MULTILAYERED CONTROLLED-RELEASE ORAL SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel pharmaceutical form, consisting of a tablet capable of releasing the active material under controlled and differentiated rates; the novel pharmaceutical form is designed so as to obtain optimum plasmatic levels of the drug for a predeterminable period of time and thus making it possible to simplify the posological scheme, achieving at the same time a higher and certain therapeutic utilisation. Fundamentally, it is a two or more layered tablet, of which one at least intended to release a drug portion in short times, a second layer and optionally a third layer being suitable for gradually releasing portions of active principle.

Description: MULTI LAYERED CONTROLLED-RELEASE ORAL SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical forms for oral administration capable of releasing active substances at controlled and differentiated rate. It is well knows that the pharmaceutical forms for the oral administration are the overwhelming majority of the pharmaceutical market for numerous and diversified reasons which, in the case of tablets, are mainly determined in that they guarantee precise dosage, excellent stability of carried active materials and easy administration. In the last twenty years, of great importance has been the achievement of more and more sophisticated and diversified pharmaceutical forms, with the purpose of simplifying the posological scheme and a consequent greater patient's compliance. Such so called modified or controlled release pharmaceutical forms were aimed at, in the majority of cases, releasing the active material carried therein at constant rate in time, following a release kinetics defined as being of zero order. In some cases it was also possible to highlight that, to a drug release at a constant "in vitro" rate, corresponded a more regular trend of plasmatic levels obtainable consequently to the administration to the patient. If, in theory, such approach could have been correct so far some drugs are concerned, in the practice it has been noticed that, in many cases, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the active material in biological liquids are influenced and sometimes strictly determined by chronobiological rhythms. Furthermore, the developments of systems able to realese the active material at constant rate has brought to the designing and therapeutical utilization of dosage forms more and more sophisticated that required the use of always new polymeric substances with specific properties from the technological and productive point of view. However, such polymeric materials, which are normally biocompatible, not always appears biodegradable as well, and this implies that residues of these polymeric materials employed in creating said therapeutic systems could remain in the organism and, above all, by repeated administration, cause unwanted accumulation phenomena. In this respect, the setting in of now and then serious and, in some cases, lethal side effects occurred following the administration of the so called OROS systeme osmotic pump disclosed in the US Patent No. 4.160.020, 1979, may be mentioned. In the majority of cases, the slowing down of the active material release is obtained by utilizing gellable hydrophilic polymers capable of swelling in contact with water and/or aqueous fluids, thereby forming a gelled layer. From these systems the active material is in general released according to a Fickiam type kinetics. A number of studies and reserach work has been carried out in the past and also recently aiming at the modulation of the release rate of the principles - these ' researches were originated both by needs of therapeutical nature (for instance the achievement of determined hematic and bioavailability levels of the drug) and by practical problems related to the timing of the drug adiminstration. Generally these studies lead to proposals consisting in two layer tablets, prevailingly of concentric type, an of which was capable of a fast release of the active principle whereas the other was formulated so as to provide a slow or delayed releasing of the drug. In some cases (WO-A-9305769 and EP-A-0384514) the outer layer is that with slow release, whereas the inner one (thus accessible only when the outer layer has fulfilled its function) is of the fast release type. In other cases (US-A-2993836 and US-A-2887438) the delayed release layer forms on the contrary the care of the tablet, whereas the outer coating layer is formulated for a fast or instantaneous release of a portion of the active principle. Accordingly to further proposals two layer tablets have been disclosed in which the composition of the slow release layer was taken into consideration. For instance in US-A-2951792 the slow release layer consists of lipidic matrix formed by fatty alcohols or acids or more generally fatty derivatives. Besides the features relating to the formulation, particular attention is paid to the tablet size and to the extension of the area from which the release takes place. In the two layer tablet disclosed in GB-A-2123291 , the fast release part has a conventional composition, whereas that with slow release must conatin at least one surface active ingredient. Moreover the release delaying agent consists of a mixture of cellulose derivatives and of a slow solubilizing agent for the polymer mixture (particularly PEG). EP-A-63266 disclosed a two layer composition (a fast release and a slow release layer) wherein