Acoustic reproduction systems

Abstract: An acoustic production system having multiple signal sources (20,22) and a power amplifier (28) driving an acoustic transducer (32) such as a loudspeaker includes an arbitrator in a power limiter circuit to selectively limit the input level of one of the sources to the power amp (28) in response to an overdrive signal from the amplifier. The input level to the power amplifier (28) is automatically reduced in response to the overdrive signal until a predetermined level of limiting has been attained. Once the predetermined level of limiting is reached, the arbitrator (62) outputs a second overdrive signal to prompt additional limiting of the power amplifier output. Preferably, the arbitrator (62) is included in an interior active noise cancellation module (22) combined with an audio entertainment system for a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. The audio system (12) also preferably separates the audio reproduction into high frequency and low frequency branches, whereby the arbitrator (62) acts upon the signals output in the frequency ranges of active noise cancellation and the bass output of the audio entertainment system that are most likely to overdrive an amplifier.

Description: The present invention relates generally to acoustic production systems, and more particularly to a DSP system arbitrating audio reproduction and active noise cancellation for selectively limiting power amplifier output. To improve acoustic reproduction systems, digital signal processing (DSP) systems have been used to control processing of input signals to generate drive signals for the acoustic production emitted by a loudspeaker. One previously known form of acoustic production system comprises an active noise control (ANC) production system. Such a system may be conveniently employed in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle to compensate for the noise of the power train as well as road noise generated as the vehicle travels. In such a system, a sensed signal is input to an adaptive filter that generates an opposing phase signal that cancels out the sensed primary noise signal. Another known production system often used in vehicles comprises an audio entertainment reproduction system. Since both the audio entertainment system and an interior active noise cancellation system operate to affect the sounds perceived by passengers in the passenger compartment, it would readily appear desirable to consolidate both systems using the same output transducer, for example, one or more loudspeakers, within the passenger compartment to perform both functions. Moreover, the structural simplicity of DSP components and the ease of functional changeover by software modification, renders the combination of noise cancellation and audio reproduction a most practical combination. Such a combined system is disclosed in the European patent application EP-A-0 461 801. Nevertheless, the use of a single power amplifier to drive the transducers in response to both active noise cancellation signals and audio reproduction signals may overdrive the power amplifier and substantially disrupt the signal being delivered to or emanating from the loudspeakers. In order to avoid distortion in the amplified signals and acoustic response when signal peaks of the output of the overdriven power amplifier are clipped, it has been known to detect the clipping of the output signal and then limit the input to the amplifier or the gain of the amplifier in order to eliminate the clipping and the resultant distortion. For example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,001,440, 5,068,620, 4,048,573 disclose apparatus for detecting and limiting clipping of amplifier outputs. U.S. Patent No. 4,912,424 also recognized that wideband input signal limitation may be undesirable because all frequencies may be attenuated, although only signals in the bass frequency range generate the clipping output. Thus the patent disclosed a process to limit the bass range and the wide band output separately through a bass limiting loop as well as the volume or treble limiting loop. Moreover, bass boost is generally used in an automotive environment to mask low frequency road and engine noise, making clipping more likely in the audio signal environment of a motor vehicle. In addition, interior active noise cancellation in motor vehicles involves low frequency or bass range signal generation. In such systems, it has been known to employ a power limiter loop. For example, Digisonix DX Model 47 active noise controller processes a correction signal and alters it with a system modeling characteristics filter, including step sizing updates to the adaptive filter, as well as limiting the secondary noise signal or cancellation output to be introduced into the power amplifier. However, such a system is limited to the active noise cancellation circuit and does not limit the input that may be provided by another signal source input to the power amplifier. Moreover, it will be disadvantageous to limit both signal sources at the same rate, especially since the limitation of an output from an audio entertainment reproduction source may be subjectively more noticeable to the occupants of the motor vehicle than the active noise cancellation output of the transducer. The present invention overcomes the above mentioned disadvantages by providing