Suction device for internal combustion engine

Abstract: A compact suction device is provided for an internal combustion engine, e.g. a V-type engine. The suction device comprises a casing (21) having an air inlet and a plurality of outlets, a collection chamber (45) in the casing, a plurality of suction pipes (47) in the casing, each suction pipe (47) extending from the collection chamber (45) to a corresponding one of the plurality of outlets, a plurality of swirl ducts (49) extending from the collection chamber (45) to outlet portions of respective ones of the plurality of suction pipes (47), a plurality of swirl control valves (48) in the suction pipes (47) for controlling the flow of air from the collection chamber (45) to the outlet portions through the suction pipes (47) and the swirl ducts (49) and a common shaft (55) for driving the swirl control valves (48).

Description: The present invention relates to a suction device for supplying air and fuel to combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to such a suction device which can be constructed compactly. In connection with a V-type internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders arranged in a V-shape, there is described a conventional suction device in United States Patents No.5,003,933 and 5,094,194, for example. In this conventional suction device, a plurality of individual suction pipes and a collector for distributing a suction air to the individual suction pipes are integrated compactly, but an air cleaner, a suction air quantity detecting means, a throttle valve, and fuel injection valves are not integrated. These latter elements are individually mounted. It is an object of the present invention to provide a suction device which can be constructed compactly so as to integrate parts from an air cleaner to suction ports and eliminate spaces other than an air passage for supplying a suction air to an internal combustion engine, thereby increasing room for mounting other parts and the internal combustion engine in an engine room of an automobile or reducing a size of the engine room to effectively use the engine room. According to the present invention, there is provided a suction device for an internal combustion engine, comprising, a common collection chamber for receiving air from an air inlet, a plurality of suction pipes, each suction pipe having an inlet portion communicating with the common collection chamber and an outlet portion for connection to a respective cylinder of the engine, a plurality of swirl ducts extending from said common collection chamber to outlet portions of respective ones of said plurality of suction pipes, and a plurality of swirl control valves in said suction pipes for controlling the relative flow of air from said common collection chamber to said outlet portions through the plurality of suction pipes and the plurality of swirl ducts, the suction pipes being arranged side-by-side and adjacent suction pipes overlap each other, the swirl control valves being provided in respective overlapping portions of the suction pipes and being carried by a common shaft by which they are controlled, wherein: the adjacent suction pipes approach each other from said respective outlet portions and cross at a crossing portion and extend over from the crossing portion and after that an end portion of the respective suction pipe is connected to the common collection chamber. A casing of such a suction device may be shaped to fit within a space defined between right and left banks of a V-type internal combustion engine. The inside of the casing may be partitioned into several spaces for mounting an air cleaner, a collector, and a plurality of individual suction pipes in such a manner that these elements are arranged adjacent to each other. The air cleaner, the collector, and the individual suction pipes may be arranged adjacent to each other separated by partitions, thereby forming an air passage in each element. Accordingly, all parts constituting the suction device can be integrated, and any unnecessary spaces other than the air passage can be eliminated to thereby realize a compact structure of the suction device. In a preferred form, the present invention provides a compact suction device including all parts from an air cleaner to suction ports. Air admitted from an inlet of an air cleaner may be introduced through a passage and an air cleaner element to a suction air quantity detecting means. A throttle valve may be located downstream of a suction air quantity detecting means. The air having passed through such a throttle valve may then be introduced through the collector to individual suction pipes corresponding to cylinders of an engine. Thereafter, the air may be sucked through suction ports into combustion chambers of the engine. The passage, the individual suction pipes, and the collector may be arranged adjacent to each other. Further, a control unit for controlling the engine may be located in the passage downstream of the inlet of the air cleaner. According to the present invention, a suction device including all parts from an air cleaner to the suction ports can be made compact to enable effective use of available space in an engine bay. The present application is a divisional application of granted European Patent 0644326. EP 0644326 is directed towards a suction device having a V-shaped casing divided by a partition into two air passages, one of which serves as an inlet air passage and the other of which serves as a collection chamber. The two air passages are connected by a connecting path with air flowing in the two air passages in opposite directions to each other. Air flows from the collection chamber into suction pipes, with air flow in the suction pipes perpendicular to that in the inlet air passage. Embodiments of the invention are described below by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a sectional front view of a suction device according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention as mounted to a V-type internal combustion engine. