Device for detecting the bending magnitude of a shaft

Abstract: A bending magnitude detecting device which can preciselydetect the bending magnitude of a shaft and which does not obstruct the high speed rotation of the shaft. A first coil 1 is disposed facing the outer surface of a shaft, and a second coil 2 is disposed in such a way that it faces the first coil 1 through the shaft. These two coils 1, 2 are connected to each other in series. In order to provide a difference between the inductances of these two coils 1, 2, for example the number of winds of the first coil is made greater than the number of winds of the second coil 2. By means of this kind of construction, the characteristic of an output signal S₀ obtained from the series connection point A of the two coils 1, 2 is offset, and, as a result, even when the bending magnitude of the shaft is in the extremely small range [a], the characteristic of the output signal S₀ has a constant linearity.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a device for detecting the amount of bending in a shaft such as a grindstone shaft, and particularly to a device which can detect the bending magnitude in a shaft with high precision. Hitherto, in order to find such quantities as the grinding resistance acting on a shaft on the end of which a grindstone is fitted, or a so-called grindstone shaft, a device which detects the bending magnitude of the shaft has been used. This kind of device has a target integrally mounted in the outer surface of the shaft and first and second coils connected to each other in series, and the target is formed of a laminated electromagnetic steel plate. The first coil is mounted close to the outer surface of the shaft and facing the target, and the second coil is disposed in such a way that it faces the first coil through the target and the shaft. These coils are formed in such a way that they both have substantially the same inductance. *) This bending magnitude detecting device is constructed in such a way that when the shaft bends while a high frequency voltage is being applied across the first and second coils, it can detect the actual bending magnitude of the shaft by wave-detecting and rectifying an output signal which is produced at the series connection point of the two coils and whose absolute value corresponds to the bending magnitude of the shaft. However, in this kind of conventional bending magnitude detecting device, i.e. in devices which use two coils to detect the bending magnitude of a shaft, even when a target of a laminated electromagnetic steel plate is mounted integrally with the shaft as described above, due to hysteresis loss and eddy current loss caused by the high frequency excitation voltage, etc., especially when the bending range of the shaft is located in the vicinity of the center of both the coils and the bending magnitude is extremely small, the occurrence of a residual voltage in the coils is unavoidable. Because it is impossible to completely eliminate this residual voltage, in the characteristic of the output signal obtained from the series connection point of the two coils, as shown in Fig. 6(a), in the range [a] where the bending magnitude is extremely small, there is no linearity. In the characteristic of the wave-detected output signal obtained when this output signal is wave-detected and rectified, as shown in Fig. 6(b), in the range [a] where the bending magnitude is extremely small, changes in the magnitude of the wave-detected output signal are much smaller than changes in the magnitude of the bending. In other words, because the precision of the wave-detected output signal becomes coarse, it is impossible to detect the bending magnitude with high precision. Furthermore, because a laminated electromagnetic steel plate target for detecting the bending magnitude is incorporated into the shaft as an extra component, such problems as the added weight on the shaft increasing and the bending resonance frequency of the shaft falling, and, in order to prevent the target material being destroyed by centrifugal forces, it not being possible to rotate the shaft at high speeds, have arisen. When, in order to make it possible for the shaft to rotate at high speeds, the laminated electromagnetic steel plate target is removed, in other words when the shaft itself (integrated material of quenched steel) is made the target, there has been the problem that because, compared with the case in which a laminated electromagnetic steel plate target is provided, hysteresis loss and eddy current loss caused by the high frequency excitation voltage, etc., become even greater, and the residual voltage mentioned above becomes very large, and the bending magnitude detection precision becomes much worse. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a bending magnitude detecting device which detects the bending magnitude of a shaft with high precision and which also makes possible the high speed rotation of the shaft. In order to achieve this object, according to the present invention, a device for detecting a shaft bending magnitude according to claim 1 is provided. According to this invention, due to the difference in the inductances of the two coils, the output signal obtained from the series connection point of the two coils is offset in one direction; that is, even if the shaft bending magnitude is in the extremely small range, constant linearity can be obtained in the characteristic of the output signal mentioned above at all times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a bending magnitude detecting device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the bending magnitude detecting device shown in Fig. 1 fitted to a grindstone shaft; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a view illustrating a bending magnitude detecting device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a view illustrating the characteristics of the output signals in a bending magnitude detecting device according to the present invention; and Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the characteristics of the output signals in a conventional bending magnitude detecting device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A preferred embodiment of a bending magnitude detecting device according to the present invention will now be described in detail, with reference to Figs. 1 to 6. In this preferred embodiment, an example of the invention applied to a device which detects the bending magnitude of a shaft on the end of