METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR TAKING PICTURES OF THE HUMAN BODY, ESPECIALLY OF THE MOUTH CAVITY

Abstract: In connection with the artificial construction of a tooth, dental bridge, etc., pictures are taken from at least two different angles by means of a camera (1) which comprises a camera housing for film (3), and a lens system (2). Optical radiation (17, 18) emanating from a respective object or object part (13, 14, 15, 16) is reflected on one or more radiation-reflecting reflection surfaces (9a, 10a), which are situated between the respective object or object part and the lens system, before passing through the lens system (2) to the film (3) in the camera housing. At leat two virtual lens functions (19, 20) which are situated at a distance from one another are obtained in this way. With these lens functions, two different images of the respective object or object part are generated simultaneously from the said different angles at one and the same exposure with the camera (1).

Description: Method and arrangement for taking pictures of the human body, especially of the mouth cavity. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for taking pictures of the human body, especially of the mouth cavity, or of a model for artificial construction of a tooth, dentine, a prosthesis, etc., here called objects, and for taking these pictures from at least two different angles. So-called stereophotography, that is photography for three-dimensional measurement, etc. may be appropriate in this respect. The method uses camera equipment which comprises a camera housing for film or other image-recording material, and a lens system, and which, when photographs are being taken, is aimed at one or more objects or object parts, for example implant, tooth remnant, tooth, etc. Possible examples of image- recording material besides film (silver film) are digital video (CCD camera) or digital camera. The invention also relates to a camera for implementing the method. PRIOR ART It is already known to use stereophotography in connection with producing dental articles and for dental work, in which case at least two cameras have generally been set up at a distance from one another and have been activated for taking pictures from different angles. It is also already known to use stereophotography in photogra-mmetric connections for measuring locations and positions of various surfaces, teeth, objects, etc. In order to be able to reach conclusions on the actual positions in space/the actual coordinate system, it is possible to use various aids, such as coordinate- measuring equipment, marked glass discs, etc. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL PROBLEM There is a requirement for it to be possible to produce dental articles (dental bridges, dental caps, etc.) in a simpler way compared with the present-day production methods. The invention aims to solve this problem. When producing dental bridges, pros heses and the like, a model is normally made at present by taking an impression with an impression compound in the mouth cavity. There is a requirement that it should be possible to eliminate such modelling in the methods for production of the dental article. The invention solves this problem. The use of stereophotography is not entirely self-evident in this context, even if it does solve the problem of eliminating modelling with an impression compound. The use of two or more cameras for establishing stereophotographs presents problems, since it is difficult to prevent the patient from moving between two shots. Even very small time delays between the shots, and small movements of the patient, have a deleterious effect on the result, and one must therefore ask oneself whether the known equipment is not more suited to laboratory tests rather than to everyday clinical use. The invention solves this problem and proposes an arrangement which can be used in the practical application. Stereophotography must be able to provide a greater degree of accuracy or resolution in the dental product compared with previous uses of stereophotographic equipment. The invention solves this problem and also displays a greater degree of accuracy even in comparison with the use of the said modelling. It has been shown that methods and arrangements used hitherto have led to static stress forces being built into the dental article/dental bridge in question, and even though these forces are relatively small, they lead in the long term to a collapse of all or part of the jaw bone in question. There is therefore a need for substantially greater accuracy of production than has previously been the case. The invention solves this problem too. In connection with dental work in and around the mouth cavity, it is important that the photographic equipment employed can have small dimensions and can be easy to handle when in use. The space available in and around the patient's mouth cavity is limited, and the personnel providing the treatment should not need to possess any photographic expertise in order to perform their dental work. The invention solves this problem too. In accordance with the concept of the invention, the mirrors reflecting the optical radiation will be used to form virtual lens functions which are arranged at a distance from one another in order to obtain the stereo imaging effect. In one embodiment, the interaction between the camera parts and the reflection surface(s) will be able to be locked in a mutual relationship at the works so that a simplified use of the camera