Collapsible exercise machine with arm exercise

Abstract: A stand-up exercise machine has elongate pedal supports (50, 52) adapted to undergo cyclic motion under resistance or load, there also being a crank mechanism (54) connecting an upright support member (66, 68) providing optional arm exercise. The machine may be incorporated in a collapsible frame and allow for alternate modes of use resembling climbing and running actions.

Description: The present invention relates to an exercise apparatus that simulates running and climbing. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exercise machine having separately supported elongate pedals exhibiting programmed motion in conjunction with a collapsible frame and arm exercise. The benefits of regular exercise to improve overall health, appearance and longevity are well documented in the literature. For exercise enthusiasts the search continues for a safe apparatus that provides maximum benefit in minimum time which can be stowed when not in use. The sit down exercise cycle is the most commonly used apparatus today to elevate the heart rate and exercise some of the leg muscles. To achieve any significant benefit, however, an extensive amount of time is demanded to the user resulting in boredom. The Lifecycle, US Patent No 4,358,105 leads a popular trend to reduce the boredom of sit down cycling by offering programmed load resistance change over many minutes of cycling and a clever display to capture the attention of the user. However, the issues of extensive time, limited muscle usage and collapsibility for stowage are not fully addressed. In recent years, stair climbers have become very popular due to the higher loading possible with stand-up exercise as well as different muscles used compared to sit-down cycling. The Stairmaster US Patent No 4,708,338 is one of the most popular stair climbers allowing up and down independent parallel foot pedal movement with programmed load variation over multiple cycles as well as a clever display to hold the attention of the user. Other stairclimbers US Patent Nos 4,989,858 and 5,013,031 provide reciprocating foot motion but with non-parallel pedal control and differing load resistance systems. Another group of stair climbers US Patent Nos 4,687,195, 4,726,581 and 4,927,136 have moving stairs requiring the user to remove the foot from each stair after the down stroke. While this foot motion is more diverse than the reciprocating motion of most stair climbers, the issue of operator safety requires complex solutions for practical apparatus. Stand-up pedalling approaches the benefits of running to the cardiovascular system because a higher load resistance is possible over sit down cycling. Dr Cooper in his book entitled The Aerobics Program for Total Well-being by Dr Kenneth H Cooper, Bantam Books, New York, 1982 awards only half the benefit points to sit-down stationery cycling (page 260) over regular cycling which includes an equal amount of uphill and downhill course (page 255). Dr Cooper grades running better than regular cycling, but without the downhill rest inherent in regular cycling, it is certain that stand-up pedalling would be equivalent to running for cardiovascular benefits in less time. Stand-up cycling is described in various Patents such as US Patent No 3,563,541 (Sanquist) which uses weighted free pedals as load resistance and side to side twisting motion. Also US Patent Nos 4,519,603 and 4,477,072 by DeCloux describe stand-up cycling with free pedals in a lift mode to simulate body lifting after the lower dead centre pedal position to the other pedal in the higher position. A brake or clutch system is deployed to load or stop the lower pedal while the weight is transferred to the other pedal after the crank has passed through the dead centre position. All of these stand-up cycling Patents mentioned use free pedals which are free to rotate about one pivot point on the crank. Stand-up pedalling is safer when the free pedal is fully constrained to become a platform capable of providing body balance on one foot with minimal hand support. An attempt to stabilise the pedal using a linkage is shown by Boyd in US Patent No 1,323,004 with his mechanism for propelling bicycles. A lever is applied to the pedal to increase the mechanical advantage of the crank during the power stroke. The weight of the body is supported by the ball of the foot only and the lower most position of the pedal shows a severe incline (see Boyd Fig 3). Boyd does not address the pedal positions necessary for stand-up pedalling which simulate running. Geschwender in US Patent No 4,786,050 shows a stand-up exercise machine where elongate pedals are supported by double rotating cranks. The pedal portions shown in Figs 2 and 3 do not anticipate pedal inclines needed to simulate running or climbing. Parallel motion pedal constraint is shown in US Patent No 4,643,419 (Hyde) where pulleys of the same size are coupled with a belt or chain to maintain a pedal platform horizontal or parallel to a base through a rotatable cycle of motion. Parallel pedal motion using a parallelogram linkage is shown in US Patent