which a grindstone is fitted, or a so-called grindstone shaft, in order to obtain the grinding resistance, is shown. This bending magnitude detecting device, as shown in Fig. 1, has first and second coils 1 and 2; as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the first coil 1 is positioned between two sets of bearings 51, which support a shaft 50, and a grindstone 52 mounted on the end of the shaft 50, and also is mounted close to the outer surface of the shaft 50; the second coil 2 is disposed facing the first coil 1 through the shaft 50, and these first and second coils 1 and 2 are connected to each other in series, as shown in Fig. 1. The number of windings of the first coil 1 is set to be greater than that of the second coil 2, and in this way the coils 1 and 2 are given different inductances. The coils 1 and 2 differ only in their numbers of windings, and the materials of which they are made and their distances from the center line of the shaft 50, etc., are made the same. A high frequency voltage from two high frequency oscillators 3, 3 is applied across the coils 1 and 2. When the shaft 50 bends while the high frequency voltage is being applied across the coils 1 and 2, an output signal S 0 which has the high frequency component of the high frequency oscillators 3, 3 and whose absolute value corresponds to the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is obtained from the series connection point A of the two coils 1 and 2. The characteristic of the output signal S 0 thus obtained is offset in one direction, as shown in Fig. 5(a), due to the above-mentioned difference between the inductances of the two coils 1 and 2. In other words, the construction is such that even when the range over which the shaft bends is in the vicinity of the center of the two coils 1 and 2 and also the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is in the extremely small range [a], a constant linearity is obtained in the characteristic of the output signal S 0 at all times. A hending magnitude detecting circuit 4 is connected to the series connection point A of the two coils 1 and 2, and this bending magnitude detecting circuit 4 contains an alternating current amplifier 5, a synchronized waveform detector 6, a low-pass filter 7 and an offset modulator 8. The alternating current amplifier 5 amplifies the output signal S 0 from the series connection point A and outputs it to the synchronized waveform detector 6. The synchronized waveform detector 6 wave-detects the amplified output signal S 1 from the alternating current amplifier 5 based on a synchronization signal from the synchronized waveform detecting signal generator 9 and outputs it to the low-pass filter 7, and the low-pass filter 7 cuts the high frequency component of the high frequency oscillators 3 from the wave-detected output signal S 2 . The high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 from this low-pass filter 7 also is obtained with its characteristic still offset, as shown in Fig. 5(b). In other words, the construction is such that even when the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is in the extremely small range [a], a constant linearity is obtained in the high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 at all times. The purpose of the offset modulator 8 is to modulate the level of the high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 ; using this modulating function, when the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is "0", it is possible to set the value of the high frequency-filtered output signal S, from the low-pass filter to "0". It is noted here that the first and second coils 1, 2 and the bending magnitude detecting circuit 4 discussed above detect the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 in the Y-axis direction; other first and second coils la, 2a and another bending magnitude detecting circuit 4a detect the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 in the X-axis direction, but because their construction is the same as that of the components 1, 2 and 4 described above, their detailed description will be omitted. Now, the operation of a bending magnitude detecting device constructed as described above will be explained in detail, with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 and Fig. 5. According to this bending magnitude detecting device, while a high frequency voltage from the high frequency oscillators 3 is applied across the two coils 1 and 2, grinding of a workpiece W with the grindstone 52 is performed. When the shaft 50 is caused to bend by this grinding, an output signal S 0 whose absolute value corresponds to the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is outputted froni the series connection point of the two coils 1 and 2 to the bending magnitude detecting circuit 4. The characteristic of this output signal So is offset, as shown in Fig. 5(a), due to the difference in the number of windings, that is, the difference in the inductances, of the two coils 1 and 2. As a result, even if the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is in the extremely small range [a], a constant linearity is obtained in the output signal S 0 at all times. The output signal So outputted to the bending magnitude detecting circuit 4 is amplified by the amplifier 5, wave-detected by the synchronized waveform detector 6 based on the synchronization signal from the synchronized wave detection signal generator 9, and then outputted to the low-pass filter 7; then, in the low-pass filter 7, the high frequency component of the high frequency oscillator 3 is cut out. The characteristic of this high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 is also obtained still in an offset state, as shown in Fig. 5(b). In other words, even when the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is in the extremely small range [a], a constant linearity is obtained in the high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 at all times. Therefore, even when the shaft 50 is bent only very slightly, it is possible to detect that bending magnitude from the high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 with high precision. The offset modulator 8 modulates the level of the high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 ; using this modulation, when the bending magnitude of the shaft 50 is "0", it is possible to set the value of the high frequency-filtered output signal S 3 to "0". According to the bending magnitude detecting device of the preferred