Method for the erection of buildings and installation used hereby

Abstract: Method for the erection of buildings, consisting in the formation of prefabricated elements (1) and the subsequent assembly of these elements (1), characterized in that the prefabricated elements (1) are made of brickwork.

Description: The present invention relates to an installation for manufacturing prefabricated elements made of brickwork. The invention also relates to a method for the erection of buildings, whereby said method provides in the formation of prefabricated elements by means of said installation and the subsequent assembly of these elements. It is known that use can be made of concrete walls for the construction of buildings with prefabricated elements. Such concrete walls are advantageous in that they can be easily made. A major disadvantage, however, consists in that such walls are little porous, as a result of which they cannot breath so to say and as a result of which the buildings erected with them show several disadvantages regarding the release of moisture through the walls and condensation. Thus, the present invention concerns a technique for the erection of buildings with prefabricated elements, whereby a stone construction is provided on the one hand, but whereby the above-mentioned disadvantages of concrete walls are excluded on the other hand. From the documents US-A-4.067.766 and DE-A1-3.520.788, it is known to manufacture prefabricated walls of brickwork, whereby first all bricks of one row are put together and subsequently such a completed row is put on top of the already constructed part of the prefabricated wall. This technique is disadvantageous in that it requires a rather complex installation in order to form such separate row of bricks and in order to place such row of bricks onto the wall. The present invention aims at an improved installation. To this end, the invention concerns an installation for manufacturing prefabricated elements made of brickwork, said installation comprising at least one device for the formation of the brickwork, whereby this device comprises support means upon which the elements can be built, a building unit for performing the brickwork and means which make it possible to adjust the support means and the building unit in height in relation to one another, characterized in that said device further comprises means allowing that during construction the bricks are put down on the already constructed part of said element by means of a longitudinal movement along this element. With the longitudinal movement is meant that the bricks of one row are not put down simultaneously, but e.g. one by one. Further, the installation is preferably also provided with means which allow for the supply of bricks to any place along the element to be fabricated. The building unit preferably consists of a work platform upon which one or several bricklayers can take place. The means which allow for a longitudinal movement along the element to be fabricated can be of different types. They preferably consist of a trolley upon which a work platform of limited size is mounted. According to a variant, however, they may also consist of a work platform which is continuously provided over the entire length of the device concerned. The invention also relates to a method for the erection of buildings, consisting in the formation of prefabricated elements and the subsequent assembly of these elements, characterized in that the prefabricated elements are constructed by means of the above-mentioned installation. Preferably, the prefabricated elements are made of a concrete supporting beam and a mortar wall built on it. The supporting beam offers the advantage that the prefabricated elements can be transported without any risk of cracks being formed in the brickwork. According to a preferred embodiment, the brickwork of the prefabricated elements is made such that the crosscut ends thereof make it possible for several of such elements to be fit together in bond. This has for an advantage that the different elements can be linked very firmly, as a result of which the risk of future cracks is practically excluded. During the manufacturing of the above-mentioned elements, the brickwork is preferably made by alternately putting horizontal rows of bricks and edge joints on top of one another and by stopping the vertical joints only afterwards. This technique offers the advantage that the walls can be run up in a relatively short time. The stopping at a later stage can take place either after all the bricks of the prefabricated element have been laid, or each time after one row has been laid. In the latter case, the vertical joints should be preferably stopped while the next edge joint is being applied. According to yet another important characteristic of the invention the manufacture is done semi-automatically, and this such that the bricklaying is done manually, but the supply of mortar and the setting in height of the building unit are done in a mechanical and/or automatic way. This offers the advantage that the use of expensive, fully automatic devices is excluded on the one hand, whereas a good production level can be obtained on the other hand. In order to better explain the characteristics according to the invention, the following preferred embodiments are described as an example only without being limitative in any way, with reference to the accompanying drawings, where: figure 