CUTTING DEVICE

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cutting device including a movable and a fixed cutting means (1 and 2, respectively) for comminution of refuse (A1), preferably paper refuse, whereby the movable cutting means (1) is rotatable relative to the fixed cutting means (2), whereby the cutting means (1, 2) cut or comminute refuse (A1) passing therebetween when the movable cutting means (1) rotates relative to the fixed cutting means (2), whereby the movable cutting means (1) has teeth (15) and the fixed cutting means (2) recesses (16) corresponding with said teeth (15) and whereby the teeth (15) of said movable cutting means (1) are brought into engagement in the recesses (16) of said fixed cutting means (2) so that comminution or cutting occurs continuously during rotation of said movable cutting means (1). Since the fixed cutting means (2) and/or the movable cutting means (1) can be set and then locked relative to each other, it is possible to alter and then, during comminution or cutting of the refuse (A1), maintain the altered tear angle (RV) which the front side (15a) of the teeth (15) of the movable cutting means (1), said front side (15a) facing the fixed cutting means (2), defines with a front side (20a) of said fixed cutting means (2) facing said movable cutting means (1) when the respective tooth (15) is in a position wherein, seen from the side, the outermost portion (15b) of the front side (15a) of the tooth (15) is located in a plane (P) in which the front side (20a) of the fixed cutting means (2) is situated.

Description: Cutting device. The present invention relates to a cutting device in¬ cluding a movable and a fixed cutting means for comminution of refuse, preferably paper refuse, whereby the movable cutting means is rotatable relative to the fixed cutting ' means, whereby the cutting means cut or comminute refuse passing therebetween when the movable cutting means rota¬ tes relative to the fixed cutting means, whereby the mova¬ ble cutting means has teeth and the fixed cutting means recesses corresponding with said teeth and whereby the teeth of said movable cutting means are brought into en¬ gagement in the recesses of said fixed cutting means so that comminution or cutting occurs continously during ro¬ tation of said movable cutting means. Such a cutting device has been known for a long time in a number of various embodiments. Thus, the cutting device according to e.g. US-A-4 690 337 comprises movable cutting means (rolls 3) and during normal operation fixed cutting means (wall sections 20) which cooperate with each other as defined above. The fixed cutting means 20 in US-A-4 690 337 however, are journalled on shafts 22 so that said cut¬ ting means 20 are retracted (by means of hydraulic cylin¬ ders 23) into an inoperative position when the pressure or load thereon from the refuse to be comminuted exceeds a predetermined value or limit. "Fixed" cutting means in the literal sense of the word are not provided, but rather a kind of resilient suspension thereof. In the cutting device according to the invention how¬ ever, the fixed cutting means and/or the movable cutting means can be set and then locked relative to each other for altering and then, during comminution or cutting of the refuse, maintaining the altered tear angle which the front side of the teeth of the movable cutting means, said front side facing the fixed cutting means, defines with a front side of said fixed cutting means facing said movable cutting means when the respective tooth is in a position wherein, seen from the side, the outermost portion of the front side of the tooth is located in a plane in which the front side of the fixed cutting means is situated. In US-A-4 690 337 nothing is mentioned about such an adjustable tear angle which is set by displacement of the fixed and/or movable cutting means, wherafter the cut¬ ting means which has/have been displaced, is/are locked in the new position(s) . If there is a change of the tear angle during retraction of the cutting means 20 into in- operative position, nothing is stated thereabout and it seems to be of no importance. Furthermore, one change of the tear angle is not permanent, but is once again chan¬ ged when the pressure or load from the ref se ceases. The resilient mounting of the cutting means 20 in the prior art device of US-A-4 690 337 also indicates that the device is not intended for preferably paper refuse as the cutting device according to the present invention, since the optimum tear angle for comminution or cutting of paper of various qualities is no longer present if the cutting means 20 are displaced. Another indication of that the prior art cutting device is not adapted preferably for paper refuse is the small number of teeth 30 on the movable cutting means 3. A cross section through the rolls 3 at a portion with a tooth 30 shows that along the en- tire periphery or envelope surface of each roll there is at each portion only one tooth, and, seen in the longitu¬ dinal direction of the rolls 3, the teeth 30 are displa¬ ced relative to each other so that they run only one turn around each roll. This means that at each point of time only one tooth 30 on each roll 3 engages each wall sec¬ tion 20 and the teeth 21 thereon. The play or clearance becomes too large for efficient comminution or cutting of paper, packages and similar. In summary, it can thus be established that the prior art cutting device