an arbitrator for a multiple source input for a power amplifier that drives acoustic production transducers. The arbitrator directs one of the multiple sources to deliver limited input to the power amplifier before limiting output of the power amplifier as driven by the input of the other source. Preferably, distortion produced by the clipping of the output signal from the power amplifier is sensed to generate a clip detect signal introduced to the ANC module where it is processed to limit the output of the ANC module to the power amplifier input. In addition, a return clip detect signal is preferably coupled from the ANC module to the power amplifier so that when the ANC module has reached a predetermined limit of cancellation signal input to the power amplifier, a signal for additional limitation of the power amplifier output due to input from other sources is processed. In the preferred embodiment, an active noise cancellation module receives the clip detect signal from a power amplifier employed in a bass reproduction system of an acoustic production system of a motor vehicle. Moreover, the preferred ANC module includes adaptive filters for generating a cancellation signal from a reference signal and for modeling the error path from the output of the control system to the error signal input, for example, through the amplifier, loudspeaker and microphone sensing the noise to be cancelled. Preferably, the output from the active noise cancellation module is generated by subtracting a noise signal from a control signal. The control signal is generated by continuous on-line modeling in the first adaptive filter. The cancellation output signal compensates for the system noise by the second adaptive filter that employs continuous on-line modeling of the errors introduced by the transduction path. A power limiter receives the control signal for filtering through a copy of the error path modeling filter, and its output is added to the measured error signal generated from the noise sensing microphone to continuously update the first adaptive filter producing the control signal. The power limiter includes the arbitrator, preferably implemented by digital signal processing in accordance with an algorithm implemented in the controlling software. Thus, the present invention provides a power limiter in a signal source module employing an arbitrator for limiting the module's input to a power amplifier serving multiple sources before limiting the power output due to inputs from the other sources. In addition, the present invention provides an active noise cancellation module which produces a limited cancellation signal in response to a clip detect indication from a power amplifier. The module also provides additional processing to automatically adjust the attenuation factor as periodically necessary, as well as providing a clip detect signal for additionally limiting the output of the power amplifier to the extent that a predetermined level of limitation has been imposed upon the active noise cancellation signal from the module. Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustic production system, preferably including audio sources as well as an active noise cancellation source, in which at least a portion, such as a low frequency or bass reproduction portion of the audio system, is segregated as having a high level of distortion generating sources and including a power limiter, for example, in a segregated generating source. Furthermore, the combination of an audio reproduction system with an active noise cancellation module utilizing a single power amplifier according to the present invention restricts a subjectively annoying acoustic production by imposing a maximum limitation upon the active noise cancellation input to the power amplifier before affecting the audio entertainment signals driving the loudspeakers in the acoustic production system. Moreover, the system of the present invention enhances the stability of the ANC controller to improve integrity and control of the acoustic output from the loudspeakers. Furthermore, the system does not require substantial additional hardware that generally causes packaging problems generally associated with additional equipment. The invention will now be described further by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an acoustic production system for use in a motor vehicle passenger compartment and constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of an active noise cancellation module shown in the system of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an arbitrator used in the module shown in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a diagrammatic flow chart representation of an algorithm controlling the signal processor of the arbitrator shown in Figure 3. Referring first to Figure 1, an acoustic production system 10 is there shown comprising an audio reproduction system 12 and an interior active noise cancellation system 14 in combination. The audio reproduction system 12 includes a high frequency power branch 16 as well as a low frequency power branch 18 operating in response to an audio source 20. The audio source 20 comprises one or more entertainment media controls, such as a radiowave receiver, a compact disc player, a cassette tape player unit or the like, providing stereo transmission of left and right signals to both high pass and