Liquid crystal display

Abstract: A high definition, high quality active matrix type liquid crystal display is provided by excluding electrodes from a single side of two transparent substrates to reduce extra space, whilst also providing transfers in the remaining space. On the side of liquid crystal inlet 14, as on other sides, a plurality of transfers 19 are provided outside seal 24. From transfers 19 on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14, a wiring pattern is formed inwardly, intersecting seal 24, to connect to extended conductor 21 formed in parallel with seal 24. Extended conductor 21 is led toward the side where signal line lead electrode 18 is provided, again crossing seal 24 to be connected with transfer lead electrode 20 formed on that side.

Description: The present invention relates to liquid crystal displays and, more particularly, to the arrangement of transfer elements (hereafter called "transfers") or electrical contacts as means for supplying counter electrode potential for opposing transparent substrates comprising a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display has two transparent substrates which have transparent electrodes, oriented film, and nonlinear elements incorporated therein, and have liquid crystal sealed therebetween. Voltage is applied across the electrodes on the two transparent substrates in order to create a display. In recent years, the mainstream in large liquid crystal displays has been the active matrix type, which uses a nonlinear element in each pixel. Large scale integrated circuits for driving signal lines which are used in the active matrix type liquid crystal display (AM-LCD) have been changing their output voltage to that of 5V in order to improve the driving rate or lower the cost of LSI chips. To use these 5V LSIs, the AM-LCD driving method has also been changing from one which basically locks counter electrode potential (Vcom) to a certain reference potential, to another which modulates counter electrode potential in response to the timing of output signals. For the method of modulating counter electrode potential (Vcom), it is necessary to transfer the modulation signal for the transparent counter electrode with as short a delay as possible. It is difficult to reduce the specific electrical resistance of the transparent counter electrode formed of transparent conductor film such as ITO in its forming process. Therefore, an increasing number of AH-LCDs have been employing a multi-transfer structure with an increased number of transfers, which has conventionally been provided only on the four corners of the LCD substrate, in order to electrically connect the counter electrode substrate to the active matrix substrate in a way which reduces effective time delay. This multiple transfer structure is particularly useful in large, high definition liquid crystal displays. Figure 1 shows a top view of an active matrix type liquid crystal display (AM-LCD) employing a conventional multi-transfer structure. In many applications, signal lines 17 are drawn alternately upward and downward to connect to the "Terminal Anchor Blocks" (TABs) (not shown), on which a signal line driving LSI is mounted via signal line lead electrodes 18 in order to provide a vertical striped RGB arrangement. Scan lines 15 have a larger wiring pitch than that of signal lines 17, so that they are led toward a single side (leftward in Fig. 1) to connect to the TABs (not shown) on which a scan line driving LSI is mounted, via scan line lead electrodes 16. On the other side (right), an opening of seal 24 that serves as liquid crystal inlet 14 is provided, and active matrix substrate 11 and counter electrode substrate 12 are scribed with their end positions aligned. The structure with the end positions of two transparent substrates aligned on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14 gives significant advantages of reducing the panel size and eliminating extra materials. In addition, the structure ensures many other advantages, such as higher yield in glass scribing in the liquid crystal cell assembly process, reduced cost due to decreased amount of liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal feeding process, and improvements in yield and ability in the sealing process for the liquid crystal inlet using UV-hardened resin after liquid crystal feeding. In this structure, multiple transfers are located in each boundary of the TAB bundled to meet the number of outputs for both scan line and signal line sides, and in many applications counter electrode potential (Vcom) is provided from peripheral circuit substrates via TAB through lines. On the other hand, the liquid crystal inlet side, which is scribed with the end positions of two transparent substrates aligned, requires the portion of the transparent substrates which is extended from the liquid crystal seal outwards to be small enough to obtain the above benefits. This limitation in space has prevented transfers from being used on the side of the liquid crystal inlet. Thus it has not been possible to apply counter electrode potential from the liquid crystal inlet side. This in turn has made it difficult to maintain uniform counter electrode potential across the display surface, resulting in a detrimental effect on display quality. This degradation in display quality increases the larger the display area of the liquid crystal display. In order to form a number of transfers on the side of the liquid crystal inlet in order to supply counter electrode potential (Vcom) from the liquid crystal inlet side, it is possible to extend the transparent substrate beyond the liquid crystal seal to provide sufficient space. Then an electrode pattern similar to those on other sides can be formed, and connect wiring provided from external peripheral circuit substrates. However, this arrangement would preclude the many advantages described above. It is hence an object of the present invention to improve the uniformity of the counter electrode potential across the display surface, without adversely affecting the benefits of a compact panel size. Accordingly the present invention provides a liquid crystal display comprising first and second transparent substrates having sealed liquid crystal therebetween, said first transparent substrate having a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of signal lines formed therein, said second transparent substrate having a transparent counter electrode formed therein, and a plurality of transfer elements for electrically