Method and apparatus for cutting a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate

Abstract: This invention pertains to a unique method and apparatus (100) for cutting an intermediate article of manufacture, the intermediate article of manufacture being a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate (10A) . More specifically, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for cutting a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate, the laminate (10A) , when cut to length, becoming a carcass (10) for a pneumatic tire. The apparatus (100) of the present invention can cut a cord reinforced ply (20) at angles creating large substantially flat planar splice surfaces without significant deformation or precuring of the unvulcanized elastomeric material. The cut surfaces can be cut at angles greater than 60° relative to a normal plane (NP) perpendicular to the ply and parallel to the cords, preferably being cut at angles of about 80°. This can be done precisely and quickly. The cutting means (102) provides improvements to these splice surfaces.

Description: Background of the Invention This invention pertains to a unique method and apparatus 100 for cutting an intermediate article of manufacture, the intermediate article of manufacture being a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate structure 10A. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for cutting an unvulcanized cord reinforced elastomeric laminate 10A, the cut-to-length laminate being a carcass 10 which is formed into a cylindrical shape at a tire building station and is a subassembly of a radial ply pneumatic tire. The invention describes a method for cutting a carcass for a radial ply passenger tire, but it is equally applicable to light truck, medium truck, agricultural, off-the-road and other radial ply tire carcass constructions. The manufacturing technologies employed to build a tire involve assembling the many tire components from flat strips or sheets of elastomeric material. Each component is placed on a building drum and cut to length such that the ends of the component meet or overlap creating a splice. Many methods and apparatus for cutting elastomeric materials are known in the art. These prior art cutting methods and apparatus included cutting wheels, ultrasonic cutters, scissor type cutters and guillotine knives. A significant disadvantage in these prior art methods was the inability to cut the ply without cutting or damaging the cords. Another major disadvantage was the inherent difficulty experienced when trying to cut the cord reinforced component at an angle other than perpendicular to the ply's length. For this reason, when building a laminate tire carcass, the tire builder generally would use butt or lap splices. The preferred prior art method uses circumferentially spaced lap splices. LU-A- 41755 discloses a method of cutting a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate having the features described in the preamble of claim 1. In EP-A- 701,887 an apparatus capable of performing the steps recited in the preamble of claim 6 is also disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention can cut a cord reinforced laminate at angles heretofore believed unachievable without significant deformation or precuring of the unvulcanized elastomeric material. This can be done precisely and quickly. The cutting means provides improvements to these splice surfaces. The splice quality of the cut elastomeric materials is greatly enhanced vastly improving the adhesion of the components during subsequent tire building and vulcanization processes. Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention a method and apparatus for cutting a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate is provided as recited in claims 1 and 6. The dependent claims recite preferred ways of practicing the invention. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates one half of the laminate shown in cross section as taken along lines 1-1 of Figure 2A, the laminate being a carcass for a pneumatic tire. Figure 2A is a partial plan view of the carcasses inner surface with components attached. Figure 2B is a partial plan view of the carcasses outer surface with components attached, both views Figure 2A and 2B being slightly inclined to depict the cut ends 12 and 14. Figures 3A,3B,3C and 3D are enlarged transverse views of the carcass being cut by the cutting element. Figures 4A and 4B are perspective views of the carcass being cylindrically formed on a building drum depicting both cut ends, Fig. 4A showing a portion of the cut ends 12,14 prior to being spliced. Figure 5 is an illustration of the preferred apparatus employed to form and assemble the carcass. Figure 6 is a front view of the preferred cutting apparatus, made in accordance to the invention. Fig. 6A is a top view of the apparatus of Fig. 6. Fig. 6B is an end view with the cutting means oriented at an angle β. Fig. 6C is an end view with the cutting means oriented at an angle . Figure 7 is an enlarged view cutting means of the apparatus shown in Figure 6. Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view partially shown in cross section, of the securing means or collets shown in Figures 6 and 7. Definitions "Apex" means an elastomeric filler located radially above the bead core and between the plies and the turnup ply. "Bead" means that part of the tire comprising an annular tensile member wrapped by ply cords and shaped, with or without other reinforcement elements such as flippers, chippers, apexes, toe guards and chafers, to fit the design rim. "Belt structure" means at least two annular layers or plies of parallel cords, woven or unwoven, underlying the tread, unanchored to the bead, and having both left and right cord angles in the range from 17° to 27° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire. "Carcass" means an unvulcanized laminate of tire ply material and other tire components cut to length suitable for splicing, or already spliced, into a cylindrical or toroidal shape. Additional components may be added to the carcass prior to its being vulcanized to create the molded tire. "Chafers" refers to narrow strips of material placed around the outside of the bead to protect cord plies from the rim, distribute flexing above the rim, and to assist in sealing the tire. "Cord" means one of the reinforcement strands of which the plies in the tire are comprised. "Innerliner" means the layer or layers of elastomer or other material that form the inside surface of a tubeless tire and that contain the inflating fluid within the tire. "Ply" means a continuous layer of rubber-coated parallel cords. "Radial" and "radially" mean directions radially toward or away from the axis of rotation of the tire. "Radial ply tire" means a belted or circumferentially-restricted pneumatic tire in which the ply cords which extend from bead to bead are laid at cord angles between 65° and 90° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire. "Shoulder" means the upper portion of sidewall just below the tread edge. "Shoulder gum strip" means an elastomeric reinforcement located in the shoulder region of the carcass. "Sidewall" means that portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. "Tread" means a rubber component which when bonded to a tire carcass includes that portion of the tire that come into contact with the road when the tire is normally inflated and under normal load. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Figs. 1, 2A,2B and 3A,3B,3C and 3D there is illustrated an intermediate article of manufacture 10, the intermediate article of manufacture 10 being a cut-to-length laminate, the cut-to-length laminate being a carcass 10 for a radial ply pneumatic tire. Fig. 1 illustrates the intermediate article of manufacture 10, the article as shown is one-half of a tire carcass 10, the portion of the carcass not illustrated being identical to the illustrated portion. The figure shows the carcass 10 as a flat laminate composite structure having first and second longitudinal ends 12,14 and comprising many elastomeric components. As shown all the components are either sheets or strips of material of substantially the same length. Each component shown is precisely located laterally relative to one another. The carcass material 10A, when manufactured as shown in Fig. 5, can be made into a continuous roll 210. The carcass material 10A can then be, in its preassembled state, stored in large rolls 210 which when sent to a tire building station is cut to a precise length (L) by the unique cutting apparatus 100 of the present invention. The cut-to-length carcass 10 as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B is then formed into a cylindrical shape as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B. Fig. 1 depicts a cord reinforced elastomeric member 20, the elastomeric member being a ply for a pneumatic tire, the ply 20 being reinforced with parallel cords 22 which are encapsulated in unvulcanized rubber 24. As shown in Fig. 2B, the ply 20 has a width (W p ) and a length (L). The ply 20 has a pair of turnup portions 26 located at the lateral extremes of the ply 20. Each turnup portion 26 extends axially outwardly to a lateral end 29 of the ply 20. Attached to an outer surface 21 of the ply 20 is a pair of apexes 30. The apexes 30 are located on the ply adjacent to the turnup region 26 at a position to wrap about and primarily above a bead at a later tire building assembly procedure. The bead preferably employed is a cable bead type. Axially inward of the apex 30 and attached to an inner surface 23 of the ply is a pair of shoulder gum strips 40. The shoulder gum strips act as a rubber reinforcement in the shoulder portion 27 of the carcass 10. A liner component 50 is attached to the ply and over the shoulder gum strips 40. The liner 50 creates an air impervious barrier for the radially inner air chamber of the tubeless type tire. The liners are generally comprised of halobutyl rubber. The liner 50 has an axial width narrower than the ply 20. The liner width is sufficient to traverse axially outward of the beads when the tire is formed thus forming an air tight chamber between the tire and the wheel upon assembly. A chafer component 60 is shown at each lateral end 51, 52 of the liner 50. The chafer is attached to the liner 50, to the inner surface 23 of the ply 20, and slightly overlaps the sidewall component 70. The chafer 60 is positioned axially to provide a tough rubber reinforcement between the tire and the rim flange of the wheel and is accordingly located in the bead region of the tire. A sidewall component 