Machine to sharpen bars to a point

Abstract: Machine to sharpen bars to a point, especially bars to be drawn, which comprises at least one sharpening assembly and at least one assembly for displacement of the bar in relation to the sharpening assembly, the sharpening assembly (31) consisting of two counterpart rolls (11) each of which contains on the plane of positioning of the bar a groove (24) including at least two sections of reduction, means (14-15) being comprised for the circumferential positioning of the rolls (11) at the desired section of reduction, there also being included at least one rolling assembly (27a) upstream of the sharpening assembly (31) and at least one rolling assembly (27b) downstream of the sharpening assembly (31), such rolling assemblies (27) operating on the bar on a plane substantially at a right angle to the plane of reduction.

Description: This invention concerns a machine to sharpen bars to a point, as set forth in the precharacterising portion of the main claim. To be more exact, the machine to sharpen bars according to the invention is suitable to reduce the cross-section of the leading end segment of bars. Where the sharpening machine is employed in cooperation with a drawing machine, the sharpening of the leading end segment of bars is necessary to enable the bars to pass through the drawing die and to be attached to the drawing trolley of the drawing machine. The machine can also be used whenever it is necessary to prepare solid or hollow bars with a leading end segment of a reduced section. The invention is applied to bars having a round, square, polygonal, etc. cross-section. The invention is also applied to the fields of hot drawing and cold drawing. The state of the art covers various systems to provide on a bar a leading end segment which is compatible with the size of the drawing die so as to enable the bar to pass through the die and be coupled to the drawing trolley of the drawing machine. In a first solution of the problem the state of the art arranges to pre-draw the bar by thrusting it against the die. In this way the leading segment of the bar is obtained by the die itself. This system is restricted to certain dimensions of the cross-section of the bar by obvious insoluble problems of combined bending and compressive stresses and can be employed only with some materials inasmuch as a swollen mass often forms upstream of the drawing die while the bar is being thrust against the die. A variant of this method disclosed, for instance, in FR-A-942.599 and DE-B2.758.137 provides for an initial pre-drawing and a subsequent drawing by reverse drawing by using the drawing die, but this variant too entails the same problems as those cited above. A further disclosure of the state of the art arranges to weld to the leading end of the bar a stub suitable to cooperate with the die, but this system is very expensive and slow and entails undesirable structural changes of the metal. Another method used is to roll the leading end of the bar by using specially shaped and cut rolls and by making the bar move forward and rotate about its axis at the same time. But this system too is slow, requires a constant control by the machine operator and involves problems of the homogeneity of the finished product . A further method arranges to remove a shaving from the leading end segment of the bar, but here there are obvious problems linked to the waste, the possibility of tearing,the quality of the leading end segment, wear, etc. The present applicants have designed, tested and embodied this invention so as to provide a system to sharpen to a point the leading end segment of the bar, the system being capable of overcoming the problems encountered in the state of the art and of achieving further advantages which are made clear in the description that follows. This invention is set forth and characterised in the main claim, while the dependent claims describe variants of the idea of the main embodiment. The purpose of the invention is to provide a sharpening machine in which the insertion and initial positioning of the bar are made very easy. Another purpose is to perform the operation of sharpening to a point by drawing the bar and not by thrusting it. Yet another purpose is to provide a machine which enables the sharpening section to be made variable with simple methods which can be carried out in very short times. A further purpose is to perform the sharpening to a point mechanically with methods which make possible a substantially perfect cross-section. The machine to sharpen bars to a point according to the invention includes a pair of rolls positioned as counterparts and circumferentially tangent, their axes being parallel. At least one of the rolls includes means to position and to thrust that roll radially in relation to the other roll of the pair; this radial thrust has the purpose of eliminating the play which becomes created during working between one roll and the other roll, especially in the zones of the rolls not affected by the action on the bar. The two rolls have a circumferential development equipped with reciprocally mating grooves having a progressively increasing depth and section. According to the invention the grooves include a plurality of connected steps having a constant depth and section, each step corresponding to a working position. This embodiment makes possible on each roll the definition of an interval of the groove corresponding to a given constant reduction of section of the bar. According to a variant the depth and section of the groove vary continuously and constantly between a maximum value and a minimum value which determine the range of use of the sharpening machine according to the invention. The reduction of section in each pass of the bar between the sharpening rolls depends on the type of material constituting the bar, that is to say, its specific strength and quality. Where there is a continuous variation of the depth of the groove; this variation can be expressed with a plurality of desired values such as millimetres or percentages of reduction so as to pre-set the value of the reduction of section to be achieved with the sharpening operation. In this connection the rolls may include setting means, which determine the circumferential position of the rolls and thus position the groove on the basis of the reduction of section desired. According to the invention one roll of the pair of rolls is powered by a motor, whereas the other roll, advantageously the radially positionable roll, is a driven roll. The motor associated with the setting means is actuated in the initial step to bring the rolls to the