connecting the transparent counter electrode to a transfer lead electrode. The invention is defined by the features as claimed in claim 1. The present invention has a reduced distance between the seal portion of two transparent substrates for liquid crystal displays and one of their end faces, thus decreasing the size of the display itself, and further provides a plurality of transfers even on the sides without various electrodes, in order to obtain a high definition liquid crystal display with improved display quality. Specifically, it provides a structure in which a plurality of transfers are accommodated without electrodes formed on the side of the liquid crystal inlet. The invention provides an improved structure for obtaining high quality, high definition images in active matrix type liquid crystal displays having a large display area. Further the invention provides a liquid crystal display which allows for higher yield in glass scribing in the liquid crystal cell assembly process, reduced cost due to a decreased amount of liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal feeding process, and improvements in yield and ability in the sealing process for the liquid crystal inlet using UV-hardened resin after liquid crystal feeding. The present invention will be described further, by way of example only, with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a top view of an active matrix type liquid crystal display having a conventional multiple transfer structure; Figure 2 is a top view, partly cut off, of an active matrix type liquid crystal display having a multiple transfer structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a partly enlarged view illustrating a transfer structure on the side adjacent to the liquid crystal inlet side of an active matrix type liquid crystal display having the multiple transfer structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a partly enlarged view illustrating a transfer structure on the side of the liquid crystal inlet of an active matrix type liquid crystal display having the multiple transfer structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a partly enlarged view illustrating a transfer structure around the corner of the liquid crystal inlet side and its adjacent side of an active matrix type liquid crystal display having the multiple transfer structure according to the preferred embodiment; Figure 6 is a cross section of line A-A' shown in Figure 2 illustrating the active matrix type liquid crystal display having the multiple transfer structure of the preferred embodiment; and Figure 7 is a cross section of line B-B' shown in Figure 2 illustrating the active matrix type liquid crystal display having the multiple transfer structure of the preferred embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the liquid crystal display according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been structured so that even on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14 with the end positions of two transparent substrates aligned, a plurality of transfers are provided outside of seal 24, as on other sides. From each transfer point, a wiring pattern of the same conducting members as those which form signal lines is extended to cross seal 24, and to connect, inside of seal 24, with an extended conductor formed along the direction of seal 24 on that side, and led to the side with signal line lead electrodes 18 provided, again crossing seal 24. Employing this structure in which the end positions of two transparent substrates are aligned on the liquid crystal inlet side allows counter electrode potential (Vcom) to be applied to the transparent counter electrodes via a plurality of transfers located on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14 from peripheral circuit substrates provided outside of the side having signal line lead electrodes 18. Thus the transparent counter electrodes are driven uniformly, providing a large active matrix type liquid crystal display with better display quality and high definition. Figure 2 is a top view of an active matrix type liquid crystal display which incorporates the present invention. Liquid crystal is sealed between active matrix substrate 11 and counter electrode substrate 12. Forming a vertical stripe arrangement, signal lines 17 are drawn alternately upward and downward to be connected to TABs (not shown) on which signal line driving LSIs are mounted, via signal line lead electrodes 18. Scan lines 15, having a large wiring pitch relative to signal lines 17, are drawn only toward one side to connect with TABs (not shown) on which scan line driving LSIs are mounted, via scan line lead electrodes 16. On the side opposing the one having scan line lead electrodes 16, liquid crystal inlet 14 is provided. Liquid crystal is sealed within an area surrounded by seal 24. It is necessary to minimize the propagation delay of a modulation signal to counter electrode substrate 12 (which has transparent counter electrodes formed by transparent conducting film such as ITO) required to modulate counter electrode potential (Vcom). This requires an increased number of transfers 19 to be provided for electrically connecting active matrix substrate 11 and counter electrode substrate 12. The present invention is a structure having aligned end positions on the liquid crystal inlet side of two transparent substrates, and additional transfers provided on the liquid crystal inlet side. Previously with this type of structure, no transfers had been provided because of space restrictions. As can be seen from Figure 2, a number of transfers 19 is provided on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14 on the right. On the side of liquid crystal inlet 14, a plurality of transfers 19 provided on the area without liquid crystal relative to seal 24, is connected by branched conductors formed so that they extend from extended conductor 21 provided on the area with liquid crystal relative to seal 24 to cross seal 24. Extended conductor 21 extends in parallel with seal 24 on the side of liquid crystal inlet, crosses seal 24 again on the side adjacent to the side of liquid crystal inlet 14, and connects to transfer lead electrode 20 on the side adjacent to the side of liquid crystal inlet 14. In Figure 2, extended conductor 21 is structured so that it connects the upper and lower sides of the display. However, the transfers on the liquid crystal inlet side may be connected by an extended conductor which is connected only with the transfer lead electrode either