Pivot hinge assembly

Abstract: A pivot hinge assembly to pivot a glass structure (20) such as a shower door includes a hinge member (26) having a pivot pin (46) projecting therefrom and secured thereto, the pin (46) being generally cylindrical but having two opposed flat surfaces (52) formed thereon and protruding into a bore (82) in a central block (74) which joins two flat plates (62, 64) between which is clamped the glass structure, said plates (62, 64) and block (74) constituting a further hinge member (60) of the assembly, a plurality of parallel bores (104, 110) being formed in the block (74) perpendicular to, to intersect, the bore (82) and each containing pressure assemblies (118) to press on the flat surfaces (52) on the pivot pins (46) and bias the hinge assembly to a closed position.

Description: This invention relates to hinge assemblies adapted for use with glass panes, used especially in shower doors and other glass structures. Document US-A-2 191 900 discloses a hinge assembly having the features of the preamble of claim 1. Hinge assemblies for glass doors are usually of the kind shown in US patent 5,079,798 issued 14 January 1992. Such hinge assemblies are placed on the edges of glass doors and are oriented in a vertical plane, to support the weight of the glass doors. A disadvantage of this type of hinge assembly is that it can exert undue stress on the glass, causing it to crack, and in addition it can be difficult to mount the fixed part of the hinge unless there is a sufficient structural support backing up the fixed part of the hinge. In practice, the fixed part of the hinge is usually attached through tile, marble or artificial stone, and unless there is a structural support behind this material, the fixed part of the hinge will not be adequately secured. In addition, the large hinges located along the height of the door are unsightly. To deal with this kind of problem, in some cases hinges are placed at the bottom and top of a shower door or the like, with their pivot pins extending vertically toward the top and bottom edges of the door, as shown in US patent 4,035,957 issued 19 July 1977. With the arrangement shown in US patent 4,035,957, the bottom hinge bears the weight of the door as a compressive force. Thus, the door is not hung on its edge, thereby reducing the likelihood that the door will crack. In addition, there is usually a structural support available below the bottom fixed hinge portion, facilitating installation of the hinges. The hinges, being at the top and bottom of the door, are somewhat out of the way visually and are usually less unsightly. A disadvantage of the kind of hinge shown in US patent 4,035,957 is that it has not in the past been possible to provide in a simple way any self closing or detent features for such hinges. In some cases such hinges have been built with friction drums, but these simply make the door stiffer to open and close and do not provide any self closing forces. Therefore, shower doors which use top and bottom hinges have usually employed gravity forces for self closing. However this makes installation of the door more difficult, since it must be oriented at the correct angle, and in addition a stopper is needed on the door, usually in the form of a magnet or latch. This increases the cost. US-A-2191900 shows a door hinge arrangement in which a pivot pin protrudes between a hinge containing a set of plates with a block between them to clamp the member being hinged but without any detent arrangement. GB-A-404854 shows a door hinge arrangement in which a pressure assembly pushes on a pivot pin to provide a detent action. However, only a single pressure assembly is used, resulting in unbalanced forces, and only a small force can be achieved unless a large spring, which would be bulky and unsightly, is used. It would be desirable to be able to provide a hinge assembly suitable for use as a top or bottom hinge for a glass door, and which hinge assembly can provide self closing forces which tend to close the door and hold it in a closed position. According to the present invention there is provided a two-part glass hinge assembly having the features of claim 1. By way of example only, embodiments of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of which: Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a shower stall having a shower door employing hinges according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective exploded view of a fixed hinge member and pivot pin according to the invention, and showing a pane of glass on which it is mounted; Fig. 3 is a perspective exploded view of a door mounted hinge member according to the