A TWIN MASS FLYWHEEL

Abstract: A twin mass flywheel (10) for a vehicle in which two co-axially arranged flywheel masses (11, 12) are mounted for limited angular rotation relative to each other. The flywheel masses are interconnected by linkages (40) with each linkage comprising a first link (41) pivotally connected (43) to one of the flywheel masses (11), a second link (42) pivotally connected (44) to the other of the flywheel masses (12), and a pivot (45) for pivotally connecting the first and second links. The linkages are arranged to tend to move radially outwardly as the flywheel rotates to control the relative rotation of the flywheel masses. Cushioning means (54, 55) are provided at the radially outer margins of the flywheel masses which act as resilient travel end stops at the limits of relative rotation of the flywheel masses.

Description: A TWIN MASS FLYWHEEL The present invention relates to a twin mass flywheel arrangement for absorbing or compensating for torsionai vibrations such as can arise in a vehicle transmission assembly. More particularly, the invention relates to a twin mass flywheel of the type described in WO 89/01097 in which two coaxial flywheel masses which are mounted for limited angular rotation relative to each other; and a plurality of pivotal linkages interconnect the two flywheel masses each comprising a first link pivotally connected one of the flywheel masses, and a second link pivotally connected to the other of the flywheel masses, and means for pivotally connecting the first and second links. A problem arises due to the pivotal linkage striking one of the flywheel masses at extremes of relative rotation, thereby causing noise. A proposal for the use of cushioning means at the limits of relative rotational movement is disclosed in WO y /14076. The cushioning means disclosed therein have problems due to the conflicting requirements of resilience on one hand and wear resistance on the other hand. It is an object of the present invention to provide a twin mass flywheel of the above type with improved cushioning means. According to the invention there is provided a twin mass flywheel for a vehicle comprising two co.-axially arranged flywheel masses which are mounted for limited angular rotation relative to each other; and a plurality of pivotal linkages interconnecting the two flywheel masses each linkage comprising a first link pivotally connected to one of the flywheel masses, a second link pivotally connected to the other of the flywheel masses, and a pivot for pivotally connecting the first and second links, said linkage being arranged to tend to move radially outwardly as the flywheel rotates, at least one of the flywheel masses having cushioning means thereon to engage the other flywheel mass at the limits of said relative rotation in at least one direction of relative rotational movement characterised in that the cushioning means on said one flywheel mass engages a radially outer marginal portion of the other flywheel mass. Preferably one flywheel mass comprises a hub, a first annular plate fast with the hub and a pair of annular side plates spaced axially apart and fast with the hub, and the second flywheel mass is mounted on the and comprises a second annular plate with a pair of flange plates fixed thereon having portions located between the side plates, and the cushioning means act between the side plates and the flange plates at said limits. Preferably the flange plates of the second flywheel each have a pair of diametrically opposed radially outwardly projecting arms thereon, the arms on one flange plate being aligned with arms on the other flange plate, and the cushioning means being mounted in aligned apertures in the two side plates. Preferably the first annular plate has a cylindrical outer side wall forming an annular cavity around the hub and said side plates and flange plates are located within the cavity, and the radially outer ends of the arms engage friction damping devices fixed relative to the radially inner surface of the cylindrical wall. Conveniently the annular cavity is closed by an annular cover plate fixed to the end of the sidewall away from the first annular plate and the cavity is filled with a viscous material for damping movements within the cavity. For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how to carry it into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which; Figures 1A and IB show two halves of a cross-sectional view of a twin mass flywheel according to the present invention taken along the line 1-1 in Figure 2; Figure is a sectional view on line II-II of Figures 1A and IB; Figure 3 is a plan view of the flange plate showing at 3A and 3B sectional views taken on the lines A-A and B-B respectively; Figure 4 is a plan view of a side plate showing at 4C a sectional view on the line C-C; Figure 5 is a section on the line V-V of Fig IB; Figure 6 is a section on the line VI-VI of Fig IB; Figures 7 and 8 show side and plan views of a frictional damping leaf spring used in the flywheel of Figures 1A and IB, and Figure 9 shows an alternative form of cushioning means for use in the flywheel of Figures 1A and IB. With reference to Figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings there is illustrated a twin mass flywheel 10 comprising two flywheel masses 11 and 12. One flywheel mass 11 is fixed on a flange of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (not shown) by way of a central hub 14 and bolts 18. In use a friction clutch (not shown) could be secured to the second flywheel mass 12. Under normal drive conditions the flywheel masses 11, 12 rotate in a clockwise direction in the view shown in Figure 1A as indicated by the arrow D. The flywheel mass 12 is