on the upper or lower side. Figure 3 shows connections of a transfer and each electrode on the side adjacent to the liquid crystal inlet 14 side. Signal lines 17 are bundled for every output and each bundle is connected to corresponding signal line lead electrode 18. Transfer lead electrode 20 is located between signal line lead electrode 18, and transfer 19 is located outside of seal 24, i.e., on the side without liquid crystal. Counter electrode potential is applied from peripheral circuit substrates to the transparent counter electrode via transfer lead electrode 20 and transfer 19. Figure 4 shows transfer connections on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14. Transfer 19 is provided, similar to other sides, on the outside of seal 24, i.e., the side without liquid crystal. On the inner side of seal 24 where liquid crystal is provided, extended conductor 21 is formed. Transfer 19 and extended conductor 21 are connected by a branched conductor which extends from extended conductor 21 to join seal 24. On the outside of transfer 19, various electrodes are absent, thus requiring no substrates outside the structure of transfer 19, that is, eliminating outside extra substrate space to allow two transparent substrate end positions to be placed on the same plane. Figure 5 shows transfer arrangement around the corner of the side of liquid crystal inlet and its adjacent side. Transfer 19 is provided on top of counter electrode substrate 12 and connected with extended conductor 21 via a branched conductor which intersects seal 24. Extended conductor 21 is connected to transfer lead electrode 20 formed on the side of signal line lead electrode 18. As can be seen from Figure 5, active matrix substrate 11 has its end portion outside of counter electrode substrate 12 on the side of signal line lead electrode 18 with various electrodes formed, but the end faces of active matrix substrate 11 and counter electrode substrate 12 lie substantially the same distance from seal 24 on the side of liquid crystal inlet without various electrodes (right side in Figure 5). In Figure 5, though transfer 19 is provided on top of counter electrode substrate 12, the transfer may be located in any suitable position in relation to each electrode of the display, depending on space and other factors. Figure 6 shows a cross section of line A-A' in Figure 2, i.e., the portion without transfer 19 on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14. This cross section is configured such that liquid crystal is sealed by seal 24 between upper counter electrode substrate 12 and lower active matrix substrate 11. Lower active matrix substrate 11 has pixels 22 and oriented film 26 formed of polyimide, for example, and upper counter electrode substrate 12 has colour filters 23, oriented film 26, and black matrix 27. In counter electrode substrate 12, transparent counter electrode 25 is formed of transparent conducting film such as ITO. Extended conductor 21 is provided inside of seal 24 on active matrix substrate 11. Figure 7 shows a cross section of line B-B' in Figure 2, i.e., the section of the portion where transfer 19 is provided on the side of liquid crystal inlet 14. Transfer 19, which comprises silver paste, for example, is configured to couple upper counter electrode substrate 12 and lower active matrix substrate 11 outside seal 24. Transparent counter electrode 25 of upper counter electrode substrate 12 is connected to transfer 19 from the upper side of seal 24. Additionally, extended conductor 21 formed in lower active matrix substrate 11 is connected to transfer 19 from the lower side of seal 24. This arrangement has made it possible for counter electrode potential to be applied to transparent counter electrode 25 via extended conductor 21 and transfer 19, without requiring the formation of a connecting electrode from external substrates in the area of liquid crystal inlet 14. As described above, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible, even on the side which has no space for liquid crystal display electrodes, to apply counter electrode potential through an extended conductor from an adjacent side, and to provide a large, high definition, and high quality liquid crystal display.

Claims: A liquid crystal display comprising: first (11) and second (12) transparent substrates having liquid crystal therebetween and sealed within an area surrounded by a seal (24), said first transparent substrate having a plurality of scan lines (15) and a plurality of signal lines (17) formed thereon, said second transparent substrate having a transparent counter electrode (25) formed thereon; and a plurality of transfer elements (19) for electrically connecting the transparent counter electrode (25) to transfer lead electrodes (20); a plurality of signal line lead electrodes (18) formed on a first edge of said liquid crystal display; and a liquid crystal inlet (14) formed in said seal (24) on a second edge of said liquid crystal display; characterised in that: the liquid crystal display further comprises a conductor (21) extending from a transfer lead electrode (20) formed at said first edge along said second edge; said extended conductor (21) is connected to transfer elements (19) provided at said second edge so that a counter electrode potential (Vcom) can be applied to said transparent counter electrode (25) from said second edge via said extended conductor (21) and said transfer elements formed along said second edge; said transfer elements, formed on said second edge, are located outside of said seal (24), said conductor is located inside of said seal, and said conductor is connected with said transfer elements formed along said second edge through branched conductors provided to extend said conductor so as to cross said seal. A liquid crystal display as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said extended conductor (21) is formed so that current can be supplied by two opposing transfer lead electrodes (20) provided on said first edge and a side opposing said first edge. A liquid crystal display as claimed in any preceding claim, characterized in that the end faces of each of said first (11) and second (12) transparent substrates on said second edge are configured to be substantially the same distance from the position of said seal (24) on said second edge.

Inventors: FUJII YOSHIHARU, YOSHIDA TOSHIHIKO, FUJII, YOSHIHARU, YOSHIDA, TOSHIHIKO, YOSHIDA, TOSHIHIKO, 1-211, FOREST-HILLS-MIHO
Applicants: IBM, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: G02F1