Vibrating gyroscope

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope in which harmonic components can be removed relatively easily and which can detect a rotational angular velocity accurately. The vibrating gyroscope (10) comprises a vibrator (12) in which detecting pieces (16a, 16b) and a driving piece (16c) are created on sides of a vibrating member (14), inverting amplifier circuits (24, 26) for amplifying output signals of the detecting pieces (16a, 16b), a comparator circuit (32) for shaping the waveform of output signals of the inverting amplifier circuits (24, 26), a phase compensating circuit (34) for adjusting a phase of the output signal of the comparator circuit (32) and for feeding the output signal back to the driving piece (16c) to stably vibrate the vibrating member, a differential circuit (38) for finding a difference of the output signals of the inverting amplifier circuits (24, 26) and a synchronous detector circuit (40) for detecting the output signal of the differential circuit (38) in synchronism with the signal of the comparator circuit (32).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibrating gyroscope and more particularly to a vibrating gyroscope for detecting a rotational angular velocity by utilizing flexural vibration of a vibrating member for example. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating one example of a prior art vibrating gyroscope. The vibrating gyroscope 100 includes a vibrator 102 which, in turn, comprises an equilateral triangle-columnar vibrating member 103 and piezoelectric elements 104a, 104b and 104c created on the sides of the vibrating member 103. The feedback piezoelectric element 104c is connected to an oscillation circuit 105. An output end of the oscillation circuit 105 is connected to the piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b via a phase compensating circuit 106 and a variable resistor 107. The piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b are used for driving the vibrating member 103 so as to cause flexural vibration as well as for detecting signals corresponding to a rotational angular velocity. The piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b are also connected to a differential circuit 108. Then, a synchronous detector circuit 109 detects an output signal from the differential circuit 108. At this time, the output signal from the oscillation circuit 105 is used as the synchronizing signal. The output signal synchronously detected by the synchronous detector circuit 109 is then amplified by a DC amplifier 110. In the vibrating gyroscope 100 described above, the vibrating member 103 flexurally vibrates in a direction crossing at right angles with the face where the piezoelectric element 104c is created as the output signal of the oscillation circuit 105, whose phase has been adjusted by the phase compensating circuit 106, is fed back to the driving piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b. In this case, output signals of chopped waves are obtained respectively from the piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b. Then, a rotational angular velocity may be detected by taking a difference of those two chopped waves out of the piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b. That is, when the vibrating member 103 is not rotating centering on its axis in the state wherein the vibrating member 103 flexurally vibrates, the signals obtained from the piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b are the same and the output signal from the differential circuit 108 indicates zero. When the vibrating member 103 rotates centering on its axis in this state, the direction of the flexural vibration of the vibrating member 103 changes due to the Coriolis force. As a result, a difference is brought about between the output signals of the piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b and the differential circuit 108 outputs a signal of the difference. Then, the synchronous detector circuit 109 detects the output signal from the differential circuit 108. Because a signal output from the synchronous detector circuit 109 at this time corresponds to the rotational angular velocity, the rotational angular velocity applied to the vibrating gyroscope 100 may be detected by measuring the signal. However, because the difference of the chopped waves of two piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b is found by the differential circuit and is detected in the prior art vibrating gyroscope as described above, harmonic components remain in the output signal after the synchronous detection. As a result, the harmonic components cause a drift when the rotational angular velocity is very small or when a temperature changes, thus disallowing to detect the rotational angular velocity accurately. Further, it has been difficult to remove the harmonic components because two piezoelectric elements 104a and 104b are used for driving the vibrating member as well as for detecting the signals and the output signals are complicated. US-A-5,349,857 discloses several vibrating gyroscopes. One vibrating gyroscope comprises a vibrating body, two driving piezoelectric elements and two detecting piezoelectric elements, an oscillator fed by the first driving element, a phase circuit connected to the oscillator, and an AGC circuit connected to the phase circuit, the oscillator, the phase circuit and the AGC circuit forming a feedback loop between the first driving element and the second driving element. The output signals of the detecting piezoelectric elements are input in a differential amplifier, which is connected to a synchronizing detection circuit followed by a smoothing circuit and DC amplifier to provide an output signal indicating a rotational angular velocity applied to the vibrating gyroscope. The synchronizing detection circuit is controlled by the oscillator. Another vibrating gyroscope comprises two detecting piezoelectric elements and one driving piezoelectric element disposed on the respective sides of a vibrating body. By using a variable resistor for combining the two output signals output by the detecting elements an input signal for an amplifier circuit is formed. The amplifier circuit is connected to a low-pass filter, the output signal of which being input into the driving piezoelectric element to obtain a stable self-oscillation drive. On the other hand, the detection signals are input into a differential circuit comprising two amplifiers, wherein each amplifier is provided with an ideal diode circuit to produce sinewave output signals. The output signal having positive half waves is smoothed by a low-pass filter. Similarly, the output signal having negative halfwaves is smoothed by another low-pass filter. Thus, at the output of the low-pass filters two DC signals having different polarities are output. These two signals are combined by using a resistor to output a signal indicating the rotational angular velocity applied to the vibrating gyroscope. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vibrating gyroscope whose harmonic components can be removed relatively easily and which can detect a rotational angular velocity accurately. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This object is achieved by a vibrating gyroscope in accordance with claim 1. In a first sub-aspect of the present invention described in Claim 2, the plurality of amplifier circuits amplify the output signals obtained from the plurality of detecting pieces and the comparator circuit shapes the waveform of the output signals obtained from the amplifier circuits. The phase compensating circuit adjusts the phase of the output signal obtained from the comparator circuit. The output signal obtained from the phase compensating circuit is fed back to the driving piece to stably vibrate the vibrating member. Further, the differential circuit finds the difference of the output signals from the plurality of amplifier circuits and the signal of the difference is detected in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit. In a second sub-aspect of the present invention described in Claim 3, the buffer circuits convert the impedance of the output signals obtained from the plurality of detecting pieces into a very small impedance and the comparator circuit shapes the waveform of the output signals obtained from the buffer circuits. The phase compensating circuit adjusts the phase of the output signal obtained from the comparator circuit. The output signal obtained from the phase compensating circuit is fed back to the driving piece to stably vibrate the vibrating member. Further, the differential circuit finds the difference of the output signals from the buffer circuits and the signal of the difference is detected in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit. In a third sub-aspect of the present invention described in Claim 4, the phase circuits adjust the phase of the output signals obtained from the plurality of detecting pieces and the comparator circuit shapes the waveform of the output signals obtained from the phase circuits. The phase compensating circuit adjusts the phase of the output signal obtained from the comparator circuit. The output signal obtained from the phase compensating circuit is fed back to the driving piece to stably vibrate the vibrating member. Further, the differential circuit finds the difference of the output signals from the detecting pieces and the signal of the difference is synchronously detected in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit. According to the first sub-aspect of the present invention described in Claim 2, because the vibrating member is driven by one driving piece and the detection is made by the plurality of detecting pieces, the output signals may be simplified. Further, the signal representing the rotational angular velocity may be clearly separated from the drift by synchronously detecting the output signal from the differential circuit in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit. As a result, harmonic components which may cause the drift may be removed and the accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity may be improved by the relatively simple circuit. According to the second sub-aspect of the present invention described in Claim 3, because the vibrating member is driven by one driving piece and the detection is made by the plurality of detecting pieces, the output signals may be simplified. Further, the signal representing the rotational angular velocity may be clearly separated from the drift by synchronously detecting the output signal from the differential circuit in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit. As a result, harmonic components which may cause the drift may be removed and the accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity may be improved by the relatively simple circuit. Still more, because the impedance of the output signals are converted by the buffer circuits, changes of the impedance of the vibrator less affect the output signals and the accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity may be improved further. According to the third sub-aspect of the present invention described in Claim 4, because the vibrating member is driven by one driving piece and the detection is made by the plurality of detecting pieces, the output signals may be simplified. Further, the signal representing the rotational angular velocity may be clearly separated from the drift by adjusting the phase of the output signals from the plurality of detecting pieces by the phase circuit and by synchronously detecting the output signal from the differential circuit in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit. As a result, harmonic components which may cause the drift may be removed and the accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity may be improved by the relatively simple circuit. The above and other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in connection with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating one preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a vibrator used in a vibrating gyroscope shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a section view of the vibrator shown in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a still other embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a different embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating one example of a prior art vibrating gyroscope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating one preferred embodiment of the present invention. A vibrating gyroscope 10 includes a vibrator 12 which, in turn, comprises an equilateral triangle-columnar vibrating element 14 for example as shown in FIG. 2. The vibrating member 14 is made from a material which typically generates mechanical vibrations, such as elinver, iron-nickel alloy, silica, glass, quartz and ceramics. As shown in FIG. 3, detecting