Valve operating apparatus for internal combustion engine

Abstract: A valve operating apparatus for driving intake valves (3) and exhaust valves (5) of an internal combustion engine has a valve operating cam (2) and a rocker arm unit (4). The rocker arm unit (4) is made up of driving rocker arms (41₁, 41₂) which operatively contacts the valves (3, 3), a free rocker arm (42) which is free from contact with the valves (3, 3), and a changeover mechanism (43) for varying a valve lift amount and timing of opening and closing the valves (3, 3) by connecting both the rocker arms (41₁, 41₂) and releasing the connection between them. The free rocker arm (42) is urged by a torsion spring (45) so as to operatively contact the valve operating cam. The torsion spring (45) is disposed inside a hollow rocker arm shaft (44) of the rocker arm unit (4). In case the free rocker arm (42) is fixed to the rocker arm shaft (44), a coil spring (45) is disposed inside a supporting portion for rotatably supporting the rocker arm shaft (44) such that the free rocker arm (42) is urged by the coil spring (45) via the rocker arm shaft.

Description: The present invention relates to a valve operating apparatus for operating intake (or inlet) valves and/or exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine, the valve operating apparatus comprising valve-operating cams and rocker arm units. The present invention relates, in particular, to a valve operating apparatus in which each of the rocker arm units is made up of a driving rocker arm which operatively contacts a valve, a free rocker arm which is free from operating contact with, or does not operatively contact, the valve and a changeover mechanism which varies a valve lift amount and/or a timing of opening and closing the valve by connecting both the rocker arms and releasing their connection. In this kind of valve operating apparatus, when the connection between the free rocker arm and the driving rocker arms is released, an urging force of a valve spring will no longer function or operate on the free rocker arm. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an urging means to urge the free rocker arm into operating contact with a valve driving cam. Conventionally, as shown in Fig. 14 a bridge member c is provided between cam holders b which support rocker arm shafts "a" of rocker arm units, and an urging means d which comprises a piston d 2 to be urged by a spring d 1 is mounted on the bridge member c such that the piston d 2 operatively contacts a free rocker arm e, wherein the free rocker arm e is urged towards the valve driving cam f (see Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 1405/1992). Or else, as shown in Fig. 15, the urging means d having a similar construction as described above is mounted on a boss portion g which is provided in a projecting manner on a cylinder head, such that the piston d 2 operatively contacts the free rocker arm e, whereby the free rocker arm e is urged towards the valve driving cam f. The conventional example shown in Fig. 14 has the following disadvantages. Namely, the bridge member c for mounting thereon the urging means d becomes necessary, resulting in a cause for an increase in weight and cost. Further, a space for disposing the urging means d must be secured above the rocker arm unit, resulting in an increase in height of the engine. The conventional example shown in Fig. 15 also has the following disadvantages. Namely, the boss portion g for mounting thereon the urging means d must be provided in a projecting manner on the cylinder head, resulting in an increase in the weight. Further, a space for disposing the urging means d must be secured between the adjoining valves, resulting in a limitation, or a restriction, in the freedom in the design of the valve layout. In any of the above-described conventional examples there is a further disadvantage in that the construction of the urging means d becomes complicated, resulting in a higher cost. In view of the above disadvantages, it is an object of at least the preferred embodiments of the invention to provide a light and inexpensive valve operating apparatus which can be disposed at a high space efficiency without the need for a member exclusively for mounting the urging means and which can also simplify the construction of the urging means. EP-A-0242228 discloses a valve operating apparatus for driving an intake valve or an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine, said valve operating apparatus having a valve operating cam and a rocker arm unit having a hollow rocker arm shaft, said rocker arm unit further comprising: a driving rocker arm which operatively contacts the valve; a free rocker arm which is free from operative contact with the valve; and a changeover mechanism for varying a valve lift amount and/or timing of opening and closing the valve by connecting both said rocker arms and releasing the connection therebetween; said free rocker arm being urged by urging means so as to operatively