OPERATION DEVICE FOR CREW PROTECTION APPARATUS

Abstract: An operation device including an accelerometer (s) for outputting a signal relating to deceleration at the time of collision of a vehicle, a central processing unit (16) for calculating signals from the accelerometer (s), first and second memories (17), (18) disposed to be differently identified by the central processing unit (16), and an ignition circuit (6) for activating a crew protection apparatus on the basis of the signal from the central processing unit (16). The first memory (17) is a read-only memory to form a one-chip microcomputer (2) along with the central processing unit (16) and the second memory (18) is a writable memory. The first memory (17) stores an algorithm for calculating signals from the accelerometer (s) and the second memory (18) stores parameters used for the calculation. The parameters are numerical values determined after collision tests of the vehicle, are different from model to model of a vehicle and are specific numerals each corresponding to a specific model. In other words, the present invention is characterized in that those parameters which cannot be determined before the vehicle tests can later be written into an EEPROM as the second memory (18) which is separate from the first memory (17) such as a MASKROM of the one-chip microcomputer (2).

Description: The present invention relates to an actuation apparatus for actuating protective devices mounted on a vehicle for safety of vehicle occupants. More particularly, the present invention relates to the actuation apparatus which enables vehicles producted by process of mass production to be used for crash tests. The crash tests are done for obtaining parameters to be set in the actuation apparatus for actuating the protective devices. One actuation apparatus for actuating the protective devices mounted on a vehicle for safety vehicle occupants is known as prior art, which comprises an accelerometer which outputs a deceleration signal at a time of a crash, a central processing unit (CPU) for processing the signal received from the accelerometer and judging a severity of the crash, a MASK ROM connected to the CPU, and an ignition circuit for triggering the protective devices such as an air bag on the basis of a signal received from the CPU. The CPU and the MASK ROM are formed into a one-chip microcomputer. The MASK ROM includes an algorithm for judging on the severity of the crash and parameters different to each type of vehicles. The CPU judges the severity of the crash by such arithmetic operations as following the aforesaid algorithm using the aforesaid parameters. When the CPU judges that the severity of the crash requires an actuation of the protective devices, an actuating signal is fed to the protective devices. In prior art, both aforesaid algorithm and parameters are written on the MASK ROM which is a read only memory. The writing task is carried out by masking during processes for manufacturing the MASK ROM. It takes a long period to design a circuit on the one-chip microcomputer on which the algorithm together with the parameters will be masked. Further, it takes a long period to manufacture the one-chip microcomputer. It is common to take a few months for the one-chip microcomputer to be completed. It takes another three months or so to test a reliability of the one-chip microcomputer as an integrated circuit (IC ). After the reliability of the one-chip microcomputer is assured, preparations for the mass production of the vehicle will be started. The mass-producted vehicle will be equipped with the actuation apparatus for actuating the protective devices having the aforesaid one-chip microcomputer. By the way, in order to preset parameters for various types of vehicles, data have to be obtained from crash tests. As the case may be, more than twenty vehicles have to be subjected to the crash tests to each one type of the vehicle. All vehicles subjected to the crash tests are trial products because the crash tests are done within 2-6 months before necessary preparations for the mass production of the vehicle as described above. Here is one trouble wherein a cost of one trial product is very expensive as compared with a cost of one vehicle producted by process of mass production. Therefore, it would result in high costs to determine parameters by the crash tests. Document WO-A-92/0311 describes an actuation apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1. In particular, document WO-A-92/0311 describes a firing control device for triggering a safety device, comprising a plurality of firing pellets, an ignition circuit, a processor for controlling the safety device and a PROM memory. In view of the above-described problem, the primary object of the invention is providing an actuation apparatus for actuating a protective device for safety of vehicle occupants, which enables to determine parameters by crash tests using vehicles produced by process of mass production, and in providing an actuation apparatus for actuating a protective device for safety of vehicle occupants, which enables a period required for a development