1 shows how is proceeded according to the method of the invention; figure 2 shows a schematic ground view of an installation according to the invention; figure 3 shows a cross section according to line III-III in figure 2; figure 4 shows a cross section according to line IV-IV in figure 2 to a larger scale, which schematically represents a bricklaying device; figure 5 shows a view to a larger scale of the part which is indicated in figure 4 with F5; figure 6 shows a cross section according to line VI-VI in figure 5; figure 7 is a schematic representation of yet another installation according to the invention; figures 8, 9 and 10 show cross sections according to lines VIII-VIII, IX-IX and X-X in figure 7; figure 11 shows a mortar supply element which can be used in an installation according to the invention; figure 12 shows a cross section according to line XII-XII in figure 11. As shown in figure 1, the invention concerns a method for the erection of buildings which consists in that prefabricated elements 1 made of brickwork are used. As is further shown in figure 1, these elements 1 preferably consist of a concrete supporting beam 2 and a mortar wall 3 built on it. The required openings 4 for windows and/or doors may already be provided in the wall 3, whereby the brickwork above these openings 4 can be supported by means of beams 5 provided above these openings 4. In the elements 1, which are mainly meant to form bearing walls and inner walls, grooves 6 may already be provided during the manufacturing for the application of installation elements, such as electric wiring. The elements 1 are preferably placed on concrete foundation beams 7. The placing is done by means of the necessary lift and transport means 8. According to the invention, use is preferably made of elements 1 whose crosscut ends 9 allow for a linking in bond. Figures 2 and 3 show an installation 10 for the manufacturing of said elements 1. According to the invention, this installation 10 contains at least one device 11 for building the above-mentioned walls 3. In the example given in figure 2, there are two of them. It is obvious that more of these devices 11 can be provided. As shown in figures 4, 5 and 6, such device 11 consists at least of support means 12 to support the element 1 to be made, a building unit 13 from where the brickwork is supplied, means 14 which make it possible to move the support means 12 and the building unit 13 in height in relation to one another and means which allow for a longitudinal movement along the element to be fabricated. In the embodiment shown, the support means 12 can be moved in height, whereas the building unit 13 is situated at a given height. The support means 12 in this case mainly consist of a horizontal lifting beam 15 which can be moved up and down by means of a drive 18 with the help of supports 17 which move vertically up and down along profiles 16. As shown in the figures 5 and 6, the drive 18 may consist of lifting cables 19 which are fixed to the supports 17 and which can be moved via a number of bending wheels 20 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 21. As a result of the moving in and out of the piston of the cylinder 21, the lifting beam 15 can be moved up and down. The drive 18 is preferably also provided with adjusting and control means which allow for a shift in steps of the lifting beam 15, each time over the height of a row of brickwork, in other words the height of a brick 22 increased with the thickness of an edge joint 23. The adjusting and control means in the example shown in figure 5 consist of a hydraulic control 24 which operates the cylinder 21 each time a shift is required, whereby the right shift is provided for by means of a sensor 25 which works in conjunction with reference marks 26 which are provided for example on the piston rod 27 of the above-mentioned cylinder 21. The above-mentioned building unit 13 in the example shown mainly consists of a work platform 28. The device 11 also has means which allow for a longitudinal movement between the building unit 13 and an element 1 under construction. According to figures 4, 5 and 6, the work platform 28 is provided to this end on a trolley 29 which preferably has a drive 30. The trolley 29 has a frame 31 which can be rolled over profiles 32. The drive 30 makes use of cables 33 which are fixed at their ends and which can be rolled up on reels 35 on the trolley 29 by means of an electrical motor 34, rolled off respectively. A loading platform 36 for bricks 22 and such like which is adjustable in height may be provided on the trolley 29, which can be moved by any sort of driving means 37 whatsoever. Preferably, these driving means 37 consist of shears 38 between the frame 31 and the loading platform 36 which can be opened and closed by means of an electrical motor 39, for example through the agency of a lifting screw 40 which acts on one of the arms of the shears. Further, the device 11 may also be provided with semi-automatic or automatic mortar supply elements 41. As represented in the figures 4, 5 and 6, such a mortar supply element preferably consists of a mortar tray 43 which can be moved along a longitudinal profile 42 with an output 44 which can be moved to and fro over a lifting beam 15. The drive is carried out by means of cables 45 and an electrical motor 46. The mortar tray 43 may be put under pressure so as to press the mortar out of it. Preferably, the longitudinal