Safety system for hoist apparatus

Abstract: Safety system for hoist apparatus, which, being preferably used in the use of all types of cranes employing a flexible element for the handling of the load, is constituted by a body or housing (1) which is equipped with the corresponding load hooking (2), and in the interior of which is housed all the elements which constitute the system, in such a way that the flexible element (3) is conducted and guided in its interior by a pair of pulleys (4) and (5), being provided that the safety system is basically constituted by the tie-down mechanism of the intact branches of the sectioned flexible element and by the activating mechanism of the same, and that in the normal working position, the flexible element freely circulates through its interior, for which the latch (6) fixes in position, the tie-down mechanism of the flexible element's intact branches once the same has been sectioned by any of its branches 3-a, 3-b or 3-c.

Description: OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The following invention, as expressed in the statement of the present descriptive report, consists of a safety device for hoist apparatus, intended to be used on all types of machinary for hoisting, traction or transportation of materials, objects, animals or persons, in such a way that the elevating or traction body may be any type of flexible element which is susceptible to being imprisoned by a clutch, jaw or pincers. As indicated, the safety device described is intended mainly for use with all types of cranes for the prevention, in the case of rupture of the flexible elevating element (cable), of the free falling of the load into space. Thus, if the elevating, flexible element of the load should suffer rupture, the safety device is instantaneously activated, fixing the intact branches of the flexible element, preventing the fall of the load into space, so that it is the actual flexible element which activates the safety element at the precise instant in which the rupture is produced. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Known to all, are the traditional cranes, for the hoisting of different loads, which are constituted by a central pillar or vertical tower, and an elevation arm joined to the same, in such a way that a group of cables which run throughout the tower and continue through the upper end of the arm, serve for elevating the loads, said cables not being equipped with any safety system which prevents the free fall of the load if rupture of the cable is produced. Thus, in the case of rupture of the load attachment cable, the latter falls irremedially into space, producing the loss of the load and additionally, may produce during its fall, a fatal accident for the persons to be found below the load's range of action. In short, we may say in general, that at present, the machines for which the safety system described in the present report are intended, are not equipped with any safety mechanism whatsoever, due to which, the loads manipulated by them are susceptible to fall or detachment from the attachment means or hook which ties them to the machine. Up to the present moment, only means for the free fall aprehension are used, or what is equivalent, no anti-rupture mechanism or safety system of the flexible element which supports them exists, consequently, the totality of the assembly of the "aprehension means-hook-possible loads" falls into space in case of rupture of the same. EP-A-155 217 seems to disclose a prior art device in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 of the instant patent. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The instant patent refers to a safety device as claimed, intended for use in hoist apparatus; the device is to be placed at the load attachment end, and is constituted by a closed body through the interior of which runs the flexible element and collects all the elements which comprise the safety mechanism. Thus, the flexible element (cables of different materials, chains, tapes, branches, etc.) is freely conducted through a series of pulleys in its interior, and also in the same, is placed the tie-down mechanism and the one for the activation of the same. The flexible element is conducted through a series of pulleys, so that a pair of pulleys placed on a same horizontal plane, causes the change of direction of the flexible element, and between them is placed the activating or release latch of the tie-down mechanism The said latch is finished off at its bottom by a pulley, through which runs the lower horizontal section of the flexible element, and the said pulley is found required by a tensile spring or spring carrier which is activated by the flexible element at the moment of its rupture. The positioning latch of the clutches or jaws which constitute the flexible element aprehension mechanism, maintains it in position during normal work, and when it causes its release, the flexible element, as a consequence of the rupture of the same, is freed the same acting as safety mechanism, detaining the intact branch of the flexible element. The actual safety mechanism, is constituted by a pair of assemblies, directed each one of them towards a vertical branch of the flexible element, and which is constituted by a horizontal flat bar, through one of whose ends it is joined to the latch, and on whose central surface a gap is provided, in relation to which, a pivot remains, while on its other end it joins rotationally to a pair of flat bars on the other end of which they are rotationally attached to the clutches or attachement jaws of the flexible element. The said latches or jaws are equipped with a fixed rotational axis, and in relation to the rotational axis of the joint to the coresponding flat bar, are to be found required by a tensile spring or spring carrier, which impel against the flexible element in order to materializaed its attachment. The aprehension jaws of the flexible element, remains in its position of rest adjacent to the same and confronted to some concavities of the housing or body in the interior of which they are housed, in such a way that when they are activated, in case of rupture of the flexible element, said clutches or jaws imprison the flexible element in the said concavities, causing that the actual weight supported and the excentricity of the safety assembly, which, the greater the weight the greater is the pressure exerted, prevents the fall of the load when imprisioning the flexible element by its intact branches. To complement the following description, and with the object of facilitating a better comprenhension of its characteristics, the present descriptive report is enclosed with a set of drawings, in which figures are represented as non-limitative illustrations, the most significant details of the invention, described in the present report. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 represents an elevation view of the open body or housing, inside of which is housed the safety mechanism for hoist apparatus, comprised of the tie-down mechanism of the same, as well as by the activating or release mechanism of the former in its normal working position, in which the flexible element runs freely throughout its interior guided by a series of pulleys. Figure 2 represents an elevation view of the previous figure, in which the safety mechanism is activated, imprisoning the corresponding clutches of the intact branches of the flexible element, preventing the fall of the load. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERED EMBODIMENT In view of the described figures and according to the adopted numbering, we can observe how the safety device for hoist apparatus is constituted by a housing 1 inside of which is housed all the constituting elements of the system, and which shall be equipped with the corresponding tie-down hooking 2 of the load. Housing 1 is now placed at the free end of hoisting cable 3, the same being pass-through, passing inside the housing 1, remaining guided by the corresponding pulleys 4 which guide the cable and by the pair of pulleys 5 which conduct the cable in its change of direction, cable 3 passing freely during the normal work of the apparatus. The safety device is basically made up of the tie-down mechanism and the release mechanism of the same, in such a way that the release mechanism is constituted by a latch 6, joined at the bottom to pulley 7 which is in contact with lower section 3-c of cable 3 and which is required by the coil spring, spring carrier or tensile spring 9. Likewise, latch 6 remains guided by pulleys 8, and by its end opposite to its rotational joint to pulley 7, is related with the tie-down mechanism, in order to maintain it in position during normal work of the apparatus. The tie-down mechanism is constituted by two assemblies of elements which act in relation to each one of the parallel branches 3-a and 3-b of the flexible element or cable 3, said assemblies remaining in transversal direction to the passage of the respective vertical branches. In case of rupture, each one of the tie-down assemblies of the intact branches is constituted by a flat bar 10 which remains in position by means of latch 6, said flat bar 10 being provided with a longitudinal gap 11 in which is housed a fixed pivot 12, in such a way that during the displacement of the flat bar 10, said pivot 12 acts as guide. On the other hand, flat bar 10 remains joined rotationally to a pair of flat bars 13 which are likewise rotationally joined to respective jaws which in turn are rotationally joined to a fixed axis 18 of the housing 1. The tie-down jaws or aprehension of the branches of the flexible element 3, remain confronted to corresponding concavities 19 materialized on housing 1, in such a way that on activation of the tie-down mechanism, the jaws press down on the flexible element on the confronted cavities, so that the excentricity formed by pivot 12 with the two rotational axis 18 and 19 of the jaws, result in that the greater the weight of the load, the greater the pressure exerted by the jaws on the imprisoned flexible element. Thus, when one of the branches 3-a, 3-b or 3-c breaks, the actual flexible element 3 activates the coil spring 9, and latch 6 is displaced freeing the pair of flat bars 10 of the tie-down mechanism, so that when the flat bars 10 are free of latch 6, they are displaced, guided by pivot 12 or by the action of the coil springs, tensile springs or spring carriers 20 which act on the tie-down jaws of the flexible element 3, causing the corresponding pair of jaws to tie-down onto the flexible element by its intact branch. Specifically, if it is branch 3-b which breaks (figure 2), its shall be jaws 14 and 17 the ones which imprison the intact branch of flexible element 3 against the respective concavities 19 confronted with them, preventing the load from falling into space together with housing 1. If on the contrary, it is branch 3-a the one which breaks, it shall be jaws 15 and 16 the ones which imprison the intact branch of flexible element 3 against the respective concavities 19 confronted with them, similarly preventing the falling of the load. If the flexible element should break by branch 3-c, it would be jaws 14 and 16 the ones which would imprison the intact branch of flexible element 3 against respective concavities 19 confronted with them, avoiding the free fall of the load. In relation to the safety device for the described hoist apparatus, the following may be pointed out. The actual flexible element is the one which directly activates the safety device at the moment in which rupture is produced on any of the branches of the same. The actuation of the safety device is produced at the very moment in which rupture of the flexible element is produced, since it is the latter which activates it, providing a total reliablity to the device considering its time of actuation to be within a thousandths of a second and one and a half seconds, since if the time were over two seconds, the device would have no effectivity whatsoever, and the load would fall the moment in which the flexible element broke. The displacement trajectory of the device with or without load, during the time interval comprised between the moment in which the flexible element breaks and the moment in which the system is activated, preventing the free fall of the load, must be a maximum of two meters for it to be effective, since otherwise, the load would inevitabley fall. Since the tie-down system of the jaws acts at the actual moment of rupture of the flexible element, since it is this which activates the device, the displacement of the device will in no case reach two meters, with or without load, due to which the safety device described is totally reliable. Finally, it only remains to emphasize once more the great advantage provided by the described device, since when it prevents the falling of the loads which are being manipulated by the hoisting apparatus, if the attaching flexible element should break, not only are the material losses produced prevented, but also, it is possible to avoid an accident which might have fatal consequences for those persons which might be within the range of influence of the falling of, the load. Throughout the present description, reference has been made to a flexible element of two vertical branches, but when said element, due to requirements of the machine or of its load is made up of more branches, the system shall be equipped with the necessary jaws, clutches or pincers, and shall be placed in a suitable manner which will ensure the adequate performance of the safety device.

