System and method for language information processing for providing knowledge of language requested by the user

Abstract: Disclosed is a language information processing system in which, when a document preparation aid command including the kind of document to be prepared is input thereto, a knowledge base having knowledge for document preparation is searched in accordance with the input command to determine a document preparation rule corresponding to the document to be prepared, the document preparation rule determined being converted to a form that can be understood by the user before it is output, thereby assisting the user in the preparation of a document or the learning of a language.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a system for and a method of information processing for providing information necessary for document preparation, language learning, etc. Description of the Related Art There exist conventional systems capable of giving the user rough information in a specific field, such as document preparation. For example, for the preparation of a report, there exists a system which presents the principal entries of the report to be prepared, thereby informing the user of the outline of the report. For the preparation of a letter, there exists a system which enables the user to select the sections of the letter, such as the introduction, main body and closing statement, successively from a menu or the like in the order of the contents of the letter. Of the above-mentioned conventional document preparation systems, the system for preparing a report presents entries but does not supply the user with the kind of contents to be written under each of the entries. In the case of the preparation of a letter, the above system, which supplies the contents of each entry in the form of a selected paragraph, assists the user in the preparation of a letter by executing the preparation of the letter itself but is incapable of assisting the user in learning the procedures for preparing letters. Further, it has been impossible for the above system to modify these paragraphs in conformity with particular needs, nor has it been capable of constructing a context. EP-A-0361366 discloses a language information processing system and method in which a document preparation knowledge base is searched in response to a document preparation aid command being input, and a rule corresponding to the command is prepared. The rule is limited to one which has its condition input by a user. US-5282265 discloses a system including a linguistic knowledge base for inputting and outputting information in a natural language. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a system which designates step by step the kind of contents to be written under each entry so that the user may be caused to actually prepare a document perfectly in conformity with his or her own requirements, thereby causing the user to learn how to prepare a document while instructing the user in document preparation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a system which presents to the user a knowledge of language in accordance with situation. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a language information processing system, as claimed in claim 1. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a language information processing method, as claimed in claim 5. According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a storage medium storing processor-implementable instructions, as claimed in claim 9. Other objectives and advantages besides those discussed above shall be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which follows. In the description, reference is made to accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, and which illustrate an example of the invention. Such example, however, is not exhaustive of the various embodiments of the invention, and therefore reference is made to the claims which follow the description for determining the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware construction of a document processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional construction of the document processing apparatus; Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an initial menu screen of a system for instructing letter preparation procedures; Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the layout of a business letter; Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a sample of business letter; Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a selection screen; Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a rule for layout; Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a rule for salutation; Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a menu for introduction; Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a rule for introduction; Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a rule for introduction in the case of a known receiver; Fig. 12 is a diagram showing preparation procedures; Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a rule for the main body; Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of rule display; Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a rule for closing statement; Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example of rules for technical report preparation; and Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of rules for preparing manuals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware construction of a document processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is equipped with an input section 1, a CPU 2, an output section 3, a program memory 4, a data memory 5, and a bus 6. In the drawing, the input section 1 is a unit for inputting information and consists, for example, of a keyboard for inputting characters, selection commands, etc. through manipulation of keys. However, the unit is not restricted to that; it may also consist of a mouse for indicating positions on display, a voice input device including a voice recognition system, an image input device including a character recognition system, a receiving device for receiving information from other apparatus, etc. It is also possible to provide two or more of the above-mentioned devices for selective use. Further, the input information may be one generated through some other processing performed in this apparatus. The CPU 2 executes computation for various processings, logical judgment, etc., and controls the various components connected to the bus 6. The output section 3 consists of a display device, such as a CRT or a liquid crystal display. It may also be a voice output device for outputting information that has undergone voice synthesis, a printer for outputting in print, a transmission device for transmitting information to other apparatus, etc. It is possible to provide two or more of these devices for selective use. Further, the output information may be used as input information for some other processing performed in this apparatus. The program memory 4 is a memory for storing programs for control by the CPU 2, including processing procedures to be described below with reference to a flowchart. The program memory 4 may consist of a ROM or a RAM into which programs are loaded from external storage devices or the like. The data memory 5 stores data generated through various processings. Further, it stores the knowledge of a knowledge base described below. The data memory 5 consists, for example, of a RAM. The knowledge of the knowledge base is loaded from a non-volatile external storage medium prior to the processing or is referred to each time it is required. The bus 6 is used for the transfer of an address signal for designating a component to be used as the object of control of the CPU 1, a control signal for controlling each component, and data to be mutually exchanged between the components. Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the basic construction of a document processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the drawing, the kind of document about which the user wishes to learn the writing method and a command for the learning are input from the input section 1. A text preparing section 21 refers to a knowledge base 22 on the basis of the kind of document input from the input section 1, and prepares information on the contents of the document to be prepared and the preparation procedures thereof. The knowledge base 22 has information on the contents and the preparation procedures in connection with the kind of document. An output generating section 23 converts the information prepared by the text preparing section 21 into a predetermined writing form that can be understood by the user, for example, a natural language. The information generated by the output generating section 23 is output to the output section 3 and made available for the user. In the above-described apparatus, the user can see each of the rules for document preparation provided in the apparatus. Further, this apparatus is not intended for the actual preparation of documents but for the training of the user in the rules required when the user himself is to prepare a document. Further, upon request from the user, this apparatus outputs a sample text regarding each of the rules. For example, when a command for instructing how to write a letter is issued, the system obtains various parameters through interaction with the user and refers to the knowledge base to thereby teach the outline of a letter to the user. After this, when the user asks for detailed information, for example, information as to how to write the introduction of a letter when the user has changed his or her occupation after the last communication with the receiver of the letter, the rule that the change of occupation should be stated clearly is given. Further, when, for example, the user is writing a letter to a person in the United States whom he is going to visit, and wishes to know whether he may write about or make an inquiry as to the propriety of his taking some small present when calling on that person, the system, which serves as a source of the knowledge of an expert in letter writing, provides the requisite cultural and social background knowledge in connection with such matters, and gives an explanation of such knowledge. In this way, the system is capable of instructing the user not only in the writing of a particular letter that he or she is actually writing, but also in letter writing in general. The above-described output can be made more specific in response to questions from the user. For example, in the preparation of a letter, an answer to a question regarding propriety/impropriety of style is output. To be able to answer such questions, the knowledge base 22 is further equipped with knowledge for coping with such situations. The text preparing section 21 selects appropriate knowledge therefrom, and outputs it to the output generating section 23. This knowledge may be in the form of a rule or of a descriptive nature. In the following, the system will be described with reference to a specific example. Fig. 3 shows an initial menu screen in a system for instructing the user in the procedures for preparing a letter. The user selects one of the entries (a) through (f) in the drawing. In this way, the user selects from roughly classified categories regarding information on the theme he or she wishes to obtain. In particular, the entry (a) provides an outline of "how to write business letters", and supplies a brief explanation of the entire system for the beginner. Here, it will be assumed that the entry (b), "Layout/format of business letters", is selected. When the entry (b) is selected in Fig. 3, the screen as shown in Fig. 4 is displayed. Fig. 4 is a chart showing the layout of a business letter. Displaying such a layout enables the user to learn what to write, and in what order and where, as the contents of a letter. As shown at the bottom of the screen of Fig. 4, a message is displayed to the effect that when blocks A through G are selected, details on the corresponding sections A through G will be given, and that when block Z is selected, a sample corresponding to the letter of Fig. 4 will be displayed, thus prompting the user to a next input operation. Fig. 5 shows a sample of business letter displayed when block Z (sample) is selected in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5, a letter is displayed in which the dates, address, etc. are given in the form of specific examples. Further, assuming, for example, that block C (salutation) is selected, the selection screen of Fig. 6 is displayed. Here, the user selects 1 when the receiver is a known person and 2 when the receiver is unknown. Fig. 7 shows an example of layout rules. Here, when, in the selection screen of Fig. 6, the user selects 1 (which corresponds to the case in which the receiver is known), Rule 4 of Fig. 7 applies. Thus, on the basis of the rule of Fig. 7, a salutation rule as shown in Fig. 8 is prepared and displayed. When 2 (which corresponds to the case in which the receiver is unknown) is selected in Fig. 6, a rule in a similar form is displayed. In this way, due to a display in the form of rules, the user can learn what to write in such and such cases. After this display, the user can return to the layout of Fig. 4 to select another section or return to the initial menu of Fig. 3. Next, a case in which block D (introduction) is selected from the layout of Fig. 4 will be described. In this case, the menu of Fig. 9 is displayed. Fig. 9 is presented on the assumption that any letter can be classified according to its natures as follows: 1 (first time letter), 2 (reminder letter), 3 (reply letter), and 4 (thank you letter). When the user selects category 1 (first letter), Fig. 6 is displayed if the selection in Fig. 4 as to whether the receiver is known or unknown has not been made yet. When the selection has already been made, rules regarding introduction are displayed. Fig. 10 shows general rules regarding the introduction. Assuming that the letter is a "first time letter" and that the receiver is a known person, the rules as shown in Fig. 11 are displayed as corresponding rules regarding the introduction. Also, in the case in which selection is made from the other categories 2 ∼ 4, rules in a form similar to that of Fig. 11 are displayed on the basis of the rules of Fig. 10. However, in the case of the categories 2 ∼ 4, the receiver is a known person, so that the selection in Fig. 4 is omitted. After this, the user may