Lighting system

Abstract: This invention relates to a festoon lamp holder, and to a lighting system incorporating such a lamp holder. The lamp holder (1) comprises a moulded base (2) and cap (3), and forms a pressure-tight seal with the supply cable (8), and a water-tight seal with a removably attached globe (17). Between the cap and base, lugs (9) with detents (10) engage within a groove (11), and through a camming action on a tapered section (15) of a post (13), engage permanently with a retaining means (16), thereby locking the detents within the groove. Probes (4) between the cap and base pierce the cable, which may be used to support the lamp holder in a festoon lighting system. The lamp (6) may be a low voltage halogen lamp and may also be formed as a festoon bulb (23) held perpendicular to the lamp holder by hooked wires (27,28).

Description: Field of the Invention This invention relates to a combination of a lamp and a lamp holder therefor. Background to the Invention Certain types of long-life low voltage lamps are presented as a festoon lamp having a generally cylindrical envelope with an electrical connection at each end. The electrical connection consists, in one form of lamp, in a wire loop extending from each end of the quartz or glass envelope. Such lamps are intended to fit into low profile reflector holders having a sprung connector at one or both ends which bears against the wire loop to make the electrical contact, the lamp being held lengthways in line with the base. It is desirable to be able to use such lamps in low voltage lighting systems in accordance with the invention, since they would reduce still further the maintenance required. However, it is necessary for the light to be emitted in all directions, rather than simply through substantially 2π radians as occurs in a flat reflector light with which such lamps are normally associated. The invention provides a lamp holder which permits such lamps to be held perpendicular to the base. allowing light to be radiated through substantially 4π radians. Our European Patent EP-B-0 422 117 discloses a lamp holder which is arranged to be secured to a cable in such a manner as to be a permanent fitting and to give a pressure-tight seal to the cap enclosing the connection to the cable. The lamp holder is thus resistant to tampering and vandalism, and has a very long service life, because the problems arising from corrosion due to moisture ingress do not arise. The lamp holder comprises a base and a cap. the base having a pair of part-circular lugs upstanding therefrom with outwardly facing detents which engage with a continuous groove around the inner surface of the cap. The locking or retaining surfaces of the groove and the detent extend in a plane normal to the axis of symmetry of the cap, so that there is no tendency for the surfaces to cam apart if an attempt is made to prise the cap from the base. This ensures permanency in the fitting of the cap to the base, but it makes the manufacture of the caps difficult, because conventional plastics moulding techniques do not readily permit the formation in such a confined space of the retaining surface which is normal to the direction of withdrawal of an internal moulding tool. Thus, it has been necessary to machine the recess into the inner surface of the cap after moulding, and this adds significantly to the cost of manufacture. To permit the groove to be formed during moulding of the cap. the surface of the groove engaged by the detents is preferably oblique to the axis of symmetry of the cap, for example at 45°, with the corresponding surface of the detent being similarly angled. However, while the cap is still difficult to remove from the base when the components are formed in this way, it has been found that removal is possible. for example by levering the cap off with a screwdriver. Preferred embodiments of the present invention seek to provide an arrangement in which a wholly moulded cap can still be permanently locked on to the base. Summary of the Invention The invention provides, in combination, a lamp and a lamp holder therefor, the lamp holder comprising a base and two electrical contacts for forming a connection with the lamp, and the lamp comprising an envelope around an electrical filament with two wire connectors therefrom each passing through the envelope to form a connection with the contacts, characterised in that each wire connector forms a loop protruding through the envelope at opposite ends thereof, and each electrical contact comprises a wire with a hook at its free end formed to engage one of the two loops, a shorter one of the wires engaging the nearer end of the lamp, and a larger spring wire engaging the far end of the lamp in a manner that involves a spring tension in the spring wire, so retaining each hook within its respective loop. Preferably, the lamp holder comprises a base having electrical contacts for a lamp on one side thereof connected to a pair of upstanding probes on the other side thereof, the base also having a plurality of lugs upstanding therefrom with outwardly projecting detents engageable in an internal groove in a substantially non-deformable cap, the cap having therein retaining means engageable with the lugs when the cap is fitted on to the base to prevent inward deflection of the lugs when the cap is fully engaged on the base, thereby ensuring that the cap is permanently secured to the base. The probes may preferably be located in a channel extending across the base and arranged to receive a cable therein. The base and cap may preferably be circular in plan for which the base may comprise a pair of part circular lugs, each with a detent, and with the retaining means suitably formed as a plurality of segments of a circle, preferably cruciform in plan, rather than a solid