METHOD FOR PRODUCING CEMENT

Abstract: A method for producing cement useful for preparing pastes, mortars, concretes and other cement-based materials, which method comprises a mechano-chemical treatment of cement. The invention is characterized in that the method comprises a two-stage mechano-treatment of a mixture of cement and at least one component of two components, the first component being an SiO2 containing microfiller and the second component being a polymer in the form of a powdery water-reducing agent, in that in the first stage the cement and said first and/or said second component are intensively mixed in a dry state, in that in the second stage the mixture obtained in said first stage is treated in a milling equipment where the particles in said mixture receive in a quick succession a large number of direct-changed impact impulses and in that said treatment in said second stage is carried out during a sufficiently long period of time in order that a 1-day compressive strength of 20 millimeter side cube cement paste, which has been properly compacted under vibration and hardened at +20 DEG C in sealed conditions at least equals 60 MPa.

Description: Method for producing cement. The present invention relates to a method of producing cement useful for preparing pastes, mortars, concretes and other cement-based materials with the high workability at low water content, high strength and strength development and high density. The method comprises mechano-chemical treatment of a mineral-polymeric or a mineral mixture of portland cement and a SiO_- containing microfiller, for example silica fume, and/or powdery water reducing agents of melamine or naphtalene type in a milling equipment, preferably with the vibration grinding media. Background art. The prior art closest to the method according to the present invention is a method described in an article in Journal Concrete International, October 1992, page 56 with the title "Intermilled Silica Fume in Icelandic Cement" and the method described in the patent GB 2,006,737 for a "Method and appara¬ tus for production of an activated mineral composition". The first mentioned method (Concrete International, 1992 "Intermilled Silica Fume in Icelandic Cement") discloses milling of a cement clinker with gypsum and other additives together with silica fume. The last component is added in an amount of 5 - 7.5% by weight of clinker. By said method one tried to achieve a higher level of homogenisation of the blended cement in order to obtain a more stable concrete with high mechanical properties. This method does not include the use of a polymeric component (e.g. powdery water reducing age¬ nts) . There is no disclosure of any substantial increase of the strength development and of the density of the hardened cement paste or concrete. This is the case because due to high hard- ness and density of the rather coarse cement clinker particles, practically all the energy of the grinding media is used to crush the material without any significant increase of the surface energy of treated cement and consequently there is no increase of the strength development and ultimate strength of cement pastes, mortars and concretes. The second mentioned method according to GB 2,006,737 suggests well known conventional mechnical grinding and activation of fine-grained cement mortar, which consists of ordinary portland cement with an average particle size of about 10 μm and fine sand with a particle size of 60 - 1000 μm (0.06 - 1.00 mm) in a pinned disk mill or vibration mill. Due to the nature of mineral mixture componenets, particle size distribution and parameters of treatment, disclosed by this method, the main part of the consumed energy is used for the decreasing of the particle size of sand and cement and only a small part of it is stored as surface energy. There is also no basic changes and/or modification of the material microstruc- ture and main properties of the substance. This can easily be illustrated by the relatively low values of ultimate co pres- sive strength of the mortar obtained with this activated cement, namely 55 - 65 MPa after 28 days of hardening, and also by a rather short period of strength development, as the hydration of the "activated" cement is almost stopped after 7 days of hardening. Due to the relatively low level of stored surface energy and due to its relaxation, the cement particles start to loose obtained properties after 2 - 3 weeks of storage. Another serious drawback of this method, is a drastic increase of the surface area, which according to generally approved knowledge leads to a required increased amount of water in a concrete mixture, i.e. the water to cement ratio, required to keep workability (plasticity) . According to this known method, the water to cement ratio is rather high, about 0.6. This fact is negative from the point of view of increased porosity, increased shrinkage, limited level of strength and low durabi¬ lity. Disclosure of the invention. The present invention refers to a method for producing cement useful for preparing pastes, mortars, concretes and other cement-based materials, having a high workability with reduced water content, high strength and density and a rapid develop¬ ment of strength, which method comprises a mechano-chemical treatment of cement, and is characterized in, that the method comrises a two-stage mechano-treat ent of a mixture of cement and at least one component