V-type two-cycle internal combustion engine

Abstract: The present relates to an internal combustion engine (54) of the two-cycle crankcase compression type comprising a cylinder block (12) with a pair of cylinder banks (67,68) arranged at an angle to each other and defining a V therebetween, at least one cylinder bore (13) defined in each of said cylinder banks (67,68), a crankcase chamber for accommodating a crankshaft (16), said crankcase chamber having a plurality of separated crankcase chamber sections (17) each associated with a respective cylinder bore (13), and a scavenge passage arrangement (25) for delivering an intake charge from the crankcase chamber to the respective cylinder bores (13). The internal combustion engine has been improved by a plurality of scavenging control passages (77) for communicating said crankcase chamber sections (17) with a scavenging manifold (76) extending along one side of the crankcase chamber, and scavenging control valves (78) each disposed in a respective one of said scavenging control passages (77) for controlling the communication of the crankcase chamber sections (17) with said scavenging manifold (76).

Description: This invention relates to an internal combustion engine of the two-stroke cycle crankcase compression type comprising a cylinder block with a pair of cylinder banks arranged at an angle to each other and defining a V therebetween, at least one cylinder bore defined in each of said cylinder banks, a crankcase chamber for accommodating a crankshaft, said crankcase chamber having a plurality of separated crankcase chamber sections each associated with a respective cylinder bore, and a scavenge passage arrangement for delivering an intake charge from the crankcase chamber to the respective cylinder bores. Such an internal combustion engine is known from document US-A-3 166 054. Further, there have been proposed arrangements wherein the amount of scavenging flow for a two-cycle engine having multiple cylinders can be controlled by utilizing a scavenge manifold which is communicated with the individual crankcase chambers of the engine associated with each cylinder through respective scavenge control passages. Scavenge control throttle valves are positioned in these scavenge control passages and are movable between a closed position, wherein normal scavenging of the engine is achieved and an open position wherein the amount of scavenging airflow is reduced. This reduces the likelihood of exhaust gases passing back into the crankcase chambers from the scavenge passages. Such an arrangement is described in detail in United States Letters Patent No. 5,251,584 issued October 12, 1993 to one of the assignees hereof. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view taken of one cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine constructed in accordance with that invention and is, in part, similar to Figure 4 thereof. As seen in this figure, a prior art engine identified generally by the reference numeral 11 includes a cylinder block 12 having a plurality of aligned cylinder bores 13, only one of which is shown. Pistons 14 reciprocate in the cylinder bores 13 and are connected by means of connecting rods 15 to a crankshaft 16. The crankshaft 16 is rotatably journaled within a crankcase chambers 17 formed by a skirt 18 of the cylinder block 12 and a crankcase member 19 that is affixed to the cylinder block skirt 18 in a known manner. As is typical with two-cycle crankcase compression engines, the crankcase chambers 17 associated with each of the cylinder bores 13 are sealed from each other. An atmospheric air inlet charge is delivered to the crankcase chamber 17 from an intake manifold shown partially and identified by the reference numeral 21. This intake manifold 21 serves intake ports 22 that cooperate with each of the crankcase chambers 17 for admitting a charge thereto. A reed-type check valve 23 is positioned in each intake port 22 so as to permit the air to flow into the crankcase chambers 17 when the pistons 14 are moving upwardly but to preclude reverse flow when the pistons 14 move downward. This downward movement causes the air charge to be compressed in the crankcase chamber 17 and the flow then is transferred to the combustion chamber 24 formed in a manner which will be described, through one or more scavenge passages 25. The combustion chamber 24 is defined by the cylinder bore 13, the head of the piston 14, and by a cylinder head assembly 26 that is affixed to the cylinder block 12 in a known manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the engine 11 is of the diesel type and thus includes a pre-combustion chamber 27 formed in the cylinder head assembly 26 and which communicates with the main combustion chamber 24 through a restricted throat 28. As the piston 14 continues its upward movement, the charge which has been transferred to the combustion chamber 24 and through the throat 28 to the pre-chamber 27 will be further compressed. A fuel injector 29 is mounted in the cylinder head assembly 26 and sprays fuel into the pre-chamber 27 and through the throat 28 into the main combustion chamber 24 at the appropriate time. This charge will immediately commence to burn because of the high pressure and temperature. This will cause expansion both of the gases in the pre-chamber 27 and in the main chamber 24 while combustion continues to drive the pistons 14 downward. If desired, glow plugs 31 may be mounted in the cylinder head assembly 26 