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the suction device. Fig. 3 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view illustrating a flow of air in the suction device according to the first preferred embodiment. Fig. 6 is a view illustrating a flow of air in the suction device according to the first preferred embodiment. Fig. 7 is a view illustrating a flow of air in the suction device according to the first preferred embodiment. Fig. 8 is a schematic side view illustrating a positional relation between the suction device and the internal combustion engine. Fig. 9 is a schematic side view illustrating a control unit in the suction device. Fig. 10 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an air passage shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 14 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a schematic side view illustrating a swirl passage provided in a suction device according to an eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 18 is a schematic plan view illustrating swirl control valves provided in the suction device according to the eighth preferred embodiment. Fig. 19 is a schematic front view illustrating the swirl control valves shown in Fig. 18. Fig. 20 is an enlarged view of an essential part shown in Fig. 19. Fig. 21 is an enlarged view of a modification of each swirl control valve in the eighth preferred embodiment. Fig. 22 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a preferred embodiment of the swirl passage shown in Fig. 17. Fig. 23 is a schematic perspective view illustrating another preferred embodiment of the swirl passage shown in Fig. 17. Fig. 24 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the flows of air and fuel in forming a swirl. Fig. 25 is a sectional front view of a suction device according to a ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 26 is a sectional side view of the suction device shown in Fig. 25. Fig. 27 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 26. Fig. 28 is a view similar to Fig. 27, showing a tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 29 is a top plan view illustrating a layout in an engine room of an automobile. Fig. 30 is a cross section taken along the line X-X in Fig. 29. Fig. 31 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to an eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 32 is a sectional front view of a suction device according to a twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 33 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a thirteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 34 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 33. Fig. 35 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 33. Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram illustrating a resonance suction length in the suction device shown in Fig. 33 when a variable induction valve is closed. Fig. 37 is a diagram similar to Fig. 36, when the variable induction valve is opened. Fig. 38 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a fourteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 39 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 38. Fig. 40 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 38. Fig. 41 is a horizontal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an air flow meter shown in Fig. 38. Fig. 42 is a left side view of the air flow meter shown in Fig. 41. Fig. 43 is a view similar to Fig. 41, showing another preferred embodiment of the air flow meter. Fig. 44 is a schematic diagram illustrating a resonance suction length in the suction device shown in Fig. 38 when a variable induction valve is closed. Fig. 45 is a diagram similar to Fig. 44, when the variable induction valve is opened. Fig. 46 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 47 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 46. Fig. 48 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 46. Fig. 49 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 46. Fig. 50 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to a sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 51 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 50. Fig. 52 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 50. Fig. 53 is a sectional side view of a fuel gallery provided in a suction device according to a seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 54 is a sectional side view of the suction device including the fuel gallery shown in Fig. 53. Fig. 55 is a sectional side view of a suction device according to an eighteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 56 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 55. Fig. 57 is a top plan view illustrating a layout in an engine room of an automobile when an engine is longitudinally mounted. Fig. 58 is a view similar to Fig. 57, when the engine is transversely mounted. A first preferred embodiment of the present invention is shownin Fig. 1, which is a sectional front view of right and left cylinder banks 1 and 2 of an internal combustion engine 20 and a suction device 21. The internal combustion engine 20 is a V-type internal combustion engine wherein the right and left cylinder banks 1 and 2 are so arranged as to form a V-shape as viewed in front elevation. While the number of cylinders in the V-type internal combustion engine 20 is six in this preferred embodiment, it may be eight or twelve as known in the art. The suction device 21 including an air cleaner 3, suction ports 4, or their partial portions is located in a space defined between the right and left cylinder banks 1 and 