SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING BLOOD

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing blood are disclosed. Blood is directed through the inlet (46) of a separation device (40) for removing undesired matter while directing the blood substantially free of undesired matter from the outlet (48) of the separation device (40) and into a collection container (18) through the first port (P1). Residual air from the collection container (18) is expelled through a second port (P2) different from the first port (P1). The residual air is directed toward the inlet (46) of the separation device (40) to remove residual blood from the separationdevice (40) for collection in the collection container (18) through the first port (P1).

Description: 'SYSTEMSANDMETHODSFORPROCESSINGBLOOD". Field of the Invention: The invention generally relates to blood collection and processing systems and methods. In a more particular sense, the invention relates to systems and methods for removing white blood cells from red blood cells prior to transfusion or long term storage. Background of the Invention; Most of the whole blood collected from do¬ nors today is not itself stored and used for transfusion. Instead, the whole blood is separated into its clinically proven components (typically red blood cells, platelets, and plasma) , which are them¬ selves individually stored and used to treat a multiplicity of specific conditions and diseased states. For example, the red blood cell component is used to treat anemia; the concentrated platelet component is used to control thrombocytopenic bleeding; and the platelet-poor plasma component is used as a volume expander or as a source of Clotting Factor VIII for the treatment of hemophilia. Systems composed of multiple, interconnected plastic bags have met widespread use and acceptance in the collection, processing and storage of these blood components. In the United States, these multiple blood bag systems are subject to regulation by the government. For example, the plastic materials from which the bags and tubing are made must be approved by the government. In addition, the maximum storage periods for the blood components collected in these systems are prescribed by regulation. In the United States, whole blood components collected in a nonsterile, or "open", system (i.e. one that is open to communication with the atmosphere) must, under governmental regulations, be transfused within twenty-four hours. However/ when whole blood components are collected in a sterile, or "closed", system (i.e., one that is closed to communication with the atmosphere) , the red blood cells can be stored up to forty-two days (depending upon the type of anticoagulant and storage medium used) ; the platelet concentrate can be stored up to five days (depending upon the type of storage container) ; and the platelet-poor plasma may be frozen and stored for even longer periods. Conventional systems of multiple, interconnected plastic bags have met with widespread acceptance, because these systems can reliably provide the desired sterile, "closed" environment for blood collection and processing, thereby assuring the maximum available storage periods. In collecting whole blood components for transfusion, it is desirable to minimize the presence of impurities or other materials that may cause undesired side effects in the recipient. For example, because of possible febrile reactions, it is generally considered desirable to transfuse red blood cells substantially free of the white blood cell components, particularly for recipients who undergo frecjuent transfusions. One way to remove white blood cells is by washing the red blood cells with saline. This tech¬ nique is time consuming and inefficient, as it can reduce the number of red blood cells available for transfusion. The washing process also exposes the red blood cells to communication with the atmosphere, and thereby constitutes a "non-sterile" entry into the storage system. Once a non-sterile entry is made in a previously closed system, the system is considered "opened", and transfusion must occur within twenty-four hours, regardless of the manner .in which the blood was collected and pro¬ cessed in the first place. In the United States, an entry into a blood collection system that presents the probability of non-sterility that exceeds one in a million is generally considered to constitute a "non-sterile" entry. Another way to remove white blood cells is by filtration. Systems and methods for accomplishing this within the context of conventional multiple blood bag configurations are described in Wisdom U.S. Patents 4,596,657 and 4,767,541, as well as in Carmen et al U.S. Patents 4,810,378 and 4,855,063. In these arrangements, an inline white blood cell filtration device is used. The filtration can thereby be accomplished in a closed system. However, the filtration processes associated with these arrangements require the extra step of wetting the filtration device before use with a red blood cell additive solution or the like. This added step complicates the filtration process and increases the processing time. Other systems and methods for removing white blood cells in the context of closed, multiple blood bag configurations are described in Stewart U.S. Patent 4,997,577 and Stewart et al. U.S. Patent 5,128,048. In these filtration systems and methods, a transfer assembly dedicated solely to the removal of white blood cells from red blood cells is used. The transfer assembly also has a second fluid path that bypasses the separation device for the purpose of transporting liquid and air around the separation device. A need still exists for further improved systems and methods for removing undesired matter from blood components prior to transfusion or storage .in a way that lends itself to use in closed multiple blood bag system