and extend into the pre-chamber 27 to assist in ignition, during at least cold running operation. The exhaust gases then exit through an exhaust passage 31 formed in the cylinder block 12 and which communicates with an exhaust manifold 33 for discharge of these exhaust gases to the atmosphere. An exhaust control valve 34 may also be provided in an auxiliary exhaust passage 35 so as to vary the effective compression ratio of the engine 11 as is known in this art. The scavenge control system includes a scavenge manifold 36 which extends along the side of the engine and which communicates with each crankcase chamber 17 through a respective scavenge control passage 37. Scavenge control throttle valves 38 are supported on a throttle valve shaft 39 in the scavenge control passages 37 and control the communication of the chamber 17 with the scavenge control manifold 36. When the scavenge control valves 38 are in their closed position as shown in Figure 1, the engine 11 operates with normal scavenging. However, under low-speed and low-load conditions, the scavenge control valves 38 may be opened and thus reduce the pressure in the crankcase chambers 17 during downward movement of the pistons and thus reduce the amount of scavenging airflow into the combustion chambers 24 to achieve the aforenoted results. Obviously, this type of arrangement is quite useful in scavenge control, particularly in diesel engines and those embodying direct cylinder injections. However, this principle has been primarily limited to use in in-line type engines because of the difficulty in providing adequate scavenge control between all of the crankcase chambers of a V-type engine. In addition, the internal combustion engine of the V-type disclosed in US-A-3 166 054 draws exhaust gas back into the individual crankcase chambers of the engine when intake air is throttled so that the next intake air charge will be diluted resulting in poor engine performance. Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide an improved internal combustion engine as indicated above, having a cylinder configuration of the V type that permits an efficient and exact scavenge control for the respective crankcase chambers, and in addition facilitates a compact structure for said internal combustion engine. According to the present invention, this objective is solved for an internal combustion engine as indicated above by a plurality of scavenging control passages for communicating said crankcase chamber sections with a scavenging manifold extending along one side of the crankcase chamber, and scavenging control valves each disposed in a respective one of said scavenging control passages for controlling the communication of the crankcase chamber sections with said scavenging manifold, whereby said scavenging control passages extend in part into this scavenging manifold. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scavenging manifold extends in the V between the cylinder banks. Accordingly, the space between the V defined by the cylinder banks is utilized, thereby rendering the engine configuration more compact. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the scavenging control valves are arranged along a line. That permits a convenient actuation of the scavenging control valves within a limited space, preferably by means of a common valve shaft. According to yet another preferred embodiment, the scavenging manifold is disposed between an exhaust manifold arrangement and the crankcase chamber. Further preferred embodiments of the invention are laid down in further dependent claims. Hereinafter, the present invention is illustrated and explained in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments thereof in conjunction with accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view taken through a single cylinder of a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the prior art and wherein the engine in an in-line type engine. Figure 2 is a side elevational view of an outboard motor attached to the transom of a watercraft shown partially and in phantom. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a horizontal plane and on an enlarged scale of the outboard motor shown in Figure 2 and shows an embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view, in part similar to Figure 3, and shows an embodiment which does not form part of the invention. Referring now initially to Figure 2, an outboard motor is identified generally by the reference numeral 51 and is shown as attached to the transom 52 of a watercraft 53, shown partially and in phantom. The invention is described in conjunction with an outboard motor 51 because such an application is a typical environment in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is adapted for use in any of a wide variety of applications for two-cycle crankcase compression engines having angularly disposed cylinder banks. However, outboard motors are one application where this type of invention has particular utility particularly because of the compact nature required for the power plants of outboard motors. The outboard motor 51 is comprised of a power head having a powering internal combustion engine 54 according to the invention, the details of which will be described later by more reference to Figures 3 and 4. This power head further includes a protective cowling comprised of a lower tray portion 55 to which a detachable main cowling portion 56 is connected. As is typical with outboard motor