Anchoring of a band buckle in a band clamp

Abstract: The present invention provides a band clamp with a band and a separate buckle. The lock is of the type of lock where the band (304) is passed through the buckle (302) and then shaped to form a locking surface (332) that engages the exterior of the buckle to prevent the band from being pulled back through the buckle, wherein the banding tool forms both a band lock (332) on one band end (308) and a retaining member (504) on the opposite band end (306) such that the retaining member inhibits the non-attached buckle from separating from the band during lock formation.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to securing a band to a buckle of a band clamp, and in particular to an improved lock between a band and a buckle as well as a method for forming the improved lock. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of a hand tool to tighten a band clamp has long been known. Band clamps are typically used to secure bundles of materials together and to secure pipes, wiring, etc. In one such application, a band clamp is applied to secure a protective metal braiding around a bundle of wiring which is connected to a plug or coupler known as a back shell. Back shells are frequently used in military and aero-space applications where wiring carrying low voltage signals are conducted. Both the cables and the connectors must be protectively covered with a metallic substance to limit the harmful effects of radiation thereon. This metallic shielding must be without any "windows" (openings) and must in all parts have a ground connection with only low resistance to effectively minimize any electrical potential this "shielding" system may receive due to external or internal electromagnetic radiation (such as radio emission, cosmic rays, lightning strike, explosion of an atomic device, etc.). The diameter of the back shell body is typically larger than the diameter of the cable entering thereinto, and in order to have a satisfactory interconnection, a banding tool must be capable of applying a band clamp proximate the intersection of the back shell body and the cable entry stem. Thus the banding tool should be approximately the same width as the band clamp to be applied and should be capable of applying the band clamp from any direction. One tool for tightening band clamps to a back shell is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,726,403, to Young et al., February 23, 1988. The Young et al. device uses a toggle arrangement to tension the band clamp in place. Upon reaching the appropriate tension in the band clamp, the tool locks in a closed condition. To sever the tail from the tightened band clamp, a cutting arm must be rotated outwardly and upwardly from the side of the banding tool. Due to the externally attached cutting device, the Young et al. banding tool is capable of applying a band clamp close to the back shell from only one direction. If a band is attempted to be connected from the opposite direction, the cutting device may prevent proper installation. The Young et al. tool is therefore limited in its application and becomes difficult to operate in confined spaces such as are found in aircraft fuselages. Additionally, Young's tool uses toggles to transfer tension and toggles generally have a short power stroke in order to make the tool usable by an average person. Therefore, a larger size tool is required to sufficiently tension the band. Another banding tool is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,928,738 to Marelin et al., May 29, 1990, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. The '738 tool uses toggles to provide the power stroke and counteracting springs to achieve the desired tension in a band. It is necessary to force the band to bend around internal portions of the tool during tensioning. Additionally, the tool is not designed with overall width as a primary consideration. Still another banding tool is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,087,655 to Prestwich, July 20, 1937, the '655 device has a gripper section which holds one end of the band to be tensioned while a tensioning section grips and pull the other end of the band. The tensioning section comprises a double set of knurled wheels with a first set fixed and a second set movable. While the first set prevents slippage of the band, the second set tensions the band. While there is an angle between the tensioning section and the gripper section, this angular relationship does not provide the advantages of the present invention. Thus there is a need for a method and apparatus to allow tensioning of a band clamp to a back shell from either direction. An additional concern is the lock established between the band and the buckle of a band clamp. Particularly, the type of lock that is of concern is one in which the free end of a band, whose other end is operatively attached to a buckle, is wrapped about an object and inserted through a passageway extending through the buckle and then bent to create a surface which engages the exterior of the buckle preventing the band from pulling back through. The lock itself is defined by the engagement of the band to the exterior of the buckle. For example, in one lock of this type known to those skilled in the art, the lock is formed by bending the band transverse to the length of the band and away from the object about which the band clamp is wrapped to create the surface, a lip, which engages the upper exterior surface of the buckle to lock the band in place. The known locks of the type that are formed by bending the band to create a surface that engages the exterior surface of the buckle suffer from many deficiencies and inadequacies. Particularly, a problem prevalent among known locks of this type is their lack of holding power in certain circumstances. One such circumstance is when the lock is used to secure a band clamp about an object which is capable of expansion and contraction. In this situation, the known locks of the aforementioned type are susceptible to failure upon expansion