of two components, the first compo¬ nent beeing a Si02 containing microfiller and the second component beeing a polymer in the form of a powdery water- reducing agent, in that the first stage the cement and said first and/or said second component are intensively mixed in a dry state, whereby particles of the first and/or the second component are absorbed on the cement particles, in that in the second stage the mixture obtained in said first stage is treated in a milling equipment where the the particles in said mixture receive in a quick succsession a large number of direct-changed impact impulses resulting in modification of the surface properties of the cement particles in form of sub¬ stantial increase of surface energy and chemical reactivity, and in that said treatment in said second stage is carried out during a sufficiently long period of time in order that a 1-day compressive strength of 20 millimeter side cube cement paste, which has been properly compacted under vibration and hardened at + 20°C in sealed conditions which at least equals 60 MPa. Futher the invention refers to a process for preparing a shaped concrete element or structure which comprises the steps of firstly producing a cement according to the method according to the above said method and secondly mixing said cement with sand and/or aggregates of greater dimensions and water, and thirdly casting a shaped element or structure and hardening of the subject. Still futher the invention refers to the use of cement produced by the method according to the above said as an additive to a cement, such as ordinary portland cement, as an accelerator of the hardening process of such mixture. The invention will be described more in detail in the follo¬ wing, partly in connection with Tables and Figures, where - Figure 1 is a diagram showing strength development at 20°C curing for cement paste. In Figure 1 the curve marked 1 refers to cement according to the present invention, the curve marked 2 refers to cement + 5% silica fume according to prior art and the curve marked 3 refers to cement according to prior art. - Figures 2a and 2b respectively is a diagram showing strength development of concretes cured at 20°C. In Figures 2a and 2b EM(Anl) stands for concrete with the cement according to the present invention. Anl stands for concrete according to prior art. - Figure 3 is a diagram showing compressive strength as a function of temperature-equivalent time. In figure 3 EM(Anl) stands for concrete according to the present invention. Anl stands for concrete according to prior art. - Figures 4a and 4b respectively is a diagram showing strength development for concrete with a binder content of 480 kg/m3 cured at negative temperatures with the antifreezing admixture Betec. EM(Anl) stands for concrete according to the present invention. Anl stands for concrete according to prior art. - Figure 5 is a diagram showing liberated heat as a function of temperature-equivalent time. EM(Anl) stands for concrete according to the present invention. Anl stands for concrete according to prior art. - Figure 6 is a diagram showing liberated heat per strength unit as a function of temerature-equivalent time. EM(Anl) stands for concrete according to the present invention. Anl stands for concrete according to prior art. - Figure 7 is a diagram showing pore size distribution. In Figure 7 the curve marked 1 refers to cement paste accordning to prior art, the curve marked 2 refers to cement paste with 10% silica fume according to prior art and the curve marked 3 refers to cement paste according to the rvrpe_i en t invention. SUBSTITUTE SHEET It has now been found that when treating a combined mineral- polymeric or mineral mixture of portland cement and SiO_- containing microfiller, preferably silica fume and/or polymer in the form of powdery water-reducing agent together with a media milling equipment (e.g. stirred, centrifigal, tumbling ball) or a non-media milling equipment (e.g. jet, impact, roller) , preferably in mills with cylbeps' vibration grinding media much more improved mechano-chemical activation of the cement takes place. This treatment also leads to the basic changes and modification of the material microstructure and it properties. During the mechano-chemical treatment according to present invention several processes take place simultaneously. Firstly, every particle of the portland cement, microfiller and/or powdery reducing agent receives a large number of direc changing randomly distributed impact impulses in a quick succession from the grinding media and other elements of milling equipment. During this treatment finer and lighter particles of the microfiller (silica fume) and/or the powdery water-reducing agent, built up a cover around the cement particles. This cover then acts as lubrication between the cement particles and the grinding media. Secondly, the newly formed cover of silica fume and/or powdery water-reducing agent particles, transforms the impact impulses of the grinding media and all the potential and kinetic energy of the grinding media and other elements of the milling equip¬ ment (e.g. stators, rotors and etc.) will create mainly share deformations and microdefects of the cement particle surfaces. The present process drastically increases the surface energy and chemical reactivity of the cement particles. Besides, due to the absorption of silica fume and/or powdery water-reducing agent the particles