Drip irrigation hose

Abstract: A drip irrigation hose comprises an elongated water supply passage (12) having a large cross sectional area and an elongated flow regulating passage (13) secured to the water supply passage. The flow regulating passage has a small flow regulating cross sectional area formed by spaced apart longitudinal side walls (16,17,18,19). A plurality of spaced inlets (20) connect the flow regulating passage (13) to the water supply passage and a plurality of spaced outlets (21) connect the flow regulating passage (13) to the exterior of the hose. A laminar flow section is formed along the length of the flow regulating passage (13) by smooth interior surfaces on the side walls and a turbulent flow section is formed by chevron-shaped interior surfaces. A thin strip (15) is responsive to the pressure in the water supply passage (12) for reducing the cross sectional area of the laminar flow section with increasing pressure so as to compensate for the effect of pressure changes on the drip flow rate of the hose.

Description: This invention relates to drip irrigation, and more particularly to a drip irrigation hose with pressure compensation. Drip irrigation hose can be classified as having either discrete emitters or continuous integral emitters. An example of discrete emitters is shown in US Patent No. 4,850,531. An example of continuous integral laminar flow emitters is shown in US Patent No. 4,247,051. US-A-3,870,236 discloses a drip irrigation hose comprising: an elongated water supply passage having a large cross-sectional area; an elongated flow regulating passage secured to the interior of the water supply passage, the flow regulating passage having a small flow regulating cross-sectional area; a plurality of spaced inlets to the flow regulating passage from the water supply passage; and a plurality of spaced outlets from the flow regulating passage to the exterior of the hose. A design objective of drip irrigation hose is uniformity of the drip rate from each emitter. Since the water pressure in a drip irrigation system varies as a function of elevation of the field, it is customary to incorporate a pressure regulating mechanism into the emitters. Turbulent flow rate is less sensitive to pressure variation than laminar flow rate. Accordingly, it has been common practice for drip irrigation hose to employ serpentine flow regulating passages as continuous integral emitters to promote turbulent flow. An example of such drip irrigation hose is disclosed in US Patent No. 4,984,739. According to the invention there is provided a drip irrigation hose comprising: an elongated water supply passage having a large cross sectional area; an elongated flow regulating passage secured to the water supply passage, the flow regulating passage having a small flow regulating cross sectional area; a plurality of spaced inlets to the flow regulating passage from the water supply passage; and a plurality of spaced outlets from the flow regulating passage to the exterior of the hose; characterised in that the cross-section of the flow regulating passage is formed by: a portion of the water supply passage; a pair of spaced apart longitudinal side walls attached to the water supply passage and comprising rail portions extending radially from spaced apart longitudinal side wall portions which extend along the water supply passage in a direction parallel to that of the rail portions; and a flow modulating strip connected across the rail portions of the side walls; wherein a laminar flow section is formed along the length of the flow regulating passage by smooth interior surfaces on the rail portions of the side walls; wherein a turbulent flow section is formed along the length of the flow regulating passage by chevron-shaped interior surfaces on the side wall portions of the side walls; and wherein the flow modulating strip is responsive to the pressure in the water supply passage for reducing the cross sectional area of the laminar flow section with increasing pressure so as to compensate for the effect of pressure changes on the drip flow rate of the hose. The features of a specific embodiment of the best mode contemplated of carrying out the invention are illustrated in the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is schematic side view of apparatus for manufacturing drip irrigation hose incorporating principles of the invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view through plane 2-2 in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional view through plane 3-3 in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a sectional view through plane 4-4 in Figure 1; Figure 5 is a sectional view through plane 5-5 in Figure 1; Figure 6 is a sectional view taken through a drip irrigation hose manufactured by the apparatus of Figure 1; and Figure 7 is a longitudinal section view taken through the flow regulating passage of Figure 6. In Figure 6 a continuous strip 10 of flexible water impervious plastic film is folded longitudinally so its margins overlap. The overlapping margins are sealed together by a molten plastic bead 11 made of compatible plastic material to form a hose. Alternatively, the margins of strip 10 could be heated and directly bonded together if desired. Typically, strip 10 is of the order of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm (4 to 15 mil) in thickness. The interior surface of the hose defines a relatively large water supply passage 12. A much smaller flow regulating passage 13 is defined in part by a portion 14 of strip 10 and a thin continuous flow modulating strip 15 of plastic film and in part by sidewalls 16,18 and 17,19. Strip 15 is more flexible than strip 10. Thus, strip 15 deflects more than strip 10 responsive to water pressure. Typically, strip 15 is thinner and/or more elastomeric than strip 10. By way of example, strip 15 could be 0.1 mm (4 mil) thick plastic film composed of 50% LLDPE and 50% thermoplastic elastomer. Molded plastic outer rail portions 16 and 17 of the sidewalls extend inwardly from the surface of strip 10 to connect strip 10 to strip 15 along the length of the hose. Rail portions 16 and 17 have smooth straight interior surfaces. Molded plastic inner portions 18 and 19 of the sidewalls extend inwardly from the surface of strip 10 along the length of the hose parallel to rail portions 16 and 17, but are spaced from strip 15. Sidewall portions 18 and 19 have adjacent saw toothed or chevron shaped surfaces that are designed to induce turbulent flow. The chevrons each have overlapping offset peaks (Figure 7) so all the fluid flowing between sidewall portions 18 and 19 must change direction at each peak. Sidewall portions 18 and 19 therefore form a turbulent flow section along the length of flow regulating passage 13. The chevrons also have roots that are aligned with the smooth surfaces of rail portions 16 and 17. By virtue of the smooth surfaces of rail portions 16 and 17, the space between the top of sidewall portions 18 and 19 and the surface of strip 15 defines a laminar flow section adjacent to and in fluid communication with the turbulent flow section. The plastic of strip 15, rail portions 16 and 17 and inner portions 18 and 19 of the sidewalls is also compatible with the plastic of strip 10. As shown in Figure 7, flow regulating passage 13 extends continuously along the entire length of the hose, but is preferably divided into segments that have a repeating pattern. Each segment has an inlet 20 formed by interruptions in rail 17 near one end of the segment and an outlet 21 formed in strip 10 near the other end of the segment. Outlet 21 could be a hole or a slit. A transverse end wall 22 separates inlet 20 of one segment from outlet 21 of the adjacent segment. End walls 22 are the same thickness as sidewall rail portions 16 and 17, both of which form a seal with strip 15. As a result, the only route for water flow from water supply passage 12 to outlets 21 is through the turbulent flow sections in the laminar flow sections of flow regulating passages 13. As the pressure in water supply passage 12 increases, strip 15 is deflected toward the top surface of sidewall portions 18 and 19 to reduce the space between strip 15 and sidewall portions 18 and 19 and therefore the cross-sectional area of the laminar flow sections. This increases the ratio of turbulent flow to laminar flow, reduces the overall cross-sectional area of flow regulating passages 13, and tends to make the flow rate from the drip irrigation hose less dependent on pressure. To manufacture the described drip irrigation hose at an assembly station shown in Figure 1, continuous plastic strip 10 first passes an outlet forming station 30 where outlet slits or holes are made in the manner described in US Patent No. 5,123,984 or US Patent No. 5,522,551. Strip 10 is wrapped around a direction changing wheel 32, preparatory to passing an extruded 34, which deposits a pair of continuous molten plastic beads 35a and 35b on the interior surface of strip 10 on either side of outlets 21 (Figure 2). Beads 35a and 35b and strip 10 pass through the nip of a pattern or rib forming wheel 36 and a backing wheel 37 while still molten to form sidewall rail portions 16 and 17, inner sidewall portions 18 and 19, inlets 20, and transverse end walls 22, which are designated as a formed bead 35 (Figure 3). Preferably, forming wheel 36 is mounted on the same shaft as the outlet forming wheel at station 30. Strip 15 is fed from a roll or bin into the nip of forming wheels 38 and 39 with strip 10 and formed bead 35 while still molten (Figure 4) to bond strip 15 to rail portions 16 and 17 and end walls 22. After leaving the nip of form wheels 38 and 39, one margin of strip 10 is folded at a 90° angle by a film guide (not shown) in well known fashion and the other margin of strip 10 is folded 180° by a film guide to form a flat surface on which a continuous bead 42 is deposited by an extruded 43 (Figure 5). Thereafter, the other margin is folded onto bead 42 and the resulting seam passes through the nip of form wheels 44 and 45 to complete the drip irrigation hose. Strip 10 is supported on a surface (not shown) during the described construction of the drip irrigation hose.

