OVERFILL PROTECTION FOR SUCTION DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fill or overfill control for a suction drainage system. More particularly, the present invention is directed to overfill protection (40) that is associated with the shut-off valve (30) for a suction drainage system so that flow of waste fluid to the disposable waste collection container (16) is stopped at a predetermined volume which is less than the container maximum capacity. Alternatively, the present invention is directed to overfill protection (40) that activates the suction drainage shut-off valve (50) at a volume of the disposable container (16) that is a sufficient volume less than the maximum capacity to allow a waste treating material such as a germicide and/or an absorbent to be added to the collected waste.

Description: OVERFILL PROTECTION FOR SUCTION DRAINAGE SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a suction drainage system used in hospitals to collect waste fluids during surgical or other patient procedures. More specifically, the present invention relates to an overfill protection apparatus associated with the shut-off valve for a suction drainage system that prevents the overfilling of the waste fluid container or provides extra clearance in a waste fluid container so that a waste treating material can be added. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION For many years, hospitals have been using suction draining systems to collect waste fluids from surgery and other procedures. The waste fluid is collected into a sealed collection container, preferably a disposable container such as flexible bag or liner. The suction draining system has a fluid flow connection from the disposable container to the body of a patient and an air flow connection from the disposable container to a suction source. The waste fluids being collected are often highly infectious and therefore extreme care must be used during collection and disposal. Precautions must be taken to minimize the exposure of healthcare providers, workers, and other patients to the collected waste due to spills or other failures of the system. Suction draining systems in use today usually include a shut-off valve, typically associated with the air flow suction line so as to shut off the suction source when the waste fluid in the disposable container reaches a predetermined volume. The shut-off valve prevents infectious waste from entering and contaminating the hospital suction system. Without a shut-off valve, the suction source may accidentally pull waste fluid from an over-filled collection chamber into the hospital suction (vacuum) system. Most shut-off valves are activated by the level or volume of the collected waste fluid in the collection container. As the volume of waste fluid approaches the capacity of the container, the fluid activates the shut-off valve to end the further flow of waste fluids into the container. The disposable liner can then be safely disconnected from the suction system, sealed, and disposed of in a safe and proper manner. In certain procedures it is desirable to have the flexibility to shut off the flow of waste fluid into a flexible collection container when a predetermined fluid volume is reached before the maximum fill capacity volume is reached. For example, shutting-off the fluid flow before the maximum fill capacity volume is reached allows the disposable collection container to be capped (sealed) and removed from the rigid container with less risk of spilling or geysering. For other suction drainage procedures, it is desirable to add a waste-treating material such as a germicide and/or a gelling agent to the aspirated waste fluid in the disposable collection container. The waste treating material neutralizes the waste fluid and minimizes risk of exposure due to accidental spill or failure of the system after the fluid has been collected. Thus, it is desirable to automatically provide for an extra clearance volume needed to accommodate the added waste- treating material, when the waste- treating material is specified. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide protection against overfilling for a suction drainage system. It is another object of the present invention to provide flexibility in filling the collection container to a volume less than capacity that allows a germicide or an absorbent to be safely introduced into the predetermined volume reserved in the disposable collection container. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a fill or overfill control for a suction drainage system. More particularly, the present invention is directed to overfill protection that is associated with the shut-off valve for a suction drainage system so that flow of waste fluid to the disposable waste collection container is stopped at a predetermined volume which is less than the container maximum capacity. Alternatively, the present invention is directed to overfill protection that activates the suction drainage shut-off valve at a volume of the disposable container that is a sufficient volume less than the maximum capacity to allow a waste treating material such as a germicide and/or an absorbent to be added to the collected waste. Other advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a waste container having a disposable flexible liner and a hydrophobic shut-off valve; Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a waste container having a disposable flexible liner and a hydrophobic shut-off valve with overfill protection according to the present invention; Figure 1A is a schematic sectional view of a waste container having a disposable flexible liner and a mechanical float shut-off valve; Figure 2A is a schematic sectional view of a waste container having a disposable flexible liner and a mechanical float shut-off valve with overfill protection according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is capable of embodiments in various forms. There is shown in the drawings and there will hereinafter be described several presently preferred embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an example of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated. Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic section of a suction drainage system. The system includes a rigid re-usable container 12, a rigid lid 14 and preferably a disposable flexible liner 16. Alternatively, the rigid container may be used once without a flexible liner and then disposed. The container 12 is preferably made of a rigid plastic material and is open at the top and closed at the bottom. In a preferred form, the container 12 is transparent to allow visual monitoring of the system. Also preferably the container 12 is cylindrical for manufacturing purpose although the specific shape is not important. The lid 14 is also made from a rigid plastic material and preferably has an axial depending skirt 18 for fluid tight engagement with the open end of the container 12. Preferably the disposable flexible bag or liner 16 is fixed to the underside of the lid 14 in a fluid tight manner. The lid 14 and the liner 16 define a sealed collection chamber 20 in which waste fluid is collected and later disposed. The flexible liner 16 is suspended from the underside of the lid 14. The upper end of the liner 16 is fused or sealed onto the underside of the lid 14 in a completely fluid tight manner. Preferably flexible liner 16 is made of substantially transparent rubber-like flexible material or thermoplastic material. The liner 16 may be blow molded from a plastic such as polyvinyl chloride ( PVC), so as to eliminate weak areas such as seams. In the suction drainage embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, for example, rigid container 12 surrounds the flexible liner 16 in a protective manner. The skirt portion 18 provided on the lid 14 fits over the open end of the container 12 in fluid tight engagement. Preferably, container 12 does not come in contact with the waste material, so it may be repeatedly used without sterilization. Alternatively, as previously discussed, a disposable rigid container (not shown) similar to container 12 may be used without a flexible liner. Such a container may be filled once and is then disposed with the collected waste fluid in the proper manner. Lid 14 includes an inlet port 22 and an outlet port 24, both of which open into the sealed collection chamber 20 defined by lid 14 and flexible liner 16 (or alternatively by a lid and rigid disposable container). The inlet port 22 directs incoming waste to the bottom of the collection chamber 20. An inlet tubing line (not shown) connects the source of the fluid to be drained, such as a patient surgical site- to the inlet port 22. Outlet port 24 projects upward from and is sealed to the lid 14. The outlet fitting 26 extends from the outlet port 24 and is connected to a negative pressure or vacuum source for facilitating operation of the suction drainage system. As discussed earlier, a shut-off valve is preferably included in the suction drainage system to prevent the aspirated waste from directly contacting and contaminating the hospital vacuum system. The shut- off valve 30 is mounted in association with the suction line at the outlet port 24. In a preferred embodiment of the suction drainage system shown in Figure 1, the shut-off valve 30A is a non-mechanical valve. The valve includes a housing 32 that contains a polypropylene foam 34. The foam contains air flow passages and swellable moisture sensitive particles made of polymers or other suitable materials. A suitable non- mechanical shut-off valve is disclosed in published PCT Application No. WO 87/00439, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The above described shut-off valve and others like it permits normal airflow through the air flow passages in any unwet part of the shut-off valve. However as the valve becomes wet, the polymer particles swell to block the air flow passages. With reference to Figure 1, during the suction drainage procedure, the level of the waste fluid received into the chamber 20 increases to the level marked "A" and continues to increase to the level marked "B". At level "B" the waste fluid flow into the collection chamber 20 is completely shut off because all the flow passages through the foam 34 are blocked. Also, there is very little empty volume above the collected fluid level in the chamber 20 to accommodate handling of the flexible chamber as it is capped and/ or removed. Also there may not be sufficient remaining volume in chamber 20 for the addition of a neutralizing agent such as a germicide or a gelling agent. Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a shut-off valve with an overfill protection sleeve 40 according to the present invention. The non-mechanical shut-off valve 30 is a hollow hydrophobic cylinder having an open end attached to the lid 14 and a closed end extending into the sealed collection chamber 20. The overfill protection sleeve 40 is a rigid tubular sleeve axially extending downward from the lid 14. The sleeve 40 can be integrally molded or otherwise fabricated with the lid 14 or can be attached to the lid by any suitable attaching technique. The sleeve 40 has an interior surface coaxially extending with and closely surrounding the exterior surface of the shut-off valve 30. The length of the sleeve 40 relative to the length of the shut-off valve 30 is predetermined so as to cause the waste fluid received in the collection chamber to activate the shut-off valve 30 when the received waste fluid reaches the lowest common level of the sleeve 40 and the shut-off valve 30 in the collection chamber 20. When the fluid level reaches the sleeve-valve level, capillary action causes the fluid to climb up the small volume between the sleeve and the valve. As the fluid collected wets the hydrophobic valve 30, the fluid activates the valve so as to shut off the suction line from the suction source and prevent additional waste fluid from being sucked into the sealed chamber 20. The additional clearance volume allowed by the length of the sleeve provides some "give" in the filled flexible liner during capping and removal that may prevent leakage, spilling or worse. The length of the sleeve 40 can be varied so as to determine the volume to be left unfilled with out need for changing the shut-off valve configuration. Thus suction liners currently being manufactured can have a predetermined length of sleeve added as described with respect to this presently disclosed invention to result in a predetermined fluid volume in the collection container without changing the configuration of the shut-off valve. An alternative embodiment having a mechanical float type valve is shown in Figures 1A and 2A. The tubular sleeve positioned around the mechanical float valve 50 allows the float shut-off valve to be activated at a predetermined volume which is less than the actual container capacity volume for the valve. The foregoing invention can now be practiced by those skilled in the art. Such skilled persons will appreciate that the overfill protection of the present invention is not necessarily restricted to the particular embodiments presented herein. The scope of the present invention is to be defined by the terms of the following claims in the spirit and meaning of the preceding description.

Claims: WE CLAIM: 1. A suction system for draining waste fluid from a fluid source, the suction system comprising: a container including a lid and a sealed chamber within the container for receiving waste fluid; a waste fluid inlet port in said lid connected to the interior of the chamber; an outlet port in said lid connected to a suction source; first means associated with the outlet port and activated by the received waste fluid for closing the outlet port when the received waste fluid in the chamber exceeds a first predetermined level in the chamber; and second means associated with the first means for causing the received waste fluid to activate the first means for closing the outlet port when the received waste fluid in the chamber exceeds a second predetermined level in the chamber. 2. The suction system of claim 1 wherein the chamber for receiving waste fluid is a flexible liner sealed to the lid. 3. The suction system of claim 2 wherein the first means for closing the outlet port is a fluid activated shut-off valve. 4. The suction system of claim 3 wherein the second means is a tubular sleeve axially extending from the lid with the shut-off valve and having an interior surface coaxially extending with and closely surrounding the shut-off valve, the sleeve having a length relative to the shut-off valve so as to cause the received waste fluid to activate the shut-off valve when the received waste fluid in the chamber reaches the second predetermined level in the chamber. 5. The suction system of claim 4 wherein the second predetermined level in the chamber corresponds to the extent of the axial length of the tubular sleeve. 6. The suction system of claim 5 wherein the second predetermined level in the chamber is lower than the first predetermined level. 7. he suction system of claim 6 wherein the shut-off valve is a non-mechanical hydrophobic valve. 8. The suction system of claim 6 wherein the shut-off valve is a mechanical float valve. 9. A method for collecting fluid waste in a suction system comprising: providing a sealed chamber within a container for receiving fluid waste through an inlet port; providing an outlet port in the chamber for connection to a suction source; providing a shut-off valve in the chamber for closing the outlet port when the received waste fluid in the chamber reaches a first predetermined volume; and positioning a tubular, coaxial extending sleeve around the shut-off valve for activating the shut-off valve when the received waste fluid volume reaches the axial extent of the sleeve in the chamber.

Inventors: FERRIS JOHN J, KEOGH ALAN P, MAHER PASCAL J, FERRIS, JOHN, J., KEOGH, ALAN, P., MAHER, PASCAL, J.
Applicants: ABBOTT LAB, ABBOTT LABORATORIES
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61M1
IPC codes: A61M1