low pass filters for entry into the high frequency power branch 16 and low frequency power branch 18, respectively. In addition, the low frequency power branch 18 includes an active noise cancellation (ANC) module 22. Nevertheless, other acoustic production system designs can use the arbitration scheme of the present invention. For example, as shown in phantom line in Figure 1, each of the left channel signal 19 and the right channel signal 21 may be directed to a separate amplifier 24 and transducer combination without band pass filtering. In such a design, the ANC module 23 may provide an input to each of the separate channel amplifiers. As will be described in greater detail throughout the application, the ANC module 22 or 23 produces cancellation output 24 which is input with the output of the audio source 20 for introduction into a power amplifier, for example, the power amplifier 28 of the low frequency power branch 18 in the preferred embodiment, or the separate channel amplifiers 29 shown in phantom line in Figure 1. The power amplifier 28 provides a drive signal 30 to one or more speakers representing the transducer 32, for example, the woofer speaker for acoustic production of the lower frequency signals. The ANC module 22 interacts with the power amplifier 28 by means of a clip detect signal 34 generated in a conventional manner with an audio power amplifier I.C. such as with a TDA 7360 to introduce a binary signal representing the clip detect response into the ANC module 22. Similarly, the ANC module 22 interacts with the power amplifier 28 to signal when a predetermined or maximum level of signal power limitation is imposed upon the output 24, but without otherwise responding to the clip detect signal 34. As will be discussed hereinafter, the ANC module 22 generates the secondary source signal or cancellation output 24 in response to an adaptively filtered primary noise signal, for example, a reference signal 38, adjusted by an adaptively filtered and sensed error signal 40. As best shown in Figure 2, the ANC module 22 produces output in response to the primary noise signal, such as the reference signal 38 that is synchronized to the engine rotation, or any other signal correlated with the noise to be affected by the cancellation signal to be generated by the module 22. Reference signal 38 is introduced into the adaptive filter 42 used to generate an output 44 to be used in the cancelling signal 24. The cancellation signal 24 includes the output 44 but has a noise 46 added to it that is utilized in the modeling of the system error path. The noise 46 comprises a pseudo-random binary data stream that is used as a signal source to model the error path and obtain the error path model filter 48. The filter 48 creates the transfer function C(z) that represents the error path occurring through the amplifier 28, transducer 32 and the transducer, for example, one or more microphones, generating at least one measured error signal 40. Each of the adaptive filters 42 and 48 employ coefficients whose values are updated every sample period as may be determined to be desirable. C(z) is updated every sample period using the noise signal 46 and a signal 50 representing the measured error signal 40 with the noise effects modeled by filter 48. These signals are processed with a predetermined step size to update filter 48 in appropriate empirical increments that avoid extremely slow filter response on one hand, and uncontrollable filter variation on the other hand. Filter 42 is updated in a similar manner with inputs comprising an error signal 60 and a filtered signal 54 resulting from the reference signal 38 being filtered by a copy 78 of the filter 48, and likewise processed according to a predetermined step size. The error signal 60 results from error signal 50 being added to the output of a power limiter 62 determining the amount of energy of control signal 44 transmitted through the digital error path. The gain of the power limiter 62 before filtering by a copy 68 of filter 48 is K, whereby the value of K determines the amount of energy of output signal 44 that goes through the digital error path. The control signal 44 is amplified by the gain K to generate a limiting control signal 74. As a result, the overall power amplifier output is attenuated at about 1/(K + 1). Referring now to Figure 3, the constant K used in determining the gain of the power limiting control 62 producing signal 74 is a function of the clip detect signal 34 (CD1). As best shown in Figure 4, the constant K as a function of the clip detect signal 34 is determined by an algorithm logically updating whether only the cancellation output 24 from the active noise cancellation module 22, or both the cancellation output 24 and the first source signal 26 generated from the audio entertainment system 12, are to be affected by compensation for overdriving the power amplifier 28. Whenever the clip detect signal 34 is off, but the constant K is greater than 0, the constant K will be incrementally decreased by a predetermined amount and the clip detect output 36 (CD2) will be maintained at 0. If the clip detect signal 34 is on, but the constant K is not yet at a predetermined maximum value, K will be incrementally increased by a predetermined amount, for example, an amount while the clip detect output 36 from the ANC module 22 to the power amplifier 28 remains