70 is shown attached to the ply and extends laterally outward of the lateral ends 29 of the ply 20. The sidewall 70 is slightly overlapped by the chafer 60. Optionally, to build an outline white letter tire or a whitewall tire, a whitewall strip 80 and a cover strip 90 may be added to the carcass material 10A as shown in Fig. 5. It is believed preferable in cases where a non cable bead is used in the tire construction that the apex 30 be added at a later stage as is shown in Fig. 5. This enables the carcass material 10A to be wound into large rolls 210 without any distortion of the calendered components. Alternatively, in cases where an apex 30 and cable bead is used it is believed preferable to couple the carcass assembly apparatus 200 of Fig. 5 to one or more tire building machines without requiring the carcass material 10A to be rolled onto the spool 210. This enables the cut-to-length carcass 10 to be manufactured free of any potential distortions caused by handling and storage. In the latter case where an apex 30 is employed, the cutting of the article should occur between the forming of the carcass material 10A and applying the cut-to-length carcass 10 to the tire building machine. The above description of the carcass material 10A includes all the elastomeric components required to build a tubeless tire carcass 10 as it is defined in this patent application. The terms laminate 10A or carcass material 10A as used throughout this application refer to the assembly of components prior to being cut to a predetermined length. Once cut to length, the term carcass 10 is used to refer to the article which when formed into a cylindrical shape on a tire building drum 5 becomes a carcass for a radial ply tire. In practicing the invention, a supported laminate 10A is cut forming a first inclined surface or end 12, moved a predetermined distance in a direction parallel to its length and after being so moved, the laminate 10A is cut a second time, thereby forming a cut section of laminate, hereinafter called a carcass 10, having surface areas at the sections opposite ends 12,14, the surface areas 12,14 being spaced a predetermined distance required to enable the ends 12,14 to be spliced together in forming a cylindrical carcass 10 from the cut section. This unique cutting of a laminate 10A is described in detail below. Figs. 2A and 2B depict the first end 12 and the second end 14 respectively of the carcass 10. Both ends 12 and 14 are cut along an axial or a lateral extending substantially straight line path, the path being substantially parallel to the cords 22 of the ply 24. This substantially straight line cutting creates a first end or surface area 12 and a second end or surface area 14. The surface areas 12 and 14 are inclined at an angle Θ greater than 60° relative to a normal plane (NP), the normal plane (NP) being perpendicular to the ply 20 and substantially parallel to the cords 22 of the ply 20. In the preferred embodiment the angle Θ is about 80°. This high angle of inclination provides a large surface area of adhesion between the two ends 12,14 which are spliced at the tire building drum 5 as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B. The carcass assembly 10 is shown wrapped about a tire building drum 5. The carcass ends 12 and 14 have two inclined substantially flat planar surfaces lying in planes P. The operator splices the ends 12 and 14 together along the plane P. As shown in Fig. 4A the preferred method of cutting creates ribs or ridges 81 and grooves or valleys 82 along the cut surfaces 12 and 14. The substantially parallel ridges 81 and valleys 82 further enhance the surface adhesion. With reference to Figs. 3A,3B there is shown an enlarged transverse view of the carcass material 10A being cut by a cutting element 120, the cutting element as shown being an oscillating wire 120. The oscillating wire 120 cuts a roll of carcass material 10A into cut-to-length carcasses 10. Fig. 6 shows a front view of the preferred cutting apparatus 100 according to the invention. The preferred apparatus 100 includes cutting means 102 which includes a cutting element 120. The cutting element 120 is preferably a wire made of high tensile steel and has a first end 140 and a second end 160. The wire 120 is preferably round in the cross section and has a diameter between .2 millimeters and 1.3 millimeters. The preferred wire of this embodiment has a diameter of .3 millimeter (.012 inches) and a smooth surface finish. The first and second ends 140,160 of the wire 120 are secured within securing means. The preferred securing means of this embodiment are collets 220,240. With reference to Fig. 8, an enlarged view of collet 220 is illustrated. The following description of collet 220 also applies to collet 240. The collet 220 includes the first inner cylindrical housing 280 having an outer threaded surface 320. The collet 220 also includes a second outer cylindrical housing or thumb nut 380 having an inner threaded surface 400 for engaging the threads on the outer surface 320 of the first housing 280. The thumb nut 380 can be rotated relative to the first housing 280 to secure and tension the second end 160 of the wire 120 within a collet body 410. Preferably the wire 120 is placed in tension when in normal operation. With reference to Fig. 3B the wire 120 is shown in an