Plastic closure with compression molded sealing liner

Abstract: A plastic closure including a base wall having an inner surface, a peripheral skirt extending from the base wall and a liner on the inner surface of the base wall. The liner includes (a) an ethylene vinyl acetate composition, (b) a primary fatty acid amide and (c) a bis-fatty acid amide. Preferably the primary fatty acid amide comprises an oleamide or an erucamide, and the bis-fatty acid amide comprises ethylene-bis-stearamide.

Description: This invention relates to molded plastic closures and particularly to compression molded plastic closures having compression molded liners therein. Plastic closures have been commonly made by injection molding or compression molding. In plastic closures made by compression molding as shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,210,805, 4,343,754 and 4,418,828, it is also common to compression mold a sealing liner in place in the closure after the closure has been formed. Such sealing liners may comprise polyvinyl chloride plastic or thermoplastic elastomeric compositions. Polyvinyl chloride has a tendency to overheat during extrusion and further has inherent problems because of the removal torque when the sealing liner is used on a PET container. Thermoplastic polymeric compositions are most expensive and are more difficult to produce in that the compounding necessary results in inconsistent quality and consistency. Furthermore, such compositions produce problems of torque removal on glass containers. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,807,772 and 4,845,362 disclose a compression molded liner being made of a blend of polyethylene or polypropylene and thermoplastic elastomeric copolymer so that the liner is removable. As a result of the problems with both types of compositions, it has been necessary for a user to maintain costly inventories of closures with both types of sealing liners in order to accommodate use with both plastic and glass containers. In order to produce a satisfactory sealing liner that would be applicable to both plastic and glass containers, it must be necessary to not only formulate the composition but also consistently extrude and cut off charges of the composition for compression molding in apparatus such as shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,955,605, 4,080,136 and 4,277,431. The closure must also match other closure requirements including satisfactory removal torques, carbonation retention, and carbonation retention under load and satisfactory functioning on a container when cycled through environmental changes of temperature and humidity. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,984,703 (corresponding to EP-A-0 421 620) there is disclosed a compression molded plastic closure having a compression molded sealing liner which fulfills the requirements of a carbonated beverage closure and operates satisfactorily on both plastic and glass containers. When a plastic beverage cap has been provided with an ethylene vinyl acetate liner, it has been found that erratic high removal torques have been provided, the erratic high removal torques are not eliminated. Various efforts have been proposed as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,400,094, 3,406,854, and 4,463,116 that utilize lubricants but, as far as the present inventor knows, have been without success. Specification EP-A-0 521 426 describes compositions containing ethylene vinyl acetate and mixtures of fatty amides in the production of foils. Among the objectives of the present invention are to provide a plastic closure with a sealing liner that comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate composition and includes other components that provide for uniform removal torques; wherein the closure is useful in cold climate conditions with migration of the lubricant to the surface of the liner; wherein the liner can be compression molded in the plastic closure; or where the liner can be molded and then inserted in the closure. In accordance with the invention, a plastic closure includes a base wall having an inner surface, a peripheral skirt extending from the base wall and a liner on the inner surface of the base wall. The liner comprises (a) ethylene vinyl acetate composition, (b) a primary fatty acid amide and (c) a bis-fatty acid amide. The fatty acid amide comprises an oleamide or erucamide, and the bis-fatty acid amide preferably comprises ethylene-bis-stearamide. The