Crushing machine with jaws, particularly adapted to the recycling of materials

Abstract: Crushing machine with jaws (4,5) regulating the size of the material in exit by means of a controlled distance, between the fixed (5) and mobile jaw (4) and with a safety device against uncrushable material blocks, composed of interposed oleo-hydraulic cylinders (7) between one of the jaws and the body (1), the said cylinders (7) being connected to an oleo-hydraulic circuit with valves of maximum pressure.

Description: The present invention refers to an evolution of the patent entitled "Frantumatore alternativo", (reciprocating crusher) filed on 19th December 1990 at the Provincial Office of Industry, Commerce and Artisanship of Venice with number IT-A-61977 B/90 and concerns a new crushing machine with mouth opening adjustable jaws to allow exit of different sizes of the material, by means of the control of the distance between a fixed and mobile jaws, and with a safety device against uncrushable material blocks that may accidentally enter into the crushing chamber. The crushing machines with traditional jaws exploit the principle of the breaking of the material that is being compressed between two jaws, of which one is fixed and the other mobile, the mobile jaw being operated by an eccentric power-operated shaft that acts on the upper side and by an articulation of a connecting rod that acts on the lower side, in the crusher called "a simple toggle", or the hinged mobile jaw being linked to the frame in the upper part and operated by an eccentric power-operated shaft through a double articulation connecting rod, in the crusher called a "double toggle". As is known, the traditional crushing machines have an adjusting system for the size of the material in exit which is awkward to use, being composed of a series of thicknesses inserted or removed between the connecting rod and the casing when the machine is standstill, this causes laboriousness and it is known that in such machines the use of the safety device for blocks of uncrushable material is remarkably unsuitable and wasteful, this device being composed of a well known connecting rod or other breakable means that allows the mobile jaw to space itself from the fixed one beyond the adjusting value, in order to eliminate the uncrushable material without giving rise to further and more serious damages to the machine. Since the security system is based on the breaking of a component, the relative reset involves a non-functional machine for many hours, for the replacement of the damaged or broken components and a high cost for the material and working. US-A-3099406 (H.A.P.KAUTZ) discloses an Ore Crusher having two opposed reciprocating jaws. The jaws being hinged upwards in the entry mouth and the reciprocation being operated backwards in their exit mouth; in which there is a release cylinder to allow accidental enlargement. This solution does not allow adjusting the exit mouth opening, but only safety against overpressure of a larger block not crushed. Furthermore oscillation being on their basis, does not supply an efficient and progressive crushing. EP-A-0433500 (J.ALTIMAYER) discloses as the previously described IT-A-61977 B/90, a Rock crusher using a fixed jaw and a reciprocable Jaw, said reciprocable jaw being eccentrically reciprocated in its upwards eccentric hinging (in the entry mouth). The reciprocable jaw having downwards and on its back a safety cylinder (double acting hydraulic ram 50) to allow opening of the exit mouth when excess of crushing pressure happens in the exit mouth. In this solution the security cylinder (50) has a strongly limited allowable excursion because of the rigid connection ends of the cylinder (56-54). In this solution a clearance tie rod with spring recovering device is provided (30-36). GB-A-648443 (K.GAULDIE) discloses a two opposed Jaw crusher, having a fixed jaw and an hydraulically operated reciprocable jaw (12). The hydraulic reciprocation being made by a cylinder (14) having both functions of reciprocation and of overpressure yielding. The connection being made by simply pushing stem head in sliding contact vith a vertical back surface on the basis (exit mouth opening) of the reciprocable jaw. Said mobile jaw being free hinged in upper side entry mouth opening. This solution having a recovery clearance device (18-17a) as the previous one. DE-B-114211 (MASCHINENFABRIK KÖPPEREN & Co.K.G.) discloses crusher structured as the previous one. US-A-4749132 (T.HAGIWARA) discloses: a crusher as per EP-A-0433500 with the difference to have an intermediate security pillar-bit or push-bit ("pivot" in the following description of this invention), and the stem of the cylinder being slidable in axial guide (3). The push bit being freely articulated in opposite ends. DE-B-1237414 (KLöKENER-HUMBOLDT-DEUTZ AG.), discloses a crusher having both jaws freely upper hinged in entry mouth, the reciprocation being not made in their hinging. The