Hair styling compositions

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous low (70 weight percent or less) VOC hair styling compositions. More particularly, the present invention provides a low VOC hair styling composition containing at least one acrylic hair fixative resin and one or more plasticizing compounds selected from polycarboxylic acid esters and dimethiconecopolyols. The present invention also provides a low beading, low VOC hair styling composition comprising at least one surface tension reducing compound, at least one acrylic hair fixative resin, and at least one simethicone. The present invention also provides an aqueous hair resin composition which inhibits microbial growth. The aqueous hair resin composition contains at least one acrylic hair fixative resin and iodopropynylbutylcarbamate.

Description: The present invention relates to hair styling compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to aqueous hair styling compositions containing low, or 70 weight percent or less volatile organic compounds (VOC). The present invention also relates to a method of enhancing the performance of hair fixative resins by adding certain additives to hair styling compositions. Hair styling compositions, such as hair sprays, styling gels, spray on gels, and mousses are used on hair to hold the hair in a particular shape or configuration. The hair styling compositions, when applied, form a thin film of hair fixative resin on the hair. This thin film of resin holds adjacent hairs together to retain a particular shape or configuration. The hair styling compositions can be applied to the hair in several ways. For example, the hair styling composition may be applied by a spray using a propellant, such as in an aerosol hair styling product, or using a hand pump. Hair styling compositions typically contain one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC contain at least one carbon atom and are typically used as solvents or propellants in hair styling compositions. VOC contribute to ground level air pollution in the presence of sunlight and air, and are volatile under ambient conditions. VOC include, for example, C 1 to C 12 straight or branched chain alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or butanol; C 1 to C 12 straight or branched chain hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, isopropane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane, or butane; or ethers such as dimethyl ether, or dimethoxymethane. Recent legislation in New York and California has mandated that the amount of VOC formulated into hair styling compositions that are sprayed, such as hairsprays, must not exceed 80 weight percent in the composition. By 1998, the amount of VOC in hair styling compositions that are sprayed must be reduced to 55 weight percent in California. Other states may enact similar legislation mandating the reduction of VOC in hair styling compositions that are sprayed. Present hair styling compositions which are sprayed typically have equal to or greater than 80 weight percent VOC. The most likely replacement for VOC is water . The introduction of water into the hair styling composition can adversely affect the performance of the composition. For example, depending on the hair fixative resin and other additives in the composition, water can cause the composition, when sprayed, to form droplets or beads on the hair. These beads leave undesirable visible residue on the hair when dried, and can impart a raspy feel to the hair when combed. Water also has the disadvantage of increasing the drying time of the hair styling composition after it is applied to the hair when compared to hair styling compositions containing higher levels of VOC. Water can also adversely affect the properties of the hair fixative resin. For example, if the hair fixative resin is water soluble, water can cause high composition viscosities (greater than 15 centipoise) leading to decreased sprayability of the hair styling composition and clogging of the spray nozzle. Water soluble hair fixative resins, when used in low VOC hair styling compositions, are also more likely to become tacky after being applied to the hair. The water soluble hair fixative resins may also have poor curl retention properties due to their inability to dry completely when applied to the hair in a low VOC hair styling composition. These undesirable properties become particularly severe when the hair styling composition contains about 15 weight percent or more water. As a result, hair styling formulators have begun to redesign their hair styling compositions. US patent 4,196,190 to Gehman, hereinafter referred to as "Gehman" discloses an acrylic hair fixative resin containing from 10 to 30 weight percent of an alkyl acrylate, from 41 to 60 weight percent of methyl methacrylate, from 5 to 20 weight percent of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and from 10 to 30 weight percent of methacrylic acid. The Gehman patent, although disclosing that water can be used in a hair styling composition containing the acrylic hair fixative resin, does not disclose or