oleamide or erucamide and the bis-fatty acid amide are preferably mixed before introduction into the ethylene vinyl acetate composition. The total amount of fatty acid amide and bis-fatty acid amide to the ethylene vinyl acetate is 0.5% - 1.5% by weight. The ratio of fatty acid amide to bis-fatty acid amide is preferably 50-50 by weight but may range between 25:75 and 75:25 by weight. The ethylene vinyl acetate composition comprises 85% - 94% by weight polyethylene and 6% - 15% by weight vinyl acetate. The plastic closure embodying the invention is made of suitable material such as polypropylene and comprises a base wall, a peripheral skirt having internal threads for engagement with complementary threads on a container and a sealing liner in the form of an annular shape at the juncture of the base wall and peripheral skirt. Such a closure may be of the type disclosed in United States patent 4,984,703 (EP-A-0 421 620), incorporated herein by reference. The closure may include tamper indicating means such as shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,418,828, 4,613,052 and 4,653,657. In accordance with the invention, the sealing liner comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate composition and a blend of a primary acid amide and bis-fatty acid amide, which are believed to function as lubricants. The oleamide or erucamide and the bis-fatty acid amide are preferably mixed before introduction into the ethylene vinyl acetate composition. The total amount of fatty acid amide and bis-fatty acid amide to the ethylene vinyl acetate is 0.5% - 1.5% by weight. The ratio of fatty acid amide to bis-fatty acid amide is preferably 50-50 by weight but may range between 25:75 and 75:25 by weight. The ethylene vinyl acetate composition comprises polyethylene as the major constituent and vinyl acetate and optionally includes antioxidants and pigments. Fatty acid amides are based on fatty saturated and unsaturated straight-chain, monobasic acids derived from naturally occurring feedstocks. Predominant chain lengths range from eighteen to twenty-two carbon atoms. The primary amides are waxy solids with melting points in the range of 68-108°C. Oleamide fatty acid amides comprise an unsaturated fatty primary amide derived from oleic acid wherein the major component is: CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 CONH 2 Such an oleamide has the following physical properties: TYPICAL PROPERTIES KEMAMIDE O Molecular weight 275 Density @ 130°C(266°F), g/mL 0.822 Density @ 160°F(71°C),g/mL 0.857 Viscosity @ 130°C,cP 5.5 Heat of fusion, kcal/mol 6.3 Flash point,°C,COC 245 Fire point,°C,COC 264 Erucamide fatty acid amides comprise unsaturated fatty primary amide derived from erucic acid wherein the major component is: CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 11 CONH 2 Such an erucamide has the following physical properties: TYPICAL PROPERTIES KEMAMIDE E Molecular weight 335 Density @ 130°C(266°F),g/mL 0.815 Density @ 160°F(70°C),g/mL 0.851 Viscosity @ 130°C,cP 6.4 Heat of fusion,kcal/mol 9.8 Flash point,°C,COC 262 Fire point,°C,COC 287 Ethylene bisamides are reaction products of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and ethylenediamine. A satisfactory fatty bisamide derived from stearic acid is: N,N'-ethylenebisstearamide when the major component is: where R = stearyl This fatty bisamide has the following properties: TYPICAL PROPERTIES KEMAMIDE W-40 Flash point,°C,COC 299 Fire point,°C,COC 315 Physical form Flake Only Another satisfactory fatty bisamide derived from oleic acid is N,N'-ethylenebisoleamide herein the major component is: where R = oleyl This fatty bisamide has the following properties: TYPICAL PROPERTIES KEMAMIDE W-20 Flash point,°C,COC 296 Fire point,°C,COC 315 Physical form Powder and pellet The ethylene vinyl acetate composition has a composition within the following ranges, by weight: Polyethylene 85% to 94% Vinyl acetate 6% to 15% The primary acid amide comprises either oleamide or erucamide. The bis-fatty acid amide preferably comprises an ethylene-bis-stearamide. The liner composition may include antioxidants and colorants as is conventionally used. In a preferred form, the primary acid amide and bis' fatty acid amide are mixed with a colorant and a carrier such as low density polyethylene and then this is provided for use with the ethylene vinyl acetate composition. In an early experiment, the resins used were as follows: RESIN MELT FLOW (gm/10 min) DENSITY (gm/cc) ACETATE% Dupont