embodiment described above, because there is provided a difference between the number of windings of the first and second coils, there is provided a difference in the inductances of the two coils, and this causes the output signal obtained from the series connection point of the two coils to be offset in one direction, in other words, even when the bending magnitude of the shaft is in the extremely small range a constant linearity is obtained in the characteristic of the output signal at all times. Therefore it is possible to detect the bending magnitude of the shaft precisely based on that output signal. Because the bending magnitude of the shaft is a few micrometers at the most, if the difference between the inductances of the first and second coils is to some extent set to be large, then a constant linearity can be obtained for bending in the opposite direction also. That is, it is possible to make the output signal have linearity over the range of bending magnitudes to be measured. Furthermore, according to the bending magnitude detecting device of this preferred embodiment, because it is made possible to detect the bending magnitude of the shaft precisely just by providing a difference in the inductances of the two coils, without mounting an extra target on the shaft, high speed rotation of the shaft also becomes possible. It is noted that although in the preferred embodiment described above the construction was such that, as the means by which the difference between the inductances of the two coils 1 and 2 is provided, a difference was provided in the number of windings of the two coils 1 and 2, the invention is not limited to this construction, and, for example, the device may be alternatively constructed in such a way that, as shown in Fig. 4, both the coils 1 and 2 have the same number of windings, and just the positions in which the coils 1 and 2 are disposed are made to differ, so that the distance of the first coil 1 from the center line of the shaft 50 is shorter than that of the second coil 2 and the inductance of the first coil is made greater than that of the second coil, or constructed in such a way that just the materials of the iron cores of the coils 1 and 2 are suitably selected to make the inductances of the first and second coils different. Although in the preferred embodiment described above the invention was described with reference to an example in which it is applied to a grindstone shaft, the invention is not limited to this, and can alternatively be applied to the main shaft of the workpiece side, or the like. In a bending magnitude detecting device according to this invention, because, as described above, a difference is provided between the inductances of the first and second coils, the output signal obtained from the series connection point of the two coils is offset in one direction. Therefore, even when the bending magnitude of the shaft is in an extremely small range, a constant linearity can be obtained in the characteristic of this output signal, and based on this signal it is possible to detect the bending magnitude of the shaft with high precision. Furthermore, according to this bending magnitude detecting device, because highly precise detection of the bending magnitude of the shaft is made possible just by the provision of a difference in the inductances of the two coils, without an extra target being mounted on the shaft, the device has advantages such as that high speed rotation of the shaft also becomes possible.

Claims: A device for detecting a bending magnitude of a shaft comprising electromagnetic material, comprising: a first coil (1) disposed close to the outer surface of a shaft (50); a second coil (2) connected in series with said first coil (1) and facing said first coil (1) through said shaft (50); voltage applying means (3) for applying a high frequency voltage across both said first and second coils (1,2); and a bending magnitude detecting circuit (4) for detecting the magnitude of the bending in the shaft (50) based on an output signal (S 0 ) from the series connection point (A) of said first and second coils (1,2); characterized in that the output signal (S 0 ) obtained from the series connection point (A) of the two coils (1,2) is offset in one direction by the difference in the inductances of the two coils (1,2) so that constant linearity can be obtained in the characteristic of the output signal (S 0 ) at all times. A device for detecting a shaft bending magnitude according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the inductance of said first coil (1) and the inductance of said second coil (2) is provided by making the numbers of windings of said first and second coils (1,2) different. A device for detecting a shaft bending magnitude according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the inductance of said first coil (1) and the inductance of said second coil (2) is provided by making the distances from the center-line of the shaft (50) to said first and second coils (1,2) different. A device for detecting a shaft bending magnitude according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the inductance of said first coil (1) and the inductance of said second coil (2) is provided by making the materials used for the cores of said first and second coils (1,2) different. A grinding device comprising a device for detecting a shaft bending magnitude according to claim 1, comprising: a first coil (1) mounted close to the outer surface of a shaft (50); a second coil (2) connected in series with said first coil (1) and facing said first coil (1) through said shaft (50); voltage applying means (3) for applying a high frequency voltage across both said first and second coils (1,2); and a bending magnitude detecting circuit (4) for detecting the magnitude of the bending in the shaft (50) based on an output signal (S 0 ) from the series connection point (A) of said first and second coils (1,2); characterized in that the output signal (S 0 ) obtained from the series connection point (A) of the two coils (1,2) is offset in one direction by the difference in the inductances of the two coils (1,2) so that constant linearity can be obtained in the characteristic of the output signal (S 0 ) at all times.

Inventors: KUWAHARA OKIKAZU, OMORI HIDEKI, KUWAHARA, OKIKAZU, OMORI, HIDEKI, KUWAHARA, OKIKAZU, C/O SEIKO SEIKI K.K., OMORI, HIDEKI, C/O SEIKO SEIKI K.K.
Applicants: SEIKO SEIKI KK, SEIKO SEIKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G01B7
IPC codes: G01B7, B24B49