of a new model to be shortened and enables a cost of the development to be drastically curtailed. This object is solved by an actuation apparatus as set in claim 1. Further advantageous developments are described in the dependent claims. Especially it is characteristic of the present invention that one memory means for the central processing unit is divided in the first memory and a second memory. The first memory is a read only memory, which constitutes a one-chip microcomputer together with the central processing unit. The first memory is formed as a MASK ROM of the one-chip microcomputer. An algorithm for computing the signal received from the accelerometer has been preset in the first memory formed as the MASK ROM. The algorithm preset in this MASK ROM can be decided without crash tests because it is common to all types of the vehicle. The second memory is a writable memory in which parameters used during the aforesaid computing are preset. These parameters in the second memory have to be determined by crash tests because these parameters vary according to types of the vehicle. Accordingly, these parameters in the second memory are specific values correspond to a specific type of the vehicle. In other words, there is a significant disadvantage where these parameters cannot be determined until the crash tests are done. The present invention solves this problem by such means of the second memory as the parameters can be written on even after the assembling of the one-chip microcomputer. Thus the present invention permits the parameters to be determined by crash tests conducted with mass-produced vehicles. In addition to the aforesaid algorithm for computing the signal received from the accelerometer S, first parameters used during the aforesaid computing are preset in the first memory. These first parameters are used as a countermeasure after reading out the first memory when second parameters in the second memory cannot be read out from there. The first parameters constitute common parameters to all types of the vehicles and are distinguished from non-common parameters. The first parameters include such numbers as applied when the crash would bring serious injury upon vehicle occupants. The commom parameters can be predicted by data of the crash upon large number types of the vehicle. Second parameters which are specific values correspond to each specific type of the vehicle are preset in the second memory. The second parameters in the second memory are numbers which are determined by crash tests and vary according to types of the vehicle as described above. The first parameters are used after reading out from the first memory when the second parameters cannot be read out from the second memory. Thus, the present invention deals with the most of such crashes as require actuating of the protective devices by applying both the first and the second parameters. The second memory may be formed on another chip separated from and connected to the one-chip microcomputer. An EEPROM to be externally connected to the one-chip microcomputer is applicable to this case. Further, an algorithm for diagnosing the actuation apparatus may be preset in the first memory in addition to the aforesaid algorithm for computing the signal received from the accelerometer, and the results of diagnosis may be written into the second memory. Whereby, the memories are subject to both judging on the severity of the crash and diagnosing the actuation apparatus. Further more, in a case of comprising a communication interface connected to the one-chip microcomputer, the second parameters can be preset into the second memory through the communication interface, and the results of diagnosis in the second memory can be fed to an external device through the communication interface. Fig. 1 is a block diagram to help explain the construction of the actuation apparatus in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 shows the contents of data stored in the MASK ROM and the EEPROM. Fig. 3 is a flow diagram representing a program that tells the one-chip microcomputer what operations are to be performed. Fig. 4 is a flow diagram representing an algorithm. Fig. 5 is a graphical representation useful in understanding an algorithm. Figs. 6 and 7 are graphs useful in understanding a value to be subtracted from the amount of deceleration and a value below which the deceleration signal is chopped off, the respective aims of which will appear hereinafter. Fig. 8 is a graph useful in understanding threshold values for starting the protective device. Fig. 9 shows various portions of which the parameters consist. A preferred embodiment of the present invention is hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference will first be specifically made to the construction of this embodiment. In Fig. 1, an actuation apparatus for actuating protective devices for safety of vehicle occupants 1 is connected to protective devices having an airbag module 9 for a driver and an airbag module 10 for a passenger respectively. Numeral number 3 shows an ignition switch 3 which is connected to a battery (not shown) in