suggest the need for low VOC hair styling compositions. The Gehman patent also does not disclose or suggest how to obtain a low VOC hair styling composition, including methods of overcoming the problems associated with low VOC hair styling compositions. Some low VOC hair styling compositions have already been developed. For example, US 5,176,898 to Goldberg, et al, hereinafter referred to as "Goldberg" discloses an aqueous hair spray formulation having less than 80 weight percent VOC. The aqueous hair spray formulation contains from 1 to 10 weight percent volatile silicone, preferably cyclomethicone or dimethicone copolyol, from 15 to 40 weight percent water/alcohol solution, from 5 to 60 weight percent propellant, from 1 to 10 weight percent water soluble hair fixative resin, and from 0.05 to 3.0 weight percent neutralizer/plasticizer. The dimethicone copolyol is a surfactant and makes the formulation easier to spray. However, the dimethicone copolyol, being a water soluble surfactant, has the undesirable effect of promoting beading when sprayed on the hair in a low VOC hair styling composition. Beading on the hair has the undesirable effects of leaving visible residue on the hair once dried and making the hair feel raspy when combed. There is a need for additives which reduce beading in a sprayable low VOC hair styling composition containing at least one soluble surface tension reducing compound and at least one hair fixative resin. The soluble surface tension reducing compound is any soluble compound which reduces the surface tension between the hair styling composition and the gaseous atmosphere above the hair styling composition. This definition includes for example, surfactants and plasticizers. In the present invention a low beading, low VOC aqueous hair styling composition is provided comprising: A) from 1 to 15 weight percent of at least one acrylic hair fixative resin; B) from 0.01 to 1 weight percent of at least one soluble surface tension reducing compound; C) from 0.0001 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one simethicone; D) water; and E) 70 weight percent or less of one or more volatile organic compounds. By a "aqueous hair styling composition" is meant a hair spray, styling gel, spray-on gel or mousse which is used on hair to hold the hair in a particular shape or configuration. Preferably, the aqueous hair styling composition in the present invention is a hair spray. The aqueous hair styling composition preferably contains 15 to 98 weight percent water, more preferably from 25 to 70 weight percent water, based on the total weight of the aqueous hair styling composition. By "low VOC" is meant that the hair styling composition contains 70 weight percent or less volatile organic compounds. Preferably the hair styling composition contains 55 weight percent or less VOC and more preferably contains 40 weight percent or less VOC. When the word "soluble" is used to describe a compound, such as for example "soluble plasticizing compound", it is meant that the compound described is soluble in the low VOC aqueous hairstyling composition. Correspondingly "insoluble" means that the compound described is insoluble and dispersed in the low VOC aqueous hairstyling composition. The term "(meth)acrylate" means methacrylate or acrylate. The term "(meth)acrylic acid" means methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. The acrylic hair fixative resin may be soluble or insoluble in the low VOC hairstyling composition. It comprises from 1) 5 to 95, preferably from 45 to 90, and most preferably from 70 to 80 weight percent of at least one C 1 to C 8 straight or branched chain alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, 2) from 2 to 70, preferably from 2 to 26, and most preferably from 5 to 20 weight percent of at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, and 3) from 2 to 50, preferably from 2 to 30, and most preferably from 12 to 26 weight percent of at least one C 3 to C 8 monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer, based on the total monomer used to form the acrylic hair fixative resin. Preferably, the at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate is a C 1 to C 5 alkyl (meth)acrylate such as for example, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, or pentyl (meth)acrylate or combinations thereof. More preferably the alkyl (meth)acrylate component comprises at least one C 1 to C 3 alkyl methacrylate and at least one C 2 to C 5 alkyl acrylate. Most preferably the alkyl (meth)acrylate component comprises methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate. The weight percent of the at least one C 1 to C 3 alkyl methacrylate in the hair fixative resin is preferably from 5 to 71, more preferably from 41 to 60 weight percent based on the total monomers used to form the hair fixative resin. The weight percent of the C 2 to C 5 alkyl acrylate is preferably from 2 to 67 and more preferably from 10 to 30 weight percent, based on the total monomer used to form the acrylic hair fixative resin. The alkyl group of the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably a C 1 to C 5 alkyl group. For example the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypentyl (meth)acrylate, or combinations thereof. More preferably the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate is hydroxyethyl methacrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate or combinations thereof. The C 3 to C 8 monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid is preferably (meth)acrylic acid, crotonic acid, or combinations thereof. More preferably, the C 3 to C 8 monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid is methacrylic acid. The proportions of the monomers comprising the acrylic hair fixative resin are selected to provide for an optimum hydrophilic/ hydrophobic balance. This optimum balance provides, in a low VOC hair styling composition, curl retention under humid conditions, moisture resistance, shampoo removability, and desirable aesthetics to the hair, such as minimal flaking of the hair fixative resin. The acrylic hair fixative resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) from 40,000 to 100,000, more preferably from 40,000 to 75,000 and most preferably from 40,000 to 60,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography using a 100,000 Mw methylmethacrylate polymer as the standard. The acrylic hair fixative resin preferably has a calculated glass transition temperatures (Tg) from 40 to 80 °C, and most preferably from 45 to 75 °C. The acrylic hair fixative resin is preferably added to the hair styling composition to provide a total concentration of from 1.0 to 15 weight percent and more preferably from 4.0 to 7.0 weight percent hair fixative resin, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. The acrylic hair fixative resin may be prepared by conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art. The acrylic hair fixative resin is preferably prepared by emulsion polymerization optionally followed by freeze or spray drying. Preferably, the acrylic hair fixative resin is made by a continuous in-line emulsification process. Suitable emulsion polymerization methods are disclosed in US Patent Numbers 3,245,932, 3,453,245, and 4,196,190. In addition to the acrylic hair fixative resin, the low VOC hair styling composition may optionally contain one or more insoluble polyester hair fixative resins. The insoluble polyester hair fixative resins are preferably added to the hair styling composition when the VOC concentration in the hair styling composition is 35 weight percent or less, more preferably 20 weight percent or less, and most preferably 5 weight percent or less, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. When the concentration of VOC is greater than 35 weight percent, it is preferred that no insoluble resin be present in the hair styling composition. The insoluble polyester hair fixative resins are preferably added to the hair styling composition to provide a total concentration of from 0 to 10 weight percent; more preferably from 1.0 to 7.0 weight percent; and most preferably from 1.0 to 4.0 weight percent insoluble hair fixative resins, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. Preferably, the weight ratio of acrylic hair fixative resin to insoluble polyester hair fixative resins in the hair styling composition is from 20:80 to 99:1, more preferably from 40:60 to 80:20. The insoluble polyester hair fixative resins preferably form hard clear films at room temperature. The insoluble polyester hair fixative resins preferably have a calculated Tg from 30 to 130 °C. Preferably, the insoluble polyester hair fixative resins are those described in US Patent Numbers 3,734,874, 3,779,993, 4,335,220, or 4,233,196. These polyesters can be synthesized by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable synthesis techniques are disclosed in US Patent Numbers 3,734,874, 3,779,993, 4,335,220, or 4,233,196. The preferred insoluble polyester hair fixative resin comprises a reaction product of: at least one difunctional aromatic containing compound, and one or more difunctional compounds selected from dicarboxylic acids, diols, diamines, alcoholamines aminocarboxylic acids, or combinations thereof. The preferred insoluble polyester hair fixative resin also contains one or more metal functional groups selected from a metal sulphonate, a metal carbonate, a nitro group, or combinations thereof. The difunctional aromatic containing compound contains an aromatic nucleus and two functional groups. The aromatic nucleus may be for example benzene, naphthalene, diphenyl, oxydiphenyl, sulfonyldiphenyl or methylenediphenyl. The two functional groups are each independently selected from a hydroxy, carboxylic acid, or amino group. The two functional groups on the aromatic containing compound must be selected such that they are capable of reacting with the difunctional compounds. The difunctional aromatic containing compound includes for example terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or naphthalene dicarboxylic acid. The one or more difunctional compounds, as stated previously are selected from dicarboxylic acids, diols, diamines, alcoholamines, aminocarboxylic