profile 42 can be slightly moved according to the cross direction of the device 11, for example by means of drive means 47, such as one or several hydraulic cylinders. This makes it possible for the place where the mortar 48 is deposited to be set as a function of the width of the wall 3 to be constructed and as a function of the place where the supporting beam 2 is situated on the lifting beam 15. At the output 44, a cut-off and/or batch mechanism 49 is provided which makes it at least possible to cut off the outlet 44, but which can possibly also provide for the required dosing of the mortar 48. It is clear that in those places where openings 4 are to be provided, meant for windows and doors, no mortar 48 may be deposited. In order to deposit mortar in the right places, use can be made of a measuring rod 50 upon which the places of the window and door openings are indicated. The cut-off and/or batch mechanism 49 is preferably equipped with the necessary sensors which work in conjunction with the above-mentioned reference marks, as well as with a pneumatic drive or such like, such that the mortar supply is interrupted at the height of the above-mentioned openings 4. The interruption of the mortar supply can also be coupled to the height up to where the element 1 concerned has already been built, which can be done automatically. Naturally, the above-mentioned reference marks on the measuring rod 50 also serve as a reference for the bricklayers, so that they know where to provide a window or door opening, and as an indication of the beginning and end of the wall. Apart from the measuring rod 50, also a jointing rule 51, for example an L-shaped iron, can be provided which, as represented in figure 6, makes it possible to place the bricks 22 neatly in line and to always press them in the mortar 48 up to the same depth. It is clear that this jointing rule 51 can be adjusted, for example because it is mounted on a frame 52 which can be moved horizontally. On any or both of the longitudinal ends of the device 11 can be provided a moveable lifting device 53 to place batches of bricks 54 directly or indirectly on the work platform 28, and more in particular on the loading platform 36. Supports 55 are hereby preferably provided to the ends of the device 11 to put the batches 54 on in the meantime, whereby these supports 55 are situated at such a height that the trolley 29, with an empty loading platform 36, can be rolled under the waiting batch 54, all this such that the batch 54 concerned can be loaded by moving up the loading platform 36. In the case where the building unit 13 is situated at a fixed height and the element 1 can be moved in height, the height of the building unit 13 is selected such that the lifting beam 15 practically touches the ground level at the time when the last row of bricks 22 is being laid. The device 11 is preferably provided with supports 56 upon which the constructed elements 1, while they are still standing on the lifting beam 15 concerned, can be put down and can be rolled away in vertical position as of there. These supports 56 preferably consist of rollers or such like. As can be seen in figure 6, the device 11 can be made two-sided, in other words, an element 1 can be built on either side of one single work platform 28. According to the invention, the device 11 is preferably part of a bigger installation 10. As represented in figure 2, this installation 10 may consist of a concrete line 57 where supporting beams 2 and possibly also the foundation beams 7 are made, and a masonry line 58 which contains among others the above-mentioned devices 11. The concrete line 57 can be divided in different zones, such as a zone 59 for the providing of shutterings 60, a zone 61 for the preparation of the concrete shutterings 60 such as the application therein of reinforcing steel 62, a zone 63 for the preparation and application of the concrete filling 64 and a zone 65 for the drying of the concrete and the dismantling of the concrete shutterings 60. The masonry line 58 preferably has a zone 66 to place the supporting beams 2 on the lifting beams 15 or possibly on other guides, a zone 67 in which one or several of the devices 11 are provided, a zone 68 in which the vertical joints are stopped and a zone 70 in which the above-mentioned grooves 6 are made in the walls 3. Apart from this, the masonry line 58 may also include two more zones 71 and 72 which are situated before the zones 68 and 70 respectively and in which the constructed elements 1, and in particular the brickwork, can already partly dry. The concrete line 57 and the masonry line 58 are situated next to one another. The zones of the concrete line 57 and the masonry line 58 preferably follow in the opposite sense, such that at the end of the concrete line 57, the beginning of the masonry line 58 starts. Further, the installation 10 may also have a zone 73 for the storage of reinforced iron 62, a zone 74 for the stacking of bricks 22, a zone 75 for the preparation of the elements 1 for transport, a zone 76 for the loading of the elements 1 and a zone 77 for the loading of the foundation beams 7. The whole is preferably accommodated in five halls 78 to 82, one and other as represented in figures 2 and 3. As represented in figure 3, at least one rolling platform 83 which can be adjusted in height is provided in the zone 68 from where the vertical joints 69 are filled with mortar under pressure, for example by