PROMOTER SEQUENCE FROM POTATO

Abstract: A promoter is described that is capable of expressing a GOI in at least any one of root, tuber, sprout and tuber tissue of a dicot plant. In particular, the promoter is a promoter for alpha-amylase.

Description: Promoter Sequence From Potato The present invention relates to a promoter, including a construct and an expression vector comprising the same and a transformed cell comprising the same. In addition the present invention relates to a plant comprising the same. It is known that it is desirable to direct expression of a gene of interest ("GOI") in certain tissues of an organism - such as a plant. For example, it may be desirable to produce crop protein products with an optimised amino acid composition and so increase the nutritive value of the crop. It may even be desirable to use the crop to express non-plant genes such as genes for mammalian products. Examples of the latter products include interferons, insulin, blood factors and plasminogen activators. However, whilst it may be desirable to achieve expression of a GOI in certain tissues it is sometimes important (if not necessary) to ensure that the GOI is not expressed in other tissues in such a manner that detrimental effects may occur. Moreover, it is important not to upset the normal metabolism of the organism to such an extent that detrimental effects occur. For example, a disturbance in the normal metabolism in a plant's leaf or root tip could lead to stunted growth of the plant. CA-A-2006454 describes a DNA sequence of an expression cassette in which the potato tuber specific regulatory regions are localised. The expression cassette contains a patatin-gene with a patatin-gene promoter. The DNA sequence is transferred into a plant genome using agrobacteria. According to CA-A-2006454, the DNA sequence enables heterologous products to be prepared in crops. One of the key plant enzymes is α-amylase. -amylase participates in the pathway responsible for the breakdown of starch to reducing sugars in potato tubers. Genes coding for α-amylase in potato plants have been isolated and characterised. For example, see the teachings in EP-B-0470145. In brief, α-amylase is encoded by a gene family consisting of at least 5 individual genes. Based on their homology the genes can be divided into two subfamilies - one of which is the type 3 amylase(s), the other of which is the type 1 amylase(s). The two groups of α-amylases are expressed differently, not only on the molecular level but also in different tissues of the potato plant. In this regard, type 3 α-amylases are expressed in root, in tubers, in sprouts and in stem tissue; whereas type 1 α-amylases are expressed in sprout and stem tissues, but not in tubers. The present invention seeks to provide a plant promoter that is capable of directing the expression of a gene of interest in specific tissues, or in just a specific tissue, of an organism, typically a plant. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solarium tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof. A restriction map of the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solarium tuberosum is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 8 - which are discussed later. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solatium tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof but wherein at least a part of the promoter is inactivated. According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising at least the nucleotide sequence shown as Seq.I.D. No. 1 or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising the nucleotide sequence of any of one of the sequences shown as Seq.I.D.No.s 4 - 17, preferably any of one of the sequences shown as Seq.I.D.No.s 4 - 16, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5. Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solarium tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof, but wherein at least the nucleotide sequence shown as Seq.I.D. No. 1 is inactivated. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5. Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solatium tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof, but wherein at least any of one of the sequences shown as Seq.I.D.No.s 2 - 16 is inactivated. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a construct comprising the promoter according to the present invention fused to a GOI. According to an eighth aspect of the present invention there is provided an expression vector comprising the promoter according to the present invention. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention there is provided a transformation vector comprising the promoter according to the present invention. According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a transformed cell comprising the promoter according to the present invention. According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a transgenic organism comprising the promoter according to the present invention. According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of the promoter according to the present invention as a cold inducible promoter. According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a construct comprising the promoter of the present invention and a nucleotide sequence coding for anti-sense alpha-amylase. According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a promoter according to the present invention for expressing a GOI in tuber and/or sprout and/or root and/or stem of a plant, preferably in just or at least tuber of a plant. Other aspects of the present invention include methods of expressing or transforming any one of the expression vector, the transformation vector, the transformed cell, including in situ expression within the transgenic organism, as well as the products thereof. Additional aspects of the present invention include uses of the promoters for expressing GOIs in vitro (e.g. in culture media such as a broth) and in vivo (e.g. in a transgenic organism). Preferably, in any one of the expression vector, the transformation vector, the transformed cell or the transgenic organism the promoter is present in combination with at least one GOI. Preferably the transformation vector is derived from agrobacterium. Preferably the promoter is stably incorporated within the transgenic organism's genome. Preferably the transgenic organism is a plant. Preferably the plant is a dicot plant. More preferably, the plant is a potato plant. An advantage of the present invention is that a promoter corresponding to the 5.5. Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum is able to direct expression of a GOI in any one of root, tuber, sprout and stem tissue of a dicot, for example, a potato. The same is true for the variant, homologue or fragment thereof. Further surprising however is the fact that at least a part of the promoter sequence can be inactivated (e.g. truncated) and it can still express a GOI. More surprising is the fact that the partially inactivated (e.g. truncated) promoter sequences can direct expression of a GOI in one or more specific tissues, such as just tuber tissue, rather than in combination of root, tuber, sprout and stem tissues. In this regard, it was found that modified promoters corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum containing inactivated nucleotide sequences upstream (i.e. towards the 5' end) of position -691 with reference to Figure 3 do not yield expression in any one of root, tuber, sprout or stem tissue. Examples of such modified promoters include modified promoters containing only nucleotide sequences downstream of position -692, such as the promoter sequences SEQ. I.D. No.s 2-3. However, it was found that promoters corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum containing inactivated nucleotide sequences upstream of position -1535 (with reference to Figure 3) yield expression only in tuber tissue. Examples of these types of promoters include those that contain only nucleotide sequences downstream of position -1535 but wherein they contain at least nucleotide sequences upstream of -691 (with reference to Figure 3), such as the promoter sequences SEQ. I.D. No.s 4-17, in particular SEQ. I.D. No.s 6-17, more in particular SEQ. I.D. No.s 6-16. Moreover, it was found with the last type of promoters that if those promoters contained at least Seq. I.D. No. 1 high expression yields were observed in tuber tissue. Thus preferred examples of promoter sequences for tuber specific expression of a GOI containing at least the sequence shown as Seq. I.D. 1 include those sequences shown as Seq. I.D. No.s 4 - 17, more preferably those sequences shown as Seq. I.D. No.s 6-17, even more preferably those sequences shown as Seq. I.D. No.s 6-16. Furthermore, it was found that promoters corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum containing inactivated nucleotide sequences downstream of position -1535 (with reference to Figure 3) yield expression in root and/or sprout and/or stem tissue. Examples of these types of promoters include those that contain only nucleotide sequences upstream of position -1535 (with reference to Figure 3). Moreover, it was found that promoters corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum containing an inactive Seq. I.D. No. 1 yield expression only in root and/or sprout and/or stem tissue. Examples of these types of promoters include those that do not contain Seq. I.D. No. 1. Particularly preferred sequences are Seq. I.D. No.s 4 - 16. Tissue specific expression, such as tuber specific expression, is particularly advantageous for a number of reasons. First, a GOI (as defined below) can be expressed in a specific tissue type. This is particularly advantageous if the GOI is an anti-sense endogenous for the organism in question because expression of the anti-sense sequence in other tissues can be detrimental. Second, it is possible to express a GOI coding for an agent giving the organism resistance against a disease associated with specific tissue(s). For example, the GOI may be a toxin against common scab - which normally affects tuber tissue. Third, large quantities of the product of expression of a GOI where the GOI is, for example, a desired compound of benefit to humans or animals (e.g. a desirable foodstuff or an enzyme having a beneficial pharmaceutical effect) can be achieved. Furthermore, that product is easily retrievable. Fourth, use of the promoter according to the present invention enables one to express a suitable nucleotide in order to change the organism's metabolism at a specific site - such as increasing starch levels in tuber or even producing modified starch therein. A further surprising advantage is that the promoter of the present invention, in particular the promoter of the first aspect of the present invention, is cold-inducible - i.e. leads to expression in conditions of about from 0°C to 12° C, to about 4°C. Thus this promoter is very useful for expressing GOI's in conditions that would be of some benefit in cold conditions - in particular such as expression of the alpha- amylase gene (or active fragment thereof) of EP-B-0470145 (shown as SEQ. I.D. No: 18). More preferably the GOI is a nucleotide sequence that is anti-sense to that alpha-amylase gene (or active fragment thereof), such as that shown as SEQ.I.D. No: 19. Highly preferred embodiments of each of the aspects of the present invention do not include the native promoter in its natural environment. The term "promoter" is used in the normal sense of the art, e.g. an RNA polymerase binding site in the Jacob-Monod theory of gene expression. The promoters of the present invention are capable of expressing a GOI. In addition to the nucleotide sequences described above, the promoters of the present invention could additionally include conserved regions such as a Pribnow Box or a TATA box. The promoters may even contain other sequences to affect (such as to maintain, enhance, decrease) the levels of expression of the GOI. For example, suitable other sequences include the 5/ιi-intron or an ADH intron. Other sequences include inducible elements - such as temperature, chemical, light or stress inducible elements. Also, suitable elements to enhance transcription or translation may be present. An example of the latter element is the TMV 5' leader sequence (see Sleat Gene 217 [1987] 217-225; and Dawson Plant Mol. Biol. 23 [1993] 97). The promoter of the present invention may also be called Amy 3 promoter or Amy 351 promoter or alpha-Amy 351 promoter or alpha- Amy 3 promoter. In addition the present invention also encompasses combinations of promoters or elements. For example, a promoter of the present invention, such as a tuber specific promoter (see above), may be used in combination with a stem specific promoter (see above). Other combinations are possible. For example, the promoter of the present invention, such as a stem or tuber specific promoter, may be used in combination with a root promoter and/or a leaf promoter. The term "corresponding" in relation to the present invention means that the promoter sequence need not necessarily be derived from Solanum tuberosum. For example, the promoter could be prepared synthetically. It may even be derived from another source. The terms "variant", "homologue" or "fragment" include any substitution of, variation of, modification of, replacement of, deletion of or addition of one (or more) nucleic acid from or to the sequence providing the resultant nucleotide sequence has the ability to act as a promoter in an expression system - such as the transformed cell or transgenic organism according to the present invention. In particular, the term "homologue" covers homology with respect to structure and/or function providing the resultant nucleotide sequence has the ability to act as a promoter. With respect to sequence homology, preferably there is at least 75%, more preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90% homology, more preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98% homology. The term "inactivated" means partial inactivation in the sense that the expression pattern of the complete promoter of Figure 8 is modified but wherein the partially inactivated promoter still functions as a promoter. However, as mentioned above, the modified promoter is capable of expressing a GOI in at least one (but not all) specific tissue of the complete promoter of Figure 8. Therefore with this particular aspect of the invention, the promoter having an inactivated portion can still function as a promoter (hence it is still called a promoter) but wherein the promoter is capable of expressing a GOI in one or more, but not all, of the tissues where a GOI is expressed by the complete promoter shown in Figure 8. Examples of partial inactivation include altering the folding pattern of the promoter sequence, or binding species to parts of the nucleotide sequence, so that a part of the nucleotide sequence is not recognised by, for example, RNA polymerase. Another, and preferable, way of partially inactivating the promoter is to truncate it to form fragments thereof. Another way would be to mutate at least a part of the sequence so that the RNA polymerase can not bind to that part or another part. Accordingly, for a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof but wherein the promoter is truncated. The term "truncated" includes shortened versions of the promoter shown in Figure 8. Accordingly, for a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is also provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5. Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof, but wherein the promoter does not contain at least the nucleotide sequence of any of one the sequences shown as Seq.I.D.No.s 4 - 16. Furthermore, for a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is also provided a promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5. Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof, but wherein the promoter does not contain at least the nucleotide sequence shown as Seq. I.D. No. 1. The term "construct" - which is synonymous with terms such as "conjugate", "cassette" and "hybrid" - includes a GOI directly or indirectly attached to the promoter. An example of an indirect attachment is the provision of a suitable spacer group such as an intron sequence, such as the Shi -intron or the ADH intron, intermediate the promoter and the GOI. The same is true for the term "fused" in relation to the present invention which includes direct or indirect attachment. In each case, it is highly preferred that the terms do not cover the natural combination of the wild type alpha amylase gene ordinarily associated with the wild type gene promoter and the wild type promoter and when they arc both in their natural environment. The construct may even contain or express a marker which allows for the selection of the genetic construct in, for example, a plant cell into which it has been transferred. Various markers exist which may be used in, for example, plants - such as mannose. Other examples of markers include those that provide for antibiotic resistance - such as resistance to G418, hygromycin, bleomycin, kanamycin and gentamycin. The term "GOI" with reference to the present invention means any gene of interest. A GOI can be any nucleotide that is either foreign or natural to the organism (e.g. plant) in question. Typical examples of a GOI include genes encoding for proteins and enzymes that modify metabolic and catabolic processes. For example, the GOI may be a protein giving added nutritional value to the plant as a food or crop. Typical examples include plant proteins that can inhibit the formation of anti-nutritive factors and plant proteins that have a more desirable amino acid composition (e.g. a higher lysine content than the non-transgenic plant). The GOI may even code for an enzyme that can be used in food processing such as chymosin, thaumatin and alpha-galactosidase. The GOI may even code for an agent for introducing or increasing pathogen resistance. The GOI may even be an antisense construct for modifying the expression of natural transcripts present in the relevant tissues. The GOI may even code for a non-natural plant compound that is of benefit to animals or humans. For example, the GOI could code for a pharmaceutically active protein or enzyme such as any one of the therapeutic compounds insulin, interferon, human serum albumin, human growth factor and blood clotting factors. In this regard, the transformed cell or organism could prepare acceptable quantities of the desired compound which would be easily retrievable from, for example, the tubers. Preferably the GOI is a gene encoding for any one of a protein having a high nutritional value, a pest toxin, an antisense transcript such as that for patatin, ADP- glucose pyrophosphorylase (e.g. see EP-A-455316), alpha-amylase (e.g. see EP-B- 0470145), a protease antisense or a glucanase. A preferred GOI is an anti-sense sequence to the alpha-amylase gene described in EP-B-0470145. The term 'organism' in relation to the present invention includes any organism that can activate the promoter of the present invention, such as amylase (e.g. alpha-amylase) producing organisms including plants, algae, fungi and bacteria, as well as cell lines thereof. Preferably the term means a plant or cell thereof, preferably a dicot, more preferably a potato. The term 'transgenic organism' in relation to the present invention means an organism comprising either an expressable construct according to the present invention or a product of such a construct. For example the transgenic organism can comprise an exogenous nucleotide sequence (e.g. GOI as herein described) under the control of a promoter according to the present invention; or a native nucleotide sequence under the control of a partially inactivated (e.g. truncated) promoter according to the present invention. The terms "cell", "tissue" and "organ" include cell, tissue and organ per se and when within an organism. For one class/type of promoters according to the present invention the term means potato tuber cell, tissue or organ and/or potato root cell, tissue or organ and/or potato sprout cell, tissue or organ and/or potato stem cell, tissue or organ. Preferably, the term means means just or at least a potato tuber cell, tissue or organ. Preferably the expressable construct is incorporated in the genome of the organism. The term incorporated preferably covers stable incorporation into the genome. The term 'nucleotide' in relation to the GOI includes genomic DNA, cDNA, synthetic DNA, and RNA. Preferably it means DNA, more preferably cDNA. The term "expression vector" means a construct capable of in vivo or in vitro expression. The term "transformation vector" means a construct capable of being transferred from one species to another - such as from an E.Coli plasmid to a plant cell. Even though the promoters of the present invention are not disclosed in EP-B- 0470145 and CA-A-2006454, those two documents do provide some useful background commentary on the types of techniques that may be employed to put the present invention into practice. Some of these background teachings are included in the following commentary. The basic principle in the construction of genetically modified plants is to insert genetic information in the plant genome so as to obtain a stable maintenance of the inserted genetic material. Several techniques exist for inserting the genetic information, the two main principles being direct introduction of the genetic information and introduction of the genetic information by use of a vector system. A review of the general techniques may be found in articles by Potrykus (Annu Rev- Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol [1991] 42:205-225) and Christou (Agro-Food-Industry Hi-Tech March/April 1994 17-27). Thus, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a vector system which carries a promoter or construct according to the present invention and which is capable of introducing the promoter or construct into the genome of a plant such as a plant of the family Solanaceae, in particular of the genus Solanum, especially Solanum tuberosum. The vector system may comprise one vector, but comprises preferably two vectors; in the case of two vectors, the vector system is normally referred to as a binary vector system. Binary vector systems are described in further detail in Gynheung An et al. (1980), Binary Vectors, Plant Molecular Biology Manual A3, 1-19. One extensively employed system for transformation of plant cells with a given promoter or construct is based on the use of a Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens or a Ri plasmid from Agrobacterium rhizogenes An et al. (1986), Plant Physiol. 81, 301-305 and Butcher D.N. et al. (1980), Tissue Culture Methods for Plant Pathologists, eds.: D.S. Ingrams and J.P. Helgeson, 203-208. Several different Ti and Ri plasmids have been constructed which are suitable for the construction of the plant or plant cell constructs described above. A non-limiting example of such a Ti plasmid is pGV3850. The promoter or construct of the present invention should preferably be inserted into the Ti-plasmid between the terminal sequences of the T-DNA or adjacent a T-DNA sequence so as to avoid disruption of the sequences immediately surrounding the T- DNA borders, as at least one of these regions appear to be essential for insertion of modified T-DNA into the plant genome. As will be understood from the above explanation, the vector system of the present invention is preferably one which contains the sequences necessary to infect a plant (e.g. the vir region) and at least one border part of a T-DNA sequence, the border part being located on the same vector as the genetic construct. Furthermore, the vector system is preferably an Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid or an Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri-plasmid or a derivative thereof, as these plasmids are well-known and widely employed in the construction of transgenic plants, many vector systems exist which are based on these plasmids or derivatives thereof. In the construction of a transgenic plant the promoter or construct may be first constructed in a microorganism in which the vector can replicate and which is easy to manipulate before insertion into the plant. An example of a useful microorganism is E. coli, but other microorganisms having the above properties may be used. When a vector of a vector system as defined above has been constructed in E. coli, it is transferred, if necessary, into a suitable Agrobacterium strain, e.g. Agrobacterium tumefaciens . The Ti-plasmid harbouring the promoter or construct of the invention is thus preferably transferred into a suitable Agrobacterium strain, e.g. A. tumefaciens, so as to obtain an Agrobacterium cell harbouring the promoter or construct of the invention, which DNA is subsequently transferred into the plant cell to be modified. Direct infection of plant tissues by Agrobacterium is a simple technique which has been widely employed and which is described in Butcher D.N. et al. (1980), Tissue Culture Methods for Plant Pathologists, eds.: D.S. Ingrams and J.P. Helgeson, 203- 208. See also Potrykus (Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol [1991] 42:205-225) and Christou (Agro-Food-Industry Hi-Tech March/April 1994 17-27). As reported in CA-A-2006454, a large amount of cloning vectors are available which contain a replication system in E. coli and a marker which allows a selection of the transformed cells. The vectors contain for example pBR 332, pUC series, M13 mp series, pACYC 184 etc. In such a way, the construct or promoter can be introduced into a suitable restriction position in the vector. The contained plasmid is used for the transformation in E. coli. The E. coli cells are cultivated in a suitable nutrient medium and then harvested and lysed. The plasmid is then recovered. As a method of analysis there is generally used a sequence analysis, a restriction analysis, electrophoresis and further biochemical-molecular biological methods. After each manipulation, the used DNA sequence can be restricted and connected with the next DNA sequence. Each sequence can be cloned in the same or different plasmid. After each introduction method of the desired promoter or construct in the plants further DNA sequences may be necessary. If for example for the transformation, the Ti- or Ri-plasmid of the plant cells is used, at least the right boundary and often however the right and the left boundary of the Ti- and Ri-plasmid T-DNA, as flanking areas of the introduced genes, can be connected. The use of T-DNA for the transformation of plant cells is being intensively studied and is well described in EP 120 516; Hoekema, in: The Binary Plant Vector System Offsct-drukkerij Kanters B.B., Alblasserdam, 1985, Chapter V; Fraley, et al., Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 4:1-46 and An et al., EMBO J. (1985) 4:277-284. Direct infection of plant tissues by Agrobacterium is another simple technique which may be employed. Typically, a plant to be infected is wounded, e.g. by cutting the plant with a razor or puncturing the plant with a needle or rubbing the plant with an abrasive. The wound is then inoculated with the Agrobacterium, e.g. in a solution. Alternatively, the infection of a plant may be done on a certain part or tissue of the plant, i.e. on a part of a leaf, a root, a stem or another part of the plant. The inoculated plant or plant part is then grown on a suitable culture medium and allowed to develop into mature plants. When plant cells are constructed, these cells may be grown and maintained in accordance with well-known tissue culturing methods such as by culturing the cells in a suitable culture medium supplied with the necessary growth factors such as amino acids, plant hormones, vitamins, etc. Regeneration of the transformed cells into genetically modified plants may be accomplished using known methods for the regeneration of plants from cell or tissue cultures, for example by selecting transformed shoots using an antibiotic and by subculturing the shoots on a medium containing the appropriate nutrients, plant hormones, etc. In summation therefore