Matable connector

Abstract: A bolt (4) provided on a female connector housing (1) is tightened relative to a nut (6), provided on a male connector housing (2), displacing the two connector housings relative to each other in a connecting direction, thereby fitting them together. An upwardly-extending, bar-like projection portion (7) is provided on the male connector housing (2). A detection member (9) is provided in an insertion hole (8) formed in the female connector housing (1). When the two connector housings are displaced relative to each other in the connecting direction, the projection pin (7) and the detection member (9) cooperate to indicate a fitting-completed condition, enabling easily perceived completion of the connection. Alternatively, the male and female connector housings include electrically engageable sensing elements that indicate the fitting-completed condition.

Description: This invention relates to a connector in which two connector housings are fitted together, and more particularly to a connector in which a fitting-completed condition of the two connector housings can be detected by a fitting indicator such as a detection pin or electrical detector. In connectors, and particularly the type of connector having many terminals, the force for fitting male and female connector housings is large, so that a large force is required for attaching and detaching them. To deal with this, there has been proposed a so-called screw tightening-type connector. In this construction, a bolt is rotatably mounted, for example, on a female connector housing, and a nut is mounted on a male connector housing. The bolt is tightened relative to the nut, thereby fitting the two connector housings together. Incidentally, the bolt tightening operation is carried out using a tool such as an impact wrench. If the bolt is tightened excessively, the bolt may be broken, or the housing may be damaged. Therefore, in recent years, there has been proposed a construction in which a threaded portion of a bolt is provided partially on a distal end portion of a bolt shaft, and in a fitting-completed condition of two connector housings, the threaded portion of the bolt extends forwardly from the nut, thereby freely rotating without engagement with the nut. This prevents excessive tightening of the bolt (see, for example, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 63-13283). However, in the above construction in which the bolt freely rotates in the fitting-completed condition of the two connector housings, an excessive tightening of the bolt is eliminated, but in a tightening operation by an impact wrench, the operator cannot clearly perceive the degree of tightening of the bolt. Accordingly, the operator may stop the tightening operation before the fitting-completed condition of the two connector housings is achieved, that is, in a so-called half-fitted condition. From US-A-4 629 351 a fitting indicating mechanism for a screw type connector is known, the present invention starts from. Said mechanism comprises a male connector housing having an engaging portion; a female connector housing having cavity means for receiving said engaging portion therewithin; a tubular body having a bore contiguous to said cavity means and a plurality of flexible support arms extending into said bore toward a direction opposite to said female connection housing; and an indicator rod held to extend within said cavity means and said bore, said indicator rod being biased toward the male connector housing such that said flexible support arms covers the indicator rod when fitting engagement of both housing connectors is not completed but pushes open said flexible support arms upon completion thereof such that said indicator rod is exposed out the flexible arms. Thus, the indicator rod or fitting detection pin according to US-A-4 629 351 projects from one of the two connector housings and remains projecting even after a complete fitting of the two connector housings. However, if the fitting detection pin stays outside protruding from one of the connector housings in the completely fitted condition, it is at least very difficult, not to say impossible, to detect the fitting condition of the two connector housings by the mere degree of protrusion of the fitting detection pin. In other words, an operator cannot readily detect whether the pin already protruding from one of the connector housing in case of US-A-4 629 351 indicates an already achieved completely fitted condition, or a condition just before (connection not yet complete) or already beyond (bolt excessively tightet). Great skill and experience is necessary in case of US-A-4 629 351 to determine the correct state of connection by merely looking at the fitting detection pin. The present invention has been made under the above circumstances, and an object of the invention is to provide a connector in which a fitted condition of two connector housings can be easily perceived. Solution of this object is achieved by what is claimed in claim 1. Accordingly, a connector according to present invention includes a first connector housing and a second conector housing, wherein a bolt is provided on said first connector housing, a nut is provided on said second connector housing and by tightening said bolt relative to said nut, said first and second connector housings are displaced relative to each other in a connecting direction to be fitted together, the connector furthermore comprises an indicator disposed on one of said first and second connector housings, said indicator being displaced in accordance with the displacement of said first and second connector housings in the connection direction to indicate a fitting-completed condition of said first and second connector housings, wherein the connector further comprises: a pin insertion aperture formed in said first connector