Electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control

Abstract: An electropneumatic converter controlled by solenoid valves (1,4), in which said solenoid valves (1,4) are connected respectively to the feed pressure (3) and to atmosphere (5), each via a pressure regulator (22,27) controlled by a differential pressure measurement device (23,28) connected across the relative solenoid valve (1,4), so as to maintain a constant pressure difference across said solenoid valves (1,4); preferred embodiments are also described.

Description: This invention relates to an electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control which by imposing a constant minimum pressure difference across each of the two control solenoid valves not only results in an evident considerable reduction in the energy required for operating said solenoid valves but also results in a substantially linear variation in converter output pressure with solenoid valve opening time, independently of feed pressure variations and the value of the converter output pressure, besides maintaining the dead times of said solenoid valves always constant with consequent improvement in control precision and repeatability, in particular for small solenoid valve opening times. As is well known, the pneumatic actuators of process valves are controlled by electropneumatic converters able to modulate their output pressure on the basis of electrical command signals. Various types of electropneumatic converters are already known in the state of the art. In one of said known types, namely the type controlled by solenoid valves, a loading solenoid valve connected to the feed pressure and an unloading solenoid valve connected to atmosphere regulate the pressure within a capacitive chamber connected to them in series. Said capacitive chamber pressure is then used to control a booster unit which is connected to said feed pressure, its purpose being to amplify the output flow rate from the converter to the extent necessary for controlling the connected actuators. Finally, to prevent the large movements of the moving element of said booster being able to vary the volume of said capacitive chamber with consequent undesirable variation in the pressure of this latter, a pressure repeater consisting substantially of a separation membrane, a restriction and a nozzle-plate system is interposed between said chamber and said booster. Such a known converter has however the serious drawback that the output pressure signal does not vary linearly with the actuation or opening time of the solenoid valves in that it depends strongly on both the feed pressure and the value of the output pressure. This dependency means that the solenoid valves have to operate several times in order, by successive approximations, to achieve the required output pressure, with consequent considerable energy consumption. Said drawbacks substantially derive from the fact that the pressure difference across the two solenoid valves varies depending on the converter operating conditions. This variation in said pressure difference results in the further drawbacks that a fairly large operating force for the solenoid valves has to be available, with the consequent need for high electrical powers in play, and that the dead time of said solenoid valves, ie the time interval between the energization and the response of the solenoid valves, also varies, with consequent behaviour non-repeatability and poor operating precision of the solenoid valves, in particular for small opening times thereof. The object of the present invention is to obviate said drawbacks by providing an electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control which has a linear characteristic, ie produces an output pressure which varies linearly with the activation time of the solenoid valves, the operation of which is not influenced either by the feed pressure or by the value of the output pressure, requires minimum activation energy and provides pressure values which are always repeatable even for small solenoid valve opening times. This is substantially attained in that the pressure differences across the solenoid valves are maintained constant at very low values, each by means of a device which measures the pressure difference across the solenoid valve and controls a pressure regulator so that it maintains said pressure difference constant. More specifically, the electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control, comprising two solenoid valves for loading and respectively unloading a capacitive chamber arranged in series with said solenoid valves and correspondingly connected by these to the feed pressure and to atmosphere, said capacitive chamber being connected in series with a pressure repeater consisting substantially of a membrane separating said capacitive chamber from the repetitive pressure chamber which is connected to the feed pressure via a restriction and to atmosphere via a nozzle-plate system, the pressure of said repetitive chamber being used to control the moving element of a booster unit modulating the output chamber pressure by means of a spring-loaded valving member connecting said output chamber pressure either to the feed pressure or to atmosphere, is characterised according to the present invention in that said loading and unloading solenoid valves are connected respectively to the feed pressure and to atmosphere each via a pressure regulator controlled by a differential pressure measurement device connected across the relative solenoid valve such as to maintain the pressure difference across said solenoid valve constant. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, said object of maintaining the pressure difference across the solenoid valves constant is achieved not by the considerable constructional complication of adding two separate external pressure regulators and differential pressure measurement devices, but by adding two simple biasing springs and suitably modifying the pneumatic circuit of the converter. More specifically, control of the pressure difference across the unloading solenoid valve is achieved by the actual pressure repeater but modified by adding into its repetitive pressure chamber a spring acting on the separation membrane to create within said repetitive pressure chamber a pressure lower than that of the capacitive chamber, ie to create across the separation membrane a pressure difference, maintained constant by the nozzle-plate restriction system, which is equal to the thrust exerted by said spring. In addition the outlet of the unloading solenoid valve is no longer connected to atmosphere but to said repetitive chamber at reduced pressure so that said constant pressure difference is established across the unloading solenoid valve. Again, control of the pressure difference across the other solenoid valve, ie the loading solenoid valve, is achieved by said modified pressure repeater together with the actual booster unit, which is however modified by the addition of a second spring acting on the moving element of the booster unit from the control chamber of said moving element and creating a constant pressure difference across said moving element, ie between the converter output pressure and the control chamber pressure which is equal to that of the repetitive chamber of the pressure repeater. In addition, the inlet of the loading solenoid valve is no longer connected to the feed pressure but to the converter output pressure, so that as the pressure differences across respectively the pressure repeater and the booster unit are constant, the difference between the converter output pressure and the pressure within the capacitive chamber, which represents the pressure difference across the loading solenoid valve, will also evidently be constant. Hence, said pressure regulators and said differential pressure measurement devices for said loading and unloading solenoid valves are formed respectively by the actual pressure repeater, the repetitive pressure chamber of which is connected to the outlet of said unloading solenoid valve, in which chamber a spring is made to act on the separation membrane in the sense of urging it towards the capacitive pressure chamber, and by the actual booster, the moving element of which is biased by a second spring towards the output chamber which is connected to the inlet of the loading solenoid valve. According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, said second spring is preloaded with the load necessary to obtain a pressure difference between the output chamber and the control chamber which is double that which the other spring determines between the capacitive chamber and the repetitive chamber. In this manner the considerable advantage is achieved of having the same pressure difference across both the solenoid valves, this facilitating the control of the electropneumatic converter. Finally according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, said restriction in the pressure repeater no longer connects the repetitive chamber to the feed pressure but instead to the output pressure, ie said restriction in the pressure repeater is connected to said converter output chamber, feed to the repeater being ensured by modulating the said converter feed valving member. In this manner a certain improvement in the electropneumatic converter functionality is achieved in that the restriction is now subjected to a constant pressure difference by the effect of said springs as already explained, and hence operates with a substantially constant volumetric throughput, this resulting in a considerable reduction in the movement of the plate-nozzle system, with evident consequent increase in the precision of the repeater. The invention is further clarified hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments thereof by way of non-limiting example only, in that technical or constuctional modifications can be made thereto without leaving the scope of the present invention. In said drawings: Figure 1 is a partly sectional front view of an electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control, formed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a front sectional view of an electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control formed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. With reference to the figures, in which equivalent elements are indicated by the same reference numerals, 1 indicates the electropneumatic converter loading solenoid valve which feeds the capacitive chamber 2 with the feed pressure 3, the unloading solenoid valve 4 connecting said capacitive chamber 2 to atmosphere via the duct 5. Said capacitive chamber 2 is connected in series with a pressure repeater 6 consisting substantially of a membrane 7 separating said capacitive chamber 2 from a repetitive pressure chamber 8, which is connected to the feed pressure 3 (see specifically Figure 1) by the duct 9 via a restriction 10, and to atmosphere by the duct 11 via a system comprising a nozzle 12 and plate 13. The pressure p₁ in the repetitive chamber 8 is hence used in the control chamber 34 connected to the repetitive chamber 8 by the duct 35, to control the moving element 14 of a booster unit 15 modulating the p₂ in the output chamber 16 via the valving member 17 which is loaded by the spring 18 and connects said output chamber 16 either to feed pressure 3, when the valving member 17 is urged against the action of the spring 18 to open the feed port 20, or to atmosphere via the duct 19 when the movement of the moving element 14 opens the discharge port 21. Again, said loading solenoid valve 1 is connected to the feed pressure 3 via a pressure regulator 22 controlled by a differential pressure