Dielectric filter

Abstract: A dielectric filter is provided which permits one to obtain desired external coupling easily without lowering Q₀ of resonators. The filter comprises a dielectric block (1) having an open end surface (1a) and a shorted end surface (1b) and provided with resonator holes (2). Excitation holes (5) are formed in the block outside the resonator holes, respectively. Input/output electrodes (7) are formed on the open end surface (1a). The electrodes (7) are electrically connected with conductors (3) formed inside the excitation holes (5) but isolated from an outer conductor (4). The conductors (3) inside the excitation holes (5) are electrically connected with the outer conductor (4) on the shorted end surface. The excitation holes (5) are electromagnetically coupled to their respective adjacent resonator holes (2), thus providing external coupling.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dielectric filter for use in a mobile communication device such as a cellular telephone or other portable telephone. 2. Description of the Related Art The structure of a prior art dielectric filter comprising a dielectric block 1 is shown in Fig. 14. In the following figures, the shaded portions indicate visible parts of the dielectric material of the dielectric block. On these visible portions, no conductor is formed. As shown in Fig. 14, this dielectric filter has, for example, two resonator holes 2 extending between a pair of opposite end surfaces of the dielectric filter, indicated by reference numerals 1a and 1b. Inner conductors 3 are formed on the inner surfaces of the resonator holes 2. An outer conductor 4 is formed on the outer surface of the block 1. A pair of input/output electrodes 7 are formed at desired locations on the outer surface of the dielectric block. The inner conductors 3 are not formed at portions (hereinafter referred to as nonconductive portions) close to one "open" surface 1a (hereinafter referred to as the open end surface) of the openings of the resonator holes 2. These nonconductive portions are isolated from the outer conductor 4. At the opposite surface 1b (hereinafter referred to as the shorted end surface), the inner conductors 3 are electrically connected or shorted to the outer conductor 4. This dielectric filter consists of two stages of resonators each of which is formed in a respective one of the resonator holes 2. These resonators are interconnected in a so-called comb-line connection coupling by stray capacitance created in the nonconductive portions. In this structure, an external coupling capacitance Ce is produced between each input/output electrode 7 and the corresponding inner conductor 3, as shown in Fig. 14. This external coupling capacitance Ce provides external coupling. When an antenna filter is constructed by using two such dielectric filters, a phase-adjusting wave-separating circuit is inserted between one filter end and an antenna end acting as the common input/output end of both filters, so that the phase of reflected waves in the passband of the opposite filter will cause the opposite filter to appear as an open circuit. A lumped constant device such as a capacitive device or an inductive device or a distributed constant line such as cable or stripline is used as the wave-separating circuit. In the above-described prior art filter which makes use of the external coupling capacitance Ce to obtain external coupling, if a wide passband or strong external coupling is needed, the area of the input/output electrodes may be increased. Alternatively, the resonator holes may be positioned in eccentric positions to shorten the distance between each input/output electrode and the corresponding inner conductor. In this way, adequate external coupling is derived. However, whenever it is desired to obtain a particular degree of external coupling, it is necessary to use input/output electrodes having a different shape or different dimensions. This makes it difficult to standardize the input/output electrodes. Furthermore, when the area of the input/output electrodes is increased or the resonator holes are positioned in eccentric locations, the unloaded Q (or, Q o ) of each resonator drops. In addition, an increase in the area of the input/output electrodes reduces the effective dielectric constant, thus increasing the resonator's electrical length. Moreover, when an antenna filter or the like is made using the prior art dielectric filters as described above, phase-adjusting components such as capacitors, coils, or striplines are required in addition to the dielectric filters. Additionally, some operation for mounting and soldering them to a substrate or for forming them on a substrate is required. Consequently, it is difficult to miniaturize the antenna filter. Hence, the cost of the components or fabrication cost is increased. In particular, in the prior art dielectric filter, once the degree of external coupling at the input and output portions is determined, the phase of the filter is also determined. This makes it impossible to set external coupling and phase independently. In consequence, it is difficult to obtain a particular desired degree of external coupling and a particular desired phase simultaneously. Where a desired phase is associated with connection to another filter or external circuit, it is necessary to add a separate part for adjusting the phase. US-A-4 559 508 discloses the features as defined in the preamble of claim 1. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is defined in independent claims 1 and 10. Particular embodiments are recited in dependent claims 2 to 9. The present invention is intended to solve the foregoing problems with the prior art techniques. It is an object of the invention to provide a dielectric filter permitting one to obtain appropriate external coupling easily without modifying the shape or dimensions of the input/output electrodes and/or without decreasing the Q o of the resonators. It is another object of the invention to provide a dielectric filter which permits one to set the phase at the input and output portions at a desired value without adding phase-adjusting parts, whereby the filter is made up of a smaller number of components and can be made cheaper and smaller than heretofore. The above objects may be achieved by a first feature of the invention which lies in a dielectric filter comprising: a dielectric block having two opposite end surfaces and an outer surface; resonator holes