Water based recording ink

Abstract: A recording ink comprising: water; a colouring agent; and a water soluble co-solvent having a molecular weight lower than 1,000; wherein the recording ink has a viscosity greater than 5 mPa.s (5 cps) at 25°C can be used to produce a printed image.

Description: The present invention relates to a recording ink containing at least water and a coloring agent. As the ink used for an ink jet recording method, inks comprising various kinds of dyes dissolved in water or a solvent composed of water and a water-soluble solvent, and various kinds of additives added thereto as required (such inks are hereinafter referred to as dye inks) have been used predominantly, as disclosed, for example, in JP-A-63-51485, JP-A-63-56575, and JP-A-1-198671. However, when the dye ink is used for printing, it results in problems such as insufficient water-fastness and light-fastness of recorded images on a recording medium. In view of the above, application of an ink using a pigment such as carbon black or Diazo Yellow as a coloring agent in place of the dye has been proposed to improve the problems of the dye inks with respect to water-fastness and light-fastness of recorded images. For example, see JP-A-57-10660, JP-A-57-10661, U.S. Pat. 4,597,794 (JP-A-1-15542), U.S. Pat. 5,160,370, U.S. Pat. 5,229,786 (JP-A-2-255875) and JP-A-2-276876. Since the pigment ink adheres to a recording medium such as paper by using a resin or the like, the pigment ink is superior in water-fastness to the dye ink. Further, since the pigment is less reactive to light compared with the dye, the pigment ink is superior in light-fastness to the dye ink. In an ink jet recording system, recording is conducted by filling extremely narrow channel with an ink and ejecting ink droplets through a nozzle at the top end of the channel by instantaneously applying a physical force to the channel and depositing the droplets on a recording medium such as paper. Accordingly, a low viscosity ink is required for easy flow of the ink through the narrow channel. In the case of an aqueous ink, water is evaporated in the nozzle, which can cause a coloring agent to remain in, and sometimes clog the nozzle, and thereby make recording impossible. A water soluble solvent of low volatility is usually added in an effort to prevent clogging in the nozzle, and an ink having a viscosity of 1 to 3 centipoises (cps) at 25 °C has been used. When ink jet recording is conducted by using an ink having a low viscosity of 1 to 3 cps at 25 °C , the energy required for jetting can be reduced. However, this in turn results in a tendency for splashing to occur on jetting the ink through the nozzle, thus causing a deterioration in the print quality. Splash means a phenomenon where a plurality of ink droplets are jetted in various directions from the nozzle. EP-A-0 745 651 discloses an ink composition comprising a water-insoluble colorant which is a dye or pigment, a water-soluble organic solvent, and water, the ink composition being substantially free of any dispersant. GB-A-2 070 049 discloses an ink composition suitable for use in ink-jet recording, which comprises a water-soluble acid or direct dye and a polyethylene glycol. GB-A-2 071 130 discloses an ink composition suitable for use in ink-jet recording which comprises a water-soluble acid dye or direct dye and a polyhydric alcohol in aqueous solution. EP-A-0 211 278 discloses a recording liquid comprising water, a recording agent and a water-soluble organic solvent. The present invention has been proposed in order to overcome the foregoing problems, and it is an object of the invention to provide a recording ink which improves print quality. The foregoing object can be attained in accordance with the present invention with a recording ink comprising at least water, a pigment, a dispersant suitable for dispersing the pigment in water, and a water-soluble co-solvent having a molecular weight of less than 1,000, preferably less than 800, and a viscosity at 25°C of more than 5 cps and, for example, less than 100 cps, preferably less than 20 cps. In the recording ink according to the present invention having the foregoing constitution, since the ink contains a water-soluble co-solvent material having a molecular weight of less than 1,000 and a viscosity at 25 °C of more than 5 cps and less than, for example, 100 cps, preferably less than 20 cps, the energy required for jetting the ink can be reduced and the splashing phenomenon can be prevented so as to improve the print quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, water is preferably used as the solvent because it has low viscosity and excellent safety, it is easily handled, available at low cost and free from odors. Water is contained in the ink in an amount of from, for example, 35 to 80% by weight, preferably 45 to 70% by weight, based on the entire ink. The pigment is contained in the ink within a range of from, for example, 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, based on the entire ink. As the pigment, for black- and white-image recording there can be used, for example, carbon blacks such as furnace black, lamp black, acetylene black and channel black, metal oxides such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide or organic pigments such as orthonitroaniline black. Further, for color image recording, there can be used, for example, Toluidine Red, Permanent Carmine FB, Fast Yellow AAA, Disazo Orange PMP, Lake Red C, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Phthalocyanine Blue, quinacridone red, Dioxane Violet, Victoria Pure Blue, Alkali Blue Toner, Fast Yellow 10G, Disazo Yellow AAOT, Disazo Yellow AAMX, Disazo Yellow HR, Disazo Yellow AAOA, yellow iron oxide, orthonitroaniline orange, Dinitroaniline Orange, Vulcan Orange, Toluidine Red, chlorinated Para Red, Brilliant First Scarlet, Naphthol Red 23, Pyrazolone Red, barium red 2B, calcium red 2B, strontium red 2B, manganese red 2B, Barium Lithom Red, Pigment Scarlet 3B Lake, Lake Bordeaux 10B, Anthocyne 3B Lake, Anthocyne 5B Lake, Rhodamine 6G Lake, eosine lake, red iron oxide, Faphtol Red FGR, Rhodamine B Lake, Methyl Violet Lake, dioxazine violet, Basic Blue 5B Lake, Basic Blue 6G Lake, Fast Sky Blue, Alkali Blue R Toner, Peacock Blue