2. Thus, the suction device 21 is designed to have a compact structure. Fig. 2a is a sectional front view of the suction device 21 with the right cylinder bank 1 not shown, and Fig. 2b is a sectional side view of the suction device 21. As shown in Figs. 2A and 2B, air admitted from an inlet 5 of the air cleaner 3 is introduced through a passage 6 and an air cleaner element 33 to a suction air quantity detecting means 7. The suction air quantity detecting means 7 is an air flow meter of any type such as a hot-wire type, movable vane type, or Karman vortex type. A throttle valve 8 is provided downstream of the suction air quantity detecting means 7. The throttle valve 8 is electrically driven by a motor 9 in this preferred embodiment; however, it may be mechanically driven by a wire. The air passed through the throttle valve 8 is introduced through a collector 10 into a plurality of individual suction pipes 11 respectively communicating with a plurality of cylinders of the engine 20. Thereafter, the air is sucked through the suction ports 4 into combustion chambers 12 of the engine 20. In order to make the structure compact, the passage 6 of the air cleaner 3, the individual suction pipes 11, and the collector 10 are arranged in this order from the upper side in adjacent relationship to each other. The order of arrangement of these sections is not limitative, but the passage 6 of the air cleaner 3, the collector 10, and the individual suction pipes 11 may be arranged in this order from the upper side. A control unit 13 is located in the passage 6 of the air cleaner 3 at a downstream portion thereof in consideration of compactibility and coolability. With this arrangement, the control unit 13 can be cooled by the air flowing in the passage 6. To ensure the compactibility, the control unit 13 is located in the passage 6 just over the top of the individual suction pipes 11 or the collecter 10. A plurality of fuel injection valves 91 for injecting fuel are respectively located in the suction ports 4 of the individual suction pipes 11, and a plurality of air passages (swirl passages) 14 for forming a swirl of air in the combustion chambers 12 are respectively located in the suction ports 4. Further, a plurality of swirl control valves 15 for controlling the quantity of suction air flowing through the suction ports 4 and the quantity of suction air flowing through the air passages 14 are respectively located in the individual suction pipes 11. In this preferred embodiment, all or at least one of the individual suction pipes 11, the swirl control valves 15, and the fuel injection valves 91 are provided on the collecter 10 serving as a negative pressure chamber downstream of the throttle valve 8. While the suction air quantity detecting means 7 is located upstream of the throttle valve 8 in this preferred embodiment, the detecting means 7 may be located downstream of the throttle valve 8. The throttle valve 8 is mounted to a member (a portion below the line A-A in Fig. 2B) forming the suction ports 4 respectively communicating with suction ports formed in the engine 20. A second preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3. In this preferred embodiment, the individual suction pipes 11 and the suction ports 4 communicating with the suction ports of the engine 20 are formed in a single member (a portion below the line A-A in Fig. 3), and the throttle valve 8 is mounted to this member. A third preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4. In this preferred embodiment, the collector 10 is formed just above the individual suction pipes 11. The air passed through the throttle valve 8 is once raised to the collector 10 and then flows down into the individual suction pipes 11. With this arrangement, the individual suction pipes 11 are located nearer to the engine 20, so that the suction device 21 can be easily mounted to the engine 20 with a simple structure. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 illustrate the flow of suction air in the first preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1. The air passage from the inlet 5 of the air cleaner 3 to the collector 10 is formed so that the air flows along a certain plane A as shown in Fig. 6. On the other hand, the air passage from the collector 10 to the suction ports 4 is formed so that the air flows along a certain plane B perpendicular to the plane A as shown in Fig. 6. Thus, the flow of suction air changes in three -dimensional direction at the collector 10 only, thereby reducing a suction resistance. Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a positional relation between the internal combustion engine 20 and the suction device 21 as viewed in side elevation. Reference numerals 22 and 23 denote a front end and a rear end of the engine 20, respectively. The air inlet 5 of the suction device 21 is located just above the front end 22 of the engine 20. Accordingly, when the engine 20 is longitudinally mounted on an automobile in such a manner that the front end 22 of the engine 20 is directed to the front of the automobile, a cool air can be readily introduced from the air inlet 5 of the suction device 21. Further, a pulley 24 and a fan belt 25 are provided at the front end 22 of the engine 20, so that there is no space for arranging the suction air quantity detecting means 7, the throttle valve 8, and a vertical passage 26 (see Fig. 7) at the front end portion of the suction device 21. Accordingly, these elements are arranged at the rear end portion of the suction device 21 just above the rear end 23 of the engine 20. In the suction device 21, these elements are arranged behind the individual suction pipes 11. Fig. 9 schematically illustrates the arrangement of the control unit 13. As mentioned above, the control unit 13 is located downstream of the air cleaner element 33 