housing and having opposite open ends; a fitting detection pin having a resiliently inwardly-deformable insertion piece at a distal end thereof, said detection pin being inserted into said pin insertion aperture from one end of said pin insertion aperture; and a projection portion formed on said second connector housing, said projection portion being inserted into said pin insertion aperture from the other end thereof in accordance with the displacement of said first and second connector housings in the connecting direction, said projection pin retaining said fitting detection pin at a distal end thereof to urge said detection pin toward the one end of said pin insertion aperture, wherein when said fitting detection pin is urged by said projection portion, said insertion piece is gradually resiliently deformed inwardly, wherein furthermore in a fitting-uncompleted condition of said first and second connector housings, said fitting detection pin is retained from further insertion by said projection portion, and in a fitting-completed condition of said two connector housings, the amount of deformation of the insertion piece is large, so that the retaining thereof by said projection portion is released, and therefore said fitting detection pin can be inserted within the distal end of said projection portion. The measure to make the fitting detection pin insertable within the distal end of the projection portion upon a complete fitting-together of two connector housings has the benefit that during fitting of the two connector housings together, the "head" of the fitting detection pin firstly projects from the one connector housing, so that an operator can readily see the fitting operation progressing. Furthermore the operator can readily detect the completely fitted condition by simply exerting a slight pressure onto the projecting head of the fitting detection pin: if the pin disappears or slides back into the connector housing due to his lower end already being inserted within the distal end of the projection portion, the fitting condition of the two connector housings is completed. If, however, the fitting detection pin exerts resistance against the pressure, then the two connector housings are not yet completely fitted together. Thus, both uncomplete fitting and excessive tightening of the bolt can be prevented in a simple and yet reliable way. The present invention can be more fully understood from the following description of preferred embodiments, which is to be seen in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view of a first embodiment of the present invention, showing a fitting-uncompleted condition of two connector housings; Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing a distal end portion of a fitting detection pin; Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a condition immediately before the fitting of the two connector housings is completed; Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a fitting-completed condition of the two connector housings; Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a condition before the fitting detection pin is attached to the female connector housing; Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a condition in which the fitting detection pin is attached to the female connector housing; Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view of a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition before two connector housings are fitted together; Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a fitting-completed condition; Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a distal end portion of a fitting detection pin on an enlarged scale; Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing the fitting process; Fig. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a fitting-completed condition; and Fig. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional, front view showing a condition before the fitting detection pin is attached. A female connector housing 1 is in the form of a rectangular block as a whole and has a number of female terminals (not shown) provided therein. An upper surface portion of female connector housing 1 is covered with a cover 3 made, for example, of rubber. A bolt insertion hole 1a is formed through a central portion of the female connector housing 1 in a vertical direction, and a bolt 4 is received in the bolt insertion hole 1a. A threaded portion 4a is formed only on a distal end portion of a shaft of the bolt 4, and a bolt head 4b is projected from the upper surface of the female connector housing 1. In this condition, the bolt 4 is rotatable relative to the female connector housing 1 and is supplied with a moving force in a direction (vertical direction in the drawings) of forward and backward threaded movement. The male connector housing 2 has a tubular hood portion 2b of a square shape with an open top. The hood portion is formed on an upper portion of a base 2a, which is of a rectangular shape. The hood portion 2b has such a size that the female connector housing 1 can be fitted therein. A number of male terminals (not shown), corresponding respectively to the previously-mentioned female terminals, are provided within the male connector housing 2 and are supported on the base 2a. A boss 5, having a through hole vertically extending therethrough, is provided at a central portion of the male connector housing 2, and is projected upward from and formed integrally with the base 2a. A nut 6 for threaded engagement with the bolt 4 is provided integrally within the boss 5, for example, by insert molding. With this arrangement, by tightening the threaded portion 4a of the bolt 4 relative to the nut 6, the two connector housings 1 and 2 are displaced relative to each other in a connecting direction (vertical direction) and are fitted together, as shown in