acids, or combinations thereof. Dicarboxylic acids which may be used as the difunctional compounds include for example aliphatic or alicylic dicarboxylic acids or combinations thereof. Examples of dicarboxylic acids include succinic, glutaric, adipic, azelaic, sebacic, fumaric, maleic, itaconic, or 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic. Other suitable acids are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,779,993. Diols which are suitable as the difunctional compounds include for example aliphatic, alicyclic, and aralkyl glycols. The diols include for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, thiodiethanol; 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, p-xylylenediol, or combinations thereof The diols may also be polymers such as for example poly(ethylene glycol), or poly(propylene glycol). Diamines which are suitable as the difunctional compounds include for example ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-trimethylhexa-methylenediamine,4-oxaheptane-1,7-diamine, 4,7-dioxadecane-1,10-diamine, 1,4-cyclohexanebismethylamine, 1,3-cyclohexanebismethylamine, heptamethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, or combinations thereof. Alcoholamines which are suitable as the difunctional compounds include for example aromatic, aliphatic, heterocyclic compounds containing at least one amino and at least one hydroxy group. Typically, the alcoholamines contain from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The alcoholamines include for example 5-aminopentanol-1,4-aminomethylcyclohexanemethanol, 5-amino-2-ethyl-pentanol-1,2-(4- beta -hydroxyethoxyphenyl)-1-aminoethane, 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropanol, hydroxyethylamine, or combinations thereof. Aminocarboxylic acids which may be used as the difunctional compounds include aromatic, aliphatic, or heterocyclic compounds containing at least one amino group and at least one carboxylic acid group. Typically the aminocarboxylic acids contain from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The aminocarboxylic acids include for example 6-aminocaproic acid, its lactam known as caprolactam, omegaaminoundecanoic acid, 3-amino-2-dimethylpropionic acid, 4-( beta - aminoethyl)benzoic acid, 2-( beta -aminopropoxy)benzoic acid, 4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 2-( beta-aminopropoxy)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, or combinations thereof. The one or more metal functional groups may be attached to the different compounds which comprise the preferred insoluble polyester hair fixative resin. For example, the metal functional groups may be attached to the aromatic nucleus of the difunctional aromatic containing compound, or may be attached to either or both ends of the polyester polymer chain. Preferably the metal functional groups are attached to the aromatic nucleus of the difunctional aromatic containing compound. The metal of the metal functional group may be for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal ion, such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, or potassium; or may be for example a transition metal ion such as iron, copper or nickel. The metal functional group is preferably a metal sulfonate group such as sodium sulfonate. The most preferred insoluble polyester hair fixative resin has the CTFA name "ethylene diglycol/cyclohexanedimethanol/isophthalates/ sulphoisophthalates copolymer." This most preferred insoluble hair fixative resin is derived from the reaction of a) at least one difunctional aromatic containing compound having a metal sulfonate group attached to the aromatic nucleus; b) at least one dicarboxylic acid; and c) at least one diol, where at least 20 mole percent of the diol is poly(ethylene glycol). It is commercially available from Eastman Chemical Company. In the present invention a low beading, low VOC aqueous hair styling composition is provided. Beads are produced in a sprayed low VOC aqueous hair styling composition when the composition contains at least one soluble surface tension reducing compound and at least one acrylic hair fixative resin. The low beading, low VOC hairstyling composition of the present invention can be obtained by a method comprising adding at least one simethicone to the low VOC hair styling composition containing the soluble surface tension reducing compound and the acrylic hair fixative resin. An advantage to the simethicone is that it remains stable, and effectively reduces beading in the beading, low VOC aqueous hair styling composition after extended periods of storage. Simethicone is the CTFA designation for a mixture containing hydrated silica and dimethylpolysiloxane. The dimethylpolysiloxane has the structure shown in Formula II: where m is the average chain length, from 100 to 500. Simethicone is preferably added to the low beading, low VOC hair styling composition to provide a total concentration of from 0.0001 to 0.5 weight percent simethicone, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.01 weight percent simethicone, based on the total weight of the