Apparatus for controlling the flow of a liquid dispenser

Abstract: A liquid cryogen dispenser 10 includes a consolidation means 20 adjacent its outlet 14 for causing gas contained in the liquid to consolidate into bubbles of sufficient buoyancy to cause them to rise to the surface of the liquid rather than be drawn through the outlet 14 where it can disrupt the smooth flow of liquid cryogen.

Description: The present invention relates to apparatus for calming the flow of liquid and relates particularly, but not exclusively, to apparatus for calming the flow of cryogenic liquids being dispensed from liquid dispensers used on bottle or canning lines. Presently known liquid cryogen dispensers include those described in GB2092552 and GB2251296, both of which include an insulated tank of liquid nitrogen provided with a valve on its inside bottom surface and an actuator linked for operating the valve as and when required. The actuator is operated at up to 1000 cycles per second so as to produce a stream of liquid droplets for directing into the mouth of bottles or cans. Each droplet is directed into the bottle or can and at least partially vaporises thereby to displace any air in the headspace and prevent oxidation of the product contained therein. Sometimes excess liquid nitrogen is directed into cans of beer before sealing and pressurises the can. In this instance some of the nitrogen dissolves into the beer and improves head retention. Commonly known as the "draught system". Vaporised nitrogen effectively pressurises the can thereby increasing its resistance to crushing or other external damage. From the above, it will be appreciated that it is extremely important to ensure that exactly the right amount of liquid nitrogen is dispensed into each bottle or can. Too little nitrogen could result in the structural integrity of the thin walled container being compromised or product oxidation taking place whilst too much nitrogen could cause excess internal pressure or excess frothing when the can is opened. It has been observed that the accuracy of such apparatus is greatly dependant upon the quality of the liquid being dispensed. The difference between the vaporising pressure of the liquid cryogen and the pressure at which it is stored within the tank results in small quantities of gas being held in solution. It is this gas which, when passed through the outlet, cause blockages and disrupts the steady flow of liquid to such an extent that the flow can be restricted or even stopped for short periods of time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid dispenser which reduces and possibly eliminates the problems associated with the above mentioned apparatus. Accordingly, the present invention provides a dispenser for dispensing drops or streams of cryogenic liquid comprising a vessel for holding cryogenic liquid and having an outlet orifice for allowing liquid cryogen to drain from said vessel, characterised by consolidation means, comprising an open-ended tube surrounding said outlet and extending away from said outlet such that an open end of the tube is positioned generally above said outlet, for causing gas dissolved in the liquid or bubbles held therein to combine into larger bubbles susceptible of removal from the region of the outlet orifice thereby to avoid bubbles and/or dissolved gas being passed to the outlet. Preferably, the consolidation means comprises a structure having a plurality of apertures for the passage of liquid therethrough and a plurality of structured portions upon which gas dissolved in the liquid or small bubbles coalesce thereby to form said larger bubbles. Conveniently the consolidation means may comprise a gauze having a hole size in the range of 20 microns to 100 microns and preferably 70 microns. The gauze may comprise a metal gauze. Alternatively, the consolidation means may comprise metal wool. The present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of a known liquid cryogen dispenser; Figures 2 and 3 are cross sectional views of liquid cryogen dispensers according to first and second aspects of the present invention. Referring briefly to Figure 1, a liquid cryogen dispenser 10 comprises an insulated tank 12 for containing said cryogen, an outlet 14 and a valve 16 associated with the outlet for controlling the flow rate of cryogen. An actuator, such as for example an electromagnetic actuator 18 is linked to the valve for initiating operation thereof. It will be appreciated that the valve and actuator may be of any suitable form and are therefore not described in detail herein. However the readers attention is drawn to our co-pending British Application Number 94137544 which provides a full description of a particularly suitable arrangement. In operation, the actuator is actuated at up to (and often beyond) 1000 cycles per minute and thereby causes a fine stream of drops of cryogen to be dispensed from outlet 14 for directing towards a bottle or can in a bottle or canning line (not shown). It has been observed that the liquid being dispensed can contain an undesirably large quantity of gas therein. The gas, when passed through the outlet 14, tends to cause blockages and disrupts the steady flow to such on extent that the flow can be restricted or even stopped for a short period of time. Any stoppage or restriction of flow will result in inaccurate or uneven quantities of cryogen being dispensed. Indeed, at high speeds, it is clearly possible that the apparatus would fail to dispense any cryogen at all into some of the bottles or cans. In an attempt to overcome the above mentioned problem the present invention provides the consolidation means 20 as shown in Figures 2 and 3. In the Figure 2 embodiment the consolidation means comprises a structure, such as for example a wire mesh or metal gauze, having a plurality of apertures 22 for the passage of liquid therethrough and a plurality of structural portions 24 upon which said gas is consolidated. The hole size may be in the range of 20 microns to 100 microns but is preferably about 70 microns. The consolidation means 20 takes the form of an open ended tube having one end placed over the outlet and the other end positioned thereabove so as to define a wall surrounding the outlet. Referring briefly to Figure 2, it will be seen that the consolidation means 20 comprises a tube of gauze or mesh having an open upper end 26 through which liquid cryogen is free to pass in large quantities. The gas in the liquid passing through 26 is attracted to the consolidation means in the above described manner but coalesces on the inner surface thereof. It has been found that covering hole 26 reduces the effectiveness of the consolidation means 20 as any bubbles formed on the inner surface are unable to escape and are drawn through the outlet 14. Clearly, the consolidation means 20 may comprise any one of a number of suitable materials such as, for example, steel wool as shown in Figure 3. The large number of interior cavities effectively acting as "low energy sites". In operation, liquid cryogen being drawn through outlet 14 will naturally pass through, or close to, the consolidation means 20. Large bubbles b within the liquid will be unable to pass therethrough and will begin to collect on the outer surface 26a where they remain until they combine with other bubbles and gain sufficient buoyancy to cause then to break away from the tube 20 and rise to the surface 30. Smaller bubbles might pass through the apertures 22 but are attracted to the non-wettable surface of the gauze/mesh and then combine in the same manner as described above. Dissolved gas is similarly attracted to the non-wettable surface and is taken out of solution and forms into bubbles b which are removed from the outlet in the manner already described. In essence, the consolidation means 20 acts as a "low energy site" that is to say a site which acts to attract bubbles/dissolved gas due to the energy imbalance between the bubble/dissolved gas and the surface of the consolidation means 20. Clearly, the more "sites" one provides the better and hence an open cellular structure or woven structure is particularly useful. The cavities or intricate passages in such structures also act to provide a physical restraint, effectively trapping the bubbles until they obtain sufficient buoyancy to break away and rise to the surface. Consolidation takes place on the inner and outer surfaces 24a, 24b respectively.