environments. Summary of the Invention; The invention provides a multiple container blood collection system for conveniently processing the various components of blood. The systems and methods that embody the features of the invention are particularly well suited for use in association with closed blood collection systems and conventional sterile connection techniques, thereby permitting separation to occur in a sterile, closed environment. One aspect of the invention provides a blood processing system and associated method that include an integral, inline separation device for removing undesired matter from blood. The system and method also include a collection container having separate first and second ports. The system and method direct blood through the inlet of the separation device to remove unde¬ sired matter. The system and method also direct the blood substantially free of undesired matter from the outlet of the separation device into the collec¬ tion container through the first port. The system and method expel residual air from the collection container through the second port. The system and method use this residual air to flush residual blood from the separation device and into the collection container. More particularly, the system and method direct the residual air expelled from the second port of the collection container toward the inlet of the separation device. The residual air moves re¬ sidual blood from the separation device into the collection container through the first port. This aspect of the invention vents residual air from the collection container through a path that not only bypasses the separation device, but a path that also is kept free from contact with blood throughout the blood separation and collection process. The invention thereby avoids the necessity of sterile vents or other complicated venting schemes to eliminate residual air in a closed blood processing system. This aspect of the invention also circu¬ lates the vented air back toward the inlet of the separation device to flush residual blood from the separation device and into the collection container. The invention thereby avoids waste and maximizes to the fullest extent possible the yields obtained during processing. According to another aspect of the invention, once expelling residual air from the collection container, the system and method seal the air vent path. The system and method then transfer a small aliquot or sample of the collected blood in the sealed vent path. The sealed vent path serves as a sample tube to retain a blood sample for later crossmatching and typing purposes. The sample tube, continuously integrally attached to the collection container, preserves a direct link between the donor's blood sample and the blood component stored in the collection bag. According to this aspect of the invention, the system and method retain the blood sample in a portion of tubing that beforehand serves only to transfer air, and is thereby kept free of prior contact with blood. The system and method thus eliminate the chance of contaminating the relatively small sample of processed blood through contact with disproportionately larger concentrations of other blood elements that might be created during one of the previous processing steps. According to another aspect of the invention, the system and method mix an additive solution with the blood in a mixing container before separating the undesired matter from it. In this aspect of the invention, the mixing container is also used to collect the residual air expelled from the collection container. The collected residual air is directed from the mixing container to flush residual blood (now mixed with the additive so¬ lution) from the separation device. Another aspect of the invention provides a blood processing system having a first container and a second container. Transfer tubing integrally connects the first and second containers. The transfer tubing includes an integral, inline separation device for removing undesired matter from the blood during transfer between the first and second containers. The system is intended to undergo centrifugation as an integral unit within a conventional centrifuges bucket. During centrifugation, blood in the first container separates into component parts. - 1 - This aspect of the invention provides a flexible pouch for holding the separation device during centrifugation within the bucket. The separation device nests within the pouch in between the first and second containers inside the centrifuge bucket. The pouch presents a relatively thin, flat profile and does not significantly add to the volume and weight of system during centrifugation. It creates a protective interface between the separation device and the containers during centrifugation, shielding the containers from direct contact against the separation device. In this way, the pouch protects the containers from puncture or damage during processing within the bucket. While the systems and methods that embody the features of the invention can be used to process all types of blood components, they are well suited for the removal of white blood cells from red blood cells by filtration prior to transfusion or long term storage. Other features and advantages of the inven¬ tion will become apparent upon review of the following description, drawings, and appended claims. Brief Description of the Drawings; Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a blood col¬ lection assembly that embodies the features of the invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly shown in Fig. 1 when used to transfer plasma compo¬ nent and RBC component to associated transfer bags; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly shown in Fig. 1, in which the RBC component is being transferred through a separation device to remove undesired matter from the RBC