exclusively sodium alginate is used as the release delaying agent. However the prior proposals were not satisfactoy for several reasons, whereby it is still of interest the problem of the therapeutical cases wherein the administration (as acute or symptomatic treatment) of a first therapeutically effective dose of an active material is required, whereas in a following step the slow or at a lower rate administration of a maintenance dose of the same or different drug is necessary. These therapeutic needs obviously required complicated posological schemes that not always are correctly complied with by the patient, especially if referred to outpatient's treated subjects; it is well know in fact that the giving up of a correct compliance of the posological schemes is directly proportional to the complexity and " number of the daily required or recommended administrations. In the case, for example, of rheumatic diseases, particularly for the night time pain treatment, it would be better to have the availability of pharmaceutical forms capable of a fast release of a dose of the drug for the so called acute treatment, whilst a second quantity should be slowly released, in order to maintain for a more prolonged period of time a plasmatic level sufficiently high and therapeutically effective. That is, during this second step the release of the active substance should occur at a rate comparable to that of the drug elimination (due to either the metabolism or normal biological elimination processes). The main object of the present invention is to solve the above explained problems and drawbacks, keeping unchanged the oral administration form by means of tablets. A more specific object of the present invention is a novel pharmaceutical form containing one or more active substances that can be released with different release kinetics and, namely, that such pharmaceutical form be designed and realized to meet the specific therapeutic requirements of particular pathological situations as those quoted in the introduction. The new form is in fact intended mainly of the administration of one or more drugs, one of which must act immediately, while a hematic level or a therapeutic activity for a more prolonged period of time is required for the second active substance (or for a portion of the same active substance). These objects are achieved with the pharmaceutical form of the invention, which consists of a solid form having at least two layers of which: - at least a first layer contains an active material, carried with usual excipients and additives, that is able to promote the compressibility of the mass, in which the active material is distributed, such as to guarantee an immediate release of the active material, and - a least a second layer, superimposed upon the first one, carries a portion of the same active material of said first layer or a second active material, the formulation of said second layer involving the use of excipients and adjuvants which can adjust the releasing rate of the active material at a definitely differentiated rate in comparison with that of the above mentioned first layer. The novel formulation in accordance with the present invention allows, as a matter of fact, the use of well-established production technologies and to obtain the possibility of administering one or more active materials that are released by the pharmaceutical formulation with differentiated releasing rates. The designed and realised system, as better pointed out by the examples supporting the present application, is intended for the administration of: 1- One drug only, released at different rates: one quantity immediately and a quantity within a prolonged and /or anyhow programmable period of time. 2- Two drugs, one of which is immediately released and the second one within a more prolonged period of time. 3- Association of two drugs, of which one quantity (drug 1 + drug 2) is immediately released and one quantity (of both) in a prolonged period of time. 4- Three drugs, one of which is released fast, a second one is released at a "i vitro" programmable speed in a longer period of time, and a the third one, that is released in an even more prolonged period of time. The figures 1 and 2 of the enclosed drawings show two embodiments of th invention respectively with two layers (a and b, fig. 1) and three layers (a, band C, fig. 2). In preparing the different layers, besides the active material and depending on it solubility characteristics in water and/or aqueous liquids, polymeric materials capabl of adjusting (slow down and/or accelerate) the active material release are als employed. Among these substances of particular importance as regards the release rate are th so-called disintegrating and superdisintegrating polymers. Exhaustive information abou these polymers are contained in the paper by Shangrow R, et al. Pharmaceutica Technology, October 1980, which is hereing recalled for reference. With regard to active materials sparingly soluble in water, particular adjuvants t facilitate a rapid solubilization can be used, such as cyclodextrins, superdisintegrators etc., as reported in the book "Techniques of solubilization of drugs" by S.H Yalkowsky Ed. M. Dekker, New York 1985, and in the Italian patent application No 21091 A/90 of July 20, 1990. Active materials for the prevention of anginous attacks and hypertensive attacks, suc as: trapidil, diltiazem, verapamil, urapidil, or anti-inflammatory non steroidal (NSAID) o steroidal drugs: trapidil (7-diethylamino-5-methyl-l,2,4-triazol[l,5-a]pyrimidine) diltiazem hydrochloride (cis-(+)-3-acetoxy-5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- l,5-benz othiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochloride), verapamil hydrochloride (5-[N-(3,4-dimetheoxyphenethyl)-N-methylamino]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropylv aleronitrile hydrochloride), Urapidil hydrochloride (6-[3-(4-o-methoxyphenylpiperazin- 1 -yl)propylamino]- 1 ,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4( 1 H,3H )-dione hydrochloride) or non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSSAID) or steroidal diclofenac sodium (sodium 2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetate), indomethacin ([l -(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-yl]acetic acid), ibuprofen lysine salt (2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid compounded with L-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid acetate), ketoprofen (2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionic acid), diflusinal (-(2,4-difluorophenyl)salicylic acid), piroxicam (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)-2H- 1 ,2-benzothiazine-3-caboxamide 1 , 1 -dioxide), naproxen (+)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphtyl)propionic acid), flurbiprofen (2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)propionic acid) or sleeping substances and tranquillizers, such as diazepam (7-chloro- 1 ,3-dihydro- 1 -methyl-5-phenyl-2H- 1 ,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), nitrazepam (l,3-dihydro-7-nistro-5-phenyl-l,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) or antihistaminic and/or antiasthmatic drugs, such as ephedrine ((lR,2S)-2-methylamino-l-phenylpropan-l-ol hemihydrate), terfenadine (l-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-[4-( - -hydroxybenzhydryl)piperidino]butan- 1 -ol), teophhylline (3,7-dihydro-l,3-dimethylpurine-2,6(lH)-dione), chlorpheniramine ((±)-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-NN-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)propylamine hydrogen maleate) can be carried in the described pharmaceutical form. As polymeric substances for the preparation of said for fast realising layer of the active material, cross-linked polyvinilpyrrolidone, microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose derivatives, cross-linked sodium carboximethylcellulose, carboxymethylstarch, potassium methacrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer, polyvinylalcohols, starches, starch derivatives, beta cyclodextrin and dextrin derivatives in general may be for example employed. Said polymeric substances make up from 10% to 90% of the layer's weight. In said first layer other adjuvant substances may further find utilization, consisting of the so called effervescent mixtures, namely that can rapidly disintegrate the tablet or, in the specific case, the layer when it comes in contact with aqueous liquids and, preferably, with gastric juice. These substances include the carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium and of othe alkali metals or earth-alkali metals, the glycine sodium carbonate and other pharmaceutically acceptable salts, capable of producing effervescence in an aci environment. Depending on the pH of the medium where the rapid disgregation of the compacte product should occur, further substances such as citric, tartaric, fumaric acids that can produce the effervescence and the rapid disgregation of the compacted produc may find use in the formulation. In the preparation of the slow release second layer, adjuvants may be used such a natural and/or synthetic polymeric materials belonging to the class of the so calle hydrophilic gellable polymers, capable of slowing down the active material releas from said layer. The polymeric materials for the preparation of the slow release second layer may b selected in the class that includes hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of a molecular weigh of between 1,000 and 4,000,000, hydroxypropylcellulose of a molecular weight o between from 2,000 to 2,000,000, carboxyvinylpolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, glucans scleroglucans, mannans, xanthans, carboxymethylcellulose and its derivatives methylcellulose and, in general, cellulose derivatives. Of all the mentioned polymers various types are commercially available, characterize by different chemical, physical, solubility and gelling properties, in particula concerning hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, various types of different molecular weigh (1,000 to 4,000,000) and different substitution degree can be employed. Said hydroxypropylmethylcellulose types exhibit different characteristics, bein prevailingly erodible or prevailingly gellable as a function of the viscosity in th polymeric chain. According to the solubility of the active material and of th hydration and/or erosion properties of the polymeric substance, different release an "in vitro" programmable rates could be achieved by suitable tests. Said polymeric substances might be present in a percentage of 5 to 90% based o the total weight of said second layer but, preferably, from 50 to 85%. Finally, excipients usually employed in the pharmaceutical technics can fin application, such as mannitol, lactose, magnesium stearate, colloidal silica and other like glyceril monostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, waxes, mono-, bi- an tri-substituted glycerides. Onto said finished tablets, a film of