formed in the dielectric block between said end surfaces and acting as input/output stages; inner conductors formed on inner surfaces of the resonator holes, respectively; and an outer conductor formed on the outer surface of the dielectric block. This dielectric filter is characterized in that excitation holes are formed in the block adjacently to the resonator holes and have inner conductors formed inside the excitation holes, and that the excitation holes are electromagnetically coupled to the resonator holes acting as the input/output stages, respectively, thereby providing external coupling. A second feature of the invention lies in a dielectric filter comprising: a dielectric block having two opposite end surfaces and an outer surface; resonator holes formed in the dielectric block between said end surfaces and acting as input/output stages; inner conductors formed on inner surfaces of the resonator holes, respectively; and an outer conductor formed on the outer surface of the dielectric block. This dielectric filter is characterized in that excitation holes are formed in the block adjacently to the resonator holes acting as the input/output stages and have inner conductors formed inside the excitation holes, and that the positions, shapes, or sizes of the excitation holes have been so set that desired external coupling and phase are obtained. A third feature of the invention lies in a dielectric filter comprising: a dielectric block having two opposite end surfaces and an outer surface; resonator holes formed in the dielectric block between said end surfaces; inner conductors formed on inner surfaces of the resonator holes, respectively; and an outer conductor formed on the outer surface of the dielectric block. This dielectric filter is characterized in that excitation holes are formed in the block adjacently to the resonator holes and have inner conductors formed inside the excitation holes, and that external coupling-adjusting holes are formed in the block close to the excitation holes, respectively, acting as input/output stages and have inner conductors formed on inner surfaces of the external coupling-adjusting holes, respectively. A fourth feature of the invention is based on any one of the first through third features described above and characterized in that input/output electrodes are formed on one end surface of the dielectric block or extend from this end surface to one side surface of the dielectric block, are electrically connected with the inner conductors formed inside the excitation holes, and are disconnected from the outer conductor. A fifth feature of the invention is based on any one of the first through third features described above and characterized in that the dielectric block has regions in which said excitation holes are formed, and that the regions have been partially removed so that one end surface of the dielectric block has steps. A sixth feature of the invention is based on any one of the first through third features described above and characterized in that the inner conductors formed inside the excitation holes or the inner conductors formed inside the external coupling-adjusting holes have been partially removed to adjust external coupling and phase. A seventh feature of the invention is based on any one of the first through third features described above and characterized in that there is further provided input/output terminals which are inserted in the excitation holes and electrically connected with the inner conductors formed inside the excitation holes. An eighth feature of the invention is based on any one of the first through third features described above and characterized in that there is further provided a metallic casing mounted on the dielectric block so as to cover at least a part of the block. In the first feature described above, the excitation holes are electromagnetically coupled to their respective resonator holes, whereby the filter provides external coupling. The degree of the external coupling is adjusted or set by varying the diameters or positions of the excitation holes. In the second feature described above, the excitation holes are electromagnetically coupled to their respective resonator holes, whereby the filter provides external coupling. Desired external coupling and phase can be established by varying the positions, the shapes, or the sizes of the excitation holes. In the third feature described above, desired external coupling is provided by varying the positions, the shapes, or the sizes of the external coupling-adjusting holes. That is, the external coupling can be established with greater degree of freedom because the external coupling-adjusting holes are provided. Where resonator holes are formed on opposite sides of each excitation hole, the coupling between two resonator holes on opposites sides of at least one excitation hole can be suppressed. The fourth feature described above yields the above-described advantages. In addition, the filter can be connected with an external circuit, or a packaging substrate, through the input/output electrodes electrically connected with the conductors formed inside the excitation holes. These input/output electrodes are not intended to provide external coupling. Rather, the shapes and the dimensions of these electrodes can be set at will. That is, the shapes and the dimensions can be set in such a way that the characteristics such as Q o are not deteriorated. When the input/output electrodes are designed to extend from one end surface to one side surface, any one of the end surface and/or the side surface can be used as a mounting surface. That is, the dielectric filter can be placed either horizontally or vertically. In the fifth feature described above, the conductors inside the excitation holes or the conductors inside the external coupling-adjusting holes have been partially removed. Thus, the external coupling and phase can be adjusted. In the sixth feature described above, the dielectric block has been partially removed, so that the length of the excitation holes is adjusted. The degree of external coupling can be varied by varying the length of the excitation holes 5, as well as the diameter or the positions of the holes 5. Therefore, the external coupling can be adjusted or established with greater degree of freedom. Hence, more appropriate external coupling can be obtained. In the seventh feature described above, the filter can be connected with an external circuit, or a packaging