invention; Fig. 4 is a plan view, partly in section, of a portion of the hinge member of Fig. 3 assembled to the hinge member of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a side view, partly in section, showing a pressure pad assembly used in a hinge of the invention; Fig. 6 is an end view of a hinge assembly according to the invention with one hinge member rotated relative to the other; and Fig. 7 is a plan view, partly in section, of a modified hinge assembly according to the invention. Reference is first made to Fig. 1, which shows a shower stall generally indicated at 10. The shower stall 10 has a front bottom wall 12, front side walls 14, and a front upper glass wall 16 extending between the side walls 14. The walls 12, 14, 16 define an opening 18 which receives a shower door 20. The shower door 20 is pivotally mounted in the opening 18 by a bottom hinge 22 and a top hinge 24. Hinges 22, 24 both employ the features of the invention, and hinge 22 will next be described, with reference to Figs. 2 to 5. Hinge 22 includes a fixed hinge member 26, in the form of a flat relatively thin rectangular bar. Hinge member 26 includes a pair of screw holes 28 adapted to receive downwardly extending screws 30 (Fig. 1) to secure hinge member 26 to the upper surface 7 of bottom wall 12. Hinge member 26 also includes (Fig. 2) a central bore 34 extending from a rear surface 36 toward the front surface 38 of the hinge member 26. The bore 34 opens into a square recess 40 sunk into the centre of the front surface 38 of the hinge member 26. As best shown in Fig. 2, the square recess 40 snugly accepts the square end 42 of a pivot pin 46. The pivot pin 46 includes a generally cylindrical shaft portion 48 extending from the square end 42 to a free end 50. The shaft portion 48 contains two flat surfaces 52, one on each side thereof, and extending over most of the length of the pivot pin 46 between the square end 42 and the free end 50. The flat surfaces 52 are interconnected by curved surfaces 53. Only a short portion of the length of the pivot pin 46 adjacent the free end 50, and a further short portion adjacent the square end 42, is fully cylindrical. The pivot shaft 46 contains an axial internal threaded bore 54 extending into its square end 42. The pivot shaft 46 is rigidly secured to the hinge member 26 by a countersunk screw 56 which extends from the rear side of hinge member 26 through bore 34 and into the bore 54. In use, the pivot pin 46 will be oriented so that the flat surfaces 52 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 58 of the hinge member 26. Reference is next made to Figs. 3 to 5, which show the other hinge member 60 of hinge 22. The hinge member 60 includes a pair of plate members 62, 64 which are adapted to lie one on each side of a glass pane, a portion of which is shown at 65 in Fig. 3. The glass pane 65 forms part of the door 20 or other structure to be hinged. The hinge plate 62 includes side edges 66, and end edge 68, and a flat pivot edge 70A. The hinge plate 60 also includes an internal surface 72 having a block 74 mounted thereon and extending inwardly toward the internal surface 76 of the other hinge plate 64. The block 74 is recessed inwardly from the edges 66 and 68 but has a flat pivot end surface 70B which is flush with surface 70A to form a common flat pivot end surface 70. A bore 82 extends into the block 74 from flat end surface 70B, at right angles to flat end surface 70B. The bore 82 terminates at an inner end 83 spaced from the far end 84 of the block 74, as best shown in Fig. 4. The glass pane 65 contains a cutout 86 which follows the contour of block 74, so that in practice the hinge member 60 may be placed on one side of the glass pane 65 with the block 74 located in the cutout 86, and then the other hinge plate 64 may be placed on the other side of glass pane 65 and secured by screws 90 which extend through counter sunk holes 92 in plate 76 and into threaded holes 94 in block 74. The holes 94 are spaced one on each side of bore 82. As shown, block 74 includes two side surfaces 100, 102 which extend between the plates 62, 64 and extend parallel to the bore 82, at right angles to the end surface 70. Surface 100 contains two bores 104 extending into the block 74 at right angles to surface 100 and parallel to end surface 70. Two similar bores 110 extend into surface 102, also at right angles to surface 102 and parallel to end surface 70. The bores 104, 110 intersect bore 82 and are aligned with each other. As best shown in Fig. 4, when the hinge members 26,62 are assembled, the pivot shaft 46 extends into the bore 82 so that its free end 50 is located adjacent the inner end 83 of bore 