of the object. Consequently, there is a need for a lock of the aforementioned type that exhibits improved strength in these and like circumstances. A further problem of known locks of the stated type is the force required of the banding tool to create the lock. In many instances, the force necessary to create the locks necessitates the use of a power tool or if a hand tool is employed, considerable force must typically be applied by the operator. For example, in the lock in which the band is bent transverse to its longitudinal axis and away from the object about which the band clamp is wrapped, the devices presently used to shear off the excess band make the entire cut at one time. Further, the force necessary to make the entire cut at once increases as the width of the band increases and as the thickness of the band increases. However, the use of a power tool is not practical in many applications. Similarly, in many situations it is not possible for an operator to apply the requisite force to a hand tool. Consequently, there is a further need for a lock that can be readily formed with hand banding tools. An additional problem in the aforementioned type of lock is its susceptibility to snagging. Specifically, the known locks of this type are formed in a manner in which they are susceptible to failure due to edges of the lock snagging on articles that can destroy the lock between the band and the buckle by "unbending" the band. For example, the lock formed by bending the band transverse to its longitudinal axis typically has an exposed edge where the excess band has been sheared that is readily snagged. Further, the snagged edge of the lock may damage the material or object that has been snagged. As is apparent, there is a further need for a lock of the defined type that is less susceptible to snagging. A further problem in the known locks of the aforementioned type is their susceptibility to tampering. For example, the known lock in which the edge of the band is bent away from the object about which the band is wrapped can be defeated with simple tools, such as a pair of pliers, and by hand in some instances. Therefore, there is an additional need for a lock of the defined type that is less susceptible to tampering. A further problem for locks of the aforementioned type, and especially those in which the band is bent transverse to the length of the band to create a lip that engages the upper exterior surface of the buckle, is that the tool which is used to create the lock and the clamped object must be rotated relative to one another to form the lip. During this rotation process, it is necessary to release some of the tension in the band to prevent the portion where the lock is to be established from thinning or breaking. Hence there is a need for a lock that can be formed while substantially avoiding having to release tension in the band, relative rotation between the band and the clamped object, or thinning of the band in the lock area due to rotation. Concomitantly, there is a need for a tool for forming such a lock. A further problem of the known locks of the aforementioned type is the inability of one banding tool to create the locks with various widths of the band. Consequently, a separate banding tool must be acquired for each width of band and associated buckle that is employed. Hence, there is a need for a lock that can be formed in band clamps of varying widths by one banding tool. An additional problem of the known locks is their relative short life. Band clamps are often used in circumstances where they are unprotected from various elements, including the weather, and under great force. In these circumstances, the formation of known locks do not provide the long-life characteristics desired. A further problem of the known locks is the difficulty in forming a proper lock in circumstances wherein the bundle or object sought to be secured is, for example, at a remote location. The known locks are inadequately designed to be formed by hand-held tools as opposed to machine tools, due to the forces required to form the lock. Based on the foregoing, there exists a need for an improved lock for a band clamp that is of the type in which the band is bent to form a surface that engages the exterior surface of the buckle and method for making same that exhibits improved strength characteristics. Among other things, there exists a need for a lock of this type that exhibits improved strength characteristics, that can be readily made with hand tools as well as mechanized tools, that is less susceptible to snagging, that is tamper resistant, that permits a single tool to be used to create a lock in band clamps of different widths, and that can be formed while substantially avoiding the release of any tension in the band, relative rotation in the band, rotation between the band and the clamped object, or thinning of the buckle. Moreover, there is a need for a method for forming such a lock. The European Patent Application 0 479 602 (is a previous design of a banding tool of the Applicant) discloses a tool for tightening a band and subsequently forming a lock adjacent a buckle using a cut-off blade and a cut-off knife. Additionally, the method involves applying tension to tighten the band and, while tension is applied adjacent to the buckle, the band is cut and the lock is formed. The US Patent 2,208,134 to McAnemy discloses a tool for clamping an objet. Prior to tensioning of the band, a head separate from the band is held to the band using a hook. To form the hook, tension at the band end is developed or occurs when the band end is bent and hammered. As part of forming the hook, the band end is bent and then removed from between the bevelled ends. Only after such a removal, is the hook completed by hammering. The European Patent Application 0 174 410 discloses a tool for successively controlling at least two processes. This tool may be used to apply a band clamp by deformation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention disclosed herein comprises the method for clamping an object as defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiments are characterised in the dependent claims. A suitable tool comprises a tensioning means having a first longitudinal axis therethrough. Means for transferring tension from the tensioning means to the band is interconnected to the tensioning means at an angle thereto. The tensioning means comprises a force storing device within a hollow handle of the tool. A tension adjustment plunger, a tension adjustment screw and a connecting rod are interconnected to the force storing device and the means for transferring tension. In a preferred embodiment the force storing device comprises a compression spring which is precompressed a desired amount by the adjustment plunger. The means for transferring tension comprises a tension transfer lever interconnected to the tensioning means and a tensioning block. At least one push link is connected on a first end thereof to the tensioning means and on a second end to the lever arm. A tension block having an elongated slot and a tension pin therein is connected to the lever arm, wherein the tension block pulls the band into tension. The present invention disclosed herein further comprises the band clamp as defined in claim 7. This way of forming the lock contributes to the ability of the lock to withstand greater forces. In the invention, the band and the buckle are separate. Thus, in addition to forming a band locking surface, the banding tool is used to form a retaining member on the band such that, when the band is inserted into a passageway of the buckle, the retaining member inhibits the buckle from slipping off the band. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the retaining member and the locking surface are formed by the same embodiment of the banding tool. The present invention provides a lock which is able to withstand greater forces, and in various embodiments is long lasting, less susceptible to snagging or tampering, able to be easily formed, and can be formed while substantially avoiding the release of tension in the band, relative rotation between the band and the clamped object, or thinning of the band in the regions of the lock due to this rotation. The present invention, in at least one embodiment, provides a lock so that a banding tool can be designed to accommodate band clamps of various widths. Furthermore, the present invention provides method for forming such a lock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for further advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following Detailed Description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a tool suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention; Figs. 2A, B, and C are exploded perspective views of the tool; Figs. 3A and B are cross-sectional views of the tool with a band clamp to be tensioned being inserted therein; Figs. 4A, B and C are cross-sectional views of the tool in an upstroke position; Figs. 5A and B are cross-sectional views of the tool in the signal position; Figs. 6A, B and C are side cross-sectional views of the cutting operation; Figs. 7A and B are isometric views of a locking tab and the hardware required for formation thereof; and Figs. 8A and B are isometric views of a locking tab and the hardware required for formation thereof. Figs. 9A-9D are, respectively, top, cross-sectional end, side, and perspective views of a lock; Figs. 10A-10D are, respectively, top, cross-sectional end, side, and perspective views of a lock; Figs. 11A-11D are, respectively, top, cross-sectional end, side, and perspective views of a lock; Figs. 12A-12D are, respectively, top, cross-sectional end, side, and perspective views of a lock; Figs. 13A-13D are, respectively, side, bottom, front, and perspective views of a cut-off knife and cut-off blade used to form the lock illustrated in Figs. 9A-9D; Figs. 14A-14D are, respectively, side, bottom, front, and perspective views of a cut-off knife and cut-off blade used to form the lock illustrated in Figs. 10A-10D; Figs. 15A-15D are, respectively, side, bottom, front, and perspective views of a cut-off knife and cut-off blade used to form the lock illustrated in Figs. 11A-11D and 12A-12D; and Fig. 16 illustrates an embodiment of the band clamp according to the present invention where the buckle and the band are separated; Fig. 17 represents the embodiment of the band clamp according to the present invention with the band inserted into the detachable buckle and a buckle retaining member formed on one end of the band; Fig. 18 illustrates wrapping the band clamp according to the present invention about an object in preparation for using a banding tool; Figs. 19A-19G illustrate a banding tool in which the knife and blade are used to form both the retaining member and subsequently the band lock; Fig. 20 illustrates an alternative method of using the banding tool 10 whereby the band 304 is inserted in a reverse direction; Figs. 21A-21C illustrate the use of the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 in forming a retaining member; Figs. 22A-22D illustrate the sequence of steps performed in using the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 to form a lock; Fig. 23 illustrates a banding tool which is a pneumatic device; Fig. 24 is an exploded view of the band contacting assembly of the pneumatic embodiment of the banding tool; Fig. 25 is an exploded view of the components of the lock forming unit 658 of the pneumatic banding tool; Fig. 26 illustrates schematically air flows between components of the lock forming unit 658 during the tensioning of a band clamp prior to lock formation; Fig. 27 illustrates the pneumatic interactions between components of the lock forming unit 658, which alternates iteratively with the configuration of Fig. 26, and is used in maintaining tension on a band 304; Fig. 28 illustrates the pneumatic interactions between the components of the lock forming unit 658 during lock formation; Fig. 29 is an oblique view of an alternative embodiment of a banding tool 10; and Fig. 30 is an exploded view of the banding tool 10 of Fig. 29. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring first to Fig. 1, a perspective view of a tool is generally identified by the reference numeral 10. The banding tool 10 is used to attach a band clamp 12 comprising a band 13 and a buckle 15 to a coupler 14 such as, for example, a back shell. The band clamp 12 is used to secure a protective shield 17 covering a cable 16 which is in turn attached to the coupler 14. Optional protective cover 16a such as heat shrink tubing can be installed to cover the shield 17 and the buckle 15. Figs. 11A-11D and 12A-12D illustrate two examples of a band lock. In these locks, the locking surface 332 is formed by shaping the portion of the second end 308 of the band 304 that emerges from the buckle 302 so that if the locking surface 332 is viewed in lateral cross-section, the intermediate point 338 on the band 304 is a greater distance from the lower member 318 of the buckle 302 than the first point 336 and the second point 340. Further, in the lateral cross-section, the distance of the first point 336 on the first lateral edge 310a from the lower member 318 of the buckle 302 and the distance of the second point 340 from the lower member 318 are substantially equal. Stated another way, the lateral cross-section of the locking surface 332 is substantially Omega-shaped. Further, the portion of the band 304 is bent, deformed or otherwise processed to cause the intermediate edge 360 to be substantially even with the upper member 320 of the buckle 302. The lock is created in a manner that largely circumvents any need to release tension in the band and relative rotation between the band and the clamped object and the thinning due to rotation. One way to form the lock referred to in Figs. 11A-11D is to use the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 shown in Figs. 15A-15D with a banding tool of the present invention. The Ω-knife 404 includes a first leg 408a, a second leg 408b, a buckle contact surface 410, band contact surface 412, and a first cutting edge 414 for cooperating with the Ω-blade 406 to produce the lock and sever excess band. The Ω-blade 406 includes a tongue 416 and a second cutting edge 418 for cooperating with the Ω-knife 404 to form the lock and trim any excess portion of the band 304. With the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 installed in the tool and with the band 304 appropriately tensioned by the tool, formation of the locking surface 332 commences with the Ω-knife 404 being displaced towards the Ω-blade 406 by the movement of the cut-off handle 154. As the Ω-knife 404 is displaced, the buckle contact surface comes into contact with the upper member 320 of the buckle 302 and the first and second legs 408a, 408b come into contact with the band 304. Further displacement of the Ω-knife 404 towards the Ω-blade 406 serves to form the locking surface 332. Specifically, further displacement of the Ω-knife 404 results in the first and second legs 408a, 408b of the Ω-knife 404 cooperating with the tongue 416 to form the locking surface 332 by displacing the portion of the band 304 located intermediate the first and second lateral edges 310a, 310b to be bent away from the lower member 318 of the buckle 302 in the characteristic Ω-shape. Also as a result of the bending, the portion of the band 304 immediately adjacent to the first exterior end surface 328a of the buckle 302 is cut from the first internal cutting point 362a to the second internal cutting point 362b to form the intermediate edge 360. This cut is caused by the bending of this portion of the band 304 forcing the first face 314a of the band 304 to contact the band cutting edge 396. The band cutting edge 396 is the interface of the interior surface 322 and upper member 320 of the buckle 302. The lock is now formed by the engagement of the locking surface 332 to the buckle 302 and more specifically, by the engagement between the intermediate edge 360 of the locking surface 332 and the first exterior end surface 328a of the buckle 302. Consequently, all but a narrow portion of the excess band 304 is severed from the locking surface 332 during lock formation. More precisely, upon completing the lock, a portion of the band 304 between the tongue 416 and the Ω-knife 404 remains uncut. To completely detach the newly formed lock from the excess band portion, tension is again applied to the excess band portion by applying force to the pull up handle 116 in the direction 126. Note that prior to using the pull up handle 116, the tensioning assembly 24 may require adjusting such that this assembly can withstand a greater tension, i.e., a tension sufficient to tear away the excess band from the newly formed lock. One way to form the lock referred to in Figs. 12A-12D is to use, in the previously described banding tool, the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 shown in Figs. 15A-15D with the appropriate modifications to accommodate the lock cover 366. Particularly, the Ω-knife 404 is modified so that it substantially corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the lock cover 366. When in operation the Ω-knife contacts the lock cover 366 as well as the upper member 320 of the buckle 302. In all other respects the use of the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 in the banding tool to form the lock illustrated in Figs. 12A-12D is identical to that previously described for forming the lock shown in Figs. 11A-11D. Also, the lock is made in a fashion that largely circumvents the need to release tension in the band and relative rotation between the band and the clamped object and hence the thinning associated with rotation. In of the present invention, various blade/knife configurations can be used in a dual purpose manner with a band clamp hereinafter denoted band clamp 300a (as shown in Figs. 16-18). That is, as shown in Fig. 16, the buckle 302 of band clamp 300a having a passageway 324, and first and second exterior end surfaces 328A, 328B, respectively, is not fixedly attached to the band 304. Instead, once the band 304 