substrate, via input/output terminals electrically connected with the conductors formed inside the excitation holes. That is, the filter can be mounted on a terminal insertion type packaging substrate. The dielectric filter can be placed either horizontally or vertically by bending the input/output terminals. Furthermore, the location at which the connection with the packaging substrate is made can be set at will by varying the length of the input/output terminals. In this case, it is not necessary to form input/output electrodes. The characteristics such as Q o can be improved further. In the eighth feature described above, leakage of electro-magnetic field from the openings of the resonator holes can be reduced by mounting a metallic casing on the filter. Other objects and features of the invention will appear in the course of the description of embodiments thereof, which follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a dielectric filter according to a first example; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a dielectric filter according to a second example of the invention; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a variation of the dielectric filters according to the first and second examples of the invention; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a further variation of the dielectric filters according to the first and second examples of the invention; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of yet another variation of the dielectric filters according to the first and second examples of the invention; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a dielectric filter (antenna duplexer) according to a third example; Figs. 7(a)-7(d) are schematic cross sections of dielectric filters according to the invention, taken close to excitation holes; Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relation between self-capacitance and mutual capacitance of excitation holes in a dielectric filter according to the second example of the invention, as well as the relation between self-capacitance and reflection phase; Fig. 9(a) is a perspective view of a dielectric filter (antenna duplexer) according to a fourth example of the invention; Fig. 9(b) is a plan view of the shorted end surface of the dielectric filter (antenna duplexer) shown in Fig. 9(a); Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a dielectric filter being a variant of the fourth example of the invention; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a dielectric filter according to a fifth example of the invention; Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a dielectric filter according to a sixth example of the invention; Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an antenna resonator according to a seventh example of the invention; and Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the prior art dielectric filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Several preferred embodiments of the invention are hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like components are indicated by like reference numerals. The structure of a dielectric filter that is a first example is shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, this dielectric filter comprises a dielectric block 1 taking the form of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped. Two resonator holes 2 and a pair of excitation holes 5 are formed in the block 1. The resonator holes 2 extend between two opposite end surfaces of the block. Inner conductors 3 are formed on the inner surfaces of the resonator holes 2 and excitation holes 5, respectively. An outer conductor 4 is formed substantially over the whole surface of the dielectric block 1. The excitation holes 5 are formed outside the resonator holes 2, respectively. A pair of input/output electrodes 7 extend from the open end surface 1a to one side surface 1c (the top surface in the figure). The electrodes 7 are electrically connected with inner conductors 3 but disconnected from the outer conductor 4. That is, the inner conductors 3 in the excitation holes 5 are disconnected from the outer conductor 4 at the open end surface 1a and electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the shorted end surface 1b. Nonconductive portions are formed in the inner conductors 3 inside the resonator holes 2 near the open end surface 1a. At the shorted end surface 1b, the inner conductors 3 are electrically connected or shorted to the outer conductor 4. Resonators formed by the resonator holes 2, respectively, are connected to each other in so-called comb-line connection by stray capacitance created in the nonconductive portions. In this structure, the excitation holes 5 and their respective adjacent resonator holes 2 are electromagnetically coupled together. This electromagnetic coupling provides external coupling of the input/output portions of the dielectric filter. The input/output electrodes 7 are formed simply to make a connection with an external circuit. The degree of the external coupling can be adjusted or established by varying the distance between the conductor 3 inside each excitation hole 5 and the conductor 3 inside the adjacent resonator hole 2, which is accomplished by varying the inside diameter or the position of the excitation hole 5. That is, if the inside diameter of each excitation hole 5 is increased, or if it is brought closer to the resonator hole 2, then the distance between the adjacent inner conductors is reduced. This provides stronger external coupling. In this structure, the external coupling is determined neither by the shape nor by the dimensions of the input/output electrodes 7. Therefore, even if it is desired to obtain external coupling of different strengthes, the shape and the dimensions of the input/output electrodes 7 can still be set at will. Hence, the input/output electrodes 7 can be standardized. This permits standardization of patterns on packaging substrates. As a result, costs of mounting can be curtailed. Furthermore, the area of the input/output electrodes can be reduced and so the drop in Q o , which would normally be caused by large input/output electrodes, does not take place. Additionally, an increase in resonator electrical length which would normally be caused by a decrease in effective dielectric constant is prevented. Moreover, it is not necessary to place the resonator holes 2 in greatly eccentrically shifted positions. Consequently, the drop in Q