Tennis racket

Abstract: A tennis racket is made lighter than conventional tennis rackets yet has a higher center of percussion and a higher frequency of vibration. The head of the racket is ovoid, and the widest part of the head is above the longitudinal midpoint of the head. The longitudinal strings are fan-shaped and diverge outwardly and upwardly from the bottom of the head.

Description: This invention relates to a tennis racket according to the preamble of claim 1, and, more particularly, to a tennis racket which is lighter than conventional rackets yet which is stiffer and has a higher center of percussion than conventional rackets. Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 31,419 describes a racket which is lighter than the standard weight of about 340 to 397 g (12 to 14 ounces) (including the weight of the strings), has a higher center of percussion, a higher center of gravity, a higher frequency of vibration, and a higher ratio of Ia/Is than conventional rackets. Specific values for the foregoing physical properties are set forth in Figure 40. Figure 22 illustrates a racket made from graphite fibers and epoxy which has a non-oval head shape. The upper end of the head is relatively flat and extends somewhat perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the racket. Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 33,372 describes additional features, including a large head racket and a weight in the handle. Specific values for certain physical properties are set forth in Figure 15. Kuebler Patent US-A-4,664,380 describes a racket which has the shape of a dual tapered beam in side elevation (Fig. 7). The widest or thickest part of the racket in side elevation is in the general area of the throat of the racket. Wilson EPO Patent No. 317,711 which discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1 describes a racket having a frequency of the first mode of bending under free-free constraint between 170 Hz and 250 Hz. Wilson Sporting Goods Co. has sold tennis rackets under the name Hammer which have some of the foregoing properties as shown in Table 1. The Hammer rackets are made from graphite fibers and resin. The numbers 95 and 110 refer to the area of the string surface -- 613 cm 2 (95 square inches) and 710 cm 2 (110 square inches), respectively. The letters si mean stiffness index and refer to the deflection of the racket when the racket extends horizontally and the grip is clamped and a weight of 2.8 kg is suspended from the tip of the racket. A stiffness index of 2.7 means that the tip of the racket deflects 2.7 mm. A stiffness index of 4.0 means that the tip of the racket deflects 4.0 mm. The 2.7si racket deflects less and is stiffer than rackets with higher si numbers. Balance refers to the balance point or center of gravity of the racket and is measured from the butt end of the racket. Frequency refers to the frequency vibration of the first mode of bending under free-free constraint. That frequency is described in Wilson EPO Patent No. 317,711, and is comparable to the frequency F 1 which is referred to in Figure 40 and in column 15, lines 50-56 of Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 31,419. Figure 15 of Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 33,372 also refers to the frequency F 1 . The frequency of a racket is related to the stiffness of the racket. A stiffer racket has a higher frequency. I-Y is the moment of inertia about the longitudinal center line of the racket. I-Y is the same as Ia which is described in Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 31,419. I-END is the moment of inertia about an axis which extends through the butt end of the racket and perpendicularly to the longitudinal centerline. I-END is the same as Is which is described in Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 31,419. The Hammer rackets are dual taper beam rackets similar to the shape illustrated in Kuebler U.S. Patent No. 4,664,380. The term Highest Point in Table 1 refers to the widest dimension of the side elevation of the racket. The term Highest Point at Shoulders refers to the widest dimension of the side elevational of the racket where the yoke which forms the bottom of the head of the racket merges with the side of the head. Center of Percussion from Butt refers to the center of percussion when measured according to conventional techniques. One such technique is described in Frolow U.S. Patent Re. 31,419 at column 6, lines 27-43. The number for Center of Percussion means the distance from the butt end of the racket. While some of the above rackets known from prior art exhibit favourable stiffness and a high center of percussion, others have high frequencies of vibration. None of the prior art rackets, however, realizes low weight in connection with high stiffness, a high frequency of vibration, and a high center of percussion. Therefore, it is a problem underlying the present invention to provide a tennis racket according to the preamble of claim 1 which is lighter, and has a higher balance point and a higher center of percussion while maintaining a high frequency of vibration. The problem is solved by the tennis racket in accordance with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. Adantageously, a racket made in accordance with the invention is lighter than the Wilson Hammer rackets yet has a higher center of percussion, is stiffer, and has a higher frequency of vibration than a Hammer racket having a comparable cross-sectional dimension. It is surprising that a racket which is ligher than a prior racket can be made stiffer than the prior racket. A higher center of percussion