in the air passage 6 of the air cleaner 3 in order that the control unit 13 can be cooled by a cool air just introduced from the air inlet 5. Further, in consideration of compactibility of the collector 10 and the individual suction pipes 11 and maintainability of the control unit 13, the control unit 13 is located above a portion 26 where the collector 10 and the individual suction pipes 11 are arranged. Since the control unit 13 must be adjusted upon delivery or inspection after manufactured, the control unit 13 is located at such a position that a lid (not shown) provided on the suction ports 4 can be removed at a portion upstream of a throttle valve mounting portion 27. A fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 10. In this preferred embodiment, the air cleaner element 33 is located in a front portion of the air passage 6 of the air cleaner 3, and the suction air quantity detecting means 7 is located in a rear passage portion 27 downstream of the air cleaner element 33. With this arrangement, no bent passage portion is present upstream of the suction air quantity detecting means 7, but a long straight passage portion can be ensured upstream of the detecting means 7, thereby reducing a detection error of the detecting means 7. Further, the throttle valve 8 is located in the vertical passage 26 for the purpose of prevention of sticking of the valve 8 due to strain and for the purpose of improvement in maintainence. Fig. 11 schematically illustrates the arrangement of the air passage in the fourth preferred embodiment of Fig. 10. The air cleaner 3, the suction air quantity detecting means 7, the throttle valve 8, and the collector 10 leading to the individual suction pipes 11 having the fuel injection valves 91 are arranged adjacent to each other. That is, as shown in Fig. 11, mounting members A, B, C, and D for respectively mounting the above elements 3, 7, 8, and 10 are connected together in an integral or direct fashion. With this arrangement, it is possible to reduce a detection error of the detecting means 7 due to suction air pulsation caused by blow-back from the combustion chambers upon full opening of the throttle valve 8. That is, since the air passage from the air cleaner 3 to the collector 10 can be shortened, a volume of air column in which vibration occurs can be reduced to thereby reduce the pulsation. A fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 12. In this preferred embodiment, a circuit 32 of the suction air quantity detecting means 7 is located inside the control unit 13, thereby saving a space. A sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 13 and 14. Fig. 14 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 13. Referring to Fig. 14, reference numerals 11a, 11b, and 11c denote individual suction pipes extending along a left bank of an internal combustion engine, and reference numerals 11d, 11e, and 11f denote individual suction pipes extending along a right bank of the internal combustion engine. The individual suction pipes 11a, 11b, and 11c are arranged in a direction A, and the individual suction pipes 11d, 11e, and 11f are also arranged in the direction A. The throttle valve 8 lies on a line of symmetry between the arrangement of the individual suction pipes 11a to 11c and the arrangement of the individual suction pipes 11d to 11f. Further, a throttle shaft of the throttle valve 8 extends in a direction B perpendicular to the direction A. This arrangement of the throttle valve 8 is important because the throttle valve 8 is located adjacent to the collector 10. With this arrangement, the throttle valve 8 is rotated to equally open to the left arrangement of the individual suction pipes 11a to 11c and the right arrangement of the individual suction pipes 11d to 11f, thereby effecting uniform distribution of air to the left and right arrangements. A seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 15 and 16. Fig. 16 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 15. In this preferred embodiment, the throttle valve 8 is mounted in a vertical passage 34. As similar to the sixth preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 13 and 14, the throttle shaft of the throttle valve 8 extends in a direction B perpendicular to a direction A of arrangement of individual suction pipes 11a to 11c or arrangement of individual suction pipes 11d to 11f. Accordingly, uniform distribution of air to both arrangements can be effected. An eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 17 to 24. Fig. 17 schematically shows a mechanism for forming a swirl of air in a combustion chamber 50 of an internal combustion engine. A suction port 46 as a downstream end portion of an individual suction pipe 47 is arranged adjacent to a collector 45 downstream of a throttle valve (not shown) through a partition 51 in consideration of space saving. A suction passage (swirl passage) 49 is formed so as to connect the collector 45 through the partition 51 to the suction port 46. Further, a swirl control valve 48 is located in the individual suction pipe 47 between the collector 45 and an outlet 52 of the suction passage 49. When the swirl control valve 48 is closed, a suction air is allowed to flow through the suction passage 49, whereas when the swirl control valve 48 is opened, the suction air is allowed to flow through the individual suction pipe 47. With this arrangement, the suction passage 49 can be easily formed because the collector 45 and the individual suction pipe 47 are adjacent to each other through the partition 51. Figs. 18 to 21 show a modified arrangement of plural swirl control valves 48 applied to a V-type internal combustion engine. As shown in Figs. 18 to 20, a plurality of individual suction pipes 53 and 54 of the V-type internal combustion engine are alternately arranged so as to intersect