No 4,708,338. Another popular stand-up exerciser is sold by Diversified Products of Opelika, Al as the DP Air Strider. The Air Strider provides a pedal platform constrained by two equal length cranks which are coupled by a chain riding on equal diameter sprockets giving parallel horizontal pedal motion similar to Hyde. While parallel platforms help stabilise the balance of the user, the heel of the foot raises from the platform during operation when the knee is bent in the upper positions of pedal platform movement. The ankle ligaments and particularly the Achilles tendon are subjected to excessive stress when the heel is raised forcing all weight on that leg to be supported by the ball of the foot. Eschenbach in US Patent No 5,279,529 shows three different linkages suitable for stand-up exercise that fully support the toe and heel of the foot throughout a 360 degree pedal cycle. Miller in US Patent No 5,242,343 shows several linkages for stand-up exercise where the elongate pedal has inclined reciprocating motion on the toe end of the pedal during a crank cycle. Neither Eschenbach nor Miller anticipate collapsibility of their stand-up exercise machines. Ruegsegger in US Patent No 3,475,021 shows a skier training device which has foldable pole handles that pivot about a base frame. However, the Ruegsegger device does not address a running or climbing pedal motion. Iams and Splane in US Patent No 5,038,758 show a collapsible framework useful for decompressing the spine and Hess in US Patent No 5,279,530 shows a collapsible framework for lower back rehabilitation exercise. Neither Iams and Spalne nor Hess address collapsibility for stand-up running or jogging exercise. Holzapfel in German Patent No 27 30892 shows a collapsible exercise machine to simulate a back and forth ski motion of the feet but does not address a framework for running or jogging exercise. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION There is a need for an exercise machine that can be used in the stand-up mode that provides a stable pedal platform which inclines as the knee is bent thus obviating the need to raise the heel off the pedal platform whereby unwanted stress is removed from the ankle ligaments and from the Achilles tendon. There is a further need to provide a stand-up exercise machine that provides arm exercise and can be collapsed when not in use for easy stowage where floor space is scarce as in small apartments or college dorms. The present invention relates to the kinematic motion control of elongated pedals which simulate running or climbing during operation and where the supporting frame is collapsible for easy stowage when not in use. More particularly, apparatus is provided that offers variable intensity exercise through a leg operated, cyclic motion mode of exercise in which the elongate pedal supporting each foot is guided through successive positions during the motion cycle while load resistance acts upon the crank mechanism. An exercise machine in accordance with the invention is defined in Claim 1 appended hereto and is distinguished from US-A-5242343 in that upright support means forming part of the apparatus is adjustable, adjustment means being provided for adjusting the position of said adjustable upright support means relative to a framework means; said adjustment means comprising: locking means operably associated with said adjustable upright support means and said framework means for setting said upright support means in any one of a plurality of positions relative to said framework means, whereby the position of pedal guide means operably associated with said upright support means varies with the position of the upright support means such that the position of pedal means operably associated with the pedal guide means varies with the position of the pedal guide means so as to change the angle between the pedal means and the horizontal, thereby giving the operator variable pedal motion. The apparatus includes a separate elongate pedal having several foot positions for each foot, each partially supported by a rotary crank which normally completes one full revolution during a cycle and is phased approximately 180 degrees relative to the crank for the other elongate pedal through a bearing journal attached to the framework. The elongate pedals are constructed to be adjustable in length to facilitate collapsibility and are supported on the other end by rocker arms which are rotatably attached to an upright support that folds about a base frame. The crank, elongate pedal and rocker arm form a four-bar linkage known in the literature as a crank-rocker mechanism where the elongate pedal is the coupler link. The rocker arms extend upward above the pivot located on the upright support member to provide optional arm exercise during the running mode where the feet are located nearer the rocker arms. The upright support can be moved to more than one position to accommodate the user in other modes. A movable handlebar is also pivotably attached to the upright support member to provide upper body balance during the climbing mode when the feet are located nearer the crank