position of introduction of bars, for instance with the grooves of the rolls in the position of maximum depth and section, and is also actuated in the sharpening step so as to rotate the rolls until the reduction of section set by the setting means has been achieved. This setting can be done by hand or be managed electronically by means of an encoder. The rolls comprise coordinated gearwheels on their axes so that the rotation imparted to the powered roll is transmitted equally but in the opposite direction to the driven roll. According to the invention the rolls cooperate with a drawing assembly including gripper means, which lie on the same plane as the plane containing a line at a tangent to and between the two rolls. The gripper means are associated with means that determine the width of clamping of the gripper means, these further means being capable of being adjusted according to the dimension of the bar being processed; the gripper means can be anchored and can retain the bar during the drawing step. The gripper means are associated with drawing means, which draw the bar when the sharpening rolls have been positioned with the desired setting and when the gripper means are in the position of retaining the bar. According to a variant the sharpening assembly is associated both upstream and downstream with at least one rolling assembly consisting of at least one pair of rolling rolls arranged with their axis at a right angle to the axis of the sharpening rolls. In particular, the rolling assembly located upstream of the sharpening rolls has the task of readying the bar for the sharpening operation, whereas the rolling assembly located downstream has the purpose of finishing the sharpened and pointed end segment of the bar so as to remove, for instance, any burrs resulting from the sharpening operation. According to another variant a plurality of rolling mill stands, advantageously four or more, are included at least upstream of the sharpening assembly and are arranged with their axes rotated in relation to each other. Each of these rolling mill stands carries out a pre-buckling of the bar on the relative circumferential zones of the same, thus readying the bar for the subsequent sharpening to a point. The attached figures are given as a non-restrictive example and show a preferred embodiment of the invention as follows:- Fig.1 is a three-dimensional view of the sharpening machine according to the invention; Figs.2a and 2b show the circumferential development of the sharpening rolls with a progressive groove, in steps and continuous respectively; Fig.3 shows the half-sections produced on the bar being processed, these half-sections corresponding to the positions of the grooves of Figs.2; Fig.4 is a diagram of the method of working of the sharpening machine of Fig.1; Fig.5 shows a section of one of the rolling mill stands cooperating with the sharpening assembly according to the invention A sharpening machine 10 to sharpen bars to a point is shown in Fig.1 and consists essentially of a sharpening assembly 31 and a drawing assembly 32. In this example the sharpening assembly 31 comprises a pair of circumferentially tangent rolls 11a, b with their axes 12 parallel to each other and at a right angle to, and equidistant from, the axis of feed 13 of the bar being processed. The axis of feed 13 of the bar passes through the point where the rolls 11a, b are tangent. In this example the roll 11a is powered and is associated with a motor 14 cooperating with a speed reduction unit 15 associated with a drive shaft 16. The powered roll 11a includes on its axis a powered gearwheel 17 associated and cooperating with a driven gearwheel 18 associated axially with the driven roll 11b. The powered 17 and driven 18 gearwheels transmit the rotation, imparted by the motor 14 to the powered roll 11a, in the same way and in the opposite direction to the driven roll 11b. The driven roll 11b is associated with means that eliminate the play between the powered roll 11a and the driven roll 11b. In this case these play-elimination means consist of guiding slide blocks 19a, b, an upper slide block 19a and a lower slide block 19b respectively, which are associated with respective actuator pistons 20a, b, an upper piston 20a and a lower piston 20b. These guiding slide blocks 19a, b can move on a plane substantially at a right angle to the axes 12 of the rolls 11a, b. The pistons 20a, b are fitted to a base 21 provided with channels 22 for the intake and feed of oil under pressure supplied through a conduit 23. The rolls 11 are shaped with a circumferential development containing a groove 24 having a progressively increasing depth and section; the grooves 24 are machined opposite to each other on the two rolls 11a, b. The maximum depth of the grooves 24 determines the maximum dimension of the bar which can be processed by the sharpening assembly 31. The minimum depth of the grooves 24 determines the minimum dimension of the section which can be produced on the point of the bar. According to a first embodiment of the invention (Fig.2a) the depth and section of the grooves 24 vary progressively in connected steps, each step corresponding to a working position determining a specific reduction of section. According to a variant (Fig.2b) the depth and section of the grooves 24 vary continuously in a constant and progressive manner. The progressive reduction of the depth of the grooves 24 determines progressively decreasing values of the half-section of sharpening of the bar; these values can be separated in a desired plurality of values. In the case of the sharpening of cylindrical products to a point, as in the example shown, the half-sections have the form of semi-circular continuous hollows 26 of a dimension coordinated with the position of the groove 24, as shown in Fig.3. The powered roll 11a includes selector setting means 25, which are associated with the motor 14, to determine the position of the sharpening rolls 11a, b according to the desired reduction of section. These selector setting means 25 determine during processing the value of the reduction of section of the leading end segment of the bar to be sharpened according to the requirements and necessities imposed, for instance, by the size of the drawing die. In this case there are included, upstream and downstream of the sharpening assembly 31, rolling assemblies 27a, b, namely at least one upstream rolling assembly 27a and one downstream rolling assembly 27b, which work on the bar to improve the final quality of the sharpening process. According to the embodiment of Fig.1 the rolling assembly 27a upstream of the sharpening assembly 31 