Oxygen permeable contact lens having a hydrophilic surface and method for producing the same

Abstract: A hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens having a front surface which is not to be in contact with the cornea of a human eye when the contact lens is worn on the human eye, wherein at least the front surface of the contact lens is coated with a hydrophilicity rendering material which renders the front surface hydrophilic and which is selected from the group consisting of: (A) hydrophilic silicone oil which is represented by the formula given in the specification and whose viscosity at a temperature of 20°C is not higher than 5,000 centipoise; (B) polysaccharide or its derivative; and (C) denatured collagen whose average molecular weight is in a range of 400 ∼ 100,000. Also disclosed is a method of producing the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens and a method for producing the same. More particularly, the invention is concerned with such a hydrophilic contact lens whose appearance is not deteriorated by a surface treatment for a high degree of hydrophilic property at the lens surface, and which contact lens is capable of maintaining the high hydrophilic property for a long time, even after repeated washing or cleaning of the contact lens by a flow of water. The invention is also concerned with a method for producing such a hydrophilic contact lens. Discussion of the Prior Art There have conventionally been used non-water swellable or absorbable contact lenses, such as a hard contact lens made of a polymer consisting principally of methyl methacrylate, an oxygen permeable contact lens made of a polymer consisting principally of siloxanyl methacrylate and/or fluoroalkyl methacrylate, for instance, and a non-water swellable or absorbable soft contact lens formed of a silicone rubber made mainly of polydimethylsiloxane, or a butyl rubber made mainly of butyl acrylate. The surface of these non-water absorbable contact lenses is hydrophobic. In particular, the oxygen permeable contact lens which has recently attracted public attention exhibits a high degree of hydrophobic property. For improving oxygen permeability of a contact lens, there is a general tendency that a material for forming the contact lens includes an increased amount of silicon- or fluorine-containing component. In other words, a contact lens which exhibits a higher degree of oxygen permeability contains a comparatively large amount of silicon- or fluorine-containing component. Accordingly, the surface of the thus-formed contact lens having the higher degree of oxygen permeability exhibits a considerable high degree of hydrophobic property. Generally, the above-described oxygen permeable contact lens is transported or handled while it is immersed in a storing or preserving solution. In this case, bacteria would be generated in the storing solution, or the storing solution would leak in the process of manufacture or transportation of the contact lens. To solve this drawback, it is considered to handle or transport the contact lens without being immersed in the storing solution, in other words, to keep the contact lens in a dry state. However, if the oxygen permeable contact lens is kept in the dry state for a relatively long period before it is worn on a human eye, the lens would tend to be excessively dry due to its low degree of hydrophilicity. Accordingly, the contact lens which has been kept in the dry state as described above tends to blur a vision of a lens wearer when the lens is initially worn on the eye of the wearer, and a tear fluid is readily repelled on the surface of the contact lens, whereby the eyesight of the lens wearer is apt to be unstable. For solving the above problems, there have been made various attempts to improve the hydrophilicity of the oxygen permeable contact lens. For example, JP-A-4-104220 discloses a technique for coating a surface of a contact lens with a hydrophilic compound. Described more specifically, a water-soluble polymer having an amino group is crosslinked by a suitable crosslinking agent, and is then applied to the lens surface to give a hydrophilic coating on the lens surface. However, the contact lens whose surface is coated with the hydrophilic compound according to the above method is not capable of maintaining the hydrophilic property at a satisfactory value for a long time, and the hydrophilic property of the lens is easily deteriorated when the contact lens is repeatedly washed or cleaned by a flow of water. US-A-5002582 describes the coating of contact lens surfaces with a number of different polymers including derivatised collagen, specifically human placenta type IV collagen coupled to photolabelled polymers. As another attempt to improve the hydrophilicity of the oxygen permeable contact lens, it is proposed that the oxygen permeable contact lens be subjected to a plasma surface treatment. However, the contact lens which has been subjected to such a plasma surface treatment would not exhibit a satisfactory hydrophilic property at its lens surface if the contact lens is kept in a dry state for a relatively long period before it is worn by the user. In this case, a layer formed on the lens surface as a result of plasma treatment undesirably enters into the composition of the contact lens. Thus, it has been long desired to develop an oxygen permeable contact lens which assures excellent durability in its hydrophilic property at its lens surface. It is also proposed to effect plasma polymerization of a hydrophilic monomer for improving the hydrophilicity of the contact lens. According to this proposal, there is formed a plasma-polymerized layer on the surface of the lens, whereby the contact lens exhibits improved hydrophilicity. However, it is generally difficult to control the formation of the plasma-polymerized layer on the lens surface. For instance, the lens surface tends to be plasma-polymerized to an excessive extent for attaining the desired degree of hydrophilicity at the lens surface. As a result, the contact lens is unfavorably colored, or a residual monomer irritates the eye of the lens wearer. Thus, the contact lens produced according to this method is not suitable for use. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide a hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens with the above-described problems avoided or reduced, by coating a lens surface with a suitable coating material. By the invention this may be achieved without deteriorating the appearance of the contact lens, so that the contact lens exhibits a high degree of hydrophilic property for a long time even after repeated washing or cleaning by a flow of water, and so that the contact lens can be kept or transported in a dry state. It is a second object of the invention to provide a method of producing such a hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens as set out in claim 1. In the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens of the invention, at least the front surface of the lens is coated by the suitable hydrophilicity rendering material. When the contact lens is worn by the user, the front surface of the contact lens is exposed to an ambient air, and is accordingly dried in the absence of a required aqueous fluid. In view of this, the front surface of the contact lens is coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material for endowing the front surface with enough hydrophilicity, so that the front surface of the contact lens has good wettability. According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of producing a hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens as set out in claim 2. According to one preferred form of the second aspect of the invention, the aqueous solution containing the hydrophilicity rendering material may further contain alcohol, preferably, ethanol. The alcohol, preferably, ethanol contained in the aqueous solution is effective to reduce a time required for the above-described drying process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The above and optional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention. The oxygen permeable contact lens whose front surface is to be coated with the suitable coating material according to the present invention is suitably selected from any known contact lens. For instance, an oxygen permeable contact lens formed of a polymer including components as disclosed in U.S.P. No. 4,594,401 (JP-B-62-55122) is suitably employed. More specifically described, the oxygen permeable contact lens disclosed therein is formed of the polymer obtained by copolymerizing a silicon-containing monomer as indicated below with other monomer such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate. Examples of the silicon-containing monomer include: trimethylsilyl styrene, pentamethyldisiloxanyl styrene, tris[trimethylsiloxy]silyl styrene, trimethylsilyl acrylate, trimethylsilyl methacrylate, pentamethyldisiloxanyl acrylate, pentamethyldisiloxanyl methacrylate, pentamethyldisiloxanylpropyl acrylate, pentamethyldisiloxanylpropyl methacrylate, tris[trimethylsiloxy]silylpropyl acrylate, tris[trimethylsiloxy]silylpropyl methacrylate. According to the present invention, the oxygen permeable contact lens formed as described above is coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material in the form of the denatured collagen derivative. The denatured collagen employed in the present invention is hydrophilic, and has an average molecular weight in the range of 400 ∼ 100,000. Examples of such denatured collagen include: water-soluble collagen obtained by extracting insoluble collagen by using suitable acid; atelocollagen obtained by hydrolyzing and removing telopeptide; geratin; hydrolyzed collagen; and a product obtained by decomposition of methylated collagen which is chemically modified. If the average molecular weight of the denatured collagen is smaller than 400, it is difficult to impart a desired degree of hydrophilicity to the contact lens. If the average molecular weight is larger than 100,000, the viscosity of the coating liquid is too high, deteriorating the working efficiency in coating the contact lens with the coating liquid. The term "denatured" used herein generally means that the property or state of a substance is changed due to various factors so that the biological activity of the substance is reduced or lost. More specifically described, collagen is denatured due to physical factors such as heat or pressure, or due to chemical factors, in other words, by chemical substance such as acid, base, acetone, alcohol, or acetamide. As the denatured collagen, a collagen-type surface active agent is employed in the present invention, for the purpose of assuring better wettability of the contact lens and improving the working efficiency in the coating process. The collagen-type surface active agent is a derivative of water-soluble collagen or hydrolyzed collagen, in particular a derivative obtained by reaction of a side-chain amino group or a side-chain carboxyl group of the water-soluble collagen with carboxylic acid anhydride or alcohol, or a derivative (acylated peptide) obtained by chemically bonding an end amino group of the hydrolyzed collagen to fatty acid chloride, by using alkali. In the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens according to the first aspect of the present invention, at least the front surface of the contact lens (which is not to be in contact with the cornea of the human eye when the lens is worn on the eye) is coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material as described above, whereby the front surface of the contact lens exhibits an excellent hydrophilic property. The hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens is advantageously produced in the following manner according to the second aspect of the invention as stated above. Initially, an aqueous solution containing the hydrophilicity rendering material is prepared by dissolving or dispersing, in an aqueous medium such as distilled water, soft water or pure water, the denatured collagen hydrophilicity rendering material, such that the aqueous solution has a concentration of 0.05 ∼ 25% by weight of the hydrophilicity rendering material. In an attempt to reduce the required time for the drying process for drying the contact lens to be effected later, alcohol such as methanol or ethanol may be added to the aqueous solution. Especially when the ethanol is added to the aqueous solution, the contact lens may take advantage of an antibacterial activity of the ethanol. The concentration of the hydrophilicity rendering material in the aqueous solution is held in the range of 0.05 ∼ 25% by weight, in view