each other at an intermediate portion in a space between right and left banks of the engine. The swirl control valves 48 are located in the individual suction pipes 53 and 54 at this intermediate portion, and are supported on a common shaft 55. If two or more support shafts for the swirl control valves 48 were provided, an increased space would become necessary to cause an increase in cost. As shown in Fig. 21, each swirl control valve 48 may be formed as a swirl control valve 100 partially cut away as shown by a dashed line. Further, in the case where each suction port has two main passages, each swirl control valve may be formed as a swirl control valve partially cut away so as to close one of the two main passages. Fig. 22 shows a preferred embodiment of the suction passage 49. In Fig. 22, reference numerals 56a and 56b denote two suction valves provided in each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and reference numeral 57 denotes a surface of connection between the individual suction pipes 47 and an engine head. Two suction passages (swirl passages) 49a and 49b communicating the collector 45 to the suction port 46 are formed on an outer wall surface of each individual suction pipe 47. That is, the walls of the suction passages 49a and 49b are partially formed by parts 59a and 59b of the walls of the individual suction pipe 47. The suction passages 49a and 49b have respective outlets 52a and 52b opening toward the suction valves 56a and 56b, respectively. Fig. 23 shows another preferred embodiment of the suction passage 49. In this preferred embodiment, the outlets 52a and 52b of the suction passages 49a and 49b formed adjacent to each individual suction pipe 47 open to the connection surface 57 independently of an outlet of the suction port 46. The outlets 52a and 52b are respectively connected to inlets 61a and 61b of two suction passages (swirl passages) 63a and 63b formed in the engine head. Outlets 62a and 62b of the suction passages 63a and 63b open near the suction valves 56a and 56b, respectively. With this arrangement, a strong swirl can be easily formed in the combustion chamber. Fig. 24 shows the flows of air and fuel. Reference numerals 64a and 64b denote the flows of air blown from the suction passages 49a and 49b, respectively, and reference numeral 65 denotes the sprays of fuel injected from the fuel injection valve 91. The outlets 52a and 52b of the suction passages 49a and 49b are decided in direction so that the air flows 64a and 64b do not directly blow against the fuel sprays 65. If the air flows 64a and 64b having a high velocity blow directly against the fuel sprays 65, the fuel sprays 65 change their directions to strike against a wall surface of the suction passage in the engine head, so that the fuel sprays 65 do not properly enter the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. To avoid this problem, the nozzles of the fuel injection valve 91 are decided in direction so that the fuel sprays 65 may be directed to central portions of the suction valves 56a and 56b, and the outlets 52a and 52b of the suction passages 49a and 49b are decided in direction so that the air flows 64a and 64b may be directed to outside end portions of the suction valves 56a and 56b. Also in the case of a single suction valve per cylinder, a fuel spray from a fuel injection valve is directed to a central portion of the suction valve, and an air flow from the suction passage 49 is directed to an outer peripheral portion of the suction valve. A ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 25 to 27. Fig. 27 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 26. In this preferred embodiment, a partition 70 is formed in the collector 10 at a transversely central position thereof to define left and right collectors 74a and 74b. Accordingly, the air passed through the throttle valve 8 is divided by the partition 70 to flow into the left and right collectors 74a and 74b. Further, a variable induction valve 73 is mounted on the partition 70 so as to communicate the left and right collectors 74a and 74b. The variable induction valve 73 is operated according to an operational condition of the engine, thereby changing a substantial suction length of an individual suction pipe 71 or 72. That is, when the variable induction valve 73 is closed in a low-speed condition of the engine, the substantial suction length can be made large, whereas when the variable induction valve 73 is opened in a high-speed condition of the engine, the substantial suction length can be made small. A tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 28, which is a view similar to Fig. 27. In this preferred embodiment, a partition 75 separating the collector 10 into the left and right collectors 74a and 74b is extended rearwardly between two throttle valves 77a and 77b to a downstream position of a suction air quantity detecting means (not shown), which is located upstream of the throttle valves 77a and 77b. Thus, an extended partition 76 is formed between the throttle valves 77a and 77b and the suction air quantity detecting means. That is, an air passage where the suction air quantity detecting means is located is formed as a single passage, but an air passage from the downstream of the detecting means through the throttle valves 77a and 77b to the collectors 74a and 74b is formed as dual separate passages. The variable induction valve 73 mounted on the partition 75 in this preferred embodiment is operated similarly to the ninth preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 27. Figs. 29 and 30 schematically illustrate a layout in an engine room 80 of an automobile in which a suction device 81 according to the present invention is mounted. Fig. 30 is a cross section taken along the line X-X in Fig. 29. The suction device 81 is located in a space defined