means of a gun or such. In the zone 70 there is a milling machine 84. The halls 78 and 82 are equipped with rolling bridges 85 and 86, for the removal of beams 2 and 7 respectively and for the removal of finished elements 1. The longitudinal movement through the different zones is done by means of rolling bridges which consist of several supports 56 as mentioned above. The working of the installation 10 and the device 1 can be easily derived from the accompanying drawings and the above-mentioned description. In the concrete line 57, the beams 2 and 7 are made. They are stored for a certain period of time in the zone 65 so as to dry. The foundation beams 7 can be loaded directly in the zone 77 by the rolling bridge 85. This rolling bridge 85 also makes it possible to place the supporting beams 2 on the lifting beams 15. The lifting beams 15 are rolled in the devices 11 concerned. As shown in figure 6, the lifting beams 15 are then raised to the top, after which the bricklaying can start. Each time one row of bricks 22 has been laid, the lifting beam 15 concerned, after a layer of mortar has been put on it, is lowered over the height of one layer of bricks until the element 1 concerned is finished. The formed elements 1 are then moved through the zones 68 and 70 in which the vertical joints 69 are stopped and the grooves 6 are milled out, either manually, semi-automatically or fully automatically. Afterwards, the elements 1 can be loaded for transport by means of the roller bridge 86. In order to simplify the positioning of the beams 5, the trolley 29 can be provided with a lifting system 87. This trolley can also be equipped with a control panel 88 to control the device 11, for example to operate the mortar trays, to set the speed of the trolley, etc. It is clear that two or several trolleys may be present on one and the same track. In the case where the support means 12 cannot be adjusted in height, but the building unit 13 can, the mortar supply elements 41 should also be adjustable in height. According to a variant which is not represented, the devices 11 can be equipped with mortar supply elements 41 which are provided with means to form an insulating mortar, such as for example an apparatus which adds insulating particles such as plastic balls and/or gas bubble producers to the mortar at the time when the mortar leaves the mortar supply elements 41. The elements 1 are picked up for transport by means of straps 89, made for example of nylon. By tightening the straps 89 well, the walls 3 are loaded under pressure, which is better for the transport. It is clear that the invention is by no means limited to the above-described embodiment. Thus, the means for the supply of bricks 22 should not necessarily have the same shape as represented in figures 4 to 6. Also, figures 7 to 10 show a variant of an installation 10. This installation 10 contains several devices 11 situated next to one another. It is special in that it contains means for the supply of bricks 22 which mainly consist of a central supply mechanism 90 which extends diagonally under the places where the above-mentioned elements 1 are built; lifting means 91 and transport means provided on both ends of the devices 11, which will be described below, which make it possible to supply the bricks 22 from the central supply mechanism 90 to the lifting means 91 and from the lifting means 91, in their raised position, to the building unit 13. The supply of the bricks 22 and possibly other building materials is preferably carried out via a cellar 92. The central supply mechanism 90 preferably consists of a trolley 93, which can be rolled over a railway 94 and which is suited to transport a batch of bricks 54 which is placed on a pallet 95. The above-mentioned lifting means 91 consist of lifts which are situated at each of the far ends of each of the devices 11. The transport means which make it possible to supply the bricks 22 from the central supply mechanism 90 to the lifting means 91 consist of lengthwise extending roller tracks 96, or endless conveyor belts or such like. Also the trolley 93 and the floors 97 of the above-mentioned lifts can be provided with roller tracks 98 and 99 to roll batches of bricks 54 from the trolley 93 to the roller tracks 96 on the one hand, and to be able to roll batches of bricks 54 from the roller tracks 96 into the lift concerned on the other hand. In this case, the trolley 29 has no loading platform 36 which can be adjusted in height. In this case, two loading platforms are provided which each consist of roller tracks 100 and 101 or such like, such that a batch of bricks 54 supplied by means of lifting means 91, either on the one end of the device 11 concerned or on the other end, can be rolled from said lifting means 91 onto the loading platform of the trolley 29. As represented in figure 7, the installation 10 is provided with conveyor means for empty pallets 95. These consist of platforms 102, 103 and 104 on the lifting means 91, the above-mentioned transport means and the central supply mechanism 90 respectively. These platforms 102, 103 and 104 in turn also consist of transport means such as roller tracks, endless conveyor belts or such like which make it possible to carry back empty pallets 95. Further, the installation 10 may also be equipped with supply means 105 for accessories, such as beams 5 which are designed to be placed above window and/or door openings 4. These supply means 105 