contact said valve operating cam. EP-A-0052554 and DE-A-1120804 both disclose means for urging a rocker arm in an internal combustion engine against a cam. In EP-A-0052554 a free rocker arm is urged against the cam by a helical spring disposed around the outside of the rocker arm shaft, and in DE-A-1120804 a driving rocker arm is biassed by a torsion bar which also serves to maintain the valve in its closed position. According to the present invention, said urging means is disposed inside the hollow rocker arm shaft of said rocker arm unit, said hollow rocker arm shaft being provided coaxially with said free rocker arm. Since the urging means is disposed inside the rocker arm shaft, it is not necessary to secure a space for disposing the urging means outside the rocker arm shaft. The height of the engine can therefore be reduced and the freedom of design in laying out the valves is increased. Further, a mounting member for the urging means becomes needless, with the result that a decrease in the weight and the cost can be attained. Further, by disposing the urging means inside the rocker arm shaft, the rocker arm unit can be sub-assembled in a condition in which the urging means is assembled therein. The ease with which the valve operating apparatus can be assembled, or the workability, is improved. In these arrangements, in case the free rocker arm is fixed to the rocker arm shaft, the urging means may be made by a torsion spring which is connected to the rocker arm shaft. In case the free rocker arm is rotatably supported by the rocker arm shaft, the urging means may be constituted by a torsion spring which is connected to the free rocker arm through a radial opening formed in the rocker arm shaft. In any case, the construction of the urging means can be simplified and the cost thereof can be reduced. Certain preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Fig. 1 is a sectional view of one embodying example of a cylinder head which is provided with an apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken along the line II-II in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional side view taken along the line III-III in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of a second embodying example of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of a third embodying example of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a sectional side view taken along the line VI-VI in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view of a fourth embodying example of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a sectional plan view of a fifth embodying example of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a sectional side view taken along the line IX-IX in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a sectional plan view of a sixth embodying example of the present invention; Fig. 11 is a sectional plan view of a seventh embodying example of the present invention; Fig. 12 is a sectional side view taken along the line XII-XII in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a sectional side view taken along the line XIII-XIII in Fig. 12; Fig. 14 is a sectional side view of a conventional example; and Fig. 15 is a sectional side view of another conventional example. With reference to Fig. 1, numeral 1 denotes a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. On the cylinder head 1 there are provided a valve driving cam 2, a rocker arm unit 4 for intake (or inlet) valves 3, and a rocker arm unit 6 for exhaust valves 5. The intake valves 3 are provided in a pair. The rocker arm unit 4 is made up of a pair of first and second driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 which operatively contact respective intake valves 3, an intermediate free rocker arm 42 which does not operatively contact, or free from operative contact with, the intake valves 3, and a changeover mechanism 43 which connects the free rocker arm 42 and both the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and releases the connection therebetween. Both the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 are supported in a swingable manner on a rocker arm shaft 44 which is rotatably supported between cam holders 7, 7 on the cylinder head 1. Each of the rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 is made to contact each of the intake valves 3 via an adjusting screw 41 1 a, 41 2 a which is mounted on one end of each rocker arm, and the other end of the rocker arm is made to contact a low-speed cam portion 2a of the valve driving cam 2. The free rocker arm 42 is formed integrally with the rocker arm shaft 44, and its end portion is made to contact a high-speed cam portion 2b of the valve driving cam 2. The changeover mechanism 43 is made up of: a first connecting pin 43a which is inserted into the first driving rocker arm 41 1 and which can be engaged with, and disengaged from, the free rocker arm 42; a second connecting pin 43b which is inserted into the free rocker arm 42 and which can