Claims: Safety device for hoist apparatus which include a flexible element (3) to hoist a load, said device including a housing (1); hooking means (2) for connecting the device to the load; trajectory definition means (4, 5) to define the trajectory of a flexible element (3); latch means (6) mobile between a first and second position; locking means (10, 13-17, 19); support means for keeping the latch means in the first position whilst rupture of the flexible element (3) has not taken place; first activation means (9) arranged to displace the latch means from the first position to the second position when rupture of the flexible element (3) takes place; the latch means being arranged to keep the locking means (10, 13-17, 19) in an open position whilst the latch means (6) is situated in its first position; characterized in that the trajectory definition means comprise upper pulleys (4) and two lower pulleys (5) arranged to guide the flexible element, in order that the flexible element (3) comprise a horizontal section (3-c) between said two lower pulleys (5), and two vertical sections (3-a, 3-b); the support means comprise a pulley (7) joined to the lower part of the latch means (6), said pulley (7) being arranged to be supported by the horizontal section (3-c) of the flexible element during normal operation of the device, keeping the latch means in the first position; the locking means (10, 13-17, 19) comprise two assemblies, one of said assemblies being associated with a first one (3-a) of the vertical sections of the flexible element (3) and the other one of said assemblies being associated with a second one (3-b) of the vertical sections of the flexible element (3); each one of said assemblies comprising a first mobile locking means (10, 13-17) and a second fixed locking means (19), the first mobile locking means comprising: a first flat bar (10) arranged to be kept back in a first position by the latch means (6) when the latch means is in its first position, and arranged to be released when the latch means (6) is displaced from its first position towards its second position; a pair of jaws (14, 15; 16, 17), each one of said jaws being coupled to said first bar (10) by means of a second bar (13) coupled pivotably to said first bar and to the corresponding jaw (14, 15; 16, 17), each one of said jaws being pulled towards the second fixed locking means (19) by means of a second activation means, the jaws being arranged to be kept in an open position when the first bar (10) is kept back in its first position, said jaws (14, 15; 16, 17) being arranged to be displaced from said open position towards a locking position when the first bar (10) is released; the open position corresponding to a position in which the flexible element (3) may be freely displaced throughout gaps formed between the jaws (14, 15; 16, 17) and the second locking means (19); the locking position corresponding to a position in which a part of the flexible element (3) remains tied-down between the jaws (14, 15; 16, 17) and the second locking means (19), the second locking means (19) including fixed stop surfaces for the jaws (14, 15; 16, 17). Device according to claim 1, in which the latch means (6) comprises a latch (6) with an elongated part, mobile between guiding means (8), the latch including an upper part capable of being in contact with the first bars (10) so as to keep said first bars (10) back in their first position when the latch (6) is in its first position, and a lower part which is associated with the first activation means (9). Device according to claim 2, in which said first activation means comprise an activation means (9) connected to the pulley (7) connected to the lower part of the latch means (6) in such a way that it is capable of exerting a descending force on said pulley (7). Device according to claim 3, in which the activation means (9) comprise a tensile spring or spring carrier. Device according to any of the previous claims, in which the guiding means (8) comprise at least four pulleys. Device according to any of the preceding claims, in which each first flat bar (10) is equipped with a longitudinal gap (11), the first flat bars (10) being joined to the housing (1) by means of fixed pivots (12) which are housed in said gaps (11). Device according to claim 6, in which the jaws (14-17) are connected pivotably to the housing by means of fixed shafts (18). Device according to claim 7, in which the four jaws (14-17) comprise a first jaw (14) which in a stop position against the second locking means (19) stops with an upper part of a surface of a first lateral part of said second locking means (19); a second jaw (16) which in a stop position against the second locking means (19) stops with an upper part of a surface of a second lateral part of said second locking means (19); a third jaw (15) which in a stop position against the second locking means (19) stops with a lower part of a surface of said first lateral part of said second locking means (19); a fourth jaw (17) which in a stop position against the second locking means (19) stops with a lower part of a surface of said second lateral part of said second locking means (19). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each second activation means comprises a coil spring, a tensile spring or a spring carrier (20). Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jaws (14-17) and the second locking means present mutual stop surfaces between each jaw (14-17) and the second locking means (19), the shape and structure of said surfaces and the interrelation between the jaws (14-17) and the second locking means being such, that the force exerted by the actual elastic element (3) contributes to move or press the surface of at least one of the jaws (14-17) towards the corresponding surface of the second locking means (19). A system according to any of the previous claims, in which the first activation means are arranged in such a way that they are activated by the actual flexible element (3) when the rupture of the same takes place. A system according to any of the previous claims, in which the first activation means as well as the latch means (6) are placed between the lower pulleys (5).

Inventors: SIERRA ESCUDERO EMILIO, SIERRA ESCUDERO JOSE, SIERRA ESCUDERO, EMILIO, SIERRA ESCUDERO, JOSE, Sierra Escudero, José
Applicants: GANCHOS DE SEGURIDAD S L, GANCHOS DE SEGURIDAD, S.L.
Application year: 1995
Main classification: B66C15
IPC codes: B66C15