is achieved. The invention solves this problem too. In a further embodiment, it will be possible for the measurements in the images to be overdefined and for the positions of the lenses to be determined by means of solution of equation systems. This is also permitted by the invention. There is a need to render more efficient all the operations surrounding the production of dental articles which are applied in the mouth cavity, with the whole production chain being taken into account, including examination of the patient's mouth and production in the actual material (titanium, for example) in the machine. The novel method and arrangement reveal new avenues for realizing such methods and arrangements and can be used, for example, in connection with the method and the arrangement according to the Swedish patent [lacuna] . When working in the mouth cavity, it should be possible, for example, to effect imaging of a number of implants (2 to 6 implants, for example) in a jaw bone both at the level of the fixture and at the level of the spacer. The invention solves this problem. SOLUTION The feature which can principally be regarded as characterizing a method according to the invention is that optical radiation emanating from a respective object or object part is reflected on one or more radiation- reflecting reflection surfaces, which are situated between the respective object or object part and the lens system, before passing through the lens system to the film in the camera housing in order to obtain at least two lens functions which are situated at a distance from one another and of which at least one is virtual. Two or more different images of the respective object or object part are generated with the said lens functions from the said different angles at one and the same exposure. In a preferred embodiment, the said optical radiation from the respective object or object part is made to pass an end surface on a unit which is provided with one or more inner walls which each form a reflection surface. The feature which can principally be regarded as characterizing a camera according to the invention is that it is arranged with one or more reflection surfaces situated between the said lens system and the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement, and that the reflection surface(s) reflect(s) optical radiation emanating from the respective object or tooth/tooth replacement, or part thereof, before the optical radiation passes through the lens system and reaches the film or equivalent. Further characteristics are that the reflection surface or the reflection surfaces is/are arranged to establish at least two lens functions which are situated at a distance from one another and of which at least one lens function is virtual. The said lens functions produce, on film, images from different angles at one and the same exposure. In one embodiment, the reflection surfaces are two in number, and the reflection surfaces extend essentially parallel to the viewing direction of the camera. In this way, three images of the respective object or tooth/tooth replacement, or part thereof, are obtained on the film during one and the same exposure. This is achieved by means of the fact that two virtual lens functions arise together with the lens function performed by the said lens system. In one embodiment, the camera consists of a standard camera provided with a flash function, for example a 35-mm miniature camera with, for example, a 24- mm wide-angle lens. This basic construction is known per se and is in this case provided with the said reflection surface(s) or mirror surface(s) . The real or actual lens is preferably arranged in a fixed manner on the camera housing, for example by means of glue, in order to obtain optical and geometric stability. Members, for example a glass disc, can be arranged in order to ensure that the film is applied with great evenness/precision to a plane surface. By this it is meant that the film should not deviate from the plane by more than ± 0.1 mm, for example. In a further embodiment, each reflection surface is situated on a prism body which is mounted on the camera opening. The body in this case supports the reflection surface or the reflection surfaces on one or more inner walls. The optical radiation passes, via the body, through an end surface which is directed towards the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement (part) . In one embodiment, the arrangement with the camera and the reflection surface(s) /mirror(s) is designed to image areas of the order of magnitude of 50 x 100 mm. The arrangement operates at a distance from the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement (part) which is of the order of magnitude of 50 - 100 mm. The imaging on the film can take place at a scale of 1:4. The arrangement is also characterized in that the error in the imaging of the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement (part) is of the order of magnitude of 0.02 mm for distinct points. The camera can be calibrated in its entirety with an accuracy which lies in the region of 0.005 mm (on the image scale) . ADVANTAGES By means of what has been proposed above, a conventional miniature camera with flash unit can form the basis for the structure or the basic construction. The camera is handled in the normal way and, by virtue of its small format, is easy to manage and easy to use close to the patient's mouth. The patient experiences less discomfort during identification of, for example, positions and inclinations on implants in one or both jaws. Accurate calibration can be performed, and the costs of the camera can be kept relatively low. The camera equipment can be employed in novel methods and arrangements for the production of artificial support members. The camera and the flash unit can themselves consist of standard components. An annular flash unit can be mounted between the lens and the reflecting surface/mirror. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES A presently proposed embodiment of a method and arrangement according to the invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows, in a top view, the camera in relation to the lower jaw of a patient, Figure 2 shows, in a top view, the camera in relation to objects or object parts on a model. Figure 3 shows a photograph taken with the camera according to Figures 1 and 2, in which photograph there are two images of two given discrete points, and Figure 4 shows, in longitudinal section, the optical ray path in the camera where reflecting surfaces are used to obtain virtual lens functions arranged at a distance from one another for achieving the stereo imaging effect. DETAILED EMBODIMENT In Figure 1, a camera housing is indicated by 1. Arranged in the camera housing is a lens system comprising a lens 2 which is of a type known per se. Also included in the camera housing is an arrangement for a film 3 which is disposed and can be advanced on film spools 4 and 5. The film is acted on so as to be placed with great precision in a plane 6 at the back of the camera. The action is effected by means of a glass plate 7 which is arranged against the film so that the latter assumes its position in the plane 6 with the precision mentioned above. Arranged at the opening 8 of the camera housing are first and second reflecting surfaces or mirrors which extend perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The mirrors extend parallel to the longitudinal axis 11 of the camera or the main direction of the camera. The mirroring or reflecting surfaces 9 and 10 can themselves have other orientations, although the parallel orientation shown is preferably used. The camera is aimed at the mouth cavity of a patient, which mouth cavity is represented by a jaw bone 12. In the mouth cavity or in the jaw bone there are teeth 13, 14, 15, an implant 16, dental bridge, etc. The radiation emanating from the imaged area in the mouth cavity is indicated by the lines 17, 18. This optical radiation is reflected on the inner surfaces 9a and 10a of the mirrors before it passes through the lens 2 and reaches the film 3. The arrangement means that two virtual lens functions 19, 20 arise, which in turn means that three image fields appear on the film 3. The first image field is caused by the real lens 2, and the second and third image fields are caused by the virtual lens functions 19 and 20. Three images are thus obtained on the picture and can be compared, for example in computer equipment for determining surfaces of the teeth, the implants, etc. The lens functions are arranged essentially parallel. In this connection, reference is made to the Swedish patent application [lacuna] , which has the same filing date as the present Swedish patent application. The camera is of standard design and is of the type which has been specified above. The miniature camera can be placed at a distance L of about 50 - 100 mm from the patient's mouth. Figure 2 shows the camera 1' with the same basic construction as in Figure 1. In this case a prism 21 is used which has two parallel inner walls 21a and 21b which correspond to the reflecting surfaces 9a and 10a indicated in Figure 1. The prism is secured to the camera housing la. The same applies to the lens 2', which is secured to the camera housing by means of gluing or equivalent. The securing of the prism 21 to the camera housing la is symbolized by a tubular part 22. The camera is provided with an annular flash 23 which is of a type known per se. The flash arrangement is arranged concentrically on the said sleeve-shaped member 22. The radiation 17', 18' enters the free end surface 21c of the prism 21 and is reflected on the said inner surface 21a, 21b before it passes through the lens 2' and reaches the film 3' . The imaging can in this case be carried out on a patient, a model 24, etc. Figure 3 shows a photograph 25 which comprises three sections 25a, 25b and 25c. The section 25a corresponds to the image, of the actual object or body part, which is effected by the lens 2' . The sections 25b and 25c correspond to the image areas which are generated by the virtual lenses 19 and 20. The said virtual lenses are separated by a distance L' (see Figure 1) . The images in the image fields 25b and 25c thus represent the body part or the object seen from two different angles, alpha and beta respectively (see Figure 1) . A corresponding point is present in the image field 25a, which point does not, however, need to be used (even though it is possible to do so) in the present case for determining the positions of the relevant objects, surfaces or points thereon. Figure 4 shows the relevant part of the optical ray path in the novel camera. The reflecting surfaces or the mirrors are shown by 9' and 10', and the virtual lens functions are shown by 19', 20'. The real or actual lens is indicated by 2'' and the film plane by 3a. The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown hereinabove by way of example, but instead can be modified within the scope of the attached patent claims and the inventive concept.