push-bar device being on one side and the yielding cylinder being on the other side on the other opposite jaw. The cylinder articulation ends are made by pin-hinging that can cause easy breakage of the pins because of movement impressed to the respective jaws (5). US-A-2982481 (R.G.OSBORNE) discloses a crusher having a fixed jaw and an upside eccentrically hinged jaw, having in the back exit end a safety push connecting rod (183) that discharges in a very complicated way the excess of effort for exit overpressure to a very complicated mechanism, unable to allow wide regulation of the exit mouth opening, even if it uses a lever means (132) with two opposed safety push connecting rods (115-137), in particular because these two opposed push-bars are not well articulated at their ends. The respective yielding safety hydraulic device (146, 149) does not provide adjustment of the exit opening of the jaws. Patent Abstracts of Japan Vol. 1. no. 137 (M-046) 11-November 1977 Kokai No.52-78157 disclose: a crusher having a similar lever means couple security device on one side and security cylinder on the other. The drawbacks of the traditional crushing machines are evident, especially if utilized in crushing with the aim of recycling materials arising from demolitions, inasmuch as it is not possible to alter, with ease and continuity, the size of the material in exit during the functioning of said equipment and it is not possible to rapidly reset the machine once the security system. has intervened. The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to realize a crushing machine characterized by the possibility of varying with continuity, the size of the material in exit, during the normal working of the apparatus, and characterized by the fact that the security system against uncrushable material blocks is immediately able to be reset after the intervention. More specifically, the device that allows the adjustment of the distance between the fixed and mobile jaws can assume different relative configurations, all characterized by the use of an oleo-dynamic cylinder on the mobile jaw, using a well known safety connecting rod between said mobile jaw and the crushing machine structure. The security function against uncrushable material blocks is made by the oleo-hydraulic cylinder, connected to a circuit with one or more valves of maximum pressure that allows the discharge of the oil contained in the cylinder when the maximum pressure is exceeded, allowing the opening of the mobile jaw and the consequent exit of the uncrushable block. According to the present invention the problems are solved as claimed by a crushing machine with a fixed jaw and a mobile jaw, reciprocable in its upper mouth opening by a rotating eccentric shaft, said mobile jaw being connected to an oleo-hydraulic adjustable cylinder means to vary the distance between the jaws at their exit mouth opening for regulating the size of the material in exit and for acting as a safety device against uncrushable material blocks, wherein said cylinder means is placed between the body of the crusher and an intermediate lever means, said intermediate lever means being hinged on one side to the structure of the machine, and on the other side connected to the said mobile jaw at its lower back end by means of a connecting rod, a tie rod associated with a helical spring being further provided, characterized in that: the intermediate lever means is hinged on the crusher body at its upper end; said tie rod, on one side is hinged to the end of said mobile jaw (4) and on the opposite side, it is elastically connected to the lower end of said lever means, (10) to pull the lower end of the intermediate lever means towards the end of said mobile jaw; an oleo-hydraulic circuit to control said cylinder means is provided with over-pressure and no-return check valves to restore in the normal working position said mobile jaw, when it is moved by passing uncrushable material, that creates said overpressure. In this way, said cylinder with its oleo-hydraulic control system and a single safety push connecting rod, using an intermediate lever means connection, perform the two functions of adjusting and safety against uncrushable material blocks. A normal oleo-hydraulic distributor allows the regulation of the opening of the jaws, while one or more valves of maximum pressure, duly calibrated, and of appropriate size, allow the rapid opening of the jaws to eliminate the block of uncrushable material, once the effort that is being used to generate itself for the presence of said block between the jaws, allows the pressure of the valves in the cylinders, to be overcome. The evident advantage of this solution, consists in being able to utilize a conventional type of connecting rod and to entrust to the cylinders only the opening adjusting and safety functions, without soliciting the spherical couplings of the same cylinder with continuous movements, these couplings having