will obtain an electrostatical charge and are attracted to each other promoting consolidation and agglo¬ meration of the particles, which will prevent any subtantional increase of the cement paste water demand. SUBSTITUTESHEET Thus, due to the mechano-chemical treatment according to the present invention a discontinuous network of the new modified binder material on the surface of the cement grains and micro- defects inside the surface of the cement grains are created. This new binder has an extremely high chemical reactivity and high hydrophobic properties (mainly in the case of use of a powdery water-reducing) agent. In our opinion the layers of this new binder has a very high potential of nucleigeneration and improves the hydration process especially in the early age period of the hardening process, where the compressive strenth of the cement pastes and concretes with the cement obtained according to the present invention is up to 300 % higher than the conventional reference pastes and concretes. Furthermore, this new binder creates and maintains the metasta- bility of the system and this gives a possibility for cements, produced according to our present invention, to hydrate in a more prolonged period of time and to reach a higher rate of the strength development. At this moment we cannot provide a full theoretical explanation of the phnomena, but the description mentioned above give, according to our opinion, a basic phenomenological picture of the process according to the present invention. The cement produced according to the present invention has surprising properties, which have no analogs in modern techno¬ logy today. This complex of properties cannot be obtained by any other known method. The properties of the material treated according to the present invention can be listed as follows: - the cement produced according to present invention keeps all properties as commercially produced (portland) cement during a rather long period of storage (more than 9 months) according to the requirements of building practice; - up to 50% decrease of water demand is obtained in comparison S with ordinary cement with preservation and even improvement of the level of consistency of the cement paste and workability of the concrete mixture, see tables 1 and 2, which leads to a creation of a more densed structure and a high strength of the material. Table 1 refers to influence of the present method on the consistency of cement paste. Table 2 refers to influence of the present method on the workability of a concrete mixture. Table 1 - influence of the method of cement treatment on the normal consistency of the cement paste. Table 2 - influence of the method of cement treatment on the workability of the concrete mixture. - the rate of the strength development of the cement paste and concrete is drastically increased in a wide range of postive curing temperatures, namely from +5 to +50 °C , see Figures l, 2 and 3. More intensive hardening of concrete also takes place at negative temperatures, namely at - 10 °C and - 20 °C when used with an antifreezing admixture, see Figure 4. The pro- pertieis mentioned above provide the reduction of form removal time, gives a lower risk to easy freezing, a substantial decrease of the building process and a simplification of winter concreting operations. - concretes produced with the use of cement manufactured according to the present invention have approximately the same resulting heat of hydration per cement weight with a slightly higher rate of heat liberation in comparison with concretes prepared by the prior art method, see Figure 5. At the same time concretes produced with the cement according to the present invention have significantly lower heat production per strength unit than concretes prepared by the prior art method, see Figure 6. This reduces the probability of thermocracking. - porosity of the cement paste is reduced to less than half compared with prior art methods, see fig. 7. The concrete becomes practically impermeable and durable; - intensive self-dessication of the concrete takes place together with the strength increase at the early age of harden¬ ing. The values of the relative humidity are approximately 72 - 74% already after ten days of curing in sealed condition and room temperature. As stated above the method according to the invention comrises a two-stage mechano-treatment of a mixture of cement and at least one component of two components, the first component beeing a Si02 containing microfiller and ther second component beeing a polymer in the form of a powdery water-reducing agent. This means that the invention covers three different cases, namely a first case where cement and both the first and the second components are mixed, a second case where the cement is only mixed with the second component and a third case where the cement is only mixed with the first component. Certainly, the compressive strength will vary depending on what composition the mixture has according to said three different cases. Further it is stated above that said treatment, according to the second stage of the method, is carried out during a suffi¬ ciently long period of time in order that a 1-day compressive strength of 20 millimeter side cube cement paste, which has been properly compacted under vibration and hardened at + 20°C in sealed conditions which at least equals 60 MPa. According to a preferred embodiment said treatment is carried