AN ASSEMBLY FOR USE IN CONNECTING OPTICAL FIBRES HAVING PIVOTALLY MOUNTED HOUSINGS

Abstract: An assembly (10) for use in connecting optical fibres to an optical fibre device having input and output tails comprises a plurality of housings (12) for housing optical fibre connections. Each housing (12) is typically mounted to, and supported by a respective routing member (14). The routing members are rigidly connected one to another such that the housings are arranged in an aligned bank. Each housing is pivotable for providing access thereto from the stowed position out of alignment with the other housings.

Description: An assembly for use in connecting optical fibres having pivotally mounted housings This invention relates to the connection of optical fibres and in particular to an assembly provided with a plurality of housings for housing associated optical fibre connections. Such assemblies are known, for example, from US 5187766, and EP 0370819A in each of which such housings are disposed in an aligned bank with each housing being movable out of alignment with the other housings to provide access to the optical fibre connection or connections therein. The assemblies disclosed in the above-mentioned specifications (i) are inefficient in their use of space, which is a disadvantage when the assembly needs to be accommodated in locations where space is limited, and (ii) have a construction which restricts the number of housings they can incorporate, which is a disadvantage when assemblies with different numbers of housings are required. An object of the present invention is to enable at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages to be overcome. In one aspect the invention includes an assembly for use in connecting optical fibres, the assembly comprising a plurality of housings for housing optical fibre connections, each housing being pivotally mounted to, and supported by, a respective rigid routeing member having passage means for routeing fibres to that housing via a respective flexible conduit means extending between the routeing member and that housing, said routeing members being rigidly connected one to another such that said housings are arranged in an aligned bank when in stowed positions, each housing being pivotable for providing access thereto from its stowed position out of alignment with the other housings. It will be appreciated that since each housing is mounted to, and supported by, its associated routeing member, the number of housings in the assembly may be varied to suit requirements. Also, since the routeing members are connected together such that the housings are arranged in an aligned bank, the space occupied by the housings in an assembly may be minimised for the number of housings in that assembly. It will also be appreciated that by arranging for each flexible conduit means to have a minimum bend radius during pivotal movement of the housing associated with it, the bend radius of the optical fibres in the flexible conduit can be maintained above a predetermined value. Advantageously, each conduit means may define a plurality of passages aligned with respective passages of the passage means of the associated routeing member. This feature enables individual fibres to be routed through separate passages to the housings, which facilitates assembly, particularly when assembly utilises the blown fibre technique in which the fibres are blown through respective passages. Also, each flexible conduit means may extend into the associated housing and be split along at least some of its length within the housing into separate tubes. Preferably each housing is provided with a respective pivoting device providing the pivotal mounting of that housing, each pivoting device being connected for movement relative to the respective routeing member and the respective housing about first and second connections respectively, at least one of said connections being a pivotal connection. The use of these pivoting devices enables access to be gained to each housing by pivoting through a smaller angle than would be required if each housing were pivoted to a routeing member about a single axis. This is advantageous when space around the assembly is limited and/or when assemblies have to be located next to each other. Advantageously, the assembly may further comprise means for selectively restricting the amount of movement of each housing out of alignment with the other housings in the bank thereof. This feature may be used to provide (i) ready access for test purposes to that part of the housing in which the fibre connection or connections and the fibres immediately adjacent thereto are accommodated and (ii) selective access to a part of the housing where excess fibre is stored. It will be understood that the assembly may be used for connecting two optical fibres in a so-called point-to-point link by routeing these fibres to one of the housings through the routeing member and flexible conduit means associated therewith and locating the connection, preferable together with excess fibre, within that housing. However, the assembly may also be used in connecting optical fibres to at least one optical device having input and output tails, in which case the assembly further comprises a further housing for housing said at least one optical device and a manifold device for guiding said optical fibre tails from said further housing to said passage means of said routeing members. Advantageously, the assembly may be provided with said at least one optical device housed in said further housing with the optical fibre tails thereof routed to said housings via said manifold device, said routeing members and said flexible conduit means for connection in said housings to optical fibres when said optical fibres are routed to said housings via said routeing members and flexible conduit means. In order that the invention may be well understood, the above-mentioned embodiment thereof, which is given by way of example only, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic view of an assembly for use in