 100 105 110 TCC AGA AAG ACC TCT TTT ATG ATG GCC CTG TGC CTT AGT AGT ATT TAT 384 Ser Arg Lys Thr Ser Phe Met Met Ala Leu Cys Leu Ser Ser He Tyr 115 120 125 GAA GAC TTG AAG ATG TAC CAG GTG GAG TTC AAG ACC ATG AAT GCA AAG 432 Glu Asp Leu Lys Met Tyr Gin Val Glu Phe Lys Thr Met Asn Ala Lys 130 135 140 CTT CTG ATG GAT CCT AAG AGG CAG ATC TTT CTA GAT CAA AAC ATG CTG 480 Leu Leu Met Asp Pro Lys Arg Gin He Phe Leu Asp Gin Asn Met Leu 145 150 155 160 GCA GTT ATT GAT GAG CTG ATG CAG GCC CTG AAT TTC AAC AGT GA© ACT 528 Ala Val He Asp Glu Leu Met Gin Ala Leu Asn Phe Asn Ser Glu Thr 165 170 175 GTG CCA CAA AAA TCC TCC CTT GAA GAA CCG GAT TTT TAT AAA ACT AAA 576 Val Pro Gin Lys Ser Ser Leu Glu Glu Pro Asp Phe Tyr Lys Thr Lys 180 185 190 ATC AAG CTC TGC ATA CTT CTT CAT GCT TTC AGA ATT CGG GCA GTG ACT 624 He Lys Leu Cys He Leu Leu His Ala Phe Arg He Arg Ala Val Thr 195 200 205 ATT GAT AGA GTG ATG AGC TAT CTG AAT GCT TCC TAA 660 He Asp Arg Val Met Ser Tyr Leu Asn Ala Ser 210 215 220 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 219 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: Met Cys Pro Ala Arg Ser Leu Leu Leu Val Ala Thr Leu Val Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Asp His Leu Ser Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Pro Val Ala Thr Pro Asp Pro 20 25 30 Gly Met Phe Pro Cys Leu His His Ser Gin Asn Leu Leu Arg Ala Val 35 40 45 Ser Asn Met Leu Gin Lys Ala Arg Gin Thr Leu Glu Phe Tyr Pro Cys 50 55 60 Thr Ser Glu Glu He Asp His Glu Asp He Thr Lys Asp Lys Thr Ser 65 70 75 80 Thr Val Glu Ala Cys Leu Pro Leu Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Glu Ser Cys 85 90 95 Leu Asn Ser Arg Glu Thr Ser Phe He Thr Asn Gly Ser Cys Leu Ala 100 105 110 Ser Arg Lys Thr Ser Phe Met Met Ala Leu Cys Leu Ser Ser He Tyr 115 120 125 Glu Asp Leu Lys Met Tyr Gin Val Glu Phe Lys Thr Met Asn Ala Lys 130 135 140 Leu Leu Met Asp Pro Lys Arg Gin He Phe Leu Asp Gin Asn Met Leu 145 150 155 160 Ala Val He Asp Glu Leu Met Gin Ala Leu Asn Phe Asn Ser Glu Thr 165 170 175 Val Pro Gin Lys Ser Ser Leu Glu Glu Pro Asp Phe Tyr Lys Thr Lys 180 185 190 He Lys Leu Cys He Leu Leu His Ala Phe Arg He Arg Ala Val Thr 195 200 205 He Asp Arg Val Met Ser Tyr Leu Asn Ala Ser 210 215

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method of preventing graft-versus-host disease which comprises administering to a mammal, at the time of bone marrow transplantation, a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin- 12. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 comprises 1 to 100 μg/kg body weight. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the interleukin-12 is administered for three days beginning on the day of the bone marrow transplant. 4. A method of ameliorating graft-versus-host disease which comprises administering to a mammal, at the time of bone marrow transplantation, a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin- 12. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 comprises 1 ng to 100 μg/-kg body weight. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the interleukin-12 is administered for three days beginning on the day of the bone marrow transplant. 7. A method of treating graft-versus-host disease which comprises administering to a mammal experiencing graft-versus-host disease a therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of interleukin-12 comprises 1 to 100 μg/kg body weight. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the interleukin-12 is administered daily until improvement of the acute graft-versus-host disease is observed. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the interleukin-12 is administered daily until remission of the graft-versus-host disease is observed.

Inventors: SYKES MEGAN, WOLF STANLEY F, SYKES, MEGAN, WOLF, STANLEY, F.
Applicants: GEN HOSPITAL CORP, GENETICS INST, GENETICS INSTITUTE, INC., THE GENERAL HOSPITAL CORPORATION
Application year: 1995
Main classification: A61K38
IPC codes: A61K38, A61P37, C07K14