the present invention therefore relates to a promoter and, also to a construct comprising the same. In particular the present invention relates to the use of a promoter for the expression of a GOI in an cell/tissue/organism such as one or more specific tissues of a plant, in particular a dicot plant such as a potato. More in particular, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a partially inactivated (such as truncated) type 3 α-amylase promoter. The present invention also relates to the application of one class of partially inactivated gene promoters to express a GOI specifically in the tuber tissue of a dicot - especially a potato plant. The following sample has been deposited in accordance with the Budapest Treaty at the recognised depositary The National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Limited (NCIMB) at 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB2 1RY, United Kingdom, on 26 August 1994: DH5alpha-gPAmy 351 (Deposit No. NCIMB 40682). This sample is an E. Coli bacterial stock containing the plasmid pBluescript (see Figure 7 for a general map thereof) containing an EcoRl 5.5 genomic DNA fragment isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum). The EcoRl 5.5 fragment contains the promoter region and part of the 5' untranslated sequence of the structural gene of a potato alpha-amylase gene. The plasmid was formed by inserting the EcoRl 5.5 kb potato fragment into the polylinker of the vector pBS (Short et al [1988] Nuc. Acid. Res. 16:7583-7600). The promoter may be isolated from the plasmid by enzyme digestion with EcoRl and then extracted by typical separation techniques (e.g. gels). The following sample has been deposited in accordance with the Budapest Treaty at the recognised depositary The National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Limited (NCIMB) at 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB2 1RY, United Kingdom, on 20 October 1994: DH5alpha-pJK4 (Deposit No. NCIMB 40691). This sample is an E. Coli bacterial (DH5alpha-) stock containing plasmid pJK4 (described later). The present invention will now be described only by way of examples in which reference is made to the following Figures: Figure 1 shows a restriction enzyme map; Figure 2 shows a restriction enzyme map; Figure 3 shows a nucleotide sequence of a promoter according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a pictorial representation of some deletions made to the sequence of Figure 2; Figure 5 is a pictorial representation of some deletions made to the sequence of Figure 2; Figure 6 shows a series of primer sequences; Figure 7 shows a map of pBlucScript KS (2.96 kb) and a map of pBlueScript M13 (3.2 kb); Figure 8 is a restriction enzyme map; Figure 9 is a restriction map of pJK4; and Figure 10 is a map of pEPL. In more detail, Figure 1 is a restriction enzyme map of genomic clone gPAmy 351 isolated from the potato variety Saturna, in which the arrow indicates the position of the promoter, the closed bar indicates the position of coding sequences, H=Hindlϊl, E=EcoRl, S=Sall, ATG = initiation codon of the alpha-amylase coding sequence and A star marks the position of the 5.5 kb EcoRl fragment. Figure 2 is a sequence map of the alpha-Amy 3 promoter in which the arrows show the extent of the sequence reactions, the position of the HE fragment is shown in B together with the 5' sequenced part of the promoter deletion series, the names of the individual fragments (see also Figure 4) are given above the arrows, ATG = initiation codon of the alpha-amylase coding sequence, and the deletion fragments chosen for functional analysis are indicated by asteriks. Figure 3 is a nucleotide sequence of part of the alpha-Amy 3 promoter in which the restriction sites are bold faced, TATA, CCAAT and ATG sites are underlined, the position of the proposed CAP site and the untranslated leader sequence are indicated, and the 166 bp nucleotide sequence sandwiched between the two highlighting lines (i.e. from nucleotide position -857 to nucleotide position -691) is represented as SEQ. I.D. No. 1 (see later). This 166 bp nucleotide sequence may be refered to as the "delta" fragment or sequence. Figures 4 and 5 represent two deletion scries of the alpha-Amy 3 promoter with those of Figure 5 being used for functional analysis: Figure 6 shows a series of primer sequences for use with the present invention wherein Uni = T7 primer and Rev = T3 primer. In further detail, the nucleotide sequence of Figure 3 is part of the promoter sequence of Figure 1 (discussed below) and part of the alpha-amylase structural gene, which in turn is part of the sequence of Figure 8. Part of this nucleotide sequence forms part of the sequences shown in the attached sequence listings. The nucleotide sequence of Figure 3 is repeated as Seq. I.D. No. 17. Figure 8 is a pictorial representation of plasmid gPAmy351. The highlighted portion is a EcoRl - Sail fragment isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) - which is the same as the fragment shown in Figure 1. The EcoRl - Sail fragment contains the EcoRl 5.5 kb fragment (called subclone Eco 5.5) -which is indicated by the line shown at the bottom of the drawing. The EcoRl 5.5 kb fragment contains the promoter region and part of the 5' untranslated sequence of the structural gene of a potato α-amylase. The following restriction enzyme sites are shown in Figure 8: E: EcoRl, Ha: Haelll, Sp: Sspl, H: Hindlll, P: Pvul, S: Sail. In addition putative CAAT and TATA boxes and the ATG initiation site are shown. Introns are shown as open bars and exons as closed bars. The EcoRl 5.5 fragment is cloned into a pBluescript M13-plasmid (shown in Figure 7) or a pBSK-plasmid (also shown in Figure 7). For convenience, Chart 1 correlates the sequence references shown in the attached Figures with the sequences shown in the attached Sequence Listings. CHART 1 SEQUENCE I.D. No. FIGURE No./FIGURE REFERENCE 1 4/Dclta 2 4/EH 3 4/8.5-E 4 4/9.5-7 5 4/8-17 6 4/7-1 7 4/6-15 8 4/6-13 9 4/6.5-4 10 4/5-24 11 4/4-1 12 4/4-2 13 4/1-8 14 4/1-6 15 EH8 16 -/- 17 3 2 5/HE 3 5/HFP8 7 5/HFP6 11 5/HFP4 15 5/EH8 In the following examples, the following materials and methods were used and followed, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material Root tissue were harvested from flowering potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Saturna) plants. The roots were sliced directly into liquid nitrogen and 10-15g portions were stored at -80°C until use. Bacterial strains DHSα™ (BRL): F\ βndAl . h≤clR17( r k - , m k + ) , JSU^E44, thi-1. λ ' , rβcAl . gyrA96. rβlAl . (sτgF-l≤cZYa)U169, σ80dlacZ DM15 JM109(1): rfiCAl, enflAl , gγrA96. thi . u≤dR17, ≤LipE44, XfilAl, λ " o (lac ' proABi r T F' , ir^D36, ETQAB, L2£l q Z ΩMI5] PLK17 (Stratagene) : hsdR-M- r mcrA-, B-, lac- r supE r gal- LE392 (2,3): ≤ϋpE44, ≤ϋβF58, iι≤dR514, galK2. cχfilT22, metBl f irER55, ____Λ LBA4404: contains the disarmed pTiAch5 plasmid pAL4404 in the streptomycin resistant derivative of the Agro-bacterium tumefaciens strain Ach5 (4) . Phages and plasmids λ EMBL3: see reference (5) pBR327: see reference (6) pBS+, pBS-: see reference (7) pBSK+, pBSK-: see reference (7) pBHOl, pBI121: see reference (8,9) Media and plates L-Broth (LB) medium: Per litre: 5g of yeast extract, 5g of NZ-amide, 5g of NaCl, 5g of bacto-peptone. Autoclave. LB-plates: LB medium plus 15g Bacto agar per litre. Autoclave. Pour into plastic petri dishes (25 ml/dish). Amp-plates: As LB-plates plus 35 mg ampicillin per litre after autoclaving. AXI-plates: As LB-plates plus 35 mg ampicillin, 120 mg IPTG (isopropylthiogalactoside), 40mg Xgal (dissolved in dimethylformamide) per litre after autoclaving. Xgal: 5-bromo-4chloro-3indolyle-β-D-galactoside . Kan-plates: As LB-plates plus 50 mg kanamycin per litre after autoclaving. YMB medium: Per litre:0.66 g K2HPO4 - 3H2O. 0.2 g MgSO4. 0.1 g NaCl. 10.0 g Mannitol. 0.4 g Yeast extract. Adjust pH to 7.0. Autoclave. Liquid MBa medium: Per iitre:4.4 g MS salts (Murashige and Skoog basal salt (10), Sigma). 20 g sucrose. pH is adjusted to 5.7 with NaOH. Solid MBa medium: As liquid MBa medium plus 0.8 % Difco agar. MBa co: As solid MBa medium plus 0.5 mg t-Zcatin (trans-isomcr, Sigma) and 2.0 mg 2,4 D (2,4-dichlorophenoxacetic acid, Sigma) per litre. Solid MBb medium: As solid MBa medium but instead of 20 g sucrose 30 g sucrose is added per litre. Water: The water used in Materials and Methods was always distilled and autoclaved before use. Isolation of high MW genomic potato DNA In order to gain high molecular weight genomic DNA a procedure essentially as described by Fischer and Goldberg (11), was followed. This include first isolation of nuclei followed by preparation of the nuclear DNA. 10-15g Saturna root tissue were ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen and homogenized in 100 ml H buffer (lxH buffcr(ll): 100ml lOxHB, 250ml 2M sucrose, 10 ml lOOmM PMSF, lml /?-mercaptoethanol, 5 ml Triton X-100, 634ml H 2 O. Adjust to pH 9.5. Add ?-mercaptoethenol just before use. lOxHB: 40mM spermidine, lOmM spermine, OJmM Na-EDTA, OJmM Tris, 0.8mM KC1, adjusted to pH 9.4-9.5 with ION NaOH. PMSF: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride dissolved in ethanol). The resuspended plant material was filtered through a 70μm nylon filter (Nitex filter, prewetted in lxH buffer). The resulting filtrate was poured into two centrifuge bottles (Sorvall GSA) and the nuclei were pelleted at 4000 r.p.m for 20 min at 4°C. The supernatant was discarded and the pellets were gently resuspended by adding 20 ml lxH buffer per tube and then swirling the tubes carefully. The nuclei were pelleted again at 4000 r.p.m. for 20 min at 4°C, the supernatant removed and the pellets resuspended gently in 10 ml lxH buffer. The supernatant were pooled and 20 ml cold lysis buffer (lysis buffer: 2% Sarcosyl, 0JM Tris, 0.04M Na,-EDTA) was added dropwise while the solution was stirred gently. Immediately after the last drop of lysis buffer was added, 0.972g CsCI/ml solution was stirred gently into the solution (the solution should now be at room temperature). The resulting solution was centrifuged for 45 min at 10 krpm, 4°C. The supernatants were carefully removed using a pasteur pipct avoiding any protein debris floating on the top or disturbing the pellets. The volume of the supernatants were determined and 0.2 mg ethidium bromide/ml was added. The DNA solution was gently poured into quickseal polyallomer tubes, which were then sealed. The tubes were centrifuged in a Bcckman VTI 65 rotor at 18°C and 40 k r.p.m. for 38 h.The genomic band was removed under UV-light with a 15-18 gauge needle attached to a 5-ml syringe and poured gently into a 5 ml polyallomer tube. The tube(s) was then filled with a 1.57 g/ml CsCl solution in 50mM Tris-Hcl(pH 9.5), 20 mM Na 2 -EDTA. 75 μ\ ethidium bromide (5mg/ml) was added/tube. The tubes were centrifuged in the VTI 65 rotor at 18°C and 46 k r.p.m. for 17 h. The genomic band was removed under long-wave UV light and the ethidium bromide was extracted with CsCl-saturated isopropanol (7 to 8 times). The CsCl was removed from the DNA by dialysis in TE-buffer (lxTE: 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM Na,-EDTA pH 8.0) at 4°C for 18 h with three changes/The high MW genomic potato DNA was not further precipitated and was kept at 4°C. Construction of a potato genomic library High MW genomic potato DNA was prepared from cv Saturna roots as decribed above. The quality of the DNA was tested by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. The genomic DNA was partially digested with Sau3A and the created fragments (9-23 kb) were inserted into the BamHI site of the λ EMBL3 vector(4). Approximately 1.1x10° independent isolates were plated and amplified to form a permanent library (12). Plaque hybridization was used to screen the library for α-amylase genes. Screening of the library Screening of the potato genomic library was carried out essentially as described by references 13 and 14. The pfu/ml (pfu:plaquc forming unit) of the amplified genomic library was determined in duplicate prior to the screening. Infection competent cells (PKL17 or LE392) were prepared by inoculating the cells in 30 ml fresh L-Broth containing 0.2% sucrose and 10 mM CaCl 2 . The cells were cultivated for 4-5 h at 37°C before 0J vol of cold CaCl 2 was added and kept on ice until use. 100 μ\ phages diluted in phagebuffer to give an appropriate number of pfu (lxphagebuffer: 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 20 mM NaCl) were mixed with 25-100 μ[ freshly made cells (dependent on the actual number of cells) and incubated at 37°C for 15-20 min. The suspension was mixed with 3 ml warm (42°C) 0.8-1% top agar containing 10 M MgCl 2 and plated out on dry LB plates. LB plates of 22x22cm (dried for 3-4 h at 37°C) were used for screening of the genomic library. Each plate contained approximately 2xl0 5 plaques, which were mixed with 1 ml of infection competent cells (prepared as above) and incubated for 20 min at 37°C. This mixture was then added to a 25 ml of warm (42-45°C) 0.3% top agarose with 10 mM MgCl 2 and the solution was poured onto a fresh dry LB plate. The large LB plates were incubated (not upside down) overnight at 37°C. Phages from the plaques were transferred to Hybond N filters (Amersham) in duplicates. The plates were placed at 4°C for 1 to 2 h to prevent the agarosc layer from sticking to the filters. The plates were placed on ice, just before use and they remained on the ice when working with the filters.Two Hybond N filters and a plate were marked for orientation of the filters . The first filter was laid on the plaques for 45 sec: then floated on denaturation buffer (0.5 M NaOH, 1.5 M NaCl) for 7 min, with the phages facing up, then floated on neutralization buffer (0.5 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 3 M NaCl) for 2 times 3 min and finally washed in 2xSSC (LxSSC: 0.15 M NaCl, 0.015 Na-citrate). The filter was air dried and the phage DNA was fixed to the membrane by UV crosslinking. The second filter was laid on the same plate, after the first, for 120 sec and then treated as the first. These filters were used in plaque hybridization following the Hybond N membrane protocol according to suppliers (Amersham) instructions. X-ray film from both the first and second Hybond N membrane was orientated so that the signals from both filters fitted each other. The positive plaques were cut with a scalpel (lxl cm blocks) and submerged in 1 ml phagebuffer. The phage containing tubes were stored airtight (parafilm) at 4°C after 2-3 drops of chloroform has been added. The plaque containing plates (22x22 cm) were stored by placing a piece of soaked (chloroform) filterpaper in the lid. The plates were also stored airtight at 4°C with the plaques facing up. Further purification of the positive plaques were done by plating dilutions of the stock tube (containing the lxl cm block) with freshly prepared cells and plate them on round LB plates with 1% warm (42°C) top-agar and 10 mM MgCl 2 . New filter prints were made with Hybond N following the procedure outlined above with the 22x22 cm plates. Plaques which gave positive signal were isolated by sticking the tip of a pasteur pipette though the plate and transfer it to 500 μ\ phage buffer. A new series of dilutions were made, plated and the respective filters hybridized until the positive plaques were purified. The phages were stored airtight, at 4°C either in the 500 μ\ phagebuffer with 1 drop of chloroform, or as phages isolated from a plate lysatc. The plate lysate stock was made as decribed by (14). Isolation of recombinant λ DNA Large-scale preparations followed the method decribed in (14), which include banding the recombinant phage DNA on a CsCl gradient. Two versions (A,B) of a small-scale preparation were used as follows: A) LE392 cells were inoculated in LB with 0.2% maltose and 10 mM MgCl 2 and grown O/N at 37°C. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation for 10 min, at 4°C in a Sorvall centrifuge, and resuspended gently in 1 volume of cold 10 mM MgSO 4 . The cells were stored at 4°C until use. Five single plaques from a plate were transferred to 500 μ\ phagebuffer and allowed to stand for 2-2 ! /2 h at 4°C. After votex of the tube 100 μ\ of the liberated phages were mixed with 200 μϊ freshly prepared LE392 cells. Alternatively 50-100 μl liberated phages from aplatc lysate were mixed with the cells. Phages and cells were incubated for 20 min at 37°C and then added to a prewarmed (37°C) 25 ml LB with 20 mM MgSO 4 and 30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 and incubated, shaking O/N at 37°C. A further 10 ml prewarmed LB with 20 mM MgCl 2 and 30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 was added and the mix incubated for 1-2 h shaking at 37°C. After clear lysis (eventuel a few drops of chloroform was added to help) and the solution was centrifuged at 8000 r.p.m. for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube and centrifuged again if necessary to remove cell debris. The recombinant λ DNA was then purified using a Qiagen column following the suppliers instructions (15). B) The procedure was as under A) until after the first centrifugation of the O/N culture. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube and DNase was added corresponding to 1 μg/ml. The solution was incubated 30 min at 37°C and then 1 volume of cold 20% PEG, 2 M NaCl mixed in phagebuffer was added and the mixture was incubated 1 h on ice. The phages were pelleted by centrifugation for 20 min, 4°C at 10 kφm. The PEG pellet was resuspended in 400 μ\ phagebuffer and transferred to an eppendorf tube. 1 μϊ of RNase (10 mg/ml) is added and the tube incubated for 30 min at 37°C. Then 8 μϊ 0.25 M Na 2 -EDTA, pH 8.0 and 4 μϊ 10% SDS were added, the tube was incubated a further 15 min at 68°C. The mixture was allowed to gain room temperature and then an equal phenol saturated with TE-buffer (lxTE: 10 mM Tris pH 7.5, 1 mM Na,-EDTA) was used to extract the DNA. A equal mixture of saturated phenol-chloroform was used to extract the upper aqueous phase and a final chloroform extraction was done. The upper phase was transferred to a new tube and the solution was made 0.3 M Na-acctate and 2-3 vol cold ethanol was added. The precipitation of the DNA was accomplished by storing at O/N at -20°C, centrifuging for 5 min and resuspend the pellet in 50-100 μ\ TE-buffer. The amount and quality of the recombinant phage DNA was tested by restrictions enzyme digest and agarose (0.8-1%) gel electrophoresis (16). Preparation of plasmid DNA The plasmid preparation was as described in EP-B-0470145. In particular, small scale preparation of plasmid DNA was performed as follows. Bacterial strains harbouring the plasmids were grown overnight in 2 ml L-Broth (LB) medium with ampicillin added (35 μg/ml). The operations were performed in 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes and centrifugation was carried out in an Eppendorf centrifuge at 4°C. The cells from the overnight culture were harvested by centrifugation for 2 min., washed with 1 ml 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.5), 50 mM EDTA and centrifuged for 2 min. The pellet was suspended in 150 μ\ of 15% sucrose, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.5), 50 mM EDTA by vortexing. 50 μ\ of 4 mg/ml lysozyme was added and the mixture was incubated for 30 min. at room temperature and 30 min. on ice. 400 μϊ ice cold H2O was added and the mixture was kept on ice for 5 min, incubated at 70-72°C for 15 min. and centrifuged for 15 min. To the supernatant was added 75 μϊ 5.0 M Na-pcrchlorate and 200 μl isopropanol (the isopropanol was stored at room temperature), and the mixture was centrifuged for 15 min. at 4°C. The pellet was suspended in 300 μl 0.3 M Na-acctate and 2-3 vol. cold ethanol was added. Precipitation was accomplished by storing at either 5 min. at -80°C or O/N at -20°C, centrifuging for 5 min., drying by vacuum for 2 min. and redissolving the pellet in 20 μl H 2 0. The yield was 5-10 μg plasmid DNA. Large scale preparation of plasmid DNA was accomplished by simply scaling up the small scale preparation ten times. Working in 15 ml corcx tubes, all the ingredients were scaled up ten times. The centrifugation was carried out in a Sorvall cooling centrifuge at 4°C. Only changes from the above will be mentioned in the following. After incubation at 70-72°C, the centrifugation was for 30 min. at 17,000 φm. After adding isopropanol and after adding cold ethanol, the centrifugation was for 15 min. at 17.000 φm. The final plasmid DNA pellet was suspended in H 2 0 and transferred to an Eppendorf tube and then given a short spin to remove debris. The supernatant was adjusted to 0.3 M Na-acetate and 2-3 vol. cold ethanol were added. The pellet was resuspended in 40 μl H 2 0. The yield was usually 20-28 μg plasmid DNA. To obtain very pure plasmid DNA, 200-300 μg of isolated plasmid DNA from the upscaled method were banded on a CsCl gradient. Solid CsCl was mixed with H 2 0 (1:1 w/v) and 0.2 mg/ml ethidium bromide was added. The solution was poured into a quick-seal polyallomer tube and the plasmid DNA, mixed with solid CsCl (1:1 w/v). The tube was filled, sealed and centrifuged in a Beckman VTI 65 rotor at 15°C, 48,000 φm for 16-18 hours. The centrifuge was stopped by without using the brake. The banded plasmid DNA was withdrawn from the tubes using a syringe and the ethidium bromide was extracted with CsCl-saturated isopropanol 7-8 times. The CsCl was removed by dialysis in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA for 48 hours with three changes of buffer. The DNA was precipitated by adjusting to 0.3 M Na-acetate and adding 2-3 vol.cold ethanol. The small scale plasmid preparation from E. coli was usually followed by a LiCl precipitation to remove RNA from the DNA solution. The small scale prepared plasmid DNA was dissolved in 100 μl dcstilled water. 1 vol of 5M LiCl was added and the mixture incubated at -20°C for 30 min followed by centrifugation at 12,000 φm. for 15 min, 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a new eppendorf tube and 2 vol TE buffer or water was added. Precipitation with 2.5 vol of 96% ethanol was accomplished by storing either 10 min. at -80°C, or O/N at -20°C. The DNA was precipitated by centrifuging for 15 min. 12,000 φm ,at 4°C, drying by vacuum for 2 min and redissolving in 18 μl of TE or water. Restriction enzyme digestion The protocol followed was that outlined in EP-B-0470145. In particular, all restriction endonucleases were from Biolabs , Amcrsham or Boehringer Mannheim and were used according to the supplier's instructions. 1 unit of enzyme was used to 1 μg of DNA and incubation was for 2 hours. The buffer was changed in double digestions, by changing the volume or by adding the necessary ingredient according to the enzyme instructions. Labelling of DNA A random primed DNA labelling kit (Boehringer Mannheim) was used according to the suppliers instructions. Briefly, 2 μl DNA fragment (25-50 ng) is mixed with 8 μl H 2 0 and incubated at 95°C for 10 min to denature the DNA. Spin shortly and place on ice. Then add 1 μl dGTP, dATP and dTTP of each, 2 μl reactionsmix and 5 μl (approx. 50 μCi dCTP 32 ). 1 μl Klenow enzyme starts the reaction and the tube is incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Then place on ice. The labelled DNA fragment was purified using an ELUTIP column (Schleicher & Schuell). The column was prepared by prerunning (gravity) it with 3 ml high salt buffer (1.0 M NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7,5), 1.0 mM EDTA), followed by 5 ml low salt buffer (0.2 M NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7,5), 1.0 mM EDTA). 250 μl low salt was added to the labelling tube and the entire solution was laid on the prepared column. Then the column was washed with 2x400 μl low salt followed by 3x200 μl high salt. The eluted radioactive probe was then heat denatured and used in hybridization. Southern transfer and Hybridization The DNA fragments to be transferred were fractionated on non-denaturing agarose gels (14) and transferred to cither Hybond™ N or Hybond™ N+, positively charged nylon membrane (Amersham Life Science) by Southern blotting (17J8). Hybridization to the Hybond™ N nylon membranes followed the supplier instructions (18). Preparation of vectors The preparation of vectors was as decribed in EP-B-0470145 as follows: Vectors (pBS-/+ or pBSK-/+) were digested with one or two restriction enzymes, extracted twice with saturated phenol (the phenol was first mixed with 0J M Tris-HCl, then mixed twice with TE-buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, 1 mM Na 2 -EDTA)) and once with chloroform and precipitated with 0.3 M Na-acetate and 2.5 vol cold ethanol. The pellet was rinsed in 70% cold ethanol and dissolved in H 2 0, giving a concentration of 25-50 ng μl. The vectors were tested for background before use (self-Iigation with and without T4-DNA-ligasc). If necessary the vector was treated with Alkaline phosphatase (Boehringer Mannheim) as described by the supplier. After such a treatment the resulting pellet was resuspended in H 2 0 to give a final concentration of 10 ng/μl. Ligation The phage DNA or plasmid comprising a fragment to be subcloned was digested with one or more restriction enzymes and run in either a 5% acrylamide gel or an appropriate agarose gel. The fragment to be subcloned was isolated from the gel either by electroelution as decribed in (14) or using a GENECLEAN II Kit (BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, California) following the suppliers instructions. Various ratios of fragment to vector were used (from 2:1 to 5:1, based on the number of molecules) in the ligation reaction. 1 μl (10-100 ng) of a solution containing the vector was combined with the fragment, 1 μl of T4-ligation buffer (10x(20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.6 mM ATP, 10 mM dithiotheitol)) and 1 μl of T4-DNA ligase (Boehringer Mannheim) were added to a mixture of fragment and vector to a total volume of 10 μl. The reaction was incubated at 15°C O/N if the ligated DNA fragments had sticky ends. If the DNA had blunt ends, the incubation was at room temperature for 1 hour. The ligation mixture was stored at -20°C if not used immediately, usually 5 μl of the ligation mix was used for transformation. DNA fragments treated with a DNA blunting kit (see "subcloning and sequencing") were ligated following the DNA blunting kit's protocol (Amersham). Preparation of competent E. coli cells and transformation This was done according to the protocols laid down in EP-B-0470145 as follows: JM109 cells (or DH5α) were inoculated in 4 ml L-Broth made to 10 mM MgS0 4 and 10 mM MgCl 2 . The ccells were grown O/N at 37°C. 1 ml of the O/N culture was added to 40 ml prewarmed (37°C) LB medium (with 10 mM MgS0 4 and 10 mM MgClJ. The culture was shaken at 250-275 φm for 1 to 2 h until the OD 450 reached 0.8-0.9. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 5000 φm for 10 min at 4°C. The pellet was gently resuspended in 30 ml of cold 0.1 M CaCl 2 , another centrifugation pelleted the cells again and they were then resuspended in 15 ml of cold 0.1 M CaCl 2 . The suspension was placed on ice for 20 min followed by a centrifugation as before. Finally, the cells were gently resuspended in 3 ml of cold 0.1 M CaCl 2 and placed on ice for at least 1 h before they were ready to use for transformation (19). 