polymeric gastroresistant and enterosolubl material may be further applied, in order to allow the activation of the system onl after the tablet has reached the duodenal-intestinal tract. Pharmaceutical systems of this latter type might find use to make tablets specifically designed and intended to release the active material in the last part of the intestinal tract, namely at the colon level. Cellulose acetophthalate, cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose trimellitate, acrylic and metacrylic polymers and copolymers, having different molecular weight and solubility depending on different pH values, may be used as polymeric materials for realizing gastroresistant systems. Said gastroresistant and enterosoluble materials can be also utilized associated with retardan polymers. Said gastroresistant and enterosoluble materials can be also utilized in combination with retardant polymers. The pharmaceutical form relations of the present invention allow therapeutic results and quite impredictable advantages to be reached as it will be confirmed by experimental tests carried out both "in vitro" and "in vivo". Referring for sake of description simplicity to the case wherein only one active material is administered either in the immediate release form or in that of programmed release, the pharmaceutical form of the present invention is likely to achieve the following results: 1) The immediate release of an amount of active material such as to set a plasmatic concentration equal to the minimum threshold needed for a symptomatic or active treatment; if it is borne in mind that, in the pharmaceutical forms for oral use with immediate release, a peak or maximum is reached in a time relatively closed to the administration arriving at a plasmatic concentration greater than the minimum required for a symptomatic therapeutic effect, this also means that with the new pharmaceutical form of the present invention the administered dosage is lower as compared to that usually estimated for the acute treatment. Considering also that many of the drugs involved in the present invention, as for example the antinflammatory active principles, often exhibit high toxicity and are gastrodetrimental the important advantage thus achieved is clearly evident. The slow or retarded release of the same active material starts when a plasmatic concentration, higher than that which can be achieved with the only slow release form is already secured, whereby plasmotion level higher than those which can be achieved with the only slow release form are recured the time being the same from the beginning of the treatment. Another aspect adds to such therapeutcially important results, namely that the pharmaceutical form of the present invention is prepared by means of production technologies consolidated in the practice and presently used, whereby are directly applicable on industrial scale. The following examples describe, by way of illustration and by no limitation whatsoever, the preparation of the pharmaceutical forms according to the invention. Example 1: Two-layered tablet, containing 200 mg trapidil, one layer of which contains 50 mg for a fast release and the second slow release layer with additional 150 mg trapidil. 1-a Preparation of the granulate forming the first fast release layer, comprising as active material 50 mg trapidil. Trapidil (B.15910100) 50.0 mg Lactose (C.Erba, Milan, I) 25.0 mg Starch maize (C.Erba, Milan, I) 15.0 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Plasdone K29-32, Gaf Corp., Wayne, NY USA) 1.0 mg Carboxymethylstarch (Explotab, Edward Hendell Co. Inc. Carmel, NY USA) 10.0 mg Magnesium stearate (C.Erba, Milan, I) 2.0 mg Talc (C.Erba, Milan, I) 3.0 mg Total 106.0 mg Trapidil, lactose and maize starch are mixed and wetted with a 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone solution in ethanol, followed by sieving on a 25 mesh sieve, drying so produced the granulate in an oven up to constant weight and sieving again on the same sieve. Carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc are added, mixing thereafter in Turbula for 15 minutes. A granulate (granulate A) is in this way made, showing good flow and compacting properties. The granulate undergoes the compression step as hereinafter described. 1-b Preparation of the granulate used to prepare the second layer containing 150 mg slow release trapidil Trapidil (B.15910100) 150.0 mg Mannitol (C.Erba, Milan, I) 85.0 mg Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K 4 M, Colocorn Orpington UK) 45.0 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Plasdone K29-32, Gaf Corp. , Wayne, NY, USA) 7.5 mg Magnesium stearate (C.Erba, Milan, I) 1.5 mg Colloidal silica (Syloid 244, Grace GmbH, Worms D) 1.5 mg Total 290.5 mg Trapidil, mannitol and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose are mixed and wetted with a 10% ethanol solution of pyrrolidone. After sieving on a 25 mesh sieve, so produced the granulate is dried in an oven at 40°C up to constant weight and sieved again on the same sieve. The magnesium stearate and colloidal silice are added and mixed in Turbula for 10 minutes. With this procedure a granulate (granulate B) is obtained with good flow and compacting properties. The granulate undergoes the compression step as hereinafter described. 