a vehicle. An energy reserve capacitor 5 is connected to the ignition switch 3 through a step up DC/DC converter 4. Electric power with voltage increased by the step up DC/DC converter 4 is stored in the energy reserve capacitor 5. There are a squib driver 6 and a safing sensor 7 between the terminals of the energy reserve capacitor 5 in series with each other. Even if the squib driver 6 is in a drive state, the airbags will not inflate except when the safing sensor 7 closes the circuit. Thus the aim of the provision of the safing sensor 7 is to prevent the airbags from being inflated by mistake. Output terminals of the squib driver 6 are connected to squibs Q1 and Q2 incorporated in the driver airbag module 9 and the passenger airbag module 10 respectively. A portion of the line for connecting between the squib driver 6 and the squib Q1 consists of a clock spring 8, which is disposed in a transition section from a stationary part to a rotatable steering shaft in the vehicle and follows rotation of the steering shaft. The aforesaid construction avoids such instantaneous openings of the circuit as occur when a slip ring is used in this portion. Accordingly, the airbag can inflate whenever the crash occurs. Output signals from the one-chip microcomputer 2 are fed to the squib driver 6. The voltage 20 between terminals of each squib Q1 and Q2 is fed to a squib diagnostic circuit 14. Output signals from the squib diagnostic circuit 14 are fed to the one-chip microcomputer 2. Output signals from the accelerometer S which detects deceleration caused by the crash, are also fed to the one-chip microcomputer 2. The one-chip microcomputer 2 has a MASK ROM 17 integrately. Such a EEPROM 18 and a communication interface 15 as will appear hereinafter are connected to the one-chip microcomputer 2 . The numeral 70 refers to an alarm device appropriately provided in the interior of the vehicle. The numeral 11 and 12 refer to a selector device and a drop out voltage regulator respectively. The selector device 11 selects electrical energy from either the battery mounted on a vehicle or the energy reserve capacitor 5 and then supplies electrical energy to the drop out voltage regulator 12. The drop out voltage regulator 12 gives effect to the electrical energy so that low-voltage electric power for allowing the accelerometer S and the one-chip microcomputer 2 to properly work may be supplied thereto. The numeral 13 and 19 refer to a power on reset circuit and a watchdog timer 19 respectively. They detect the one-chip microcomputer 2 overrunning and adjust it. Each of the airbag modules 9 and 10 includes the squib Q1 or Q2, a gas generator (not shown) incorporating the squib, an airbag connected to the gas generator. When the squib incorporated in the gas generator is heated by current flowing through it, the gas generator generates gas and then the gas inflate the airbag so as to save vehicle occupants. Reference will now be specifically made to the functions of the squib driver 6 and the squib diagnostic circuit 14. The squib driver 6 normally keeps an actuation circuit open. This actuation circuit consists of the squibs Q1 and Q2, which are connected in parallel to each other, and the safing sensor 7. On receipt of an actuation signal from the one-chip microcomputer 2, the squib driver 6 closes the actuation circuit while the safing sensor 7 also closes the actuation circuit because of the crash so as to supply electric power stored in the energy reserve capacitor 5 to the squibs Q1 and Q2. The voltage 20 between the terminals of each squib Q1 and Q2 is fed to the squib diagnostic circuit 14. The voltage 20 is measured on bases of diagnostic current input into the squib driver 6. The voltage 20 undergoes electrical treat there and then are output to the one-chip microcomputer 2. Reference will now be specifically made to the details of the one-chip microcomputer 2 and the EEPROM 18. The one-chip microcomputer 2 is a single chip which unifies the functions of the central processing unit (CPU) 16, MASK ROM 17 corresponding to a first memory, I/O port (not shown), etc. Principally, the one-chip microcomputer 2 is used as control means. As shown in Fig. 2, the MASK ROM 17 is a read only memory and in which an algorithm for judging on the severity of the crash, first parameters for use in arithmetic operation in accordance with the aforesaid algorithm, and an algorithm for diagnosing the actuation apparatus its are preset. As will appear hereinafter, the first parameters constitute common parameters to all types of the vehicle and are distinguished from non-common parameters. The first parameters include such numbers as applied when the crash would bring serious injury upon vehicle occupants. The EEPROM 18 corresponding to a second memory is a read only memory, however in which data can be electrically deleted and written with a specific means by 1 byte as a unit. And as shown in Fig. 2, the second parameters is preset in the EEPROM 18, and data concerning to the crash and the results of diagnosis will be written into the EEPROM 18. As will appear hereinafter, the second parameters are numbers