be engaged with, and disengaged from, the second driving rocker arm 41 2 ; a restricting pin 43d which is inserted into the second driving rocker arm 41 2 and which is urged by a spring 43c towards the free rocker arm 42; and an oil chamber 43e which is formed in the first driving rocker arm 41 1 and which urges the first connecting pin 43a towards the free rocker arm 42. An arrangement has thus been made as follows. Namely, when the oil pressure to be inputted from an oil passage 43f formed in the cam holder 7 to the oil chamber 43e through the inside of the rocker arm shaft 44 is increased, the first connecting pin 43a is engaged with the free rocker arm 42 and, also, the second connecting pin 43b is engaged with the second driving rocker arm 41 2 as a result of a push by the first connecting pin 43a, whereby both the rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the free rocker arm 42 are connected together. In this condition, the intake valves 3 are opened and closed in a relatively large valve lift amount which is defined by the high-speed cam portion 2b and in a valve opening/closing timing of long valve open-period, which condition being suitable for high-speed running. When the oil pressure in the oil chamber 43e is decreased, the second connecting pin 43b and the first connecting pin 43a are urged back respectively into the free rocker arm 42 and the first driving rocker arm 41 1 by means of the urging force of the spring 43c via the restricting pin 43d, whereby the connection between both the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the free rocker arm 42 is released. In this condition, the intake valves 3 are opened and closed in a relatively small valve lift amount which is defined by the low-speed cam portion 2a and in a valve opening/closing timing of short valve-open period, which conditions being suitable for low-speed running. By the way, when the connection between the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the free rocker arm 42 is released, the free rocker arm 42 will no longer be subject to the operation or function of the urging force of a valve spring 3a of the intake valve 3. Therefore, a separate urging means 45 is provided to cause the free rocker arm 42 to contact the high-speed cam portion 2b. In this embodying example, the urging means 45 is constituted by a bar-like torsion spring, i.e., a torsion bar, which is inserted into the hollow rocker arm shaft 44. The urging means 45 has the following arrangement. Namely, both end portions of the torsion spring 45 are fixed to cam holders 7, 7 in a nonrotatable manner, and an intermediate portion of the torsion spring 45 is connected to the rocker arm shaft 44 in a nonrotatable manner. The free rocker arm 42 is thus urged in the counterclockwise direction as seen in Fig. 3 by the torsion spring 45 via the rocker arm shaft 44, whereby the end portion of the free rocker arm 42 is caused to contact the high-speed cam portion 2b. In this embodying example, serrated portions 45a are provided respectively in both end portions and in the intermediate portion of the torsion spring 45 to thereby fix it to the cam holders 7, 7 and to the rocker arm shaft 44 in a nonrotatable manner. However, the torsion spring 45 may be prevented from rotating by means of a pin, a key or the like. Or else, the intermediate portion of the torsion spring 45 may be fixed to the rocker arm shaft 44 by means of friction welding. By disposing the urging means 45 for the free rocker arm 42 inside the rocker arm shaft 44 in the manner as described above, there is no need of securing a space for disposing the urging means outside the free rocker arm 42. Therefore, the height of the internal combustion engine can be reduced and the freedom in the design in laying out the valves is increased. Further, since a mounting member to be used exclusively for the urging means becomes unnecessary, the weight and the cost of the internal combustion engine can be decreased. Still furthermore, the rocker arm unit 4 can be sub-assembled in a condition in which the urging means 45 is assembled therein, resulting in an improvement in the workability or the ease with which the valve operating apparatus can be assembled. In the above-described embodying example, the torsion bar is employed as the urging means 45. There may also be employed a torsion coil spring as the urging means 45, as shown in Fig. 4, which is connected at one end thereof to the cam holder 7 and at the other end thereof to the rocker arm shaft 44. In the above-described embodying examples, the free rocker arm 42 is fixed to the rocker arm shaft 44. However, in case the free rocker arm 42 is rotatably supported by the rocker arm shaft 44, the following arrangement may be employed. Namely, a radial opening 44a is formed in the rocker arm shaft 44 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The free rocker arm 42 is then connected through the opening 44a to the torsion spring 45, which is disposed inside the rocker arm