composition. Simethicone useful in the present invention may be obtained from suppliers listed in the International Cosmetic Ingedients Dictionary, 5th Edition, 1993, published by the CTFA in Washington D.C. Such suppliers include Dow Corning, Wacker-Chemie, and Rhone Poulenc. The soluble surface tension reducing compound, as stated previously, is any soluble compound which reduces the surface tension between the hair styling composition and the gaseous atmosphere above the hair styling composition. By "gaseous atmosphere" we mean a propellant or air. The soluble surface tension reducing compound may be for example a plasticizer or surfactant in the hair styling composition. The soluble surface tension reducing compound includes for example dimethiconecopolyols, panthenol, fluorosurfactants, glycerin POE, PPG 28 Buteth 35, PEG 75 lanolin, octoxynol-9, PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil, polyethylene glycol 25 glyceryl trioleate, oleth-3 phosphate, PPG-5-ceteth-10 phosphate, PEG-20 methyl glucose ether, or glycereth-7-triacetate, glycereth-7-benzoate or combinations thereof. Preferably the soluble surface tension compound is dimethiconecopolyols, panthenol, glycereth-7-benzoate, or combinations thereof. The soluble surface tension reducing compound is typically present in the low beading, low VOC hairstyling composition at a concentration of from 0.01 to 1 weight percent, and more preferably at a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.25 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition. The acrylic hair fixative resin, described previously herein, is preferably added to the low beading, low VOC hair styling composition to provide a total concentration of from 1.0 to 15 weight percent, and more preferably from 3.0 to 7.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. In addition to the acrylic hair fixative resin, one or more of the insoluble polyester hair fixative resins, described previously herein, may optionally be present in the low beading, low VOC hair styling composition. The insoluble polyester hair fixative resins are preferably added to provide a total concentration of from 0 to 10 weight percent, more preferably from 1.0 to 7.0 weight percent; and most preferably from 1.0 to 4.0 weight percent insoluble polyester hair fixative resins, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. Preferably the weight ratio of acrylic hair fixative resin to insoluble polyester hair fixative resins in the low beading, low VOC hair styling composition is from 20:80 to 99:1, and more preferably from 40:60 to 80:20. The aqueous hair styling composition may comprise iodopropynylbutyl carbamate. Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate is preferably present in the aqueous hair styling composition when the aqueous hair styling composition contains greater than 60 weight percent water. The iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is preferably added to the aqueous hair styling composition to provide a total concentration of from 0.005 to 0.02 weight percent iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. Other preservatives may also be added to the hair styling composition. The aqueous hair styling compostion may also contain other hair fixative resins, neutralizers, surfactants, solvents, propellants, other preservatives, thickeners, and other additives. Other hair fixative resins may optionally be added to the aqueous hair styling composition to provide other properties which may be desired by the formulator, such as a "stiffer" hold of the hair. The other hair fixative resins may be soluble or insoluble in the aqueous hair styling composition. The other hair fixative resins may be present in the aqueous hair styling composition at a concentration of from 0.5 to 6.0 weight percent, preferably from 1.0 to 2.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the hair styling composition. The other hair fixative resins which are suitable in the aqueous hair styling composition include for example butyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymers; vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate compolymers; octylacrylamide /acrylates / butyl-aminoethylmethacrylate copolymers; vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers; methacryloyl ethyl- betaine/methacrylate copolymers; methacrylic acid/methacrylic ester copolymer; or methacrylic acid/acrylic acid ester copolymers; or combinations thereof. Neutralizers are preferably present in the hairstyling composition when the hair fixative resins contain acidic groups, such as carboxylic acid groups, to promote solubility of the resin in the aqueous hair styling composition. For example, the acrylic hair fixative resin is preferably partially neutralized. Bases which will neutralize the hair fixative resins include for example amines, alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide or combinations thereof. Suitable amine neutralizers include for example 2-amino-2-methyl propanediol, 2-amino 2-methyl propanol, N,N dimethyl 2-amino 2-methyl 1-propanol, mono-isopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethanolamine, triethanolamine, morpholine