which are determined by crash tests and vary according to types of the vehicle. In the second memory 18, specific numbers correspond to one specific type of the vehicle are preset. In this embodiment, the EEPROM 18 is mounted on another chip separate from the one-chip microcomputer 2. As an alternative arrangement to the above, the EEPROM 18 may be mounted on the one-chip microcomputer 2. The object of the present invention can also be achieved in this alternative arrangement, because the second parameters can be written into the EEPROM 18 even after the assembling of the one-chip microcomputer 2. Referring again to Fig. 1, diagnosing function of the present invention will be described. The central processing unit 16 periodically supplies a feeble diagnosing current to the squib driver 6 on the basis of the aforesaid algorithm for diagnosing and judges whether the actuation apparatus 1 is out of order or not on the basis of the signal received from the squib diagnostic circuit 14. The results of diagnosis are memorized in the EEPROM 18 while the central processing unit 16 actuates the alarm device 70 so as to make the trouble known to vehicle occupants when the actuation apparatus 1 is found to be out of order. Further, data on the results of diagnosis can be fed to an external device through the communication interface 15. The prior actuation apparatus is also equipped with such the aforesaid diagnosing function and such the aforesaid one-chip microcomputer 2 with the aforesaid EEPROM 18 for diagnosing. Therefore, for judging on the severity of a crash, the actuation apparatus of the present invention applies such an one-chip microcomputer 2 and a EEPROM 18 for diagnosing as are attached to the prior art actuation apparatus. This means saves a cost of manufacturing the actuation apparatus because the algorithm and parameters for judging on the severity of the crash have only to be additionally written on such an one-chip microcomputer 2 and a EEPROM 18 for diagnosing as are attached to the prior art actuation apparatus. Reference will now be specifically made to the function of a judgment on the severity of the crash. In the central processing unit 16, the deceleration signal received from the accelerometer S undergoes arithmetically processes in accordance with the algorithm for judging on the severity of a crash using the first parameters preset in the MASK ROM 17 and the second parameters preset in the EEPROM 18. (A means for writing the second parameters into the EEPROM 18 will appear hereinafter.) A trigger signal 19 is fed to the squib driver 6 when judging enough severity of the crash to require the actuation. Data on how matters stood at the time of the crash are written into the EEPROM 18. As occasion demands, these crash data can be fed from the EEPROM 18 to an external device through the communication interface 15. Reference will now be specifically made to the most important feature of the invention, which is a means for writing the second parameters into the EEPROM 18. These second parameters vary according to types of the vehicle and, therefore, have to be obtained from crash tests. In accordance with the present invention, the second parameters can be written into the EEPROM 18 even after the actuation apparatus 1 is mounted on the vehicle with the protective device. Therefore, the vehicle can be assembled applying the EEPROM 18 into which the second parameters has not been written yet. After the assembling of the vehicle, the second parameters are written into the EEPROM 18 through an external communication interface (not shown). The external communication interface is only subject to writing tasks and can work only when the external communication interface is connected to the communication interface 15 incorporated in the actuation apparatus 1. One external communication interface is provided to each types of the vehicle. Name about type of the vehicle is indicated on outside surface of each external communication interface. This would serve the purpose of preventing an error caused from writing the second parameters which does not match a type of the vehicle into the EEPROM 18. After the confirmation of the contents of data written into the EEPROM 18, the EEPROM 18 is sealed so as to prevent data from being further written thereinto. Thus there is an important feature of the present invention in the point where the process of writing the second parameters into the EEPROM 18 can be separated from the processes for manufacturing the one-chip microcomputer 2 completely. The manufacturing the one-chip microcomputer 2 has to be completed before the vehicle begins to be mass-produced. Therefore, the present invention permits to begin mass-producing the vehicle applying the actuation apparatus incorporating the EEPROM 18 into which the second parameters has not been written yet. And the mass-produced vehicles mounted by the actuation apparatus are subject to crash tests in order to obtain the second parameters. And then the second parameters obtained from the crash tests are written into the EEPROM 18 incorporated in the actuation apparatus through the