end of the elongate pedal. The feet rise higher in the climbing mode than in the running mode. The frame is made collapsible with the use of telescoping tubing being an integral part of the side support members. The frame is coupled using rotary joints whereby the crank journal housing is allowed to collapse when the tubing telescopes. Both elongate pedals become nearly parallel to the side support members after one pedal is shortened and the other lengthened to make the rocker arms generally parallel to the upright support member whereby the rocker arms and upright support member can be folded as an assembly about the base frame cross member. Load resistance is applied by a compact adjustable friction brake coupled to the crank and attached to the frame. It will be appreciated that this embodiment using a friction brake does not require the momentum of a flywheel to carry the pedals through the dead centre positions. When the crank is in the dead centre positions, the rocker arms are in the middle of their swing range so that the forces provided by the arms of the user upon the rocker arm extensions impinges upon the pedal acting upon the crank to push or pull the crank through the dead centre positions. Therefore, one-way clutches are not needed as a safety feature in this invention to prevent the flywheel motion from driving pedals when the user stops. With friction load resistance, the rotary crank stops almost immediately when the user discontinues the application of foot force. Without one-way clutches, the rotary crank can be driving in the reverse direction to exercise different muscles. In summary, the application of positive non-parallel elongate pedal position control affords the benefits of a safer stand-up exercise apparatus having low ankle/Achilles tendon stress compared to parallel platform control. A collapsible handlebar, rocker arms and frame allow easy stowage when not in use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig 1 is a right side elevation view of the preferred embodiment of an exercise machine constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig 2 is the front view of the preferred embodiment shown in Fig 1; Fig 3 is a top view of the preferred embodiment shown in Fig 1 in the collapsed position; Fig 4 is a side view of the preferred embodiment in the collapsed position shown in Fig 3; Fig 5 is a right side elevation view of the preferred embodiment shown with the feet of the user forward on the elongate pedal and crank in a dead centre position; Fig 6 is a right side elevation view of the preferred embodiment shown with the feet of the user rearward on the elongate pedal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawings in detail, elongate pedals 50 and 52 are shown in Figs 1 and 2 in the lowest and highest positions, respectively. Crank 54 is rotatably attached to pedal 50 by crank pin 58 while crank 56 is rotatably attached to pedal 52 by crank pin 60. Cranks 54 and 56 are connected by crankshaft journal 55 which is rotatably secured to bearing housing 83. Elongate pedals 50 and 52 are covered with non-slip material to ensure foot contact and have hollow pedal supports 51 and 53, respectively, attached under the pedals 50 and 52. Rod pedal supports 55 and 57 are telescopically connected to the hollow pedal supports 51 and 53 and secured by locking screws 61 and 63 respectively. Rocker arms 47 and 49 are rotatably attached to rod pedal supports 55 and 57 with pin bushings 62 and 64 and rotatably attached to the upright support cross members 109 and 107 by pin bushings 67 and 69 respectively. Rocker arms 47 and 49 are extended upward beyond pin bushings 67 and 69 to provide arm exercise as rocker arm extensions 66 and 68. Upright support cross members 109 and 107 are welded to a smaller concentric tube 113 (not shown). Handlebar 106 is welded to tubing 104 which is welded to handle pivot tubing 111. Handle pivot 111 is pivotally attached to the smaller concentric tube 113. Tab 119 is welded to pivot tubing 111 and normally is in contact with stop block 115 for hand support or with stop block 117 when rocker arm extensions 66 and 68 are used for arm exercise and handle 106 is moved out of the way to position 59. Upright support tubing 103 and 105 are welded to upright cross member supports 109 and 107 on one end welded to base cross member supports 77 and 75 respectively, on other end. Base cross member supports 77 and 75 are pivotally mounted on a smaller concentric tubing 73 (not shown). The upright supports 103 and 105 are held generally vertical during operation by upright support brace 87 which is pivotally attached 81 and 85 to the upright support members 103 and 105 on one end and secured to crank support tubing 80 by locking screws 101 and 102 on the other end during operation. Additional locking screw positions 99 on crank support tubing 80 allow the upright supports 103 and 105 relocation to other positions. Side support tubing 70 is welded to tubing 78 and telescopically connected to smaller tubing 94 which is welded to tubing 90. Similarly, side support tubing 72 is welded to tubing 74 and