connecting optical fibres to at least one optical device having input and output tails and some major parts of the assembly; Figure 2 is a diagram showing fibre routeing of the assembly of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a perspective, exploded view of a sub-assembly of the assembly shown in Figure 1 and comprising a housing for housing two optical fibre connections mounted to a routeing member by a pivoting device with a flexible conduit extending between the housing and routeing member; Figure 4 is a perspective, exploded view of another sub-assembly of the assembly shown in Figure 1 and comprising a housing for housing a passive optical device and a manifold for routeing input and output tails of the device. Figure 5 is an exploded view of a plurality of the sub-assemblies of Figure 2 connected together with the housing of one sub-assembly moved out of alignment with the other housings, and with parts of the upper sub-assemblies omitted for illustrative purposes; Figure 6 is a perspective; exploded view of parts of the assembly for clamping sub-assemblies shown in Figure 3 in alignment; Figure 7 is a perspective, exploded view of a second manifold for use in the assembly; and Figure 8 is a plan view of an alternative housing for the sub-assembly illustrated in Figure 3. Referring first to Figure l, the assembly 10 therein comprises a plurality of housings 12 for housing optical fibre connections. Each housing 12 is pivotally mounted to, and supported by, a respective rigid routeing member 14. The routeing members are rigidly connected one to another such that the housings are arranged in an aligned bank - in the illustrated example in a stack or tier rather than a row. Each housing is .pivotable for providing access thereto from its illustrated stowed position out of alignment with the other housings. The aligned bank of housings 12 are arranged adjacent a manifold 16 and in alignment with a housing 18 for housing at least one passive optical device. The assembly enables input and output optical tails of the or each passive optical device (for example, a splitter having a single input tail and four output tails) in housing 18 to be connected to respective optical fibres carrying signals to or away from the optical device and the connections housed in the housings 12 - one or more in each housing. Housing the connections separately from the optical device and locating them in a plurality of housings facilities both installation and maintenance. Referring to Figure 2, the tails of an optical device in housing 18 are routed, as shown in solid line, within that housing, through the manifold 16 to the routeing members 14. From each routeing member 14 (only one indicated in Figure 2) the tail or tails routed thereto are routed through a flexible conduit, indicated at 22, to the housing 12 pivoted to the routeing member and within that housing. In Figure 2, the housing 12 illustrated is shown in a position pivoted from its stowed position adjacent the manifold 16. The chain dotted line in Figure 2 indicates the route of an optical fibre through the routeing member 14, flexible conduit 22 and within the housing 12 for connection to an optical tail at location 24. The tails of the optical device and the optical fibres to be connected to them are guided within the assembly along predetermined paths such that the tails and fibres are not subjected to bending below a predetermined bend radius. The assembly may be supplied for installation , pre-fibred' , that is having at least one passive optical device housed in housing 18 with the optical fibre tails thereof routed to the housings 12, as described above, in readiness for connection to optical fibres which are routed to the housings via the routeing members and flexible conduits by the installer. In more detail, the assembly comprises (i) a plurality of sub-assemblies 26 illustrated in Figure 3, each comprising a housing 12 mounted to a routeing member 14 by a pivoting device 28 with a flexible conduit 22 extending between the housing 12 and routeing member 14 and (ii) a sub-assembly 30 illustrated in Figure 4 comprising the housing 18 and manifold 16. The sub-assemblies 26 are connected together in alignment in the manner illustrated in Figure 5 and clamped by the clamping arrangement illustrated in Figure 6, and the sub-assembly 30 is attached to the clamped together sub-assemblies 26 in alignment therewith. It will be understood that the assembly may comprise any suitable number of sub-assemblies 26 and therefore have a range of heights. However, as will be appreciated the assembly has an elongate configuration of substantially constant cross-section substantially throughout its length regardless of the number of sub-assemblies 26. It is also to be understood that with suitable modification to the manifold 16 the housing 18 may be located above housings 12 or amongst them, and also more than one housing 18 may be provided. In sub-assembly 26, the housing 12 comprises a tray 32 having a base 34, side wall 36 and an open top. The tray 32 may be provided with a lid, or closure which may be hinged to the side wall 36. Within the tray 32 are disposed fibre routeing means comprising a cylindrical mandrel 38 disposed at one end 40 of the tray, a guide member 42 having an arcuate side surface 44 disposed at the other end of the tray and an elongated S shaped guide groove 46 extending between the mandrel 38 and guide member 42. The tray also provides a holder 48 for the connection(s) to be housed therein. The illustrated tray holder 48 is adapted to hold two connections, one above the other. The base 34 of the tray is apertured at 50 to provide access to the fibres from beneath the tray as well as the top when the housing is pivoted from its stowed position allowing the use of an optically non-intrusive system for investigating the optical signal travelling to and from a connection. Preferably, also the tray is provided with a clamp arrangement for clamping the fibre tails and fibres within the tray to prevent them being pulled from the tray