external communication interface. As a result of that, number of experimental models used for crash tests is minimized. The experimental model is handmade and expensive. Therefor, the present invention enables cost for the development of a new model to decrease. Further, a period of time required for the manufacture of the one-chip microcomputer 2 is drastically shortened because the process of writing the second parameters into the EEPROM 18 is separated from the processes for manufacturing the one-chip microcomputer 2 completely so as to write the second parameters after the start of the mass production of the vehicle. It takes a long period of time to determining the second parameters since the second parameters are obtained from the crash tests. As a result of that, a period of time required for the development of a new model can also be drastically shortened. More further, the protective device can be standardized irrespective of types of the vehicle on which the protective device is to be mounted because second parameters varying according to types of the vehicle can be written into the EEPROM 18 after the protective device is mounted on the vehicle. Quality control is facilitated by this advantage. Reference will now be specifically made to Figs. 3 to 5 which are useful in understanding the algorithm for judging on the severity of the crash. Referring to Fig. 3, arithmetic operations begin (step #1), and the first parameters are read out from the MASK ROM (step #2). Then the second parameters are read out from the EEPROM (step #3), and determination is performed on whether the reading out from the EEPROM has been properly done or not (step #4). When the reading out is found to have been properly done, the algorithm is executed with the first and second parameters (step #5). On the other hand, the algorithm is executed with only the first parameters when the reading out from the EEPROM is not found to have been properly done (step #6). The contents of the aforesaid algorithm will now be described. Referring to Fig. 4, a deceleration processed by a low-pass filter is fetched, and outputted as a deceleration signal a (step #11). A offset value a 0 is subtracted from the deceleration signal a and the result of this subtraction is compared with a prescribed value A 1 . When the result of the subtraction is greater than or equal to A 1 , the subtracted deceleration A is defined as being equal to a - a 0 and, when the result of the subtraction is less than A 1 , the subtracted deceleration A is defined as being equal to A 1 regardless of the actual result of the subtraction (step #12). This is cutting off process. Then a velocity V is calculated by integrating the subtracted deceleration A with respect to time (step #13). The velocity V is compared with threshold values V 1 and V 2 which are prescribed values for ranges I and II respectively . The ranges I and II will appear hereinafter. And variation of the velocity Δ V/Δ t is compared with a threshold value A 2 (step #14). A combination of the results of these comparisons is used for judging on the severity of the crash. AND condition, OR condition or a condition with weighting factor can be applied for making the combination. Here is an example of the combination as follows: In the range I, a trigger signal is output when the velocity V is greater than or equal to the threshold value V 1 , and in the range II, the trigger signal is outputted when the velocity V is greater than or equal to the threshold value V 2 and furtherΔ V/Δ t is greater than or equal to the threshold value A 2 (step #15). In the range I, the trigger signal is not output when the velocity V is less than the threshold value V 1 and, in the range II, the trigger signal is not outputted when the velocity V is less than the threshold value V 2 or Δ V/Δ t is less than the threshold value A 2 . In the cases of outputting no trigger signal, the results of arithmetic operations are reset and the processing returns to step #12 (step #16). The aforesaid offset value a 0 , prescribed value A 1 , the threshold values V 1 , the threshold values V 2 , and threshold value A 2 are defined as parameters. The contents of the aforesaid algorithm will now be described with reference to graphs in Fig. 5(a)-Fig. 5(d). Fig. 5(a) shows an example of the deceleration signal a obtained from a head-on crash with high speed. The deceleration signal a has been processed by the low-pass filter. A positive value is set as the offset value a 0 in Fig. 5(a). Fig. 5(b) shows the subtracted deceleration A. The subtracted deceleration A is the result of such a subtraction as subtracts the offset value a 0 from the deceleration signal a and regarded as A 1 when the result of the subtraction is less than the prescribed value A 1 . Fig. 5(c) shows the velocity V which is the result of such a integration as integrates the subtracted deceleration A with respect to time t after a time point t'. Time point t' means the time when the subtracted deceleration A exceeds a prescribed threshold value (not shown). Fig. 5(d) shows the velocity V after the time point t'. The velocity curves V