or combinations thereof. Suitable alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides include for example sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the neutralizer is selected from the group consisting of 2-amino 2-methyl propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, N,N dimethyl 2-amino 2-methyl propanol, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, or combinations thereof. The amount of neutralizer added to the aqueous hair styling composition is preferably that amount to provide solubility of the hair fixative resin in the hair styling composition. Preferably, in a hair styling composition containing 35 weight percent or less VOC, from 40 to 60 mole percent of the acid groups on the hair fixative resin are neutralized. For a VOC hair styling composition containing greater than 35 weight percent VOC, preferably greater than 60 mole percent of the acid groups on the hair fixative resin are neutralized. One or more surfactants may be added to the aqueous hair styling composition. When surfactants are present in the hair styling composition, they are preferably present at a concentration of from 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition. The surfactants which may be used in the hair styling composition include for example anionic, cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric surfactants. For example, suitable surfactants include PPG 28 Buteth 35, PEG 75 lanolin, perfluoropolymethyl isopropyl ether, octoxynol-9, PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene glycol 25 glyceryl trioleate, oleth-3 phosphate, PPG-5-ceteth-10 phosphate, PEG-20 methyl glucose ether, glycereth-7-triacetate, glycereth-7-benzoate, or n-alkyl substituted lactam such as n-octyl pyrrolidone, or combinations thereof. One or more solvents may be added to the aqueous hair styling composition of the present invention. The solvents may or may not be VOC. When solvents are added to the aqueous hair styling composition they preferably comprise 70 weight percent or less, and more preferably 55 weight percent or less, based on the total weight of the aqueous hair styling composition. Suitable solvents include for example C 1 to C 12 straight or branched chain alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or propanol or combinations thereof. In an aqueous hair styling composition using an aerosol spray, one or more propellants are used. The propellants may or may not be VOC. Preferably, the propellants are used at a total concentration of from 10 to 70 weight percent; and more preferably from 30 to 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aqueous hair styling composition. Propellants include for example n-butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether; dimethoxymethane , difluoroethane, chlorodifluoroethane, chlorodifluoromethane, other chlorofluorocarbons, or combinations thereof. Preferred propellants are dimethyl ether, 1,1-difluoroethane, n-butane, isobutane, or combinations thereof. These propellants are commercially available. As stated previously, the total VOC in the aqueous hair styling composition, whether the VOC is a solvent or propellant, should be 70 weight percent or less, based on the total weight of the aqueous hair styling composition. Other preservatives which may be used in the aqueous hair styling composition include for exa isothiazolones, benzyl alcohol, or imidazolidinylurea. The other preservatives preferably comprise f 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent of the hair styling composition. One or more thickeners may be desirable in a hair styling composition which is applied to the hair in form of a mousse or styling gel. Suitable thickeners include for example polycarboxylic acid thickeners s as acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, carbomers, acrylates copolymer, or acrylates C 10-30 a acrylate crosspolymer; polyethoxylated urethane thickeners, or polyamide thickeners. The thickeners, w used, preferably are present at a total concentration of from 0.001 to 5.0 weight percent based on the t weight of the composition. Other additives, such as those commonly used by those skilled in the art may be added to the hair styling composition. The other additives used in the hair styling composition will depend upon the type of hair styling composition desired. Other additives include for example fragrances; moisturizers such as hydrolyzed silk protein, or hydrolyzed wheat protein; detangling aids such as panthenol; conditioning agents, such as those disclosed in US Patent 5,164,177; emulsifiers; antistatic aids, extracts, proteins, vitamins, dyes, tints, colorants, UV protectors or combinations thereof. The other additives typically comprise from 0.005 to 5 weight percent; more preferably from 0.01 to 1 weight percent of the aqueous hair styling composition, based on total weight of the aqueous hair styling composition. Additional other additives, as well as additional surfactants, solvents, other preservatives, and thickeners, which may be suitable in the aqueous hair