1-c Preparation of finished systems (by compression) A Layer Press rotative compression machine (Manesty Liverpool U.K.) is used to prepare tablets as shown in Fig. lb; this machine as known by those stilled in th art, consist of a rotative compression mechanism equipped with two or three loadin stations and thus able to make two or three layered tablets. In the specific case, th machine is assembled and set to produce two layered tablets. The machine for this purpose is equipped with oblong (capsule-type) punches of 16x16 mm. The first loading hopper is filled with the granulate described at pront 1-a (granulate A), while the second one is filled with the granulate described at point 1-b (granulate B). The first loading station is adjusted so as to provide layers of 106 mg granulate (equal to 50 mg active material) while the second loading station is adjusted so as to provide an amount of granulate B ( slow release active material) of 290,5 mg equal to 150 mg active material. By operating as previously illustrated, two-layered tablets, are produced weighing on average 396,5 mg which totally contain 200 mg trapidil. Said finished systems are subjected to the dissolution test as hereunder specified. 1 -d Dissolution test To evaluate the releasing features of the finished (two-layered) systems, the basket apparatus 1 (described in USP XXII) is utilized, operating at 100 r.p.m. and using as a dissolution fluid 1000 ml of deionized water at 37°C. The active material release is monitored by U.V. spectrophotometric determination at 299 nm, with an automatic system of sampling and quantitative determination, and with an automatic data processing program(Spectrocomp 602, Advanced Products-Milano) The test results are listed in Table 1 TABLE 1 Time (min) % released trapidil 15 27,0 30 37,5 60 45,3 120 57,7 240 75,5 360 100,6 It clearly appears that 25% of the 200 mg of the carried active material (first amount) is fast released in 15 minutes, whereas the second amount is released in about 6 hrs. The data reported in Table 1 have been transferred in the figure 3 graph: to help in a comparison, figures 4 and 5 report the graphs obtainable with the same dissolution test procedure, referred respectively only to the fast release form of 50 mg active material (that is of the trapidil itself) and only to the slow release form of 150 mg active material. figure 5 shows the same release curves in just one graph, and it is easy to appreciate that, with the pharmaceutical form of the present invention, (curve a) an initial peak clearly higher than that attainable with the only form of retarded release is achieved, making it sufficient to add in the immediate release pharmaceutical ' form an active material concentration sufficient just to exceed the minimum threshold at which an immediate effect or, in other words of symptomatic treatment is attainedto achieve the desired result. In other words, from figure 5 it can be immediately appreciated that in the immediate release form (curve b) the 100% level of the active material release is quickly reached (within 15 minutes) and this makes to estimate that such a drug's quantity might be similarly absorbed attaining effective plasmatic concentrations. Likewise, in the case of administering the only one form of slow or retarded release (curve C), the total release occurs after a very long time, and therefore, a release level "in vivo" sufficient to produce a therapeutic effect will also be reached after a longer time. Thus before the present invention, the therapeutical choice had to be made between adopting a symptomatic or shock therapy and a treating and maintaining therapy without, or at least with a poor symptomatic effect. With the pharmaceutical form of the present invention comprising the two dosages of the immediate release and slow release forms respectively, as it is easy to verify from the corresponding curve (c) of Figure 5, the release is about twice as much as that of the only slow release form, and is high enough to produce an immediate symptomatic effect. Once this initial function is completed, the release takes place in the same way as with the slow release form, which consequently affect the release of the immediate release form. An experimental confirmation of the previous "in vitro" tests has been obtained by carrying out the "in vivo" treatment in well being volunteers at the following dosages (and by plotting in figure 6 the corresponding plasmatic levels as a function of time): (i) Fast release pharmaceutical form containing 100 mg of trapidil (curve b of figure 6) and (ii) Slow release pharmaceutical form containing 200 mg of trapidil (curve c of figure 6) and (iii) Pharmaceutical form according to the presente invention containing 200 mg of trapidil wherein the 25% of the active material dose was present as a fast release amount, and the remaining 75% was present as a slow release amount (curve a of figure 6). The numerical data of the aforementioned plasmatic levels are listed in Table 1A which follows. TABLE IA From Table and figure 6 it can be immediately appreciated as the pharmaceutical form of the present invention makes it possible to reach the above mentioned therapeutic advantages, namely the effect of the symptomatic treatment (obviously by adjusting in a suitable manner the dosage of the fast release portion and that of ensuring that the slow release form will maintain its effect. In addition the symptomatic effect is obtained with a lower dosage of active principle (obviously calculated so as to exceed the threshold over which the acute effect is attained), with the clear advantages in terms of lower toxicity or, in the case of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs (FANS), lower gastrolesiveness besides a minor quantity administered to the patient. Example 2 - Two - layered tablet containing 400 mg of 4-methoxy-N -(3-pyrimidilmethyl)l ,3- benzenedicarboxamide (compound hereinafter indicated with G619), of which one layer contains 200 mg of active material for a fast release and in a second layer there are 200 additional mg of G619 for slow release. 