component, while the plasma component resides in a now-separated transfer bag; Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the assembly shown in Fig. 1 when used to vent air from the bag into which RBC component is collected after removal of undesired matter; Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of the assembly shown in Fig. 1 when using vented air to flush RBC component from the separation device that reiroves undesired matter; Fig. 5A is a schematic view of the RBC component collection container, with integral sample tube formed from the air vent path; Fig. 6 is a side section view of the assem¬ bly shown in Fig. 1 when nested within a centrifuge bucket, showing the integral separation device re¬ tained within in a flexible protective pouch; Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the separation device and the flexible protective pouch, when nested against the primary bag, as would occur within the centrifuge bucket shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a side section view of the assembly shown in Fig. 1 when nested within a centrifuge bucket, in which the separation device is retained in a protective pouch, and in which a ballast bag is used to fill an empty region in the bucket; and Fig. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of the ballast bag outside the centrifuge bucket. Description of the Preferred Embodiments; A blood collection assembly 10 is shown in Fig. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly 10 serves to separate and store the red blood cells as well as the plasma and platelet blood components by conventional centrifugation techniques. The assembly 10 also serves to remove undesired matter from the red blood cells before storage. In the il¬ lustrated embodiment, the undesired matter is removed by filtration. As used herein, the term "filtration" is intended to include separation achieved by various centrifugal and non-centrifugal techniques, and not merely "filtration" in the technical sense. Separa- tion can occur by absorption, columns, chemical, electrical, and electromagnetic means. The term "filtration" is thus broadly used in this specification to encompass all of these separation techniques as well. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the assembly 10 includes a primary bag or container 12 and several transfer bags or containers 14, 16, and 18. The primary bag 12 includes an integrally attached donor tube 22 that carries a phlebotomy needle 24. Branched tubing 20 integrally attaches the primary bag 12 to the transfer bags 14, 16, and 18. The tubing 20 is divided into tube branches 20A; 20B; 20C; 20D; and 20E. In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly 10 includes in line fluid flow control devices 26; 28; 30; and 32 in the tube branches 20A; 20B; 20C; 20D; and 20E. In the illustrated arrangement, the flow control devices take the form of conventional frangible cannulas. Each cannula normally blocks fluid flow through its associated tube branch. When manually bent, the cannula breaks apart to open the associated tube branch. In the illustrated embodiment, the cannula 26 controls fluid flow through the branch tube 20A. The cannula 28 controls fluid flow through the branch tube 2OB. The cannula 30 controls fluid flow through the branch tubes 20C and 20D. The cannula 32 controls fluid flow through the branch tube 20E. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the primary bag 12 has a top and bottom port configuration like that described and claimed in Johansson et al U.S. Patent 4,608,178. A commercial embodiment of such a system is sold by Baxter Healthcare Corporation (Fenwal Division) under radename OPTI-SYSTEM. It should be appreciated that, alternatively, the all the ports associated with the primary bag can be arranged along the top of the bag, as is also conventional for blood bags. In the particular configuration shown in Fig. 1, the bag 12 includes two bottom ports 34 and 36 and a top port 38. The branch tube 2OB communi¬ cates with the bottom port 34. The donor tube 22 communicates with the bottom port 36. The branch tube 20A communicates with the top port 38. In the illustrated embodiment, the primary bag 12 and the transfer bags 14 and 18 include normally sealed administration ports 41. The ports 41 are enclosed within conventional tear-away flaps. When opened, the flaps expose the ports 40 for attachment to conventional transfusion or transfer tubing (not shown) . In use, the primary bag 12 receives whole blood from a donor through the integrally attached donor tubing 22 (as the arrows in Fig. 1 show) . The primary bag 12 contains a suitable anticoagulant A. The whole blood undergoes separation by centrifugation within the primary bag 12. The centrifugation separates the whole blood into var- ious cellular and non-cellular components. In use, the transfer bag 14 is intended to receive the plasma blood component of the whole blood collected in the primary bag 12 through branch tube 20A. The transfer bag 14 ultimately serves as the storage container for the plasma blood compo¬ nent. Depending upon the particular objectives of the blood processing procedure, the plasma component can carry substantially all the platelets associated with thn collected whole blood, in which case the component would be called "platelet-rich plasma" or PRP. Alternatively, the plasma component can be substantially free of platelets, in which case the component would be called "platelet-poor plasma" or PPP. In the illustrated embodiment, the transfer bag 16 contains a storage solution S for the red blood cell (RBC) component of the whole blood collected in the primary bag 12. One such solution is disclosed in Grode et al U.S. Patent 4,267,269. Another such solution is conventionally called "SAG- M" solution. In use, the transfer bag 16 receives the separated RBC component through the