styling composition may be found in the International Cosmetic Ingedients Dictionary, 5th Edition, 1993, published by the CTFA in Washington D.C. The invention will now be described in detail in the following Examples. In all examples, unless otherwise stated, the acrylic hair fixative resin tested, herein after referred to as "Hair Resin 1", had a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 and consisted of the following components in Table 1: Composition of Hair Resin 1 25 weight percent butyl acrylate 47 weight percent methyl methacrylate 10 weight percent hydroxyethylmethacrylate 18 weight percent methacrylic acid The weight average molecular weight of the acrylic hair fixative resins was measured by gel permeation chromatography using a 100,000 Mw methylmethacrylate polymer as a standard. Hair Resin 1 was added to the aqueous hair styling compositions in Examples 1 to 8 as an aqueous emulsion having 41 weight percent active solids and having a pH of about 2.5. All concentrations of Hair Resin 1 added to the hair styling compositions are reported as active solids. The Hair Resin 1 was made similar to the procedure described in Example 1 of US Patent Number 4,196,190 except that n-dodecyl mercaptan was used as the chain regulator instead of bromotrichloroethane. In Examples 1 to 8, test hair styling compositions having 55 weight percent VOC were prepared and consisted of the following components shown in Table 2. 55 Weight Percent VOC Test Hair Styling Compositions for Examples 1 to 8 Test Hair Styling Composition (weight percent) Test Composition Name C1 A B D Components Hair Resin 1 (as active solids) 5.1 5.1 5.1 3.5 Hair Resin 3 -- -- -- 1.5 2-amino-2-methylpropanol 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.65 Ethanol 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 Surface Tension Reducing compound see Table 4 --- Simethicone -- -- see Table 4 --- Water Balance Balance Balance Balance The effectiveness of the simethicone in reducing beading on hair from a sprayed low VOC hair styling composition containing at least one soluble surface tension reducing compound and at least one hair fixative resin was evaluated. After the hair styling composition was sprayed on the hair swatch, the hair swatch was visually ranked for beading using the scale shown in Table 3: Beading Scale 1 = no beading on the hair after drying or after spraying. 2 = slight beading after spraying, but no beading after drying. 3 = slight beading, slight residue from beads after drying. 4 = severe beading, noticeable residue after drying. The hair styling compositions were also evaluated for tackiness, comb-through, and feel according to the procedure previously described. The results of evaluating the simethicone for reducing beading in 55 weight percent VOC hair styling compositions are shown in Table 4. The results in Table 4 show that by adding simethicone (Examples 5 to 8) to a low VOC hair styling composition containing a surface tension reducing compound, such as dimethiconecopolyol, beading on the hair is reduced in comparison to a low VOC hairspray composition containing the surface tension reducing compound but no simethicone (Comparative Examples 3 to 4). Examples 5 to 8 also demonstrate that the addition of the simethicone does not adversely affect tackiness, comb-through, or feel. Comparative Example 2 demonstrates that triethylcitrate, in addition to plasticizing the hair fixative resin, also reduces the beading in low VOC hair styling compositions. Effectiveness of Simethicone in Reducing Beading in Low VOC Hair Styling Compositions Example HS Surface Tension Reducing Compound S Conc. (pbw) SMC Conc. (pbw) Bead Tack Comb Feel 1 (comp) C1 none 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2 (comp) A triethylcitrate 0.2 0.0 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 3 (comp) B dimethiconecopolyol 1 0.1 0.0 2.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 4 (comp) B dimethiconecopolyol 2 0.1 0.0 2.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 5 B dimethiconecopolyol 1 0.1 0.01 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 6 B dimethiconecopolyol 1 0.2 0.01 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 7 B dimethiconecopolyol 3 0.1 0.01 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.5 8 B glycereth-7-benzoate 0.1 0.01 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.0 Low VOC hair styling compositions were prepared according to the compositions in Table 5. Examples of suitable hair spray compositions which can be used with a spray pump (compositions D, E, H) and aerosol spray (compositions F and G) are shown in Table 5. Composition D is an example of a 0 weight percent VOC hair styling composition containing an acrylic hair fixative resin and insoluble polyester hair fixative resin. Composition I is an example of a styling gel formulation which is applied to hair by hand. Low VOC Hair Styling Compositions Components Low VOC Hair Styling Composition (weight percent) Composition Name D E F G H I Type pump pump aerosol aerosol pump gel VOC Content (wt %) 0 55 55 55 70 6 Hair Resin 1 3.1 7.0 5.1 