practice, the engine 54 is disposed on the tray 55 so that its crankshaft rotates about a vertically extending axis. The crankshaft is rotatably coupled to a drive shaft (not shown) which depends into and is journaled within a drive shaft housing 57. This drive shaft continues through the drive shaft housing 57 into a lower unit 58 where it drives a propeller 59 through a conventional forward, neutral, reverse transmission (not shown). A steering shaft, not shown, is connected to the drive shaft housing 57 by upper and lower bracket assembly 61 and 62. This steering shaft is journaled for steering movement within a swivel bracket 63 in a well known manner for steering of the outboard motor 51 and associated watercraft 53. A tiller 64 is affixed to the upper end of the steering shaft for effecting the steering of the outboard motor 51. The swivel bracket 63 is connected by means of a pivot pin 65 to a clamping bracket 66. This pivotal connection permits tilt and trim movement of the outboard motor 51 as is also well known in this art. The clamping bracket 61 provides a suitable mechanism whereby the outboard motor 51 as thus far described may be detachably connected to the watercraft transom 52. As has been noted, the construction of the outboard motor 51 is intended to show an environment in which the invention is particularly adapted for use. Since the invention deals with the construction of the internal combustion engine 54, further details of the construction of the outboard motor 51 are not believed to be necessary to permit those skilled in the art to practice the invention. where any details of the outboard motor 51 are not described, they may be considered to be conventional. The construction of the engine 54 will now be described by particular reference to Figures 3 and 4. In many regards, the engine 54 is the same as the prior art type of construction as shown in Figure 1 and where that is the case, components of the engine 54 which are the same as the prior art type of construction have been identified by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the cylinder block 12 is provided with a pair of angularly disposed cylinder banks 67 and 68 which are disposed at a V-angle to each other and which define a valley therebetween. As is well known with V-type engine practice, the cylinder banks 67 and 68 are staggered relative to each other so that the connecting rods 15 of adjacent cylinder bores 13 may be disposed in side-by-side relationship on the throws of the crankshaft 16. In the illustrated embodiment, each cylinder bank 67 and 68 is provided with a plurality of cylinder bores 13 and in this particular embodiment, three cylinder bores are formed for each cylinder bank. It should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, however, how the invention may be employed with other numbers of cylinders. The valley between the cylinder bank 67 and 68 contains a pair of exhaust manifolds 69 which communicate with the exhaust passages 32 of each cylinder bank 67 and 68 for delivering the exhaust gasses downwardly through the drive shaft housing 57 for discharge through a conventional underwater exhaust gas discharge, as is typically employed in this art. As with the prior art type of constructions, the crankcase chamber 17 associated with each cylinder bore 13 is sealed from the others in any appropriate manner. The induction system for the engine 54 includes an air inlet device 71 having a pair of forwardly facing inlet openings 72 through which atmospheric air can be drawn from within the protective cowling. The main cowling member 56 is provided with an atmospheric air inlet (not shown) for admitting sufficient air for engine operation. The air inlet device 71 transfers the air that it has inducted to an intake manifold 73 that has branched runner portions 74 that communicate with the intake ports 22 for each crankcase chamber section 17. As with the prior art type of constructions, read type check valves 75 are provided in each of the intake ports 22 for permitting air to flow into the crankcase chamber sections 17, but which preclude reverse flow when the charge is being compressed therein. Since the scavenge passages and exhaust passages are the same as conventional engines, except as heretofore noted, another description of the conventional portion of the engine is not believed to be necessary. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a scavenge manifold 76 is formed by a volume that is defined by the portion of the cylinder block 12 in the valley between the cylinder banks 67 and 68 and inwardly of the exhaust manifolds 69 and by these manifolds 69. A plurality of scavenge control passages 77 are also formed in the cylinder block 12 and in the valley between the cylinder bank 67 and 68. According to the invention, these scavenge control passages 77 each communicate with a respective crankcase chamber section 17. The scavenge control passages extend into the scavenge manifold cavity 76 to provide a compact construction. Scavenge controlling throttle valves 78 are provided on a common scavenge control valve shaft 79 that extends through the cylinder block in the area adjacent the scavenge manifold 77. A control lever 81 is affixed to the upper end of the scavenge control valve shaft 79 for connection to an appropriate servo motor so as to open and close the scavenge control valves 78 in accordance with any desired control routine. Hence, it should be readily apparent that this