consist of a platform 106 which can be rolled crosswise, which can move over trails 108 via rollers 107, whereby said platform 106 can also be moved upward to beneath the building unit 13. To this end, lifting means 109 are provided which can lift the platform 106 or part of it in the height, for example up to the position which is represented by means of dashed lines in figure 7. The beams 5 can be further raised by means of a lifting mechanism 111 which can be rolled over a guide 110 and be put in their place. As represented in figure 10, every device 11 is provided with a mortar tray 43 which can be rolled along a circular guide 112, consisting of two rails 113 and 114, such that the same mortar tray 43 can cooperate with two elements 1 to be built, on either side respectively of the device 11 concerned. Apart from that, the devices 11 which are represented in figures 7 to 10 have an almost analogous design as the device 11 from figures 4 to 6. The working of the installation 10 which is represented in figures 7 to 10 can be easily derived from these figures. Via the railway 94, batches of bricks 54 are supplied. If bricks 22 need to be supplied to a particular device 11, the trolley 93 is rolled under the device 11 concerned with a batch of bricks 54. Subsequently, this batch of bricks 54 is supplied from the trolley 93 over the roller track 96 concerned to the lifting means 91. The lifting means 91 brings the batch of bricks 54 up to the height of the building unit 13. The trolley 29 concerned is then driven to the end of the device 11, where the batch of bricks 54 is raised, after which said batch of bricks 54 can be rolled on said trolley 29. The bricklayer puts the empty pallet 95 on the above-mentioned platform 102. The lifting means 91 goes down again and the pallet 95 is rolled over the platform 103 up to the platform 104 of the trolley 93, from where it is led down further. It is clear that the movement of a batch of bricks 54 and of an empty pallet 95 can be done fully automatically, whereby the necessary drive means and control means are provided. For clarity's sake, these are not represented in the figures. Figures 11 and 12 represent another embodiment of a mortar supply element 41. It is special in that this mortar supply element 41 is provided with a stopping mechanism 115 for stopping the vertical joints 69. This consists of nozzles 116 and 117 which can inject mortar in the vertical joints 69 on either side. The mortar supply element 41 may hereby be provided with drive means 118 which drive the mortar tray 43, as well as drive means 119 which move the stopping mechanism 115 according to an intermittent movement with regard to the mortar tray 43, such that the stopping mechanism 115 remains at the height of each vertical joint 69 for a certain time, whereas the mortar tray 43 moves permanently. Thus is avoided that the mortar tray 43, which has a large inertia, needs to be accelerated up and decelerated. As represented in figure 12, at least one, and preferably two worm-shaped elements 120 which are driven in a rotating manner are provided at the bottom of the mortar tray 43 in order to mix the mortar and press it out of the mortar tray 43, on the one hand via a groove 121 so as to form an edge joint 23, and on the other hand via pipes 122 to the nozzles 116 and 117. The elements 120 in the example shown each consist of a mixing part 123 and a part 124 which is formed of an Archimedean screw. The drive is carried out by means of a motor 125. Further, the device may be provided with means 126 for the supply of additives to the mortar, such as hardening accelerator, a means for the formation of gas bubbles, insulation means, and such like. The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described by way of example and shown in the accompanying drawings; on the contrary, such a method for the erection of buildings, the above-mentioned installation and the bricklaying device used hereby, can be made according to various variants while still remaining within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims: Installation (10) for manufacturing prefabricated elements made of brickwork, said installation comprising at least one device (11) for the formation of the brickwork, whereby this device (11) comprises support means (12) upon which the elements (1) can be built, a building unit (13) for supplying the brickwork and means (14) which make it possible to adjust the support means (12) and the building unit (13) in height in relation to one another, characterized in that said device further comprises means allowing that during construction the bricks are put down on the already constructed part of said element (1) by means of a longitudinal movement along this element (1). Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the support means (12) mainly consist of a horizontal lifting beam (15) which can be moved up and down by means of a drive (18) and in that the building unit (13) is situated at a fixed height. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means which allow for a longitudinal movement along the element (1) to be fabricated mainly consist of a trolley (29) and in that the building unit (13) mainly consists of a work platform (28) which is mounted on the trolley (29). Installation according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it is provided with at least one mortar supply element (41), consisting of a mortar tray (43) which can be moved over the rows of bricks (22) of the brickwork and at least provides for an edge joint (23). Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the mortar supply element (41) contains a stopping mechanism (115) for the vertical joints (69). Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the stopping mechanism (115) for the vertical joints (69) mainly consists of nozzles (116, 117) which can inject mortar on either side. Installation according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the mortar supply element (41) contains drive means (118) which drive the mortar tray (43), as well as drive means (119) which move the stopping mechanism (115) according to an intermittent movement with regard to the mortar tray (43), such that the stopping mechanism (115) remains at the height of each vertical joint (69) for a certain time, whereas the mortar tray (43) moves permanently. Installation according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that at least one worm-shaped element (120) which is driven in a rotating manner is provided at the bottom of the mortar tray (43) in order to mix the mortar and press it out of mortar tray (43). Installation according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is provided with means which allow for the supply of bricks (22) to any place along the element (1) to be fabricated. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the above-mentioned means for the supply of bricks (22) at least consist of a lifting means (53, 91) to put batches of bricks (54) on the building unit (13). Installation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it is provided with a cellar (92) via which the building materials are supplied. Installation according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it contains several of the above-mentioned devices (11) situated next to one another and in that it contains means for the supply of bricks (22) which mainly consist of a central supply mechanism (90) which extends diagonally under the places where the above-mentioned elements (1) are built, lifting means (91) and transport means provided on both ends of the devices (11) which make it possible to supply the bricks (22) from the central supply mechanism (90) to the lifting means (91) and from the lifting means (91), in their raised position, to the building unit (13). Installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the central supply mechanism (90) mainly consists of a trolley (93); in that the lifting means (91) consist of lifts which are situated on either end of either of the devices (11); and in that the transport means consist of roller tracks (96, 98, 99, 100, 101) or such like extending lengthwise. Installation according to any of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the means for the supply of the bricks (22) are designed to transport batches of bricks (54) placed on pallets (95) and in that the installation (10) is provided with conveyor means for empty pallets (95), consisting of platforms (102, 103, 104) on the lifting means (91), the transport means and the central supply mechanism (90) respectively. Installation according to any of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it is provided with supply means (105) for accessories, such as beams (5), whereby these supply means (105) at least consist of a platform (106) which can be rolled crosswise, and which can also be moved upward to beneath the building unit (13). Installation according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the support means (12) provide for a lifting beam (15) or such which can be moved over a roller track. Installation according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the device (11) for bricklaying is provided with a measuring rod (50) and/or a jointing rule (51). Installation according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it is made two-sided, in other words, an element (1) can be built on either side of the building unit (13). Method for the erection of buildings, consisting in the formation of prefabricated elements (1) and the subsequent assembly of these elements (1), characterized in that the prefabricated elements (1) are made of brickwork, on an installation as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 18. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that it provides for a semi-automatic manufacture of the elements (1), whereby the brick (22) laying is done manually, but the supply of mortar and the setting in height of the building unit (13) are done in a mechanical and/or automatic way. Method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the brickwork is made by alternately putting rows of bricks (22) and layers of mortar (48) on top of one another, whereby the vertical joints (69) are always stopped while the next edge joint (23) is being applied. Method according to any of the above claims, characterized in that the elements (1) are provided with crosscut ends (9) which make it possible to link several elements (1) in bond. Method according to any of the above claims, characterized in that during the manufacturing of the elements (1) openings (4) are provided for the windows and doors, as well as grooves (6) for the application of installation elements.

Inventors: JACOBS JACOBUS, JACOBS, JACOBUS
Applicants: JACOBS JACOBUS, JACOBS, JACOBUS
Application year: 1994
Main classification: E04C2
IPC codes: E04C2