Elvax 750 7.0 0.930 9.0 Dupont Elvax 650 8.0 0.933 12.0 Dupont Elvax 550 8.0 0.935 15.0 Dupont Elvax 450 8.0 0.940 18.0 Elvax is a trademark of Dupont for ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The various lubricants used in such experiments were as follows: LUBRICANTS Kemamide U (oleamide) Kemamide E (erucamide) Kemamide W-40 (ethylene-bis-stearamide) Kemamide W-20 (ethylene-bis-oleamide) Kemamide is a trademark of Humko Chemical Division of Witco Corporation. As used herein, the components of the composition are abbreviated as follows: olea = oleamide eruc = erucamide EBS = ethylene bis stearamide EBO = ethylene bis oleamide In such an experiment testing for coefficient of friction (COF), mixtures of the additives intended to function as lubricants were provided as follows with the results indicated: ratio olea/eruc EBS/EBO EBS/eruc EBS/olea EBO/eruc EBO/olea 100/0 1.040 2.970 2.970 2.970 4.050 4.050 50/50 0.900 2.790 1.060 0.990 1.280 1.10 0/100 1.510 3.970 1.510 1.040 1.510 1.040 With the exception of the EBO/oleamide mixture, the binary mixtures exhibit lower coefficient of friction (COF) values than the individuals by themselves. This approach was extended in the erucamide and oleamide systems mixed with EBS and EBO to find the optimum ratio of the lubes that would give the minimum COF. The following tables show the result at 1% total concentration of lubricant with the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA): %EBS EBS/Oleamide and Erucamide Mixes COF (erucamide mix) - (oleamide mix) 0% 1.510 1.040 25% 1.340 1.030 50% 1.060 0.990 75% 1.270 1.330 100% 2.970 2.970 %EBO EBO/Oleamide and erucamide Mixes COF (erucamide mix) - (oleamide mix) 0% 1.510 1.040 25% 1.090 0.990 50% 1.330 1.110 75% 1.260 1.170 100% 3.870 3.870 The data shows that the 50:50 mix of EBS to erucamide and or oleamide produces the optimum ratio whereas with EBO mixtures, the optimum ratio is 25% EBO blended with erucamide or oleamide. Concentration of Mixtures: The effects of total concentration of the mixtures were explored. COF measurements of 50:50 EBS mixtures with erucamide and oleamide are shown in the following table: % total lubricants erucamide/EBS oleamide/EBS 1.0% 1.060 0.990 0.75% 1.100 1.070 0.5% 1.110 1.120 As when erucamide and oleamide are utilized as single components, the concentration of the mixed lubricants only slightly affects the COF in the range of concentrations tested. In further tests, the following results in removal torques were obtained: COMPOSITIONS CONTROL A B C D ELVAX 750 - - 100 100 - ELVAX 650 100 100 - - 100 EBS - 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ERUCAMIDE - 0.5 0.5 - - EBO 1.5 - - - - OLEAMIDE - - - 0.5 0.5 LDPE (30MF) 10 10 10 10 10 PACK RESULTS: REMOVAL TORQUE (RT) 12.0 7.8 8.2 8.2 7.6 IMMEDIATE 1 DAY 11 10 10.3 12.6 11.2 1 WEEK 15.0 13.8 14.0 12.6 14.0 CO2-1 WEEK 3.85 3.84 3.80 3.86 3.85 It can be seen that the compositions A, B, C, D provided lower removal torques than the EVA control alone. Other tests covering immediate and removal torques, comprises the compositions A and C: A Control Immediate avg. 14. 2 19.4 sigma 1.27 1.51 mn/mx 12/16 16/22 1 Day avg. 20.2 20.8 sigma 1.84 11.1 mn/mx 18/24 19/22.5 1 Week avg. 17.0 16.0 sigma 1.78 1.89 mn/mx 15.5/20 14/20 2 Weeks avg. 17.9 17.7 sigma 1.63 1.96 mn/mx 15.5/20 14/21.5 4 Weeks avg. 18.5 16.9 sigma 1.37 1.70 mn/mx 16.5/20 14.5/19

Claims: A plastic closure comprising a base wall having an inner surface, a peripheral skirt extending from said base wall, and a liner compression molded on said inner surface of said base wall, said liner comprising (a) ethylene vinyl acetate composition, (b) a primary fatty acid amide selected from the group consisting of an oleamide and an erucamide, (c) a bis-fatty acid amide, the total amount of primary fatty acid amide and bis-fatty acid amide being 0.5%-1.5% by weight based on the weight of the ethylene vinyl acetate, the ethylene vinyl acetate comprising 85%-94% by weight of polyethylene and 6%-15% by weight of vinyl acetate, the ratio of primary fatty acid amide to bis-fatty acid amide ranges between 25:75 and 75:25, by weight. The closure set forth in claim 1 wherein said bis-fatty acid amide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-bis-oleamide and ethylene-bis-stearamide.

Inventors: BAYER JOHN W, BAYER, JOHN W.
Applicants: OWENS ILLINOIS CLOSURE INC, OWENS-ILLINOIS CLOSURE INC.,
Application year: 1994
Main classification: C09K3
IPC codes: B29K55, B65D1, B32B27, B29D99