between left and right banks and of a V-type internal combustion engine 82. Reference numerals 83a and 83b denote spaces where an air cleaner, a throttle valve, etc. were conventionally located. In this preferred embodiment, since these elements are incorporated in the suction device 81, any other parts located in the spaces 83a and 83b can be easily maintained or inspected. An eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 31. In this preferred embodiment, an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) passage 90 is provided in the suction device 21 so that outlets 93 of the EGR passage 90 respectively open into the individual suction pipes at positions downstream of the fuel injection valves 91. If an EGR device is provided in a collector 92 as in the prior art, the fuel injection valves 91 located downstream of the collector 92 are stained by an EGR gas. To avoid this problem, the outlets 93 of the EGR passage 90 in this preferred embodiment open downstream of the fuel injection valves 91 to thereby prevent the stain of the valves 91 by the EGR gas. A twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 32. In this preferred embodiment, an EGR passage 95 is connected to a swirl passage 94 for forming a swirl of air in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. With this arrangement, a suction air from the swirl passage 94 and an EGR gas from the EGR passage 95 can be uniformly mixed in the combustion chamber. A thirteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 33 to 37. Fig. 34 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 33, and Fig. 35 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 33. A partition 105 for equally dividing an air passage in a suction device 100 into right and left areas is provided in a collector 101, a throttle portion 102 in which the throttle valve 8 is located, a vertical passage 103, and an upper horizontal passage 104. Further, a variable induction valve 106 is mounted on the partition 105 so as to communicate the right and left portions of the collector 101. In the upper horizontal passage 104, the partition 105 extends from the rear end of the passage 104 to the downstream of an air flow meter 107. The air flow meter 107 is located in a single air passage, and an air cleaner element 108 is located upstream of the air flow meter 107 in this single air passage. The purpose of provision of the partition 105 is to obtain a supercharging effect. That is, when the variable induction valve 106 is closed, the supercharging effect can be obtained in a low-speed condition of an internal combustion engine, whereas when the variable induction valve 106 is opened, an effective point of the supercharging effect is shifted to a high-speed region of operation of the engine. This effect will be described in detail with reference to Figs. 36 and 37. In these drawings, reference numeral 110 denotes a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and reference numeral 109 denotes an individual suction pipe of the suction device 100. Fig. 36 shows a closed condition of the variable induction valve 106. In this closed condition, a resonance suction length participating the supercharging is the total length of the individual suction pipe 109, the collector 101, the throttle portion 102, the vertical passage 103, and the upper horizontal passage 104, which length is a considerably large length. Accordingly, a resonance frequency is low, and a resonance effect occurs in a low-speed condition of the engine. On the other hand, when the variable induction valve 106 is opened as shown in Fig. 37, the resonance suction length becomes the length of the individual suction pipe 109 plus the distance from it to the variable induction valve 106. Thus, the resonance suction length is shortened, and the resonance effect therefore occurs in a high-speed condition of the engine. In this manner, the resonance suction length can be changed by opening and closing the variable induction valve 106 to thereby obtain a resonance supercharging effect in a wide operational region of the engine. A fourteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 38 to 45. Fig. 39 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 38, and Fig. 40 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 38. This preferred embodiment is similar to the thirteenth preferred embodiment with the exception that the partition 105 is extended to a position upstream of the air flow meter 107 and downstream of the air cleaner element 108 in the upper horizontal passage 104. Accordingly, the air flow meter 107 is provided so as to pass through the partition 105 and extend across the upper horizontal passage 104. When the variable induction valve 106 is closed, the suction length can be made larger than that in the thirteenth preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 33. A control unit 111 is located in the upper horizontal passage 104, so as to be cooled by an air flow. In this preferred embodiment, the air flow meter 107 is so designed as to measure the quantities of air flows in two air passages 121 and 122 separated by the partition 105. Figs. 41 and 42 show a preferred embodiment of the air flow meter 107. Fig. 42 is a cross section taken along a part of Fig. 41. As shown in Figs. 41 and 42, lead wires 118 are embedded in a probe 112, and two hot wires 113 and 114 are connected to the lead wires 118. The two hot wires 113 and 114 are located in two air passages 116 and 117 respectively communicating with the two air passages 121 and 122 separated by the partition 105. Accordingly, the velocities of air flows in the two air passages 121 and 122 can be measured by the hot wires 113 and 114, respectively. Then, an average of the velocities thus measured is calculated to thereby detect the quantity of suction air sucked