of the fact that it would be difficult to coat the lens surface uniformly with the hydrophilicity rendering material if the concentration does not fall within the above range. The thus prepared aqueous solution containing the hydrophilicity rendering material is applied to the oxygen permeable contact lens prepared as described above, such that at least the front surface of the contact lens is coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material of the present invention. The manner of application of the aqueous solution of the hydrophilicity rendering material may be selected from any known method as long as the contact lens can be uniformly coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material contained in the aqueous solution. For instance, the contact lens may be immersed in the aqueous solution. Alternatively, the aqueous solution may be sprayed or dropped over the contact lens which is rotating. Subsequently, the oxygen permeable contact lens whose front surface has been coated with a film or layer of the hydrophilicity rendering material is dried for removing unnecessary aqueous component retained on the lens surface. This process of drying the contact lens simplifies the manufacturing process of the contact lens as a whole and ensures uniform coating of the hydrophilicity rendering material over the entire area of the front surface of the contact lens. The contact lens may be dried in various known manners. For example, the contact lens is dried in the ambient air or under a stream of air, or dried by using a suitable desiccant. In particular, it is preferable to dry the contact lens in the ambient air for simplifying the manufacturing process of the contact lens and for enabling the hydrophilicity rendering material to be coated uniformly over the lens surface. The contact lens may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays, prior to the drying process as indicated above. The denatured collagen is polymerized by irradiation with the ultraviolet rays, whereby the denatured collagen is effectively tightly bonded or secured to the contact lens surface. It will be apparent from the above description that the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens which exhibits excellent durability is easily obtained according to the present method. The oxygen permeable contact lens is directly coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material according to the above-described method. However, the contact lens may be subjected to various preliminary treatments conventionally effected such as corona discharge treatment, plasma discharge treatment, or a treatment using a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, before the contact lens is coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material. The hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens is capable of exhibiting further excellent hydrophilic property and durability if such a preliminary treatment is effected in combination with the coating treatment of the lens surface with the hydrophilicity rendering material. In case where the plasma discharge treatment is effected as the preliminary treatment, the treatment is carried out in a suitable atmosphere such as ambient air, nitrogen, argon, helium or a mixed gas obtained by mixing these gases, under a pressure of 0.1-10 Torr. The plasma discharge treatment effected as described above assures further effective coating of the hydrophilicity rendering material on the contact lens surface and enhanced durability of the hydrophilic property of the lens surface. To further clarify the principle of the present invention, there will be described some examples of the invention. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the details of the illustrated examples, but may be embodied with various other changes, modifications and improvements which may occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention. In the examples, some other materials are proposed by the present inventors and are included for comparison. EXAMPLE Initially, distilled water was added to each of various hydrophilicity rendering materials as indicated in the following TABLE, to provide specimens of aqueous solution containing the respective hydrophilicity rendering materials, so that each specimen of the aqueous solution has a concentration (% by weight) of the hydrophilic rendering material as indicated in the TABLE. For the specimen No. 9, 70% ethanol solution was used in place of the distilled water. Subsequently, each specimen of the aqueous solution was subjected to suction filtration by using a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45µm, for about 19 hours at a temperature of 35°C. The specimen No. 9 was subjected to suction filtration under pressure of 2 atm. In the mean time, there were prepared a plurality of silicon-containing oxygen permeable contact lenses, each of which is formed of a polymer produced by copolymerizing tris[trimethylsiloxy]silyl styrene as an oxygen permeable component, with acrylic monomer. The prepared silicon-containing oxygen permeable contact lenses were immersed in the above-prepared specimens of the aqueous solution containing the respective hydrophilicity rendering materials. Then, the contact lenses were dried in the air so that sample Nos. 1-11 of the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lenses were obtained. For the sample No. 10, the contact lens was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for one minute, such that the contact lens was placed 15cm apart from an ultraviolet germicidal lamp. The sample No. 11 was not coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material. The hydrophilic silicone oils (A), (B) and (C) used for the sample Nos. 1-5 are respectively represented by the following formulas (A)-(C). The viscosity values of these hydrophilic silicone oils (A), (B) and (C) at a temperature of 20°C were 100 centipoise, 700 centipoise and 40 centipoise, respectively. The average molecular weight of the denatured collagen used for the sample No. 10 was 1,000. Each sample of the thus obtained hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens was checked for the appearance by visual inspection, in terms of transparency of the contact lens and uniformity of coating of the hydrophilicity rendering material on the lens surface. The results