2-a Preparation of the granulate forming the first fast release layer, containing 200 mg of G619 as active material. G 619 (Farma resa batch n. 89043 200.00 mg Maize starch 75.00 mg Mannitol 25.00 mg Polyvinylpirrolidone (10% in ethanol) 6.25 mg Carboxymethylstarch (Explotab) 10.00 mg Magnesium stearate (C.Erba) 3.75 mg Colloidal Silica (Syloid 244) 0.75 mg Total 320.75 mg 2-b Preparation of the granulated used for preparing the second slow release layer wherein 200 mg of G619 are contained. G 619 (Farma resa batch N. 89043) 200.0 mg Mannitol (C.Erba, Mila, I) 50.0 mg Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K 4 M, Colorcon, Orpington UK) 30.0 mg Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel E 5, Colorcon, Orpington UK) 30.0 mg Polyvinylpirrolidone (Plasdone K29-32, Gaf Corp, Wayne NY USA) 13.0 mg Magnesium Stearate (C.Erba, Milan, I) 2.5 mg Colloidal Silica (Syloid 244, Grace GmbH, Worms, D) 0.5 mg Total 326.0 mg Both these layers are prepared as per Example 1. 2-c Preparation of the finished systems (by compression) The same rotative compression machine, equipped with oblong (capsule-type) punches of 19 x 9 mm, as described in Example 1, is used to prepare the tablets. The first loading hopper is filled with the granulate described at point 2-a (granulate A), while the second one is filled with the granulate described in 2-b (granulate B). The first loading station is adjusted in order to provide layers of 320,75 mg of granulate (equal to 200 mg active material), while the second loading station is adjusted so as to provide an amount of granulate B (with slow active material release) of 326,0 mg equal to 200 mg active material. By operating as previously illustrated, two-layered tablets with an average weight of 646,75 mg, totally containig 400 mg of G619, are produced. Said finished systems are subjected to the dissolution test as hereunder specified. 2-d Dissolution test To evaluate the releasing features of the finished (two-layered) systems, the 2 paddle apparatus (as per USPXXII) is used, operating at 100 r.p.m. and with 1000 ml at 37°C of deionized water used as a dissolution fluid. The active material release is monitored by U.V. spectrophotometric determination at 251 nm, with an automatic system of sampling and dosage, as well as with an automatic data processing program (Spectracomp 602, Advanced Products Milano). The results of the tests carried out are listed in Table II. TABLE II Time (min) % Released G619 15 53,0 30 58,5 60 65,0 120 78,2 180 90,3 240 98,5 360 100,4 It is evident that of the 400 mg of the carried active material, 50% (first amount) is fast released, in 15 minutes, whereas the second amount is released in about 4-6 hours. Example 3 - Two layer tablet containing 800 mg of ibuprofen, one fast release layer containing 250 mg of active principle and the other slow release layer containing 550 mg of ibuprofen. 3 -a Preparation of the granulate forming the first fast release layer containing as the active principle 250 mg of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen (CFM B. 2235/18/87) 250.00 rag Maize starch (USP grade, C.Erba, Milan, I) 74.63 mg Dye (Nacarat Red E 120) 0.25 mg Methylcellulose (BDH, Poole, UK) 1.25 mg Sodium laurylsulfate (C.Erba, Milan, I) 0.75 mg Carboxymethylstarch (USP grade) 18.75 mg Crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyplasdone XL, ISP, Wayne, US) 7.50 mg Magnesium stearate (C.Erba, Milan, I) 3.37 mg Total 356.50 mg The manufacturing process comprises the preparation of a granulate obtained by admixing, in a sigma mixer (Erweka model type K 5, Frankfuert a.M., D) the proper amounts of active principle and 50 mg of maize starch; the homogeneous powder mixture is wetted with a 1.3% (w/v) aqueous solution of methylcellulose in which the sodium laurylsulfate and the dye have been previously dissolved; the homogeneously moistened mass is forced through a 25 mesh (710 um) grid leading to a regular granulate which is dried in an air circulation oven at 40-45°C. The granulate, after drying to constant weight, is placed into a powder mixer (Turbula mod.T2A, Bachofen, Basel, CH), added with the crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, the remaining 24.63 mg of maize starch and the carboxymethylstarch and admixed for 20 minutes. Then the magnesium stearate is added and the admixing is continued for further 20 minutes. The granulate, lubricated and analyzed for the content of active principle, is subjected to the hereinafter described compression phase. 3-b Preparation of the granulate used for the second slow release layer containing 550 mg of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen (CFM B. 2235/18/87) 550..0 mg Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K4M Colorcon, Orpington UK) 183. .3 mg Mannitol (C.Erba, Milan, I) 110. .0 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Plasdone K 29 ISP, Wayne, NY USA) 18. .3 mg Talc (C.Erba, Milan, I) 16. .5 mg Magnesium stearate (C.Erba, Milan, I) 3. .7 mg Colloidal silica (Syloid 244, Grace GmbH, Worms D) 0.9 mg Total 882.7 mg A granulate is preparaed by admixing in a sigma nixer (Erweka model type K5) the proper amounts of ibuprofen, mannitol and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K4M, apparent viscosity 4,000 cP); the homogeneous powder mixture is wetted with a 10% (w/v) alcoholic solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and the homogeneously wetted mass is forced through a 25 mesh grid leading to a regular granulate which is dried in an air circulation oven at 40-45°C.The granulate, dried to constant weight, is placed in a powder mixer (Turbula model T2A) and added with talc, magnesium stearate and colloidal silica, and admixed for 20 minutes. The granulate is then compressed as hereinafter described. 