pieces 16a and 16b and a driving piece 16c are created on the sides of the vibrating member 14. In the present embodiment, piezoelectric elements are used for the detecting pieces 16a and 16b and the driving piece 16c. The detecting piece 16a contains a piezoelectric plate 18a made from a piezoelectric ceramics for example. Electrodes 20a and 22a are created on both sides of the piezoelectric plate 18a. One electrode 22a is pasted to the vibrating member 14. Similarly, the detecting piece 16b and the driving piece 16c contain piezoelectric plates 18b and 18c, respectively, and electrodes 20b and 22b and electrodes 20c and 22c are created on both sides thereof, respectively. Respective one electrode 22b and electrode 22c of those piezoelectric elements 16b and 16c are pasted on the vibrating member 14. The detecting pieces 16a and 16b are used for feeding back signals when the vibrating member 14 is flexurally vibrated as well as for detecting signals corresponding to a rotational angular velocity. The driving piece 16c is used to drive the vibrating member 14 to cause flexural vibration thereof and a driving signal is input to the driving piece 16c. As shown in FIG. 1, the detecting pieces 16a and 16b are connected with inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26, respectively. The inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 invert the polarity of the output signals obtained from the detecting pieces 16a and 16b and amplify them. Accordingly, a phase of signals output from the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 is shifted by 180° from the signals obtained from the detecting pieces 16a and 16b. The inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 are created by using operational amplifiers for example. Output ends of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 are connected to an oscillation circuit 30. The oscillation circuit 30 of the present embodiment comprises a comparator circuit 32 and a phase compensating circuit: 34. The comparator circuit 32 shapes the waveform of the output signals obtained from the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 and the phase compensating circuit 34 compensates a phase of an output signal obtained from the comparator circuit 32 and supplies it to the driving piece 16c. Thus, the vibrating member 14 vibrates stably. The output signals of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 are input also to a detecting circuit 36. The detecting circuit 36 comprises a differential circuit 38, a synchronous detector circuit 40, a smoothing circuit 42 and a DC amplifier 44. The output signals of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 are input respectively to the differential circuit 38 which outputs a difference of those output signals. The signal of this difference is detected by the synchronous detector circuit 40. That is, the synchronous detector circuit 40 detects the output signal from the differential circuit 38 in synchronism with the output signal of the comparator circuit 32. The signal detected by the synchronous detector circuit 40 is smoothed by the smoothing circuit 42 and is amplified by the DC amplifier 44. When this vibrating gyroscope 10 is used, the output signals of the detecting pieces 16a and 16b are fed back to the driving piece 16c. Thereby, the vibrating member 14 stably and flexurally vibrates in the direction crossing at right angles with the face on which the driving piece 16c is created. At this time, when the vibrating member 14 is not rotated, the signals output from the detecting pieces 16a and 16b are the same and the output signal obtained from the differential circuit 38 indicates zero. When the vibrating member 14 is rotated centering on its axis in this state, the direction of the flexural vibration of the vibrating element 14 changes due to the Coriolis force. Thereby, a difference is brought about between the output voltages of the detecting pieces 16a and 16b and between the output signals of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 as well. The differential circuit 38 finds the difference of the output signals and the synchronous detector circuit 40 synchronously detects the output signal of the differential circuit 38. Because the signal thus synchronously detected corresponds to the rotational angular velocity, the rotational angular velocity applied to the vibrating gyroscope 10 may be detected by measuring the signal. In the vibrating gyroscope 10, the output signals are simplified because the vibrating member 14 is driven by one driving piece 16c and the detection is made by two detecting pieces 16a and 16b. Further, because the output signal from the differential circuit 38 is synchronously detected in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit 32, the signal representing the rotational angular velocity may be clearly separated from a drift. As a result, harmonic components which may cause the drift may be eliminated and an accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity may be improved by the relatively simple circuit as described above. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention. In a vibrating gyroscope 60 of this embodiment, non-inverting amplifier circuits 46 and 48 are used instead of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The same effect with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 may be obtained also with this embodiment. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating still another embodiment of the present invention. In a vibrating gyroscope 70 of this embodiment, buffer circuits 50 and 52 are used instead of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In this vibrating gyroscope 70, an impedance obtained respectively from two detecting pieces 16a and 16b is converted into a very small impedance by the buffer circuits 50 and 52. The comparator circuit 32 shapes the waveform of the output signals obtained from the buffer circuits 50 and 52 and the phase compensating circuit 34 adjusts a phase of an output signal obtained from the comparator circuit 32. An output signal obtained from the phase compensating circuit 34 is fed back to the driving piece 16c to stably vibrate the vibrating member 14. The differential circuit 38 finds a difference of the output signals from the buffer circuits 50 and 52 and the synchronous detector circuit 40 synchronously detects the signal of the difference in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit 32. The same effect as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 may also be obtained in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5. Further, because the impedance of the output signals is converted by the buffer circuits 50 and 52, changes of the impedance of the vibrator 12 less affect the output signals. As a result, the accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity of the vibrating gyroscope 70 may be improved. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a different embodiment of the present invention. In a vibrating gyroscope 80 of this embodiment, phase circuits 54 and 56 are used instead of the inverting amplifier circuits 24 and 26 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Phases of output signals obtained from two detecting pieces 16a and 16b are adjusted by the phase circuits 54 and 56. The comparator circuit 32 amplifies and shapes the output signals adjusted by the phase circuits 54 and 56 and the phase compensating circuit 34 adjusts a phase of an output signal obtained from the comparator circuit 32. An output signal obtained from the phase compensating circuit 34 is fed back to the driving piece 16c to stably vibrate the vibrating member 14. The differential circuit 38 finds a difference of the output signals from the detecting pieces 16a and 16b and the synchronous detector circuit 40 synchronously detects the signal of the difference in synchronism with the signal from the comparator circuit 32. The same effect as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 may also be obtained in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6. Further, the signal representing the rotational angular velocity may be clearly separated from a drift by adjusting the phases of the output signals by the phase circuits 54 and 56. As a result, harmonic components may be removed and the accuracy for detecting the rotational angular velocity may be improved by the relatively simple circuit. It is noted that although the piezoelectric elements have been used as the driving piece 16c and the detecting pieces 16a and 16b in the embodiments described above, electrodes are used as the driving piece 16c and the detecting pieces 16a and 16b when the vibrating member 14 is made from a piezoelectric member. In this case, electrodes 16a and 16b as detecting pieces and an electrode 16c as a driving piece are formed on the sides of the vibrating member 14. Then, a rotational angular velocity may be detected in the same manner with the aforementioned embodiments by polarizing the vibrating member 14 in the direction crossing at right angles with the face on which the electrode 16c is created. The use of such a vibrator also enables the provision of a vibrating gyroscope having less drift by driving the vibrating member 14 with a driving signal having a constant voltage and by detecting output currents of the electrodes 16a and 16b. The shape of the vibrating member 14 is not limited only to the equilateral triangle- columnar shape but may be other shapes such as prismatic or cylindrical shape. While preferred embodiments have been described, variations thereto will occur to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present inventive concepts which are delineated by the following claims.

Claims: A vibrating gyroscope, comprising: a vibrating member (14); a plurality of detecting pieces (16a, 16b), provided on said vibrating member (14), for obtaining output signals corresponding to a rotational angular velocity; one driving piece (16c), provided on a side of said vibrating member (14), for vibrating said vibrating member (14); a plurality of amplifying circuits (24, 26; 46, 48), a plurality of buffer circuits (50, 52), or a plurality of phase circuits (54, 56) for processing the output signals obtained from said detecting pieces (16a, 16b) and for generating a plurality of detection signals; an oscillator circuit (30) responsive to said plurality of amplifying circuits (24, 26; 46, 48), said plurality of buffer circuits (50, 52), or said plurality of phase circuits (54, 56) for feeding a signal to said driving piece (16c) to provide a driving signal, said oscillator circuit (30) including a comparator circuit (32) for shaping the waveforms of the detection signals obtained from said plurality of amplifying circuits (24, 26; 46, 48), said plurality of buffer circuits (50, 52), or said plurality of phase circuits (54, 56) and a phase compensating circuit (34) for adjusting a phase of an output signal obtained from said comparator circuit (32) and feeding the output signal back to said driving piece (16c) as said driving signal; a differential circuit (38) for sensing any difference of the detection signals obtained from said plurality of amplifying circuits (24, 26; 46, 48), said plurality of buffer circuits (50, 52), or said plurality of phase circuits (54, 56); and a synchronous detector circuit (40) for detecting an output signal from said differential circuit (38) in synchronism with said output signal obtained from said comparator circuit (32). A vibrating gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of amplifying circuits (24, 26; 46, 48), connected respectively with said plurality of detecting pieces (16a, 16b), amplify the output signals obtained from said detecting pieces (16a, 16b); and wherein said differential circuit (38) senses any difference of the output signals obtained from said plurality of amplifying circuits (24, 26; 46, 48). A vibrating gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of buffer circuits (50, 52), connected respectively to said plurality of detecting pieces (16a, 16b), convert impedances of the output signals obtained from said detecting pieces (16a, 16b); and wherein said differential circuit (38) senses any difference of the output signals obtained from said plurality of buffer circuits (50, 52). A vibrating gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of phase circuits (54, 56), connected respectively to said plurality of detecting pieces (16a, 16b), adjust a phase of the output signals obtained from said detecting pieces (16a, 16b); and wherein said differential circuit (38) senses any difference of the output signals obtained from said plurality of detecting pieces (16a, 16b).

Inventors: OKAGUCHI KENJIRO, OKAGUCHI, KENJIRO, Okaguchi, Kenjiro, c/o Murata Manufac. Co., Ltd.
Applicants: MURATA MANUFACTURING CO, MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: G01C19
IPC codes: G01P9, G01C19