branch tube 2OB. The separated RBC component is mixed with the stor¬ age solution S in the bag 16. For this reason, the transfer bag 16 can also be called a mixing bag. Branch tubes 20C and 20D together form a flow path between the transfer bag 16 and the trans¬ fer bag 18. The branch tube 20D communicates with the transfer bag 18 through a first port PI. This branch tube 20D includes an inline separation device 40 for separating undesired matter from blood cells. The separation device 40 includes an inlet 46 and an outlet 48. In use, the transfer bag 18 receives the RBC component through the first port PI (mixed with the storage solution S) after passage through the separation device 40. The transfer bag 18 ultimately serves as the storage container for the RBC component. The bags and tubing associated with the processing assembly 10 can be made from conventional approved medical grade plastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride plasticized with di-2-ethylhexyl- phthalate (DEHP) . As Fig. 1 shows, a conventional nγ ιι or ii r pii connector 39 can be used to form the branched fluid flow paths, as between branch tubes 20C; 20D; and 20E. The assembly 10 shown in Fig. 1, once ster¬ ilized, constitutes a sterile, "closed" system, as judged by the applicable standards in the United States. The assembly 10 remains "closed" during processing. This assures that the longest authorized storage intervals can be used for the components collected. It should be appreciated that, alternatively, the assembly 10 can initially comprise a group of sterile subasse blies. For example, the primary bag 12 could comprise one sterile subassembly, the transfer bag 14 another sterile subassembly, the transfer bag 16 yet another sterile subassembly, and the separation device 40 and transfer bag 18 still another sterile subassembly. In this arrangement (not shown) , the branch tubes 20A, 20B, and 20C would carry mating sterile connection devices that the user connects together at time of use, thereby creating the single integral assembly 10 shown in the drawings. Sterile connection devices that could be used for this purpose are shown in Granzow et al. U.S. Patents 4,157,723 and 4,265,280. During the first processing step, whole blood is collected through the donor tube 22 in the primary bag 12 (as Fig. 1 shows) . The system 10 is then placed as an integral assembly into a bucket 50 of a conventional blood centrifuge (as Fig. 6 shows) . The bucket 50 is spun at high speeds to centrifugal separate the whole blood within the pri¬ mary bag 16 into the red blood cell (RBC) component and PRP or PPP plasma component. Whether the separation process provides PRP or PPP plasma component depends upon the rotational speed and time of processing. Slower rotational speeds over a given time period (called a "soft" spin) produce PPP. Higher rotational speeds over the same time period (called a "hard" spin") yield more platelets in the plasma, produce PRP. As Fig. 2 shows, the heavier RBC component collects in the bottom of the primary bag 12 during processing. The lighter PRP/PPP plasma component collects at the top of the primary bag 12 during centrifugation. During centrifugal separation, an intermediate layer of leukocytes (commonly called the "buffy coat" and identified as BC in Fig. 2) forms between the red blood cell component and the PRP/PPP plasma component. If the plasma component is PPP, the buffy coat also includes a substantial amount of platelets. If the plasma component is PRP, substantially fewer of platelets remain in the buffy coat. Following the centrifugation step, the user removes the system 10 from the centrifuge bucket 50 to begin the second processing step (as Fig. 2 shows) . In this step, the user manually breaks the cannulas 26 and 28 open. The primary bag 12 is then compressed or squeezed between two spaced apart plates 52. The compression simultaneously expresses the PPR/PPP component from the top port 38 of the bag 12, while the RBC component is expressed from the bottom port 36 of the bag 12. The buffy coat layer BC remains behind in the bag 12. - Johansson et al U.S. Patent No. 4,350,585 discloses a system having plates 52 for compressing the primary bag 12 to simultaneously expel plasma and RBC components from the top and bottom ports 36 and 38 of the bag 12. A commercial embodiment of such a system is sold by Baxter Healthcare Corpora¬ tion (Fenwal Division) under the tradename OPTIPRESS. As Fig. 2 shows, while the bag 12 is squeezed by the plates, the PRP/PPP plasma component flows through the tubing branch 20A into the trans¬ fer/storage bag 14. At the same time, the RBC com¬ ponent flows through the tubing branch 20B into the transfer bag 16, where it mixes with the storage solution S. This technique keeps the buffy coat (BC) sandwiched between the PRP/PPP component and RBC component, while these components are expressed from the primary bag 12. This technique retains the buffy coat in the primary bag 12 and, with it, most of the leukocytes for subsequent harvesting or dis¬ posal. This technique provides from about 0.75 to about 1.00 log reduction in the number of leukocytes in the PRP/PPP plasma component and RBC component, when compared to the leukocytes contained in the whole blood. As Fig. 3 shows, at the end of the second processing step, the transfer bag 14 (containing the PRP/PPP component) and the transfer bag 16 (containing the RBC component mixed with storage solution S) can be separated in a sterile fashion from the primary bag 12 (containing the BC compo¬ nent) for independent handling. The separation of the bags 12; 14; and 16 can be accomplished by forming snap-apart seals 54 in the branch tubes 20A and 2OB. A conventional heat sealing device (for example, the He atron ® di¬ electric sealer sold by Baxter Healthcare Corpora¬ tion) can be used for this purpose. This device