Lake, prussian blue, ultramarine, Reflex Blue 2G, Reflex Blue R, Brilliant Green Lake, Diamond Green Thio-flavine Lake, Phthalocyanine Green G, Green Gold, Phthalocyanine Green Y, iron oxide powder, rust powder, zinc flower, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, clay, barium sulfate, alumina, alumina white, aluminum, bronze, daylight fluorescent pigment, pearl pigment, Naphthol Carmine FB, Naphthol Red M, Fast Yellow G, Disazo Yellow AAA, Alkali Blue G Toner, as well as processed pigments such as, for example, graft carbon, in which the surface of the pigments is coated with a resin or the like. A dispersant is required for dispersing the pigment in water. The dispersant is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, nonionic surface active agents such as polyoxyethylenes, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl amines, alkylalkanol amides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters or glycerin fatty acid esters, and anionic surface active agents which are fatty acid salts, higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, sulfates of aliphatic amines and amides, aliphatic alcohol phosphate esters, sulfonates of dibasic fatty acid esters, aliphatic amide sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates and naphthalene sulfonic acid - formalin condensates. As the water soluble co-solvent material having a molecular weight of less than 1,000, preferably less than 800, a material having an effect of increasing the viscosity is effective. The water-soluble co-solvent material is selected from glycols such as ethylene glycol diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof; polyglycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol ethylene glycol - propylene glycol copolymer or mixtures thereof; or glycerin, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones methylcellulose and mixtures thereof. The water soluble co-solvent is contained in the ink from, for example, 20 to 65% by weight, preferably 25 to 55% by weight, based on the entire ink. In the recording ink according to the present invention, a solvent of high boiling point can optionally be added to improve the capability of the ink in preventing the nozzle from clogging. Such high boiling solvents include, for example, glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerin, and nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine. Some water soluble co-solvents having a molecular weight less than 1,000 may also function as the high boiling point solvent to prevent the nozzle from clogging. For example, if the water soluble co-solvent with a molecular weight of less than 1,000 is a glycol, it can function to both increase the viscosity of the ink and prevent clogging of the ink jet nozzle so that an additional high boiling point solvent may not be necessary. Where the water soluble co-solvent having a molecular weight less than 1,000 is a material that does not also have an effect of preventing clogging of the ink jet nozzle, for example a polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or methylcellulose, a high boiling point solvent is preferably added. In addition, surface tension controllers, pH controllers, anti-mold agents or penetrating agents may optionally be used in the recording ink. For instance, the surface tension controller, if present, may be present from, for example, 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the entire ink. The pH controller, if present, may be present from, for example, 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the entire ink, and the anti-mold agent, if present, may be present from, for example, 0.001 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, based on the entire ink. The penetrating agent, if present, may be present from, for example, 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the entire ink. The recording ink should have a viscosity at 25°C of greater than 5 cps, preferably from 5 to 100 cps, more preferably from 8 to 20 cps. Examples of the present invention and comparative examples are shown below. Comparative Example 1 Water 48 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 49 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 5.7 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 2 Water 88 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 1.4 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 3 Water 48 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Diethylene glycol (molecular weight: 106) 50 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 5.3 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 4 Water 88 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Diethylene glycol (molecular weight: 106) 10 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 1.4 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 5 Water 53 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 200) 35 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 6.8 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 6 Water 58 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 400) 30 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 5.5 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 7 Water 63 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 600) 25 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 5.3 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 8 Water 68 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 1000) 20 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 6.0 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 9 Water 73 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 15 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 1450) 15 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 6.4 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 10 Water 78 wt% Dye (C.I. Direct Black 154) 2 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 9 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 2000) 10 wt% Penetrating agent (polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen A-90, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 1 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 6.8 cps (25°C). Example 1 Water 49 wt% Pigment (Carbon Black: Printex 150T manufactured by