into the internal combustion engine. Reference numeral 115 denotes a resistor for compensating a suction air temperature. The resistor 115 is located in the air passage 117 in this preferred embodiment; however, it may be located in the air passage 116. Fig. 43 is another preferred embodiment of the air flow meter 107. In this preferred embodiment, the air flow meter 107 has a common air inlet 120 equally exposed to the two air passages 121 and 122 separated by the partition 105, and has two air outlets 123 and 124 respectively opening to the two air passages 121 and 122. Further, a single hot wire 119 is located in a common air passage formed just downstream of the air inlet 120. With this arrangement, an average velocity of air flows in the two air passages 121 and 122 can be measured by the hot wire 119. Figs. 44 and 45 schematically illustrate a resonance supercharging effect in the fourteenth preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 38. Fig. 44 shows a closed condition of the variable induction valve 106. In this closed condition, the resonance suction length is a total distance from the individual suction pipe 109 to the upstream of the air flow meter 107. Accordingly, the resonance suction length in this preferred embodiment can be made larger than that in the thirteenth preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 36, so that an engine speed at which the resonance supercharging effect occurs can be shifted to a lower point as compared with the embodiment shown in Fig. 36. On the other hand, when the variable induction valve 106 is opened as shown in Fig. 45, the resonance suction length is shortened as shown by a wavy line as similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 37. Thus, an engine speed range where the resonance supercharging effect occurs can be more widened as compared with the embodiment shown in Figs. 36 and 37. A fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 46 to 49. Fig. 47 is a cross section taken along the line C-C in Fig. 46; Fig. 48 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 46; and Fig. 49 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 46. In this preferred embodiment, a part of the partition 105 is utilized as a substrate of a control unit 125. With this arrangement, it is unnecessary to define a special space for locating the control unit 125. The flow of suction air will be described with reference to Figs. 47 to 49. The suction air passes through the air cleaner element 108 and is then divided by the partition 105 in the upper horizontal passage 104 as shown in Fig. 47. Then, the suction air flows down in the vertical passage 103 and passes through the throttle portion 102 as shown in Fig. 48. Then, the suction air enters the collector 101 and is led from inlets 126 of individual suction pipes to suction ports 127 of an internal combustion engine as shown in Fig. 49. A sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 50 to 52. Fig. 51 is a cross section taken along the line B-B in Fig. 50, and Fig. 52 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 50. In this preferred embodiment, a part of the vertical partition 105 is utilized as a substrate of the control unit 125 as similar to the fifteenth preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 46. Further, various wiring patterns connected between the control unit 125 and various elements such as the air flow meter 107 and the throttle valves 8 are formed on the vertical partition 105 and a horizontal partition 140. More specifically, a wiring pattern 137 connected to a power switch 130 for an igniter is printed on the horizontal partition 140 and the vertical partition 105. Similarly, there are printed on the horizontal partition 140 and /or the vertical partition 105 a wiring pattern 138 connected to the air flow meter 107, a wiring pattern 136 connected to an actuator 131 for driving the variable induction valve 106, a wiring pattern 139 connected to a motor 132 for driving the throttle valves 8, and a wiring pattern 135 connected to the fuel injection valves 133. With this arrangement, no wire harnesses are required to exhibit various effects such as weight reduction, cost reduction, and space saving. The flow of suction air in this preferred embodiment is similar to that in the fifteenth preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 47 to 49. A seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 53 and 54. In this preferred embodiment, a wiring 142 is built in a fuel gallery 141 connected to the fuel injection valves 91. The wiring 142 is electrically connected to each fuel injection valve 91 to transmit a signal for controlling a valve opening timing and a valve opening period of each fuel injection valve 91. A power element 143 for driving the fuel injection valves 91 and a fuel pressure regulator 144 are mounted on the fuel gallery 141. While the power element 143 is heated, it is cooled by a fuel flowing in a fuel passage 145 formed in the fuel gallery 141. The wiring 142 is connected to a terminal 146, which is in turn connected to a wiring pattern 147 leading to the control unit 125 as shown in Fig. 54. With this arrangement, the construction of wiring to the fuel injection valves 91 can be simplified. An eighteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 55 and 56. Fig. 56 is a cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 55. In this preferred embodiment, an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) device effective for purification of an exhaust gas is provided. The exhaust gas from an exhaust pipe (not shown) is introduced from a passage 152 through a solenoid valve 151 to a passage 148. As shown in Fig. 56, the the passage 148 is formed in the vertical partition 105, and communicate through branch pipes 150 respectively to individual suction