shaft 44, by means of a connecting member 42a which is mounted on the free rocker arm 42. In this embodying example, the torsion spring 45 is constituted or made by a plate spring both ends of which are engaged with grooves 7a, 7a formed in the cam holders 7, 7 in a nonrotatable manner to thereby prevent it from rotating. However, there may also be employed a torsion spring 45 which is made up of a wire rod as shown in Fig. 7. An embodying example shown in Figs. 8 and 9 has the following arrangement. Namely, the first driving rocker arm 41 1 is caused to contact the low-speed cam portion of the valve driving cam 2 via a roller 41 1 b which is rotatably mounted on the first driving rocker arm 41 1 . The free rocker arm 42 is caused to contact the high-speed cam portion 2b of the valve driving cam 2 via a roller 42b which is rotatably mounted on the free rocker arm 42. On the other hand, the second driving rocker arm 41 2 is caused to contact a circular shaft portion of the valve driving cam 2. When both the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the free rocker arm 42 are connected together by means of the changeover mechanism 43, a pair of intake valves are opened and closed by a valve lift amount and an opening and closing timing to be defined by the high-speed cam portion 2b. When this connection is released, the intake valve that corresponds to the second driving rocker arm 41 2 is held in a closed condition, and only the intake valve that corresponds to the first driving rocker arm 41 1 is opened and closed by a valve lift amount and an opening and closing timing to be defined by the low-speed cam portion. The free rocker arm 42 is fixed to the rocker arm shaft 44. The urging means 45 for the free rocker arm 42 is made by a torsion spring which is disposed inside the rocker arm shaft 44 in the same manner as the embodying example shown in Fig. 2. Both ends and an intermediate portion of the torsion spring 45 are respectively mounted on the cam holders 7, 7 and the rocker arm shaft 44 in a nonrotatable manner by means of serrated portions 45a. An embodying example shown in Fig. 10 has the following arrangement. Namely, both the first and the second driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 are caused to contact the low-speed cam portion of the valve driving cam respectively via rollers 41 1 b, 41 2 b, and the free rocker arm 42 is caused to contact the high-speed cam portion of the valve driving cam via a roller 42b. Further, the first connecting pin 43a, the second connecting pin 43b, and the restricting pin 43d which compose or make up the changeover mechanism 43 are respectively inserted coaxially into rollers 41 1 b, 42b, 41 2 b. In this embodying example, too, the free rocker arm 42 is fixed to the rocker arm shaft 44. A torsion spring 45 which serves as the urging means for the free rocker arm 42 is disposed inside the rocker arm shaft 44. This torsion spring 45 is mounted in a nonrotatable manner on the cam holder 7 and the rocker arm shaft 44 at one end and the other end, respectively, by means of serrated portions 45a. An embodying example shown in Figs. 11 through 13 has the following arrangement. Namely, a pair of first and second driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and a pair of first and second free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 are alternately disposed. Each of the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 is caused to contact the circular shaft portions of the valve driving cam 2. The first free rocker arm 42 1 is caused to contact the low-speed cam portion 2a of the valve driving cam 2 via a roller 42 1 b. The second free rocker arm 422 is caused to abut the high-speed cam portion 2b of the valve driving cam 2 via a roller 422b. Further, there are provided a first changeover mechanism 43 1 for connecting the first driving rocker arm 41 1 and the first free rocker arm 42 1 and releasing the connection therebetween, a second changeover mechanism 43 2 for connecting the second driving rocker arm 41 2 and the second free rocker arm 42 2 and releasing the connection therebetween, a third changeover mechanism 43 3 for connecting the first and the second driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the second free rocker arm 42 2 and releasing the connection therebetween. It is thus arranged to be changed over among the following conditions: namely, a condition in which the first driving rocker arm 41 1 and the first free rocker arm 42 1 are connected by the first changeover mechanism 43 1 , whereby only that one of the intake valves which corresponds to the first driving rocker arm 41 1 is opened and closed by the low-speed cam portion 2a; a condition in which the second driving rocker arm 41 2 and the second free rocker arm 42 2 are connected by the second changeover mechanism 43 2 whereby only the other of the inlet valves which corresponds to the second driving rocker arm 41 2 is opened and closed by the high-speed cam portion 2b; a condition