THE USE OF PARAWATER AS DISPERSING AGENT

Abstract: A stable colloid in water is prepared by enrichment of the water with respect to parawater. The colloid is stored without contact with a surface that decomposes water into H and OH. Water enriched with respect to parawater is prepared by condensation of water vapor on a surface that does not decompose water into H and OH. The stability of the thus prepared colloid is broken by bringing the colloid in contact with a surface that decomposes water into H and OH.

Description: The use of parawater as dispersing agent The invention described in the following pertains to the production of stable aqueous colloids. Like all other molecules with two H atoms, the H»0 molecule has two different forms, ortho and para , with parallel and anti- parallel nuclear spins, respectively, of the H atoms. At equilib¬ rium at and above room temperature the abundance ratio ortho:para is 3:1 both in the vapor and in the liquid. The two forms may be separated one from the other because they have different vapor¬ ization energies, 44 kcal/mol for the para form and zero for the ortho form. The scientific foundation of this statement har been published * . As a consequence of the statements above, the exchange be¬ tween vapor and liquid occurs in units of 4 H 2 <0. This is the unit cell if liquid water, i.e. liquid water consists of aggregates of 4H-0**. In the evaporation the liquid yields this unit cell at an energy of vaporization of 44 kcal/mol of the unit cell and 1/4x44 = 11 kcal/mol of H 2 0. In the condensation of the vapor the first step is the formation of unit cells that then aggregate to liquid droplets. The formation of the unit cell requires the participation of a suitable gas, e.g. an oxide of nitrogen. Such gases are abundant in ordinary air. Without such a gas the vapor may condense on a surface. If the material is a hydrogen-replacing metal, adsorbed H-O is de¬ composed H 2.Oad,s > Ha,bs + OHad,s whereupon H is absorbed into the metal and OH remains adsorbed on the surface. The process is reversible. As a consequence there is always an equilibrium between ortho and para water in the ad¬ sorbed state. The adsorption as such is reversible. As a consequence the equilibrium of the ortho and para form is maintained between surface and gas too. But if the surface does not decompose H 2 0 , , the ortho form will be desorbed much faster than the para form. The condensate on such a surface is strongly enriched with respect to the para form. * T.G. Owe Berg, J. Chim. Phys. 87 (1990) 497. ** T.G. Owe Berg, Tenside Detergents 24 (1987) 151. In the 1960s Derjaguin and his associates published papers on experiments in which steam from ordinary water was conducted through a capillary of pure quartz. The condensate thus formed was collected and studied. It had . properties quite different from those of ordinary water. In the U.S.A. many investigators tried to reproduce their experiments. On the whole they were success¬ ful with condensation in a quartz capillary. But with a capillary of glass, Pyrex, ordinary water was obtained. If the glass wall was smeared with fat, e.g. stopcock grease, Derjaguin' s water was obtained. Because certain properties were similar to those of polymers Derjaguin's water was called Polywater in the U.S.A.. A symposium was arranged at which the results were reported. The transactions were published *. The conclusion at this symposium was that Polywater is ordi¬ nary water contaminated by quartz or fat. Derjaguin's results were thus rejected. The correct conclusion is that Polywater is different from ordinary water in several respects, one being the ability of Poly¬ water to hold more of insoluble substances, namely in colloid form, as compared to ordinary water. An insoluble substance in colloidal dispersion does not affect the vaporization of ordinary water, nor the crystallization of ordinary water. The real reason for the rejection of Derjaguin's results is probably that the uni¬ versities nowadays are given to teaching and thereby to "explain¬ ing" natural phenomena and, therefore, reject every discovery that is not immediately "explained". I have treated the effect of enrichment with respect to para water on the anomalies of water more generally in a manuscript that I have sent to the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science for publication. I attach this manuscript as an appendix. The invention pertains to the use of ordinary water with added para water for dispersing an insoluble substance, and the conversion of the para water to ordinary water for the precipi¬ tation of the dispersed substance. The para water is produced e.g. as described above. The dispersion is prepared and stored in a vessel the wall of which does not convert the para water to ordinary, water. When precipitation is desired, the dispersion is transferred to another vessel the wall of which converts the * Polywater Symposium, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 36 (1971) 415- -561. para water to ordinary water, or, as an alternative, a metal that thus converts para water is introduced in the storage vessel. The advantage of this mode of operation, as compared to known ways to prepare and to break a dispersion, is that no chem¬ icals are added. According to one practical form of the invention, steam is conducted between two parallel vertical plates of copper. These are fitted with inclined grooves through which the condensate is conducted to the edges of the plates where it is collected and conducted away in tubes of copper. The external sides of the plates are cooled by streaming water. The part of the steam that is not condensed, is conducted through a number of narrow tubes of iron to a collecting vessel where new steam in the same amount as the condensate is added whereupon the steam is returned to the copper plates. An exact method for the determination of the ratio ortho:para in the condensate is the determination of the intensity ratio in the spectrum. An estimate of the surplus of para water is obtained from the freezing point of the condensate.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Preparation of a stable colloid in water characterized there¬ by that the water is enriched with respect to para water as com¬ pared to water at equilibrium between ortho water and para water, and that the colloid is stored in a vessel the wall of which does not decompose water into H and OH. 2. Preparation of water enriched with respect to para water char¬ acterized thereby that water vapor is brought to condensation on a surface that does not decompose water into H and OH. 3. Breaking of the stability of a colloid according to 1 char¬ acterized thereby that the colloid is brought into contact with a surface that decomposes water into H and OH.

Inventors: BERG TORE GUSTAF OWE, BERG, TORE, GUSTAF, OWE
Applicants: BERG TORE GUSTAF OWE, BERG, TORE, GUSTAF, OWE
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B01J13
IPC codes: B01J13