inclined position, i.e., the wire makes an angle Θ with respect to a plane (NP), plane (NP) being perpendicular to the cord reinforced elastomeric ply 20 and parallel to the cords 22 within that material. The angle Θ preferably is greater than 60° although the preferred angle is greater than 70°, essentially about 80°. Some experimental tires were made having a laminate carcass 20 cut an angle  of 82°. As shown in Figs. 3B,3C and 3D the cut ends adjacent the cord 22 actually bend the wire cutter 120 such that a small fraction of the cut end does not lay in the plane P, the cut ends 12 and 14 nevertheless are substantially entirely in plane P except for this small deviation at the cords 22. Accordingly for the invention the cuts are considered substantially linear. The laminate 10A is cut along a majority of its width and thickness while maintaining the cutting element 120 that engages the laminate 10A at an angle  as shown in Figs. 3B, 3C, and 3D. These cuts are best accomplished if the laminate 10A is supported by a surface, preferably being supported on both sides of the cutting element 120. As shown in Fig. 6C, the support means 900 is slotted to allow the cutting element to pass through the laminate 10A. If the cutting action has a high peak to peak amplitude, it may be desirable to clamp or hold the laminate to the support means 900. With continuing reference to the apparatus 100 as shown in Figs. 6,6A-6C, the arms 420 and 480 are oscillated for reciprocating movement of the wire 120 at a predetermined oscillation rate. In the preferred embodiment, the means 600 for creating reciprocating movement is an eccentric 602 which is affixed to a crank gear 652 which is connected to a second gear counter balance 650 attached to an output shaft 640 of a variable speed motor 680. The eccentric 602 is pivotally connected to the first arm 420 by a crank arm 620. The variable speed motor 680 can be adjusted, the shaft 640 rotated thereby, so that the oscillating rate can vary up to about 2,000 cycles per minute while having a full peak-to-peak amplitude up to 2.5 cm. Higher oscillating rates are achievable using lower amplitudes and higher amplitudes are achievable with generally lower oscillation rates. In the preferred embodiment, the oscillating rate is adjustable based on parameters such as the thickness and type of elastomeric member being cut and the transverse speed of the wire 120. One preferred combination is an oscillating rate of 1,200 cycles per minute and a transfer speed of about 1 centimeter per second. The cutting means 102 further comprises a slidable frame 520 and a means 700 for creating relative motion between the wire 120 and the elastomeric material to be cut by the cutting means 102. In the preferred embodiment, the means 700 comprises a ball screw 740 attached to pillow blocks 751, the ball screw 740 being driven by a variable speed motor 780 which powers a belt assembly 750 which is connected to the ball screw 740. The frame 520 is mounted on linear bearings 871 slidably supported on rods 870 which are fixed in shaft brackets 820, the brackets 820 being mounted on a stationary support 880 to provide low friction movement of the frame 520 relative to the stationary support. In operation, an elongated laminate 10A consisting of elastomeric components and a cord reinforced ply suitable for use as a tire carcass 10 is placed on a means 900 for supporting the laminate, the means 900 may be a substantially flat plate or table having a slot for the cutting element 120 to traverse, the slotted plate supporting the laminate 10A while it is being cut. The motor 680 is started causing the crank arm 620 to oscillate a "C" arm 450, the "C" arm 450 having a first arm 420 which is integrally part of or connected to a second arm 480 by a center link 540 causing the second arm to oscillate to provide for oscillation of the cutting wire 120. In practice, the "C" arm 450 can be structurally lightened by machining away or milling material away from the "C" arm 450, preferably while maintaining the arms 450 structural rigidity. For this purpose a plurality of holes or slots can be cut into the "C" arm 450. The motor 780 is then actuated for moving the frame 520 to the right as shown toward a position adjacent to motor 780 and to engagement with the elastomeric laminate 10. Alternatively, the "C" arm 450 can have a means for oscillating the wire 120 only, the means being a small high speed pneumatic cylinder which is attached directly to the wire. The means (not illustrated) can oscillate the wire 120 in a similar fashion as the above-described mechanism. As the oscillating wire 120 engages the elastomeric laminate or the carcass material 10A it forms a slit in the material. Then, as the wire advances through the carcass material 10A, the wire 120 displaces the material ahead of the slit in small increments so that the wire 120 can advance evenly. It is believed that cutting is facilitated by the adherence of a contact layer of the elastomeric material to the wire 120 which takes place until the limit of shear stress for contact layer is reached. As shown in Fig. 4A the cut splice surface may be striated by the process which provides a surface with parallel rib or ridges 81 and groove or valleys 82 smeared by the oscillating reciprocating wire 120. The preferred wire 120 has