5 μl of ligation mix was combined with 95 μl of cold sterile TCM (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM CaCl 2 , 10 mM MgCl 2 , and 0.2 ml of the competent cells. The mixture was allowed to stand for at least 40 min on ice, then 5 min at 37°C (or 2 min at 42°C). The solution was transferred to 0.8 ml of L-Broth, 10 mM MgS04, 10 mM MgCl 2 , and incubated for 45 min at 37°C and then plated out on 5 AXI or other plates (as e.g. Amp-plates) at 0.2 ml/plate. The plates were allowed to stand 10 min before being inverted and incubated O/N at 37°C. They were stored in plastic bags upside down at 4°C. ExoIH/Mung Bean Nuclease Deletions A deletion series of a subcloned larger genomic fragment was performed using a ExoIII/Mung Bean Deletion Kit (Stratagene). The subclone selected for the deletion series was purified by banding twice on a CsCl gradient (see "Preparation of plasmid DNA") to obtain high amounts of supercolied plasmid DNA. Generation of the deletions was performed using the ExoIII/Mung Bean Deletion kit following the suppliers instructions. The temperature during the ExoIII treatment was 23°C since at that temperature approximately 125 bp should be removed per min. Purification of primers following synthesis on a DNA Synthesizer The primer was synthesized on a polystyrene support column (Applied Biosystems, 393 DNA/RNA Synthesizer) and was eluted from the column with NH 4 OH. The column was broken open and 1.5 ml NH 4 OH was added to the polystyrene material in a small glass tube. The mixture was incubated at 85°C for 1 hour followed by 5 min on ice. The supernatant containing the single stranded DNA was transferred to eppendorf tubes, and the NH 4 OH was evaporated in a vacuum centrifuge for at least 3 h. Pellet was resuspended in 200 μl destilled water and precipitated with 550 μl ethanol and 20 μl sodium acetate. The pellet was resuspended in 200 μl water and precipitation with ethanol and sodium acetate was repeated. Finally the pellet was resuspended in 100 - 200 μl destilled water and the OD 260 was measured by a Gene Quant RNA/DNA calculator (Pharmacia) of single stranded DNA is calculated. An OD 260 of 1 corresponds approx. to 33 μg/ml single stranded DNA. Subcloning and sequencing Purified λ DNA was digested with appropiate restrictions enzymes and the generated fragments were isolated from agarose gels using a GeneClean Kit (BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, California) according to the suppliers instructions. Genomic DNA fragments (or fragments obtained from plasmids) were ligated into the polylinker region of the BlueScribe vector pBS-/+ (or pBSK-/+, Stratagene). After transforming an E. coli strain with the ligated plasmid the recombinant subclones could be selected by plating on AXI plates (they will be white and the nonrecombinant clones will be blue when the vector is a pBlueScript plasmid, (107)). Plasmid DNA from putative subclones were digested with appropiate restriction enzymes, subjected to gelelctrophoresis and after Soutem blotting, hybridized with an appropiate labelled DNA probe, to verify the origin of the inserted fragment. The generated pBS genomic DNA subclones were then sequenced according to the plasmid preparation protocol outlined in EP-B-0470145. In this regard, the plasmid (double stranded template) to be sequenced was purified by the plasmid small scale preparation method. The DNA was denatured in 0.2 M NaOH (5 min at room temperature) the mixture was neutralised by adding 0.4 vol of 5 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.5) and then precipitated with 4 vol. of cold ethanol (5 min at -80°C). The pellet was rinsed with 70°C cold ethanol and resuspended in 10 μl H 2 0. For subcloning of DNA fragments generated by using an ExoIII/Mung Bean Nuclease kit,the fragments were either blunted first or digested with a restriction enzyme, following by blunting. The blunting of the DNA with an unknown end structure (after the ExoIII/Mung Bean treatment) or with cohesive ends was accomplished by using a DNA blunting kit (Amersham) following the suppliers instructions. The generated ligated (see "Ligation") deletions plasmids were transformed into DH5α competent cells and white colonies, selected on AXI plates, were analysed for their insert by restriction enzyme digestion and further, by sequencing. Sequencing was accomplished with a Sequenase™ DNA Sequencing Kit from United States Biochemical Coφ., following the sequencing Protocol enclosed in the kit (Sequenase™ :Step by Step Protocols for DNA sequencing with Sequenase, 3rd Edition, United States Biochemical Corporation PO Box 22400 Cleveland Ohio 44122). The following modifications were however made to the suggested protocol. Instead of adding DTT, Labelling mix and 35 SdATP to the annealed DNA mix, 4 ml of 35 Sequetide (DuPont) was added. In addition to T3 and T7 primers (Stratagene) a whole range of other primers generated on a DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, 392 DNA/RNA Synthesizer) were used. 0.5 pmol of primer was used to sequence 1 pmol of plasmid. The primer sequences are shown in the Figure 6. The sequencing reaction were subjected to electrophoresis on 6 % or 8 % denaturing polyacrylamide gels for 1 to 4 hours at 40 W, then dried by a gel drier and autoradiographed for 3-48 hours at room temperature. The denaturing sequencing gels were made from pre-mixed polyacrylamide solutions , Gel-Mix 6 and Gel-Mix 8 (GIBCO BRL, Life technologies, Inc) according to the manufacturers instructions. Preparation of competent Agrobacterium cells and transformation The LBA 4404 strain was kept at YMB plates (pH 7.0) containing 100 mg/ml of rifampicin (Sigma) and 500 mg/ml of streptomycin (Sigma). 2.5 ml of LB medium (pH 7.4) was inoculated with the bacteria. The suspension was left growing for 24 hours at 28°C in an incubation shaker at 300-340 φm. The suspension was then diluted 1:9 with LB and incubated for another 2-3 hours at 28°C and 300-340 φm. When OD was 0.5-1, 25 ml aliquots of the cells were harvested in 50 ml tubes in a cooling centrifuge at 10.000 φ , 5 min, 4°C. The tubes were placed on ice and the pellet resuspended in 0.5 ml of 20 mM CaCl 2 . 0J ml aliquots of the resuspended cells were quickly frozen in 1 ml cryotubcs in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Transformation was accomplished using the frcczc-thaw method (20) as follows: A 0J ml aliquot of CaCl 2 competent LBA 4404 cells was thawed on ice and added 1 μg of plasmid DNA. The mixture was incubated at 37°C for 5 min. and added 1 ml LB (pH 7.4). Incubation at room temperature with shaking (100 φm.) for 4 hours was followed by a quick spin at 10.000 φm, 4°C for 30 sec. The pellet was resuspended in 100 uϊ LB and plated on a YMB plates containing 50 mg/1 of kanamycin (Sigma). The plates were incubated for 48 hours at 28°C or until the colonies had a suitable size. This was the first round of selection. Only bacteria transformed with a plasmid containing the NPT II gene conferring kanamycin resistance is able to survive on the kanamycin plate. For the second round of selection six of the obtained colonies were transferred to a YMB plate containing 100 mg/1 of rifampicin, 500 mg/1 of streptomycin and 50 mg/1 of kanamycin. LBA 4404 is resistant to rifampicin and streptomycin and the plasmid confers resistance to kanamycin. The plates were incubated at 28°C until the colonies reached a suitable size (approx. 4-5 days). The colonies were tested for their plasmid content. Plasmid preparations of the colonies were generated and the DNA was digested with appropriate restriction enzymes and run on a 1 % agarose gel to ensure that the plasmid and the inserted fragment had the right size. The digested DNA was blotted onto a Hybond N+ membrane and hybridised with an appropriate radioactively labelled probe (a fragment of the plasmid DNA or insert). Storage of the transformed LBA 4404 was at -80°C. 2 ml LB medium containing 100 mg/1 of rifampicin, 500 mg/1 of streptomycin and 50 mg/1 of kanamycin was inoculated with bacteria and incubated at 28°C for 48 hours with shaking (300-340 φm). The suspension was diluted 1:1 with sterile 35 % glycerol and aliquoted into cryotubes, 800 μl per tube and stored at -80°C. Transformation of potato A culture of the transformed LBA 4404 bacteria were made by inoculating 2 ml of YMB (pH 7.0) with the bacteria and incubating at 28°C for 24 hours. The suspension was diluted 1:10 and incubated for another 18 hours. The bacteria was centrifuged at 10.000 φh, 4°C for 10 min. and the pellet rinsed twice with 2.5 ml of 2 mM magnesium sulfate, before resuspcnsion in liquid MBa to an OD660 nm of 0.5. The potato plant material used for transformation was maintained in vitro at MBa medium added 2 μM STS (21,22). By multiplication top shoots as well as nodes were applied, if the leaves were big they were removed. 5 shoots per container with 80 ml medium was left growing at 25°C and 30-35 days after subcultivation the nodes could be used for transformation. The stems of micropropagated plants were cut just above and beneath the node so that only the internodes are used, these may possibly be divided so that the explants are approx. 4 mm long. The explants were floated in the bacterial suspension for 30 min. and blotted dry on a filter paper and transferred to co-cultivation plates (MBa co). The explants were covered with filter paper moistened in liquid MBa, and the plates were covered with cloth for 3 days and left at 25°C. The explants were then washed in liquid MBa containing 800 mg/1. 2 explants per ml were shaken for 18 hours, then blotted dry and transferred to selection medium. The selection medium was solid MBb added 50 mg kanamycin, 800 mg carbenicillin (Duchefa), 0J mg GA 3 (Gibbercllic Acid.Sigma) and 1 mg t-Zeatin per litre. The carbenicillin was added to kill any remaining Agrobacteria. The explants were subcultivatcd every 3 weeks. Regeneration of whole potato plants Shoots from the explants which by subcultivation was more than 1 cm were harvested and transferred to a solid MBa medium containing 400 mg/1 of carbenicillin, 2μM STS and 0.5 mg/1 t-Zeatin. After approx.2 weeks the shoots were transferred to root-formation medium, that is solid MBa with 2 μM STS added. A 5 μM stock of STS was made from 0J9 g of Na 2 S 2 0 3 -5H 2 0 and 10. 19 g of AgN0 3 dissolved in 7 ml of water and sterilised by filtration. After approx. 2 weeks the shoots had rooted and were ready for planting in soil. The plantlets were rinsed in lukewarm water to remove residues of media and planted in small pots with TKS 2 instant sphagnum (Flora Gard, Germany). The plantlets were kept moist during the planting and watered after. The pots were placed in a "tent" of plastic with 100 % humidity and 21-23°C, until the plantlets were rooted in the soil. Then the tent was removed and the plants watered regularly. After 4 weeks of growth the plants were potted into large pots (diameter 27 cm) and transferred to a growth chamber with 16 hours day 22°C and 8 hour night 15°C. When the plants had wiltered down, the tubers were harvested. Generation of microtubers from in vitro propagated potato plants. From an in vitro propagated plant or a selected shoot a node was cut of 5 mm under and 2 mm over the node. The leaf was removed and the explant was placed on a solid growth medium. The medium contained per litre: 4.4 g Murashige and Skoog (MS,(10)) basal salts (Sigma), 60 g sucrose, 2 mg BAP (6-Benzyl-aminopurine, Sigma), 2 g Gelrite (Scott Laboratories, Inc., Carson, California). The explants were incubated for 7 days at 20°C, with 16 h light/ 8 h dark. The plates were then wrapped in aluminium foil and kept in the dark at 20°C for 21-28 days. Then microtubers could be harvested, one per explant. Sprouts from microtubers were generated from the microtubers by cutting the tubers in two halves (from top to bottom). They were then placed on solid MBa medium and incubated in the dark for 7 days at 25°C and the newly developed sprouts could be GUS analysed. Histochemical localisation of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity The tissue was cut in small sections with a razor blade and placed in X-gluc (X-gluc: 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl- β-glucoronidc) is a solution of 50 mg X-gluc dissolved in a buffer with: 0J M NaPO-, ( pH 7 .0 ) , 1 mM K 3 ( Fe ( CN ) 6 ) , 0. 1 mM K^ ( Fe ( CN ) 6 ) -3H 2 0 , 10 mM NaJΞDTA and 3 % sucrose (23)) solution to cover the section. Micro tubers were halved, pot grown tubers were sliced into thin slices, leaves were cut into pieces approx. 0.5 cm 2 and stem tissue was cut into slices approx. 1 mm thick. The sections were incubated in X-gluc for 2-12 hours at 37°C. Care was taken to prevent evaporation. The X-gluc was removed and 96 % ethanol was added to the tissue sections to extract chlorophyll and other pigments. Incubation in ethanol was overnight at 5°C and the following day the tissue was transferred to a 2 % sucrose solution and after approx. 1 hour examined in a dissection scope. Isolation of α-amylase genomic clones Several cDNA clones encoding α-amylase from potato (Solanum tuberosum) had previously been isolated (described in EP-B-0470145). A Pstl-Sall fragment from the plasmid pAmyZ3 (EP-B-0470145) encoding a partial α-amylase was used as probe (see "DNA labelling" in Materials and Methods) to screen the genomic potato λ DNA library (see "Construction of a potato genomic library" in Materials and Methods). Screening of approx. 1.6x10° phages was carried out as described in Materials and Methods. Two positive clones were isolated, gPAmy351 and gPAmv331 by three rounds of plaque purifications. One clone (gPAmy331) was found to be unstable during isolation of the λ DNA (see the method in Materials and Methods), then only the gPAmy351 clone was analyzed in details. A restriction enzyme map of the insert (insert size approx. 22kb) is shown in figure 1. Mapping of the α-amylase encoding part of the genomic sequence was done by Southern transfer of various digests of the clone, followed by hybridization with the Pstl-Sall fragment of pAmyZ3. gPAmy351 contain the whole promoter region of the α-amylase gene and in addition 1270 bp of the structural gene. This covers the sequences encoding 142 amino acids corresponding to approx. 