pipes 149. Accordingly, the exhaust gas is supplied from the passage 148 through the branch pipes 150 and the individual suction pipes 149 to cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The quantity of the exhaust gas to be supplied to the passage 148 is controlled by the solenoid valve 151. Figs. 57 and 58 illustrate different layouts of a suction device 160 according to the present invention in an engine room 165 of an automobile 166. The layout shown in Fig. 57 is in the case where a V-type internal combustion engine is longitudinally mounted. In this case, since the suction device 160 is mounted between left and right banks 163 and 164 of the V -type internal combustion engine, side spaces between the engine and tires 167 can be widened, so that other parts can be easily mounted in these spaces and the maintenance can be easily carried out. On the other hand, the layout shown in Fig. 58 is in the case where the V-type internal combustion engine is transversely mounted. In this case, since the suction device 160 is mounted between the left and right banks 163 and 164 of the engine, a partition 169 between the engine room 165 and a cabin 168 can be shifted frontward of the automobile 166. That is, the space of the engine room 165 can be reduced to thereby enlarge the space of the cabin 168. In this manner, various merits on the automobile 166 can be obtained owing to a compact design of the suction device 160. In the present invention, a suction device including all parts from an air cleaner to the suction ports may be made compact, so that the space of the engine room can be effectively used in such a manner that a mounting space for other parts can be widened, the maintenance can be easily carried out, and a cabin space can be enlarged. While the invention is illustrated as applied to a V-type invention, its application is not restricted to this, and it may be used with a straight or in-line type engine for example.

Claims: A suction device (21) for an internal combustion engine (20), comprising, a common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101) for receiving air from an air inlet (5), a plurality of suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109), each suction pipe (11, 47, 71, 109) having an inlet portion communicating with the common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101) and an outlet portion (4) for connection to a respective cylinder of the engine (20), a plurality of swirl ducts (14, 49) extending from said common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101) to outlet portions of respective ones of said plurality of suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109), and a plurality of swirl control valves (15, 48) in said suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109) for controlling the relative flow of air from said common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101) to said outlet portions through the plurality of suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109) and the plurality of swirl ducts (14, 49), the suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109) being arranged side-by-side and adjacent suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109) overlap each other, the swirl control valves (15, 48) being provided in respective overlapping portions of the suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109) and being carried by a common shaft (55) by which they are controlled, characterized in that: the adjacent suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 101) approach each other from said respective outlet portions and cross at a crossing portion and extend over from the crossing portion and after that an end portion of the respective suction pipe (11, 47, 71, 109) is connected to the common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101). An internal combustion engine (20) having a suction device (21) according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine (20) is a V-type internal combustion engine, and each of the common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101), the plurality of suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109), the plurality of swirl ducts (14, 49), and the plurality of swirl control valves (15, 48) is provided in a space defined between right (1) and left banks (2) of the V-shape internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine (20) according to claim 2, wherein a throttle valve (8), disposed in an air intake of said common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101) is provided at a central lower portion of the space defined between right (1) and left banks (2)of the V-shape internal combustion engine, and each of suction pipes (11, 47, 71, 109) has a U-like configuration of having one turn over portion and the U-like configuration of adjacent suction pipes are arranged to form a substantially V-shape between right (1) and left banks (2) of the V-shape internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine (20) according to claim 3, wherein said common collection chamber (10, 45, 92, 101) is provided at the central lower portion of the space defined between right (1) and left banks (2) of the V-shape internal combustion engine and is arranged on a substantially same positional level line to said throttle valve (8), and the respective crossing portion of the suction pipes (10, 45, 92, 101) is provided in a central upper portion of the shape defined between right (1) and left banks (2) of the V-shape internal combustion engine.

Inventors: KURIHARA NOBUO, OHSUGA MINORU, SASAKI YASUSHI, YAMAGUCHI JUNICHI, KURIHARA, NOBUO, OHSUGA, MINORU, SASAKI, YASUSHI, YAMAGUCHI, JUNICHI
Applicants: HITACHI LTD, HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F02M35
IPC codes: F02M35, F02B31, F02B75, F02B27