METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR TEMPERATURE-INDEPENDENT MOUNTING IN A BEARING

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a bearing arrangement for temperature-independent mounting of a shaft (1) in a bearing (5), in which bearing arrangement the shaft is made of a material, preferably light metal, for example aluminium or magnesium, which has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the bearing, preferably steel. Known constructions of the above-mentioned type have the disavantage that they are temperature-sensitive, which results in play or increased friction beyond the narrow temperature range for which the bearing arrangement is designed. In order to obtain an essentially temperature-independent mounting, the shaft is provided, according to the invention, with an outer shell (3, 4) having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the bearing (5). A suitable material for the outer shell (3, 4) can be carbon fibre reinforced epoxy.

Description: Method and arrangement for temperature-independent mounting in a bearing The present invention relates to a method for obtaining temperature-independent mounting of a shaft made of a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion in a bearing which interacts with the shaft and which is made of a second material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion. The invention also relates to a bearing arrangement comprising a shaft made of a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and a bearing which interacts with the shaft and which is made of a second material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion. In respect of the method and the bearing arrangement, the first coefficient of thermal expansion is of a higher value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion. Such bearing arrangements exist where, for example, there is a requirement for the construction to have a low weight. Shafts forming part of such a bearing arrangement can in this case be made of light metal, such as aluminium or magnesium, while the bearings are made of steel. As long as these bearing arrangements are used within limited temperature ranges, they can be given the desired properties in respect of freedom from play and low friction. However, if the bearing arrangements are to be used within very wide temperature ranges, for example -30° to +60°, then problems are apt to arise on account of the considerable differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the material of the shafts and bearings. The bearing combination which at room temperature functions entirely in accordance with the requirements set down will, within the upper temperature range, generally be subject to excessively high friction, with the shaft being clamped harder, while the same bearing combination will, within the lower temperature range, have too much play because the shaft has shrunk more than the bearing. In high-precision servo systems, for example, freedom from play and low friction are required in all the bearings occurring therein. Bearing arrangements in accordance with the above which have been exposed to considerable temperature variations do not satisfy the set requirements within the whole temperature range. The object of the invention is to obtain a bearing arrangement of low weight which satisfies the set requirements in respect of freedom from play and low friction within a wide temperature range. The object of the invention is achieved by means of a method for obtaining temperature-independent mounting in a bearing, which is characterized by arranging, on the shaft made of the first material having the first, higher, coefficient of thermal expansion, an outer shell which surrounds at least the greater part of the circu - ferential surface and is made of a third material having a third coefficient of thermal expansion which is of a lower value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the bearing, and a bearing arrangement characterized in that the shaft made of the first material having the first, higher, coefficient of thermal expansion is provided with an outer shell which surrounds at least the greater part of the circumferential surface and is made of a third material having a third coeffi¬ cient of thermal expansion which is of a lower value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the bearing. By combining two materials, where one material has a higher and the second material a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the bearing material, light * weight shafts can thus be obtained which have essentially the same thermal expansion as the bearing material. The material which has the greatest material movements is reinforced with an outer layer limiting these to the desired value. The bearing arrangement can therefore be used within a very wide temperature range. In this connection it is worth noting that it is already known per βe to compensate for different coefficients of thermal expansion in two interacting elements by intro¬ ducing a third, intermediate, element having another coefficient of thermal expansion. According to the patent specification US 5,028,152, for example, it is known to compensate, in the axial direction, for the lower thermal expansion of a steel shaft relative to a light metal casing by introducing an element with high thermal expansion acting in the axial direction between shaft and casing. The patent specification DE 2,427,688 shows another example in which there has been inserted, between a light metal casing and the outer ferrite ring of a bearing, an element having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is approximately midway between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the casing and the outer ring of the bearing. However, neither of the two documents cited concerns the mounting of light metal shafts in a bearing and the special mounting problems which arise from the interaction between light metal shafts having relatively high coefficients of thermal expansion and bearings, preferably made of steel, having relatively low coefficients of thermal expansion. A suitable material for the shafts is aluminium or magnesium with an outer shell of carbon fibre. The bearings are expediently made of steel. The carbon fibre, which determines the thermal expansion of the outer shell, has a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 0 E-6K" 1 . For aluminium, the same coefficient is approximately 24 E-6K" 1 , while the coefficient of thermal expansion of the bearing material can be set at approximately 12 E-6K" 1 . By choosing aluminium and carbon fibre as material for the input shafts and steel as the bearing material, it is possible to obtain bearing arrangements having essentially the same thermal expansion in the light metal shaft, wound with carbon fibre, as in the bearing. According to an advantageous embodiment of the bearing arrangement, the outer shell made of a third material. carbon fibre, is applied by being wound essentially tangentially at 90° relative to the longitudinal direction of the shaft. Winding the carbon fibre in this way provides for a favourable interaction between the aluminium and the carbon fibre, and, when so required, the carbon fibre manages to resist the movements of the aluminium. According to another advantageous embodiment, the bearing arrangement is characterized in that the second material of the shaft is designed with a raised part for direct engagement with a bearing arranged in line with the raised part. Such an embodiment facilitates the mounting of the bearing, since the bearing can be placed directly on the raised part without any further working of the shaft. According to a further advantageous embodiment, a steel ring is arranged round the outer shell of the shaft of the bearing arrangement for engagement with a bearing arranged in line with the ring. As in the embodiment mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the provision of a steel ring facilitates the mounting of the bearing. The invention will be described in greater detail hereinbelow on the basis of two exemplary embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings, in which Figure 1. shows a first exemplary embodiment of a bearing arrangement according to the invention and Figure 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a bearing arrangement according to the invention. The first exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1, hereinafter referred to as type A, comprises an inner aluminium core 1, which can be tubular and is provided with a central annular raised part or bulge 2 which expediently exhibits the maximum external diameter of the complete shaft and which is surrounded on both sides by an outer shell made of a carbon fibre reinforced epoxy coating 3 and 4. The purpose of the carbon fibre reinforcement is to prevent thermal movements of the core 1 of the shaft up to certain limits, i.e. equal to the temperature movements of the bearing. The central bulge 2 allows a bearing 5, which is a ball bearing in the exemplary embodiment shown, to be applied directly against the metal of the core. The quantity of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy which is applied to the aluminium core is adapted to resist the shear stresses which are built into the boundary layers between the various parts of the aluminium core and the carbon fibre reinforced outer shell and which can occur within the temperature range for which the bearing arrangement has been designed. The carbon fibre reinforced epoxy coating is preferably wound tangentially at 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. According to the second exemplary embodiment, hereinafter referred to as type B, the whole aluminium core 6 is surrounded by a carbon fibre reinforced epoxy shell or outer shell 7. Compared with type A, the stresses are slightly smaller, and the outer layer can therefore be made slightly thinner. In order to obtain an area on which to apply a bearing 5, according to the exemplary embodiment shown, a bearing point has been provided in the form of a glued-on steel ring 8. Before the steel ring is applied, the carbon fibre reinforced epoxy shell is worked to a diameter suitable for the steel ring, and, when the steel ring has been applied, a reworking of the latter is carried out. Alternatively, the carbon fibre reinforced outer shell 7 can be ground in and the steel ring 8 in this way spared. A suitable shaft diameter range for the bearing arrangement can be 0.1 - 0.5 m. However, this does not rule out the possibility of the invention being applied to shaft diameters beyond this range. Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy hardens at 100 - 120°C. At this temperature the bearing arrangement has no in-built stresses. In order to avoid considerable stresses being built into the bearing arrangement at low temperatures, the carbon fibre can be applied in passes. Each winding pass is followed by hardening and coolxng before the next winding pass is applied. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments discussed above, and instead a great many embodiments are allowed for within the scope of the invention. For example, a thermoplastic can be used instead of epoxy.