a smooth outer surface which is believed to enhance this rubber smearing action. The use of a grit or roughened surfaced wire 120 would also provide a proper angular cut surface, however, these cutting wires are more expensive and, therefore, are not preferred. The cut surface being smeared is found to be desirable for splicing cut ends 12,14 of the carcass 10. The orientation of the wire relative to the ply just prior to the wire 120 entering into cutting engagement of the ply 20 is changed. As shown in Fig. 3A, the wire 120 is reoriented to an angle β, β being less than the angle Θ, so that the wire 120 will reliably enter into the cord reinforced ply material in a repeatable fashion. Once entry into the ply 20 is made the oscillating cutting wire 120 is reoriented back to the angle Θ as shown in Fig. 3B and a complete cutting across the axial width of the member can be finished as shown in Fig. 3C. It has been observed that when cutting closely spaced cord reinforced material, the oscillating wire 120 should preferably be oriented at an angle β less than 45° relative to the plane (NP) just prior to the wire entering into the ply cord region, β more preferably being about 0° relative to the plane (NP). This ensures that the oscillating wire 120 does not impact or cut into a cord 22 upon entry, thereby preventing the oscillating wire cutting means from damaging the laminate. The apparatus 100 as described above, is capable of cutting rather thin cord reinforced elastomeric sheet material. A means 960 can be provided to set or fix the angular orientation of the cutting element 120. Additionally, the means 960 can be provided to change the orientation of the cutting element 120 as it cuts. The means 960 as shown is a actuating motor connected to the belt assembly 950. When actuated, the motor 960 can rotate the belt 950 from a first orientation to a second orientation and can reverse orientation upon reactivation. A proximity switch 970 is triggered as the cutting means traverses across the laminate 10A thus activating the motor 960. The oscillating wire cutter 120 can enter the laminate 10A oriented as shown in Fig. 3B at an angle Θ of 60° or more relative to a plane perpendicular to the ply 20 and parallel to its cords 22. Upon entry into the cord reinforced ply a short distance, the oscillating wire cutter traverses and can be actually guided through the cutting process by maintaining contact with an adjacent rubberized cord. The rubberized cord acts as a guide for the oscillating wire cutter as is shown in Fig. 3B. The apparatus 100 as described above, using a round oscillating wire cutter 120 guided by the cords 22 of the reinforced elastomeric laminate 10A upon which it is cutting, provides an extremely reliable and safe means for cutting the cord reinforced member 10 without damaging any of the cords 22. Secondarily and of equal if not greater importance the oscillating wire cutter 120 being oriented at the relatively high angle  over substantially the entire width of the laminate 10A enables the reinforced member to be cut at an angle heretofore believed to be unachievable. This large angular cut provides substantially flat planar surfaces 12,14 lying in the plane P for splicing a cylindrical carcass 10. These surfaces 12,14 provide excellent adhesion and have enabled the carcass components be laminated directly onto the cord reinforced ply stock 20 prior to cutting the structure 10A. This greatly facilitates the manufacture of a pneumatic tire carcass 10 and results in extremely high levels of efficiency. The oscillating action of the wire 120 tends to smear the rubber as it cuts the elastomeric material. Therefore, when cutting through a carcass 10 having a whitewall or outline white letter strip component 80 it is believed that the smearing must be kept to a minimum. Since this white material is axially outboard of the ply end 29, it is possible to simply guillotine cut that portion of the sidewall and then let the inclined wire 120 pass through the pre-cut slit prior to the wire 120 initiating its oscillating cutting of the remainder of the carcass material 10A. Alternatively, it is possible to limit the wire oscillation amplitude to a fraction of an inch to reduce the amount of smearing. This method is preferred because it enables the laminate to have the surfaces inclined almost entirely at the angle . In either case the cutting must be such as to prevent smearing of the white material along the splice lines 14,16. As can be seen from the above description the apparatus and method of cutting a cord reinforced elastomeric member as disclosed is extremely simple and reliable and yet provides for a splice joint that is superior to those known in the prior art. It is believed feasible that other than a wire cutting means 102 could be employed to cut the elastomeric article. For example, the cutting means 102 may employ an ultrasonic cutter, a water jet cutter, a laser cutter or any number of alternative cutting elements 120. While such alternative cutting means may be within the scope of the invention it must be remembered that the cutting action should not damage the reinforcement cords. Applicants have attempted several alternatives to the smooth cutting wire 120, however, these alternatives appear to be more complicated and more prone to damaging cords.