in which the first driving rocker arm 41 1 and the first free rocker arm 42 1 are connected and the second driving rocker arm 41 2 and the second free rocker arm 42 2 are connected respectively by the first changeover mechanism 43 1 and the second changeover mechanism 43 2 , whereby one of the inlet valves is opened and closed by the low-speed cam portion 2a and the other of the inlet valves is opened and closed by the high-speed cam portion 2b; a condition in which both the rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 are connected to the second free rocker arm 42 2 by the third changeover mechanism 43 3 , whereby both the intake valves are opened and closed by the high-speed cam portion 2b; and a cylinder rest condition in which the connection between each of the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the connection between each of the free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 are all released, whereby the pair of the intake vales are both kept closed. Each of the first and the second changeover mechanisms 43 1 , 43 2 is made up of: pistons 43 1 a, 43 2 a which are respectively inserted into each of the first and the second free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 ; connecting pins 43 1 b, 43 2 b which can be respectively engaged between each of the free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 and each of the first and the second driving rocker arms 41 1 , 42 2 ; those restricting pins 43 1 d, 43 2 d with springs 43 1 c, 43 2 c which are respectively inserted into each of the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 42 2 ; and oil chambers 43 1 e, 43 2 e which are respectively formed in each of the free rocker arms 41 1 , 42 2 . Thus, when the oil pressure in the oil chambers 43 1 e, 43 2 e is low, each of the free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 and each of the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 42 2 are respectively connected via the respective connecting pins 43 1 b, 42 2 b. When the oil pressure in the oil chambers 43 1 e, 43 2 e increases, the connecting pins 43 1 b, 43 2 b are respectively pushed into each of the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 42 2 , whereby the respective connection between each of the free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 and each of the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 42 2 is released. The third changeover mechanism 43 3 is made up of: a first connecting pin 43 3 a which is inserted into the second driving rocker arm 41 2 ; a second connecting pin 43 3 b which is inserted into the second free rocker arm 42 2 ; that restricting pin 43 3 d with a spring 43 3 c which is inserted into the first driving rocker arm 41 1 ; and an oil chamber 43 3 e which is formed in the second driving rocker arm 41 2 . When the oil pressure in the oil chamber 43 3 e is increased, the first connecting pin 43 3 a is engaged with the second free rocker arm 42 2 , and also the second connecting pin 43 3 b is engaged with the first driving rocker arm 41 1 , whereby both the driving rocker arms 41 1 , 41 2 and the second free rocker arm 42 2 are connected. The second free rocker arm 42 2 is fixed to the rocker arm shaft 44. The bar-like torsion spring 45 which serves as the urging means for the second free rocker arm 42 2 is inserted into the rocker arm shaft 44. Both ends and the intermediate portion of the torsion spring 45 are respectively mounted in a nonrotatable manner on the cam holders 7, 7 and the rocker arm shaft 44 at the serrated portions 45a. The intermediate serrated portion 45a coincides with the portion in which the second free rocker arm 42 2 is disposed. The rocker arm shaft 44 is divided inside thereof into two chambers, i.e., one chamber and the other chamber in the axial direction partitioned by the serrated portion 45a by means of the connecting portion between the rocker arm shaft 44 and the torsion spring 45. In the torsion spring 45 there is formed an axially extending oil bore 45b. It is thus so arranged that oil can be supplied in the following manner, i.e.,: from the first oil passage 43f 1 formed in one of the cam holders 7 to the oil chamber 43 1 e of the first changeover mechanism 43 1 via one of the chambers of the rocker arm shaft 44; from the second oil passage 43f 2 formed in the other of the cam holders 7 to the oil chamber 43 2 e of the second changeover mechanism 43 2 via the oil bore 45b and the serrated portion 45a; and from the third oil passage 43f 3 formed in the other of the cam holders 7 to the oil chamber 43 3 e of the third changeover mechanism 43 3 via the other of the chambers of the rocker arm shaft 44. In this manner, by utilizing the torsion spring 45 commonly as a piping material for the changeover mechanisms and further as a partition material inside the rocker arm shaft 44, it becomes possible to change over the valve lift amount and the timing of opening and closing the valves in multiple stages. Further, when