PARALLEL RESONANT BALLAST WITH BOOST

Abstract: A ballast for operating gas discharge lamps has a voltage boost (10), a half-bridge inverter (14) and a parallel resonant circuit (16). An inverter control (12) inhibits operation of the inverter when power is initially applied to the ballast.

Description: PARALLEL RESONANT BALLAST WITH BOOST Background of the Invention Electronic ballasts for powering a gas discharge lamp must provide a high power factor, low total harmonic distortion, and a high efficiency. Simultaneously, the ballasts must be economical to manufacture. Additionally, the ballast must start the lamp quickly. Electronic ballasts convert AC (alternating current) power at a relatively low frequency (approximately 60 Hz [hertz]) to AC power at a relatively high frequency. In order to attain good lamp life, the AC power supplied to the gas discharge lamp should be sinusoidal. A resonant circuit is used to attain the sinusoidal power for the lamps. Two types of resonant circuits are the series resonant circuit and the parallel resonant circuit. A series resonant circuit has an inductor in series with a capacitor. A parallel resonant circuit has an inductor in parallel with a capacitor. The inductance of the inductor and the capacitance of the capacitor are selected so that the resonant circuit resonates at a select, high frequency, usually on the order of 30 KHz (kilohertz) . Ballasts with parallel resonant circuits are generally less expensive to build than ballasts with series resonant circuits. However, parallel resonant circuits are less efficient than the series resonant circuits, due to high losses if the voltage across the parallel resonant circuit is low. Therefore, a ballast using a parallel resonant circuit which attains a high power factor and low total harmonic distortion is desirable. Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for a ballast using a parallel resonant circuit. Description of the Circuit Diagram FIG. 1 shows a ballast for powering a pair of gas discharge lamps from a source of AC power (not shown) coupled to the ballast at terminals 8. Referring generally to FIG. 1, boost circuit 10 has its input connected to terminals 8, and thus to a source of AC power. Terminals 8 are disconnectably coupled to the AC power source, in most cases by a switch. The output of boost circuit 10 provides high DC voltage power to the input of inverter 14. Inverter control 12 inhibits operation of inverter 14 until boost circuit 10 produces a sufficiently high voltage to strike the lamps. Inverter 14, in conjunction with current feed inductor 20, supplies high frequency AC power to parallel resonant tank circuit 16. Parallel resonant tank circuit 16 converts the high frequency AC power into sinusoidal AC power, and powers gas discharge lamps 68, 70. Referring to FIG. 1 in more detail, terminals 8 connect an AC power source to the circuit. Boost circuit 10 (with overshoot) has its inputs coupled to terminals 8. A high voltage is required at startup in order to strike the lamps. Therefore, boost circuit 10 provides an "overshoot", i.e., the output of boost circuit 10 is very high at startup to assist in striking the lamps. After startup, boost circuit 10 provides at its output a voltage higher than the peak of the AC voltage provided at terminals 8. A boost circuit with overshoot is explained in more detail in a patent issued to Konopka, U.S. 5,191,263, which is incorporated herein by reference. However, operation of boost circuit 10 is not instantaneous. After terminals 8 are connected to an AC power source, there is a short period of time before the output of boost circuit 10 is sufficient to strike the lamps. During that period of time, operation of inverter 14 is inhibited. Boost circuit 10 is coupled to current feed inductor 20. Since a parallel-resonant circuit 63 is used, a current source is required for proper, operation. Such a current source is provided by current feed inductor 20. Capacitor 22, coupled in parallel with the current feed inductor 20, eliminates "ringing" due to leakage of the current feed inductor. "Ringing" is subharmonic oscillations of the current feed inductor that could disrupt other components of the ballast. Resistors 24, 26 form a voltage divider network, with node 25 as the output of the voltage divider network. Diac 34 couples node 25 with inverter 14. At start-up, the voltage at node 25 is insufficient to cause diac 34 to conduct. When the voltage output of boost circuit 10 is sufficiently high, diac 34 breaks down. By changing the values of resistors 24, 26, the voltage at node 25 can be adjusted to facilitate breaking down of diac 34. - A - When diac 34 breaks down, resistor 28, coupled between diac 34 and the lower rail of the ballast, limits the current through the diac. Capacitor 30, coupled to node 25 through resistor 28, is charged during the time period before inverter 14 begins to operate. After diac 34 breaks down, energy stored in capacitor 30 is released through resistor 28 and diac 34 into inverter 14. The energy stored in capacitor 30 starts inverter 14. Diode 32, coupled between node 25 and inverter 14, maintains the voltage at node 25 at a nominal level after inverter 14 begins to operate. Diode 32 has its anode coupled to the transistor junction between transistors 38, 48 and its cathode to node 25. Inverter 14 is a self-oscillating, half-bridge inverter. Transistors 38 and 48 are coupled between the upper rail and the lower rail of the ballast. Transistors 38, 48 are periodically turned on and off at an approximately 50% duty cycle. Transistor 38 is on (i.e., conducting) when transistor 48 is off (i.e., not conducting) , and vice versa. Transistors 38, 48 are turned off and on with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of parallel resonant tank circuit 16. Transistor 38 is controlled by a tank circuit composed of resistor 40 in parallel with capacitor 42 and winding 45. Transistor 48 is controlled by a tank circuit composed of resistor 44 in parallel with capacitor 46 and winding 47. Winding 47 has opposite polarity of winding 45. Diodes 36, 50 are connect in parallel across transistors 38, 48, respectively, in order to allow current to flow around the transistors if that transistor is off. Parallel resonant tank circuit 16 has capacitor 61 in parallel with primary winding 62 of transformer 63. The capacitance of capacitor 61 and the inductance of primary winding 62 are chosen so that the parallel resonant tank circuit oscillates at a frequency of around 30 KHz (kilohertz) . When parallel resonant tank 16 is in resonance, the current produced in secondary winding 65 of transformer 63 creates current in windings 45, 47. The current in winding 45 is 180 degrees out of phase with the current in winding 47. Thus, transistor 38 turns on when transistor 48 turns off, and transistor 48 turns on when transistor 38 turns off. Secondary winding 65 of transformer 63 is in parallel with lamps 68, 70. Ballasting capacitor 64 is in series with lamp 70, while ballasting capacitor 66 is in series with lamp 68. Ballasting capacitors 64, 66 limit the current through lamps 68, 70. Many changes may be made in the form and construction of the component parts in the aforesaid description without departing from the invention described herein. I claim:

