An electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system and a method of diagnosing the status of a back-up capacitor in an electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system

Abstract: An electrical control apparatus for an air-bag system capable of inhibiting the diagnosis of back-up capacitors (151,152) when a diagnosing routine is initiated by an extraneous noise. In a main routine executed by a microcomputer (132) provided in an electrical control apparatus for an air-bag system, data stored in a specific address of a volatile memory (135) is read out, and it is determined whether or not its value is the same as a fixed value. If the result is affirmative, it is determined that the main routine is started by an extraneous noise, an ignition flag IG is reset, and the diagnosis of the back-up capacitors is inhibited. On the other hand, if the data does not have the same value as the fixed value, it is determined that the ignition switch is turned on again after it has been turned off, the IG is set, and the diagnosis for back-up capacitors is carried out.

Description: The present invention relates to an electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system, especially to an electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system and a method with a capability of diagnosing accurately whether or not a back-up power is normal. In recent years, air-bag systems have been widely used for protecting passengers in a crash. As it is necessary for an air-bag to definitely expand when a crash occurs, but never to expand under normal circumstances, an electronic control apparatus using a microcomputer system is generally used as a control apparatus for the air-bag system. In the system, a capacitor having a large capacitance is provided to function as a back-up power source in the event that a battery that normally provides power has failed. The back-up capacitor is normally charged by the battery, and the electronic control apparatus is powered by the back-up capacitor if the battery has failed. Fig. 6 shows a functional diagram of a conventional electronic control apparatus for an air-bag system as disclosed in the Japanese Utility Model Publication (Kokai) JP-U-4-127057. In the figure, a controller 63 is connected to the plus terminal of a battery 61 through an ignition switch 62. A back-up capacitor 64 is connected in parallel to the controller 63 through a diode 65 and charging resistor 66 which are connected in parallel with each other. When the battery 61 is operating normally, it supplies electric power to the controller 63 through the ignition, switch 62, and charges the back-up capacitor 64 through the charging resistor 66. The direction of current flow is indicated by a solid arrow (a). If the terminal voltage Vb at the battery 61 drops or the connection is somehow broken, the charge stored in the back-up capacitor 64 is used to supply power to the controller 63 through the diode 65 to ensure minimal functioning. The direction of this current flow is indicated by a dotted arrow (b). The controller 63 incorporates a diagnosing routine which diagnoses whether or not the back-up capacitor 64 is normal. This routine is executed each time the ignition switch 62 is turned on. The conventional diagnosing scheme is to monitor the charge time of the capacitor to reach a voltage Vc, and judge that the back-up capacitor 64 is normal if the time required from the beginning of the diagnosis when the capacitor voltage Vc is at minimum, to the end of the diagnosis when Vc reaches its maximum value, is within a predetermined time interval. If the back-up capacitor 64 becomes open, for example, if the lead wire 67 becomes disconnected, the capacitor voltage Vc reaches the terminal voltage Vb of the battery 61 immediately after the ignition switch 62 is turned on. Therefore, this kind of failure is detectable. If the back-up capacitor 64 becomes shorted, the capacitor voltage Vc does not increase after the ignition switch 62 is turned on. Therefore, this kind of failure is also detectable. The controller 63, however, may spontaneously begin its diagnosis if it is reset by an extraneous noise, since it cannot determine whether a reset signal comes from the ignition switch 62 or is merely an extraneous noise. However, since discharging of the back-up capacitor 64 is not caused by an extraneous noise, the capacitor voltage Vc remains at the battery voltage Vb, so the diagnosis erroneously detects an open failure. DE-A-3913628 discloses an electronic control apparatus in which a battery is connected to a controller. There is also provided a back-up capacitor, also connected to the controller which acts as a reserve should the battery fail. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an electronic control apparatus of an air-bag, system including a power-supply by a battery through an ignition switch and a back-up capacitor in parallel thereto, the electronic control apparatus comprising a means diagnosing the status of a back-up capacitor to determine if it is normal; characterised in that the electronic control apparatus further comprises a means determining whether or not a reset signal was initiated by the ignition switch being operated, before allowing said diagnosing means to start the diagnosis of said back-up capacitor; and a means controlling execution of said diagnosing means so that the diagnosis is carried out only when the reset signal is initiated by the ignition switch, and is otherwise inhibited. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of diagnosing the status of a back-up capacitor in an electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system, including a power supply by a battery through an ignition switch, with the back-up capacitor in parallel thereto, and a diagnosing means for the back-up capacitor, the method comprising the steps of: determining whether or not a reset signal was initiated by the ignition switch being operated, before allowing the diagnosing means to start the diagnosis of said back-up capacitor and controlling the diagnosis so that it is carried out only when a reset signal is initiated by the ignition switch, and is otherwise inhibited. The invention provides an electrical control apparatus and method for an air bag system capable of inhibiting diagnosis of a back-up capacitor when a diagnosing routine is initiated by an extraneous noise. This diagnosis of a back-up capacitor is initiated when the controller is reset by the ignition switch, and the diagnosis is inhibited when the controller is reset in any other way. The present invention will be more clearly understood from the description set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of the present invention. Figures 2 and 3 are a flowchart of an example of the main routine of the control apparatus of the present invention. Figure 4 is a flowchart of an inspection routine. Figure 5 is a graph showing a charging curve. Figure 6 is a functional circuit diagram of a prior art electronic control apparatus for an air bag system. Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of the electrical control apparatus for an air bag system according to the present invention. In the figure, a battery 11 supplies electric power to a microcomputer system 13 though an ignition switch 12, a bus 121 and a voltage regulator 122. Note, the voltage regulator 122 regulates the terminal voltage of the battery 11, which is about 12 Volts, to the voltage supplied to the microcomputer system 13, which is 5 Volts. Furthermore, in order to increase the reliability of the bus 121, the battery 11 is connected to the bus 121 through an accessory switch 111 and a DC-DC converter 112. Note, the DC-DC converter 112 is provided to maintain the voltage on the bus 121 if the terminal voltage of the battery 11 drops. A connection between the accessory switch 111 and the regulator 122 is also provided. Two (2) back-up capacitors 141, 142 are connected to the bus 121 through discharge diodes 151, 152 and charge resistors 161, 162. Series connected voltage dividing resistors 181, 182 are connected in parallel with the two back-up capacitors 141, 142. The microcomputer system 13 is comprised of a CPU 132, an A/D converter 133, a non-volatile memory (ROM) 134 and a volatile memory (RAM) 135, which are connected to a data-bus 131. Figures 2 and 3 are a flowchart of the main routine stored in the non-volatile memory (ROM) 134. This main routine is executed every time the CPU 132 is reset. In the routine, data is read out from a specific address in the volatile memory (RAM) 135 at a step 21, and it is determined at a step 22 whether or not this data has the same value as a predetermined fixed value. If the data has the same value as the fixed value, it is determined that the CPU 132 has been reset by an extraneous noise. That is because, when the CPU 132 is reset by an extraneous noise, electric power is continuously supplied to the microcomputer, so the data stored in the volatile memory 135 is not lost, and it is therefore determined that the data has the same value as the fixed value. If the result of the step 22 is affirmative, the control proceeds to a step 23, which resets an ignition flag IG. On the other hand, if the result of the step 22 is negative, it is determined that the CPU 132 has been reset by the ignition switch 12 being turned on again after having been turned off. This is because, once the ignition switch 12 is turned off, the data stored in the volatile memory 135 is lost so its value is not the same as the value of the fixed value. The control proceeds to a step 24 which stores the fixed value in the specific address of the volatile memory 135, and it is again determined at a step 25 whether or not the data read out from the specific address of the volatile memory 135 has the same value as the fixed value. If the result of the step 25 is negative, it is determined that the volatile memory 135 has failed. On the other hand, if the result of the step 25 is affirmative, it is determined that the volatile memory 135 is normal and the control proceeds to a step 26, which sets the ignition flag IG. After the processes of the step 23 and the step 26 are finished, the control proceeds to Figure 3. At a step 31, it is determined whether or not the ignition flag IG is set, and if the ignition flag IG is not set, the control proceeds directly to a step 38 because the condition for diagnosing the backup capacitors 141, 142 is not satisfied. If