Pipe joint

Abstract: A pipe joint comprises a pipe formed with an annular projection (1) on a connection end portion thereof, a member having a socket including a cylindrical portion for receiving the pipe therein and formed with apertures in the cylindrical portion, and a resilient stopper (10) having circular-arc ridges (7a) fittable in the respective apertures of the socket to project inward. The stopper extends axially of the pipe and has portions which, when the stopper is mounted on the cylindrical portion of the socket, are beyond 180° from the direction of mounting and at least have a circular-arc form to extend along the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion. The stopper further has an assembling error preventing flange on the pipe insertion side of the ridges or on the opposite side thereof. The socket is formed with a protrusion for the flange to come into contact with.

Description: The present invention relates to a pipe joint according to the preamble of claim 1. The EP 593 937 A1 discloses a pipe joint for joining two pipes, one of which comprises a cylindrical spigot portion having an annular projection on the outer periphery. The spigot is inserted into a hollow cylindrical socket portion having apertures extending over a part of the periphery of the socket on opposite sides thereof. An U-shaped stopper may be inserted into the apertures in a way to hold the projection of the spigot inside the socket. Means are provided to prevent crroneous insertion of the stopper. A similar pipe connector is described by the EP 530 778 A2. The stopper of which differs from the stopper of the pipe connector described before. OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a pipe joint wherein the stopper is easily mountable on the socket and can be held in place with good stability after mounting, the stopper being provided with an en-or preventing structure. To comply with this object, the pipe joint according to the present invention comprises the features of claim 1. The present invention provides a pipe joint which comprises a pipe formed with an annular projection on a connection end portion thereof, a socket having a cylindrical portion for receiving the pipe therein, and a stopper having circular-arc ridges fittable in respective apertures in the cylindrical portion. The stopper has an embracing portion extending axially of the pipe and so shaped that when the stopper is mounted on the cylindrical portion of the socket,parts of the embracing portion which are beyond 180° from the direction of mounting are at least in a circular-arc form to extend along the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion. The stopper is usually C-shaped. The apertures of the socket are usually two in number and are formed as opposed to each other in its peripheral wall. In corresponding relation with the apertures, the circular-arc ridges of the stopper are two in number and are formed on the inner surface of the embracing portion. When the stopper is mounted on the socket with the circular-arc ridges fitted in the respective apertures of the socket, the cylindrical portion of the socket is embraced by the embracing portion of the stopper, so that the stopper can be mounted on the socket around its outer periphery with good stability. In the case where the stopper is subjected to a force acting to open the stopper, the force is distributed over the entire stopper. Further when the stopper is mounted on the cylindrical portion of the socket, the cirular-arc parts extending beyond 180° from the mounting direction are in engagement with the socket. Accordingly, the stopper is difficult to open, is held engaged with the outer surface of the socket and is therefore reliably prevented from slipping off. The embracing portion of the stopper, when C-shaped, embraces the cylindrical portion of the socket approximately over the entire circumference thereof. Consequently, the stopper can be mounted around the socket with higher stability. According to the invention, the circular-arc ridges of the stopper have a slope for guiding the annular projection of the spigot, and an engaging face for holding the annular projection in engagement therewith. The stopper ridges are provided with an assembling error preventing sleeve on the pipe insertion side thereof or on the opposite side. If the stopper is to be mounted on the socket with the slopes of the ridges facing toward the opposite side to the pipe insertion side, the error preventing sleeve comes into contact with a protrusion provided at a required position on the outer surface of the socket. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a pipe joint embodying the invention; FIG. 2 is a view in horizontal section showing two pipes as joined to each other; FIG. 3 is a view in horizontal section of a stopper; FIG. 4 is a front view of the stopper; FIG. 5 is a right side elevation showing the stopper as mounted in position; FIG. 6 is a right side elevation of the stopper; FIG. 7 is a left side elevation of the stopper; FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of pipe joint of the invention; FIG. 9 is a view in horizontal' section showing two pipes as joined to each other by the pipe joint of FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a front view showing the pipes joined by the pipe joint of FIG. 8; FIG. 11 is a bottom view showing the pipes as joined to each other similarly; FIG. 12 is a view in section taken along the line 12-12 in FIG. 10; FIG. 13 is a front view of a stopper in the pipe joint of FIG. 8; FIG. 14 is a view in section taken along the line 14-14 in FIG. 13; FIG. 15 is a view in section taken along the line 15-15 in FIG. 13; FIG. 16 is a side elevation showing an embracing portion only of the stopper; FIG. 17 is a side elevation showing the embracing portion of FIG. 16 before it is mounted on a socket; FIG. 18 is a side elevation showing the embracing portion of FIG. 16 while it is being mounted on the socket; FIG. 19 is a side elevation showing the embracing portion of FIG. 16 as mounted on the socket; FIG. 20 is a right side elevation showing a stopper having an increased wall thickness and embodying the invention; FIG. 21 is a front view showing the stopper when it is to be mounted as oriented in the opposite direction; FIG. 22 is a front view showing a pipe joint of the invention as used for joining a pipe to a condenser; FIG. 23 is a view in section taken along the line 23-23 in FIG. 22 to show the relation between the pipe to be joined and a stopper; FIG. 24 is a fragmentary view in section showing pipe joints of the invention as used for joining pipes to a receiver; FIG. 25 is a side elevation of the receiver of FIG. 24; FIG. 26 is a front view showing pipe joints of the invention as used in piping for an evaporator; FIG. 27 is a front view showing another stopper embodying the invention; FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing a protrusion embodying the invention; FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing another protrusion embodying the invention; DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Pipe joints embodying the invention will be described with reference to the embodiments. Referring to FIGS. 1 to 7, the pipe joint shown comprises a cylindrical spigot 3 formed with an annular projection 1 on the outer periphery of a base end portion thereof; a socket 4 having a cylidrical portion 4A which is formed with two opposed apertures 5 in its peripheral wall 4a toward the outer end thereof, the socket 4 further having a bearing portion 4 formed on its inner surface and positioned closer to the base end thereof than the apertures 5 for the annular projection 1 of the spigot 3 to bear on; and a resilient stopper 10 which has a C-shaped embracing portion 10a for embracing the cylindrical portion 4A of the socket 4 and two opposed circular-arc ridges 7a formed on the inner surface of the embracing portion 10a and fittable in the respective apertures 5 of the socket 4. The aperture 5 of the socket 4 has two sides 5a, 5b perpendicular to the axis of the socket. The embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 extends axially of a pipe. The ridges 7a of the stopper 10 have a slope 7b on the pipe insersion side thereof for receiving the spigot 3, and an engaging face 7d on the other side thereof opposite to the slope 7b for engaging the annular projection 1 after the spigot 3 is inserted into the socket. The ridges 7a of the stopper 10 are fitted in the respective apertures 5 of the socket 4 with their slopes 7b facing toward the pipe to be inserted, and the spigot 3 is then inserted into the socket 4 until the annular projection 1 moves past the circular-arc ridges 7a, whereby the annular projection 1 of the spigot 3 is fixedly held between the inner bearing portion 4b of the socket 4 and engaging faces 7d of the ridges 7a. The spigot 3 is provided at the connection end of the pipe 11 to be joined, and the socket 4 is provided at the connection end of the other pipe 12 to be joined to the pipe 11. The ridge 7a has an extension 7c projecting beyond each end of the embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10. Thus, each end portion of the embracing portion 10a is shorter than the end portion of the ridge 7a toward the fitting direction thereof. The ridge 7a has an engaging portion 7e at the other end thereof opposite to the extension 7c. Indicated at 2 is an O-ring fitted in a groove 3a of the spigot 3. With the present embodiment, the stopper 10 is made of a fiber reinforced plastic comprising a mixture of nylon 66 and nylon 610 as a matrix and glass fiber as a filler. The spigot 3, the socket 4 and the pipes 11, 12 are all made of an aluminum alloy. As shown in FIG. 2, the socket 4 is fixed to the forward end of the pipe 12 by crimping, and the bearing portion 4b is provided by a flange 12a of the pipe 12. The apertures 5 are elongaged, and bridge portions 4c are formed between the apertures 5. The socket 4 may be integral with the forward end of the pipe 12 instead of being a member separate from the pipe 12 as described above. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 has a width greater than the distance L between the two sides 5a, 5b of the aperture 5 perpendicular to the axis, and the ridges 7a are positioned toward one side. The embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 of the present embodiment is C-shaped. As seen in FIG. 5, the embracing portion 10a is satisfactory insofar as it is so shaped that when the stopper 10 is mounted on the cylindrical portion 4A of the socket 4, the parts A of the embracing portion 10a which are beyond 180° from the mounting direction (indicated by an arrow) are at least in a circular-arc form so as to extend along the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 4A. With the pipe joint of the present embodiment, the spigot 3 is inserted into the socket 4, with the stopper ridges 7a fitted in the respective apertures 5 of the socket 4, whereby the annular projection 1 of the spigot 3 is caused to advance inwardly of the socket 4 along the slopes 7b of the ridges 7a while moving the opposed ridges 7a away from each other against the resiliency of the stopper 10. The annular projection 1 of the spigot 3 then moves past the ridges 7a to come into contact with the bearing portion 4b on the peripheral wall inner surface of the socket 4, whereupon the ridges 7a of the stopper 10 return toward each other by virtue of the resiliency. Consequently, the annular projection 1 of the spigot 3 is fixedly held between the bearing portion 4b of the socket 4 and the engaging faces 7d of the stopper ridges 7a. The spigot 3 and the socket 4 thus engaged join the pipe 11 to the piple 12. In mounting the stopper 10 on the socket 4, the circular-arc ridges 7a can be smoothly fitted into the respective apertures 5 merely by fitting the extensions 7c of the ridges 7a into the upper end portions 5c of the socket apertures 5 first and sliding the extensions 7c toward the lower ends 5d of the apertures 5. The embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 is C-shaped and has a great width about twice the distance L between the two sides 5a, 5b of the socket aperture 5 which are perpendicular to the axial direction. When the stopper 10 is mounted on the socket 4 by fitting the ridges 7a inside the embracing portion 10a into the socket apertures 5, the embracing portion 10a therefore embraces the peripheral wall 4a of the socket cylindrical portion 4A approximately over the entire circumference thereof as shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly, the stopper 10 can be mounted on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 4A with good stability. In the case where the pipe joint of the present embodiment is used for the piping for the evaporator, etc. of a motor vehicle air conditioner, the socket 4 will be shaken with the vibration involved in the travel of the motor vehicle. In this case, the stopper 10 embracing the cylindrical portion 4A of the socket 4 moves with the socket 4 in intimate contact with the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 4A and therefore will not slip off from the socket 4. In addition, the stopper 10 of the embodiment has incorporated therein glass fiber for reinforcing nylon 66 and nylon 610, is accordingly excellent in toughness and heat resistance and is resistant to or durable against oils and many chemicals. In the case where the present pipe joint is used for connecting pipes for the condenser, receiver, etc. of the air conditioner which are arranged in the engine room of a motor vehicle, calcium chloride or like metal halide for use as antifreezing agent for roads is likely to adhere to the stopper 10. Even in such a case, the stopper 10 remains free of cracking due to deterioration, retains high strength at all times and is in any way unlikely to slip off. The embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 is formed with an engaging groove 10b in its opposite sides except at its central part. As an assembling error preventing structure, the stopper 10 of the present embodiment has an assembling error preventing sleeve 10d at the pipe (11) insertion side of the circular-arc ridges 7a. When the stopper 10 is to be mounted on the socket 4 with the slopes 7b of the ridges 7a oriented in a direction opposite to the pipe 11 to be inserted, the sleeve 10d of the stopper 10 comes into contact with a protrusion 6 which is provided externally on the socket 4. The stopper 10 is mounted on the cylindrical portion 4A of the socket 4. The protrusion 6 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a contour larger than the outside diameter of the cylindrical portion 4A. The assembling error preventing sleeve 10d is C-shaped. The stopper 10 has at the other side of the ridges 7a opposite to the sleeve 10d a sleeve 10c having a smaller width than the sleeve 10d. This sleeve 10c of smaller width and the error preventing sleeve 10d constitute the embracing portion 10a. In other words, the ridges 7a are provided on the embracing portion 10a internally thereof' as positioned closer to one side. As previously stated, the apertures 5 of the socket 4 each have two sides 5a, 5b perpendicular to the axis of the socket, and the stopper embracing portion 10a have a large width about twice the distance L between the two sides 5a, 5b. In the case where the stopper 10 is to be mounted in the proper position, i.e., with the slopes 7b of the ridges 7a facing toward the pipe 11 to be inserted, the narrow sleeve 10c of embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 does not come into contact with the protrusion 6 provided externally on the socket 4. Consequently, the ridges 7a of the stopper 10 are fitted into the respective apertures 5 of the socket 4, whereby the stopper 10 is installed in place. On the other hand, when the stopper 10 is to be mounted in an erroneous state, i.e., with the slopes 7b oriented in a