concerning three types of the crash are shown in Fig. 5(d). In case of the aforesaid head-on crash with high speed (61), the velocity V exceeds the threshold value V 1 prescribed for the range I at a point 64. Therefore, the trigger signal is output. In case of a head-on crash with intermediate speed (62), the velocity V exceeds the threshold value V 2 prescribed for the range II at a point 65 and the variation of the velocity V/Δ t also exceeds the threshold value A 2 at the point 65. Therefore, the trigger signal is output as well. A curve 63 represents the velocity V obtained from a head-on crash with low speed, which does not require the actuation. The details of the aforesaid parameters will now be described with reference to Figs. 6 to 9. The parameters are numbers for use in arithmetic operations to be performed on the basis of the algorithm for judging on the severity of the crash. As shown in Fig. 9, the whole 80 of parameters for a specific type of the vehicle consists of parameters 81 common to all types of the vehicle and parameters 82 varying according to types of the vehicle. The parameters 81 common to all types of the vehicle can be estimated on the basis of data obtained from crash tests conducted in the past with many types of the vehicle. These common parameters are applicable to about 80 % of all types of the crash including the crash with high speed which causes a serious injury upon vehicle occupants. The parameters 82 varying according to types of the vehicle consist of values such as correction factors for the fine adjustment of the common parameters 81 so as to be suited to a specific type of the vehicle. Accordingly, the parameters 82 are determined by crash tests conducted with a specific type of the vehicle. The un-common parameters 82 are applicable to the remaining 20 % of all types of the crash. The un-common parameters 82 fall under the aforesaid second parameters preset in the EEPROM 18 in Fig. 1, while the common parameters 81 fall under the aforesaid first parameters preset in the MASK ROM 17. The aforesaid value a 0 , etc. are just some of examples about the parameters. The following description will be presented for the purpose of giving a concrete explanation of the value a 0 , etc. In case where the threshold value V 1 is given by a functional equation such as V = -bt' + c which will appear hereinafter, concrete numerical values such as the coefficient -b and the constant c correspond to some of parameters. As shown in Fig. 6, the offset value a 0 is set for the deceleration signal a , and further a prescribed value Δ a = A 1 is set for offset value a 0 . As aforesaid, the offset value a 0 is subtracted from the deceleration signal a after, the subtracted deceleration signal less than the prescribed value A 1 are cut off so as to be regarded as the value A 1 . The aim of subtracting the value a 0 from the deceleration signal a is to keep noise down and thereby prevent wrong operations. The aim of cutting off the subtracted deceleration signal less than A 1 is to make a sharp distinction between the head-on crash with low speed and the head-on crash with intermediate or high speed. If the deceleration signal a is integrated after a mere subtraction of the value a 0 therefrom without cutting off, the integrated value (velocity) will be negative value at a crack 66 of the deceleration signal's waveform. So that, total amount of the integrated value is too small to make the sharp distinction between the head-on crash with low speed and the head-on crash with intermediate or high speed in the early stage of the crash. However, the aforesaid cutting off the deceleration signal results in making the crack of the deceleration signal's waveform shallow and thereby making the total amount of the integrated value large enough to make distinction between the head-on crash with intermediate or high speed and the head-on crash with low speed. As shown in Fig. 7, three offset values a 0 are set in view of the fact that the waveforms of deceleration signals caused by crashes vary according to rigidities of the vehicle body. Numerals 21, 22, 23 in Fig. 7 show the aforesaid three offset values a 0 respectively. Three values 21, 22 and 23 are set in consecutively decreasing order of magnitude in accordance with the consecutively decreasing order of rigidities of the vehicle body. By way of example, the largest value 21 is employed as the offset value a 0 common to all types of the vehicle and is preset in the MASK ROM as the value falling under the aforesaid first parameters. Numerical values for correcting the largest offset value 21 are preset in the EEPROM as the values falling under the aforesaid second parameters in order to turn largest offset value 21 into the value 22 or 23 suited to the rigidity of a specific vehicle body. In case of employing the largest value 21 as the offset value a 0 common to all types of the vehicle, there is a possibility of failing to actuate the protective device when a crash with the low speed or an oblique crash since their deceleration signal is small and their integrated value about deceleration signal is also