A clamp nut

Abstract: A clamp nut 10 comprising a split threaded nut 12 for engaging a threaded spindle (not shown), a coiled spring 16 encircling the split nut 12, means 20 for holding the spring 16 tightly coiled around the split nut 12 and a cap 30, engaging the spring 16, which can be turned in a first direction (A) to tighten the spring 16 around the split nut 12 and in a reverse direction to release the holding means 20 thereby loosening the spring 16 around the split nut 12 and enabling the split nut 12 to expand radially to facilitate removal of the clamp nut 10 from a threaded spindle. The mechanism for releasing the holding means 20 preferably includes a cam surface 32, formed integrally with the cap 30, which lifts an end 19 of the coiled spring 16 off a set of ratchet teeth.

Description: This invention relates to clamp nuts, and in particular to a clamp nut for securing rotary discs onto the spindles of power tools, such as a grinding wheel on to the spindle of an angle grinder or a circular saw blade on to the spindle of a circular saw. Conventionally the spindles of such power tools are screw threaded and the discs have been secured by a lock nut which is locked in place by a spanner and which must also be released by use of the spanner. More recently, flange locks have been developed which can be safely secured and released by hand without the use of a tool. The present invention aims to provide an improved clamp nut which can be secured and released by hand. United States Patent Application No.US-A-4930961 discloses a quick locking and releasable fastener in the form of a split nut with a circumferentially truncated thread, which split nut is drawn together or separable by a cam operable by rotation in one form or by reciprocation in a second form, to be placed over an externally threaded member and threadedly engaged therewith by a fractional turn of a head in the first form, or by reciprocation of a head in the second form. There is a spring return for separation of the split nut. The split nut disclosed is cam-operated to contract together and cam-controlled to separate. The cam is manually operable by turning. In accordance with the foregoing, the present invention provides a clamp nut comprising a threaded collet for engaging a threaded spindle; a coiled spring closely encircling the collet holding means for holding the spring in fixed relationship with the collet; a cap engaging one end of the spring, which can be turned in a first direction to engage the spring with the holding means and in a reverse direction to release the spring from the holding means, and whereby the collet can expand radially, when the spring is released from the holding means, to facilitate removal of the clamp nut from the spindle. A significant advantage of a clamp nut according to the present invention is that the initial tightness of the nut on a spindle of a power tool, for example, can be readily released, thereby facilitating complete removal of the clamp nut from the spindle. Preferably the holding means includes a ratchet face which engages the coiled spring. The ratchet face may be formed on a pressure member which supports the collet. Alternatively, the ratchet face could possibly be formed on the collet itself. The pressure member preferably includes guide pegs which engage slots in the collet to control the radial movement of the collet. A first end of the coiled spring may engage in a recess in the collet to prevent rotation of the spring around the collet. Alternatively, the first end of the coiled spring could engage a recess in the pressure member. Preferably the cap includes a cam surface for bearing against a second end of the coiled spring to release the coiled spring from the holding means when the cap is turned in the reverse direction. At least one stop may be provided for restricting the relative rotation between the cap and the collet. By including a pair of stops to limit the arc of movement of the cap, the tightening/releasing forces applied by the cap are not solely transmitted via the spring; the stops can carry much of these forces. The cap preferably includes a central aperture through which a threaded spindle can pass, in use, if necessary. Further, a circlip preferably engages a groove in the cap to retain the coiled spring, collet and pressure member together. An O-ring may form a seal between the cap and the collet to prevent debris from entering the clamp nut. The threaded nut is preferably split into three segments. The nut could, of course, alternatively be split into four or some other number of segments. Specific embodiments of the present invention are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is an exploded view of a clamp nut according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectional side view of the clamp nut of Figure 1 in its assembled form; Figure 3 is a section on line III-III in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a view in the direction of Arrow IV in Figure 3. A clamp nut 10 for use on an angle grinder or other power tool having a threaded spindle comprises a split threaded "collet" 12. The collet is sintered and machined as one piece and then broken in a controlled manner to enable it to expand in use. In the specific embodiment shown in the drawings, the collet is sawn into three segments 12a, b, c, and the segments are held in their original spaced positions by pins 14, the gaps 15 between the segments being the cut lines of a saw through the collet. When the collet is a single sintered piece which is broken, it is not necessary to separate the broken pieces with these pins and they will be omitted. The collet 12 is held in its normal fully contracted state by a close coiled spring 16. An internally formed end 17 of the spring 16 engages with a groove 18 in an outer surface of the collet 12. The other, externally formed, end 19 of the spring 16 is prevented from rotation by being held on a ratchet face 20 of a pressure member 22. As the clamp nut 10 is hand tightened through a cap 30, the clamping force acting on the threads 24 of the collet 12 attempts to spread the collet 12, but is prevented from doing so by the coil spring 16 which is a close fit on an external cylindrical surface 26 of the collet 12. To remove a disc from the angle grinder (not shown), the spindle of the angle grinder is locked by normal means (not shown) and the cap 30 is rotated anti-clockwise (opposite to Arrow A in Figure 1). This movement engages an integral cam surface 32 of the cap 30 with the end 19 of the coil spring 16 and lifts the end 19 clear of the restraining teeth of the ratchet face 20. When the end 19 of the coil spring 16 reaches to upper end 34 of the cam slope, further turning motion of the cap 30 "unwraps" the spring 16 and allows space for the collet 12 to expand radially. This normally happens after the unwrapped spring 16 bottoms against its stop. The expansion of the collet 12 immediately frees the clamping force on the disc and the nut 10 can be unscrewed. Once the spreading force on the collet 12 has been removed, because the threads of the angle grinder spindle are no longer tending to pull out of the bore of the collet 12, the spring 16 can turn the collet 12 itself, thereby returning the spring 16 and the collet 12 to their original state. The collet 12 is rotationally fixed with respect to the pressure member 22 by a plurality of pegs 28, which engage corresponding slots 31 in the collet 12. As can be seen more readily in Figure 2, the collet 12 seats on a flange 40 of the pressure plate 22. The flange 40 in this embodiment is sloped to assist spreading of the collet 12 when the coil spring 16 is released. When the clamp nut 10 is applied to an angle grinder spindle, the cap 30 is turned in a clockwise direction (Arrow A in Figure 1) to bring the pressure plate 22 into contact with the grinding wheel mounted on the spindle. The externally formed end 19 of the spring 16 engages end 36 of the cam surface 32 and is therefore lowered so that it engages the teeth of the ratchet face 20. Further turning of the cap 30 may tighten the spring 16 around the collet 12 by snapping over the teeth of the rack 20. Thereafter the collet 12 and pressure plate 22 are rotated, such that the collet 12 is screwed on to the spindle of the angle grinder. A stop (not shown) may be provided on the cap 30 to engage the pressure plate 22, so that the tightening forces applied by the cap 30 are not solely transmitted via the spring 16. Likewise, a stop (not shown) can be provided for use in the reverse direction, so that the cap 30 only has a limited arc of movement relative to the pressure plate 22 (and hence the collet 12). A circlip 42 is received in a groove 44 in the cap 30 to retain the assembly together. A central hole 46 in the cap 30 allows the spindle of the angle grinder to screw through the cap 30, if necessary. Finally, an O-ring 48 is provided between the cap 30 and the collet 12 to seal the interior of the clamp nut 10. It will of course be understood that the present invention has been described above purely by way of example, and that modifications of detail can be made within the scope of the invention.