includes four rolling mill stands 127. In this case the rolling mill stands 127 are divided into a first upstream pair of stands 127a and a second upstream pair of stands 127b positioned immediately upstream of the sharpening assembly 31. The first upstream pair of stands 127a has the axes of its rolling mill stands 127 positioned at 45° and 135° respectively to the plane of feed of the bar, whereas the second upstream pair of stands 127b has the axes of its rolling mill stands 127 positioned at a right angle and parallel respectively to the plane of feed of the bar. This lay-out provides an action of pre-buckling of the bar on a plurality of circumferentially separated zones of the bar. A section of the structure of each of these rolling mill stands 127 is shown in Fig.5. Each stand 127 consists of a tubular bearing frame 34, within which is located a pair of rolling rolls 35, which are idler rolls and are supported on small shafts 38 borne on spherical joints 36. The reciprocal approach of the rolling rolls 35 to apply pressure to the bar passing through is carried out by displacement of jackets 37; this displacement is caused by the delivery of fluid under pressure through intake conduits 39. The rolling mill stand 127 also includes shock absorber means 41 and at least one discharge outlet 40 for scale and other dirt produced by the action of the rolling rolls 35 on the bar. The drawing assembly 32 is substantially of a known type and includes an engagement gripper 28 associated with a movable wedge-shaped means 29 which adjusts the width of the gripper 28. The engagement gripper 28 can be associated with hydraulic cylinder means, which are not shown here, in relation to the movable wedge-shaped means 29. The engagement gripper 28 is associated at its rear at a point 33 of constraint with a drawing cylinder/piston actuator 30. When the rolls 11a, b of the sharpening assembly 31 have been positioned circumferentially with the respective grooves 24 mating at the position coinciding with the position of introduction of the bar, the bar is inserted with the segment of bar to be sharpened coinciding with the zone where the rolls 11a, b touch each other. The position of insertion of the bar may coincide with the position of maximum depth and section of the grooves 24 or, in any event, with a value of depth greater enough than the nominal diameter of the bar being processed to avoid problems during insertion of the bar. The engagement gripper 28 is then closed on the bar and the rolls 11 are re-positioned by the motor 14 at a position of contact, which generally does not coincide with the position of insertion of the bar. The drawing cylinder/piston actuator 30 now begins its drawing action and, by moving downstream, draws the bar with it, while the sharpening rolls 11 are rotated to bring the grooves 24 to the position pre-set by the setting of the selector 25 until the desired reduction of section has been achieved. If necessary, a plurality of travels of the bar can be carried out by taking the bar back to its initial position.

Claims: Sharpening machine to sharpen bars to a point, especially bars to be drawn, which comprises at least one sharpening assembly and at least one assembly for displacement of the bar in relation to the sharpening assembly, the machine being characterised in that the sharpening assembly (31) consists of two counterpart rolls (11a, b) each of which contains on the plane of positioning of the bar a groove (24) including at least two sections of reduction, means (14-15) being comprised for the circumferential positioning of the rolls (11) at the desired section of reduction, there also being included at least one rolling assembly (27a) upstream of the sharpening assembly (31) and at least one rolling assembly (27b) downstream of the sharpening assembly (31), such rolling assemblies (27a, b) operating on the bar on a plane substantially at a right angle to the plane of reduction. Sharpening machine as in Claim 1, in which the groove (24) has a section which can be varied in progressive connected steps. Sharpening machine as in Claim 1, in which the groove (24) has a section which can be varied in a progressively constant and continuous manner. Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which.one (11a) of the counterpart rolls is associated with means (14-15) that perform the circumferential positioning, whereas the other counterpart roll (11b) is associated with the first counterpart roll (11a) by means of coaxial gearwheels (17-18). Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which. the powered counterpart roll (11a) cooperates with a selector (25) of circumferential positioning, the selector (25) being associated with the motor (14) of the circumferential positioning means. Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which.at least the driven counterpart roll (11b) can be positioned radially in relation to the powered counterpart roll (11a). Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which.the driven counterpart roll (11b) is associated with slide block means (19a, b) cooperating with piston means (20a, b) which can move on a plane at a right angle to the axis (12) of the rolls (11). Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which the upstream rolling assembly (27a) carries out a pre-buckling action on the bar. Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which the downstream rolling assembly (27b) levels any burrs. Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which the upstream rolling assembly (27a) comprises a plurality of rolling mill stands (127) arranged with their axes offset from each other so as to carry out a pre-buckling action on the bar at several circumferential zones on the bar. Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which the rolling mill stands (127) upstream of the sharpening assembly (31) are at least four in number. Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which the means performing displacement of the bar in relation to the sharpening assembly (31) comprise a drawing assembly (32), which includes engagement gripper means (28) associated with means (29) that adjust the width of clamping of the gripper means (28), the drawing assembly (32) including sliders and cylinder/piston drawing means (30). Sharpening machine as in any claim hereinbefore, in which the drawing assembly (32) is positioned downstream of the sharpening assembly (31).

Inventors: DI GIUSTO BRUNO, DI GIUSTO, BRUNO
Applicants: DANIELI OFF MECC, DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE S.P.A.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B21C5
IPC codes: B21C5