Claims: PATENT CLAIMS 1. Method for taking pictures of the human body, especially of the mouth cavity (12) , or of a model for artificial construction of a tooth (13) , dentine, a prosthesis, etc., here called objects, and for taking these pictures from at least two different angles, for example stereophotography, photography for three- dimensional measurement, etc., by means of camera equipment or other picture-taking equipment which comprises a housing for image-recording material, for example film (3), video, etc., and a lens system (2), and which, when photographs are being taken, is aimed at one or more relevant objects or object parts (implant (16) , tooth remnant, tooth, etc.), characterized in that optical radiation (17, 18) emanating from a respective object or object part is reflected on one or more radiation-reflecting and preferably essentially parallel reflection surfaces (9, 9a and 10, 10a), which are situated between the respective object or object part and the lens system, before passing through the lens system (2) to the image-recording material (3) in the housing in order to obtain at least two lens functions -(19, 20) which are situated at a distance from one another and of which at least one is virtual, with which lens functions at least two different images (A, B) of the respective object or object part are generated simultaneously from the said different angles at one and the same exposure. 2. Method according to Patent Claim 1, characterized in that the said optical radiation from the respective object or object part is made to pass an end surface (21c) on a unit (21) which is provided with one or more inner walls (21a, 21b) which each form a reflection surface (9a or 10a) . 3. Camera (1) for carrying out the method according to Patent Claim 1 for stereophotography of tooth/teeth replacements or objects/object parts associated with the human body (12) and comprising a camera housing for film (3) and lens system (2) , characterized in that it is arranged with one or more reflection surfaces (9, 10) situated between the said lens system (2) and the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement, in that the reflection surface(s) reflect(s) optical radiation (17', 18') emanating from the respective object or tooth/tooth replacement (lξ, 16'), or part thereof, before the optical radiation passes through the lens system (2') and reaches the film (3'), and in that the reflection surface or the reflection surfaces is/are arranged to establish at least two lens functions (19', 20') which are situated at a distance from one another and of which at least one lens function is virtual, which said lens function produces, on the film, images from different angles at one and the same exposure. 4. Camera according to Patent Claim 3, characterized in that the reflection surfaces (9a, 10a) are two in number, in that the reflection surfaces extend essentially parallel to the viewing direction (11) of the camera, and in that in this way three images of the respective object (13, 14, 15, 16) or tooth/tooth replacement, or part thereof, are obtained on the film (3) during one and the same exposure, by means of the fact that two virtual lens functions (19, 20) arise together with the lens function (2) performed by the said lens system. 5. Camera according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it consists of a standard camera (1) provided with a flash function, for example a 35-mm miniature camera with a 24-mm wide-angle lens, provided with the said reflection surface(s) (9a, 10a) or mirror surface(s) . 6. Camera according to any one of Claims 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the real lens (2, 2') is arranged in a fixed manner on the camera housing (la) , for example by means of glue, in order to obtain optical and geometric stability, and in that members, for example a glass disc (7) , with reference markings, are arranged in order to ensure that the film is applied with great precision to a plane surface and does not deviate from the latter by more than + 0.1 mm. 7. Camera according to any one of Patent Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that each reflection surface (9a, 10a) is situated on a prism body (21) which is mounted on the camera opening (8) , which body (21) supports the reflection surface or the reflection surfaces on one or more inner walls, and via which body the optical radiation (17, 18) passes through an end surface (21c) which is directed towards the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement (part) (13, 14, 15, 16) . 8. Camera according to any one of Patent Claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the arrangement with the camera and the reflection surface(s) /mirror(s) is designed to image areas of the order of magnitude of 50 x 100 mm and to operate at a distance (L, L') from the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement (part) which is of the order of magnitude of 50 - 100 mm, and in that the imaging can take place at a scale of 1:4. 9. Camera according to any one of Patent Claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the error in the imaging of the respective object/object part or tooth/tooth replacement (part) is of the order of magnitude of ± 0.02 mm for distinct points. 10. Camera according to any one of Patent Claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the camera is calibrated with an accuracy which lies in the region of 0.005 mm (on the image scale) .

Inventors: CARLSSON LENNART, JEMT TORSTEN, LIE ANDERS, CARLSSON, LENNART, JEMT, TORSTEN, LIE, ANDERS
Applicants: CARLSSON LENNART, JEMT TORSTEN, LIE ANDERS, NOBELPHARMA AB, CARLSSON, LENNART, JEMT, TORSTEN, LIE, ANDERS
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G03B35
IPC codes: A61C9, A61C13, A61C19, G03B35