element. Preferably, the cap and the base co-operate to form a pressure-tight seal therebetween, sufficient to resist the excess pressure within the cap due to changes in temperature during use of the lamp. The invention also provides a festoon lighting system comprising a plurality of lamp holders attached to and spaced apart along an insulated electrical supply cable, each of the lamp holders being in accordance with the invention. Brief Description of the Drawings In the drawings, which illustrate lamp holders according to exemplary embodiments of the invention: Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation of a lamp holder according to the invention, but with a conventional lamp mounted therein; Figure 2 is a part sectional elevation of the lamp holder of Figure 1, but showing the mounting of the lamp in accordance with the invention; and Figure 3 is a part sectional elevation of the lamp holder shown in Figure 2, before installation of the lamp and the covering globe. Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiment Referring to Figure 1, the illustrated lamp holder 1 is for use in low voltage festoon lighting, for example of the type disclosed in EP-B-0 422 117, and comprises a base 2 of circular plan to which is permanently fitted a cap 3. The base has a pair of contact pins 4 extending therethrough and providing tubular contacts 5 for a conventional low voltage tungsten halogen lamp 6 whose contact leads 7 are crimped to engage and hold in the tubular contacts 5. Although a conventional lamp is shown, the invention is covered with the spring mounting of the lamp as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. The contact pins pierce the synthetic rubber insulation of a trapezoidal section cable 8 to make electrical contact with the cores therein, the cable locating into and passing through corresponding trapezoidal recesses or channels 31 on each side of the base 2, as described in EP-B-0 422 117. The base 2 has a pair of part-circular lugs 9 upstanding therefrom, the lugs each having an external detent 10 which engages in a corresponding recess or groove 11 formed around the internal surface of the side wall 12 of the cap 3. The cap is substantially non-deformable, so fitting of the cap to the base involves the inward deflection of the lugs 9 by a camming action as the cap is pressed down on to the base. This is achieved by means of a hand-operated toggle press, since the force required is substantially greater than can be exerted by hand alone. The cap 3 has a post 13 therein extending downwardly from the top internal surface 14 of the cap. The post 13 serves to press the cable 8 firmly on to the pins 4 to ensure that electrical contact is achieved and maintained. The post 13 has tapered or conical sections 15, which apply an outward camming action on the lugs 9, leading to short cylindrical segments 16, which form the retaining means, of a diameter such as to be an interference fit within the lugs 9, ensuring that they cannot move inwardly when the cap has been fitted. The length downwardly of the cylindrical portion 16 is such as to permit it just to engage the lugs when the cap has been fitted, but not so long as to prevent the lugs from engaging fully in the groove 11. This configuration ensures that the cap becomes permanently locked on to the base and cannot therefore be removed to permit access to the electrical connections within it. The base 2 and cap 3 of the lamp holder 1 are locked in place by the virtue of the fact that the flexible lugs 9 are entirely contained within the structure, with the substantially non-deformable cap 3 forming an external barrier. The use of the retaining means 14 advantageously permits a greater latitude in design. For example, the lamp holder may be square or rectangular viewed in a plane through the cable, with separate lug sections along each side. In, addition, the cross sectional structure of the lamp holder may be reversed, with the cap containing the lugs 9, and the base, through which the pins pass, containing the substantially non-deformable groove 11. It is also to be appreciated that the use of the retaining means may allow the channel 31 for the cable 8 to be in the component containing the groove 11. This design option requires longer lugs 9, so as to keep the groove unbroken by the channel, and so substantially non-deformable. Longer lugs 9 have greater flexibility, but the use of the retaining means 14 will keep the lugs 9 locked in place. Therefore, it is to be appreciated that the embodiments of the invention are not limited to the arrangement of Figure 1, groove in cap and channel in base, but encompass also the other three possibilities: groove in cap and channel in cap; groove in base and channel in cap; and groove in base and channel in base. Similarly, although it is preferable to have the channel substantially in one portion in order to use a flat unbroken gasket, the channel may be divided between the cap and base. The globe 17 covering the lamp 6 is formed of transparent plastics material with a neck portion 18 having a circumferential channel 19 into which two rubber O-rings 20 can be fitted. The neck portion 18 can then be pushed into a socket 21 formed in the lower part of the base 2, with the O-rings in sealing contact with the inner surface of a downwardly depending skirt portion 22 of the base, which defines the socket 21. The skirt 22 is thicker near to its free end to assist in retaining the globe and the circumferential channel is similarly tapered to be parallel to the skirt. The lamp is thus contained in a pressure-tight enclosure, ensuring that it is fully protected from atmospheric moisture. Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, the lamp is a low voltage xenon-filled bulb or lamp 23 having a generally cylindrical envelope 24 flattened at each end to form a seal around a wire loop 25 in each end of the lead for the electrical filament 26 of the lamp 23. The lamp is connected to the tubular contact 5 of the lamp holder as follows. The first tubular contact 5a is shortened in length relative to the other contact 5b and a short wire hook 27 is held therein by means of crimping. The other tubular contact 5b is bent slightly away from the first and has a long spring wire 28 similarly secured therein. In its relaxed state, as shown in Figure 3, the long wire 28 is generally straight. To fit the lamp 23, one of the loops 25 is engaged with the hook 27 while the wire 28 is bent over so that the hook at its free end can engage the loop 25 at the other end of the lamp. In this position, the wire 28 acts as a spring tending to pull the lamp outwardly relative to the first hook 27, thus ensuring that the lamp is held firmly in contact with the electrical contacts, the springiness of the wire 28 helping to protect the bulb against any shock. The wire 28 is suitably formed from hard stainless steel, but may also be formed of materials such as phosphor-bronze or even titanium. Figures 2 and 3 also illustrate another feature of this embodiment of the invention. Although the globe in normally held firmly in place by friction between the rubber O-rings 20 and the inside of the skirt portion 22, it is sometimes possible for vandals to pull the globes off and to damage the lamp. To guard against this possibility, where the lamp holder is installed within the reach of the ground, diametrically-opposed threaded screw holes 29 are formed through the lower part of the skirt, and small retaining screws 30 are fixed into these to provide stops for the circumferential channel 19 on the neck portion 18 of the globe 17. As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the holes 29 are positioned at right angles to the direction of the cable 8, for convenience of illustration. However, in practice it will be desirable to place the screw holes 29 and the screws 30 in line with the cable so that they are less readily seen.

Claims: In combination, a lamp and a lamp holder therefor, the lamp holder (1) comprising a base (2) and two electrical contacts (5a, 5b) for forming a connection with the lamp, and the lamp (23) comprising an envelope (24) around an electrical filament (26) with two wire connectors (25) therefrom each passing through the envelope to form a connection with the contacts (5a, 5b), characterised in that each wire connector forms a loop (25) protruding through the envelope at opposite ends thereof, and each electrical contact (5a, 5b) comprises a wire with a hook (27, 28) at its free end formed to engage one of the two loops, a shorter one of the wires (27) engaging the nearer end of the lamp, and a longer spring wire (28) engaging the far end of the lamp in a manner that induces a spring tension in the spring wire, so retaining each hook within its respective loop. A combination according to Claim 1, wherein the spring wire (28) is formed from stainless steel, phosphor-bronze, titanium, or an alloy of titanium. A combination according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the base comprises a base portion (2) and a cap portion (3), a first of the portions having a plurality of lugs (9) upstanding therefrom with detents (10) engageable in an internal groove (11) in a substantially non-deformable second portion, and the base has a lamp socket (21) electrically connected to upstanding electrical probes (4) in use contained within a channel (31) between the two engaged portions and extending thereacross to receive therethrough an insulated electrical supply cable (8), whereby as the second portion is engaged with the first portion, the cap is arranged to press down on the cable to force the probes through the cable insulation to make contact with the cable conductors, and camming means (15) in the second portion is arranged to apply a camming action to the lugs and engage the lugs with retaining means (16), thereby preventing inward deflection of the lugs and ensuring that the two portions are permanently secured to each other. A combination according to Claim 3, wherein the camming means is angled at about 45° to the axis of the lug to which it applies the camming action. A combination according to Claim 3 or 4, wherein the retaining means is arranged just to engage the lugs when the base and cap are engaged. A combination according to any of Claims 3 to 5, wherein the first portion is the base, and the second portion is the cap. A combination according to any of Claims 3 to 6, wherein the channel is substantially in the base portion. A combination according to any of Claims 3 to 7, wherein the cap and base are substantially circular in plan. A combination according to any of Claims 3 to 8, wherein a pressure-tight seal is formed between the base, cap and electrical cable. A combination according to any of Claims 3 to 9, wherein the base is shaped to receive a lamp globe (17) with one or more seals (20) to form a watertight seal between the globe and the base. A combination according to Claim 10, wherein the base comprises a socket (21) with a tapered skirt (22) to retain the globe within the socket, and the skirt has at least one retaining screw (30) to lock the globe to the base. A festoon lighting system having a plurality of the lamp holders (1) and associated lamps (2) as defined in any of the preceding claims, attached to and separated along an insulated electrical power supply cable (8).

Inventors: MYSON ROBERT ERNEST, MYSON, ROBERT ERNEST
Applicants: LUMINAIRE DEV LTD, LUMINAIRE DEVELOPMENTS LIMITED
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H01R25
IPC codes: H01R33, F21S8, F21V19, F21V21, F21V17, H01R25, H01R4