o , which would normally be caused by eccentric positioning of the resonator holes 2, can be suppressed. Hence, a small-sized dielectric filter which has high Q o , produces only a small amount of insertion loss, and provides desired external coupling can be obtained. Since the input/output electrodes 7 are so formed as to extend from the open end surface 1a to one side surface 1c, either the open end surface 1a or the side surface 1c can be mounted on a packaging substrate. That is, the dielectric filter of the present example can be placed either horizontally or vertically on the packaging substrate. The structure of a dielectric filter according to a second example of the invention is shown in Fig. 2. As shown in Fig. 2, this dielectric filter is similar to the dielectric filter already described in connection with Fig. 1 except that a pair of input/output electrodes 7 extend from the shorted end surface 1b to one side surface 1c (the top surface in the figure) and are electrically connected with the inner conductors 3 in the excitation holes 5, respectively, but are disconnected from the outer conductor 4. That is, the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5 are electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the open end surface 1a but isolated from the outer conductor 4 at the shorted end surface 1b. In this dielectric filter, the input/output electrodes 7 are formed on the side of the shorted end surface 1b in an opposite relation to the structure of the first example previously described in conjunction with Fig. 1. In this structure, the shorted end surface 1b is affected to a greater extent by a magnetic field than the open end surface 1a. Therefore, this second example can provide stronger external coupling, or stronger electromagnetic coupling, than the first example. Also in this example, the degree of external coupling can be adjusted or set by varying the diameter or positions of the excitation holes 5 without changing the positions or dimensions of the input/output electrodes 7 or the positions of the resonator holes 2. This makes it easy to standardize the input/output electrodes 7. Also, the Q o is prevented from dropping. In the above-described examples, the inner conductors 3a in the excitation holes 5 are electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at one end of each excitation hole 5. This structure can provide stronger external coupling, or stronger electromagnetic coupling, than a structure in which the excitation holes 5 are electrically disconnected from the outer conductor 4. In the above-described examples, the input/output electrodes 7 extend from one end surface of the dielectric block 1 to an adjacent side surface. The invention is not limited to this structure. As shown in Fig. 3, the electrodes may be formed only on one end surface. As shown in Fig. 4, the electrodes may extend from the top side surface to the bottom side surface across one end surface. As shown in Fig. 5, each electrode may extend from one end surface to two adjacent side surfaces which are perpendicular to each other. In the dielectric filter shown in Fig. 4, any one of the three surfaces on which the input/output electrodes 7 are formed may be used as a mounting surface and attached to a mounting substrate. In the examples in Figs.1 - 4 described above, the excitation holes 5 are formed substantially along the center line passing through the center of the dielectric block 1 in the direction of the thickness. As shown in Fig. 5, the excitation holes 5 may be shifted from the center line toward the top or bottom side of the dielectric block 1. No restrictions are imposed on the vertical positions of the excitation holes 5 in the dielectric block 1. The structure of a dielectric filter (antenna duplexer) according to a third example of the invention is shown in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 6, five resonator holes 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and 2e extend between a pair of end surfaces of a dielectric block 1. An excitation hole 5a is formed outside the resonator hole 2a. Another excitation hole 5b is formed between the resonator holes 2b and 2c. A further excitation hole 5c is formed outside the resonator hole 2e. Inner conductors 3 are formed on the inner surfaces of the resonator holes 2a-2e and on the inner surfaces of the excitation holes 5a, 5b, and 5c, respectively. An outer conductor 4 is formed substantially over the whole outer surface of the dielectric block 1. Three input/output electrodes 7a, 7b, and 7c extend from the open end surface 1a to one side surface 1c and are electrically connected with the inner conductors 3 in the excitation holes 5a-5c but disconnected from the outer conductor 4. The inner conductors 3 in the excitation holes 5a, 5b, and 5c are electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the shorted end surface 1b. The inner conductors 3 in the resonator holes 2a-2e are disconnected from the outer conductor 4 by nonconductive portions at the open end surface 1a. The inner conductors 3 are electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the shorted end surface 1b. In this structure, two resonators formed by the resonator holes 2a and 2b cooperate to form a transmission filter or reception filter. Three resonators formed by the resonator holes 2c, 2d, and 2e constitute a reception filter or transmission filter. The excitation holes 5a and 5c are electromagnetically coupled to the resonator holes 2a and 2e, respectively. The excitation hole 5b is electromagnetically coupled to the adjacent resonators 2b and 2c. These electromagnetic couplings provide external coupling. The input/output electrodes 7a, 7b, and 7c are formed simply for external connection with an external circuit. The input/output electrode 7b between the resonator holes 2b and 2c is an antenna electrode shared by the inputs and outputs of the transmission and reception filters. Also in this example, external coupling is provided by electromagnetic coupling between each excitation hole 5a, 5b, or 5c and the adjacent resonator hole 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, or 2e. Therefore, the degree of external coupling can be adjusted or set by varying the diameters or positions of the excitation holes 5a, 5b, and 5c without changing the positions or dimensions of the input/output electrodes 7 or the positions of the resonator holes 2a-2e. Consequently, the input/output electrodes 7 can be