according to US-A-4 690 337 is not in¬ tended for and therefore, not constructed for comminution of preferably paper refuse. Consequently, it also lacks the characterizing features of the present invention with, primarily, a tear angle which is adjustable by means of displaceable or settable cutting means and which can be maintained during the entire operation by locking the cut- ting means. According to the invention it is possible, by means of the cutting device, to comminute waste products with a cer¬ tain consistency at one occation and comminute other waste products with a totally different consistency at another occation, e.g. in one case soft paper and the other case harder cardboard. Comminution or cutting occurs quickly and effectively irrespective of the consistency. Adjust¬ ment of the tear angle also permits quick and effective drawing-in of the waste or refuse products into the cutting device. The abovementioned and other characterizing features of the invention will oe further described below with re¬ ference to the accompanying drawings, wherein fig. 1 schematically illustrates the basic structure and main components of the cutting device according to the invention; fig. 2 is a perspective view of the cutting means of the cutting device; fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed view of fig. 1; and fig. 4 is another enlarged side view of the fixed cutting means of the cutting device. The cutting device according to the present invention, which preferably is transportable and thereby applicable wherever necessary, consists basically of a movable cut- ting means 1 and a fixed cuttinσ means 2 for comminuting refuse Al, preferably paper re ,_e, which through a feed hopper 3 defining an input is fed down to said cutting means 1, 2. The movable cutting means 1 is rotatable rela¬ tive to the fixed cutting means 2 and is thereby, through a conduit 4, powered by a motor 5. The cutting means 1, 2 comminute or cut refuse passing therebetween when the mova¬ ble cutting means 1 rotates relative to the fixed cutting means 2. Comminuted or cut refuse A2 falls through a dis¬ charge hopper 6 down into a collecting container, bag or similar for further transport for recycling, destruction or burning. The cutting device further comprises an exhausting device 8 for exhausting or sucking out dust resulting from the comminution of the waste Al. The cutting device accor¬ ding to the invention has hereby also environmental advan¬ tages, particularly to the personell working at and adja- cent to the cutting device. The exhausting device 8 inclu¬ des a pump 9 which generates the required negative pres¬ sure for sucking out the resulting dust. The exhausting device 8 also comprises a preferably square or quadran¬ gular frame 11 provided with a suction opening 12 and con- nected with the pump 9 through a suction conduit 10. The frame 11 preferably also has a square cross section with an internal suction passage 13 extending around the input defined by the feed hopper 3 and above the cutting means 1, 2 and with the suction opening in the form of a suc- tion slit 12. Since the suction slit 12 preferably is loca¬ ted at the lower portion of the suction passage 13 closest to the cutting means 1, 2, in the junction between the lower side 11a of the frame 11 and the inwardly directed side surface or inner side lib thereof (see fig. 4) , the sucking-out or exhaustion of the dust resulting from the comminution of the refuse Al is very effective. For optimum function of the cutting device according to the invention regarding the amount of refuse Al for comminution said cutting device can receive per time unit, ' it is of course also important that the relative positions of the cutting means 1, 2 are the best in relation to the flow of refuse fed towards the cutting means. A fine way to obtain this at the present embodiment is to locate the fixed cutting means 2 on the exhausting device 8 mounted above the cutting means 1, 2 and extending around the feed hopper 3 defining the input for the refuse. The fixed cut¬ ting means 2 is hereby attached to the exhausting device 8 at the lower side 11a of the frame 11 and so that said fixed cutting means 2 is directed obliquely downwards to¬ wards the axis of rotation of the movable cutting means 1 or substantially towards said axis. The movable cutting means 1 has, as is shown in fig. 2, teeth 15 and the fixed cutting means 2 recesses 16 corre¬ sponding with said teeth. The teeth 15 are brought into en¬ gagement in the recesses 16 so that comminution or cutting occurs continuously during rotation of the movable cutting means 1, i.e. that the teeth preferably are arranged in one or more screw or helical lines on the envelope surface of a drum 19 which is suspended beneath the feed hopper 3 in bearings 14 and which through a driving wheel 17 and a driving belt 18 is rotatably driven about the axis of ro- tation RA by the motor 5, so that when teeth 15 leave the recesses 16 at one end of the fixed cutting means, other teeth engage the recesses at the opposite end of the fixed cutting means 2. The cutting means 1, 2 thus operate as a type of lawn mower. The teeth of the movable cutting means 1 preferably consist of triangular, suitably planar plates which are transverse to the direction of rotation R of the movable cutting means. The teeth 15 are preferably provided in a line two and two together (see fig. 2) and fixedly or re- leasably mounted on