is obtained by forming the head in an ovoid or ovate shape with a relatively wide end at the top of the racket so that more of the material of the head is positioned farther from the butt end of the racket. The frame is made from graphite fibers and resin, and less fiber and resin material is used in the handle end of the racket than at the head end of the racket so that the frame can be made lighter while still providing sufficient reinforcement and stiffness in the head of the racket. The invention will be explained in conjunction with illustrative embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing, in which -- Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a tennis racket formed in accordance with the invention which has a string area of about 613 cm 2 (95 square inches); Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the racket of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a front elevational view of a racket formed in accordance with the invention which has a string area of about 710 cm 2 (110 square inches); Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the racket of Figure 3; and Figure 5 is a front elevational view of the racket of Figure 1 without strings. Description of Specific Embodiment Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a racket 10 formed in accordance with the invention which has a string area of about 613 cm 2 (95 square inches). Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a similar racket 11 which has a string area of about 710 cm 2 (110 square inches). Other sizes of rackets can also be made in accordance with the invention. Each of the rackets 10 and 11 includes a frame 12 and longitudinal and transverse strings 13 and 14. The frame is formed from composite material consisting of fibers and resin. The fibers can be graphite, Kevlar, or other fibers which are conventionally used in tennis rackets. The resin is conventional resin which is used in composite tennis rackets. Each frame 12 includes an elongated shaft portion 15, a Y-shaped throat portion 16, and a head portion 17. A yoke 18 extends between the sides of the throat and forms the bottom of the head. A grip or handle 19 is formed at the lower end of the shaft by spirally wrapped grip material, and the grip terminates in a butt end 20 at the bottom of the racket. As can be seen from the side elevational views of Figures 2 and 4, the rackets 10 and 11 are dual taper beam rackets. The widest or thickest portion of the frame above the grip is indicated by the dimension W and is in the area where the yoke 18 merges with the sides of the head. The head is ovoid or ovate shaped and is relatively wide and blunt at the top and relatively narrow and tapered at the bottom. The shape of the head permits more of the material of the head to be positioned farther away from the butt end of the racket. Referring to Figure 5, the racket has an overall length L, a maximum string length l in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal centerline CL, and a maximum string width w in a direction transverse to the longitudinal centerline. The dimensions for the maximum string length and string width are taken at the inside of the head. The maximum string width is at a distance l 1 from the bottom of the head, and l 1 is greater than one-half of the maximum string length l. The ovoid shape of the head is provided by five radii of curvature R 1 through R 5 which are centered at points A through E, respectively. The radii of curvature R 3 and R 4 are applied to the right side of the head, and corresponding radii of curvature are applied to the left side of the head. Specific embodiments of tennis rackets with string areas of about 613 and 710 cm 2 (95 and 110 square inches) had the physical properties shown in Table II: 613 cm 2 (95 sq. in.) 710 cm 2 (110 sq. in.) L 68,6 cm (27 inches) 68,6 cm (27 inches) l 32,344 cm (12.734 inches) 34,806 cm (13.703 inches) l 1 20,4947 cm (8.06878 inches) 22,052 cm (8.6819 inches) w 24,166 cm (9.514 inches) 26,005 cm (10.238 inches) W 3,0 cm (1.181 inches) 3,2 cm (1.260 inches) weight (including strings 9.2 ounces 9.2 ounces center of percussion 51.5 cm (20.1 inches) 51.5 cm (20.1 inches) balance 40,48 cm (15.94 inches) 40,48 cm (15.94 inches) frequency of vibration 207 Hz 192 Hz I-Y 16,28 kg·cm 2 (89 ounce in. 2 ) 19,2 kgcm 2 (105 ounce in. 2 ) I-END 521 kg·cm 2 (2850 ounce in. 2 ) 540 kgcm 2 (2950 ounce in. 2 ) R 1 15,855 cm (6.242 inches) 17,061 cm (6.717 inches) R 2 9,06 cm (3.567 inches) 9,749 cm (3.838 inches) R 3 22,649 cm (8.917 inches) 24,371 cm (9.595 inches) R 4 27,181 cm (10.701 inches) 29,246 cm (11.514 inches) R 5 6,795 cm (2.675 inches) 7,313 cm (2.879 inches) The points A-E for the 95 and 110 size rackets were located on the following coordinates, the first coordinate indicating the dimension to the right (+) or left (-) of the longitudinal centerline CL and the second coordinate indicating the distance from the top of the string area at the centerline CL: 95 110 A 0; 16,366 cm 0; 17,0607 cm B 2,9723 cm; 9,6662 cm 3,0658 cm; 10,4226 cm C - 10,5672 cm; 11,8521 cm - 11,3706 cm; 12,7536 cm D - 15,0967 cm; 11,8521 cm - 16,2451 cm; 12,7536 cm E 0; 25,5493 cm 0; 27,4925 cm (A 0, 6.4433 in. 0, 6.7168 in.) (B 1.1702 in., 3,8056 in. 1.2070 in., 4.1034 in.) (C - 4.1603 in., 4.6662 in. - 4.4766 in., 5.0211 in.) (D - 5.9436 in., 4.6662 in. - 6.3957 in., 5.0211 in.) (E 0, 10.0588 in. 0, 10.8238 in.) Each of the foregoing properties can be varied within normal manufacturing tolerances without significantly affecting the performance of the racket. The optimal values fall within the following ranges: L: 68,6 ± 1,27 cm (27 ± 1/2 inches), more preferably within the range of 68,28 cm (26.88) to 68,91 cm (27.13 inches). Weight: below 269,3 g (9.5 ounces), more preferably below 267,9 g (9.45 ounces) Center of percussion: greater than 49,53 cm (19.5 inches), more preferably greater than 50,8 cm (20.0 inches) Balance: greater than 39,37 cm (15.5 inches), more preferably greater than 39,5 cm (15.55 inches) . Frequency: greater than 190 Hz, more preferably greater than 200 Hz for a 95 square inch racket The size and shape of the string area can also be varied while still obtaining the benefits of the invention. The maximum length l, maximum width w, and location of the maximum width l 1 can be varied within the range of about ± 1,27 cm (± 1/2 inch). The tolerance of the radii of curvatures are R 1 -R 5 is ± 2,54 cm (± 1 inch), more preferably ± 1,27 cm (± 1/2 inch), and the tolerances of the coordinates of the Points A-E is ± 2,5 cm (± 1 inch), more preferably ± 1,27 cm (± 1/2 inch). The radius R of the top of the head is preferably at least twice the radius R 5 at the bottom of the head. The location of the maximum width l 1 is greater than one-half of the maximum string length l and more preferably at least 0.6 of the maximum string length. Referring to Figures 1 and 3, the longitudinal string pattern is fan-shaped. The longitudinal strings 13 which are spaced laterally from the longitudinal centerline CL advantageously diverge outwardly and upwardly from the bottom of the head. The angle of divergence increases as the spacing of the string from the centerline increases. The spacing between the upper ends of the strings is therefore greater than the spacing at the bottom of the strings. The greater spacing in the upper portion of the head provides greater hitting power. Rackets can be made lighter yet stiffer than prior rackets by using less fiber and resin material in the handle portion of the frame and reinforcing the head with additional fiber and resin material. The ovoid shape of the head also allows more of the weight of the head to be positioned farther from the butt end.

Claims: A tennis racket comprising a frame (12) having an elongated shaft portion (15) and a head portion (17) and strings (13, 14) supported by the head portion (17), the frame (12) being formed from composite material comprising fibers and resin, the shaft terminating in a butt end (20) and the head having top and bottom portions, the racket having a length of at least 67,31 cm (26.5 inches), characterized by a strung weight of less than 269,3 g (9.5 ounces), a balance point of greater than 39,37 cm (15.5 inches) from the butt end, a center of percussion of greater than 49,53 cm (19.5 inches) from the butt end, and a frequency of vibration of the first mode of bending under free-free constraint of at least 190 Hz. The tennis racket of claim 1 in which the frame (12) has the shape of a dual tapered beam in side elevation, the widest part of the frame (12) in side elevation being adjacent the bottom portion of the head, the frame tapering downwardly from said widest part toward the top of the head and tapering downwardly from said widest part toward the butt end (20) of the shaft. The tennis racket of claim 2 in which the width (w) of the frame at said widest part is at least about 3 cm (1.181 inches). The tennis racket of claim 1 in which the weight of the racket is about 267,9 g (9.45 ounces) or less. The tennis racket of claim 4 in which the center of percussion is about 50,8 cm (20.0 inches) or more from the butt end (20). The tennis racket of claim 4 in which the balance is about 39,5 cm (15.55 inches) or more from the butt end (20). The tennis racket of claim 1 in which the head is generally ovoid shaped, the top of the head having a radius of curvature (R 1 ) at least twice the radius of cuvature (R 5 ) of the bottom of the frame, the widest part of the head being above the longitudinal midpoint of the head. The tennis racket of claim 7 in which the widest part of the head is at least about 0.60 of the distance (l) from the bottom of the head to the top of the head. The tennis racket of claim 7 in which the head has a string area of about 621,5 cm 2 (95 square inches) and the radius of curvature (R 1 ) of the top of the head is at least about 15,24 cm to 16,51 cm (6 to 6.5 inches). The tennis racket of claim 9 in which the maximum longitudinal dimension (l) of the string area is about 32,56 ± 1,27 cm (12.7 ± 1/2 inch), the maximum width (w) of the string area is about 24,13 ± 1,27 cm (9.5 ± 1/2 inch), and the widest part of the string area is above the longitudinal midpoint of the string area. The tennis racket of claim 7 in which the head has a string area of about 621,5 cm 2 (95 square inches) and the radius of cuvature (R 1 ) of the top of the head is at least about 15,75 to 18,29 cm (6.2 to 7.2 inches). The tennis racket of claim 11 in which the maximum longitudinal dimension (l) of the string area is about 34,8 ± 1,27 cm (13.7 ± 1/2 inch), the maximum width (w) of the string area is about 25,91 ± 1,27 cm (10.2 ± 1/2 inch), and the widest part of the string area is above the longitudinal midpoint of the string area. The tennis racket of claim 7 in which the strings which are spaced laterally from the longitudinal centerline (CL) of the frame (12) diverge outwardly with respect to the longitudinal centerline from the bottom of the head to the top of the head.

Inventors: CHENG PO-JEN, GARRETT FRANK, SEVERA WILLIAM D, CHENG, PO-JEN, GARRETT, FRANK, SEVERA, WILLIAM D.
Applicants: WILSON SPORTING GOODS, WILSON SPORTING GOODS COMPANY
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A63B49
IPC codes: A63B49, A63B59