direction opposite to the pipe 11 to be inserted, the assembling error preventing sleeve 10d of embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 comes into contact with the protrusion 6 provided externally on the socket 4 before the ridges 7a are fitted into the socket apertures 5 as shown in FIG. 21. This reliably prevents the stopper 10 from being mounted improperly. FIGS. 8 to 19 show another embodiment, i.e., a stopper 10A having no engaging groove 10b in the outer periphery of its embracing portion 10a unlike the above embodiment. Like the stopper 10, the stopper 10A can be mounted on the socket 4 with good stability. Throughout the drawings showing the embodiments, like parts are designated by like reference numerals or symbols. Like the first embodiment, the stopper 10A can be mounted stably as will be described below in detail. As shown in FIG. 12, the engaging portions 7e of the opposed ridges 7a of the stopper 10A are engaged with the bridge portion 4c of the socket 4. The stopper is eventually mounted in place in the following manner in addition to the engagement of the engaging portions 7e of the ridges 7a . When the stopper 10A is to be mounted on the socket 4 as shown in FIGS. 16 to 19, the stopper embracing portion 10a comes into contact with the peripheral wall 4a of cylindrical portion 4A of the socket 4 and is elastically deformed by being pushed open by the wall 4a, with the opening width D of the opposite ends of the embracing portion 10a altered to a width d corresponding to the diameter of the cylindrical portion 4A. For the stopper to slip off from the mounted position, a force is needed to elastically deform the stopper embracing portion 10a from the width D to the width d corresponding to the diameter of the portion 4A as required for mounting. This eliminates the likelihood of the stopper slipping off, for example, owing to vibration. Furthermore, since the stopper embracing portion 10a assumes a form embracing the cylindrical portion 4A of the socket 4, the stopper in its entirety has an increased engagement allowance relative to the socket 4. FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of stopper for use in the pipe joint of the present invention. The stopper 13 has basically the same shape as the stopper 10 of the embodiment described, but the embracing portion 13a has a larger wall thickness than the embracing portion 10a of the stopper 10 and is made of nylon 66. The stopper 10 of FIG. 1 and the stopper 13 of FIG. 20 for use in the pipe joint of the invention, and stoppers of pipe joints of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 to be described below were tested for geometrical moment of insertia, displacement by the finite element method, tensile strength and durability. These tests will be described below. The pipe joint of Comparative Example 1 is a conventional one as previously described. The pipe joint of Comparative Example 1 has substantially the same construction except for the stopper which differs from the stoppers 10 and 13 of FIGS. 1 and 20. The pipe joint of Comprative Example 2 is another conventional one as previously described. The stoppers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are both made of nylon 66. The geometrical moment of inertia is relative to a widthwise load on the stopper. The displacement by the finite element method (FEM displacement) was evaluated as being satisfactory when up to 0.25 mm or as being unacceptable when exceeding 0.25 mm. For the tensile strength test, the pipes connected together by the pipe joint to be tested were pulled by a tensile strength tester in directions opposite to each other and checked for the separation of the pipes. In this case, the tensile strength required of the pipe joints of the type described was evaluated as being satisfactory when not lower than 725.5 N (74 kgf) or as being unacceptable when lower than this value. For the durability test, a fluid was forced into the pipes connected together by the pipe joint, repeatedly 150,000 times, and the joint was checked for fluid tightness and deformation. The joint was evaluated as being satisfactory when free of leakage of the fluid and deformation or as being unacceptable when developing at least one of these faults. The tests were conducted at a temperature of 120° C to simulate the internal temperature of the engine room of the motor vehicle during driving. The test conditions and results are listed in the following table, in which the blank circular mark means "satisfactory," and the cross mark "unacceptable." The test results given in the table reveal that the stopper 10 of FIG. 1 and the stopper 13 of FIG. 20 according to the invention are higher in geometrical moment of inertia, smaller in displacement, higher in tensile strength and more excellent in durability than the stoppers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. FIGS. 22 and 23 show a pipe joint of the invention as used for connecting an outlet pipe to the header of a motor vehicle condenser. Stated more specifically, a socket 16 is provided on the header 15 of a condenser 14, a stopper 18 is fitted in apertures 17 of the socket 16, and a spigot 21 having an annular projection 20 is provided on the connection end of an outlet pipe 19. The spigot 21 of the outlet pipe 19 is inserted in the socket 16 of the header 