Claims: Claims 1. A ballast for energizing at least one fluorescent lamp from an AC power source operating at a first frequency, including: terminals disconnectably coupled to the AC power source; a voltage boost, having an input and an output, the voltage boost input coupled to the AC power source, the output of the voltage boost being DC; an inverter, having an input and an output, the inverter input coupled to the output of the voltage boost, the inverter output having an AC voltage at a second frequency higher than the first frequency; and a parallel resonant circuit having an input and an output, the input of the parallel resonant circuit coupled to the inverter output, the output of the parallel resonant circuit being substantially sinusoidal, the output of the parallel resonant circuit coupled to at least one fluorescent lamp. 2. The ballast of claim 1 further comprising an inverter control for disabling operation of the inverter for a short duration when the terminals are initially connected to the AC power source. 3. The ballast of claim 2 where the inverter is a self resonant half-bridge inverter. 4. The ballast of claim 3 where the control includes a voltage divider network, such that the output of the voltage divider network controls the startup of the inverter. 5. The ballast of claim 4 where the voltage divider network includes a first resistor in series with a parallel arrangement of a second resistor and a series arrangement of a resistor and capacitor. 6. The ballast of claim 5 where the junction of the first resistor and the parallel arrangement is the output of the voltage divider network. 7. The ballast of claim 6 where the inverter includes at least one transistor, the transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector. 8. The ballast of claim 7 where the output of. the voltage divider network is coupled to the base of the transistor such that no current will flow from the collector to the emitter of the transistor until the boost has attained a sufficiently high voltage to strike the lamps. 9. A ballast for energizing at least one fluorescent lamp from an AC power source operating at a first frequency, including: terminals disconnectably coupled to the AC power source; a voltage boost, having an input and an output, the voltage boost input coupled to the AC power source, the output voltage of the boost being greater than the input of the voltage boost for a short duration of time during boost startup; a self-resonant half-bridge inverter, having an input and an output, the inverter input coupled to the output of the voltage boost, the inverter output an AC voltage at a second frequency higher than the first frequency; a parallel resonant circuit having an input and an output, the input of the parallel resonant circuit coupled to the inverter output, the output of the parallel resonant circuit being substantially sinusoidal, the output of the parallel resonant circuit coupled to at least one fluorescent lamp; an inverter control, comprising a voltage divider network including a first and second resistor, where the junction of the first and second resistor is the output of the inverter control, where the output of the inverter control is coupled to the base of a transistor of the half-bridge inverter, such that the operation of the inverter is delayed for a short duration during boost startup after the terminals are initially connected to the AC power source.

Inventors: NOTOHAMIPROPDJO HUBIE, NOTOHAMIPROPDJO, HUBIE
Applicants: MOTOROLA LIGHTING INC, MOTOROLA LIGHTING, INC., A SUBSIDIARY CORPORATION
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H05B37
IPC codes: H05B41