Claims: A clamp nut (10) comprising a threaded collet (12) for engaging a threaded spindle; a coiled spring (16) closely encircling the collet (12) holding means (18,20) for holding the spring (16) in fixed relationship with the collet (12); a cap (30) engaging one end of the spring (16), which can be turned in a first direction to engage the spring (16) with the holding means (18,20) and in a reverse direction to release the spring (16) from the holding means (18,20), and whereby the collet (12) can expand radially, when the spring (16) is released from the holding means (18,20), to facilitate removal of the clamp nut (10) from the spindle. A clamp nut (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding means (18,20) includes a ratchet face (20) which engages the coiled spring (16). A clamp nut (10) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ratchet face (20) is formed on a pressure member (22) which supports the collet (12). A clamp nut (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pressure member (22) includes guide pegs (28) which engage slots in the collet (12) to control the radial movement of the collet (12). A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a first end (17) of the coiled spring engages a recess (18) in the collet (12) to prevent rotation of the spring (16) around the collet (12). A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cap (30) includes a cam surface (32) for bearing against a second end (19) of the coiled spring (16) to release the coiled spring (16) from the holding means (18,20) when the cap (30) is turned in the reverse direction. A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least one stop (36) is provided for restricting relative rotation between the cap and the collet. A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the cap (30) includes a central aperture (46) through which a threaded spindle can pass, in use. A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a circlip (42) engages a groove (44) in the cap (30) to retain the coiled spring, the collet (12) and the holding means (18,20) together. A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein an O-ring forms a seal between the cap (10) and the collet (12). A clamp nut (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the threaded collet (12) is split into three segments. A clamp nut as claimed in claim 3 or in any of claims 4 to 11 when dependent on claim 3 in which said collet (12) is supported on a frusto-conical surface of said pressure member (22) to facilitate said radial expansion of the collet (12).

Inventors: BONE DANIEL, STONES KEVIN, BONE, DANIEL, STONES, KEVIN
Applicants: BLACK & DECKER INC, BLACK & DECKER INC.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B24B45
IPC codes: B25B5, B27B5, B24B45, F16B37