15 and fixed thereto by the stopper 18. As an assembling error preventing structure of the present embodiment, a protrusion 6A is formed externally on the socket 16 for the condenser 14. When the stopper 18 is to be mounted as oriented in a reverse direction, an assembling error preventing sleeve 18d of embracing portion 18a of the stopper 18 comes into contact with the protrusion provided externally on the socket 16. This reliably eliminates an error in mounting the stopper 18. FIGS. 24 and 25 show pipe joints of the invention as used for connecting a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe to the head of a receiver. More specifically, sockets 23a, 23b are provided respectively at a liquid inlet portion and a liquid outlet portion of the head 23 of a receiver 22, a stopper 25 is fitted in apertures 24 of each of the sockets 23a, 23b, spigots 28a, 28b having an annular projection 27a or 27b are provided at the connection ends of a liquid inlet pipe 26a and a liquid outlet pipe 26b, respectively, and the spigots 28a, 28b of the pipes arc inserted in the sockets 23a, 23b on the head 23 and fixed thereto each by the stopper 25. A protrusion 23A is formed externally on the sockets 23a, 23b at the inlet and outlet portions. When the stopper 25 is to be mounted as properly positioned, a sleeve 25a of smaller width on the stopper 25 does not come into contact with the protrusion 23A of the socket 23a (23b), so that the stopper can be installed in place. On the other hand, when the stopper 25 is to be mounted as oriented reversely, an assembly error preventing sleeve 25b of the stopper 25 comes into contact with the protrusion 23A of the socket 23a (23b). This prevents the stopper 25 from being mounted as oriented reversely. FIG. 26 shows pipe joints of the invention as used for piping for an expansion valve on an evaporator. In this case, the expansion valve 41 of the block type is provided with two sockets 42a, 42b, and spigots 43a, 43b are provided at the connection ends of two refrigerant transport pipes 46a, 46b to be joined to the sockets 42a, 42b, respectively. An inlet pipe 44a and an outlet pipe 44b are connected to the expansion valve 41 by a mount flange 45. Indicated at 48 in the drawing is a fastening bolt for the mount flange. When a stopper 40 is to be mounted in position as oriented reversely, an assembling error preventing sleeve 40a of the stopper 40 comes into contact with the block-type expansion valve 41, preventing mounting of the stopper 40. Thus, the expansion valve 41 itself serves as a protrusion for preventing the stopper 40 from being mounted as oriented reversely. FIG. 27 shows another embodiment of stopper for use in the pipe joint of the invention. Like the stopper 10 of the first embodiment, the embracing portion 29a of this stopper 29 is C-shaped and has a width larger than the distance L beteeen the two sides of the aperture 5 of the socket 4 which are perpendicular to the axis of the socket. However, the stopper 29 has circular-arc ridges 29b which are formed at one side edge of the embracing portion 29a on its inner surface. Thus, the stopper 29 has an assembling error preventing sleeve 29c only. FIG. 28 shows a protrusion of another type providing an assembly error preventing structure according to the invention. A socket 84 has a cylindrical portion 84A of small diameter positioned toward the forward end thereof, and a protrusion 86 in the form of a cylinder of large diameter formed at the base end of the small-diamter cylindrical portion 84A integrally therewith. With the exception of this feature, the structure is the same as in the first embodiment. The assembling error preventing structure of this embodiment has the same effect as in the first embodiment. When the stopper is to be mounted as oriented reversely, the error preventing sleeve of embracing portion of the stoppper comes into contact with the cylindrical protrusion 86 of large diameter provided on the socket 84, preventing mounting of the stopper. FIG. 29 shows a protrusion of another type according to the invention. A socket 94 formed with apertures 95 is in the form of a cylinder having a uniform diameter in its entirety, and the base end portion of the cylindrical socket 94 is locally provided with a protrusion 96 on the outer surface thereof. The structure is the same as in the first embodiment with the exception of this feature. When the stopper is to be mounted as oriented reversely, the error preventing sleeve of embracing portion of the stopper comes into contact with the local protrusion 96 on the socket 94 as in the foregoing embodiments, preventing mounting of the stopper. As a modification of the present embodiment, the local protrusion 96 may alternatively be formed on the outer surface of a forward end portion of the cylindrical socket 94. More specifically stated, the forward end portion of the cylindrical socket 94 beyond its apertures 95 is given a larger length, and the protrusion 96 is formed on this enlarged portion, while the assembling error preventing sleeve of the stopper is provided on the one side thereof opposite to its insertion side for receiving the pipe to be inserted. As a further modification of the present embodiment, the protrusion is provided in the form of a flange at the connection end of the socket in place of a local one.