is inserted into the buckle passageway 324, a lock-like "retaining member" can also be formed by the banding tool 10 at the first end 306a of the band 304, as well as a lock on the second band end 308a. That is, the retaining member on the first end 306 is used to prevent the buckle 302 from sliding off the first end 306. The retaining member can be described in various alternative ways: (1.1) a cross-section of the retaining member has points from the same face or surface of the band 304 that are not colinear; (1.2) a cross-section of the retaining member has points within it such that a line segment between them has a portion outside the cross-section; or (1.3) the retaining member has at least one point on a face on the band 304 that both contacts the second exterior end surface 328b on the buckle 302 and is inwardly disposed toward the object being clamped further than the passageway 324. These descriptors will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the discussion below. As an example, in Fig. 17, one embodiment of a retaining member is presented, i.e., retaining member 504. In this configuration of a retaining member, band portions 512a and 512b adjacent to the first and second lateral edges 310a and 310b, respectively, of the first end 306 are misaligned from the remainder of the band 508. In particular, wedges 512a and 512b are formed such that the misalignments at the offset 516a and a similar offset 516b are sufficient, for all practical purposes, to prevent the band 304 from being removed from the buckle passageway 324 via first end 306. Thus, by wrapping the band 304 of band clamp 300a about, for example, shield 17, as shown in Fig. 18, and inserting the band second end 308 through the buckle passageway 324, the band first end 306 is sandwiched between the shield 17 and an extent of overlapping band 304. Note that such a band clamp embodiment when tightened about shield 17 provides an extremely secure tension maintaining connection at band first end 306 due to both contact between the buckle 302 and the offsets 516a and 516b, and the friction on the first end 306 resulting from being sandwiched between the shield 17 and the overlapping extent of band 304. Thus, given the configuration of band clamp 300a in Fig. 18, the banding tool 10 of Fig. 29 can be utilized. The novel aspects relating to a banding tool 10 (Fig. 29) embodiment allowing both a lock and a retaining member to be formed reside substantially in (a) the cutoff blade 540 and cutoff knife 544 combination, and (b) enhancements in the method of operating the banding tool 10 (Fig. 29). Briefly, by using certain configurations of cutoff blade 540 and cutoff knife 544 combinations (as will be described below), a retaining member can be formed on a band first end 306 either by (2.1) inserting the first end 306 into the banding tool 10 in a forward direction 128 as in Fig. 19A (however, preferably not further than tension holding pin 92), or (2.2) inserting the first end 306 into the banding tool 10 in the reverse direction such that the band exit from the banding tool for an excess band portion cutoff upon band lock formation is now the insertion location for the band 304. Thus, whether the first end 306 is inserted forwardly or reversely, when the first end 306 (or a band 304 portion substantially near the first end 306) resides between the cutoff blade 540 and the cutoff knife 544 a retaining member can be formed. Note that either before or after the retaining member formation, the band 304 can be inserted into the buckle passageway 324 such that a band clamp 300a configuration as in Fig. 17 results thereby allowing an operator to proceed as discussed in Fig. 18 and subsequently use the banding tool 10 to form a band lock. For more detail in using the banding tool 10 for the dual purposes of forming both the retaining member and the band lock, reference is made to Figs. 19A-19G. Substantially identical wedge indentations 548a and 548b formed on the band/buckle contacting surface 552 of the knife 544 provide a contour which results in wedge shaped portions of the band 304 being formed on the band as the knife 544 exerts a force in direction 224 thereby severing the band positioned between the knife 544 and blade 540 at the cutoff shear 556. For example, as indicated in Figs. 19A and 19B, wedges 512a and 512b of Fig. 17 (upside down here) are formed on the first end 306 when this end is inserted between knife 544 and blade 540 along direction 128. In addition, in Figs. 19E-19G, note that this same knife and blade combination also produces the wedge lock 560. Thus, the operation of the banding tool 10 embodied in Figs. 19A-19F can be described as follows. A band first end 306 is inserted forwardly (direction 128) into the banding tool 10 (Fig. 19A). Once the first end 306 is positioned to contact the entire band/buckle contacting surface 552, the cutoff handle 154 is rotated or activated in the direction 220 (Fig. 6A) and subsequently released to return its resting position. This action results in the configuration of Fig. 19B whereby the knife 544 has both severed, along cutoff shear 556, an excess band portion 564 from the band 304 and formed the wedges 512a and 512b of the retaining member on the (newly cropped) first end 306. Subsequently, the retaining member 504 is removed from the banding tool 10 by an operator pulling the band 304 in the direction 568 and (if not already inserted) the band 304 is inserted into the buckle passageway 324 via the second band end 308 as illustrated in Fig. 19C. Following this, the band 304 is wrapped about an object such as shield 17 to be banded as in Fig. 19D and, by subsequently inserting the second band end 308 back through the buckle passageway 324, the configuration of Fig. 18 is achieved. At this point, the banding tool 10 can be used to form a band lock 560 in a manner substantially similar to previous descriptions of band lock formations. That is, (i) an excess portion of the band 304 extending from the second end 308 to the buckle 302 is inserted in direction 128 into the