standardized with ease. Also, Q o is prevented from decreasing. The characteristics of the filter can thereby be improved. Moreover, in dielectric filters of the above-described various examples, the phase as well as external coupling can be set, by varying the positions, the shape or the internal diameter of the excitation holes. That is, the phase can be varied while maintaining the external coupling constant. Experiments were conducted on the relations among the positions of the excitation holes, the shape, the external coupling, and the phase. The experiments and results are now described. Figs. 7(a)-7(d) are schematic cross sections of dielectric filters, taken close to the location of one excitation hole. These figures illustrate a method of establishing the self-capacitance C 11 of the excitation hole 5 formed between the conductor inside the excitation hole 5 and the outer conductor and the mutual capacitance C 12 created between the excitation hole 5 and the conductor inside the resonator hole 2. In Fig. 7(a), the excitation hole 5 is shifted toward either the upper or lower side of the dielectric block. In this illustrated example, the hole is shifted toward the lower side, to increase the self-capacitance C 11 and to reduce the mutual capacitance C 12 . In Figs. 7(b) and 7(c), the excitation hole 5 assumes substantially an elliptical shape. The self-capacitance C 11 and the mutual capacitance C 12 can be set to various values by varying the longitudinal direction of the excitation hole 5. In Fig. 7(d), the inside diameter of the excitation hole 5 is increased to increase both self-capacitance C 11 and mutual capacitance C 12 . In this way, the self-capacitance C 11 and mutual capacitance C 12 can be changed by varying the position, shape, or size of the excitation hole. The relations of these capacitances C 11 and C 12 of the dielectric filter according to the third example of the invention to the external coupling and to the phase are shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 8 shows results of measured reflection phases about this filter having a center frequency of 836.5 MHz in the passband of the opposite filter, the passband lying in the frequency range of 869 to 894 MHz. In Fig. 8, the relation between the self-capacitance C 11 of the excitation hole and the mutual capacitance C 12 obtained where the external coupling is constant is indicated by triangles Δ. Under this condition, the relation between the self-capacitance C 11 and the reflection phase at 869 MHz is indicated by white circles O. The relation between the self-capacitance C 11 and the reflection phase at 894 MHz is indicated by black circles . As shown in Fig. 8, the external coupling can be maintained constant by varying the position, the shape, or other factor of the excitation hole so as to vary the self-capacitance C 11 and the mutual capacitance C 12 . That is, the reflection phase can be reduced while maintaining the external coupling constant, by reducing both self-capacitance C 11 and mutual capacitance C 12 . In other words, the reflection phase can be made to approach the open state. Therefore, where an antenna filter is built using such dielectric filters, if the positions, the shapes, or the sizes of the excitation holes in one filter corresponding to an antenna end are varied, then the reflection phase in the passband of the opposite filter can be made to assume an open state. Consequently, an antenna filter can be easily built without adding separate phase-adjusting components such as capacitive devices, inductive devices, or striplines. In particular, an antenna filter can be constructed simply by using two such dielectric filters or by using one such dielectric filter together with the prior art dielectric filter shown in Fig. 14 and then directly interconnecting respective input or output electrodes of the two filters. It is to be understood that application of the invention is not limited to antenna filters. Where a connection with an external circuit is made and it is necessary to vary the phase at the input/output portion, appropriate matching to the external circuit can be obtained similarly without adding separate phase-adjusting components. Each excitation hole can be shaped into any desired form. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the hole can be an ellipse, rectangle, triangle, or any other form. In the above examples, the dielectric filter is composed of two stages of resonators. The filter may also consist of only one stage of resonator. Furthermore, the filter may be made up of three or more stages of resonators. The structure of a dielectric filter (antenna duplexer) according to a fourth example of the invention is shown in Figs. 9(a) and 9(b). Fig. 9(a) is a perspective view of the dielectric filter (antenna duplexer) as viewed from the side of the open end surface. The bottom surface forming a mounting surface is here shown located at the top of the Figure. Fig. 9(b) is a plan view of the shorted end surface. The bottom surface forming a mounting surface is here shown located at the bottom of the Figure. As shown in Figs. 9(a) and 9(b), the dielectric filter (antenna filter) of the present example comprises a dielectric block 1 substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. This block has a pair of opposite end surfaces 1a and 1b. Seven resonator holes 2a-2g extend between these end surfaces 1a and 1b. An excitation hole 5a and an external coupling-adjusting hole 6a are formed between the resonator holes 2a and 2b. An excitation hole 5b and an external coupling-adjusting hole 6b are formed between the resonator holes 2c and 2d. An excitation hole 5c and an external coupling-adjusting hole 6c are formed between the resonator holes 2f and 2g. Conductors 3 are formed on the inner surfaces of the resonator holes 2a-2g and on the inner surfaces of the external coupling-adjusting holes 6a-6c. An outer conductor 4 is formed substantially over the whole surface of the outer surface of the dielectric block 1. Three input/output electrodes 7a, 7b, and 7c extend from the shorted end surface 1b to one side surface, or the bottom surface. The input/output electrodes 7a, 7b, and 7c are electrically connected with the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5a-5c but isolated from the outer conductor 4. That is, the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5a-5c are electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the open end surface 