Claims: A pipe joint comprising a pipe (11,19,26a,26b,46a,46b) having a spigot (3,21,28a,28b,43a,43b) formed with an annular projection (1,20,27a,27b) on the outer periphery of a base end portion thereof, a stopper (10,10A,13,18,25,29,40) having circular-arc ridges (7a,29b) each formed with a slope (7b) for guiding the annular projection (1,20,27a,27b) of the spigot (3,21,28a,28b,43a,43b) and an engaging face (7d) for enganging the annular projection (1,20,27a,27b), and a socket (4,16,23a,23b,42a,42b,84,94) having apertures (5,17,24,95) for the respective circular-arc ridges (7a,29b) of the stopper (10,10A,13,18,25,29,40) to fit in in an inwardly projecting state, characterized by an assembling error preventing sleeve (10d,18d,25b,29c,40a) formed on the stopper (10,10A,13,18,25,29,40) at one side of the circular-arc ridges (7a,29b) toward the pipe (11,19,26a,26b,46a,46b) to be inserted or at the other side thereof opposite to said side, and a protrusion externally provided on the socket (4,16,23a,23b,42a,42b,84,94) for the error preventing sleeve (10d,18d,25b,29c,40a) of the stopper to come into contact with when the stopper (10,10A,13,18,25,29,40) is to be mounted on the socket (4,16,23a,23b,42a,42b,84,94) with the slopes (7b) of the circular-arc ridges (7a,29b) oriented in a direction opposite to the pipe (11,19,26a,26b,46a,46b) to be inserted. A pipe joint as defined in claim 1 wherein the assembling error preventing sleeve (10d,18d,25b,29c,40a) of the stopper (10,10A,18) is C-shaped. A pipe joint as defined in claim 1 or 2 wherein the socket (4) has a cylindrical portion (4A) for mounting the stopper (10, 10A) thereon, and the protrusion is a rectangular parallelepiped having a contour larger than the outside diameter of the cylindrical portion (4A). A pipe joint as defined in claim 1 or 2 wherein the socket (84) has a cylindrical portion (84A) for mounting the stopper thereon, and the protrusion is a cylindrical portion (86) larger than the cylindrical portion (84A) in outside diameter. A pipe joint as defined in claim 1 or 2 wherein the protrusion (96) is locally formed on the outer surface of the socket (94). A pipe joint as defined in claim 5 wherein the protrusion (96) is provided on the socket at the pipe insertion side of the apertures (95) or at the opposite side thereof.

Inventors: INOUE KOICHI, OKUDA NOBUYUKI, SAITO MAKATO, SAKANE HIDETO, YAGI HISAYUKI, INOUE, KOICHI, OKUDA, NOBUYUKI, SAITO, MAKATO, SAKANE, HIDETO, YAGI, HISAYUKI, Sakane, Hideto, c/o K.K. Honda Gijutsu, Yagi, Hisayuki, c/o K.K. Honda Gijutsu
Applicants: SHOWA DENKO KK, SHOWA DENKO K.K.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: F16L37
IPC codes: F16L37