Claims: A dispenser (10) for dispensing drops of cryogenic liquid comprises a vessel (12) for holding cryogenic liquid and having an outlet orifice (14) for allowing liquid cryogen to drain from said vessel (12), characterised by consolidation means (20), comprising an open-ended tube surrounding said outlet (14) and extending away from said outlet (14) such that an open end of the tube is positioned generally above said outlet (14), for causing gas dissolved in the liquid or bubbles held therein to combine into larger bubbles susceptible of removal from the region of the outlet orifice (14) thereby to avoid bubbles (b) and/or dissolved gas being passed to the outlet (14). A dispenser as claimed in Claim 1 characterised in that said consolidation means (20) comprises a structure having a plurality of apertures (22) for the passage of liquid therethrough and a plurality of structural portions (24) upon which gas dissolved in the liquid or small bubbles (b) coalesce thereby to form said larger bubbles. A dispenser as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterised in that said consolidation means (20) comprises a gauze having a hole size in the range of 20 microns to 100 microns. A dispenser as claimed in Claim 3 characterised in that the consolidation means (20) has a hole size of 70 microns. A dispenser as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 characterised in that said consolidation means (20) comprises a metal gauze. A dispenser as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 characterised in that said consolidation means (20) comprises metal wool.

Inventors: WARDLE DAVID GRANT, WARDLE, DAVID GRANT
Applicants: BOC GROUP PLC, THE BOC GROUP PLC
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B65B31
IPC codes: B65B31, G01F13