mounted on the central hub 14 via a bearing 19. The flywheel mass 11 comprises the hub 14 which is fixed to the crankshaft and first annular plate 15 fixed to the hub 14 by the bolts 16. The first annular plate 15 is a sheet steel pressing having an outer cylindrical side wall 13. The annular plate 15, hub 14, and outer wall 13 form an annular cavity A, the base of which is formed by the plate 15. A pair of annular sheet steel side plates 26 and 27 are located within the annular cavity A. The side plates 26 and 27 are mirror images of each other, and the side plate 27 is shown in Fig 4 and Fig 4C. The side plate 26 adjacent the first annular plate is fixed thereto by pegs or dowels 17 that engage holes 20 spaced around the outer periphery of each side plate. The other side plate 27 is axially spaced from side plate 26 and the two plates 26 and 27 are held apart by circumferentially spaced axially inwardly indented areas 21 on each side plate which abut each other. The two plates 26 and 27 can be secured together by spot welding, or by screw fasteners, rivets etc. in the abutting areas. The second flywheel mass 12 is arranged at the open end of said cavity A and is mounted rotatably to the first flywheel mass 11 by way of the bearing 19. The bearing 19 is non-rotatably mounted on the hub 14 and is secured in place between a flange 28 on the hub and the plate 15. The outer race of the bearing 19 is non-rotatably mounted by an interference fit in the centre of the second flywheel mass 12 . The second flywheel mass 12 further includes a hub part 30 and a pair of annular flange plates 31 32, the hub part 30 is secured to the flywheel mass 12 by spaced set screws 34 (see Fig 6). The two flange plates 31 32 are mirror images of each other and one flange plate 31 is shown in Fig 3. The two flange plates 31 and 32 each have a radially inner annular portion 35 with two diametrically opposed radially extending lugs 36 thereon which are formed axially inwardly of the annular portion so that when the two plates 31 and 32 are secured back-to-back on the hub part 30 by rivets 37 the aligned lugs 36 on each plate 31 and 32 abut. Relative rotation between the two flywheel masses 11 and 12 is controlled by a plurality of, preferably four, pivotal linkages 40 circumferentially spaced around the flywheel masses, and by two friction damping means 50 located on the inner surface of the wall 13. Each pivotal linkage 40, only one 40A of which is described in detail, comprises a first link 41 pivotally mounted between the spaced annular portions 35 of the flange plates 31 of the second flywheel mass 12 by way of a pivot 43, and a second link 42 pivotally mounted on the side plates 26 27 of the flywheel mass 11 by way of pivot 44. The two links 41 and 42 are pivotally connected to each other by means of a third pivot 45. It will be noted from Figure IB that the pivot 43 is positioned radially inwardly of the pivots 44 and 45. The first link 41 is formed as a bob weight mass having a greater mass at its end remote from the pivot 43, and adjacent the pivot 45 between the two links 41 and 42. The link 41 also has its centre of mass off-set towards its trailing edge considering the link 41 relative to its normal drive direction. By off-setting the centre of mass in this manner the centrifugal bob weight effect of the link 41 is increased in the normal drive direction of rotation D. The second link 42 comprises a pair of parallel arms which are arranged one on each axial side of the bob weight 41. Each pair of arms 42 located one on each axial side of the bob weight 41 extend from the pivot 45 through an aperture 22 in an inclined side of a respective indented area 21 of each side plate 26 27 to connect with a pivot 44 on the axially outer side of said side plates. The side plates 26,27 have circumferentially spaced radial slots 23 extending radially outwardly from the inner periphery thereof, to accomodate radial movement of the pivot 45. The friction damping means comprise leaf springs 50 (see figs 7 & 8) fixed relative to the outer wall 13 which are deformable by the relative movement of the lugs 36 on the flange plates 31 32. As the flange plates 31 32 move relative to first annular plate 15, the radially outer edges of the lugs 36 cause the leaf springs 50 to deform and resist the movement. The springs 50 are so shaped as to provide increasing resistance with increasing relative rotational displacement between the two flywheel masses 11 and 12. The springs are held against movement relative to wall 13 by tangs 50a which engage slots 51 in side plates 26, 27. Alternative, or additional friction damping means (not shown) could be provided by a stack of friction washers, located on the hub 14 to operate between the annular plate 15 and the hub part 30. Alternate friction washers may be driven by the hub 14 of the first flywheel mass 12, and the hub part 30 of the second flywheel mass 12. The washers may be urged together by a Belleville spring, such a friction damping means is shown in British Patent Application GB-A-2 198 808. Resilient cushioning means 54, 55 are fixed between the side plates 26 27 , to cushion the relative movement between the two flywheel masses at the limits of the angular relative rotation. The first cushioning means 54 comprise resilient stops, preferably in the form of helical compression springs, which are located on the "drive" side of the lugs 36. The springs are located in sets of aligned apertures 28 on the two side plates. One end of each spring 54 is held in an end cap 56 fixed at one end of the respective aligned set of apertures 28, and the other end of each springs 54 is located in an end cap 57 which is slideably mounted in the respective set of aligned