Method for sealing thermal processing apparatus

Abstract: A novel method for sealing the end of tubing (112) connected to and extending from a container (110) housing workpieces to be thermally processed using mechanical as well as thermal means. The invention also contemplates a novel tubing member for connection to such a container, where the sealing material is disposed within the tubing member prior to insertion of the tubing into the container. After fixing the tubing in the container, a plurality of locations (140) along the length of the tubing are identified where mechanical closure of the tubing is effected. Then, the tubing is heated to a temperature sufficiently high to melt the contained sealing material at the crushed locations, such that a metallurgical seal is formed inside the tubing at the crushed locations.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for sealing containers, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for tightly sealing metal evacuation tubes of a container using brazing techniques. 2. Background of the Invention There are a variety of applications in which metal tubing is used where it must be sealed against the atmosphere. In such cases, the tubing is usually attached to a container which either has been evacuated and thus is at a pressure lower than the environment which contains the container, or has been filled with gas or other fluid under a pressure higher than the environment which contains the container. One example of an area of technology in which it is desirable to effect the sealing of tubing is where a controlled environment is necessary, as in the context of diffusion bonding a workpiece made of a reactive metal, such as titanium or its alloys. The controlled environment is typically attained through the use of a metallic envelope or container known as a "retort", which envelopes a workpiece that has been prepared for diffusion bonding. The retort comprises upper and lower metal members which are to be sealed at edge regions about the workpiece. Typically, tubing is connected to the chamber formed by the upper and lower metal members of the retort within which the workpiece is contained. After sealing the edge regions of the chamber, the fluid in the chamber is evacuated by vacuum pump means coupled to the chamber via the tubing. It is this tubing which must also be sealed after the chamber has been evacuated. Another situation where sealing of tubing is desirable involves the filling of a container with a pressurized fluid or with a fluid which develops a pressure greater than the ambient pressure upon a change in ambient temperature. Following the filling of the container, it is neccesary to hermetically seal the tubing used to deliver the fluid. The principal problem confronted when attempting to isolate either a pressurized chamber or an evacuated chamber from the environment is the attainment of a complete seal of the tubing following manipulation of the fluid contents in the chamber. Several techniques for sealing tubing are known; mechanical deformation or crimping; welding; and soldering. In the case of mechanical deformation, the tubing is first heated and then caused to collapse via a crushing force applied using a mechanical tool. In welding, two pieces of metal to be joined are disposed atop one another and melted and, upon cooling, the two pieces become one piece. In soldering, a solder alloy is melted and is caused to flow onto the surfaces of the two metal members to be joined, and after the alloy cools, the two pieces are joined together. DE-C-293480 discloses a soldering method using a soldering material in the form of a liner which, after being melted, forms a plug for closing the diameter of the tube. DE-A-15 25 649 also teaches a soldering method using a soldering material in the form of meltable mass of granular solder material which is placed in a tube in front of the narrow part of a bend or a transverse fold in the tube and which is melted by heating the tube at the narrow location to from a plug for closing the tube. Each of these techniques has proven undesirable and there exists a great need for a new and more effective method for sealing tubing connected to the containers. Welding is undesirable insofar as the equipment necessary to effect the weld is unwieldy and not portable so that its accessibility is not assured. Moreover, welding requires the melting of the metal members to be joined, and in certain applications, the level of heat developed can be destructive of the contents of the containers or the containers themselves. Likewise, soldering is undesirable for closing the ends of tubing. In the case of a chamber having a higher or lower internal pressure than the ambient, after heating, then pinching the tubing, and then dipping the pinched tubing end in solder, the solder "plug" has been forced out of its place of securement by the difference between the chamber pressure and the ambient pressure, thereby destroying the integrity of the seal. And where the chamber is one in which the fluid has been evacuated, the resulting seal is rendered ineffective when the container and connected tubing are subjected to subsequent thermal treatment, as for example the heating associated with a diffusion bonding treatment, causing remelting and loss of the solder "plug" as it reaches its melting point. On the other hand, with mechanical crimping techniques where the tubing has simply been collapsed, with or without heating, the resulting seal has been found to withstand limited pressures within the tubing. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel method for sealing tubing connected to containers housing workpieces to be thermally processed, while overcoming all the disadvantages and drawbacks of the currently known sealing methods. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for closing the end of tubing extending from a container where the closure is effected by mechanical as well as thermal steps. Another object is to provide a novel tubing member for connection to such a container, where the sealing material is disposed within the tubing member prior to insertion of the latter in the former. To achieve the above objects, a method for isolating the pressurized interior of a container, and a sealable tubing member as set forth in claims 1 and 7 respectively are provided. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Figure 1 illustrates one example of a container and tubing combination of the type currently in use today; Figure 2 shows a container and tubing combination of the type contemplated by the present invention; Figure 3 is a side view of a section of tubing of the type contemplated in the combination of Figure 2, prior to crimping of the tubing; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tubing shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a side view of a section of tubing of the type contemplated in the combination of Figure 2, after the tubing has been crimped and sealed; and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the tubing shown in Figure 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a container or retort 10 of the type used in industry today in combination with metal tubing 12 for fluidly interconnecting the container with a pump 20. The pump 20 may be of the type used to evacuate fluid from within the container, or pump 20 may be of the type used to deliver pressurized fluid to the container. A shut-off valve 30 preferably is disposed within the tubing and is actuatable to close the tubing to prevent leaking of fluid into or out of the container. A region 14 of the tubing 12 in proximity to the container is heated, as for example by passing the flame of a gas torch back and forth across the region. Next, a plurality of crimps 40 are mechanically formed in the heated region 14 of tubing. Thereafter, the tubing is cut (as at location 50) and the so-formed end thereof welded closed. The present invention, as shown in Figures 2-6, contemplates closing the end of metal tubing 112 extending from a container 110 by inserting a tubular sleeve or member 118 (see Figures 3 and 4) of brazing alloy within the metal tubing prior to the heating and crimping of the tubing. In carrying out the process for evacuating or pressurizing the container and sealing the tubing leading from the container, the tubular member 118 of brazing alloy is inserted within the tubing 112 in a tightly concentric fit. Fluid is delivered to or removed from the container 110 using a pump 120. The shut-off valve 130 located in the tubing 112 is then actuated to prevent leakage of fluid to or from the container. Next, crimps 140 are mechanically formed in the region 114 of the tubing 112. Region 114 spans a length of tubing which includes the alloy tubular member 118. The crimped region 114 is then heated to melt the braze alloy, and thereafter subjected to cooling (either active, as via forced air, or passive). As a result of this process, a metallurgical brazed joint is formed. Next, the tubing is cut at a crimp which lies outside the region 114 and which does not contain braze alloy (see crimp 150 in Figure 2). The brazed joints at the crimps 140 provide a secure tubing seal following cutting of the tubing at crimp 150, and especially during subsequent thermal processing. Examples of such further processing include diffusion bonding, hot isostatic pressing, etc. The braze alloy used in this process is chosen to be metallurgically compatible with the material of the tubing and all subsequent processing of the retort (e.g., elevated temperature, exposure, etc.). Following crimping of the region 114 and contained tubular member 118, heating of the region to melt the braze alloy may be carried out using a gas torch, an induction heating coil, or any other suitable heating medium. The present invention contemplates the use of brazing alloy in a cylindrical arrangement, as shown in phantom in Figure 3 and in Figure 4 at 118, and may be embodied as a ring or sleeve, a coating, a powder or a film secured or disposed on one inner surface of the tubing. The preferred configuration of the alloy 118 is as a ring or sleeve, as shown in Figure 4. The present invention contemplates providing the brazing alloy as a solid body, but such a configuration is not shown here. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the tubing 112 of Figure 2 in the crimping region 114 where the sleeve of brazing alloy is located. As shown in Figure 5, formation of the crimp 142 in the tubing 112 in turn creates opposed substantially flattened tubing "inner wall surfaces" 142a and 142b, each of which respectively carries an arrangement of the brazing alloy 118, now disposed in juxtaposed, touching relationship, such that when the brazing alloy is raised to a brazing temperature, the alloy melts and facilitates the creation of a metallurgical brazed joint.