1a and disconnected from the outer conductor 4 at the shorted end surface 1b. The conductors 3 inside the resonator holes 2a-2e are disconnected from the outer conductor 4 by nonconductive portions formed in the inner conductors close to the open end surface 1a and electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the shorted end surface 1b. The external coupling-adjusting holes 6a, 6b, and 6c are formed close to the excitation holes 5a, 5b, and 5c, respectively. The array of the adjusting holes 6a-6c is parallel to the array of the excitation holes 5a-5c. The conductors 3 formed inside the external coupling-adjusting holes 6a, 6b, and 6c are electrically connected with the outer conductor 4 at the open end surface 1a, as well as at the shorted end surface 1b. That is, the conductors 3 inside the adjusting holes 6a-6c act as grounding conductors similarly to the outer conductor 4. In this structure, the excitation hole 5a is electromagnetically coupled to the adjacent resonator holes 2a and 2b. The excitation hole 5b is electromagnetically coupled to the adjacent resonator holes 2c and 2d. The excitation hole 5c is electromagnetically coupled to the adjacent resonator holes 2f and 2g. External coupling is provided by these electromagnetic couplings. The filter is connected with an external circuit via the input/output electrodes 7a, 7b, and 7c which are electrically connected with the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5a-5c. The input/output electrode 7b is an antenna electrode acting as one input/output of a transmission filter and also as one input/output of a reception filter. In the antenna filter of the present example, the self-capacitance of each excitation hole can be increased and/or reduced by varying the location, shape, or inside diameter of the external coupling-adjusting hole formed close to the excitation hole. Therefore, the external coupling can be modified, and external coupling can be established more appropriately. That is, the external coupling can be established with a greater degree of freedom by adding the external coupling-adjusting holes. The self-capacitance of each excitation hole is the capacitance created between the conductor inside the excitation hole and the grounding conductor, or the outer conductor plus the conductor inside the external coupling-adjusting hole. The self-capacitance of each excitation hole can be increased by providing the external coupling-adjusting hole. By reducing the distance between the excitation hole and the external coupling-adjusting hole, the self-capacitance of the excitation hole can be increased, and the external coupling can be weakened. Conversely, by increasing the distance between the excitation hole and the external coupling-adjusting hole, the self-capacitance of the excitation hole can be reduced and the external coupling can be intensified. Since the external coupling can be weakened by providing the external coupling-adjusting holes in this way, the distance between each excitation hole and the adjacent resonator hole can be reduced. Hence, the size of the filter can be reduced. That is, in the present example, the distance between the resonator holes 2a and 2b, the distance between the resonator holes 2c and 2d, and the distance between the resonator holes 2f and 2g can be reduced. Furthermore, the coupling between two resonator holes between which one excitation hole and one external coupling-adjusting hole are located can be suppressed by the external coupling-adjusting hole. In the present example, direct coupling between the resonator holes 2a and 2b, direct coupling between the resonator holes 2c and 2d, and direct coupling between the resonator holes 2f and 2g can be suppressed by the external coupling-adjusting holes 6a, 6b, and 6c, respectively. Specifically, direct coupling of the trap formed by the resonator hole 2a can be reduced greatly. Also, direct coupling of the filter formed by the resonator holes 2b, 2c, the filter formed by the resonator holes 2d, 2e, 2f, and the trap formed by the resonator hole 2g can be reduced greatly. In consequence, the characteristics of the filters and traps can be adjusted readily. As a result, good characteristics can be obtained. Once a filter is constructed, the self-capacitance or other factor of each excitation hole can be varied by grinding parts of the conductors either in the excitation holes or in the external coupling-adjusting holes with a grinding tool or grindstone. In this manner, the external coupling and phase can be adjusted. Therefore, the characteristics can be improved. Also, the percentage of defective products can be reduced. In this case, the dielectric substance can be ground together with the inner conductors. In the above examples, one external coupling-adjusting hole is formed corresponding to each one excitation hole. The present invention is not limited to this structure. A plurality of external coupling-adjusting holes may be formed corresponding to each one excitation hole. The external coupling-adjusting holes may be shaped into any arbitrary form, which can be an ellipse, rectangle, triangle, or rhomboid. In the above fourth example, two filters and two traps are formed in one dielectric block. In this way, the dielectric filter or antenna resonator has a complicated structure. It is to be noted that the present invention is not restricted to this structure. This example of the present invention is also applicable to a dielectric filter comprising a dielectric block 1 in which one filter is formed, as shown in Fig. 10. In the dielectric filter shown in Fig. 10, the dielectric block 1 is provided with two resonator holes 2. Excitation holes 5 and external coupling-adjusting holes 6 are formed outside their respective resonator holes 2. Also in this dielectric filter, the degree of external coupling can be varied by varying the position, shape, or inside diameter of each external coupling-adjusting hole. Furthermore, the external coupling and phase can be adjusted by grinding parts of conductors formed inside the excitation holes and inside the external coupling-adjusting holes. Also, the number of resonator holes formed in the dielectric block can be unity. In the above fourth example, every excitation hole has at least one corresponding external coupling-adjusting hole or holes. The invention is not limited to this structure. Each external coupling-adjusting hole may be formed for fewer than the full set of excitation holes, e.g. for