out during a period of time such that said compressive strength is at least 70 MPa, in case of a mineral-polymeric mixture comprising 94% of ordinary portland cement, 5% of silica fume and 1% of a powder water reduced agent named Mighty 100, and in addition 16% of water by the weight of the solid components. According to another preferred embodiment said treatment is carried out during a period of time such that said compressive strength is at least 65 MPa, in case of a mineral-polymeric mixture comprising 99.0% of ordinary portland cement, 1% of a powdery water reducing agent named Mighty 100, and in addition 16% of water by the weight of the solid components. According to still another preferred embodiment said treatment is carried out during a period of time such that said compres¬ sive is at least 60 MPa, in case of a mineral mixture compri¬ sing 95.% of ordinary portland cement, 5% of silica fume, and in addition 16% of water by the weight of the solid components. According to the present invention the method for producing cement useful for ultra high strength and high density concrete comprises the steps of: SUBSTITUTE SHEET 1. Dosage of the solid components; 2. Dry mixing of the solid components; 3. Mechano-chemical treatment of the combined mixture in the milling equipment, preferably in the vibration mill where every particle of the mixture receives a large number of direct- changing randomly distributed impact pulses. The dry mixing in said first stage is carried out in such a way that the mixture is treated in a highly intensive mixer or in said milling equipment with parameters of treatment adjusted to the mixture composition. According to the present invention the mechano-chemical treat¬ ment of a combined mineral-polymeric or mineral mixture of portland cement and SiO_-containing microfiller and/or powdery water-reducing agent is carried out in a media milling equip¬ ment (e.g. stirred, centrifugal, tumbling ball and etc.) or a non-media milling equipment (e.g. jet, impact, roller) . Media milling equipment comprises mills employing grinding media in the form of balls, cylinders, cylbeps etc., e.g. tumbling ball mills and vibratory mills, or high speed agita¬ tors, e.g. stirred mills etc.. In this type of mills the treatment of the mixture according to the present invention takes place mainly due to the fact that it is obtained that every particle of the mixture receives a large number of impact impulses from the grinding media in a quick succession. In a non -media milling equipment treatment of the mixture takes place due to subjecting the particles to a high pressure from a moving roller or hammer, e.g. roller or impact mills, or due to mostly particle to particle impacts or collisions of particles with a target depending on the design, e.g. fluid energy jet mills, which result in modification of particle surface properties. The preferable equipment is a vibration mill characterized by the diameter of the vibration cycle being preferably, from 2 to 30 mm and frequency being, preferably, from 800 to 2000 rpm. SUBSTITUTESHEET • The parameters of treatment in other types of milling equipment should be adjusted to the composition of the mixture subjected to treatment in such a way that the mechanical treatment will be corresponding to that obtained in a vibration mill. According to the present invention the treatment in the milling equipment takes place in a batch regime with the time of treatment, preferably, from 3 to 60 min or continuously with the feed rate adjusted to the type of the mill and composition of the mixture. In the case of using a media milling equipment, preferably a vibration mill, the proportion between the grinding media and the mixture subjected to treatment, i.e. media to feed ratio, is preferably from 7:1 to 15:1 by weight. The preferred grinding media of the vibration mill is a mixture of cylpebs, i.e. cylinders with rounded ends made from e.g. aluminium or bodies with an aluminium oxide cover or steel, with equal height and a diameter of 12 and 9 mm, respectively. The proportion between the two parts is from 2:1 to 1:2 by weight, preferably 1:1 by weight. The components in the blended cement are present in the follow- ing maximum limits of weight ranges: - portland cement = 98.9% - SiO_-containing microfiller = 20 ; - powdery water-reducing agent = 3 ! The preferable weight ranges of the components in the blended cement are: - portland cement = 89.5 - 96.7% - SiO_-containing microfiller = 3 - 10% - powdery water-reducing agent = 0.3 - 1.5%. Different types of portland cement, and also in combination with other types of cement, can be used according to the present invention. SiO_-containing components are useful as microfillers. They have a particle diameter which preferably is lower than 1 μm. The microfiller can be silica fume, grinded sand, etc., prefe¬ rably silica fume (microsilica) . The silica fume preferably used in this invention comprises extremely small spherical, amorphous particles contaning at least 85% by weight of SiO,. The specific surface area is between 15 and 30 m 2/g and the parti.cles have a diameter between 0.1 and 0.2 μm. Silica fume is normally obtained from off-gases from electric smelting furnaces used for production of silicon and ferrosilicon, but it can also be produced by reduction of Si02 to SiO-gas and reoxidation of SiO in air. Powdery, solid state, water-reduction agents preferably used according to the present invention may be water-reducing agents of melamine or naphtalene type known to be used in ordinary concrete, for example Mighty 100. According to the present invention the ratio between the specific surface areas of the mineral components, i.e. cement and SiO_-containing microfiller, in the mixture preferably is 1:10 to 25. The ratio between the specific surface areas of the mineral part in the combined mixture, i.e. cement with SiO_- containing microfiller, and the polymeric part, i.e. powdery water-reducing agent preferably is 1:0.10 to 2.0. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention different inorganic materials, e.g. slag, milled sand, metal fibres etc., and/or organic materials, e.g. polymers, polymer fibres etc., which materials influence the rheological, the mechanical the durability and other properties of the fresh and hardened paste, mortar or concrete, are added to the treated mixture or to the mixture during the treatment. According to a futher preferred embodiment of the invention the above said treatment takes place at a raised or reduced pressu- SUBSTITUTE SHEET re alternatively in presence of a protective gas. A process for preparing a shaped concrete element or structures with the use of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1. Dosage of the protland cement and Si0 2 -containing icrofil- lers and/or powdery water-reducing agent; 2. Dry mixing of the above mentioned components; 3. Mechano-chemical treatment of the combined mixture in a milling equipment according to the specification of the present invention according to the above said; 4. Mixing the obtained cement with sand and aggregates and water, casting a shaped element or structure and hardening the concrete. The invention is illustrated by means of the following ex¬ amples. However, the following examples are not intended to restrict the invention in any manner. Examples The ordinary portland cement (OPC) , produced by Ce enta AB Sweden, silica fume produced by Elkem A/S, Norway and powdery water-reducing agent Mighty 100, produced in Japan, were chosen in these experiments. The mixtures according to the present invention were subjected to the mechano-chemical treatment in the said first stage by intensive mixing in a mixer namned "Tonimix" with a rotation speed of 280 rpm during 3 minutes. The mixer is made by TONI Technik, Germany. Compositions of the blended cements are presented in Table 1. The blended cements were subjected to mechano-chemical treat¬ ment according to the present invention in a vibration mill SUBSTITUTE SHEET having a diameter of the vibration circle of 10mm, operating at a frequency of 1100 rpm during a period of treatment of 30 minutes. The proportion between the grinding media and mixture was 9:1 by weight. In the control mixture silica fume and water-reducing agent were introduced with water during mixing of the cement paste or concrete mixture. Table 2 presents characteristics of the concrete mixtures obtained with treatment according to the present invention and untreated cements, i.e. conventional cements. In concrete mixtures cured at negative temperatures (-10° C and -20° C) an antifreezing admixture Betec, produced by Finja Betec AB, Sweden, was used. The cement paste and concrete were tested with the use of cubes with 20 mm and 100 mm side, respectively. A Horbart mixer was used for mixing the cement paste during 2 minutes. A pan mixer was used for mixing of the concrete mixture during 3 minutes. A mercury porosimeter Pore Size -9310 (Micrometries) was used for the examination of the cement paste porosity. The temperature effect on the hardening process was studied by measurements of strength growth at different hardening tempera¬ tures, namely 5, 20, 35 and 50° C respectively. The test samples were cube shaped bodies having the dimension 100x100x100 mm which were stored in water. Liberated heat at hydration of the concrete was calculated from measurements of the temperature development during adiabatic and se i-adiabatic conditions. Each test speciment was about four litres of concrete placed in a bucket of thin walled steel. From the results presented in Tables 1 and 2 and Figures 1 - 4 it can be clearly seen that the strength development and SUBSTITUTE SHEET ultimate strength of the concretes prepared with the use of cement according to present invention are substantially higher in a wide range of curing temperatures in comparison with the conventional reference concretes. The cement pastes with treated cements are characterized by a much lower porosity, as is shown in Fig. 7. The liberated heat due to hydration per strength unit for concretes with treated cements is lower than for reference concretes, as is shown in Fig. 6. There is a wide range of suitable applications for the cement produced according to present invention. The applications include concrete element production, winter concreting, repair of buildings and rehabilitation, roads, floors, topping of concrete, etc. SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims: lb Claims 1. A method for producing cement useful for preparing pastes, mortars, concretes and other cement-based materials, having a high workability with reduced water content, high strength and density and a rapid development of strength, which method comprises a mechano-chemical treatment of cement, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n, that the method comrises