the drum 19. The fixed cutting means 2 consists of a toothed, preferably planar plate 20 with recesses 16 for the teeth 15. The fixed cutting means 2 and/or the movable cutting means 1 can be set and thereafter locked relative to each other in order to alter and then, during comminution or cutting of the refuse Al, maintain the altered tear angle RV which the front side 15a of the teeth 15 of the movable cutting means 1, said front side facing the fixed cutting means 2, defines with a front side 20a of said fixed cut- ting means 2 facing said movable cutting means 1 when the respective tooth 15 is in a position wherein, seed from the side, the outermost portion of the front side of the tooth, i.e. in the embodiment shown the point 15b between said front side 15a and the edge or tip 15c of said tooth substantially perpendicular to said front side, is loca¬ ted in a plane P in which the front side 20a of the fixed cutting means is located (see fig. 3) . The possibility to alter the tear angle RV enables optimum setting of the cutting device according to the invention in relation to the refuse Al, preferably paper refuse such as paper, pasteboard, cardboard, corrugated cardboard etc., but also e.g. frigolite, to be comminuted or cut in said cutting device. The tear angle RV is for these types of refuse settable between 0° and 30°, preferably between 0° and 15°. For resetting the tear angle RV, the fixed cutting means 2 is in the embodiment shown pivotally mounted about a pivot axis V which is parallel with the axis of rotation RA of the movable cutting means 1 or drum 19. For reset¬ ting the tear angle RV and adaptation of the cutting de¬ vice to the coarseness of the refuse material, the fixed cutting means 2 is preferably pivotally as well as dis- placeably mounted relative to the movable cutting means 1. The fixed cutting means 2 is thereby, by means of one or more bolt or screw joints 21 (see fig. 4) releasably attached to a mounting member 22 which in turn is adjus¬ tably attached to a bracket 23. The bracket 23 is attached to or mounted on the lower side 11a of the frame 11 of the exhausting device 8, e.g. welded thereto. In the embodi¬ ment according to fig. 4, the bracket 23 has three straight and parallel in the direction of displacement of the fixed cutting means 2 extending long-holes 24 and the mounting member 22 a round hole 25 as well as two curved long-holes 26 on opposite sides of the hole 25. Members 22 and 23 are connected to each other through bolt or screw joints ex¬ tending through the holes 24, 25, 26 so that a bolt or screw joint 27 runs through respectively one of the outer long-holes 24 in the bracket and one opposed curved long- -hole 26 in the mounting member 22, while a third bolt or screw joint 28 runs through the intermediate long-hole 24 in the bracket 23 and the hole 25 in the mounting member 22. The curved long-holes 26 in the mounting member 22, are shaped so that said member 22 can pivot relative to the bracket 23, i.e. that said long-holes 26 are curved with their ends directed towards each other so that they define preferably arc-shaped or arcuate sections around the hole 25 with the centre of the arc or circle in the hole 25 and with the bolt or screw joint 28 extending therethrough as pivot axis V for the mounting member 22 and thereby for the complete fixed cutting means 2. When pivoting the mounting member 22 relative to the bracket 23 and thereby, the fixed cutting means 2 rela¬ tive to the movable cutting means 1, the bolt or screw joints 27, 28 are loosened so much that pivoting may occur about the bolt or screw bolt 28 and guidance during pivo¬ ting is permitted by cooperation between the curved long- -holes 26 and the bolt or screw joints 27 therethrough. If displacement is to be carried through between the cut¬ ting means 1, 2, the bolt or screw joints 27, 28 are loose- ned and the mounting member 22 and thereby, the bolt or screw joints, are moved in the longitudinal direction of the long-holes 24 in the bracket 23. After each resetting, all bolt or screw joints 27, 28 are once again tightened. It is obvious to a skilled person that the present invention can be modified and altered within the scope of the subsequent claims without departing from the idea and purpose of the invention. Beyond what has been described above and illustrated in the drawings, the components forming part of the cutting device may vary in shape, num- ber and location. The exhausting device 8 may e.g. be designed and placed in other ways than as shown in the drawings and described above. Also, the teeth 15 on the movable cutting means 1 may vary in shape and number and be located in other ways than as shown and described and this is true also for the fixed cutting means 2 and the recesses 16 therein fitting the teeth. The fixed cutting means 2 is preferably also designed so that the tear angle RV between the cutting means 1, 2 can exceed 30° if neces¬ sary. Within the scope of the invention is also that the fixed cutting means 2 is fixedly mounted relative to the movable cutting means 1, e.g. fixedly mounted on e.g. the frame 11 of the exhausting device 8. In such an embodi¬ ment, the movable cutting means 1 is of course also jour- nalled or mounted so that it can be set for adjustment of the tear angle RV. The choice of motor 5 and pump 9 is done in view of what is required or with regard to the desired capacity of the cutting device according to the invention.