82 but is spaced therefrom by a plastic (e.g. nylon) cylindrical disk 114 (to avoid metal to metal contact). The pivot pin 46 can be inserted into hinge member 60 before or after pivot pin 46 is connected to hinge member 26. After pivot pin 46 is inserted into hinge member 60, pressure assemblies 118 are inserted into each bore 104, 110. Each pressure assembly 118, being a pressure pad means, includes (see also Fig. 5) a pad comprising plastic bushing 120 having an enlarged cylindrical end 122 and a central shaft 124 extending therefrom. A small coil spring 126 is placed over each shaft 124 to press the enlarged end 122 againstoneof the flat surfaces 52 of the pivot pin 46. The spring and bushing assemblies are held in position by insert screws 128 which are inserted into each of the threaded bores 104, 110. To install the hinge assembly shown, the pivot shaft 46 is, as discussed, first inserted into bore 82. The pressure assemblies 118 are then inserted into the four bores 104, 110 and tightened (by turning the insert screws 128 into the bores) to apply the desired degree of pressure to pivot shaft 46. This can be tested by connecting hinge member 26 to the square end 42 of pivot shaft 46 (as shown in Fig. 2) and turning it relative to hinge member 60, to determine whether the detent and self closing force exerted by pressure assemblies 118 against pivot pin 46 is adequate. The bushing ends 122 prevent withdrawal of pivot pin 46 from bore 82, partly by friction, and partly because they obstruct withdrawal of cylindrical end 50 so long as they bear wholly or largely on the flat surfaces 52. After the pressure assemblies 118 have been adjusted, the hinge member 60 is connected to the glass pane 65 as described. (Normally gaskets are located between each hinge plate 62, 64 and the glass surface.) The hinge members 26, 60 are then turned relative to each other, as shown in Fig. 6, to expose screw holes 28 so that the hinge member 26 can be connected e.g. to the top surface of bottom wall 12. The hinge members 26, 60 will typically be manufactured from a decorative material such as brass, anodized or powder coated aluminum, or stainless steel. The pivot pin 46 will normally be made of a strong material such as stainless steel, since it is in effect cantilevered and must withstand substantial forces. The use of four pressure assemblies 118 two on each side of the pivot pin 46, serves to exert a substantial detent and restoring force on the pivot pin 46 so that when the door 20 is closed, there will be a sufficient force tending to hold it closed. When the door 20 is opened part way, there will be a substantial restoring force tending to close the door, but when the door 20 is opened fully (e.g. at 90° to its closed position), then the pressure assemblies 118 will press directly on the curved surfaces 53 of pivot pin 46 and will not exert any closing force on the door. Because each side surface 100, 102 of the block 74 contains two bores, and because the bores are opposed, the block 74 can be made relatively thin and therefore more attractive, while still allowing sufficient force to be exerted on pivot pin 46. In addition, the opposing location of the bores balances the forces on pin 46 and aids in smoother operation. Where the fixed portion of the hinge is to be mounted on glass, as at the top of the door 20, then the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 for hinge 24 may be used. Hinge 24 includes a hinge member 60 identical with hinge member 60 of Fig. 3, but secured to the top of the door 20, and a fixed hinge member 130 secured to glass wall or plate 16. In Fig. 7 corresponding reference numerals indicate parts corresponding to those of Figs. 1 to 6 for the hinge member 60. As shown in Fig. 7 the fixed hinge member 130 takes the form of two clamping plates 132, 134, of the same form as clamping plates 60, 64 and having a central block 136 therebetween also of the same form as block 74. Thus, externally, when hinge member 130 is mounted on glass, it will be indistinguishable visually from hinge member 60. However in the Fig. 7 arrangement, block 136 has in its flat end surface 138 a square recess 140 adapted to receive the square end 42 of pivot pin 46. A bore 142 extends through block 136, aligned with bore 82, and terminates in a recessed enlarged end 144 adapted to receive an elongated screw 146. The screw 146 can therefore be inserted into bore 142 and into the threaded bore 54 in pivot pin 46, to secure the two hinge members 60, 130 together. Either before or after this has been done, hinge plate 134 is attached to hinge plate 132 as previously described, to secure the two hinge plates together.

