Broadband omnidirectional microwave antenna

Abstract: An omnidirectional microwave antenna comprises a conical reflector and a conical feed horn. The conical reflector has a reflecting surface defined by a cone having an axis and a surface of revolution around the axis. The line of intersection between the surface of revolution and a plane passing through the axis and the surface of revolution is a segment of a parabolic curve. The reflector includes a flange extending outward from an outermost circumference of the surface of revolution of the cone. The conical feed horn feeds microwave energy to the conical reflector from a location along the axis of the cone. The feed horn has an aperture whose center is located approximately at the apex of the cone. The flange has absorptive material mounted thereto for absorbing microwave energy impinging thereon.

Description: The invention relates to an omnidirectional microwave antenna as indicated in the precharacterizing part of claim 1. There are a number of new microwave distribution systems under development using frequencies above 10000 MHz. Inter-satellite communications use the 28000 MHz frequency range. Multi-channel or interactive television would use the 27500-29500 MHz frequency range, while some wireless cable operators are opting for the 12 GHz CARS band. This activity has prompted a strong interest in base station antennas (similar to the broadcast television antennas). The antennas need to operate over a fairly wide bandwidth with a moderate to high power input. The azimuth coverage requirement, in most cases, is omnidirectional. The polarization may be either horizontal or vertical. Omnidirectional antennas are traditionally arrays of basic radiating elements such as slots or dipoles. However the requirement for broad band operation is not compatible with linear array technology. The problem is further complicated by the relatively high power requirements (up to 2 Kw) at these high frequencies. A prior art antenna as indicated in the precharacterizing part of claim 1 is disclosed in DE 18 01 706 having a hollow cylindrical surface made of a plastic material for supporting the conical reflector at the feed horn. The cylindrical surface is located around and symmetrical to the axis of the conical reflector and does not effect or attenuate the radiation as reflected by the conical reflector in the horizontal direction. GB 2 155 245 A discloses a similar antenna system having a substantially cylindrical wall of a radiowave absorbent material to obstruct and reduce unwanted radiation directly from the feed horn into a far-field pattern. Said cylindrical wall is located around the vertical axis of the reflector cone and, therefore, extends also in the vertical direction. It is the object of the invention to improve the prior art omnidirectional antenna such that the amount of radiation toward and into the upper hemisphere is reduced so as to avoid interference with satellite communications. This object is solved by the invention as claimed in claim 1. In compliance with the invention the flange with absorptive material extends outward from an outer most circumference of the conical reflector and is oriented generally perpendicular to the axis of the conical reflector in order to most effectively intercept radiation bypassing the reflector and headed toward the upper hemisphere therefore the flange intercepts radiation bypassing the reflector without interfering with the microwave energy reflected horizontally from the conical reflecting surface. The improved omnidirectional antenna is a reflector-type antenna capable of operating over a wide frequency band, at relatively high power levels, and at high frequencies. Specifically such an antenna capable of operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, including the Z.5 to 29.5 GHz band, and at power levels as high as 2 Kw. The omnidirectional antenna can transmit and receive signals having either horizontal or vertical polarization. The antenna permits field-adjustable beam tilt by simply moving the feed along the axis of the antenna, produces a pattern shape that remains stable as the frequency changes, and facilitates the achievement of a shaped elevation beam, which is stable with frequency, and requires only a slight change in the reflector shape. The sole Fig. shows the vertical cross-section of an antenna embodying the invention: While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawing and will be described in detail herein. Turning now to the drawing a large conical feed horn 10 feeds microwave energy to a conical reflector 11. The feed horn 10 has a circular transverse cross section, and is dimensioned to radiate energy in either the TM 01 mode or the TE 01 mode. The hom is located on the vertical axis 12 of the conical reflector 11 and radiates microwave energy upwardly so that it illuminates the conical reflecting surface and is reflected horizontally therefrom in an omnidirectional pattern (extending 360 degrees around the axis of the reflector). (The term "feed" as used herein, although having an apparent implication of use in a transmitting mode, will be understood to encompass use in a receiving mode as well, as is conventional in the art.) The conical reflecting surface 11 defines a surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment A-B of a parabolic curve P around an axis Z which (1) is perpendicular to the axis X of the parabolic curve P, and (2) passes through the focal point F of the parabolic curve P. The axis of the feed horn 10 is coincident with the axis Z of the conical reflecting surface 11, and the electciral apex of the feed horn is approximately coincident with the focal point F of the parabolic curve P. The segment A-B of the parabolic curve P that defines the reflecting surface 11 is the segment between (1) the point A at which the feed horn axis Z intersects the parabolic curve P, and (2) the point B at which the outer edge of the reflecting surface 11 intersects a straight line L containing the sides 13 of the feed horn 10. The axis X extends through the vertex and the focal point of the parabolic curve P. As is well known, any microwaves originating at the focal point of such a parabolic surface will be reflected by the parabolic surface in planar wavefronts perpendicular to the axis, i.e., in the horizontal direction in the FIG. With the geometry described above, the conical reflecting, surface 11 serves as both a 90° omnidirectional reflector and a phase corrector for the diverging spherical wave radiated by the feed horn 10. The spherical wave propagates vertically from the feed horn 10 and is reflected off the surface 11 as a planar wave propagating in a horizontal direction. This planar wave is propagated omnidirectionally, i.e., the pattern that extends completely around (360°) the axis Z. At any given azimuthal location, the parabolic shape of the reflecting surface 11 provides the desired phase correction. The height H of the parabolic segment A-B determines the directivity of the antenna in the "elevation" plane. The mode of the radiation from the feed horn 10 determines the polarization of the antenna's omnidirectional pattern. Specifically, if the horn 10 radiates TM 01 -mode energy, the polarization is vertical; and if the horn radiates TE 01 -mode energy, the polarization is horizontal. Thus, by merely changing the feed horn to launch signals in either the TM 01 mode or the TE 01 mode, the same antenna may be used to transmit or receive either polarization. The omnidirectional antenna includes several features to aid in suppressing the amount of radiation toward and into the upper hemisphere, thereby preventing interference with inter-satellite communications. More specifically, the conical feed horn 10 has a surface of revolution defined by a straight segment F-C of the straight line L rotated around the axis Z of the feed horn 10. In the FIG., the straight line L extends approximately from the focal point F of the parabolic curve to the point B on the parabolic curve P. The center of the aperture at the top end of the feed horn 10 is located approximately at the apex point A of the conical reflector 11 so that the sides 13 of the feed horn 10 terminate at a horizontal plane passing through the apex point A of the conical reflector 11. In other words, the point C of the segment F-C is in the same horizontal plane as the apex point A of the conical reflector 11. With the foregoing design, the feed horn 10 minimizes radiation in the horizontal direction from the large feed horn aperture which would interfere with and modify the horizontal planar wavefronts generated by the conical reflector 11. Therefore, the greatly reduced horizontal radiation from the feed horn aperture results in significantly improved radiation patterns from the conical reflector 11. Also, since the sides 13 extend from approximately the focal point F of the parabolic curve to the horizontal plane containing the apex point A of the reflector 11, the aperture of the feed horn 10 is relatively large. This large feed horn aperture serves to confine the radiation from the feed horn 10 to a smaller dispersion angle so that less radiation bypasses the conical reflector 11. This, in turn, greatly reduces the amount of radiation toward and into the upper hemisphere. To further reduce the amount of radiation toward and into the upper hemisphere, the base of the reflector 11 is enlarged to include a flange 14 having RF absorptive material 15 mounted to the lower surface thereof. The absorptive material absorbs any radiation impinging on it. The flange 14 intercepts a significant portion of the radiation that bypasses the reflector 11 and would, if not intercepted, travel into the upper hemisphere. The absorptive material prevents the radiation intercepted by the flange 14 from being reflected and redirected downward into the lower hemisphere, where the reflected radiation would interfere with the service area the antenna is intended to serve.