Claims: A method for isolating the pressurized interior of a container (110) from the environment by sealing tubing (112) coupled to the container (110) before subjecting the container to a thermal treatment comprising the steps of: (1) providing a predetermined amount of brazing material inside a length (114) of said tubing (112); (2) forming a plurality of crimps (140;142) in a region of the tubing (112), said region encompassing said length (114); and (3) heating said region of said tubing (112) to a brazing material melting point, whereby said brazing material melts and flows to form a metallurgical weld at each said crimp (140;142). The method of claim 1, wherein said brazing material is provided concentrically inside said length (114) of tubing (112). The method of claim 1, wherein said brazing material has the form of a cylindrical member (118), and said step of providing a predetermined amount of brazing material includes inserting a tightly fitting cylindrical member (118) of said brazing material within said tubing (112). The method of claim 3, wherein said cylindrical member is solid. The method of claim 3, wherein said cylindrical member is hollow. The method of claim 1, wherein said tubing (112) is coupled between said container (110) and an evacuation pump (120), and further including the step of actuating the pump (120) to effect evacuation of said container (110), said actuating step being carried out before said step of forming a plurality of crimps (114) in said tubing (112). A sealable tubing member (112) adapted for connection to a pressurized container (110) housing a workpiece where the container, tubing and workpiece will be subjected to a thermal treatment, said tubing member (112) being formed by a metallic material having a cylindrical configuration, and comprising: a layer of brazing material covering a length of the interior surface of said tubing member, said tubing member (112) comprising a plurality of crimps (140) formed in a region (114) which spans the length of the tubing member (112) which includes said layer of brazing material, whereby said crimps (140) are formed without destroying the brazing capability of said layer of brazing material. The sealable tubing member (112) of claim 7, wherein said layer of brazing material comprises a coating of brazing alloy adhered to said interior surface region. The sealable tubing member (112) of claim 7, wherein said layer of brazing material comprises a sleeve member (118), or wherein said layer of brazing material comprises a deposit of powder.

Inventors: BRUNKEN RONALD D, BRUNKEN, RONALD D.
Applicants: ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP, ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F16L55
IPC codes: B23K1, F16L55