3-c Preparation of the finished systems (by compression) For the preparation of the tablets the same rotating compression machine and the same operating conditions as in the previous examples are used, so as to obtain two layer tablets. The resulting tablets have an average weight of 1239.2 mg containing on the whole 800 mg of ibuprofen, which are subjected to the dissolution test as hereinafter specified. 3-d Dissolution test In order to assess the realeasing behaviour of the tablets the 2 paddle apparatus is used (USP XXII) adjusted for a vessel of 5 litres capacity in order to maintaining the sink conditions, the test being carried out at 100 r.p.m. and using as the dissolution fluid 5 1 of simulated intestinal fluid (USP XXII), without enzymes at 37°C. The release of the active principle is monitored by U.V. spectrophotometric measurement at 223 nm, using an automatic sampling and reading system (Spectracomp 602 of Advanced Products, Milano, I). The results of the test are reported in the following table III Table III time (h) Released % (total) 0.5 31.3 2 37.0 4 42.9 8 52.9 12 66.2 16 78.5 20 88.0 24 99.1 It is thus seen that from the tablets the fast release of the first amount of drug (about 31% of the total) is obtained within 30 minutes, whereas in the second phase, definitely differentiated from the first one, the drug is released under controlled rate in about 24 hours. The foregoing examples refer to pharmaceutical forms containing only one active material divided within two layers. It is understood that is also possible and foreseen within the scope of the present invention to produce, with the above mentioned procedures, three-layered pharmaceutical forms, that is with delayed release of the same active material but adjusted at different rates from one layer to another. Similarly, the third layer might instead include another active material for supplementing, at a certain point of the treatment, the therapeutic effect of the first active material, already released in fast and/or slow released form as well. So far the realisation of the aforementioned pharmaceutical forms is concerned, these are made with the galenical technics already cited, and by employing the adjuvants and carriers well known by themselves in the technical field. It should be finally noted that the previous list of the active materials which can be used in the pharmaceutical forms of the present invention is not intended as a limit since, as it is evident, the invention is extended to all the active materials, for which is foreseen or foreseable either the fast release administration for a systemic therapeutic effect or the slow release administration for a treatment of maintaining or prolonging the main therapeutical effect.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Pharmaceutical form for oral administration and in a solid form capable of releasing the active material or the active materials carried therein in subsequent times, characterized in that: - at least a first layer contains an active material, carried with excipients and additives, selected from the group of the disintegrating and/or superdisintegrating croos-linked, such as cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxy methylcellulose carboxymethyl starch, potassium methacrylate - divinylbenzene copolymer, polyvinylalcohols, starches, starch derivatives, microcrystalline cellulose an cellulosic derivatives, beta cyclodextrin, dextrins derivatives, and their mixtures such as to guarantee a fast release of the active material and - at least a second layer, placed upon the first, containing a portion of the same active material of said first layer or of a second active material, the formulation of said second layer involving the use of excipients and adjuvants which can adjust the releasing rate of the active material at a definitely differentiated value in comparison with that of the aforementioned first layer, selected from the group comprising hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of molecular weight from 1.000 to 4.000.000, hydroxypropylcellulose of molecular weight from 2,000 to 2,000,000, carboxyvinylpolymers, polyvinylalcohls, glucans, scleroglucans, mannans,xanthans, alginic acid and poly(methylcellulose and it derivatives, methylcellulose. 2. Pharmaceutical form according to claims 1, characterized in that said disintetrating or superdisintetrating compounds of said first layer make up from 10 to 90% by weight of the same layer preferably from 20 to 70% by weight. 3. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that said additives contained in said first layer are adjuvants selected form the groups including starch, pregelled starch, calcium phosphate, mannitol, lactose, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol, microcrystalline cellulose and binding agents such as gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, starch water (o paste) ethylcellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, and lubricants and antiadhering compounds such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, colloidal silica, glyceril mnostearate, polyoxyethyleneglycols of 400 to 50000 molecular waight, hydrogenated castoroil, waxes and mono, bi and tri-substituted glycerides. 4. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1 , characterized in that said additives in said first layer are made of effervescent mixture that is capable to cause a rapid disintegration said first layer when it camos in contact with an aqueous enviroument and preferably with gastric juice. 5. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 4, characterized in that said additives are selected from the group of sodium carbonates and/or of other alkaline metals and/or alkaline-earth metals, sodium bicarbonate and other bicarbonates, glycine sodium carbonate, and other pharmaceutically acceptable salts, that can produce effervescence in acid anviroument, as well citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, capable of producing the effervescence and the rapid disintegration of said first layer, indipendently from the pH. 6. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 5, characterized in that said materials capable of producing effervescence make up 3 to 40% by weight of said first layer. 7. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a second and a third layer including a same or different active material together with polymeric materials, excipients and adjuvants. 8. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 7, characterized in that said polymeric materials of said second and possible third layer make up to 5 to 90% by weight of the same layer. 9. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that said adjuvants contained in said at least one slow release layer are selected from the group including polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, starch water (o paste) ethylcellulose, arabic gum and tragacanth gum, and other materials with binding properties in wet and/or dry conditions. 10. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that said adjuvants of said least one slow release layer are selected form the group comprising glyceril monostearate, semi-synthetic glycerides, glycerilpalmitostearate, glyceril behenate, microcristalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearate, talc, sodium benzoate, boric acid and colloidal silica. 11. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that said adjuvants of said at least one slow release layer are selected from the group comprising hydrogenated castor oil, fatty acids, waxes and mono-bi-and tri-substituted glucerides, polyoxyethyleneglycols and their derivatives with molecular weight of form 400 to 60.000. 12. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that said active materials are selected form the group including steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAID 1 ), sleeping substances and tranquillizers, active substances for preventing anginous and hypertensive attacks, and antihistaminic acnd/or antiasthmatic drugs and combinations thereof. 13. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 12, characterized in that said anti-inflammatory is selected from diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, ibuprofen, ibuprofen lysine salt, ketoprofen, diflunisal, piroxicam, naproxen, flurbiprofen. 14. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 12, charaterized in that said sleeping substance or tranquillizer is selected among diazepam, nitrazepam, flurozepam, oxazepam, chlorodiazepoxide. 15. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 12 charaterized in that said antianginous and antihypertensive active material is selected among diltiazem, trapidil, verapamil, urapidil, benziodarone dipyridamole. 16. Pharmaceutical form according to claim 12, characterized in that said antihistaminic or antiasthmatic material is selected among ephedrine, terfenadine, theophylline, chloropheniramine, terbutiline. 17. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1 , characterized in that said first layer has a thickness from 0,5 to 5 mm and contains from 1 to 90% by weight of active material. 18. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1, characterized in that said second layer and possible third layer has a thickness of from 0,1 to 6,0 mm and contains from 10 to 90% by weight of gellable, and/or soluble and/or erodible polymer and from 1 to 90% by weight of active material. 19. Pharmaceutical form according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that said second and third layer contain a portion of the same active material carried in the first layer. 20. Pharmaceutical form according to Claim 1 or 8, characterized in that an active material, different from that included in the first layer, is carried in the second and third layer. 21. Pharmaceutical form according to Claims 1 or 8, characterized in that said third layer contains, in addition to the active material or active materials, also other adjuvants selected among those mentioned in Claims 1 to 6.

Inventors: CONTE UBALDO, GIUNCHEDI PAOLO, MAGGI LAURETTA, CONTE, UBALDO, GIUNCHEDI, PAOLO, MAGGI, LAURETTA
Applicants: APPLIED PHARMA RES, CONTE UBALDO, GIUNCHEDI PAOLO, MAGGI LAURETTA, APR APPLIED PHARMA RESEARCH SA, CONTE, UBALDO, GIUNCHEDI, PAOLO, MAGGI, LAURETTA
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61K9
IPC codes: A61K9