of the evaluation are also indicated in the TABLE. The transparency of the contact lens was evaluated as " o ○ " (highly transparent), " ○ " (comparatively transparent) and " × " (not transparent), while the uniformity of coating of the hydrophilicity rendering material was evaluated as " o ○ " (highly uniform), " ○ " (almost uniform) and " × " (not uniform). Each sample of the obtained hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens was rinsed by a flow of water and then, was checked for the wettability of the contact lens surface. The results are also indicated in the TABLE. The wettability was evaluated as "o ○" (excellent), "○" (good) and " × " (poor). After the evaluation of the wettability, each sample of the oxygen permeable contact lens was dried in the air. Thereafter, an angle of contact with respect to the lens surface of each sample was measured by a droplet or titration method using a measuring device CA-A available from Kyowa Kaimen Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha, Japan and the results of the measurement are shown in the TABLE. It is generally required that the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens be transparent and that the surface of the contact lens be coated uniformly with the hydrophilicity rendering material. As is apparent from the above TABLE, the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens according to the present invention has a good appearance, in other words, has a high degree of transparency, and the surface of the present contact lens is coated uniformly with the hydrophilicity rendering material. Further, the present contact lens has a good wettability after it is rinsed by a water flow, whereby the contact lens assures an excellent hydrophilic property at the lens surface for a long time. In the present hydrophilic oxygen contact lens, the contact angle of the lens measured after being dried in the air is relatively small. This means that the hydrophilic property of the contact lens is not deteriorated after being rinsed by water and dried in the air, but is effectively maintained for a long period. In the present hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens, at least the front surface of the lens is coated with the particular hydrophilicity rendering material according to the present invention, giving an excellent hydrophilic property to the front surface of the contact lens without deteriorating the appearance of the lens. The hydrophilic property of the front surface of the contact lens can be effectively maintained for a relatively long time after the contact lens is coated with the hydrophilicity rendering material, and in addition, even after the contact lens is repeatedly rinsed, to thereby effectively improve the durability of the hydrophilic property of the contact lens surface. Thus, the present contact lens is capable of exhibiting the hydrophilic property to a sufficient extent, and does not suffer from blurring or glooming and the repelling of the tear fluid on the lens surface conventionally experienced upon initial wearing of the contact lens on the eye of the user, even if the contact lens has been kept in a dry state for a relatively long period before the initial wearing. Further, the present method for producing the hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens makes it possible to easily produce the above-described hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens having excellent and uniform quality.

Claims: A hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens having a front surface that is not to be in contact with the cornea of a human eye when said contact lens is worn, wherein at least the front surface of the lens is coated with a material that renders said front surface hydrophilic, said material being either a denatured water-soluble collagen derivative in which a side-chain amino group or a side-chain carboxyl group of the water-soluble collagen has been reacted with carboxylic acid anhydride or alcohol, or an acylated peptide derivative of hydrolyzed collagen in which an end amino group has been bonded to a fatty acid chloride, and the average molecular weight of said material being in the range of 400 - 100,000. A method of producing a hydrophilic oxygen permeable contact lens having a front surface that is not to be in contact with the cornea of a human eye when said contact lens is worn, comprising the steps of: (i) preparing an aqueous solution containing, as a material that renders said front surface hydrophilic, 0.05 ∼ 25% by weight of denatured collagen derivative in which a side-chain amino group or a side-chain carboxyl group of the water-soluble collagen has been reacted with carboxylic acid anhydride or alcohol, or an acylated peptide derivative of hydrolyzed collagen in which an end amino group has been bonded to a fatty acid chloride, and the average molecular weight of said material being in the range of 400 ∼ 100,000; (ii) coating at least the front surface of an oxygen permeable contact lens with said denatured collagen, by contacting said contact lens with said aqueous solution containing said denatured collagen; (iii) irradiating said contact lens whose front surface has been coated with said denatured collagen, with ultraviolet rays; and (iv) drying said contact lens which has been irradiated with said ultraviolet rays. A method according to claim 2, wherein said aqueous solution containing said material that renders said front surface hydrophilic further contains alcohol. A method according to claim 3, wherein said alcohol is ethanol. A method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a step of, before step (ii), effecting a preliminary treatment of the lens selected from corona discharge treatment, plasma discharge treatment and a treatment using a strong acid.

Inventors: HISHIDA YASUHITO, NAKADA KAZUHIKO, NAKAMURA ATSUYUKI, NISHIBAYASHI MISAKO, SAITO NAOMI, HISHIDA, YASUHITO, NAKADA, KAZUHIKO, NAKAMURA, ATSUYUKI, NISHIBAYASHI, MISAKO, SAITO, NAOMI, Hishida, Yasuhito, c/oMenicon Co., Ltd., Nakada, Kazuhiko, c/oMenicon Co., Ltd. C.R.Lab., Nakamura, Atsuyuki, c/oMenicon Co., Ltd., Nishibayashi, Misako, c/oMenicon Co., Ltd. C.R.Lab, Saito, Naomi, c/oMenicon Co., Ltd. C.R.Lab.
Applicants: MENICON CO LTD, MENICON CO., LTD.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: G02B1
IPC codes: G02B1