measurement device 23 applied across said solenoid valve 1, ie between the inlet 24 and outlet 25 of said solenoid valve 1. In this manner the pressure difference across said solenoid valve is set and always remains constant. Likewise the outlet 26 of the solenoid valve 4 is connected to the duct 5 discharging to atmosphere via a second pressure regulator 27 controlled by a further differential pressure measurement device 28 applied between said outlet 26 and the inlet 29 of said solenoid valve 4, so that a constant pressure difference is also set across the solenoid valve 4. According to the preferred embodiment of Figure 2, the function of said pressure regulators 22 and 27 and of the relative differential pressure measurement devices 23 and 28 is performed by the said pressure repeater 6 in combination with the said booster unit 15 by virtue of the fact that in said repetitive pressure chamber 8 a preloaded spring 30 is made to act on the separation membrane 7 in the sense of urging it towards the capacitive chamber 2, a second preloaded spring 31 being made to act within the control chamber 34 on the moving element 14 in the sense of urging this latter towards the converter output chamber 16, said output chamber 16 being connected, via the duct 32 provided with filters 33, to the inlet 24 of the loading solenoid valve 1, said repetitive pressure chamber 8 being connected to said outlet 26 of the loading solenoid valve 4. In this manner, if the pressure in the capacitive chamber 2 is indicated by p₃, a constant pressure difference p₃-p₁ proportional to the preload of the spring 30 is established across the separation membrane 7 and consequently across the loading solenoid valve 4. Again, the pressure difference p₂-p₁ between the output chamber 16 and the repetitive chamber 8 is constant and proportional to the preload of the spring 31, so that the pressure difference p₂-p₃ between the output chamber 16 and the capacitive chamber 2 is evidently constant, as is consequently the pressure difference between the inlet 24 and outlet 25 of the loading solenoid valve 1. According to a preferred embodiment, the spring 31 is preloaded with a load such as to obtain a pressure difference p₂-p₁ between the output chamber 16 and the control chamber 34 or repetitive chamber 8 which is double that (p₃-p₁) which the other spring 30 determines between the capacitive chamber 2 and the repetitive chamber 8 or control chamber 34. In this manner the pressure difference across the loading solenoid valve 1, ie p₂-p₃, is equal to the pressure difference across the unloading solenoid valve 4, ie p₃-p₁, as can be easily demonstrated. Finally, said restriction 10 in the pressure repeater 6 is fed not by the feed pressure 3 but instead by the output pressure p₂ via said duct 32. In this manner across said restriction 10 there is a pressure drop p₂-p₁ which is always constant so that the volumetric flow rate through said restriction will be substantially constant, which by drastically reducing the movements of the system comprising the plate 13 and nozzle 12 provides a considerable increase in the precision of the repeater.

Claims: An electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control, comprising two solenoid valves for loading and respectively unloading a capacitive chamber arranged in series with said solenoid valves and correspondingly connected by these to the feed pressure and to atmosphere, said capacitive chamber being connected in series with a pressure repeater consisting substantially of a membrane separating said capacitive chamber from a repetitive pressure chamber which is connected to the feed pressure via a restriction and to atmosphere via a nozzle-plate system, the pressure of said repetitive chamber being used to control the moving element of a booster unit modulating the output chamber pressure by means of a spring-loaded valving member connecting said output chamber pressure either to the feed pressure in the loading phase or to atmosphere in the unloading phase, characterised in that said loading and unloading solenoid valves are connected respectively to the feed pressure and to atmosphere each via a pressure regulator controlled by a differential pressure measurement device connected across the relative solenoid valve such as to maintain the pressure difference across said solenoid valve constant. An electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said pressure regulators and said differential pressure measurement devices for said loading and unloading solenoid valves are formed respectively by the actual pressure repeater, the repetitive pressure chamber of which is connected to the outlet of said unloading solenoid valve, in which chamber a spring is made to act on the separation membrane in the sense of urging it towards the capacitive pressure chamber, and by the actual booster, the moving element of which is biased by a second spring towards the output chamber which is connected to the inlet of the loading solenoid valve. An electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said second spring is preloaded with the load necessary to obtain a pressure difference between the output chamber and the control chamber which is double that which the other spring determines between the capacitive chamber and the repetitive chamber. An electropneumatic converter with solenoid valve control as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said restriction in the pressure repeater is connected to said converter output chamber, feed to the repeater being ensured by modulating the said converter feed valving member.

Inventors: BERGAMINI GIORGIO, MININNI VENANZIO, BERGAMINI, GIORGIO, MININNI, VENANZIO
Applicants: NUOVO PIGNONE SPA, NUOVOPIGNONE INDUSTRIE MECCANICHE E FONDERIA S.P.A.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F15B13
IPC codes: F15B5, F15B13, F16K31, G05D16