forms a hermetic, snap-apart seal 54 in the branch tubes 20A and 2OB. Preferably, the donor tubing 22 is also sealed and disconnected from the primary bag 12 in the same fashion before centrifugation (as Figs. 2 and 3 show) . In a third processing step (shown in Fig. 3) , the user further manipulates the separated transfer bags 16 and 18, the separation device 40, and interconnecting tube branches 20C; 20D; and 20E. In this step, the user suspends the trans¬ fer bag 16 above the transfer storage bag 18. The user breaks the cannula 30 to open communication be¬ tween the transfer bag 16 and the transfer/storage bag 18 via the tubing branches 20C and 20D and the separation device 40. The RBC component (mixed with storage solution S) flows by gravity through the separation device 40 into the transfer bag 18 through the port PI. It should be appreciated that the separation device 40 can be used to remove all types of undesired materials from the RBC component, de¬ pending upon its particular construction. In the illustrated embodiment, the separation device 40 is intended to remove leukocytes from the RBC component before storage. In this arrangement (as Fig. 7 best shows) , the separation device 40 includes a housing 42 con¬ taining a conventional fibrous filtration medium 44 suited for the removal of white blood cells from red blood cells. The filtration medium 44 can include cotton wool, cellulose acetate or another synthetic fiber like polyester. The undesired matter (i.e., white blood cells) are removed from the RBC compo¬ nent by the separation device 40. The third processing step thereby supple¬ ments the previous separation and compression processes (shown in Fig. 2) in removing leukocytes from the RBC component. The separation device 40 compliments the leukocyte removal efficiencies of the top and bottom port configuration of the primary bag 12. The use of the separation device 40 pro¬ vides an additional 0.5 to about 1.0 log reduction in the number of leukocytes in the RBC component during processing. The bag 16, being part of an integral closed system, is not vented to atmosphere. Furthermore, the bag 16 preferably contains only a relatively limited volume of residual air. As the total liquid volume of RBC component (and solution S) drains from the bag 16, and as the limited residual air volume is depleted, the sidewalls of the bag 16 will progressively collapse inward, until flow of the RBC component (and solution S) through the separation device 40 stops. This marks the end of the third processing step. - 19 - separation device 40 and inline flow branch tube 20D, causing it to flow into the bag 18 through the port PI for storage. The transfer/storage bag 18 can now be sep- arated from the branch tube 20D by forming a snap- apart seal 54 (shown in phantom lines in Fig. 5) for subsequent storage of the filtered RBC compo¬ nent/solution S mixture. After separating the transfer/storage bag 18 from the branch tube 20D, the user preferably gently squeezes the bag 18 to uniformly mix the RBC blood component in the bag 18. Mixing is preferred at this step of the process, because it has been observed that the residual volume of RBC component often contains a larger concentration of leukocytes (albeit a small concentration) than the preceding volumes. Mixing makes uniform the remaining small concentration of leukocytes in the RBC component (and solution S) during storage. As Fig. 5A shows, the sealed portion of the air vent branch tube 20E that remains attached to the bag 18 (via the port P2) can serve as a sample tube 72. Using a convention blood tube stripper, the user displaces the residual air from the tube 72 and into the bag 18. An aliquot of the RBC component (and solution S) will fill the tube 72 through the port P2. The user then uses a conventional heat sealing device (for example, the Hematron ® dielectric sealer) to form one or more hermetic, snap-apart seals 54 spaced apart along the length of the tube 72. The sample tube 72 retains one or more small aliquots or samples of the collected blood. The sample(s) are used to later crossmatch and type the donor's blood before transfusing the collected - 20 - RBC component. The tube 72, integrally attached to the bag 18, preserves a direct link between the donor's blood sample and the RBC component stored in the bag 18. According to this aspect of the invention, the assembly 10 retains the blood sample in a portion of tubing (i.e., a portion of the branch tube 20E) that beforehand serves only to transfer air, and is thereby kept free of prior contact with blood. The assembly 10 thus eliminates the chance of contaminating the relatively small blood sample in the sample tube 72 with a disproportionately large number of leukocytes, such as might be present in the branch tube 20D in the later stages of processing, as earlier discussed. In the assembly 10 shown in Fig. 1, the separation device 40 remains integrally attached to the assembly 10 during the centrifugation process. As Fig. 6 shows, during centrifugation, the separa- tion device 40 occupies the blood centrifuge bucket 50 alongside the bags 12; 14; 16; and 18. Typically (as Fig. 6 shows) , the primary bag 12 nests against one side of the bucket, and the other bags 14; 16; and 18 nest in succession against the other side. In this arrangement, the separation device 40 is sandwiched within the bucket 50 next to the primary bag 18. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment (see Figs. 6 and 7) , the separation device 40 is housed within a flexible pouch 56 during centrifuga¬ tion within the bucket 50. The pouch 56 includes a pocket 58 that receives the separation device 40 in a snug fit during processing. The pouch 56 preferably presents a rela- tively thin, flat profile, as Fig. 6 best shows. It separation device 40 and inline flow branch tube 20D, causing it to flow into the bag 18 through the port PI for storage. The transfer/storage bag 18 can now be sep- arated from the branch tube 20D by forming a snap- apart seal 54 (shown in phantom lines in Fig. 5) for subsequent storage of the filtered RBC compo¬ nent/solution S mixture. After separating the transfer/storage bag 18 from the branch tube 20D, the user preferably gently queezes the bag 18 to uniformly mix the RBC blood component in the bag 18. Mixing is preferred at this step of the process, because it has been observed that the residual volume of RBC component often contains a larger concentration of leukocytes (albeit a small concentration) than the preceding volumes. Mixing makes uniform the remaining small concentration of leukocytes in the RBC component (and solution S) during storage. As Fig. 5A shows, the sealed portion of the air vent branch tube 20E that remains attached to the bag 18 (via the port P2) can serve as a sample tube 72. Using a convention blood tube stripper, the user displaces the residual air from the tube 72 and into the bag 18. An aliquot of the RBC component (and solution S) will fill the tube 72 through the port P2. The user then uses a conventional heat sealing device (for example, the Hematron ® dielectric sealer) to form one or more hermetic, snap-apart seals 54 spaced apart along the length of the tube 72. The sample tube 72 retains one or more small aliquots or samples of the collected blood. The sample(s) are used to later crossmatch and type the donor's blood before transfusing the collected RBC component. The tube 72, integrally attached to the bag 18, preserves a direct link between the donor's blood sample and the RBC component stored in the bag 18. According to this aspect of the invention, the assembly 10 retains the blood sample in a portion of tubing (i.e., a portion of the branch tube 20E) that beforehand serves only to transfer air, and is thereby kept free of prior contact with blood. The assembly 10 thus eliminates the chance of contaminating the relatively small blood sample in the sample tube 72 with a disproportionately large number of leukocytes, such as might be present in the branch tube 20D in the later stages of processing, as earlier discussed. In the assembly 10 shown in Fig. 1, the separation device 40 remains integrally attached to the assembly 10 during the centrifugation process. As Fig. 6 shows, during centrifugation, the separa- tion device 40 occupies the blood centrifuge bucket 50 alongside the bags 12; 14; 16; and 18. Typically (as Fig. 6 shows) , the primary bag 12 nests against one side of the bucket, and the other bags 14; 16; and 18 nest in succession against the other side. In this arrangement, the separation device 40 is sandwiched within the bucket 50 next to the primary bag 18. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment (see Figs. 6 and 7) , the separation device 40 is housed within a flexible pouch 56 during centrifuga¬ tion within the bucket 50. The pouch 56 includes a pocket 58 that receives the separation device 40 in a snug fit during processing. The pouch 56 preferably presents a rela- tively thin, flat profile, as Fig. 6 best shows. It - 22 - In the illustrated embodiment, the pouch 56 measures about 3.0 inches in width, about 5.0 inches in maximum height. Its side wall has a thickness of about 1/16 inch in the region of the pocket 58 and a thickness of about 1/8 inch in the region of the tail section. The pouch 56 having these dimension will cover a substantial portion of the separation zone of a typical 450 ml primary bag. A bag of this size has an effective separation zone 62 with a height of about 6. inches and a width of about 4-3/4 inches. During processing, one or more ballast bags 64 may be required to fill empty areas in the cen¬ trifuge bucket 50 not occupied by the assembly 10, as Fig. 8 shows. In the illustrated embodiment, the ballast bag 64 includes sidewalls 66 made of a flexible medical grade plastic material, like plasticized PVC. The sidewalls 66 enclose an open interior vol- u e 68. Hard plastic pellets 70 occupy about one- third to one-half of the interior volume 68. Various modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the purview of the following claims. - 21 thereby does not significantly add to the volume and weight of items carried within the bucket 50. The pouch 56 is preferably made of a gener¬ ally flexible material. The durometer and thickness of the material is selected to present a relatively flat profile that resists major deflection. In one preferred embodiment, the pouch 56 is made from a medical grade plastic material, like PL-742 ® plastic material. It can also be made of an elastomeric material, like silicone rubber. - The pouch 56 can be made by gluing a flat sheet of plastic or elastomeric material into the desired configuration. Alternatively, the pouch 56 can be made by injection molding. When placed within the bucket, the pouch 56 creates a soft yet relatively stiff interface be¬ tween the separation device 40 and the adjacent bags 12; 14; 16; and 18 within the bucket. By enclosing the separation device 40 within the soft pocket 58, the pouch 56 shields the bags in the bucket 50 from direct contact against the separation device 40 dur¬ ing centrifugation. In this way, the pouch protects the bags from puncture or damage during processing. As Fig. 7 best shows, the pouch 56 can also includes an elongated tail section 60 that extends below the pocket 58. In this configuration, the pouch 56 presents in overall width and height a sur¬ face area that covers a substantial portion of the effective separation zone 62 of the primary bag 12, when laid against it, as Fig. 7 shows. In this arrangement, the pouch 56, when nested against the separation zone 62, serves to resist deformation of the zone 62 in response the strong centrifugal forces present in the bucket 50 during processing.