telescopically connected to smaller tubing 96 which is welded to tube 92. Frame tubing 90 and 92 shown in Fig 3 are welded to a smaller diameter concentric tubing 98 while frame tubing 74 and 78 are welded to a similar smaller concentric tubing 73 (not shown). Tubing 76 is welded to frame tubing 80 but is free to rotate about concentric tube 73. Tubing 88 is welded to tube 84 and is also free to rotate about concentric tubing 98. Frame member 80 is welded to bearing housing 83 which is rotatably connected to frame tubing 84 at bolt joint 82. Foot position 40 and 42 are forward on elongate pedals 50 and 52 adjacent rockers 47 and 49 for the running mode shown in Fig 5. The heel h of the foot traverses the curve 46 while the toe t traverses the path 44. H1 measures the height of the heel curve perpendicular to the elongate pedal in the lower most position while T1 measures the height of the toe curve in the same way. Handle 106 is not in use as position 59. Foot positions 30 and 32 are rearward on elongate pedals 50 and 52 adjacent cranks 54 and 56 for the climbing mode shown in Fig 6. The heel h of the foot traverses the curve 36 while the toe t of the foot traverses the curve 34. H2 and T2 measure the curve heights respectively. The handle 106 is in use for the climbing mode. Note that H2 is greater in length than H1 and T2 is greater in length then T1. Further, H is greater in length than T for both foot positions. Referring again to Fig 5, the force Fa exerted by the hand of the user is shown acting upon rocker arm extension 66 causing a torque about pivot 67 whereby this torque provides a force in the opposite direction in rocker arm 47 acting upon elongate pedal pivot 62 resulting in elongate pedal 50 providing force Fc impinging upon crank pivot 58 acting generally perpendicular to crank 54. The force Fc provides a torque upon the crank causing the crank 54 to move through the dead centre position with the same general speed as in other positions. Rocker arm extension 68 acts upon crank 56 in a similar manner. To collapse the exercise machine, pedals 50 and 52 are made generally parallel to cranks 54 and 56. Pedal locking screws 61 and 63 are loosened allowing rod pedal support 55 to slide into hollow pedal support 51 while rod pedal support 57 extends outward from hollow pedal support 53 allowing rocker arms 47 and 49 to become parallel with upright supports 103 and 105. It should be understood that rod pedal supports 55 and 57 can exchange roles depending upon the position of cranks 54 and 56. Next, the baseframe is collapsed by loosening the frame locking screws 95 and 100 from tubes 94 and 96 allowing these tubes to telescopically extend outwardly from side support tubes 70 and 72. Tube 76 rotates on concentric tube 73, tube 88 rotates on concentric tube 98 while tube 84 rotates about bolt joint 82. Next, the upright supports 103 and 105 and rocker arms 47 and 49 are made ready to fold by loosening the upright support brace locking screws 102 and 101, rotating upright support brace 87 about pivots 81 and 85 to become generally parallel to upright supports 103 and 105. The upright supports 103 and 105 and rocker arms 47 and 49 are then pivoted about concentric tube 73 until the assembly becomes generally parallel to side supports 70 and 72. Handle 106 and handle support 104 pivot at the cross member 111 about concentric tube 113 until both are generally parallel with side supports 70 and 72. Brake drum 110 is fixed to crankshaft 55 and rotates with cranks 54 and 56. Brake band 108 is concentric to brake drum 110 and is attached at one end to frame 80 by bolt 117 which is common to spring stop 118. The other end of brake band 108 is connected to a threaded nut 114 by bolt 12. Nut 114 is connected to spring stop 118 by threaded rod 116 which has load adjustment knob 122 attached. Load spring 120 is concentric with rod 116 and compressed between knob 122 and spring stop 118. Clockwise rotation of knob 120 will increase spring compression to cause the brake band 108 to experience a closing force creating a frictional load on brake drum 110 as it rotates. The collapsed exercise machine is shown in Figs 3 and 4 where frame tubes 80 and 84 are nearly parallel with side supports 70 and 72. Cranks pins 58 and 60 are in contact with side supports 70 and 72 while telescoping tubes 94 and 96 are fully extended. Rocker arms 47 and 49 as well as rocker arm extensions 66 and 68 are in contact with and generally parallel to pedals 50 and 52. Handlebar support 104 is in contact with bearing housing 83 and generally parallel to side supports 70 and 72. Set-up of the exercise machine is essentially the reverse steps of the collapse procedure. The brake adjustment knob 122 and frame supports 130 and 132 define the space D containing all of the folded machine exercise machine. Floor support for the exercise machine is through rubber wheels 124 and 128 rotatably attached to tubing 73 and rubber supports 130 and 132 concentric with tubes 90 and 92. The collapsed machine is easily rolled about the apartment and under a bed with wheels 124 and 128 when tubes 90 and 92 are used as a handle.