at least one of the excitation holes. The structure of a dielectric filter according to a fifth example of the invention is shown in Fig. 11. As shown in Fig. 11, this dielectric filter comprises a dielectric block 1 having an open end surface 1a and one side surface 1c. This block has recessed portions 11 in which excitation holes 5 are formed on the side of the open end surface 1a. Thus, the open end surface 1a has a stepped shape. Each input/output electrode 7 extends from the corresponding recessed surface 11 to the side surface 1c. The excitation holes 5 extend from the recessed surfaces 11. The electrodes 7 are electrically connected with conductors 3 formed inside the excitation holes 5, respectively, and disconnected from an outer conductor 4. This dielectric filter is similar in structure to the dielectric filter already described in connection with Fig. 1 except for these points and so those components which have already been described are not described here. In this structure, the degree of coupling due to the electromagnetic coupling of each excitation hole 5 to the adjacent resonator hole 2 can be adjusted and set by varying the length of the excitation hole 5. That is, the degree of external coupling can be changed by varying the length of the excitation holes 5, as well as the diameter of the holes 5 and the positions of the holes 5. Hence, the external coupling can be adjusted and set with a greater degree of freedom. As a result, more appropriate external coupling can be derived. In this example, steps are formed on the side of the open end surface 1a. The invention is not restricted to this structure. The steps may alternatively be formed on the side of the shorted end surface 1b. Furthermore, steps may be formed on both end surfaces 1a and 1b. The other examples above of a dielectric filter or antenna filter may also be modified to have these recessed surfaces 11. The structure of a dielectric filter according to a sixth example of the invention is shown in Fig. 12. As shown in Fig. 12, this dielectric filter has an open end surface 1a on which input/output electrodes 7 are formed. The filter is provided with excitation holes 5, and conductors 3 are formed inside the holes 5, respectively. Input/output terminals 20 which are electrically connected with the conductors 3 inside the holes 5 are brought out from the open end surface 1a. Each input/output terminal 20 is a rodlike member made of a metal. These terminals 20 are respectively inserted into the excitation holes 5, and respectively soldered to the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5 or to the input/output electrodes 7, when the terminals 20 are mounted. This dielectric filter is similar in structure to the dielectric filter previously described in conjunction with Fig. 1 except for these points. That is, this dielectric filter is similar to the dielectric filter shown in Fig. 1 except that the input/output terminals 20 are connected. Where connection with an external circuit is made through the input/output terminals 20 as in this example, it is not always necessary to form the input/output electrodes 7. Where the input/output electrodes 7 are not formed, those portions of the outer conductor 4 which are on the end surface located on the side of the input/output terminals 20 or those portions of the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5 which are close to the end surface are partially removed to disconnect the input/output terminals 20 from the outer conductor 4. This structure can be mounted on a mounting substrate of the terminal insertion type. The dielectric filter can be placed either horizontally or vertically by bending the input/output terminals 20. Furthermore, the locations at which the filter is connected with the packaging substrate can be set at will by varying the length of the input/output terminals 20. Additionally, the input/output electrodes 7 can be made smaller. Alternatively, the characteristics such as Q o can be improved further without the need to form the input/output electrodes 7. In the above examples excluding the example of Fig. 12, the input/output terminals 20 can be inserted into the excitation holes 5, respectively, from the end surface on which the input/output electrodes 7 are formed, and then the terminals 20 are connected. Moreover, restrictions are imposed neither on the shape of the input/output terminals 20 nor on the manner in which the terminals 20 are connected with the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5. For instance, each input/output terminal can be fabricated by rolling a sheet metal plate into a tube and pressing it against the conductors 3 inside the excitation holes 5 for connection. The structure of a dielectric filter according to a seventh example of the invention is shown in Fig. 13. As shown in Fig. 13, this dielectric filter has an open end surface 1a into which input/output terminals 20 are inserted. A metallic casing 30 is mounted on the dielectric block 1 so as to cover the open end surface 1a. The metallic casing 30 is soldered to the outer conductor 4, thus constructing the dielectric filter. Parts of the metallic casing 30 have apertures to permit the input/output terminals 20 to be brought out and to prevent the casing 30 from touching the input/output electrodes 7. This dielectric filter is similar in structure to the filter shown in Fig. 12 except for these points. That is, this example of dielectric filter is similar to the sixth example of dielectric filter shown in Fig. 12 except that the metallic casing 30 is mounted on it. A substrate may be inserted between the open end surface 1a and the metallic casing 30. When this dielectric filter is mounted on a packaging substrate, input/output terminals 20 and protruding portions 30a of the metallic casing 30 are inserted into the packaging substrate. In this structure, the open end surface 1a is covered with the metallic casing 30 and so leakage of electromagnetic field through the opening of each resonator hole 2 can be reduced. This metallic casing 30 can also be mounted to other examples of dielectric filter. In the above examples described thus far, coupling between adjacent resonators is provided by stray capacitance created in nonconductive portions in the inner conductors. The invention is not limited to this structure. Coupling holes or other coupling means may also be used to couple together the adjacent resonators. Furthermore, the manner in which