banding tool 10 such that some portion of the band 304 is past the tension pin 78 via activation of tension hold hook 110 (Figs. 3B and 19E), (ii) the tension hold hook 110 is used to restore the tension pins 78 and 92 to positions where tension can be applied to the band 304, (iii) the pullup handle 116 is subsequently reciprocated causing movement of the band 304 in direction 128 thereby tightening the band about the object to be banded and inherently causing the buckle be positioned immediately adjacent the blade 540 as in Fig. 19E, (iv) subsequently, once a predetermined tension on the band, pulling in the direction substantially opposite from the direction 128, is attained, the cutoff handle 154 is used to force knife 544 in direction 224. This last action thereby causes the buckle contact surface 389 (i.e., the portion of the band/buckle contacting surface 552 that contacts the buckle 302) to induce the cutting or shearing of the band 304 along the cutting edge 346 of the buckle 302 where this edge comes in contact with the blade projection ends 568a, 568b (Fig. 19F), thus forming the lock 560 of Figs. 19F and 19G. In an alternative method of using the banding tool 10 embodiment to form a retaining member, instead of inserting the band first end 306 into the banding tool 10 as shown in Fig. 19A, the band 304 can be threaded reversely through the tool. For example, Fig. 20 illustrates a substantial coil of band material 580 that is threaded in the direction 216 through the band tool 10. In this procedure, the tension hold hook 110 is used to form the gaps G of Fig. 3B whereby a band end can be inserted as shown in Fig. 20. Subsequently, a length of band 304 sufficient to create the band clamp 300a is drawn out the previous band entry location adjacent or between the knife 544 and the blade 548. Consequently, since the portion of the band between the knife 544 and blade 540 can be considered the first end 306 of the band 304 portion drawn out of the previous band entry, the remainder of the procedure described in reference to Figs. 19A-19G applies. Therefore, the band clamp 300a can be locked about an object as indicated in Figs. 19A-19G. The Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 can also be used with the alternative band clamp 300a. For example, by inserting the band clamp 300a in the reverse direction as described in (1.2) and shown in Fig. 20, the band 304 can be positioned between the Ω-knife 404 and the Ω-blade 406 as presented in Figs. 21A-21C. Thus, a force on the Ω-knife 404 in the direction 224 causes the retaining member 600 to be formed on the first end 306. Subsequently, when the Ω-knife 404 is disengaged from the band 304, a sufficient length of band to form a desired band clamp can be drawn through the banding tool 10 in the direction 604 and cut off (without using the banding tool 10). Following this, the cutoff length of band drawn out of the banding tool 10 can be inserted into a buckle passageway 324 to obtain the band clamp 300a of Fig. 21C. Referring now to Figs. 22A-22D, the newly formed band clamp 300a can now be wrapped around an object, such as shield 17, and the second end 308 can be inserted into the banding tool 10 in the forward direction 128 as in Fig. 21A by using the tension hold hook 110 to create gap G (Fig. 3B). Subsequently, the band clamp 300a can be tightened about the object and the lock of Figs. 11A-11D can be formed in the manner described above in reference to Figs. 15A-15D. Thus, the sequence of Figs. 22A-22D illustrate how to form the lock using the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406 in the banding tool 10. Figs. 23-28 present an alternative embodiment of the banding tool which is particularly suited for use with the Ω-knife 404 and Ω-blade 406. This alternative banding tool, hereinafter denoted banding tool 650, is manually operated as with banding tool 10. However, substantially all forces required for band insertion, tensioning, lock forming and band cutting (or tearing) are supplied pneumatically. In Fig. 23, the banding tool 650 is shown. The tool includes an air pressure controller 654, a hand held lock forming unit 658 and two pneumatic hoses 662, 666 for conveying pressurized air from the controller 654 to the lock forming unit 658, with hose 662 providing high substantially unregulated pressure while hose 666 provides regulated pressure. Referring to lock forming unit 658, Fig. 23 shows a band lock head assembly 670 which includes substantially all band contacting components; e.g., the band tensioning and lock forming components. In particular, head assembly 670 provides substantially the same functionality as head 36 and those components of banding tool 10 directly connected to and/or included within head 36. More precisely, an expanded view of the components of lock head assembly 670 are presented in Fig. 24. Note that labelings having an "a" in Fig. 24 are intended to be substantially analogous to the similarly labeled component or direction in the banding tool 10 without an "a" in the labeling. In addition, direction label 206r is intended to denote the direction analogous to the reverse or counter-clockwise direction to 206 of Fig. 4B. Fig. 25 shows an expanded view of the components of the lock forming unit 658 while Figs. 26-28 show the pneumatic connections and flows between various components of lock forming unit 658. That is, Fig. 26 shows the airflows between the lock forming unit 658 components during the tensioning of a band 304 when lever 44a moves in direction 206a. Fig. 27 shows the airflows between the lock forming unit 658 components as the lever 44 moves in the direction 206r. And, Fig. 27 shows the airflows during lock formation. Given the description of the lock forming unit 658 components below, it is left to those skilled in the art to fully appreciate the pneumatic interactions between the components. However, it is worth mentioning that the dashed arrows used in Figs. 26-28 indicate a direction for the flow of regulated pressure initially obtained from hose 666 and the solid arrows