Fig.1. In the fitted condition of the two connector housings 1 and 2, the male terminals are mechanically coupled respectively to the female terminals, and are electrically connected thereto. A pin insertion hole 8' for the insertion of a fitting detection pin 9' (later described) thereinto is formed in a left portion (in the drawings) of the female connector housing 1 and extends therethrough in a vertical direction. As shown in Fig.5, the pin insertion hole 8' has a smaller-diameter portion 8a at its upper end portion, a tapered portion 8b, which extends from this smaller-diameter portion to an intermediate portion and increases in diameter progressively downwardly. A lower half portion of a larger diameter extends to a lower end of the hole without changing its diameter. An insertion port 10 is formed in the cover 3 and the cover holder 3a and is disposed in registry with the upper end portion of the pin insertion hole 8'. On the other hand, as shown in Fig.1, the male connector housing 2 has a projection portion 7' in the form of a cylindrical boss that is projected upwardly from the base 2a, and is disposed in registry with the pin insertion hole 8'. An insertion hole 7a is formed through the projection portion 7' in a vertical direction. The fitting detection pin 9' is made, for example, of a plastics material and has integral insertion pieces 9a and 9a provided at a distal end portion of a shaft thereof corresponding in diameter to the smaller-diameter portion 8a of the pin insertion hole 8' and the insertion port 10, the insertion pieces 9a and 9a being expansible into a bifurcated configuration in a downward direction. A head 9b of an enlarged diameter is formed on the upper end of the fitting detection pin 9'. The insertion pieces 9a and 9a are expanded outwardly away from each other when an external force acts on them, and the insertion pieces can be resiliently deformed inwardly, that is, in a direction to narrow the expansion, by an external force. The fitting detection pin 9' is beforehand received at its distal end portion in the pin insertion hole 8' of the female connector housing. In this case, for setting the fitting detection pin 9' on the female connector housing 1, the insertion pieces 9a and 9a are joined together into a smaller dimension as shown in Fig.5, and in this condition, the fitting detection pin is inserted into the pin insertion hole 8' through the insertion port 10. As a result, the insertion pieces 9a and 9a are expanded into an angle corresponding to that of the tapered portion 8b of the pin insertion hole 8', with the head 9b placed on the upper surface of the insertion port 10. Next, the operation for fitting the two connector housings 1 and 2 together in the above construction will now be described. First, the female connector housing 1, having the fitting detection pin 9' beforehand attached thereto as described above, is lightly fitted into the male connector housing 2 from the upper side, so that the threaded portion 4a of the bolt 4 can now be threaded into the nut 6. Then, the operator tightens the bolt 4 relative to the nut 6 using a tool such as an impact wrench. As a result, the two connector housings 1 and 2 are displaced relative to each other in a connecting direction and are fitted together as described above. At this time, the projection portion 7' is inserted into the pin insertion hole 8' from the lower side and moves upward as the two connector housings 1 and 2 are displaced in the connecting direction. Then, the two connector housings 1 and 2 are fitted together to a certain degree, and in this half-fitted condition, the distal end (that portion around the insertion hole 7a) of the projection portion 7' retains the insertion pieces 9a and 9a to urge the fitting detection pin 9' upwardly as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so that the fitting detection pin 9' is pushed back upwardly. When this fitting detection pin 9' is pushed back upwardly, the insertion pieces 9a and 9a move upward within the pin insertion hole 8', and are deformed inwardly by the smaller-diameter portion 8a at the upper portion of the insertion hole, so that the expansion of the insertion pieces is reduced (see Fig.2). Thus, as the fitting of the two connector housings 1 and 2 proceeds, the expansion of the insertion pieces 9a and 9a is reduced, and in a fitting-uncompleted condition before a condition (see Fig.3) immediately before the fitting-completed condition, the width between the insertion pieces 9a and 9a is still larger than the inner diameter of the insertion hole 7a of the projection portion 7'. Therefore, in the fitting-uncompleted condition of the two connector housings 1 and 2, the distal end portion of the fitting detection pin 9' is retained by the distal end of the projection portion 7', and is prevented from further insertion. Then, when the two connector housings 1 and 2 are finally fitted together completely, the amount of deformation of the insertion pieces 9a and 9a is large, and the retaining of the insertion pieces 9a and 9a relative to the projection portion 7' is released. The width between the insertion pieces 9a and 9a is reduced to such a dimension that they can be inserted into the insertion hole 7a. Therefore, in this condition, the fitting detection pin 9' can be inserted to a position beyond the distal end of the projection portion 7', and by pushing the fitting detection pin 9', the distal end portion of the fitting detection pin 9' is inserted into the insertion hole 7a, as shown in Fig.4. Therefore, by realizing how far the fitting detection pin 9' can be inserted, the operator can know whether or not the two connector housings 1 and 2 are in the fitting-completed condition. In this embodiment, depending on whether or not the two connector housings 1 and 2 are in the fitting-completed condition, the amount of