the conductors inside the resonator holes are disconnected from the outer conductor at the open end surface is not limited to the method of the illustrated examples. As described thus far, in a dielectric filter according to the present invention, the input/output portions are provided with excitation holes. External coupling is provided by electromagnetic coupling of each excitation hole to the adjacent resonator hole. The best external coupling can be obtained by appropriately establishing the inside diameter, positions, or the length of the excitation holes so as to adjust or establish the degree of external coupling. Furthermore, it is not necessary to make the resonator holes in eccentric positions in order to adjust the external coupling. Hence, the Q o is prevented from decreasing. In certain dielectric filters according to the invention, external coupling-adjusting holes are formed close to external coupling excitation holes. Desired external coupling and phase can be obtained by appropriately establishing the positions, shape, and dimensions of the external coupling-adjusting holes. In consequence, the external coupling and phase can be established with a greater degree of freedom. The external coupling can be weakened by forming the external coupling-adjusting holes. Therefore, the distance between each excitation hole and the adjacent resonator hole can be reduced. This enables miniaturization of the filter. Furthermore, the coupling between two resonator holes which are adjacent to each other via an excitation hole can be suppressed by the external coupling-adjusting holes. Therefore, even where a plurality of filters are formed in one dielectric block, interference between the filters can be prevented. The characteristics of the filters can be adjusted easily. Hence, good characteristics can be obtained. After a filter has been constructed, external coupling and phase can be adjusted by grinding parts of conductors or dielectric substances inside excitation holes. Therefore, the characteristics can be improved. Also, the percentage of defective products can be reduced greatly. Hence, the fabrication cost can be reduced. Moreover, the input/output electrodes can be made smaller than previously. The resonator length can be shortened without deteriorating Q o . If the filter is connected with an external circuit by the use of input/output terminals, it is not necessary to form input/output electrodes. Furthermore, Q o is prevented from dropping. The filter can be mounted on a mounting substrate of the terminal insertion type. In addition, leakage of electro-magnetic field can be reduced by mounting a metallic casing. Thus, according to the present invention it is possible to obtain a small-sized dielectric filter which can be easily mounted on a substrate, can be variously mounted, has high Q o , and has optimum external coupling and phase.

Claims: A dielectric filter comprising: a dielectric block (1) having two opposite end surfaces (1a,1b) and an outer surface; at least one resonator hole (2) formed in said dielectric block between said end surfaces; inner conductor(s) (3) formed on a respective inner surface of the or each resonator hole (2); an outer conductor (4) formed on said outer surface of said dielectric block; at least one excitation hole (5) formed in said dielectric block adjacent at least one resonator hole (2); and inner conductor(s) (3) formed on a respective inner surface of the or each excitation hole (5); one of said end surfaces of said dielectric block being a shorted end surface (1b); wherein the or each excitation hole (5) is electromagnetically coupled to a respective resonator hole (2) whereby to provide external coupling; characterised by further comprising input/output electrodes on said shorted end surface of said dielectric block. A dielectric filter according to claim 1, wherein the position, size and/or shape of each excitation hole is set to obtain a predetermined degree of external coupling and a predetermined phase. A dielectric filter according to claim 1, and comprising: at least one external coupling-adjusting hole (6) formed in said dielectric block close to an excitation hole; and inner conductor(s) (3) formed on a respective inner surface of the or each external coupling-adjusting hole (6). A dielectric filter according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said input/output electrodes (7) are formed on said shorted end surface of said dielectric block (1) or extend from this shorted end surface to one side end surface of said dielectric block, are electrically connected with said conductor(s) (3) formed inside said excitation hole(s) (5), and are disconnected from said outer conductor (4). A dielectric filter according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein an end surface (1a) of said dielectric block has at least one portion which has been removed so as to form a stepped end surface, the or each excitation hole (5) being formed at a recessed region (11) of said stepped end surface corresponding to a removed portion of the dielectric block. A dielectric filter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one inner conductor (3) formed inside an excitation hole (5) has been partially removed so as to adjust external coupling and phase. A dielectric filter according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one inner conductor (3) formed inside an excitation hole (5) and/or an external coupling-adjusting hole (6) has been partially removed so as to adjust external coupling and phase. A dielectric filter according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein there is further provided at least one input/output terminal (20) inserted in an excitation hole (5) of the filter and electrically connected with the inner conductor (3) formed inside said excitation hole. A dielectric filter according to any of claims 1 to 3, and further comprising a metallic casing (30) mounted on said dielectric block so as to cover at least a part of said block. An antenna duplexer, comprising : the dielectric filter of any one of claims 1 to 9, at least one of said resonator holes constituting a transmission filter, and at least one of said resonator holes constituting a reception filter.

Inventors: KATO HIDEYUKI, MATSUMOTO HARUO, TSUJIGUCHI TATSUYA, KATO, HIDEYUKI, MATSUMOTO, HARUO, TSUJIGUCHI, TATSUYA
Applicants: MURATA MANUFACTURING CO, MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: H01P1
IPC codes: H01P1