Claims: A hinge assembly for glass panes comprising: a) a first hinge member (60) adapted to be clamped to the glass pane (20) and comprising: first and second plate portions (62, 64) each having a face (72,76) in use lying on a respective side of said glass pane (20) opposing each other, said opposing faces (72,76) lying parallel with one another and to the plane of the glass pane (20) and whereby an edge (70A) of each of said plate portions (62,64) lies in a common plane (70) perpendicular to said opposing faces (72,76), a block portion (74) adapted to lie between said plate portions (62, 64), in use the block portion (74) being connected to said plate portions (62,64) and being located in a cutout (86) of the glass pane (20) whereby a flat end surface (70B) of said block portion (74) lies in said common plane (70), said flat end surface (70B) thereby being flush with said edges (70A) of said first and second plate portions (62,64), said block portion (74) having first and second side surfaces (100, 102) opposing each other and extending at right angles to said flat end surface (70B) and to the planes of said parallel opposed faces (72,76) of said plate portions (62,64), said block portion (74) being of smaller lateral dimensions than those of said plate portions (62,64) such that the said first and second side surfaces (100,102) of the block portion (74) being connected to the first plate portion (62) are recessed inwardly from a respective side edge of the first plate portion (62), said block portion (74) having a first bore (82) extending into said block portion (74) perpendicular to said flat end surface (70B) thereof, said bore (82) having an inner closed end (83), b) a second hinge member (26) adapted to be connected to a support structure and having a flat end surface (38) in use overlying said flat end face (70B) of said block portion (74), c) a pivot pin (46) connected to and protruding from said end surface (38) of said second hinge member (26) and in use extending into said first bore (82), characterised in that d) said block portion (74) has second and third threaded bores (104) in said first side surface (100) thereof and fourth and fifth threaded bores (110) in said second side surface (102) thereof, each of said second to fifth bores (104,110) extending perpendicularly to its respective side surface (100,102) and intersecting said first bore, e) said pivot pin (46) is non-rotatably connected to said end surface (38) of said second hinge member, said pivot pin (46) being rounded in cross-section but having a pair of opposed flat surface portions (52) extending parallel to the pivot pin axis, and having a free end (50) adjacent said inner closed end (83) of said first bore (82), f) pressure pad means (118) located in each of said second to fifth bores (104,110), each pair with respect to a corresponding side surface (100,102) of pressure pad means (118) being resiliently urged into engagement with a respective flat surface portion (52) of said pivot pin (46) to bias said pivot pin (46) to a selected position relative to said first hinge member (60), g) each of said pressure pad means (118) including spring means (126), and adjustable screw means (128) for adjusting the pressure of each of said pressure pad means (118) on said pivot pin (46). An assembly according to claim 1 in which the second hinge member (26) is a substantially flat bar. An assembly according to claim 1 in which the second hinge member (26) includes third and fourth plate portions (32, 134) of the same size as said first and second plate portions (62,64) respectively, and a block portion (136) between them of the same size as said first mentioned block portion (74). An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the pivot pin (46) includes a square end (42), said second hinge member (26) including first and second opposed surfaces (38,36), said first surface (38) having a square recess (40) therein, said square end (42) being adapted to be snugly fitted into said square recess (40), screw means (56) extending from said second surface (36) of said second hinge member (26) through said second hinge member (26) into said pivot pin (46), thus to secure said pivot pin (46) to said second hinge member (26). An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and including a plastic pad (114) between said free end (50) of said pivot pin (46) and said inner end (83) of said first bore (82). An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which each pressure pad means (118) includes a plastic bushing (120) adapted to press on one of said flat surface portions (52) of said pivot pin (46), a coil spring (124) pressing on said plastic bushing (120), and an insert screw (128) retaining said coil spring (124) and said plastic bushing (120) in said second to fifth bores (104,110).

Inventors: BRIN GAVIN, BRIN, GAVIN
Applicants: LALIQUE HINGE CO INC, LALIQUE HINGE CO.INC.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: E05D5
IPC codes: A47K3, E05D5, E05D7, E05F1