Degussa) 5 wt% Dispersant (Demol N, Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid - formalin condensation product, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 3 wt% Glycerin (molecular weight: 92) 40 wt% Permeation agent (ethanol) 3 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 5.8 cps (25°C). Comparative Example 11 Water 81 wt% Pigment (Carbon Black: Printex 150T manufactured by Degussa) 5 wt% Dispersant (Demol N, Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid - formalin condensation product, manufactured by Kao Corp.) 3 wt% Polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight: 2000) 8 wt% Permeation agent (ethanol) 3 wt% The materials are stirred and mixed to obtain a recording ink having a viscosity of 5.6 cps (25°C). Printing tests are conducted for the recording inks in the examples and comparative examples using a shearing mode type ink jetting device disclosed in JP-A-2-150355. Evaluation is made for the minimum voltage required for jetting and the print quality and the results are shown in Table 1. Minimum voltage required for jetting (V) Print quality Comparative Example 1 25.4 good Comparative Example 2 25.2 remarkable splash Comparative Example 3 25.5 good Comparative Example 4 25.4 remarkable splash Comparative Example 5 26.3 good Comparative Example 6 25.3 good Comparative Example 7 25.2 good Comparative Example 8 25.8 good Comparative Example 9 29.5 good Comparative Example 10 30.7 good Example 1 26.4 good Comparative Example 11 31.2 good For the recording inks in Example 1 and comparative Examples 1, and Comparative Example 1, 3 and 5-8, the minimum voltage required for jetting is about 26 V and the print quality is good. In the recording inks for Comparative Examples 2 and 4, the minimum voltage required for jetting is substantially the same as that in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 5-8, but the splash is remarkable and the print quality is poor. In the recording ink in Comparative Examples 9, 10 and 11, although the print quality is good, the minimum voltage required for jetting is about 30 V, an approximate increase in voltage of 15%, so that more electric power is consumed and the energy efficiency is poor compared with Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 5-8. As explained above, since the recording inks in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 5 - 8 contain the water soluble co-solvent having a molecular weight of less than 1,000 and the inks have a viscosity at 25°C of higher than 5 cps and preferably lower than, for example, 100 cps, more preferably lower than 20 cps, they require less energy for the jetting of the ink and prevent splashing to provide good print quality. Further, the recording inks in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 5-8 cause less drying in the nozzles and can be jetted satisfactorily. Further, since the recording ink in Example 1 uses a pigment, it is superior in water fastness and light fastness compared to the recording inks using dyes in Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 5 - 8.

Claims: A recording ink comprising: water; a pigment and a dispersant suitable for dispersing the pigment in water, the dispersant being selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, non-ionic surface active agents, and anionic surface active agents which are fatty acid salts, higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, sulfates of aliphatic amines and amides, aliphatic alcohol phosphate esters, sulfonates of dibasic fatty acid esters, aliphatic amide sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates and naphthalene sulfonic acid-formalin condensates; and a water-soluble co-solvent having a molecular weight lower than 1,000 selected from glycerin, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, methylcellulose and mixtures thereof, glycols and polyglycols; wherein the recording ink has a viscosity greater than 5 mPa.s (5 cps) at 25°C. An ink according to claim 1, wherein the glycol is selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof. An ink according to claim 1, wherein the polyglycol is selected from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolymer of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol and mixtures thereof. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims having a viscosity of from 5 to 100 mPa.s (5 to 100 cps) at 25°C. An ink according to claim 4, having a viscosity of from 8 to 20 mPa.s (8 to 20 cps) at 25°C. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims containing water in an amount of from 35 to 80% by weight based on the ink. An ink according to claim 6, containing water in an amount of from 45 to 70% by weight based on the ink. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the pigment is present in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight based on the ink. An ink according to claim 8, wherein the pigment is present in an amount of from 2 to 10% by weight based on the ink. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the water soluble co-solvent is present in an amount of from 20 to 65% by weight based on the ink. An ink according to claim 10, wherein the water soluble co-solvent is present in an amount of from 25 to 55% by weight based on the ink. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims further comprising a high boiling point solvent. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims further comprising at least one selected from surface tension controllers, pH controllers, anti-mold agents and penetrating agents. An ink according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nonionic surface active agent is selected from polyoxyethylenes, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl amines, alkylalkanol amides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters and glycerin fatty acid esters. A method of producing a printed image which method comprises jetting a recording ink as defined in any one of the preceding claims through an ink jet nozzle onto a recording medium.

Inventors: HIGASHIYAMA SHUNICHI, HIGASHIYAMA, SHUNICHI
Applicants: BROTHER IND LTD, BROTHER KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1995
Main classification: C09D11
IPC codes: C09D11, B41J2