return to the layout of Fig. 4 or select another section, or return to the initial menu of Fig. 3. Next, a case in which block E (main body) is selected will be described. In this case, the principal points and constructions regarding what to state in the main body are displayed as procedures in the order of statement. Fig. 13 shows rules on which the display of Fig. 12 is based. In Fig. 12, the user selects a point on which he or she requires further explanation or of which he or she desires a specific example. For example, when the user needs more information regarding the point of "State any preconditions of the main plan", pertinent rules are extracted from the rules of Fig. 13, and displayed in the way as shown, for example, in Fig. 14. When some other point is selected, an explanation or example is similarly output to the user. Fig. 15 shows rules regarding the "closing statement". Further, Fig. 16 shows rules for preparing technical reports, and Fig. 17 shows rules for preparing manuals. While the above embodiment has been described with reference to a system in which knowledge regarding document preparation is provided in a knowledge base to assist the user in the preparation of a document, it is also possible to form a system which aids the user in the learning of a language as follows: in a system having knowledge on general common sense in a knowledge base, a command or the like for requesting knowledge regarding a language is input, and information regarding the situation related to the input of the command, for example, information as to whether the user who has input the command is a native speaker of that language or a beginner who has only started learning it or as to for what purpose the information is to be used, is determined by referring to the general common knowledge in the knowledge base, and, on the basis of the situation thus determined and the input command, the knowledge related to language in the knowledge base is searched, and the knowledge obtained as a result of the search is output to the user. As described above, in accordance with this embodiment, it is possible to assist the user in the preparation of a document, the learning of a language, etc. In particular, the user can learn the document preparing procedures while actually preparing a document. Further, various rules are presented in such a way as to enable the user to select from them, thereby making it possible for the system to serve as a guide in selecting the elements to be incorporated in the document. Further, regarding rules for text preparation, it is possible to present a text sample in conformity with the requirement of the user, which facilitates the understanding for the user learning document preparing procedures. Further, the texts to be output to the user are stored as templates, so that the load of generating natural language with respect to those portions can be omitted. The present invention, described above, is applicable not only to a system composed of a plurality of computers but also to a particular computer in the system. Further, the present invention is applicable to a case to be achieved through the execution of a program by this computer. This program may be supplied from an external storage medium, and the storage medium storing this program is also within the scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, many apparently widely different embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention which is as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A language information processing system comprising: input means (1) for inputting from a user a document preparation aid command including the kind of document to be prepared; a knowledge base (22) having knowledge for document preparation including document preparation rules; determining means (21, 22) for searching said knowledge base in accordance with the command input by said input means to determine a document preparation rule to be presented to the user; and display means (3) for displaying the document preparation rule determined by said determining means, characterised in that : said determining means is arranged to determine a plurality of document preparation rules, said preparation rules including different conditions not selected by the user and instructions to the user for how subject matter is to be described in the document for the respective conditions, and said display means is arranged to display the plurality of document preparation rules in such a manner that the different conditions are displayed in correspondence with the respective instructions to the user. A language information processing system according to claim 1, wherein said display means is arranged to display the instructions to the user with respective examples. A language information processing system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said input means comprises: menu display means for displaying a plurality of candidates as a menu (Figs. 3, 4); and selection means for selecting one candidate from said menu display means. A language information processing system according to claim 3, wherein said menu display means is arranged to display elements of a document as the candidates in accordance with a layout of the document. A language information processing method comprising: an input step for inputting from a user a document preparation aid command including the kind of document to be prepared; a determining step for searching a knowledge base (22) having knowledge for document preparation including document preparation rules in accordance with the command input by said input means to determine a document preparation rule to be presented to the user; and a display step for displaying the document preparation rule determined in said determining step, characterised in that : a plurality of document preparation rules, said preparation rules including different conditions not selected by the user and instructions to the user for how subject matter is to be described in the document for the respective conditions, are determined in said determining step, and the plurality of document preparation rules are displayed in said display step in such a manner that the different conditions are displayed in correspondence with the respective instructions to the user. A language information processing method according to claim 5, wherein the instructions to the user are displayed with respective examples in said display step. A language information processing method according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein said input step comprises: a menu display step for displaying a plurality of candidates as a menu (Figs. 3, 4); and a selection step for selecting one candidate from said menu. A language information processing method according to claim 7, wherein in said menu display step, elements of a document are displayed as the candidates in accordance with a layout of the document. A storage medium storing processor-implementable instructions for controlling a processor to carry out the method of any one of claims 5 to 8.

Inventors: JEYACHANDRAN SURESH, SUDA ARUNA ROHRA, JEYACHANDRAN, SURESH, SUDA, ARUNA ROHRA
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1995
Main classification: G06F17
IPC codes: G06F17