Claims: We Claim; 1. A blood processing assembly comprising a container having a first port and a sec¬ ond port different than the first port, separation means for separating undesired matter from blood, the separating means having an inlet and an outlet, means for directing blood through the sepa¬ ration means inlet for removing undesired matter while directing the blood substantially free of un- desired-matter from the separation means outlet into the container through the first port, means for expelling residual air from the container through the second port, means for directing the expelled residual air toward the inlet of the separation means to move residual blood from the separation means for collec¬ tion in the container through the first port. 2. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein the separating means includes means for removing leukocytes from blood. 3. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein the separation means removes leuko¬ cytes from blood by filtration. 4. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein the means for expelling residual air includes means for collecting the expelled residual air, and wherein the means for directing the residu¬ al air toward the separation means inlet communicates with the expelled residual air collect¬ ing means. 5. An assembly according to claim 1 and further including means for introducing additive solution to the blood. 6. An assembly according to claim 1 and further including means for introducing additive solution to the blood before it is directed to the separation means inlet. 7. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein the means for expelling residual air includes a second container for collecting the residual air expelled from the first mentioned container, and wherein the means for directing the residu¬ al ai toward the separation means inlet communicates with the second container. 8. An assembly according to claim 7 wherein the second container also, in use, holds an additive solution for blood. 9. An assembly according to claim 1 and further including a second container holding an additive solution having an inlet for re¬ ceiving blood for mixing with the additive solution, and wherein the means for directing blood through the separation means inlet communicates with the second container for directing blood mixed with the additive solution from the second container through the separation means. 10. An assembly according to claim 9 wherein the means for expelling residual air also communicates with the second container for collecting within the second container the residual air expelled from the first mentioned container, and wherein the means for directing the residu¬ al air toward the separation means inlet also communicates with the second container. 11. A blood processing assembly comprising a first container having a first port and a second port different than the first port, a second container including means for re- ceiving blood from a source, the second container holding an additive solution for mixing with the re¬ ceived blood, separation means for separating undesired matter from blood, the separating means having an inlet communicating with the second container and an outlet communicating with the first port of the first container, - ■ means for directing blood mixed with addi¬ tive solution from the second container through the separation means inlet for removing undesired matter while directing the blood mixed with additive solution and substantially free of undesired matter from the separation means outlet into the first port of the first container, means for expelling residual air from second port of the first container into the second container, and means for directing the residual air from the second container toward the inlet of the separa- tion means to move residual blood mixed with additive solution from the separation means for col¬ lection in the first container through the first port. 12. An assembly according to claim 11 wherein the separating means includes means for removing leukocytes from blood. 13. An assembly according to claim 11 wherein the separation means removes leuko¬ cytes from blood by filtration. 14. A blood collection system comprising a collection container including an inlet for receiving blood, a transfer container, a first fluid transfer path that includes separation means for separating undesired matter from blood, the separating means having an inlet communicating with the collection container and an outlet communicating with the transfer container through a first port, a second fluid transfer path that includes an inlet communicating with the transfer container through a second port different than the first port and an outlet that communicates with the collection container, and means for directing fluid flow within the system including flow control means operable (i) in a first mode for directing blood from the collection container through the first fluid transfer path and the separation means for collection in the transfer container through the first port, (ii) in a second mode for expelling residual air from the transfer container through the second port and into the collection container, bypassing the separation means, and (iii) in a third mode for directing the expelled residual air from the collection con¬ tainer through the first fluid transfer path and to- ward the inlet of the separation means to move residual blood from the separation means for collec¬ tion in the transfer container through the first port. 15. A system according to claim 14 wherein the first fluid transfer path in¬ cludes a first branch having an inlet communicating with the collection container and an outlet, a sec- ond branch having an inlet that communicates with the outlet of the first branch and an outlet that communicates with the first port of the transfer container, wherein the separation means is located in the second branch with the separation means inlet located in a downstream flow direction from the sec¬ ond branch inlet and the separation means outlet lo¬ cated in an upstream flow direction from the second branch outlet, and wherein the second fluid transfer path in¬ cludes a third branch having an inlet that communi¬ cates with the outlet of the first branch and an outlet that communicates with the second port of the transfer container. 16. A system according to claim 14 wherein the collection container includes an additive solution for blood it receives. 17. A system according to claim 14 wherein the separating means includes means for removing leukocytes from blood. 18. A system according to claim 17 wherein the separation means removes leuko¬ cytes by filtration. 19. A system according to claim 14 wherein the collection container, the transfer container, and the first and second transfer paths together comprise a sterile, closed system. 