Claims: PATENT CLAIMS 1. Method for obtaining temperature-independent mounting of a shaft made of a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion in a bearing which interacts with the shaft and which is made of a second material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion, which first coefficient of thermal expansion is of a higher value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion, characterized in that there is arranged, on the shaft made of the first material having the first, higher, coefficient of thermal expansion, an outer shell which surrounds at least the greater part of the circumferential surface and which is made of a third material having a third coefficient of thermal expansion which is of a lower value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the bearing. 2. Method according to Patent Claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell made of a third material, carbon fibre, is applied by being wound essentially tangentially at 90° relative to the longitudinal direction of the shaft. 3. Bearing arrangement comprising a shaft made of a first material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, and a bearing which interacts with the shaft and which is made of a second material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion, which first coefficient of thermal expansion is of a higher value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion, characterized in that the shaft made of the first material having the first, higher, coefficient of thermal expansion is provided with an outer shell which surrounds at least the greater part of the circumferential surface and which is made of a third material having a third coefficient of thermal expansion which is of a lower value than the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the bearing. 4. Bearing arrangement according to Patent Claim 3, characterized in that the third material is carbon fibre reinforced epoxy. 5. Bearing arrangement according to Patent Claim 4, characterized in that the carbon fibre is wound essentially tangentially at 90° relative to the longitudinal direction of the shaft. 6. Bearing arrangement according to any one of Patent Claims 3 - 5, characterized in that the first material is aluminium or magnesium. 7. Bearing arrangement according to any one of Patent Claims 3 - 6, characterized in that the second material is steel. 8. Bearing arrangement according to any one of Patent Claims 3 - 7, characterized in that the second material of the shaft is designed with a raised part for direct engagement with a bearing arranged in line with the raised part. 9. Bearing arrangement according to any one of Patent Claims 3 - 7, characterized in that a steel ring is arranged round the outer shell of the shaft for engagement with a bearing arranged in line with the ring.

Inventors: NILSSON ANDERS, OLSSON STEFAN, NILSSON, ANDERS, OLSSON, STEFAN
Applicants: BOFORS AB, NILSSON ANDERS, OLSSON STEFAN, NILSSON, ANDERS, OLSSON, STEFAN
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F16C35
IPC codes: F16C3, F16C17, F16C19, F16C35