a very modest relative motion only in the adjusting action of the distance between the jaws or of the entering into operation of the safety push connecting rod for uncrushable material blocks, but not during the normal working, at numerous cycles per second, with less wear and reliability. The invention is now better disclosed with reference to the attached drawings. Fig. 1, shows a section of the new crushing machine as per this invention with intermediate lever means between the well known connecting rod and the correction and safety cylinders; Figs. 2 and 3 show schemes of hydraulic connections that allow the cylinders to carry out the safety function against uncrushable material blocks and the correction of the jaws, rotary couplings. With reference to the Figures, 1 indicates the body of the crushing machine, 2 the flywheel in which an eccentric shaft 3, is hinged with bearings (not shown), both to the body 1 and mobile jaw 4. Furthermore 5 is the fixed jaw that is integral with the body of the machine, Reference 7 is the adjusting and safety cylinder that on one side is spherically articulated to the body 1 by means of the spherical end 8 and on the other is connected in the same way (9) to an intermediate lever means (10), hinged to the body 1 to 34, that on the other side house by a push coupling seat (18) the end of said safety push connecting rod (14) that on the opposite end is housed in a similar push coupling 17 at the lower end of the mobile jaw (4), to control its movement and Reference 15 is for the tie rod that with the helical push spring 16 forms the tensioning system that maintains the said safety push connecting rod 14 in position and recovers the clearance due to the wear of the said push couplings 17 and 18. Obviously in Fig. 1 only one cylinder is visible, but it is clear that more then one can be present (eg. two, to better control the movement of the mobile jaw). In the oleo-hydraulic scheme of Figure 2, applicable to cylinders equipped in the same way of a single one 7, the maximum pressure valve (31) and an oleo-pneumatic accumulator (32) and a unidirectional valve (33) are disclosed. The oleo-hydraulic scheme of Figure 3, is conceived to maintain the mobile jaw 4 in position, and the said cylinders 7 also carry out the function of recovering the clearances. The working of the machine is the same as the prior art crushing machines, as far as it regards the normal crushing of the material. When instead there is the necessity of adjusting the size of the material in exit, acting on the distance between fixed and mobile jaw, or when an uncrushable body enters the crushing chamber, between the fixed and mobile jaw, the operation of the machine is the following: the cylinders 7 directly displace the mobile jaw 4 varying the distance from the fixed jaw 5, for the correction of the size of the material in exit, while the said cylinders 7 can allow the complete opening between the two jaws 4 and 5 when the pressure exceeds the maximum pressure of the pressure valve 31; the said cylinders 7 furthermore, have the same function as the safety push connecting rod 14.

Claims: A crushing machine with a fixed jaw (5) and a mobile jaw (4), reciprocable in its upper mouth opening by a rotating eccentric shaft (3), said mobile jaw (4) being connected to an oleo-hydraulic adjustable cylinder means to vary the distance between the jaws at their exit mouth opening for regulating the size of the material in exit and for acting as a safety device against uncrushable material blocks, wherein said cylinder means (7) is placed between the body of the crusher and an intermediate lever means (10), said intermediate lever means (10) being hinged on one side to the structure of the machine (34), and on the other side connected to the said mobile jaw (4) at its lower back end by means of a connecting rod (14), a tie rod (15) associated with a helical spring (16) being further provided, characterized in that: the intermediate lever means (10) is hinged on the crusher body (1) at its upper end (34); said tie rod (15), on one side is hinged to the end of said mobile jaw (4) and on the opposite side, it is elastically connected to the lower end of said lever means (10), to pull the lower end of the intermediate lever means (10) towards the end of said mobile jaw (4); an oleo-hydraulic circuit to control said cylinder means (7) is provided with over-pressure and no-return check valves (31,33) to restore in the normal working position said mobile jaw (4), when it is moved by passing uncrushable material that creates said over-pressure. A crushing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises in its oleo-hydraulic control circuit an oleo-pneumatic accumulator (32).

Inventors: CARLESSO FRANCO, FALBO DARIO, CARLESSO, FRANCO, FALBO, DARIO
Applicants: PONZANO VENETO S P A OFF MEC D, OFFICINE MECCANICHE DI PONZANO VENETO S.P.A.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B02C1
IPC codes: B02C1