1/3 of the total amino acid sequence encoded by the Amy3/4 type potato α-amylase (407 amino acids, see EP-B-0470145). Subcloning of the genomic fragment containing the g-amylase promoter The EcoRl fragment of approximately 5.5 kb, indicated by an asterisk in figure 1, was subcloned from the gPAmy351 genomic clone into a dephosphorylated EcoRl site of a pBS-vector (see Materials and Methods). This subclone was named Εco 5.5 and it contains the ATG initiation codon and sequences upstream of it (see the next paragraph for a more detailed description of the sequence). These upstream sequences will in the following be referred to as the α- Amy 3 promoter. A large scale plasmid preparation of the Εco 5.5 plasmid was digested with EcoRl and H elll, this creates a 1350 bp fragment which includes the ATG initiation codon as well as putative CAAT and TATA boxes. As shown by others (eg see 24-31) it is often the sequence region counting from the ATG initiation codon and approx 1000-1500 bp upstream that includes the entire promoter, enough to mediate transcription of the gene at the right time and place. The EcoRl-HaelU fragment was subcloned into a pBSK-vector, digested with EcoRl and Smal and dephosphorylated by Alkaline phosphatase (see Materials and Methods). This subclone was named EH8 and the genomic potato fragment it carries was chosen for functional analysis. The identity of the insert in the EH8 plasmid was verified by sequencing with T3 and T7 primers (see Figure 2B and Materials and Methods). Sequencing of the g-amylase promoter Approximately 2900 bp of the insert in gPAmy351 (Figure 1) was sequenced by subcloning various fragments and using the primers shown in figure 6 (see Materials and Methods). This covers 1734 bp upstream of the initiation (ATG) codon and 1440 downstream. The sequence map of the region upstream of the ATG initiation codon is shown in figure 2A and the DNA sequence is shown in figure 3. This sequence is located near the 3' end of the gPAmy351 insert (see figure 1) covering part of the Eco 5.5 kb fragment and the Hindlll and EcoRl sites upstream of the initiation codon, and thereby including the Haelll-EcoRl (EH) fragment chosen for the functional analysis. The α-Amy 3 promoter sequences from the ATG (A in position +1) codon and upstream to position -1734 (see figure 3) were compared with the (EMBL) database of published plant sequences (using the PC-gene program from IntelliGenetics, Inc..California) and also compared with sequences of all organisms. There were no sequences with significant overall homology to the α-Amy 3 promoter. A TATA-box is located at position -365. Comparing the α-Amy3 promoter with published DNA binding sites suggested a CAP site to be localized 21 bp downstream of the TATA box (position -344) and two CAAT boxes, one at position -468, which is 103 bp upstream of the TATA box, and 124 bp upstream of the CAP site, and the other at position -557, 192 bp upstream of the TATA box and 213 bp upstream of the CAP site. The positions of the CAP site, TATA- and CCAAT-box correspond well to the positions found in other eukaryotic polymerase II promoters (32-33) g-amylase promoter deletions Plasmid from a large scale preparation of the EH8 subclonc was banded twice on a CsCl gradient (see Materials and Methods) to obtain pure supcrcoiled DNA. Running a sample of the plasmid DNA on an agarosc gel showed that at least 85% of the preparation was supercoilcd. Then the EH8 plasmid was digested with Bst XI which creates a 3' overhang and with BamHI which creates a 5' overhang end, and care was taken to be sure that the digests were complete. An ExoIII/Mung Bean treatment was done as described in Materials and Methods, and aliquots were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10 and 10.5 min. The different mixtures now containing the nested deletions of the EH8 plasmid were used directly in ligation and transform¬ ation as explained in Materials and Methods. A whole range of deletion subclones were obtained, these are shown in figure 4. They were all sequenced with the T3 and T7 primers (see figure 8) to locate their 5' end in proportion to the α-Amy 3 promoter. The individual start positions are shown in figure 2A where the arrows indicate the start and extent of the sequence reactions of the deleted subclones. Three of the nested deletion subclones were chosen for functional analysis, these were 4-1, 6-15 and 8.5-E (indicated with an asterisk in figure 2B). A large scale plasmid preparation was generated from each of the selected deletions cloned (4-1, 6-15 and 8.5-E) and from the EH8 clone. These were then digested with Sad which cuts in the polylinker of pBSK- and the site blunted (see Materials and Methods) before they were digested with Sal I, which cuts on the opposite site of the promoter insert. A pBIlOl plasmid (see Materials and Methods) containing a promotorless β- glucuronidase (GUS) gene was completely digested with Hindlll and the Hindlll sites blunted as described in Materials and Methods. Afterwards the open plasmid was digested with Sal I thereby creating a pBIlOl Hindlll Blun, /5α/ I vector. Subcloning and transformation The Sac I Blunl/Sal I fragments obtained from the 4-1, 6-15, 8.5-E and EH8 clones were then subcloned into the pBIlOl Hindlll Blml /Sall vector and the ligated plasmids transformed into the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 (sec Materials and Methods). The colonies obtained were tested using the restriction enzymes Pstl and Sail which cut on either side of the inserted fragment. Clones which contained an insert of the right size were then analysed by sequencing with a primer named #589 (see figure 6). The #589 primer primes within the GUS gene of pBIlOl and allows the reading of sequences upstream of the promoterless GUS gene thereby covering the inserted promoter deletions. The pBIlOl plasmids containing the selected promoter deletions were named EH, HFP4, HFP6 and HFP8. In addition, a Southern transfer of the Pstl and Sal I digested plasmids was hybridized with a labelled insert from the EH8 clone which contained the largest fragment of the α-Amy 3 promoter region, to verify the origin of the inserts. To produce a smaller fragment than the one covered by 4-1, 6-15, 8.5-E or EH8, another subclone was created, the HE subclone. This was accomplished by digesting the EH8 subclone with EcoRl and blunt end the EcoRl site followed by a digest of Hindlll and then isolate the 288 bp fragment containing 3'end promoter sequences (see figure 2B for position of the HE fragment). For subcloning this Hindlll/EcoRl Biml fragment into a pBIlOl vector digested with Smal and Hindlll was used in the ligation reaction. The resulting plasmid is called HE and was transformed into the Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 (sec Materials and Methods). The colonies obtained on kanamycin plates were tested by digesting purified plasmid with the restriction enzymes Hindlll and SnaBI. Plasmids from selected colonies were subjected to sequence analysis with the #589 primer as explained above. In total, five deletions of the α-Amy 3 promoter constructs have been made as explained in the preceding sctions. They cover 1350 bp (EH8). 853 bp (HFP4), 672 bp (HFP6), 506 bp (HFP8) and 288 bp (HE) of the sequences upstream of the EcoRl site 5' to the ATG codon (see figure 2 and figure 5). They were cloned in front of the promoterless GUS gene of the pBIl l vector (see Materials and Methods). Transformation of potato with the promoter constructs Six LBA4404 colonies containing the 5 deletion constructs and the pBIlOl, were selected and used for transformation of Saturna stem tissue as described in Materials and Methods. As a negative control some Saturna explants were incubated with nontransformed LBA4404 bacteria and nontransformed shoots obtained from selection plates without kanamycin. As a positive control some Saturna explants were incubated with LBA4404 previously transformed with the pBI121 plasmid. pBI121 contain a GUS cassette controlled by the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter which is constitutive!}' expressed in most plant tissues (34-38). All regenerated shoots after the first (22 days) and second (49 days) harvest were discarded. After 68 days were 40 shoots from each deletion construct, 10 shoot from the negative control and 15 shoots from the positive control harvested and transferred to root induction medium (see Materials and Methods). Each shoots represents, putatively, an individual transformation event and will in the following be referred to as lines. Each line, if the plant is transformed, represent an independent transformation event. Expression of GUS in leaves of putatively transformed lines Leaves from the regenerated lines were all GUS tested after root formation. An expression analysis of the α-amylase genes of the present invention revealed that the α-amylase type 3/4 is expressed in tuber-, sprout-, stem- and root tissue but no expression was found in leaves. The GUS testing of leaves, from the putatively transformed deletion lines, from the lines transformed with the pBIlOl plasmid, and from the nontransformed control lines, revealed that there were no GUS activity in any of these. In contrast, GUS testing of plants transformed with the positive control plasmid pBI121 showed GUS expression in the leaves in nearly all the plants (see table 1). Expression of GUS in microtubers and sprouts Micro tubers from the lines described above were generated as described in Materials and Methods. These microtubers were examined for their GUS activity and lines containing the EH8, HFP4 and HFP6 deletion constructs showed positive GUS staining. Again the pBI121 control lines gave GUS positive microtubers while the lines containing the pBIlOl plasmid showed negative microtubers. Also non- transformed lines microtubers showed no GUS activity as well as lines transformed with the deletion constructs HFP8 and HE. Sprouts generated from microtubers (see Materials and Methods) were also GUS analysed and only the lines transformed with the pBI121 (positive control) showed GUS activity. The results are summarized in Table 1, shown below. Pot grown * The numbers in brackets are the total numbers of lines tested. (TD= transformed; EP = Explant) Expression of GUS in other parts of the planlets When microtubers are generated they are formed at the end of the stem explant. On top of the explant most often two leaf-like structures are formed. These stem-like explants and the leaf-like tops were examined for GUS activity. As summarized in table 1, none of the deletions containing lines showed any GUS activity in either the stem-or leaf-like tissues of the explants. All the pBU21 lines which showed GUS activity in their microtuber also had GUS activity in the stem- and leaf-like structures of the explant. Expression of GUS in leaves, roots, stems and tubers of pot grown lines The regenerated potato lines were also grown in pots in a growth chamber (at 22 " C, 16h light and 15°C, 8h dark) and leaves, roots, stems and tubers were GUS analysed. None of the plant lines, except the control lines containing the pBI121 construction, showed GUS activity in the leaves as summarized in Table 1 and Table 2. Investigation of GUS expression in tubers harvested from the pot grown plants, repeated the pattern already seen with the lines tested in the microtubers. The plants carrying one of three constructs EH8, HFP4 and HFP6 showed GUS activity in the tubers while the plants earring the HFP8, HE or pBIlOl constructs showed no GUS activity in their tubers. Again the plants earring the pBI121 construct had GUS activity in their pot grown tubers as expected. A GUS analysis of the lines listed in table 2 (except for the positive control plants earring pBI121) showed that there were no GUS activity found in root, stem or leaf tissues even though the lines EH8, HFP4 and HFP6 containing lines clearly showed GUS activity in both microtuber and pot grown tubers. TABLE 2 TABLE 2 Expression of GUS in pot grown potatoes Line No. Construct Stem Leaf Root Tuber Saturna control EH8 K702-15.2 K702-41.6 K702-47.3 K702-28.2 HFP4 K699-2.2 K699-31.5 K699-44.2 HFP6 K700-1.5 K700-24.3 K700-38.2 HFP8 K703-44.6 0 HE K701-5.3 K701-15.2 K701-18.2 K701-16.2 K701-49.2 pBI121 K601-10.4 K661-15.3 In conclusion, it is clear that none of the α-Amy 3 promoter deletion constructs covering 1534 bp upstream of the ATG initiation codon leads to expression of an otherwise promotcrlcss GUS gene in leaves of plantlets or pot grown plants, in leaf- and stem-like tissues of microtuber explants or in roots and stems of pot grown plants. GUS expression is only found in microtubers and pot grown tubers clearly showing that this α-Amy 3 promoter contains a tuber specific clement clearly separable from the stem, sprout and root expressing elemcnt(s) situated upstream of the EH8 deletions 5' end. In addition this invention also shows that the tuber specific clement is situated near and upstream of the HFP8 deletions 5'cnd and is covered by the delta sequence. This invention also show that the stem, sprout and root expressing clement(s) is positionen upstream of the 5' end of EH8, since neither EH8, HFP4, HFP6, HFP8 nor EH constructs gave GUS expression in these tissues. It is therefore concluded that the elements directing root-specific, stem-specific and sprout-specific expression are located far upstream in the 351 promoter. The applicability of the promoters is widespread. With the promoters it is possible to direct the expression of proteins into different tissues in the potato plant. It is even possible to direct the expression of proteins into different tissues in other dicot plants. pJK4 The potato α-amylase encoding sequences originate from plasmid pAmyZ4 (see detailed description in EP-B-0470145). Briefly pAmyZ4 encodes a 407 amino acid long potato α-amylase precursor and in addition contains 149 bp 5' and 201 bp 3' untranslated sequences positioned in the EcoRl site of the plasmid pBSK-'s polylinker. The antisense α-amylase construction pJK4, containing the sequence shown as SEQ. I.D. No. 19, was made by using the Sad and EcoR fragment from pAMYZ4 and subcloning it into an appropriate plasmid - such as Smal and SacI digested pEPL plasmid (see Figure 10). This places the antisense sequence downstream of an enhanced 35S promoter (E35S) and upstream of the DW2t terminator. This plasmid is called pEPLZ4Sac-Eco and a partial Hindlll fragment containing the E35S promoter, the antisense potato sequence and the DW2t terminator was further subcloned into a Hindlll digested pBI121, thereby creating the binary plasmid pJK4, see figure 9. Other modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. 