Claims: An omnidirectional microwave antenna comprising a conical reflector (11) having a reflecting surface defined by a cone having an axis (Z) and a surface of revolution around said axis, the line of intersection between said surface of revolution and a plane passing though said axis (Z) and said surface of revolution is a segment (A-B) of a parabolic curve (P), and a conical feed horn (10) located along said axis (Z) of said cone and having an aperture therein, the center of said aperture of said feed horn being located approximately at the apex (A), of said cone, characterized in that said reflector (11) includes a flange (14) extending outward from an outermost circumference of said surface of revolution of said cone, said flange (14) being generally perpendicular to said axis (Z) of said cone and has absorptive material (15) mounted thereto for absorbing radiation emitted from said feed horn (10) and bypassing said reflector (11). The antenna of claim 1 wherein the electrical apex of said feed horn (10) is positioned approximately at the focal point (F) of said parabolic curve (P), and the axis (X) of said feed horn (10) is perpendicular to the axis (Z) of said parabolic curve (P). The antenna of claim 1 wherein said segment (A-B) of said parabolic curve (P) is the segment between the axis (Z) of said feed horn (10) and a point (B) on an outermost edge of said reflecting surface. The antenna of claim 1 wherein said axis (Z) of said cone is substantially vertical. The antenna of claim 1 wherein said feed horn (10) is conical in shape and has a surface of revolution defined by a straight segment (F-C) rotated around the axis (Z) of said feed hom (10). The antenna of claim 5 wherein said straight segment (F-C), is located along a straight line (L) extending approximately from the focal point (F) of said parabolic curve (P) to an outermost point (B) of said surface of revolution of said cone. The antenna of claim 6 wherein said straight segment (F-C) extends approximately from the focal point (F) of said parabolic curve (P) to the plane of said aperture of said feed horn (10), the plane of said aperture of said feed hom passing through the apex (A) of said cone.

Inventors: DIENES GEZA, DIENES, GEZA
Applicants: ANDREW CORP, ANDREW A.G.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: H01Q19
IPC codes: H01Q19, H01Q17