small. While there is little possibility of failing to actuate the protective device when the head-on crash with high speed since its deceleration signal is large, and further when the head-on crash with high speed, there is little possibility that wrong operations are caused by noise. The prescribed value A 1 may be set in the same manner as the offset value a 0 or may be set as a uniform value for all types of the vehicle. In Fig. 8, curves 61, 62 and 63 represent velocities (i.e. integrated value about deceleration signal) at the time of head-on crashes with high speed, intermediate speed, and low speed respectively. Threshold values, with which the velocity V is compared, are set for ranges I and II respectively. The boundary between the ranges I and II agrees with the boundary between the initial half and the last half of the actuation required time in which the protective device should be actuated. By way of example, the threshold values set for the range I are represented by straight lines V 1 extending downwardly to the right as shown by the formula V = -bt' + c , while the threshold values set for the range II are represented by straight lines V 2 extending horizontally from the vicinity of the lower ends of the straight lines V 1 as shown by the formula V = V 2 . The threshold value A 2 , with which the variation of the velocity Δ V/Δ t is compared, is given as a variation value at the time point when the velocity V exceeds the threshold values V 2 set for the range II, which are represented by the formula Δ V/Δ t = A 2 . The provision of the threshold values V 1 , V 2 and A 2 is a distinct advantage. In case of the head-on crash with high speed, the velocity V represented by the curve 61 exceeds the threshold value V 1 at a time point 64, and the protective device can be actuated in the actuation required time. In case of the head-on crash with intermediate speed, the velocity V represented by the curve 62 exceeds the threshold value V 2 at a time point 65 andΔ V/Δ t also exceeds the threshold value A 2 at the time point 65. Consequently, the protective device can be actuated in the actuation required time. In case of the head-on crash with low speed, the velocity V represented by the curve 63 exceeds the threshold value V 2 at a time point 70 but Δ V/Δ t does not exceed the threshold value A 2 at the time point 70. Therefore, the protective device is not actuated although the time point 70 of the head-on crash with low speed is placed in close proximity to the time point 65 of the head-on crash with intermediate speed. Thus a sharp distinction can be made between the head-on crash with low speed and the head-on crash with intermediate speed. There is a reason for allowing the straight lines V 1 to extend downwardly to the right in the range I in the point where the protective device is thereby prevented from being prematurely actuated. As the above description, deceleration signal waves output at the time of the crash varies according to types of the vehicle and constructions of the vehicle body. Therefore, the threshold values V 1 , V 2 and A 2 are set in consecutively decreasing order of magnitude in accordance, e.g., with the consecutively decreasing order of rigidities of the vehicle body as denoted by the numerals 31 to 33, 41 to 43 and 51 to 53 respectively. By way of example, the largest values 31, 41 and 51 are employed as threshold values V 1 , V 2 and A 2 common to all types of the vehicle and are preset in the MASK ROM as the aforesaid first parameters. In case of the threshold value V 1 represented by the formula V 1 = -bt'+ c , such concrete numerical values as the coefficient -b and the constant c correspond to the aforesaid first parameters. Numerical values for adjusting the threshold values 31, 41 and 51 are preset in the EEPROM as the aforesaid second parameters so that the threshold values 31, 41 and 51 may turn into the threshold values suited to the rigidity of the specific vehicle body. In some case, threshold values common to all types of vehicles may be preset in the EEPROM together with the numerical values for adjusting the threshold values 31, 41 and 51. The largest threshold values 31, 41 and 51 employed as the values common to all types of the vehicle may possibly have an adverse effect of failing to actuate the protective device at the time of the head-on crash with intermediate speed. However, the largest threshold values 31, 41 and 51 make the actuation of the protective device at the time of the head-on crash with low speed to be almost impossible and further make the distinction between the head-on with high speed and the head-on with low speed to be definite. So, the largest threshold values 31, 41 and 51 are suitable for any types of the vehicle. There shall now be described functions of the apparatus of the invention in connection with Figs. 1 and 3. As shown in Fig. 1, the apparatus 1 is always in the state of being diagnosed. When the apparatus 1 is found to be out of order, the trouble is made known to the vehicle occupants while the results of diagnosis are memorized into the EEPROM 18. On receipt of a deceleration signal, as