Anti-blooming composition, and laurin fat and chocolate containing the same

Abstract: An anti-blooming composition comprises (A) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and (B) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, the weight ratio A/B being 30/70 or larger. A laurin fat and laurin fat chocolate containing the above anti-blooming composition is also described.

Description: The present invention relates to an anti-blooming composition, particularly that suitable for preventing fat blooming of laurin fats, and a laurin fat and chocolate containing the same. In general, the quality of chocolate is greatly influenced by raw materials and various production conditions and, in particular, sufficient care should be taken not to form fat blooming which stains the surface of a product to off-white during its storage, resulting in loss of commercial value of the product. A laurin fat,the main constituent fatty acid of which is lauric acid having 12 carbon atoms, has been known to be a raw material fat for the production of chocolate which does not require a tempering operation and, in addition to the production of bar chocolate, it has been used for the production of chocolate for coating cakes, doughnuts, biscuits and similar foods by blending other suitable oils and fats. However, a problem of fat blooming is still present. Heretofore, various studies have been made to prevent or control fat blooming of chocolate using laurin fats (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "laurin fat chocolate"). Such studies indude improvement of production processes for chocolate, modification of fats to be used and addition of surfactants as anti-blooming agents. As examples of addition of surfactants, JP-A 61-67444 discloses addition of a sorbitan saturated fatty acid ester together with a glycerin saturated fatty acid ester to a fat ingredient of chocolate. JP-A 64-39945 and JP-A 2-35042 disclose addition of certain sugar fatty acid esters. These conventional methods give certain improvements in the production of bar chocolate. However, for the production of covering chocolate, they are still insufficient. In addition, there is another problem that the use of sorbitan saturated fatty add esters and sugar fatty add esters debases the flavor of chocolate. Document US-A-4588604 discloses a process for obtaining a temperable confectionery fat from Palm oil. The main object of the present invention is to prevent or control fat blooming in the production of laurin fat chocolate which is used for coating without debasement of flavor. This object as well as other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to a person skilled in the art from the following description. According to the present invention, there is provided the use of a composition which comprises (A) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and (B) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, the weight ratio A/B being 30/70 or higher, as an anti-blooming composition. The present invention also provide a laurin fat and laurin fat chocolate containing the anti-blooming composition of the present invention. The present inventors have contemplated preventing fat blooming of chocolate by depositing fine crystals of a fat ingredient in chocolate and improving the affinity thereof for other raw materials and have made a study of various surfactants including fatty acid monoglycerides which have not been fully investigated heretofore in the prior art. As a result it has been surprisingly found that certain monoglycerides having specific fatty acid residues can effectively prevent fat blooming of laurin fat chocolate even when used for coating purposes. Specifically, the anti-blooming composition of the present invention comprises (A) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and (B) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, the weight ratio A/B being 30/70 or larger. The constituent fatty acids of both monoglycerides (A) and (B) should have 16 and 18 carbon atoms, respectively. When the constituent fatty acids of the monoglycerides are other than these, the anti-blooming effect becomes weak. The fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. When the weight ratio A/B is smaller than 30/70, anti-blooming effect is scarcely expected. On the other hand, when the weight ratio A/B increased, the anti-blooming effect tends to increase up to the weight ratio of 80/20. In the anti-blooming composition of the present invention, if necessary, other surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters can be added in a suitable amount. The anti-blooming composition can be produced, for example, by admixing the monoglycerides in the above weight ratio in a conventional manner together with other surfactants if necessary. The anti-blooming composition can be used for the production of laurin fat chocolate by adding it in any suitable production steps. For example, it can be added to raw fat material or chocolate during a conching step to give chocolate having improved anti-blooming property. In particular, a laurin fat containing the anti-blooming composition of the present invention can be used for a raw material fat for the production of chocolate having improved anti-blooming property. Thus, the laurin fat of the present invention is characterized by containing the monoglyceride (A) and the monoglyceride (B) in the above weight ratio in a total amount of (A) + (B) of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 % by weight based on the laurin fat. The laurin fat of the present invention can be produced by admixing a laurin fat such as palm kernel oil, coconut oil or babassu oil and the anti-blooming composition of the present invention or the above-described monoglycerides in the above weight ratio, separately, according to a known method. The chocolate of the present invention is characterized by using a laurin fat containing the monoglyceride (A) and the monoglyceride (B) in the above weight ratio in a total amount of (A) +(B) of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 2.5% by weight based on the fat ingredient of the chocolate. When the amount of the monoglycerides is less than 0.5% by weight based on the fat ingredient of the chocolate, the desired anti-blooming effect is not expected and, on the other hand, when the amount exceeds 2.5% by weight, any further improvement of anti-blooming effect is not expected. The monoglycerides can be added in the form of the anti-blooming composition of the present invention, the laurin fat of the present invention or the above-described monoglycerides in the above weight ratio, separately. The other ingredients of the chocolate of the present invention are not limited and any conventional ingredient can be employed. The production steps for chocolate are not limited to specific ones and any conventional steps such as rolling, refining and conching can be employed. Thus, the chocolate of the present invention may be, for example, milk chocolate, black chocolate or white chocolate and they may be solid chocolate, center chocolate, coating or covering chocolate. The following Examples and Comparative Examples further illustrate the present invention in detail but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the present invention. All the "percents" in the Examples and Comparative Examples are by weight unless otherwise stated. Example 1 An anti-blooming composition comprising monoglycerin palmitate (palmitic acid: 16 carbon atoms) (A) and monoglycerin stearate (stearic acid: 18 carbon atoms) (B) in the weight ratio A/B of 50/50 was added to chocolate having the basic formulation as shown in Table 1 in an amount of 2.0% and chocolate was produced according to a conventional method As the laurin hard butter of the basic formulation, a fractionated palm kernel oil was used. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy with a rotary pan and the resulting product was subjected to a storage test. Ingredient % Cocoa powder 9.0 Skimmed milk powder 12.0 Laurin hard butter 34.0 Powdered sugar 45.0 Lecithin 0.5 Vanillin 0.02 Example 2 An anti-blooming composition similar to that of Example 1 (A/B=60/40) was added to the basic formulation of Table 1 in an amount of 2.0% and, according to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy with a rotary pan and the resulting product was subjected to a storage test. Example 3 An anti-blooming composition similar to that of Example 1 (A/B=40/60) was added to the basic formulation of Table 1 in an amount of 2.5% and, according to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy with a rotary pan and the resulting product was subjected to a storage test. Example 4 An anti-blooming composition similar to that of Example 1 (A/B=50/50) was added to the basic formulation of Table 1 in an amount of 2.5% and, according to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced. This chocolate was cast in a mold and, after standing at 5°C for 30 minutes, the mold was released and the product was aged at 20°C for 1 week and was subjected to a storage test. Example 5 An anti-blooming composition similar to that of Example 1 (A/B=50/50) was added to the basic formulation of Table 1 in an amount of 1.5% and, according to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced. This chocolate was coated on almonds with a rotary pan and the resulting product was subjected to a storage test. Comparative Example 1 According to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced except that a fatty acid monoglyceride the constituent fatty acid of which had 12 carbon atoms was added in an amount of 2.0% instead of the anti-blooming agent. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy and the product was subjected to a storage test. Comparative Example 2 According to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced except that a fatty acid monoglyceride the constituent fatty acid of which had 18 carbon atoms was added in an amount of 2.0% instead of the anti-blooming agent. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy and the product was subjected to a storage test. Comparative Example 3 According to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced except that an anti-blooming composition similar to that of Example 1 (A/B=20/80) was added in an amount of 2.5% instead of the anti-blooming agent. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy and the product was subjected to a storage test. Comparative Example 4 According to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced except that an anti-blooming composition similar to that of Example 1 (A/B=20/80) was added in an amount of 2.5% instead of the anti-blooming agent. This chocolate was cast in a mold and, after standing at 5°C for 30 minutes, the mold was released and the product was aged at 20°C for 1 week and was subjected to a storage test. Comparative Example 5 According to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced except that a fatty acid monoglyceride the constituent fatty acid of which had 12 carbon atoms was added in an amount of 2.5% instead of the anti-blooming agent. This chocolate was cast in a mold and, after standing at 5°C for 30 minutes, the mold was released and the product was aged at 20°C for 1 week and was subjected to a storage test. Comparative Example 6 According to the same method as described in Example 1, chocolate was produced except that no surfactant was added. This chocolate was coated on crunch candy and the product was subjected to a storage test. Results The results are shown in Table 2. Days required for formation of fat blooming Surfactant added 15°C 20°C C 12 A/B Total(%) Example 1 74 132 - 50/50 2.0 Example 2 70 137 - 60/40 2.5 Example 3 65 120 - 40/60 2.5 Example 5 68 128 - 50/50 1.5 Comp. Example 1 55 96 2.0 - 2.0 Comp. Example 2 40 89 - 0/100 2.0 Comp. Example 3 51 96 - 20/80 2.5 Comp. Example 6 52 93 - - - Example 4 192 149 - 50/50 2.5 Comp. Example 4 153 111 - 20/80 2.5 Comp. Example 5 161 123 2.5 - 2.5 As seen from Table 2, in the coating test, when the weight ratio A/B is less than 20/80, an anti-blooming effect is scarcely expected (Comparative Examples 1-3), while the products of Examples 1-3 show excellent anti-blooming effect. In the casting test, likewise, Example 4 showed a superior effect to Comparative Example 4. As seen from the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 5, when the number of carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acid of the monoglyceride is 12, an anti-blooming effect is scarcely expected. In addition, the addition of monoglycerides of the present invention does not debase the flavor of chocolate. As described hereinabove, according to the present invention it is possible to provide an anti-blooming composition which does not debase flavor and to obtain laurin fat chocolate having improved anti-blooming property.