Claims: A method of cutting a cord reinforced elastomeric laminate (10A), the laminate having a length (L) and a width (W), and including at least one cord reinforced elastomeric ply (20), the ply having parallel cords (22) oriented at an angle from 65° to 90° relative to the length of the laminate (10A), and a plurality of elastomeric components laminated to the ply, the method of cutting the laminate comprising the steps of; cutting the laminate across a majority of its width and thickness at an angle Θ greater than 60° relative to a plane perpendicular to the ply and parallel to the cords (22) in the ply, the cutting being accomplished by passing a cutting element (120) through the ply and laminated components from one side of the laminate (10A) to the other side until the ply (20) and other laminated components are cut, the cutting element being passed between two adjacent parallel cords (22) of the ply (20) in the region of the ply, characterized by changing the orientation Θ prior to cutting the ply by changing the relative position of the cutting element (120) and the ply (20) to an angle β, β being measured relative to a plane (NP) perpendicular to the ply and parallel to the cords, β being less than Θ; cutting into the ply a short distance sufficient to position the cutting element (120) between two parallel cords (22); and reorienting the cutting element relative to the ply (20) to the angle Θ and continuing to cut the laminate (10A) across its width. The method of cutting a laminate, as claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle Θ is about 80°. The method of cutting a laminate as claimed in claim 2 comprising the step of guiding the cutting element (120) as it transverses through the cord reinforced elastomeric ply (20), the cutting element being guided by an adjacent cord (22) along the cutting path. The method of cutting a laminate as claimed in claim 1 comprising the step of oscillating the cutting element (120) as it cuts through the laminate (10A). The method of cutting a laminate as in claim 4, wherein the step of oscillating the cutting element (120) further includes the step of limiting the peak-to-peak oscillation amplitude to less than 25 mm. An apparatus (100) for cutting a laminate (10A), the laminate having a cord reinforced ply, the apparatus comprising: a means (102) for cutting the laminate across a majority of its width at an angle  of substantially greater than 60° relative to a plane (NP) perpendicular to the ply (20) and parallel to the ply cords (22), the means for cutting having a cutting element (120) for cutting the laminate and passing between to adjacent parallel cords (22) in the ply (20); a means (700) for moving the cutting element across the width of the laminate; and a means for orienting the cutting element angularly in planes parallel to the cords (22) characterized in that the means for orienting the cutting element (120) angularly in planes parallel to the cords includes a means (960) for changing the angular orientation of the cutting element as it cuts. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a means (900) for supporting the laminate. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprises a means (600) for creating reciprocating movement of the cutting element. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the cutting element (120) is a wire. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the wire is made of steel and has a diameter of about .3 mm (.012 inches). The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the cutting element is an ultrasonic cutter. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the cutting element is a water jet cutter. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the cutting element is a laser cutter.

Inventors: BENZING II JAMES ALFRED, DOWNING DANIEL RAY, GEHRETT LARRY JAMES, HEAD WILLIAM JAMES, WOLBERT HAROLD ALOYSIUS, BENZING II, JAMES ALFRED, DOWNING, DANIEL RAY, GEHRETT, LARRY JAMES, HEAD, WILLIAM JAMES, WOLBERT, HAROLD ALOYSIUS
Applicants: GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER, THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B29D30
IPC codes: B26D1, B29C70, B29D30, B29K21, B26D3