indicate a direction for the flow of high substantially unregulated pressure initially obtained from hose 662. In Fig. 25, the components of the lock forming unit 658 relating to the pneumatic control of the lock head assembly 670 will now be discussed. Tension activating assembly 700 is used for activating the tensioning of a band 304 (band not shown in Fig. 25). That is, whenever the tension activating assembly button 704 (also shown in Fig. 23) remains depressed, the tension activating assembly 700 causes regulated air pressure from line 666 to be used in tensioning a band clamp inserted into the lock head assembly 670 as in Figs. 22A-22D. Further, whenever the button is not depressed, a gap analogous to gap G (Fig. 3B) is formed in the lock head assembly 670 for easy insertion of a band. Other operator controls included in the lock forming unit 658 are a retaining member formation switch 708 and a tear off tension disable switch assembly 712. The retaining member formation assembly 708 is used for activating the appropriate pneumatic components such that a retaining member is formed on a band 304, in particular, without a predetermined band tension and without subsequent tear off tension. Note that the button 716 extends through the control housing 720 at hole 724. The tear off tension disable switch assembly is used to allow an operator to experiment with various band tensions about an object prior to committing to forming a lock. Each of the above-mentioned operator controls are pneumatically connected to a pneumatic internal control 728 as the pneumatics schematics of Figs. 26-28 indicate. The internal controller 728 includes two conventional pneumatically controlled cylinder-piston combinations 732, 736 (Figs. 26-28) for routing pressurized air between the operator controls and the various internal pneumatic switches and pneumatic cylinders. In particular, there are three types of air ports for attachment to the internal controller 728. Air ports 740 control the routing of air flow through substantially all other air ports. Air ports 744 communicate air between the operator controls and the various internal pneumatic devices. Note that ports 744a, 744b, 744c and 744d are in continual pneumatic communication with one another. Finally, air ports 748 are exhaust ports for exhausting air into the environment. Connected to the internal controller 728 is a two-way activated pneumatic cylinder 752, hereinafter denoted the tensioning cylinder, which supplies the forces to move the lever 44a in the directions (and corresponding magnitude) of the arrows 206a, 206r and 126a. Thus, when the tensioning cylinder 752 toggles the lever 44a according to direction arrows 206a and 206r, the tension block 46a increases the tension on a band 304 in the same manner as the tension transfer block 46 of the banding tool 10. In this context, to reverse movement of lever 44a between directions 206a and 206r, a tab portion 756 (also see Fig. 24) contacts a dual switch valve controller, hereinafter denoted the tension switch assembly 760, having pneumatic switches 764 and 768. That is, the tab portion 756 contacts switches 764 and 768 alternately during tensioning of a band 304. As can be seen in Fig. 26, both switches 764 and 768 are pneumatically connected to the internal controller 728 which, in turn, routes air pressure from the switches to the tensioning cylinder 752 to induce toggling of the lever 44a. The internal controller 728 is also pneumatically connected to a second two-way activated pneumatic cylinder 772, hereinafter denoted the knife activation cylinder, which is substantially identical to the tensioning cylinder 752. Upon impetus of receiving pressurized air from the internal controller 728, the knife activation cylinder 772 supplies the forces to move the lever 174a in the directions 776 and 780 (Fig. 24). Thus, when the lever 174a is induced to move in the direction 776, the knife 404 moves to engage the blade 406 (i.e., moves in direction 224a) and when the lever 174a is induced to move in the direction 780, the knife 404 moves in substantially the opposite direction thereby disengaging from the blade 406. Further note, when the lever 174a moves sufficiently forward such that the knife 404 fully engages the blade 406, tab portion 784 contacts pneumatic knife disengage switch 788 which induces the lever 174a to move in direction 780. That is, activation of the knife disengage switch 788 induces pressurized air to flow through the switch 788 and between two air ports 744 of the internal controller 728 such that pressurized air is in turn communicated to the knife engaging cylinder 772 to induce movement of the lever 174a in direction 780. Moreover, in this context, activation of knife disengage switch 788 also induces, via internal controller 728, activation of the tensioning cylinder 732 with unregulated air pressure to pull the lever 44a in the direction 206a such that the tension being communicated via tension transfer block 46a to a band 304 is increased sufficiently (in direction 128, Fig. 21C) to tear away the excess band from the lock. The timing for commencing engagement between the knife 404 and the blade 406 is governed by check valve assembly 792 and needle valve 796. That is, once the predetermined tension has been obtained for forming a lock, or the retaining member formation switch 708 has been activated, there is an operator controllable time delay prior to the activation of the knife 404 to engage the blade 406. To accomplish this, the check valve assembly 792 communicates one way air pressure from the cylinder-piston combination 732 to a piston control portion of cylinder-piston combination 736 periodically. However, when the pressure in this piston control portion decreases to a predetermined level by escaping through needle valve 796, air flow commences to the knife engaging cylinder 772 resulting in the engagement of the knife 404 and blade 406. Figs. 29 and 30 present an external and exploded view, respectively, of another embodiment of a banding tool 10 wherein the blade 540 and