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SEQUENCE LISTING ( 1 ) GENERAL INFORMATION NAME OF APPLICANTS DANISCO A/S BUSINESS ADDRESS: Langebrogade 1 DK-1001 Copenhagen K Denmark TITLE OF INVENTION: PROMOTER (2a) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 1 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuierosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 166 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: 10 20 30 40 ATAGCTTGAG GCGAAAATAT TTAATAAAAA CACTTCTTAA 50 60 70 80 TTTGTTTATA TGTTCAATTG AACATGTCCG TGATTAGAAA 90 100 110 120 ATTAAATTAA ATTCAATGAC AAATTTAATA ATTTGACACA 130 140 150 160 AAATTTATGA AAAAAATATC AAAATATAAA GAAATATTTT TTTTGA (2b) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 2 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuierosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 291 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: 10 20 30 40 AAGCTTCCAA TGAACCGTTG CCATGTGTCA CTGCCTATTC 50 60 70 80 ACCGCGAAAC ATGAATATCA CTGACGAACG ATTTCGGAGC 90 100 110 120 GGAACGAATC CAGAAAATGG ATTACTTTCT ATAAATTCCT 130 140 150 160 CGAATCTCAA CTCCATTTCG TAAAAATAAA ATTAAAAATA 170 180 190 200 TTGTTTCTTT TTGTATTTCT TTTTGTATTT CTGGTTTATG 210 220 230 240 TGGTGATCGA ATTTTCAATT TTTTTACTGG TAGTGATTCC 250 260 270 280 TACTTTTCTT CAATTGCATT TCTCCTTTTT CCATTTCACG 290 GTTGAGAATT C (2c) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 508 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: AATGGATTAA AAAGAAAAAA AAAACAAATA AATTGAACCG 40 GGATAAGTTG GTTGTTTAAT TGATTATTGA TTATGATCTC 80 AATTTGACAT TTTGCGCGAT CTTTCGACCT CAATTCGTAT 120 GAACTGACAC TACGCCAATG GACAGTCGCC GTCGTCACCG 160 CCACCGCACT ATTCTCGACG CGTCGTCTAT CTCCTCCACC 200 CCACAGCCGT CAATTCCAAG CTTCCAATGA ACCGTTGCCA 240 TGTGTCACTG CCTATTCACC GCGAAACATG AATATCACTG 280 ACGAACGATT TCGGAGCGGA ACGAATCCAG AAAATGGATT 320 ACTTTCTATA AATTCCTCGA ATCTCAACTC CATTTCGTAA 360 AAATAAAATT AAAAATATTG TTTCTTTTTG TATTTCTTTT 400 TGTATTTCTG GTTTATGTGG TGATCGAATT TTCAATTTTT 440 TTACTGGTAG TGATTCCTAC TTTTCTTCAA TTGCATTTCT 480 CCTTTTTCCA TTTCACGGTT GAGAATTC 508 (2d) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 4 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 514 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: TTTT 04 GAAATGGATT AAAAAGAAAA AAAAAACAAA TAAATTGAAC 44 CGGGATAAGT TGGTTGTTTA ATTGATTATT GATTATGATC 84 TCAATTTGAC ATTTTGCGCG ATCTTTCGAC CTCAATTCGT 124 ATGAACTGAC ACTACGCCAA TGGACAGTCG CCGTCGTCAC 164 CGCCACCGCA CTATTCTCGA CGCGTCGTCT ATCTCCTCCA 204 CCCCACAGCC GTCAATTCCA AGCTTCCAAT GAACCGTTGC 244 CATGTGTCAC TGCCTATTCA CCGCGAAACA TGAATATCAC 284 TGACGAACGA TTTCGGAGCG GAACGAATCC AGAAAATGGA 324 TTACTTTCTA TAAATTCCTC GAATCTCAAC TCCATTTCGT 364 AAAAATAAAA TTAAAAATAT TGTTTCTTTT TGTATTTCTT 404 TTTGTATTTC TGGTTTATGT GGTGATCGAA TTTTCAATTT 444 TTTTACTGGT AGTGATTCCT ACTTTTCTTC AATTGCATTT 484 CTCCTTTTTC CATTTCACGG TTGAGAATTC 510 (2e) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 5 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 518 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: TTTTTTTTGA AATGGATTAA AAAGAAAAAA AAAACAAATA 40 AATTGAACCG GGATAAGTTG GTTGTTTAAT TGATTATTGA 80 TTATGATCTC AATTTGACAT TTTGCGCGAT CTTTCGACCT 120 CAATTCGTAT GAACTGACAC TACGCCAATG GACAGTCGCC 160 GTCGTCACCG CCACCGCACT ATTCTCGACG CGTCGTCTAT 200 CTCCTCCACC CCACAGCCGT CAATTCCAAG CTTCCAATGA 240 ACCGTTGCCA TGTGTCACTG CCTATTCACC GCGAAACATG 280 AATATCACTG ACGAACGATT TCGGAGCGGA ACGAATCCAG 320 AAAATGGATT ACTTTCTATA AATTCCTCGA ATCTCAACTC 360 CATTTCGTAA AAATAAAATT AAAAATATTG TTTCTTTTTG 400 TATTTCTTTT TGTATTTCTG GTTTATGTGG TGATCGAATT 440 TTCAATTTTT TTACTGGTAG TGATTCCTAC TTTTCTTCAA 480 TTGCATTTCT CCTTTTTCCA TTTCACGGTT GAGAATTC 518 (2f) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 6 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 631 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: GTTTATATGT TCAATTGAAC ATGTCCGTGA TTAGAAAATT 40 AAATTAAATT CAATGACAAA TTTAATAATT TGACACAAAA 80 TTTATGAAAA AAATATCAAA ATATAAAGAA ATATTTTTTT 120 TGAAATGGAT TAAAAAGAAA AAAAAAACAA ATAAATTGAA 160 CCGGGATAAG TTGGTTGTTT AATTGATTAT TGATTATGAT 200 CTCAATTTGA CATTTTGCGC GATCTTTCGA CCTCAATTCG 240 TATGAACTGA CACTACGCCA ATGGACAGTC GCCGTCGTCA 280 CCGCCACCGC ACTATTCTCG ACGCGTCGTC TATCTCCTCC 320 ACCCCACAGC CGTCAATTCC AAGCTTCCAA TGAACCGTTG 360 CCATGTGTCA CTGCCTATTC ACCGCGAAAC ATGAATATCA 400 CTGACGAACG ATTTCGGAGC GGAACGAATC CAGAAAATGG 440 ATTACTTTCT ATAAATTCCT CGAATCTCAA CTCCATTTCG 480 TAAAAATAAA ATTAAAAATA TTGTTTCTTT TTGTATTTCT 520 TTTTGTATTT CTGGTTTATG TGGTGATCGA ATTTTCAATT 560 TTTTTACTGG TAGTGATTCC TACTTTTCTT CAATTGCATT 600 TCTCCTTTTT CCATTTCACG GTTGAGAATT C 631 (2g) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 7 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 674 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: ATAGCTTGAG GCGAAAATAT TTAATAAAAA CACTTCTTAA 40 TTTGTTTATA TGTTCAATTG AACATGTCCG TGATTAGAAA 80 ATTAAATTAA ATTCAATGAC AAATTTAATA ATTTGACACA 120 AAATTTATGA AAAAAATATC AAAATATAAA GAAATATTTT 160 TTTTGAAATG GATTAAAAAG AAAAAAAAAA CAAATAAATT 200 GAACCGGGAT AAGTTGGTTG TTTAATTGAT TATTGATTAT 240 GATCTCAATT TGACATTTTG CGCGATCTTT CGACCTCAAT 280 TCGTATGAAC TGACACTACG CCAATGGACA GTCGCCGTCG 320 TCACCGCCAC CGCACTATTC TCGACGCGTC GTCTATCTCC 360 TCCACCCCAC AGCCGTCAAT TCCAAGCTTC CAATGAACCG 400 TTGCCATGTG TCACTGCCTA TTCACCGCGA AACATGAATA 440 TCACTGACGA ACGATTTCGG AGCGGAACGA ATCCAGAAAA 480 TGGATTACTT TCTATAAATT CCTCGAATCT CAACTCCATT 520 TCGTAAAAAT AAAATTAAAA ATATTGTTTC TTTTTGTATT 560 TCTTTTTGTA TTTCTGGTTT ATGTGGTGAT CGAATTTTCA 600 ATTTTTTTAC TGGTAGTGAT TCCTACTTTT CTTCAATTGC 640 ATTTCTCCTT TTTCCATTTC ACGGTTGAGA ATTC 674 (2h) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 8 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 687 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: TTCCTTTCCT CATATAGCTT GAGGCGAAAA TATTTAATAA 40 AAACACTTCT TAATTTGTTT ATATGTTCAA TTGAACATGT 80 CCGTGATTAG AAAATTAAAT TAAATTCAAT GACAAATTTA 120 ATAATTTGAC ACAAAATTTA TGAAAAAAAT ATCAAAATAT 160 AAAGAAATAT TTTTTTTGAA ATGGATTAAA AAGAAAAAAA 200 AAACAAATAA ATTGAACCGG GATAAGTTGG TTGTTTAATT 240 GATTATTGAT TATGATCTCA ATTTGACATT TTGCGCGATC 280 TTTCGACCTC AATTCGTATG AACTGACACT ACGCCAATGG 320 ACAGTCGCCG TCGTCACCGC CACCGCACTA TTCTCGACGC 360 GTCGTCTATC TCCTCCACCC CACAGCCGTC AATTCCAAGC 400 TTCCAATGAA CCGTTGCCAT GTGTCACTGC CTATTCACCG 440 CGAAACATGA ATATCACTGA CGAACGATTT CGGAGCGGAA 480 CGAATCCAGA AAATGGATTA CTTTCTATAA ATTCCTCGAA 520 TCTCAACTCC ATTTCGTAAA AATAAAATTA AAAATATTGT 560 TTCTTTTTGT ATTTCTTTTT GTATTTCTGG TTTATGTGGT 600 GATCGAATTT TCAATTTTTT TACTGGTAGT GATTCCTACT 640 TTTCTTCAAT TGCATTTCTC CTTTTTCCAT TTCACGGTTG 680 AGAATTC 687 (2i) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 693 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: CACTGATTCC TTTCCTCATA TAGCTTGAGG CGAAAATATT 40 TAATAAAAAC ACTTCTTAAT TTGTTTATAT GTTCAATTGA 80 ACATGTCCGT GATTAGAAAA TTAAATTAAA TTCAATGACA 120 AATTTAATAA TTTGACACAA AATTTATGAA AAAAATATCA 160 AAATATAAAG AAATATTTTT TTTGAAATGG ATTAAAAAGA 200 AAAAAAAAAC AAATAAATTG AACCGGGATA AGTTGGTTGT 240 TTAATTGATT ATTGATTATG ATCTCAATTT GACATTTTGC 280 GCGATCTTTC GACCTCAATT CGTATGAACT GACACTACGC 320 CAATGGACAG TCGCCGTCGT CACCGCCACC GCACTATTCT 360 CGACGCGTCG TCTATCTCCT CCACCCCACA GCCGTCAATT 400 CCAAGCTTCC AATGAACCGT TGCCATGTGT CACTGCCTAT 440 TCACCGCGAA ACATGAATAT CACTGACGAA CGATTTCGGA 480 GCGGAACGAA TCCAGAAAAT GGATTACTTT CTATAAATTC 520 CTCGAATCTC AACTCCATTT CGTAAAAATA AAATTAAAAA 560 TATTGTTTCT TTTTGTATTT CTTTTTGTAT TTCTGGTTTA 600 TGTGGTGATC GAATTTTCAA TTTTTTTACT GGTAGTGATT 640 CCTACTTTTC TTCAATTGCA TTTCTCCTTT TTCCATTTCA 680 CGGTTGAGAA TTC 693 (2j) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 10 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 758 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: CTTGCGCCTT TCCCTAAATT AAGTAAAACT CTTCGCCTCA 40 TGCCTTACGC CTCCGCCTTT TAAAACACTG ATTCCTTTCC 80 TCATATAGCT TGAGGCGAAA ATATTTAATA AAAACACTTC 120 TTAATTTGTT TATATGTTCA ATTGAACATG TCCGTGATTA 160 GAAAATTAAA TTAAATTCAA TGACAAATTT AATAATTTGA 200 CACAAAATTT ATGAAAAAAA TATCAAAATA TAAAGAAATA 240 TTTTTTTTGA AATGGATTAA AAAGAAAAAA AAAACAAATA 280 AATTGAACCG GGATAAGTTG GTTGTTTAAT TGATTATTGA 320 TTATGATCTC AATTTGACAT TTTGCGCGAT CTTTCGACCT 360 CAATTCGTAT GAACTGACAC TACGCCAATG GACAGTCGCC 400 GTCGTCACCG CCACCGCACT ATTCTCGACG CGTCGTCTAT 440 CTCCTCCACC CCACAGCCGT CAATTCCAAG CTTCCAATGA 480 ACCGTTGCCA TGTGTCACTG CCTATTCACC GCGAAACATG 520 AATATCACTG ACGAACGATT TCGGAGCGGA ACGAATCCAG 560 AAAATGGATT ACTTTCTATA AATTCCTCGA ATCTCAACTC 600 CATTTCGTAA AAATAAAATT AAAAATATTG TTTCTTTTTG 640 TATTTCTTTT TGTATTTCTG GTTTATGTGG TGATCGAATT 680 TTCAATTTTT TTACTGGTAG TGATTCCTAC TTTTCTTCAA 720 TTGCATTTCT CCTTTTTCCA TTTCACGGTT GAGAATTC 758 (2k) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 11 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 855 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: CAAATTTTGA TGTATTTTTA TAATTTTGTA TTATTATATT 40 ATTATACTAT ATTTAAAAAT TTAAAGATCC ATAGGGCTTA 80 CGCCCCACGT CAAGAGGCTT GCGCCTTTCC CTAAATTAAG 120 TAAAACTCTT CGCCTCATGC CTTACGCCTC CGCCTTTTAA 160 AACACTGATT CCTTTCCTCA TATAGCTTGA GGCGAAAATA 200 TTTAATAAAA ACACTTCTTA ATTTGTTTAT ATGTTCAATT 240 GAACATGTCC GTGATTAGAA AATTAAATTA AATTCAATGA 280 CAAATTTAAT AATTTGACAC AAAATTTATG AAAAAAATAT 320 CAAAATATAA AGAAATATTT TTTTTGAAAT GGATTAAAAA 360 GAAAAAAAAA ACAAATAAAT TGAACCGGGA TAAGTTGGTT 400 GTTTAATTGA TTATTGATTA TGATCTCAAT TTGACATTTT 440 GCGCGATCTT TCGACCTCAA TTCGTATGAA CTGACACTAC 480 GCCAATGGAC AGTCGCCGTC GTCACCGCCA CCGCACTATT 520 CTCGACGCGT CGTCTATCTC CTCCACCCCA CAGCCGTCAA 560 TTCCAAGCTT CCAATGAACC GTTGCCATGT GTCACTGCCT 600 ATTCACCGCG AAACATGAAT ATCACTGACG AACGATTTCG 640 GAGCGGAACG AATCCAGAAA ATGGATTACT TTCTATAAAT 680 TCCTCGAATC TCAACTCCAT TTCGTAAAAA TAAAATTAAA 720 AATATTGTTT CTTTTTGTAT TTCTTTTTGT ATTTCTGGTT 760 TATGTGGTGA TCGAATTTTC AATTTTTTTA CTGGTAGTGA 800 TTCCTACTTT TCTTCAATTG CATTTCTCCT TTTTCCATTT 840 CACGGTTGAG AATTC 855 (21) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 12 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 859 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: ATTTCAAATT TTGATGTATT TTTATAATTT TGTATTATTA 40 TATTATTATA CTATATTTAA AAATTTAAAG ATCCATAGGG 80 CTTACGCCCC ACGTCAAGAG GCTTGCGCCT TTCCCTAAAT 120 TAAGTAAAAC TCTTCGCCTC ATGCCTTACG CCTCCGCCTT 160 TTAAAACACT GATTCCTTTC CTCATATAGC TTGAGGCGAA 200 AATATTTAAT AAAAACACTT CTTAATTTGT TTATATGTTC 240 AATTGAACAT GTCCGTGATT AGAAAATTAA ATTAAATTCA 280 ATGACAAATT TAATAATTTG ACACAAAATT TATGAAAAAA 320 ATATCAAAAT ATAAAGAAAT ATTTTTTTTG AAATGGATTA 360 AAAAGAAAAA AAAAACAAAT AAATTGAACC GGGATAAGTT 400 GGTTGTTTAA TTGATTATTG ATTATGATCT CAATTTGACA 440 TTTTGCGCGA TCTTTCGACC TCAATTCGTA TGAACTGACA 480 CTACGCCAAT GGACAGTCGC CGTCGTCACC GCCACCGCAC 520 TATTCTCGAC GCGTCGTCTA TCTCCTCCAC CCCACAGCCG 560 TCAATTCCAA GCTTCCAATG AACCGTTGCC ATGTGTCACT 600 GCCTATTCAC CGCGAAACAT GAATATCACT GACGAACGAT 640 TTCGGAGCGG AACGAATCCA GAAAATGGAT TACTTTCTAT 680 AAATTCCTCG AATCTCAACT CCATTTCGTA AAAATAAAAT 720 TAAAAATATT GTTTCTTTTT GTATTTCTTT TTGTATTTCT 760 GGTTTATGTG GTGATCGAAT TTTCAATTTT TTTACTGGTA 800 GTGATTCCTA CTTTTCTTCA ATTGCATTTC TCCTTTTTCC 840 ATTTCACGGT TGAGAATTC 859 u(2m) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 13 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1214 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: GAAGGTGATT ATACATTACG TAACATTTCT TTTAAAAATA 40 TGTAAGCAAA TTTACTTTTT AACTTATCAT TGATCTTCAT 80 GGTTTTGTCA TAAATCTCAA AGTTATCATA TTTTATATAG 120 CTATTTGAAA GTAATTTTAT TTTTACTCAT CATTGAGTGA 160 TGCTTTTATT ATAATACTAG TAAGTTTTAT TTATTATTTT 200 CTTTTAGGGG TGAATTGTAT AATATAATAA AAAATATATT 240 TTTAGAAATA ATGATTCTTT TATTATTAAA AAGTTAAGAT 280 ATTAGATTAT TTATGCTTGT ATAATAATGA ACGAAGTTTT 320 ATTTTCTATG AGTTTCATTA ATCATGTTTG TAATTATTTC 360 AAATTTTGAT GTATTTTTAT AATTTTGTAT TATTATATTA 400 TTATACTATA TTTAAAAATT TAAAGATCCA TAGGGCTTAC 440 GCCCCACGTC AAGAGGCTTG CGCCTTTCCC TAAATTAAGT 480 AAAACTCTTC GCCTCATGCC TTACGCCTCC GCCTTTTAAA 520 ACACTGATTC CTTTCCTCAT ATAGCTTGAG GCGAAAATAT 560 TTAATAAAAA CACTTCTTAA TTTGTTTATA TGTTCAATTG 600 AACATGTCCG TGATTAGAAA ATTAAATTAA ATTCAATGAC 640 AAATTTAATA ATTTGACACA AAATTTATGA AAAAAATATC 680 AAAATATAAA GAAATATTTT TTTTGAAATG GATTAAAAAG 720 AAAAAAAAAA CAAATAAATT GAACCGGGAT AAGTTGGTTG 760 TTTAATTGAT TATTGATTAT GATCTCAATT TGACATTTTG 800 CGCGATCTTT CGACCTCAAT TCGTATGAAC TGACACTACG 840 CCAATGGACA GTCGCCGTCG TCACCGCCAC CGCACTATTC 880 TCGACGCGTC GTCTATCTCC TCCACCCCAC AGCCGTCAAT 920 TCCAAGCTTC CAATGAACCG TTGCCATGTG TCACTGCCTA 960 TTCACCGCGA AACATGAATA TCACTGACGA ACGATTTCGG 1000 AGCGGAACGA ATCCAGAAAA TGGATTACTT TCTATAAATT 1040 CCTCGAATCT CAACTCCATT TCGTAAAAAT AAAATTAAAA 1080 ATATTGTTTC TTTTTGTATT TCTTTTTGTA TTTCTGGTTT 1120 ATGTGGTGAT CGAATTTTCA ATTTTTTTAC TGGTAGTGAT 1160 TCCTACTTTT CTTCAATTGC ATTTCTCCTT TTTCCATTTC 1200 ACGGTTGAGA AT C 1214 (2n) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 14 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1232 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: ACTATTTGAT AACATTATGA AGGTGATTAT ACATTACGTA 40 ACATTTCTTT TAAAAATATG TAAGCAAATT TACTTTTTAA 80 CTTATCATTG ATCTTCATGG TTTTGTCATA AATCTCAAAG 120 TTATCATATT TTATATAGCT ATTTGAAAGT AATTTTATTT 160 TTACTCATCA TTGAGTGATG CTTTTATTAT AATACTAGTA 200 AGTTTTATTT ATTATTTTCT TTTAGGGGTG AATTGTATAA 240 TATAATAAAA AATATATTTT TAGAAATAAT GATTCTTTTA 280 TTATTAAAAA GTTAAGATAT TAGATTATTT ATGCTTGTAT 320 AATAATGAAC GAAGTTTTAT TTTCTATGAG TTTCATTAAT 360 CATGTTTGTA ATTATTTCAA ATTTTGATGT ATTTTTATAA 400 TTTTGTATTA TTATATTATT ATACTATATT TAAAAATTTA 440 AAGATCCATA GGGCTTACGC CCCACGTCAA GAGGCTTGCG 480 CCTTTCCCTA AATTAAGTAA AACTCTTCGC CTCATGCCTT 520 ACGCCTCCGC CTTTTAAAAC ACTGATTCCT TTCCTCATAT 560 AGCTTGAGGC GAAAATATTT AATAAAAACA CTTCTTAATT 600 TGTTTATATG TTCAATTGAA CATGTCCGTG ATTAGAAAAT 640 TAAATTAAAT TCAATGACAA ATTTAATAAT TTGACACAAA 680 ATTTATGAAA AAAATATCAA AATATAAAGA AATATTTTTT 720 TTGAAATGGA TTAAAAAGAA AAAAAAAACA AATAAATTGA 760 ACCGGGATAA GTTGGTTGTT TAATTGATTA TTGATTATGA 800 TCTCAATTTG ACATTTTGCG CGATCTTTCG ACCTCAATTC 840 GTATGAACTG ACACTACGCC AATGGACAGT CGCCGTCGTC 880 ACCGCCACCG CACTATTCTC GACGCGTCGT CTATCTCCTC 920 CACCCCACAG CCGTCAATTC CAAGCTTCCA ATGAACCGTT 960 GCCATGTGTC ACTGCCTATT CACCGCGAAA CATGAATATC 1000 ACTGACGAAC GATTTCGGAG CGGAACGAAT CCAGAAAATG 1040 GATTACTTTC TATAAATTCC TCGAATCTCA ACTCCATTTC 1080 GTAAAAATAA AATTAAAAAT ATTGTTTCTT TTTGTATTTC 1120 TTTTTGTATT TCTGGTTTAT GTGGTGATCG AATTTTCAAT 1160 TTTTTTACTG GTAGTGATTC CTACTTTTCT TCAATTGCAT 1200 TTCTCCTTTT TCCATTTCAC GGTTGAGAAT TC 1232 (2o) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 15 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1352 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: (2p) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 16 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuierosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1734 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: 10 20 30 40 TCTTTAAGTT GTTTGCTTGA TTTTTCTTCT TCAATCTTCT 50 60 70 80 ATATTTAATT CGTTTTAGCT TCAAACTTCT TCAATTTTAT 90 100 110 120 TTCAATTTAA TTCTACAAAA AAAATCTCTA TTTAGCACCA 130 140 150 160 TTCATAAAAT TCATGCTCAA AATGGGCAAA CATAAATAAT 170 180 190 200 AAATGTGAAG TAAATAATGG ATTAAAATAT ATATTTTTGG 210 220 230 240 GCCTCACATC AACCTTCATA ATTCTTGAAT GAATGAATGA 250 260 270 280 TAGACTTCAT AATTTTTTAA CCTATACATA TAAGAAAATT 290 300 310 320 GAGAGTAACT CAAATAACAA GTTGTAGTAT CACATCTTTA 330 340 350 360 CTATTTGATA ACATTATGAA GGTGATTATA CATTACGTAA 370 380 390 400 CATTTCTTTT AAAAATATGT AAGCAAATTT ACTTTTTAAC 410 420 430 440 TTATCATTGA TCTTCATGGT TTTGTCATAA ATCTCAAAGT 450 460 470 480 TATCATATTT TATATAGCTA TTTGAAAGTA ATTTTATTTT 490 500 510 520 TACTCATCAT TGAGTGATGC TTTTATTATA ATACTAGTAA 530 540 550 560 GTTTTATTTA TTATTTTCTT TTAGGGGTGA ATTGTATAAT 570 580 590 600 ATAATAAAAA ATATATTTTT AGAAATAATG ATTCTTTTAT 610 620 630 640 TATTAAAAAG TTAAGATATT AGATTATTTA TGCTTGTATA 650 660 670 680 ATAATGAACG AAGTTTTATT TTCTATGAGT TTCATTAATC 690 700 710 720 ATGTTTGTAA TTATTTCAAA TTTTGATGTA TTTTTATAAT 730 740 750 760 TTTGTATTAT TATATTATTA TACTATATTT AAAAATTTAA 770 780 790 800 AGATCCATAG GGCTTACGCC CCACGTCAAG AGGCTTGCGC 810 820 830 840 CTTTCCCTAA ATTAAGTAAA ACTCTTCGCC TCATGCCTTA 850 860 870 880 CGCCTCCGCC TTTTAAAACA CTGATTCCTT TCCTCATATA 890 900 910 920 GCTTGAGGCG AAAATATTTA ATAAAAACAC TTCTTAATTT 930 940 950 960 GTTTATATGT TCAATTGAAC ATGTCCGTGA TTAGAAAATT 970 980 990 1000 AAATTAAATT CAATGACAAA TTTAATAATT TGACACAAAA 1010 1020 1030 1040 TTTATGAAAA AAATATCAAA ATATAAAGAA ATATTTTTTT 1050 1060 1070 1080 TGAAATGGAT TAAAAAGAAA AAAAAAACAA ATAAATTGAA 1090 1100 1110 1120 CCGGGATAAG TTGGTTGTTT AATTGATTAT TGATTATGAT 1130 1140 1150 1160 CTCAATTTGA CATTTTGCGC GATCTTTCGA CCTCAATTCG 1170 1180 1190 1200 TATGAACTGA CACTACGCCA ATGGACAGTC GCCGTCGTCA 1210 1220 1230 1240 CCGCCACCGC ACTATTCTCG ACGCGTCGTC TATCTCCTCC 1250 1260 1270 1280 ACCCCACAGC CGTCAATTCC AAGCTTCCAA TGAACCGTTG 1290 1300 1310 1320 CCATGTGTCA CTGCCTATTC ACCGCGAAAC ATGAATATCA 1330 1340 1350 1360 CTGACGAACG ATTTCGGAGC GGAACGAATC CAGAAAATGG 1370 1380 1390 1400 ATTACTTTCT ATAAATTCCT CGAATCTCAA CTCCATTTCG 1410 1420 1430 1440 TAAAAATAAA ATTAAAAATA TTGTTTCTTT TTGTATTTCT 1450 1460 1470 1480 TTTTGTATTT CTGGTTTATG TGGTGATCGA ATTTTCAATT 1490 1500 1510 1520 TTTTTACTGG TAGTGATTCC TACTTTTCTT CAATTGCATT 1530 1540 1550 1560 TCTCCTTTTT CCATTTCACG GTTGAGAATT CATGATTCCT 1570 1580 1590 1600 TATCAGAGGA ATCGATCCGA TTTGACTAAT TTCACTTTTC 1610 1620 1630 1640 GTCTGTATAA ATACCAGAGT ATCTAGGTTG AGGAACGTAA 1650 1660 1670 1680 TTTCAAGCTG CGATCGGCTT TTTCCCCTGA ACGAGCAAAC 1690 1700 1710 1720 ACAGGTTGTG GGTTCGAGTT AGCAAGGGAC GTATAATCTC 1730 AACTACAATC CATT (2q) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 17 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1920 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: 10 20 30 40 TCTTTAAGTT GTTTGCTTGA TTTTTCTTCT TCAATCTTCT 50 60 70 80 ATATTTAATT CGTTTTAGCT TCAAACTTCT TCAATTTTAT 90 100 110 120 TTCAATTTAA TTCTACAAAA AAAATCTCTA TTTAGCACCA 130 140 150 160 TTCATAAAAT TCATGCTCAA AATGGGCAAA CATAAATAAT 170 180 190 200 AAATGTGAAG TAAATAATGG ATTAAAATAT ATATTTTTGG 210 220 230 240 GCCTCACATC AACCTTCATA ATTCTTGAAT GAATGAATGA 250 260 270 280 TAGACTTCAT AATTTTTTAA CCTATACATA TAAGAAAATT 290 300 310 320 GAGAGTAACT CAAATAACAA GTTGTAGTAT CACATCTTTA 330 340 350 360 CTATTTGATA ACATTATGAA GGTGATTATA CATTACGTAA 370 380 390 400 CATTTCTTTT AAAAATATGT AAGCAAATTT ACTTTTTAAC 410 420 430 440 TTATCATTGA TCTTCATGGT TTTGTCATAA ATCTCAAAGT 450 460 470 480 TATCATATTT TATATAGCTA TTTGAAAGTA ATTTTATTTT 490 500 510 520 TACTCATCAT TGAGTGATGC TTTTATTATA ATACTAGTAA 530 540 550 560 GTTTTATTTA TTATTTTCTT TTAGGGGTGA ATTGTATAAT 570 580 590 600 ATAATAAAAA ATATATTTTT AGAAATAATG ATTCTTTTAT 610 620 630 640 TATTAAAAAG TTAAGATATT AGATTATTTA TGCTTGTATA 650 660 670 680 ATAATGAACG AAGTTTTATT TTCTATGAGT TTCATTAATC 690 700 710 720 ATGTTTGTAA TTATTTCAAA TTTTGATGTA TTTTTATAAT 730 740 750 760 TTTGTATTAT TATATTATTA TACTATATTT AAAAATTTAA 770 780 790 800 AGATCCATAG GGCTTACGCC CCACGTCAAG AGGCTTGCGC 810 820 830 840 CTTTCCCTAA ATTAAGTAAA ACTCTTCGCC TCATGCCTTA 850 860 870 880 CGCCTCCGCC TTTTAAAACA CTGATTCCTT TCCTCATATA 890 900 910 920 GCTTGAGGCG AAAATATTTA ATAAAAACAC TTCTTAATTT 930 940 950 960 GTTTATATGT TCAATTGAAC ATGTCCGTGA TTAGAAAATT 970 980 990 1000 AAATTAAATT CAATGACAAA TTTAATAATT TGACACAAAA 1010 1020 1030 1040 TTTATGAAAA AAATATCAAA ATATAAAGAA ATATTTTTTT 1050 1060 1070 1080 TGAAATGGAT TAAAAAGAAA AAAAAAACAA ATAAATTGAA 1090 1100 1110 1120 CCGGGATAAG TTGGTTGTTT AATTGATTAT TGATTATGAT 1130 1140 1150 1160 CTCAATTTGA CATTTTGCGC GATCTTTCGA CCTCAATTCG 1170 1180 1190 1200 TATGAACTGA CACTACGCCA ATGGACAGTC GCCGTCGTCA 1210 1220 1230 1240 CCGCCACCGC ACTATTCTCG ACGCGTCGTC TATCTCCTCC 1250 1260 1270 1280 ACCCCACAGC CGTCAATTCC AAGCTTCCAA TGAACCGTTG 1290 1300 1310 1320 CCATGTGTCA CTGCCTATTC ACCGCGAAAC ATGAATATCA 1330 1340 1350 1360 CTGACGAACG ATTTCGGAGC GGAACGAATC CAGAAAATGG 1370 1380 1390 1400 ATTACTTTCT ATAAATTCCT CGAATCTCAA CTCCATTTCG 1410 1420 1430 1440 TAAAAATAAA ATTAAAAATA TTGTTTCTTT TTGTATTTCT 1450 1460 1470 1480 TTTTGTATTT CTGGTTTATG TGGTGATCGA ATTTTCAATT 1490 1500 1510 1520 TTTTTACTGG TAGTGATTCC TACTTTTCTT CAATTGCATT 1530 1540 1550 1560 TCTCCTTTTT CCATTTCACG GTTGAGAATT CATGATTCCT 1570 1580 1590 1600 TATCAGAGGA ATCGATCCGA TTTGACTAAT TTCACTTTTC 1610 1620 1630 1640 GTCTGTATAA ATACCAGAGT ATCTAGGTTG AGGAACGTAA 1650 1660 1670 1680 TTTCAAGCTG CGATCGGCTT TTTCCCCTGA ACGAGCAAAC 1690 1700 1710 1720 ACAGGTTGTG GGTTCGAGTT AGCAAGGGAC GTATAATCTC 1730 1740 1750 1760 AACTACAATC CATTATGGCG CTTGATGAAA GTCAGCAGTC 1770 1780 1790 1800 TGATCCATGT AAGGTTCTCT TTTCCTTTAT ATATGCTTCA 1810 1820 1830 1840 TAATTGAGAA GGAAGACGGA GATTTGAACT TAATAAAGGC 1850 1860 1870 1880 GAAGATTTGA ACAAAATATT TTGGTATTTC ATTTAAAACT 1890 1900 1910 1920 TTACCAGTTC TAAGAGTAAA TGATTGGGAT GTGCATGTCC (2r) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 18 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1570 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: 10 20 30 40 TGTGGTGATC GAATTTTCAA TTTTTTTACT GAGTATCTAG 50 60 70 80 GTTGAGGAAC GTAATTTCAA GCTGCGATCG GCTTTTTCCC 90 100 110 120 CTGAACGAGC AAACACAGGT TGTGGGTTCG AGTTAGCAAG 130 140 150 160 GGACGTATAA TCTCAACTAC AATCCATTAT GGCGCTTGAT 170 180 190 200 GAAAGTCAGC AGTCTGATCC ATTGGTTGTG ATACGCAATG 210 220 230 240 GAAAGGAGAT CATATTGCAG GCATTCGACT GGGAATCTCA 250 260 270 280 TAAACATGAT TGGTGGCTAA ATTTAGATAC GAAAGTTCCT 290 300 310 320 GATATTGCAA AGTCTGGTTT CACAACTGCT TGGCTGCCTC 330 340 350 360 CGGTGTGTCA GTCATTGGCT CCTGAAGGTT ACCTTCCACA 370 380 390 400 GAACCTTTAT TCTCTCAATT CTAAATATGG TTCTGAGGAT 410 420 430 440 CTCTTAAAAG CTTTACTTAA TAAGATGAAG CAGTACAAAG 450 460 470 480 TTAGAGCGAT GGCGGACATA GTCATTAACC ACCGTGTTGG 490 500 510 520 GACTACTCAA GGGCATGGTG GAATGTACAA CCGCTATGAT 530 540 550 560 GGAATTCCTA TGTCTTGGGA TGAACATGCT ATTACATCTT 570 580 590 600 GCACTGGTGG AAGGGGTAAC AAAAGCACTG GAGACAACTT 610 620 630 640 TAATGGAGTT CCAAATATAG ATCATACACA ATCCTTTGTT 650 660 670 680 CGGAAAGATC TCATTGACTG GATGCGGTGG CTAAGATCCT 690 700 710 720 CTGTTGGCTT CCAAGATTTT CGTTTTGATT TTGCCAAAGG 730 740 750 760 TTATGCTTCA AAGTATGTAA AGGAATATAT CGAGGGAGCT 770 780 790 800 GAGCCAATAT TTGCAGTTGG AGAATACTGG GACACTTGCA 810 820 830 840 ATTACAAGGG CAGCAATTTG GATTACAACC AAGATAGTCA 850 860 870 880 CAGGCAAAGA ATCATCAATT GGATTGATGG CGCGGGACAA 890 900 910 920 CTTTCAACTG CATTCGATTT TACAACAAAA GCAGTCCTTC 930 940 950 960 AGGAAGCAGT CAAAGGAGAA TTCTGGCGTT TGCGTGACTC 970 980 990 1000 TAAGGGGAAG CCCCCAGGAG TTTTAGGATT GTGGCCTTCA 1010 1020 1030 1040 AGGGCTGTCA CTTTTATTGA TAATCACGAC ACTGGATCAA 1050 1060 1070 1080 CTCAGGCGCA TTGGCCTTTC CCTTCACGTC ATGTTATGGA 1090 1100 1110 1120 GGGCTATGCA TACATTCTTA CACACCCAGG GATACCATCA 1130 1140 1150 1160 GTTTTCTTTG ACCATTTCTA CGAATGGGAT AATTCCATGC 1170 1180 1190 1200 ATGACCAAAT TGTAAAGCTG ATTGCTATTC GGAGGAATCA 1210 1220 1230 1240 AGGCATACAC AGCCGTTCAT CTATAAGAAT TCTTGAGGCA 1250 1260 1270 1280 CAGCCAAACT TATACGCTGC AACCATTGAT GAAAAGGTTA 1290 1300 1310 1320 GCGTGAAGAT TGGGGACGGA TCATGGAGCC CTGCTGGGAA 1330 1340 1350 1360 AGAGTGGACT CTCGCGACCA GTGGCCATCG CTATGCAGTC 1370 1380 1390 1400 TGGCAGAAGT AATCTTACAG CTATTCCGTT ACTTAATATA 1410 1420 1430 1440 TTAGTAGAAA TATATATGTT TTAAACCCGA GCACCTACTT 1450 1460 1470 1480 CTAACACTAG ATCCGCCTCT ACAGGCTTGG ATGGAGTGAT 1490 1500 1510 1520 GAGTTTTTTT TTCCTGTTCA TTAGACATTG CAACATGGGA 1530 1540 1550 1560 TGTATGTTTT GTTAATAAAA GTGTTCTTGA TCAATGCAAT 1570 GTAATAAGGG (2s) INFORMATION FOR SEQUENCE I.D. 19 SEQUENCE TYPE: Nucleotide MOLECULE TYPE: DNA ORIGINAL SOURCE: Solanum tuberosum SEQUENCE LENGTH: 1570 bp STRANDEDNESS: Double TOPOLOGY: Linear SEQUENCE: 10 20 30 40 ACACCACTAG CTTAAAAGTT AAAAAAATGA CTCATAGATC 50 60 70 80 CAACTCCTTG CATTAAAGTT CGACGCTAGC CGAAAAAGGG 90 100 110 120 GACTTGCTCG TTTGTGTCCA ACACCCAAGC TCAATCGTTC 130 140 150 160 CCTGCATATT AGAGTTGATG TTAGGTAATA CCGCGAACTA 170 180 190 200 CTTTCAGTCG TCAGACTAGG TAACCAACAC TATGCGTTAC 210 220 230 240 CTTTCCTCTA GTATAACGTC CGTAAGCTGA CCCTTAGAGT 250 260 270 280 ATTTGTACTA ACCACCGATT TAAATCTATG CTTTCAAGGA 290 300 310 320 CTATAACGTT TCAGACCAAA GTGTTGACGA ACCGACGGAG 330 340 350 360 GCCACACAGT CAGTAACCGA GGACTTCCAA TGGAAGGTGT 370 380 390 400 CTTGGAAATA AGAGAGTTAA GATTTATACC AAGACTCCTA 410 420 430 440 GAGAATTTTC GAAATGAATT ATTCTACTTC GTCATGTTTC 450 460 470 480 AATCTCGCTA CCGCCTGTAT CAGTAATTGG TGGCACAACC 490 500 510 520 CTGATGAGTT CCCGTACCAC CTTACATGTT GGCGATACTA 530 540 550 560 CCTTAAGGAT ACAGAACCCT ACTTGTACGA TAATGTAGAA 570 580 590 600 CGTGACCACC TTCCCCATTG TTTTCGTGAC CTCTGTTGAA 610 620 630 640 ATTACCTCAA GGTTTATATC TAGTATGTGT TAGGAAACAA 650 660 670 680 GCCTTTCTAG AGTAACTGAC CTACGCCACC GATTCTAGGA 690 700 710 720 GACAACCGAA GGTTCTAAAA GCAAAACTAA AACGGTTTCC 730 740 750 760 AATACGAAGT TTCATACATT TCCTTATATA GCTCCCTCGA 770 780 790 800 CTCGGTTATA AACGTCAACC TCTTATGACC CTGTGAACGT 810 820 830 840 TAATGTTCCC GTCGTTAAAC CTAATGTTGG TTCTATCAGT 850 860 870 880 GTCCGTTTCT TAGTAGTTAA CCTAACTACC GCGCCCTGTT 890 900 910 920 GAAAGTTGAC GTAAGCTAAA ATGTTGTTTT CGTCAGGAAG 930 940 950 960 TCCTTCGTCA GTTTCCTCTT AAGACCGCAA ACGCACTGAG 970 980 990 1000 ATTCCCCTTC GGGGGTCCTC AAAATCCTAA CACCGGAAGT 1010 1020 1030 1040 TCCCGACAGT GAAAATAACT ATTAGTGCTG TGACCTAGTT 1050 1060 1070 1080 GAGTCCGCGT AACCGGAAAG GGAAGTGCAG TACAATACCT 1090 1100 1110 1120 CCCGATACGT ATGTAAGAAT GTGTGGGTCC CTATGGTAGT 1130 1140 1150 1160 CAAAAGAAAC TGGTAAAGAT GCTTACCCTA TTAAGGTACG 1170 1180 1190 1200 TACTGGTTTA ACATTTCGAC TAACGATAAG CCTCCTTAGT 1210 1220 1230 1240 TCCGTATGTG TCGGCAAGTA GATATTCTTA AGAACTCCGT 1250 1260 1270 1280 GTCGGTTTGA ATATGCGACG TTGGTAACTA CTTTTCCAAT 1290 1300 1310 1320 CGCACTTCTA ACCCCTGCCT AGTACCTCGG GACGACCCTT 1330 1340 1350 1360 TCTCACCTGA GAGCGCTGGT CACCGGTAGC GATACGTCAG 1370 1380 1390 1400 ACCGTCTTCA TTAGAATGTC GATAAGGCAA TGAATTATAT 1410 1420 1430 1440 AATCATCTTT ATATATACAA AATTTGGGCT CGTGGATGAA 1450 1460 1470 1480 GATTGTGATC TAGGCGGAGA TGTCCGAACC TACCTCACTA 1490 1500 1510 1520 CTCAAAAAAA AAGGACAAGT AATCTGTAAC GTTGTACCCT 1530 1540 1550 1560 ACATACAAAA CAATTATTTT CACAAGAACT AGTTACGTTA 1570 CATTATTCCC INDICATIONS RELATING TO Λ D EPOSITED MICR OORGANISM \ 3υιs) \]™.; o f __eoosι;α ry institution The National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Limited (NCIMB) Λccress ot ceoositary initi ruticn r.nct- tng postal code jn-i ounirn I 23 St Machar Drive Aberdeen Scotland 1 AB2 1RY United Kin g dom u's'.s o' deposit Accession Numoer 26 August 1994 NCIMB 40682 For International Bureau use only j I This sheet was received by tbe International Bureau on: Authorized officer INDICATIONS RELATING TO A DEPOSITED MICROORGANISM For International Bureau use oniy | | This sheet was received by tbe International Bureau on: Authorized officer

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof. 2. A promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof but wherein at least a part of the promoter is inactivated. 3. A promoter comprising at least the nucleotide sequence shown as Seq. I.D. No. 1 or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof. 4. A promoter comprising the nucleotide sequence of any of one of the sequences shown as Seq.I.D.No.s 4 - 17 or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof. 5. A promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof, but wherein at least the nucleotide sequence shown as Seq. I.D. No. 1 is inactivated. 6. A promoter comprising a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5.5 Kb EcoRl fragment isolated from Solanum tuberosum, or a variant, homologue or fragment thereof, but wherein at least any of one of the sequences shown as Seq.I.D.No.s 2 - 16 is inactivated. 7. A construct comprising the promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 6 fused to a GOI. 8. An expression vector comprising the promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 9. A transformation vector comprising the promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 10. A transformed cell or organ comprising the promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 11. A transgenic organism comprising the promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the invention of any one of claims 7 to 10. 12. A transgenic organism according to claim 11 wherein the plant is a potato plant. 13. Use of the promoter as defined in claim 1 as a cold inducible promoter. 14. A construct comprising the promoter as defined in claim 1 and a nucleotide sequence coding for anti-sense alpha-amylase. 15. Use of a promoter as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 for expressing a GOI in tuber and/or sprout and/or root and/or stem of a plant.

Inventors: FROST PEDERSEN HELLE DI, KREIBERG JETTE DINA, LUND MARIANNE, OKKELS FINN THUGE, FROST PEDERSEN, HELLE +DI, KREIBERG, JETTE, DINA, LUND, MARIANNE, OKKELS, FINN, THUGE
Applicants: DANISCO, FROST PEDERSEN ROLF & HM, KREIBERG JETTE DINA, LUND MARIANNE, OKKELS FINN THUGE, DANISCO A/S, FROST PEDERSEN, ROLF +HM, KREIBERG, JETTE, DINA, LUND, MARIANNE, OKKELS, FINN, THUGE
Application year: 1995
Main classification: C12N15
IPC codes: A01H5, C12N5, C12N9, C12N15