Claims: An exercise machine comprising: a framework means; an upright support means (87,103,105) connected to said framework means; a pedal guide means (47,49) operably associated with said upright support means (103,105); a crankshaft bearing housing means (83) connected to said framework means and having a crank means (54,56) projecting outwardly therefrom on both sides thereof; and a pedal means (50,52) rotatably connected to the end of each crank means (54,56) being operably associated with said pedal guide means (47,49) when a foot of a user is rotating said crank means (54,56) during a pedal cycle; characterised in that : said upright support means (87,103,105) is adjustable, adjustment means (99,101,102) being provided for adjusting the position of said adjustable upright support means (87,103,105) relative to said framework means; said adjustment means comprising: locking means (101,102) operably associated with said adjustable upright support means (87,103,105) and said framework means for setting said upright support means (87,103,105) in any one of a plurality of positions relative to said framework means, whereby the position of the pedal guide means (47,49) operably associated with said upright support means (103,105) varies with the position of the upright support means (87,103,105), such that the position of the pedal means (50,52) operably associated with the pedal guide means (47,49) varies with the position of the pedal guide means (47,49) so as to change the angle between the pedal means (50,52) and the horizontal, thereby giving the operator variable pedal motion. An exercise machine according to Claim 1 wherein said pedal means (50, 52) has a pedal adjustable length means whereby a first pedal support means (51, 53) is operably associated with a second pedal support means (55, 57) to have adjustable distance between pedal support pivots (58, 62 and 60, 64). An exercise machine according to Claim 2, wherein said pedal adjustable length means comprises a hollow first pedal support means (51, 53) and a rod second pedal support means (55, 57) telescoped within said hollow first pedal support means (51, 53). An exercise machine according to Claim 2 or Claim 3 wherein said first pedal support means (51, 53) is connected to the end of each crank means (54, 56), said second pedal support means (55, 57) being operably associated with said pedal guide means (47, 49) to allow said pedal means (50, 52) to move relative to said upright support means (87, 101, 102, 103 and 105) when the foot of the user is rotating said crank means (54, 56). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the framework means includes an adjustable support means (70, 94, 95 and 72, 96, 100). An exercise machine according to Claim 5 wherein said crankshaft bearing housing means (83) has a first crankshaft bearing housing position and a second crankshaft bearing housing position whereby the angle between said elongate pedal means (50, 52) and the horizontal is generally different for each crankshaft bearing housing position when said adjustable support means (70, 94, 95 and 72, 96, 100) is adjusted. An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said pedal means comprises an elongate pedal means (50, 52) rotatably connected to the end of each crank means (54, 56) being operably associated with said framework means when the foot of a user is rotating said crank means (54, 56) during a pedal cycle. An exercise machine according to any preceding Claim, said pedal means (50, 52) having pedal positions whereby the heel of the foot remains generally in contact with said pedal means (50, 52) during the downward movement of said pedal cycle. An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said exercise machine further includes a handle means comprising a support member (104) attached to a hand grip (106) at one end and pivotally attached to said upright support means (87, 101, 102, 103 and 105). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said pedal means (50, 52) further comprises an elongate pedal foot surface (50, 52) having several foot positions (30, 32 and 40, 42). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said pedal guide means (47, 49) comprises a rocker means (47, 49, 62, 64) rotatably attached to said pedal means (50, 52) and rotatably attached to said upright support means (87, 101, 102, 103 and 105) whereby said rocker means (47, 49) extends upward (66, 68) to provide arm exercise. An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said pedal guide means (47, 49) further comprises a support means (66,68) which extends upward to provide arm exercise at different lengths as determined by an adjustment means. An exercise machine according to Claim 12, wherein said support means (66,68) is operably associated with said pedal means (51,55,61). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said pedal means (50, 52) further comprises an adjustment means (51, 55, 61 and 53, 55, 63) to vary the distance between pedal pivots (58, 62 and 60, 64). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said framework means further comprises an adjustment means (70, 94, 95 and 72, 96, 100) whereby the position of said crankshaft bearing housing means (83) can be changed to vary the angle between said pedal means (50, 52) and the horizontal. An exercise machine according to Claim 7 or any one of Claims 8 to 15 when dependent from Claim 7 which further comprises a pedal support means (47, 49) rotatably attached to said elongate pedal means (50, 52) and attached to said framework means whereby the pedal support means (47, 49) extends upward to provide arm exercise (66, 68). An exercise machine according to any one of Claims 2 to 4 or any one of Claims 5 to 16 when dependent from any one of Claims 2 to 4 wherein said pedal support means (51, 53) further comprises an adjustment means (55, 61 and 57, 63) whereby the position of said pedal support means (51, 53) can be changed to vary the angle between said elongate pedal means (50, 52) and the horizontal. An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims further comprising handle means (106) for each hand of the operator. An exercise machine according to Claim 18 wherein said handle means (106) are movable. An exercise machine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said exercise machine is collapsible. An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims which further comprises a load resistance means (108, 118, 120, 122). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims further comprising a flywheel means (110). An exercise machine according to any one preceding claim, wherein said pedal guide means (47,49) has at least one pivot point (62,64) that follows a curvilinear path. An exercise machine according to any one preceding claim wherein a longitudinally central portion of said pedal means (50,52) follows a substantially elliptical curve path (34,46) when the foot of the operator rotates said crank means (54,56). An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein said upright support means (87,103,105) is adjustable to facilitate storage of said exercise machine. An exercise machine according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein said locking means comprises locking screws (101, 102) by means of which said upright support means (87) is connected to said framework at one of a plurality of positions (99) on said framework.

Inventors: ESCHENBACH PAUL W, ESCHENBACH, PAUL W.
Applicants: ESCHENBACH PAUL W, ESCHENBACH, PAUL W.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: A63B23
IPC codes: A63B23