the intermediate portion of the torsion spring 45 is connected to the rocker arm shaft 44 by friction welding or the like, the oil can be supplied from the oil bore 45b of the torsion spring 45 to the oil chamber 43 2 e of the second changeover mechanism 43 2 through the intermediate connecting portion. By the way, in case two free rocker arms 42 1 , 42 2 are provided as described above, it will be difficult to dispose inside the rocker arm shaft 44 two urging means for the two free rocker arms. Therefore, in the above-described embodying example, the urging means 45 for the second free rocker arm 42 2 is disposed inside the rocker arm shaft 44 and the conventional type of the urging means 46 for the first free rocker arm 42 1 is mounted, as shown in Fig. 15, on the boss portion 1a which is provided in a projecting manner on the cylinder head 1. Explanations have so far been made about the rocker arm unit 4 for the intake valves. It is needless to say that the present invention can also be applied to the rocker arm unit for the exhaust valves. As can be seen from the above-described explanations, it is not necessary to secure a space, outside the rocker arm unit, for disposing therein the urging means for the free rocker arm. Therefore, the valve operating apparatus can be constituted in a compact manner, so that the height of the internal combustion engine can be reduced and the freedom of design in the layout of the valves can be increased. Further, since the mounting member to be used exclusively for the urging means and the urging means of complicated construction become needless, the valve operating apparatus can be made lighter in weight and smaller in manufacturing cost. Furthermore, by disposing the urging means inside the rocker arm shaft, the rocker arm can be sub-assembled in a condition in which the urging means has been assembled therein. The workability or the ease with which the valve operating apparatus is assembled can thus be improved.

Claims: A valve operating apparatus for driving an intake valve (3) or an exhaust valve (5) of an internal combustion engine, said valve operating apparatus having a valve operating cam (2) and a rocker arm unit (4/6) having a hollow rocker arm shaft (44), said rocker arm unit (4) further comprising: a driving rocker arm (41 1 /41 2 ) which operatively contacts the valve (3); a free rocker arm (42) which is free from operative contact with the valve (3); and a changeover mechanism (43) for varying a valve lift amount and/or timing of opening and closing the valve (3) by connecting both said rocker arms (41 1 /41 2 , 42) and releasing the connection therebetween; said free rocker arm (42) being urged by urging means (45) so as to operatively contact said valve operating cam (2); characterised in that said urging means (45) is disposed inside the hollow rocker arm shaft (44) of said rocker arm unit (4), said hollow rocker arm shaft (44) being provided coaxially with said free rocker arm (42). A valve operating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said free rocker arm (42) is fixed to said rocker arm shaft (44), and wherein said urging means (45) comprises a torsion spring which is connected to said rocker arm shaft (44). A valve operating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said torsion spring (45) is a torsion bar spring, and wherein said torsion bar spring is engaged with an internal circumference of said rocker arm shaft (44) in a fluid tight relationship at a connecting portion where said torsion bar spring is connected to said rocker arm shaft (44) such that a working fluid is supplied to said changeover mechanism (43) via a chamber defined inside said rocker arm shaft (44) by said connecting portion. A valve operating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said torsion spring (45) is a torsion bar spring, wherein said torsion bar spring is engaged with an internal circumference of said rocker arm shaft in a fluid tight relationship at a connecting portion where said torsion bar spring is connected to said rocker arm shaft (44), and wherein said torsion bar spring has formed therein a passage (45b) which is in communication with said changeover mechanism (43) via said connecting portion, whereby said torsion bar spring also serves a purpose of a pipe for supplying a working fluid to said changeover mechanism (43). A valve operating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said free rocker arm (42) is rotatably supported on said rocker arm shaft (44), and wherein said urging means (45) comprises a torsion spring which is connected to said free rocker arm (42) through a radial opening (44a) formed in said rocker arm shaft (44).

Inventors: FUKUZAWA MASAMI, KUMAGAI KAZUHIDE, FUKUZAWA, MASAMI, KUMAGAI, KAZUHIDE, FUKUZAWA, MASAMI, C/O K.K. HONDA GUJITSU, KUMAGAI, KAZUHIDE, C/O K.K. HONDA GUJITSU
Applicants: HONDA MOTOR CO LTD, HONDA GIKEN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1995
Main classification: F01L1
IPC codes: F01L1, F01L13