the result of the step 31 is affirmative, it is determined whether or not the DC-DC converter 112 is normal by determining whether or not a voltage Vd which is proportional to an output terminal voltage of the DC-DC converter 112, is higher than a first predetermined voltage (for example, 10V) at a step 32. If the result of the step 32 is affirmative, the control proceeds directly to the step 38 without diagnosing the back-up capacitors 141, 142. If the result of the step 32 is negative, it is determined whether or not the battery 11 is normal by determining whether a voltage Vx which is proportional to a terminal voltage Vb of the battery 11 is higher than a second predetermined voltage (for example, 6V) at a step 33. If it is determined that the battery 11 is not normal, the control proceeds directly to step 38 without diagnosing the back-up capacitors 141, 142. Note, when it is determined that the DC-DC converter 112 or the battery 11 is abnormal, they are diagnosed by another diagnosing routine (not shown). If the result of the step 33 is affirmative, the control proceeds to a step 34 which determines whether or not a time t elapsed after the start of the main routine is longer than 100 ms and shorter than 200 ms. If the result of the step 34 is affirmative, the control proceeds to a step 35 which determines whether or not a monitored voltage Vs which is proportional to a terminal voltage of the back-up capacitors 141, 142, is higher than a high threshold voltage V H (for example, 9 V). If the result of the step 35 is affirmative, the control proceeds to a step 36 which issues an alarm indicating that the monitored voltage Vs rises quickly because the connection to the back-up capacitors is cut and the back-up capacitors cannot be charged. The control then proceeds to a step 38. If the result of the step 34 or the step 35 is negative, the control proceeds to a step 37 at which the back-up capacitors 141, 142 are checked, and the control then proceeds to the step 38. At the step 38, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time interval, for example 5 ms, has elapsed, and the control returns to the step 31 after that time interval elapses. Figure 4 is a flowchart of a routine executed in the step 37 of the main routine. First, the monitored voltage Vs is fetched at a step 371. At a step 372, it is determined whether or not the monitored voltage Vs rises to a low threshold voltage V L (for example 3V). the result of the step 372 is affirmative, the control proceeds to a step 373 which stores present time twow as an inspection starting time Ts. The control proceeds to a step 374. If the result of the step 372 is negative, the control proceeds directly to the step 374. At the step 374, it is determined whether or not the monitored voltage Vs rises to the middle threshold voltage V H (for example 6V), and if affirmative, the control proceeds to a step 375 which stores present time t now as an inspection terminating time Te. The control then proceeds to a step 376. A time interval ΔT from Ts to Te is calculated at the step 376, and it is determined whether or not the time interval ΔT sr larger than a minimum time interval ΔT L and shorter than a maximum time interval ΔT H at a step 377. If the result of the step 377 is negative, the control proceeds to a step 378 which issues an alarm that the capacitance of the back-up capacitors has decreased excessively, and the control terminates. If the result of the Step 374 is negative, the control terminates directly because the back-up capacitors 141, 142 are already charged enough. If the result of the step 377 is affirmative, the control terminates directly because the back-up capacitors 141, 142 are charged at a predetermined time constant. Figure 5 is a graph showing the charging curve of the back-up capacitors 141, 142. The abscissa denotes time and the ordinate denotes voltage. The charging voltage rises with a time constant determined from the resistance of the charging resistors 161, 162 and the capacitance of the back-up capacitors 141, 142. Therefore, when the back-up capacitors 141, 142 are normal, the monitored voltage Vs rises as shown by a solid line, and the time difference from the time when the monitored voltage Vs reaches the low threshold voltage V L to the time when it reaches the middle threshold voltage V H is within the predetermined time interval. On the other hand, if the connections to the back-up capacitors 141, 142 become open, the monitored voltage Vs rises quickly over the high threshold voltage V H as shown by the dashed line after the ignition switch 12 is closed. If the CPU 132 is reset by an extraneous noise, the main routine is initiated, but the ignition flag IG remains reset. Therefore, the alarm, which denotes that the connections to the back-up capacitors are open and the monitored voltage Vs rises quickly as shown by the dashed line because the back-up capacitors are not discharged by the diagnosing signal, is not issued. According to the electrical control apparatus for an air-bag system of this invention, when the CPU is reset by an extraneous noise and the diagnosis of the back-up capacitors is initiated, a mis-diagnosis due to the back-up capacitors not discharging, is securely prevented.