at an off or 0 level. In either event, the amount that K is changed may also be made variable depending on the application. For example, may need to be variable to assure stability of power limiting near the limit of amplifier signal clipping or changed between increasing or decreasing K. Nevertheless, once K has reached a predetermined maximum level, and the amplifier 28 continues to signal that the clip detect signal 34 is on, the clip detect signal 36 will be transmitted from the ANC module 22 to the power amplifier 28. The clip detect signal 36 is an indication of the need for additional limiting of the output of the power amplifier 28. The limitation may be provided by limiting the first source signal 26 input to the power amplifier 28. An example of a circuit for limitation of the audio reproduction input which can be used to avoid a clipped amplifier output is shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,912,424, 4,978,926 and 5,001,440, and diagrammatically shown at feedback gain loop 1. An alternative example of amplifier output limitation is shown in the variable-gain amplifier of U.S. Patent No. 5,175,508. As a result, the acoustic production system 10 of the preferred embodiment improves performance by restricting the output in the frequency range most likely to cause clipping of the output from the power amplifier. Moreover, the limitation may be controlled in a manner which is least noticeable or objectionable to occupants of the area in which the system is employed. As a result, the invention is particularly well adapted for use in motor vehicle passenger compartments in conjunction with both audio entertainment and interior active noise cancellation systems. Furthermore, the arbitrator of the present invention is readily incorporated in the motor vehicle without extensive equipment additions or additional power source requirements. Moreover, the invention substantially enhances the versatility and utility of DSP components that may already be employed in the vehicle, for example, in a DSP audio reproduction system.

Claims: An acoustic production system comprising: an active noise cancellation generator (22) and an audio entertainment source (20); a power amplifier (28) connected to generate a drive signal in response to signal inputs from the active noise cancellation generator (22) and the audio entertainment source (20); a transducer (32) operable to acoustically transmit a response to the drive signal; a clip detector arranged to generate a clip detect signal (34) when the drive signal is clipped; and an arbitrator arranged to selectively limit the drive signal by first adaptively limiting upon indication by the clip detector that the drive signal is clipped, the power of the input signal from the active noise cancellation generator (22) up to a predetermined level of power limitation and then additionally limiting the output of the power amplifier (28) in response to continued indication by the clip detector that the drive signal is clipped. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said arbitrator is included within a power limiter (62) in the active noise cancellation generator (22). A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the active noise cancellation generator (22) comprises an active noise cancellation module which has; a primary noise signal input (38); a cancellation filter (42) operable to generate a control signal (44) in response to said primary noise signal input; a measured error signal input (40) representing the noise to be cancelled; a modelling filter (48) arranged to generate a system error signal (60) in response to a signal from said measured error signal input (40); a noise generator arranged to generate a pseudo-random bit stream noise signal (46); and a subtractor adapted to generate an active noise cancellation output signal (24) by generating a difference signal from said control signal (44) and said bit stream noise signal (46). A system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the arbitrator is arranged to adjust the gain of the power limiter (62) up to a predetermined limit level and to generate a clip detect output signal (36) when said predetermined limit level is achieved and the clip detect signal (34) from the clip detector remains active. A system as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the cancellation filter (42) is continuously updated in response to said system error signal (60), a filtered copy (54) of a signal from said primary noise signal input (38) and a step size convergence parameter. A system as claimed in claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein said modelling filter (48) is continuously updated in response to said bit stream noise signal (46), a signal (50) representing a signal from said measured error signal input (40) modelled by the modelling filter (48), and a step size convergence parameter.

Inventors: BLIND HENRY FRANCIS, CHAMPAGNE ANTHONY JOHN, CZEKAJ JAMES LEO, DIFIORE NICHOLAS LAWRENCE, GEDDES EARL RUSSELL, KROCHMAL ANDREW CYRIL, SENYK MYRON IHOR, BLIND, HENRY FRANCIS, CHAMPAGNE, ANTHONY JOHN, CZEKAJ, JAMES LEO, DIFIORE, NICHOLAS LAWRENCE, GEDDES, EARL RUSSELL, KROCHMAL, ANDREW CYRIL, SENYK, MYRON IHOR
Applicants: FORD MOTOR CO, FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H03G11
IPC codes: H03G3, H03G11, H04B3, H03G5, H03H21, B60R11, H03H17, H03G9, G10K11