construction provides a very compact scavenge arrangement while still maintaining all of the advantages of scavenge control in the manner as previously used only with in-line type engines. The cylinder block 12 is also provided with a water cooling jacket, a portion of which, indicated by the reference numeral 82, is juxtaposed to the exhaust manifold 69 for cooling not only them, but the scavenge control manifold 76. Figure 5 shows an embodiment which is generally the same as the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 but not falling within the scope of claim 1. For that reason, only the differences between this embodiment and that previously deacribed embodiment will be described in detail. Where components are the same, they have been identified by the same reference numerals and will be described again only insofar as necessary to understand the construction and operation of this embodiment. This embodiment differs from the previously described embodiment in that a scavenge manifold, indicated generally by the reference numeral 101 is disposed outside of the valley area between the cylinder banks 67 and 68. This scavenge manifold 101 is disposed on one side of the lower end of the crankcase member 19. As with the previous construction, the scavenge manifold 101 communicates with the individual crankcase chamber 17 through scavenge control passages 102. These scavenge control passages 102 are all aligned with each other and each has a scavenge control throttle valve 103 disposed therein. The scavenge control throttle valves 103 are all affixed to a common scavenge control valve shaft 104 that extends parallel to the rotational axis of the crankshaft 16 on one side of the crankcase chamber 17. Thus, this embodiment, like the previously described embodiment, permits the use of a single scavenge control manifold for both banks of a V-type engine or engine having angularly related cylinder banks. From the foregoing description, it should be readily apparent that the described constructions provide a very compact V-type, two-cycle, crankcase compression engine wherein a single scavenge manifold serves both cylinder banks and permits a scavenge valve arrangement wherein a single aligned throttle valve shaft controls the flow through all scavenge control passages. Of course, the foregoing description is that of a preferred embodiment to the invention and as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

Claims: Internal combustion engine of the two-stroke cycle crankcase compression type comprising a cylinder block (12) with a pair of cylinder banks (67, 68) arranged at an angle to each other and defining a V therebetween, at least one cylinder bore (13) defined in each of said cylinder banks (67, 68), a crankcase chamber for accommodating a crankshaft (16), said crankcase chamber having a plurality of separated crankcase chamber sections (17) each associated with a respective cylinder bore (13), and a scavenge passage arrangement (25) for delivering an intake charge from the crankcase chamber to the respective cylinder bores (13), characterized by a plurality of scavenging control passages (77) for communicating said crankcase chamber sections (17) with a scavenging manifold (76) extending along one side of the crankcase chamber, and scavenging control valves (78) each disposed in a respective one of said scavenging control passages (77) for controlling the communication of the crankcase chamber sections (17) with said scavenging manifold (76), whereby said scavenging control passages (77) extend in part into this scavenging manifold (76). Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the scavenging manifold (76) extends in the V between the cylinder banks (67, 68). Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the scavenging control valves (78) are arranged along a line. Internal combustion engine according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the scavenging control valves (78) are affixed to a common valve shaft (79) rotatably supported by the cylinder block (12). Internal combustion engine according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an exhaust manifold arrangement (69) communicating with the respective cylinder bores (13) via exhaust passages (32) is disposed between said pair of cylinder banks (67, 68) substantially inside said V defined therebetween. Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that said scavenging manifold (76) is disposed between said exhaust manifold arrangement (69) and the crankcase chamber. Internal combustion engine according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a plurality of exhaust control valves (34) are provided for controlling the timing of opening and closing of the exhaust passages (32). Internal combustion engine according to at least one of claims 2 to 7, with claims 3 to 7 being dependent on claim 2, characterized in that said scavenging manifold (76) is formed in part as an integral unit with said exhaust manifold arrangement (69).

Inventors: MASUDA TATSUYUKI, NISHIMURA SEIICHI, MASUDA, TATSUYUKI, NISHIMURA, SEIICHI, MASUDA, TATSUYUKI, C/O YAMAHA HATSUDOKI K.K., NISHIMURA, SEIICHI, C/O YAMAHA HATSUDOKI K.K.
Applicants: SANSHIN KOGYO KK, YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD, SANSHIN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, YAMAHA HATSUDOKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1995
Main classification: F02B25
IPC codes: F02D9, F02B25, B63H20, F02D13, F02B75