Claims: An electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system including a power-supply by a battery (11) through an ignition switch (12) and a back-up capacitor (141,142) in parallel thereto, the electronic control apparatus comprising a means (13; 371-378) diagnosing the status of a back-up capacitor (141,142) to determine if it is normal; characterised in that the electronic control apparatus further comprises a means (13; 21-26) determining whether or not a reset signal was initiated by the ignition switch (12) being operated, before allowing said diagnosing means (13; 371-378) to start the diagnosis of said back-up capacitor (141,142); and a means (13; 31) controlling execution of said diagnosing means (13; 371-378) so that the diagnosis is carried out only when the reset signal is initiated by the ignition switch (12), and is otherwise inhibited. An electronic control apparatus for an air-bag system of claim 1, wherein said diagnosing means comprises: a means (372,373) for storing a present time as an inspection starting time when a terminal voltage of said back-up capacitor (141,142) reaches a low threshold voltage; a means (374,375) for storing a present time as an inspection terminating time when the terminal voltage of said back-up capacitor (141,142) reaches a mid threshold voltage which is higher than said low threshold voltage; a means (376) for determining a time interval from said inspection starting time to said inspection terminating time; a means (377) for determining that said back-up capacitor (141,142) is normal when said time interval is within a predetermined time interval, and is otherwise abnormal. An electronic control apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a determining means (22) determines whether or not the value of data stored in a specific address of a volatile memory (135) which is provided in said electronic control apparatus for an air-bag system, is the same as a predetermined fixed value. An electronic control apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said controlling means further comprises: means (32) for inhibiting the diagnosis when a voltage of an electric power bus (121) provided in said electronic control apparatus for the air-bag system, is lower than a first predetermined range. An electronic control apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said controlling means further comprises: means (33) for inhibiting the diagnosis when the voltage of a battery (11) is lower than a second predetermined voltage. An electronic control apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said controlling means further comprises: means (34,35) for inhibiting the diagnosis when the terminal voltage of said back-up capacitor (141,142) rises over a high threshold voltage which is higher than said mid threshold voltage, within a predetermined time. A method of diagnosing the status of a back-up capacitor (141,142) in an electronic control apparatus of an air-bag system, including a power supply by a battery (11) through an ignition switch (12), with the back-up capacitor (141,142) in parallel thereto, and a diagnosing means (13; 371-378) for the back-up capacitor (141-142), the method comprising the steps of: determining whether or not a reset signal was initiated by the ignition switch being operated (21-26), before allowing the diagnosing means (13; 371-378) to start the diagnosis (371-378) of said back-up capacitor (141,142) and controlling the diagnosis so that it is carried out only when a reset signal is initiated by the ignition switch (12), and is otherwise inhibited (31). A method according to claim 7, wherein said diagnosing step comprises the steps of: storing a present time as an inspection starting time when a terminal voltage of said back-up capacitor (141,142) reaches a low threshold voltage (372,373); storing a present time as an inspection terminating time when the terminal voltage of said back-up capacitor reaches a mid threshold voltage which is higher than said low threshold voltage (374,375); determing time interval from said inspection starting time to said inspection terminating time (376); judging that said back-up capacitor (141,142) is normal when said time interval is within a predetermined time interval, and is otherwise abnormal. A method according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein said determining step comprises a step (22) of determining whether or not the value of data stored in a specific address of a volatile memory (135) which is provided in said electronic control apparatus for the air-bag system is the same as a predetermined fixed value. A method according to any of claims 7 to 9, wherein said controlling step further comprises a step (32) of inhibiting the diagnosis when a voltage of an electric power bus (121) provided in said electronic control apparatus for the air-bag system is lower than a first predetermined voltage. A method according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein said controlling step further comprises a step (33) of inhibiting the diagnosis when the voltage of a battery (11) is lower than a second predetermined voltage. A method according to any of claims 7 to 11, wherein said controlling step further comprises a step (34,35) of inhibiting the diagnosis when the terminal voltage of said back-up capacitor (141,142) rises over a high threshold voltage which is higher than said mid threshold voltage, within a predetermined time.

Inventors: KONISHI HIROYUKI, SUGIYAMA KOICHI, KONISHI, HIROYUKI, SUGIYAMA, KOICHI
Applicants: FUJITSU TEN LTD, FUJITSU TEN LIMITED
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B60R21
IPC codes: H02J9, B60R21, G01R31