Claims: Claims: 1. Cutting device including a movable and a fixed cutting means (1 and 2 respectively) for comminution of refuse (Al) , preferably paper refuse, whereby the movable cutting means (1) is rotatable relative to the fixed cut- ting means (2) , whereby the cutting means (1, 2) cut or comminute refuse (Al) passing therebetween when the movable cutting means (1) rotates relative to the fixed cutting means (2), whereby the movable cutting means (1) has teeth (15) and the fixed cutting means (2) recesses (16) corre- sponding with said teeth and whereby the teeth (15) of said movable cutting means (1) are brought into engage¬ ment in the recesses (16) of said fixed cutting means (2) so that comminution or cutting occurs continuously during rotation of said movable cutting means (1), c h a r a c - t e r i z e d i n that the fixed cutting means (2) and/ /or the movable cutting means (1) can be set and then locked relative to each other for altering and then, du¬ ring comminution or cutting of the refuse (Al) , maintai¬ ning the altered tear angle (RV) which the front side (15a) of the teeth (15) of the movable cutting means (1), said front side (15a) facing the fixed cutting means (2) , de¬ fines with a front side (20a) of said fixed cutting means (2) facing said movable cutting means (1) when the respec¬ tive tooth (15) is in a position wherein, seen from the side, the outermost portion (15b) of the front side (15a) of the tooth (15) is located in a plane (P) in which the front side (20a) of the fixed cutting means (2) is situated. 2. Cutting device according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d i n that the tear angle (RV) is 0°-30°, preferably 0°-15°. 3. Cutting device according to claim 1 or 2, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d i n that the fixed cutting means (2), for resetting the tear angle (RV) , is pivotally moun¬ ted about a pivot axis (V) which is parallel with the axis of rotation (RA) of the movable cutting means (1) . 4. Cutting device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the fixed cutting means (2), for resetting the tear angle (RV) , is pivotally as well as displaceably mounted relative to the movable cutting means (1) . 5. Cutting device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the fixed cutting means (2) is releasably attached to a mounting member (22) which in turn is settably or adjustably attached to a bracket (23) . 6. Cutting device according to claim 5, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d i n that the bracket (23) has straight long-holes (24) and the mounting member (22) one round hole (25) and two curved long-holes (26) , whereby said members (22, 23) are attached to each other through bolt or screw joints (27, 28) which extend through the holes (24, 25, 26) and whereby the curved long-holes (26) are designed so that the mounting member (22) can pivot rela¬ tive to the bracket (23). 7. Cutting device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the fixed cutting means (2) is directed obliquely downwards towards the axis of rotation (RA) of the movable cutting means (1) or essen¬ tially towards said axis. 8. Cutting device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that there is an exhaus¬ ting device (8) for exhausting or sucking-out dust resul¬ ting from the comminution or cutting of the refuse (Al) . 9. Cutting device according to claim 8, c h a r a c - e r i z e d i n that the exhausting device (8) has a suction opening (12) which extends around an input (3) for the refuse (Al) to the cutting means (1, 2) . 10. Cutting device according to claim 9, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d i n that the exhausting device (8) has a suction passage (13) which extends around the input (3) and which includes a suction opening in the form of a suc¬ tion slit (12) which preferably is located at the lower portion of the suction passage (13) closest to the cutting means (1, 2) . 11. Cutting device according to any of claims 8 - 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the fixed cutting means (2) is located on the exhausting device (8), pre¬ ferably at a lower side (11a) thereof. 12. Cutting device according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the teeth (15) of the movable cutting means (1) are made up of triangular, preferably planar plates which are transverse to the direc¬ tion of rotation (R) , that the teeth (15) preferably are provided in line two and two with each other, that the fixed cutting means (2) is made up of a toothed, prefer¬ ably planar plate (20) with recesses (16) for the teeth (15) and that said teeth (15) are fixedly or releasably mounted on a rotatable drum (19) .

Inventors: OHLSON ARNE, OHLSON, ARNE
Applicants: OHLSON ARNE, OHLSON, ARNE
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B02C18
IPC codes: B02C18