Claims: A drip irrigation hose comprising: an elongated water supply passage (12) having a large cross sectional area; an elongated flow regulating passage (13) secured to the water supply passage, the flow regulating passage having a small flow regulating cross sectional area; a plurality of spaced inlets (20) to the flow regulating passage (13) from the water supply passage (12); and a plurality of spaced outlets (21) from the flow regulating passage (13) to the exterior of the hose; characterised in that the cross-section of the flow regulating passage is formed by: a portion of the water supply passage; a pair of spaced apart longitudinal side walls attached to the water supply passage and comprising rail portions (16,17) extending radially from spaced apart longitudinal side wall portions (18,19) which extend along the water supply passage in a direction parallel to that of the rail portions; and a flow modulating strip (15) connected across the rail portions of the side walls; wherein a laminar flow section is formed along the length of the flow regulating passage (13) by smooth interior surfaces on the rail portions of the side walls; wherein a turbulent flow section is formed along the length of the flow regulating passage by chevron-shaped interior surfaces on the side wall portions of the side walls; and wherein the flow modulating strip (15) is responsive to the pressure in the water supply passage (12) for reducing the cross sectional area of the laminar flow section with increasing pressure so as to compensate for the effect of pressure changes on the drip flow rate of the hose. The hose of Claim 1, in which the water supply passage (12) is formed by a continuous strip of plastic film (10) sealed together at its margins and the side walls extend inward from the strip. The hose of Claim 2, in which the chevron-shaped surfaces are adjacent to the water supply passage and the flow modulating strip (15) comprises a continuous strip of deflectable plastic film that seals the side walls such that the smooth surfaces are adjacent thereto, the deflectable plastic film being deflected toward the chevron-shaped surfaces with increasing pressure to reduce the cross sectional area of the laminar flow section. The hose of Claim 3, in which the smooth surfaces are aligned with the roots of the chevron-shaped surfaces. The hose of Claim 3, in which the deflectable flow modulating strip (15) is thinner than the strip (10) with the sealed margins. The hose of Claim 3, in which the deflectable flow modulating strip (15) is made from a material that is more elastomeric than the strip (10) with the sealed margins.

Inventors: DEFRANK MICHAEL, DEFRANK, MICHAEL
Applicants: T SYSTEMS INT INC, T-SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A01G25
IPC codes: B29C53, B29C65, A01G25