shown in Fig.3,the first parameters are read from the MASK ROM . Then the second parameters are read from the EEPROM. When the second parameters are properly read, the algorithm is executed with the second parameters so that the judgement suited to a specific type of the vehicle may be passed on the severity of the crash. On the other hand, when the second parameters are not properly read out, the algorithm is executed with the first parameters so that the severity of the crash may be judged. The case of using only the first parameters is not always suited to all types of the crash but is suited to the case of the head-on crash with high speed where no matter what kind of type the vehicle is, a serious injury is apt to be caused upon vehicle occupants. The actuation apparatus of the present invention allows the second parameters to be written into the EEPROM even after the assembling of the one-chip microcomputer. This means allows the crash tests for determining the second parameters to be done using mass-produced vehicles. So that, costs for setting parameters can be drastically curtailed thereby. Further, when the second parameters can not be read from the EEPROM, the first parameters preset in the MASK ROM is used for preventing a serious injury from being caused upon vehicle occupants. Referring again to Fig. 1, data on how matters stood at the time of the crash are memorized in the EEPROM 18. These data, together with the aforesaid results of diagnosis, are fed to an external device through the communication interface 15 and utilized for analysis. In case of a highly reliable EEPROM used in the actuation apparatus of the invention, only algorithms will have to be preset in the MASK ROM. The present invention is suited for actuating the protective device such as an air bag and mounted on the automobile which can be mass-produced and frequent model changes. The present invention may be muted on the motor vehicle as well. The present invention is suited for actuating such the protective device as applying a pre-tensioning device for a seat belt as well as the protective device such as an air bag.

Claims: An actuation apparatus ( 1 ) for actuating the protective device for the safety of vehicle occupants, comprising: an accelerometer ( S ) which outputs a deceleration signal at the time of a crash; a central processing unit ( 16 ) in which the signal received from the accelerometer ( S ) undergoes arithmetic operations; a MASKROM ( 17 ) which is a read only memory and constitutes a one-chip microcomputer ( 2 ) together with said central processing unit ( 16 ), in which an algorithm for the signal received from the accelerometer ( S ) undergoing said arithmetic operations is preset; an EEPROM ( 18 ) for said central processing unit ( 16 ), which is a writable memory; an ignition circuit ( 6 ) for actuating the protective device on the basis of a signal received from said central processing unit ( 16 ); and parameters for use in said arithmetic operations, which are preset in said MASKROM ( 17 ) and said EEPROM ( 18 ); characterized in that said parameters are divided into two kinds of the parameter, one of said kind of the parameter is used during an initial half of an actuation required time while other of said kind of the Parameter is used during a late half of the actuation required time, said initial half of an actuation required time is a first range ( I ) for a crash with high speed and said late half of the actuation required time is a second range ( II ) for a crash with intermediate or low speed, said parameters used during at least said second range ( II ) consist of first parameters ( 17 ) such as common threshold values common to all types of the vehicle with being preset in said MASKROM ( 17 ) and second parameters for adjusting said common threshold values so as to turn into values suited to a specific type of the vehicle with being preset in said EEPROM ( 18 ), and when the second parameters can not be read out from said EEPROM ( 18 ), said first parameters read out from said MASKROM ( 17 ) are used for such a crash as be apt to cause a serious injury upon vehicle occupants while preventing a male-function at the time of such a crash as be hardly to cause a serious injury upon vehicle occupants. An actuation apparatus as defined in claim 1, characterized in that said EEPROM ( 18 ) is mounted on a another chip separate from and connected to said one-chip microcomputer ( 2 ) constituted by said central processing unit ( 16 ). An actuation apparatus as defined in claim 1, characterized in that an algorithm for diagnosing said actuation apparatus ( 1 ) is preset in said MASKROM ( 17 ) and the results of diagnosis are written into said EEPROM ( 18 ) . An actuation apparatus as defined in any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising a communication interface ( 15 ) connected to said central processing unit ( 16 ).

Inventors: SHIRAISHI HIDEHIRO, SHIRAISHI, HIDEHIRO, SHIRAISHI, Hidehiro, Sensor Tech. Co. Ltd. Kobe,
Applicants: AUTOLIV JAPAN LTD, AUTOLIV JAPAN LTD.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B60R21
IPC codes: B60R21