knife 544 configuration of Figs. 19A-19G can be used. In particular, the blade 76 and the knife 48 of Fig. 30 can be modified to provide the blade and knife configuration of Figs. 19A-19G. That is, the band/buckle contacting surface 552 (Fig. 19A) can be provided on the lower surface 53 of Fig. 30 and the blade 540 configuration having blade projection ends 568a and 568b can be provided on the blade tip 82 of Fig. 30. Note that a full description of the banding tool 10 disclosed in Figs. 29 and 30 is provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,123,456 to Jansen issued June 23, 1992 which is hereby incorporated by reference. Although the present invention has been described with respect to a specific preferred embodiment thereof, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: A method for clamping an object (17) comprising: providing a band (304) having a longitudinal axis extending from a first end (306) to a second end (308) said band (304) also having a buckle (302) adjacent said first end, a first lateral edge (310a) and a second lateral edge (310b) both extending between said first end (306) and said second end of said band (304); disposing said band (304) with said buckle (302) about the object, inserting said second end (308) through a buckle passageway (324) and producing a lock (560) on said band (304) while tension of said band remains substantially the same along said longitudinal axis of said band (304), in which said lock (560) has a cross section, taken vertically to the longitudinal axis, that includes two points (336, 340) such that a line of points between said two points (336, 340) has a third point (338) outside said cross section, with a first point (336) of said two points being on said first lateral edge (310a), and a second point (340) of said two points being on said second lateral edge (310b) substantially opposite to said first point (336) relative to said longitudinal axis of said band (304), said method being characterised in that it comprises the steps of forming a retaining member (504) on said first end (306) of said band; said forming step including inserting said first end (306) of said band into a tool (10) having at least a first tool component (540 or 544); and creating said retaining member (504) using said first tool component (540 or 544), said band (304) remaining inserted in said tool (10) during all of said creating step; a cross section of said retaining member (504), between a first point on said first lateral edge (310a), and a second point on said second lateral edge (310b) substantially opposite to said first point relative to said longitudinal axis of said band (304), including two points such that a line of points between said two points has a third point outside said cross section; locating the buckle (302) adjacent to said retaining member (504) by inserting the band (304) into the buckle passageway (324) wherein said forming step includes using at least one tool component (540 or 544) equivalent to said first tool component (540 or 544) for producing said lock. A method, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said producing step includes positioning said second end of said band (304) in a first direction into said tool (10), and said inserting step includes inserting said first end (306) in a second direction, opposite said first direction, into said tool (10). A method, as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: said first end (306) of said band (304) is placed between a first band contacting portion (552) of said first tool component (544) and a second band contacting portion (556) of a second tool component (540), and said first and second band contacting portion (552, 556) are forced together for deforming said first end to form said retaining member (504). A method, as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: said tool (10) does not contact said buckle (302) when forming said retaining member (504), and said first tool component (504) contacts the buckle (302) when forming said lock (560). A method, as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: said retaining member (504) contacts an exterior end portion of the buckle (302) for inhibiting a separation of the band (304) and the buckle (302). A method, as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: said step of creating said retaining member (504) includes controlling a retaining member formation switch (708) to activate pneumatic components of a pneumatically controlled banding tool (650). A band clamp comprising a band (304) having a length for wrapping about an object (17), said band (304) also having two lateral edges, a first end portion (306) and a second end portion that define band segments at opposed ends of the band length; a buckle (302) having a passageway for inserting said second end portion; a lock (560) formed in said second end portion, said buckle (302) maintaining said first end portion (306) and said second end portion relative to each other said band clamp being characterized in that: the buckle has a passageway (324) for receipt of both said first end portion (306), and said second end portion, said band (304) comprises a retaining member (504) formed in said first end portion (306), said retaining member (504) having a cross section between a first point on the first lateral edge and a second point on the second lateral edge substantially opposite to said first point relative to said longitudinal axis of said band, such that a line drawn between said two points has at least a third point outside said cross section to inhibit a separation of said band (304) and said buckle (302), said retaining member having been formed by at least one tool component (540 or 544) that is equivalent to a first tool component (540 or 544) that has been used to form said lock.

Inventors: HINNEN HANS R, JANSEN GEORGE, MARELIN MIKLOS, HINNEN, HANS R., JANSEN, GEORGE, MARELIN, MIKLOS
Applicants: BAND IT IDEX INC, BAND-IT-IDEX, INC.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B65B13
IPC codes: B65B13, B25B25