insertion of the fitting detection pin 9' is varied. Therefore, by inserting the fitting detection pin 9' into the pin insertion hole 8' at the time of fitting the two connector housings 1 and 2 together, the operator can readily know the condition of fitting of the two connector housings 1 and 2. As a result, an excessive tightening of the bolt 4 can be prevented, and also the situation in which the operation is stopped when the two connector housings 1 and 2 are still in the half-fitted condition is prevented. This provides an excellent advantage that the two connector housings 1 and 2 can be positively brought into the fitting-completed condition. Furthermore, the fitting detection pin 9' will not be projected if the connector is not fitted, and therefore, when the connectors are transferred as single units, the fitting detection pin is prevented from dropping. A second embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 7 to 12. Fig. 7 shows a condition before two connector housings 1 and 2 are fitted together, Fig.8 shows a fitting-uncompleted' condition (half-fitted condition), Fig. 10 shows a condition immediately before the completion of the fitting, and Fig. 11 shows a fitting-completed condition. In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 12 and other figures, a pin insertion hole 12 for the insertion of a fitting detection pin 11 (later described) thereinto is formed in a left portion (in the drawings) of the female connector housing 1 and extends therethrough in an upwarddownward direction. A shallow groove 12a is formed in a right portion (in the drawings) of the pin insertion hole 12 and extends downwardly except for an upper end portion thereof. A deep groove 12b deeper than the shallow groove 12a is formed in a left portion (in the drawings) of the pin insertion hole 12 and extends downwardly except for the upper end portion. With this arrangement, a retaining wall portion 13 is formed at the upper end of the deep groove 12b of the female connector housing 1, as shown in Fig. 9 and other figures. The male connector housing 2 has a projection portion 14 corresponding to the deep groove 12b of the pin insertion hole 12, which projection portion is projected upwardly from a base 2a, as shown in Fig. 7 and other figures. A groove 14a is formed in a right portion (in the drawings) of the projection portion 14 and extends downwardly except for an upper end portion thereof. The fitting detection pin 11 is made, for example, of a plastics material and has a head 11a of an enlarged diameter at an upper end of its shaft and integral bifurcated insertion pieces 15 and 16 at a distal end portion of its shaft, which insertion pieces extend substantially downwardly, as shown in Fig 12. As shown in Fig. 9, a pawl 15b having a slanting surface 15a is formed at the distal end of the left insertion piece 15 and is directed outwardly (to the left), and further an outwardly convex portion 15c is formed on this insertion piece and is disposed slightly above pawl 15b. A pawl 16a is formed on the distal end of the right insertion piece 16 and is directed outwardly (to the right in the drawings). The insertion pieces 15 and 16 can be resiliently deformed inwardly. The fitting detection pin 11 is attached to the female connector housing 1 in such a manner that the pin is inserted into the pin insertion hole 12. In this condition, the pawl 16a of the right insertion piece 16 is engaged in the shallow groove 12a of the pin insertion hole 12, and the retaining wall portion 13 is disposed between the pawl 15b and the convex portion 15c of the left insertion piece 15 so that the fitting detection pin 11 is prevented from movement in both upward and downward directions. In this embodiment, when the two connector housings 1 and 2 are displaced in a connecting direction., the projection portion 14 is inserted into the deep groove 12b of the pin insertion hole 12 from the lower side and is moved upwardly relative thereto. Then, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, when the two connector housings 1 and 2 are fitted together to a certain degree, that is, in a half-fitted condition, the distal end of the projection portion 14 abuts against the slanting surface 15a of the pawl 15b on the distal end of the insertion piece 15 and urges it upwardly so that the insertion piece 15 held against upward and downward movement is displaced inwardly (to the right). Then, when the two connector housings 1 and 2 are finally brought into the fitting-completed condition, the amount of deformation of the insertion piece 15 becomes maximum, so that the pawl 15b is displaced right from the projection portion 14, and the convex portion 15c is disposed on the right side of the retaining wall portion 13. Therefore, in this condition, the fitting detection pin 11 can be inserted into the pin insertion hole 12, and by pushing the fitting detection pin 11, the fitting detection pin 11 is fully inserted into the pin insertion hole 12 as shown in Fig. 11. At this time, the pawl 15b of the insertion piece 15 becomes engaged in the groove 14a of the projection portion 14. Thus, in this embodiment, also, by realizing how far the fitting detection pin 11 can be inserted, the operator can know whether or not the two connector housings 1 and 2 are in the fitting-completed condition, as in the above embodiments. As a result, an excessive tightening of bolt 4 can be prevented, and also the situation in which the operation is stopped when the two connector housings 1 and 2 are still in the half-fitted condition is prevented. Therefore, there is provided an excellent advantage that the two connector housings 1 and 2 can be positively brought into the fitting-completed condition. In each of the above embodiments, in the fitting operation of the two connector housings 1 and 2, whether or not the fitting-completed condition