Claims: Use of a composition which comprises (A) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and (B) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, the weight ratio A/B being 30/70 or larger, as an anti-blooming composition. Use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio A/B is 30/70 to 80/20. A laurin fat which contains (A) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and (B) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, the weight ratio A/B being 30/70 or larger, the total amount of A + B being at least 0.5% by weight of the laurin fat. A laurin fat as claimed in claim 3 wherein the total amount of A + B is 1.5 to 2.5% by weight. Chocolate comprising a laurin fat containing (A) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms and (B) a fatty acid monoglyceride composed from a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, the weight ratio A/B being 30/70 or larger, the total amount of A + B being at least 0.5% by weight of the fat ingredient of chocolate. Chocolate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the total amount of A + B is 1.5 to 2.5% by weight based on the fat ingredient of chocolate. A food when coated with a chocolate as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6.

Inventors: HAYASHI MIHO, HOKUYO KOSUKE, IZUMI TSUGIO, YAMAGUCHI SHUICHI, HAYASHI, MIHO, HOKUYO, KOSUKE, IZUMI, TSUGIO, YAMAGUCHI, SHUICHI
Applicants: FUJI OIL CO LTD, FUJI OIL COMPANY, LIMITED
Application year: 1995
Main classification: A23G1
IPC codes: A23G1, A23D9, C11B5, C08K5