5.1 7.0 4.0 Hair Resin 2 3.2 -- -- -- -- -- 2-amino-2-methylpropanol 0.42 0.76 0.56 0.56 0.76 0.62 ethanol 0.0 55.0 25.0 55.0 70.0 6.0 "triethyl citrate 0.1 -- -- -- -- 0.10 dimethiconecopolyol 1 * -- 0.1 0.1 0.1 -- -- simethicone* -- -- -- -- -- -- dimethylether -- -- 30.0 -- -- -- HFC- 152a* -- -- -- 30.0 -- -- thickener* -- -- -- -- -- 3.2 Water Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Description of Components used in Hair Styling Compositions in Example 1-8 and Table 5 Component Description dimethiconecopolyol 1 Dow Corning® 190 Surfactant, registered trademark of Dow Corning dimethiconecopolyol 2 Dow Corning 193 Surfactant dimethiconecopolyol 3 Dow Corning Q2-5220 simethicone Dow Corning Antifoam A cyclomethicone Dow Corning 344 Fluid dimethicone Dow Corning 200 Fluid IPBC iodopropynylbutylcarbamate Hair Resin 2 Eastman AQ-55 Resin, supplied by Eastman Kodak (ethylenediglycol/cyclohexanedimethanol/isophthalates/ sulphoisophthalates copolymer) Hair Resin 3 Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer PEG 500 poly(ethylene glycol) having a molecular weight of 500 Glycerin POE Polyethoxylated glycerin, supplied by Calgine Chemical HFC-152a 1,1-difluoroethane (Dymel® 152a, registered trademark of DuPont) Thickener Acrylates/Steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer

Claims: Aqueous hair styling composition, comprising: A) from 1 to 15 weight percent of at least one acrylic hair fixative resin; B) from 0.01 to 1 weight percent of at least one soluble surface tension reducing compound; C) from 0.0001 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one simethicone; D) water; and E) no more than 70 weight percent, preferably no more than 55 weight percent of volatile organic compounds. Method for reducing beading on hair from an aqueous hair styling composition, comprising adding to the composition from 0.0001 to 0.5 weight percent of at least one simethicone; wherein the aqueous hair styling composition is applied to the hair by a spray and comprises from 1 to 15 weight percent of at least one acrylic hair fixative resin; from 0.01 to 1.0 weight percent of at least one soluble surface tension reducing compound; and no more than 70 weight percent volatile organic compounds. Composition or method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soluble surface tension reducing compound comprises dimethiconecopolyols, panthenol, fluorosurfactants, glycerin POE, PPG 28 Buteth 35, PEG 75 lanolin, octoxynol-9, PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil, polyethylene glycol 25 glyceryl trioleate, oleth-3 phosphate, PPG-5-ceteth-10 phosphate, PEG-20 methyl glucose ether, glycereth-7-triacetate, or glycereth-7-benzoate. Composition or method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the acrylic hair fixative resin comprises from 1) 5 to 95 weight percent of at least one C 1 to C 8 alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, 2) from 2 to 70 weight percent of at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, and 3) from 2 to 50 weight percent of at least one C 3 to C 8 monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer, based on the total weight of monomer. Composition or method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aqueous hair styling composition additionally comprises up to 10 weight percent of at least one insoluble polyester hair fixative resin. Composition or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the C 1 to C 8 straight or branched chain alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer in the acrylic hair fixative resin comprises from 5 to 71, preferably from 41 to 60 weight percent of at least one C 1 to C 3 alkyl methacrylate monomer, and from 2 to 67, preferably from 10 to 30 weight percent of at least one C 2 to C 5 alkyl acrylate monomer, based on the total weight of monomer in the resin. Composition or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer in the acrylic hair fixative resin comprises a hydroxy(C 1 to C 5 )alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, preferably hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate or hydroxypentyl (meth)acrylate. Composition or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the C 3 to C 8 monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer in the acrylic hair fixative resin comprises acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or crotonic acid. Composition or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic hair fixative resin is from 40,000 to 100,000, preferably from 40,000 to 75,000 and more preferably from 40,000 to 60,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography using a 100,000 Mw methyl methacrylate polymer as the standard. Composition or method according to any preceding claim wherein the acrylic hair fixative resin has a calculated glass transition temperature (Tg) of from 40 to 80°C, preferably from 45 to 75°C.

Inventors: SCHWARTZ CURTIS, SCHWARTZ, CURTIS
Applicants: ROHM & HAAS, ROHM AND HAAS COMPANY
Application year: 1995
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61Q5, A61K8, A61Q7, C08L83