is achieved is detected by the fitting detection pin 9', 11; however, whether or not the fitting-completed condition is achieved may be checked by inserting the fitting detection pin 9', 11 after the fitting operation. The insertion hole and the fitting detection pin may be provided at the male connector housing 2 while the projection portion may be provided at the female connector housing 1. In the connector of the present invention, as described above, the pin insertion hole for the insertion of the fitting detection pin thereinto is provided in the one connector housing, and the retaining projection portion is provided on the other connector housing, and the amount of insertion of the fitting detection pin is varied depending on whether or not the two connector housings are in the fitting-completed condition. With this construction, there is achieved an excellent advantage that by inserting the fitting detection pin into the pin insertion hole, the condition of fitting of the two connector housings can be readily perceived. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, these embodiments are not intended to be limiting. Various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: A connector including a first connector housing (1) and a second conector housing (2), wherein a bolt (4) is provided on said first connector housing (1), a nut (6) is provided on said second connector housing (2), and by tightening said bolt (4) relative to said nut (6), said first and second connector housings (1, 2) are displaced relative to each other in a connecting direction to be fitted together, the connector furthermore comprises an indicator disposed on one of said first and second connector housings (1, 2), said indicator being displaced in accordance with the displacement of said first and second connector housings (1, 2) in the connection direction to indicate a fitting-completed condition of said first and second connector housings (1, 2), wherein the connector further comprises: a pin insertion aperture (8'; 12) formed in said first connector housing (1) and having opposite open ends; a fitting detection pin (9'; 11) having a resiliently inwardly-deformable insertion piece (9a; 15b) at a distal end thereof, said detection pin (9'; 11) being inserted into said pin insertion aperture (8'; 12) from one end of said pin insertion aperture; and a projection portion (7'; 14) formed on said second connector housing (2), said projection portion (7'; 14) being inserted into said pin insertion aperture (8'; 12) from the other end thereof in accordance with the displacement of said first and second connector housings (1, 2) in the connecting direction, said projection pin (7'; 14) retaining said fitting detection pin (9'; 11) at a distal end thereof to urge said detection pin toward the one end of said pin insertion aperture (8'; 12), wherein when said fitting detection pin (9'; 11) is urged by said projection portion (7'; 14), said insertion piece (9a; 15b) is gradually resiliently deformed inwardly, wherein furthermore in a fitting-uncompleted condition of said first and second connector housings (1, 2), said fitting detection pin (9'; 11) is retained from further insertion by said projection portion (7'; 14), and in a fitting-completed condition of said two connector housings (1, 2), the amount of deformation of the insertion piece (9a; 15b) is large, so that the retaining thereof by said projection portion (7'; 14) is released, and therefore said fitting detection pin (9'; 11) can be inserted within the distal end of said projection portion (7'; 14). The connector of claim 1, wherein said pin insertion aperture (12) includes a first vertically extending groove (12a) and an opposing second vertically extending groove (12b), said second groove (12b) terminating at a retaining wall portion (13) extending inward into said pin insertion aperture (12). The connector of claim 2, wherein said detection pin (11) includes two inwardly deformable pawls (15b, 16a), one pawl (16a) being engageable within said first groove (12a) and guidable therealong and the other pawl (15b) being engageable within said second groove (12b) and guidable therealong. The connector of claim 3, wherein said detection pin (11) additionally includes a third pawl (15c) located above said retaining wall portion (13), said detection pin being restrained from movement within said pin insertion aperture (12) by said third pawl (15c) being on one side of said retaining wall portion and said first pawl (15b) being located on an opposite side of said retaining wall portion. The connector of claim 3, wherein said projection portion (14) comprises an inclined surface for inwardly deforming said first pawl (15b) in a fitting-completed condition, thereby allowing said detection pin (11) to freely move within said pin insertion aperture. The connector of claim 1, wherein said detection pin (9') includes two bifurcated-extensible insertion pieces (9a) at a distal end thereof, said insertion pieces being spread apart in a fitting-uncompleted condition of said first and second housings (1, 2), said insertion pieces being gradually resiliently deformed inwardly by a tapered portion (8b) of said pin insertion aperture (8') as said housings (1, 2) are mated together, said insertion pieces (9a) being deformed to a size in a fitting complete condition that allows said detection pin (9') to be movable within said pin insertion aperture to be inserted within the distal end of said projection portion (7').

Inventors: NABESHIMA AKIRA, SABA TOSHIKAZU, WATANABE KAORU, NABESHIMA, AKIRA, SABA, TOSHIKAZU, WATANABE, KAORU, NABESHIMA, AKIRA, C/O SUMITOMO WIRING SYST., LTD., SABA, TOSHIKAZU, C/O SUMITOMO WIRING SYST., LTD., WATANABE, KAORU, C/O SUMITOMO WIRING SYST., LTD.
Applicants: SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H01R13
IPC codes: H01R13