apertures 28. At the limits of relative rotational movement, in the drive direction D, that is clockwise movement of the flange plates as shown in Fig 1A, the lugs 36 will each abut said end caps 57 and thereafter such movement will be resisted by the springs 54. The lugs 36 on the flange plates 31, 32 have notches 38 therein to accomodate a predetermined relative movement between the flywheel mass 11 and 12 before the springs 54 begin to operate. The second cushioning means 55 each comprise resilient stops, preferably an elastomeric cylinder, held between two end caps 58 59, and which are located on the "over run" side of the lugs 36. The elastomeric cushioning means 55 are located between the end caps 58 59 in second sets of aligned apertures 29 on the two side plates 26, 27. At the limits of relative rotational movement of the flange plates 31 32 in the anti- clockwise direction the lugs 36 will each abut a respective end cap 58 which is slideably mounted in the respective apertures 29. Thereafter, further such movement will be resisted by the elastomeric cushioning means. The open end of the first flywheel mass 11 is enclosed by a cover plate 60 fixed to the open end of the cylindrical wall 13. A resilient seal 61 is clamped between the second flywheel mass 12 and the flange plate 32 and engages the cover plate 60. The seal 61 is preferably a sheet metal diaphragm. The cavity 'A* may be filled with a viscous damping medium such as grease. Operation of the twin mass flywheel shown in Figure 1 to 6 will now be described. Under no-load conditions, with the engine rotating at high speeds centrifugal force acts on the pivotal linkages 40 and particularly on the bob weights 41 and urges the linkages in a radially outward direction. At higher rotational speeds the centrifugal force is greater and whilst this does not affect the configuration it greatly affects the force required to move the flywheel mass 12 relative to the flywheel mass 11. If the clutch is engaging or is engaged and torque is transmitted from the engine to the flywheel mass 11 and then to flywheel mass 12 there is a tendency for the two masses to rotate relative to each other. At relatively low speeds when the influence of centrifugal force is small the flywheel masses move readily relative to each other. However at high speeds the influence of centrifugal force is much greater and relative rotation of the flywheel masses requires greater force. The envelope of movement of the bob weights 41 is shown at 40B in Figure 1A. In extreme drive conditions the linkage 40 is stretched and under conditions of over-run the effects are similar except that in the embodiments described the link 42 folds under the bob weight 41. The two resilient cushioning means 54, 55 form resilient travel end stops to prevent shock loading in extreme high torque loading drive conditions when the flywheel masses approach the limit of their permitted relative rotational movement. Such conditions are most likely to occur at low flywheel rotation speeds when the centrifugal controlling force of bob weights 41 is lowest. If the cavity 'A' is filled with grease then the movement of the pivots linkages 40 between the two extremes, is damped by the grease, in that the grease provides resistance to the movement of the linkages and must flow around the bob weights 41 as they move through the respective chambers 46. As indicated above, the bob weights 41 are assymetrically shaped having an offset mass to give different effects in the drive direction of relative rotation as compared with the overrun direction of relative rotation. The mass is off-set to the trailing edge of the bob weight in the drive condition. This has the additional effect of moving the neutral position in the at-rest condition towards the overrun side of the flywheel and gives a longer drive condition travel. Figure 9 shows a modified form of cushioning means in which a rubber block 70 is positioned adjacent each end cap 56 in series with each spring 54. Each spring 54 acts against a plate 71 which compresses the adjacent rubber block 70. Thus when lug 36 contacts end cap 57 spring 54 is compressed and moves plate 71 which also compresses block 70 until plate 71 contacts end cap 56. The interaction of spring 54 and rubber block 70 depends on the relative spring rates of the spring and block and can be chosen to give a variety of different operating characteristics depending on the vehicle in which the flywheel is to be used.. Movement in the opposite direction is cushioned by the contact of lug 36 with a plate 72 which overlies a rubber block 73 which is supported by an end cap 74.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A twin mass flywheel (10) for a vehicle comprising two co-axially arranged flywheel masses (11,12) which are mounted for limited angular rotation relative to each other; and a plurality of pivotal linkages (40) interconnecting the two flywheel masses each linkage comprising a first link (41) pivotally connected (43) to one of the flywheel masses (11), a second link (42) pivotally connected (44) to the other of the flywheel masses (12), and a pivot (45) for pivotally connecting the first and second links, said linkage being arranged to tend to move radially outwardly as the flywheel rotates, at least one (11) of the flywheel masses having cushioning means (54,55) thereon to engage the other flywheel mass (12) at the limits of said relative rotation in at least one direction of relative rotational movement characterised in that the cushioning means (54,55) on said one flywheel mass (11) engages a radially outer marginal portion (36) of the other flywheel mass (12). 2. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 1 characterised in that one link (41) of each pivotal linkage (40) has a greater mass than the other link (42) so that said one link (41) acts as a bob weight. 3. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein one flywheel mass (11) comprises a hub (14), a first annular plate (15) fast with the hub, and a pair of annular side plates (26,27) spaced axially apart and fast with the hub, and the second flywheel mass (12) is mounted on the hub and comprises a .second annular plate with a pair of flange plates (31,32) having portions located between the side plates, and the cushioning means (54,55) act between the side plates (26,27) and the flange plates (31,32) at said limits. 4. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the cushioning means (54,55) are all mounted on one flywheel mass (11). 5. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that first cushioning means (54) for one direction of rotation comprise compression springs, and second cushioning means (55) for the other direction of rotation comprise elastomeric stops. 6. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 5 characterised in that the first cushioning means comprises compression springs (54) and elastomeric stops (70) in series. 7. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 6 when dependant upon Claim 3 characterised in that the flange plates (31,32) of the second flywheel (12) each have a pair of diametrically opposed radially outwardly projecting arms (36) thereon, the arms on one flange plate (31) being aligned with arms on the other flange plate (32), and the cushioning means (54,55) are mounted in aligned apertures (28,29) in two side plates (26,27) . 8. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 7 characterised in that the cushioning means (54,55) have end caps (56,57:58,59) thereon at each axial end thereof, and the end caps locate in said side plates (26,27) to hold the cushioning means (54,55) in position. 9. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 8 characterised in that the two side plates (26,27) have aligned substantially radial formations (23) therein to accomodate movement of a respective pivot (45) pivotally connecting a respective first (41) and second (42) link. 10. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 9 when dependant upon Claim 6, characterised in that the first annular plate (10) has a cylindrical outer side wall (13) forming an annular cavity (A) around' the hub (14) and said side plates (26,27) and flange plates (31,32) are located within the cavity, and the radially outer ends of the arms (36) engage friction damping devices (50) fixed relative to the radially inner surface of the cylindrical wall (13). 11. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 10 characterised in that the friction damping devices comprises leaf springs (50) having raised portions engageable with the ends of said arms (36) after a pre-determined relative angular rotation. 12. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 11 characterised in that the flywheel (10) comprises a first annular plate (15) with an outer cylindrical sidewall (13), and the cushioning means (54,55) are located adjacent the cylindrical wail. 13. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 12 characterised in that the first annular plate (15) has a cylindrical outer sidewall (13) forming an annular cavity (A) around the hub (14), and the cavity is closed by an annular cover plate (60) fixed to the end of the sidewall (13) away from the first annular plate (15), the cavity (A) being filled with a viscous material for damping movements within the cavity. 14. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 13 characterised in that a resilient sealing means (61) acts between the cover plate (60) and the second flywheel mass (12,32) to retain the viscous material within the cavity (A) . 15. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 14 characterised in that the sealing means comprises an annular spring steel diaphragm (61). 16. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 15, characterised in that the bob weight (41) has an off-set mass. 17. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 16 characterised in that the off-set mass is off-set towards the trailing edge of the bob weight (41) considering the flywheel rotating in its normal drive direction (D) . 18. A twin mass flywheel for a vehicle comprising two co-axially arranged flywheel masses (11,12) which are mounted for limited angular rotation relative to each other; and a plurality of pivotal linkages (40) interconnecting the two flywheel masses each linkage comprising a first link (41) pivotally connected (43) to one of the flywheel masses (11), a second link pivotally (42) connected (44) to the other of the flywheel masses (12), and a pivot (45) for pivotally connecting the first and second links, said flywheel being characterised in that one (41) of said links (41,42) has greater mass away from its pivotal connection to said one (11) of the flywheel masses (11,12) to form a bob weight that can move radially outwardly, said bob weight having an off-set mass. 19. A twin mass flywheel as claimed in Claim 18 characterised in that the off-set mass is off-set towards the trailing edge of the bob weight considering the flywheel rotating in its normal drive direction (D). 20. A twin mass flywheel constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and a shown in Figures 1 to 8 or 9 of the accompanying drawings.

Inventors: CURTIS ANTHONY JOHN, CURTIS, ANTHONY, JOHN
Applicants: AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS PLC, CURTIS ANTHONY JOHN, CURTIS, ANTHONY, JOHN
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F16F15
IPC codes: F16F1, F16F15