a two- stage mechano-treatment of a mixture of cement and at least one component of two components, the first component beeing a Si02 containing microfiller and the second component beeing a polymer in the form of a powdery water-reducing agent, in that the first stage the cement and said first and/or said second component are intensively mixed in a dry state, whereby par- tides of the first and/or the second component are absorbed on the cement particles, in that in the second stage the mixture obtained in said first stage is treated in a milling equipment where the the particles in said mixture receive in a quick succsession a large number of direct-changed impact impulses resulting in modification of the surface properties of the cement particles in form of substantial increase of surface energy and chemical reactivity, and in that said treatment in said second stage is carried out during a sufficiently long period of time in order that a 1-day compressive strength of 20 millimeter side cube cement paste, which has been properly compacted under vibration and hardened at + 20°C in sealed conditions which at least equals 60 MPa. 2 . A method according to claim 1 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n, that in said second stage the the mixture is treated in a vibrating milling equipment, with cylbeps as the vibrating grinding media, the diameter of the vibration cycle being from 2 to 30 mm and the frequency being from 800 to 2000 rpm. 3. A method according to claims l or 2, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d i n, that said compressive strength is at least 70 MPa, in case of a mineral-polymeric mixture comprising 94% of ordinary portland cement, 5% of silica fume and 1% of a powder water-reduced agent named Mighty 100, and in addition 16% of water by the weight of the solid components. 4. A method according to claims l or 2, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d i n, that said compressive strength is at least 65 MPa, in case of a mineral-polymeric mixture comprising 99.0% of ordinary portland cement, 1% of a powdery water-reducing agent named Mighty 100, and in addition 16% of water by the weight of the solid components. 5. A method according to claims l or 2, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d i n, that said compressive strength is at least 60 MPa, in case of a mineral mixture comprising 95,0% of ordinary portland cement, 5% of silica fume, and in addition 16% of water by the weight of the solid components. 6. A method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d i n that the treatment in the milling equipment takes place in a batch regime with the time of treatment, from 3 to 60 minutes or continuously with the feed rate adjusted to the type of the mill and composition of the mixture. 7. A method according to claims 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d i n that in case of a media mill equipment the proportion between the grinding media and the mixture subjected to treatment, i.e. media to feed ratio, is preferably from 7:1 to 15:1 by weight. 8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d i n that the maximum limits of the weight ranges of the components in said mixture are: (portland) cement 98.9%; SiO_-containing microfiller 20%; polymer in the form of a powdery water-reduced agent 3%. 9. A method according to any of the preceding claims, c h a - r a c t e r i z e d i n that the ratio between specific surface areas of the mineral components, i.e. cement and SiO_- containing microfiller, of the mixture is 1:10-25 and the ratio between specific surface areas of the mineral part of the mixture, i.e. cement with SiO_-containing microfiller, and the polymeric part, i.e. said powdery water-reducing agent, is 1:0.1-2.0. 10. A method according to any of the preceding claims, c h a - r a c t e r i z e d i n that the powdery water-reducing agent used is of a melamine or a naphtalene type and that the SiO - containing microfiller used is, preferably, silica fume. 11. A method according to any preceding claims, in which diffe- rent inorganic materials, e.g. slag, milled sand, metal fibres etc. , and/or organic materials, e.g. polymers, polymer fibres etc., which materials influence the rheological, the mechani¬ cal, the durability and other properties of the fresh and hardened paste, mortar or concrete, are added to the treated mixture or to the mixture during the treatment. 12. A method according to any of the preceding claims in which treatment takes place at a raised or reduced pressure alterna¬ tively in presence of a protective gas. 13. A process for preparing a shaped concrete element or struc¬ ture which comprises the steps of firstly producing a cement according to the method according to any of claims 1 to 12 and secondly mixing said cement with sand and/or aggregates of greater dimensions and water, and thirdly casting a shaped element or structure and hardening of the subject. 14. Use of cement produced by the method according to any of claims 1 to 12 as an additive to a cement, such as ordinary portland cement, as an accelerator of the hardening process of such mixture.

Inventors: HAEGGSTROEM MARWIN, RONIN VLADIMIR P, HAEGGSTROEM, MARWIN, RONIN, VLADIMIR, P.
Applicants: HAEGGSTROEM MARWIN, RONIN VLADIMIR P, HAEGGSTROEM, MARWIN, RONIN, VLADIMIR, P.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: C04B7
IPC codes: B28C5, B28C7, C04B7, C04B20, C04B28, C04B40