20. A blood processing system comprising a primary container for receiving whole blood for centrifugal processing into a first blood constituent and a second blood constituent, a first assembly for transferring the first blood constituent from the primary container after centrifugation, the first transfer assembly in- eluding a first transfer container for collecting the first blood constituent, a second assembly for transferring the sec¬ ond blood constituent from the primary container after centrifugation, the second transfer assembly including a second transfer container having a first port and a second port different than the first port, a first fluid transfer path that in¬ cludes -separation means for separating undesired matter from the second blood constituent, the sepa- rating means having an inlet communicating with the primary container and an outlet communicating with the second transfer container through the first port, a second fluid transfer path that in- eludes an inlet communicating with the second transfer container through the second port, and means for directing fluid flow within the system including flow control means operable (i) in a first mode for directing blood from the primary container through the first fluid transfer path and the separation means for collection in. the second transfer container through the first port, (ii) in a second mode for expelling residual air from the second transfer container through the second port, bypassing the separation means, and (iii) in a third mode for directing the expelled residual air from the second fluid transfer path through the first fluid transfer path and toward the inlet of the separation means to move residual blood from the separation means for collec- tion in the transfer container through the first port. 21. A system according to claim 20 wherein the primary container includes a first port and a second port that is oppositely spaced from the .first port, and wherein the first transfer assembly communicates with the first primary container port and the second transfer assembly communicates with the second primary container port. . 22. A system according to claim 20 wherein the second transfer assembly in¬ cludes a mixing container holding an additive solution for the second blood constituent having an inlet that communicates with the primary container for receiving the second blood constituent for mixing with the additive solution and an outlet that communicates with the first fluid transfer path for directing the second blood constituent mixed with the additive solution through the separation means. 23. A system according to claim 22 wherein the second fluid transfer path that includes an outlet that communicates with the mixing container for receiving the expelled residual air from the second transfer container. 24. A system according to claim 23 wherein the primary container includes a first port and a second port that is oppositely spaced from the first port, and wherein the first transfer assembly communicates with the first primary container port and the inlet of the mixing container communicates with the second primary container port. 25. A system according to claim 20 wherein the separating means includes means for removing leukocytes from blood. 26. A system according to claim 25 wherein the separation means removes leuko¬ cytes by filtration. 27. A system according to claim 20 wherein the primary container, and the first and second transfer assemblies together comprise a sterile, closed system. 28. A method for processing blood compris¬ ing the steps of directing blood through the inlet of a sep¬ aration device for removing undesired matter while directing the blood substantially free of undesired matter from the outlet of the separation device and into a collection container through the first port, expelling residual air from the collection container through a second port different than the first port while residual blood occupies the separa¬ tion device, directing the residual air toward the inlet of the separation device to move residual blood from the separation device for collection in the collection container through the first port. 29. A method according to claim 28 wherein, in the step of directing the blood through the separating device, leukocytes are removed from the blood. 30. A method according to claim 28 wherein, in the step of directing the blood through the separating device, leukocytes are removed from the blood by filtration. 31. A method according to claim 28 and further including the step of collect¬ ing the residual air expelled from the collection container, and wherein, in the step of directing the re¬ sidual air toward the separation device inlet, it is the stored residual air that is directed. 32. A method according to claim 28 and further including the step of introduc¬ ing additive solution to the blood. 33. A method according to claim 28 and further including the step of intro¬ ducing additive solution to the blood before di¬ recting it to the separation device inlet. - 34. A method according to claim 28 and further including the step of mixing the blood with an additive solution in a mixing container before directing the blood to the separation device inlet, and further including the step of collect¬ ing the residual air expelled from the collection container in the mixing container, and wherein, in the step of directing the re- sidual air toward the separation device inlet, it is the residual air stored in the mixing container that is directed. 35. A method for processing blood compris¬ ing the steps of directing blood through the inlet of a sep¬ aration device for removing undesired matter while directing the blood substantially free of undesired matter from the outlet of the separation device and into a collection container through the first port, expelling residual air from the collection container through a tube that communicates with a second port different than the first port, directing the residual air in the tube to¬ ward the inlet of the separation device to move re¬ sidual blood from the separation device for collec- tion in the collection container through the first port, sealing the tube at a location remote from the second port, and expelling residual air from the tube into the collection container through the second port, transferring a sample of the blood from the collection container into the tube through the second port. 36. A method according to claim 35 - • wherein, in the step of directing the blood through the separating device, leukocytes are removed from the blood. 37. A method according to claim 35 wherein, in the step of directing the blood through the separating device, leukocytes are removed from the blood by filtration. 38. A method according to claim 35 and further including the step of collect¬ ing the residual air expelled from the collection container, and wherein, in the step of directing the re¬ sidual air toward the separation device inlet, it is the stored residual air that is directed. 39. A blood processing system comprising a first container, a second container, transfer tubing integrally connecting the first and second containers in fluid communication, a separation device for removing undesired matter from blood integrally attached in the transfer tubing, and a flexible pouch including a pocket for receiving the separation device. 40. A system according to claim 39 wherein the flexible pouch presents a thin profile. 41. A blood processing system comprising a centrifuge bucket, a first container located within the bucket, a second container located within the bucket next to the first container, transfer tubing integrally connecting the first and second containers in fluid communication and located with the first and second container within the bucket, a separation device for removing undesired matter from blood integrally attached in the transfer tubing, and a flexible pouch including a pocket for receiving the separation device and for holding the separation device nested between the first and second containers within the bucket.

Inventors: BELLOTTI MARC, JOHNSON SAMIRA E, KARLOVSKY DANIEL M, BELLOTTI, MARC, JOHNSON, SAMIRA, E., KARLOVSKY, DANIEL, M.
Applicants: BAXTER INT, BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B01D37
IPC codes: A61M1, A61M39, B01D21, B01D35