in the event of an external tensile force being applied to them. The clamp arrangement in the embodiment comprises an elastomeric gripper pad 52 which is adapted to be urged against the arcuate side surface 44 of the guide member 42 to clamp the optical fibre tails and optical fibres passing between the guide member 42 and the pad 52. Optical fibres and fibre tails entering the tray at an entry port 54 in the tray side wall 36 follow either the path indicated by the chain dotted line 56 or the double chain dotted line 58 towards the guide member 42 to which they are clamped with pad 52. Then the fibre tails are wound either anti-clockwise or clockwise around the guide member 42 and mandrel 38 to provide an amount of excess fibre within the tray. The ends of one counterclockwise wound fibre or tail and one clockwise wound tail or fibre are then interconnected, for example, by being spliced together in the region of the holder 48. A protective sleeve fitted over the fibre or tail prior to their connection is then slid over the connection and the connection positively located in the holder 48. It will be appreciated that the excess fibre and fibre tail housed within the tray enables subsequent re-making of the connection. Unused or spare fibres or fibre tails may also be stored within the casing for future use. These fibres/tails may be stored in windings about the mandrel 38 or the mandrel 38 and guide member 42. The routeing member 14 to which the housing 16 is pivotally mounted by pivoting device 28 is substantially elongate in configuration with respective through bores 60, 62 at each of its opposed ends to enable a plurality of like routeing members to be rigidly connected together by respective through ties 64, 66 indicated in Figures 5 and 6. The routeing member 14 includes a plurality of passages 70 for routeing fibres to the tray 32 via the flexible conduit 22 which extends from an outlet side 72 of the routeing member 14 to the inlet port 54 of the tray 32 and comprises a plurality of passages aligned with the passages 70 of the routeing member. The conduit 22 may comprise a single tube compartmentalised into a plurality of passages or advantageously a plurality of individual tubes, each defining a passage, either bundled together or joined together along their lengths. Although not illustrated, advantageously the flexible conduit 22 may extend into the tray and be split along at least part of its length within the tray into individual tubes providing protection for the fibres within those tubes. The pivoting device 28 is pivotally connected to the routeing member about a first axis 74 which as illustrated may be coaxial with the axis of bore 62. To this end the pivoting device 28 may have a bore 76 for pivotal mounting of the device on tie 66. The device 28 is pivoted to the tray about a second axis 78 which is parallel to axis 74. The pivotal connection about axis 78 comprises a cylindrical boss 80 provided on the device 28 which is received in a corresponding cylindrical recess (not shown) in the tray base 34 which extends into the mandrel 38. The device 28 is provided with a lever 82 by which the device can be pivoted about axis 74 and a web 84 which extends between the bore 76 and boss 80 to provide a support beneath the tray 32. The flexible conduit 22 is anchored to the outlet side 72 of the routeing member 14 and the inlet port 54 of the tray 32 and acts to control the pivoting movement of the tray when the lever 82 is rotated about axis 74 in the direction of arrow 86. As will be appreciated, the pivoting device 28 pivots about axis 74 with respect to the routeing member 14 and the tray 32 pivots about axis 78 with respect to the pivoting device. In this way, the tray 32 not only pivots about axis 74 but also moves away from the routeing member 14, whereby, substantially complete access to the tray is achieved on a rotation about axis 74 in the region of 90°. This feature allows like assemblies 10 to be located next to each other with closer spacing than would be the case if the tray were pivoted to the routeing member about a single axis necessitating rotation through approximately 180° to provide sufficient access to the tray. The web 84 of the device 28 supports the tray from beneath whilst the tray is in its stowed position and additionally during pivotal movement by the pivoting device and whilst the tray is in its fully pivoted position as shown in Figure 5. Thus in tray positions pivoted from the stowed position the web 84 acts as support platform for the tray avoiding the need to use separate fittings to support the tray when it is being worked upon. The conduit 22 allows the optical fibres/fibre tails therewithin to move during the above-mentioned pivotal movement in such a way that they are not bent below a predetermined bend radius. Also, when the tray is in its stowed position the conduit lies against a curved portion 85 of the tray side wall 36 which defines a minimum bend radius of the conduit and thus the optical fibres/fibre tails therewithin. Also, there is substantially no change in the length of the flexible conduit during pivotal movement of the tray which would cause movement of the fibres/fibre tails within the conduit. The pivoting device includes means (not shown) for selectively restricting the amount of pivotal movement of each tray out of alignment with the other trays. These means may comprise an abutment member moveable from a retracted position to an extended position on the web 84 for engagement within a slot in the base 34 of the tray 32. The abutment member, which may be actuated by means of a key is arranged to allow only limited pivoting of the tray when in its extended position in engagement with the slot. Such limited pivotal movement would provide access only to the connection holder 48 and the apertures 50. In this way, limited access is provided so that testing of the connections may be carried out without exposing the other contents of the tray to accidental damage or disturbance. Referring now to Figure 4, in sub-assembly 30 the housing 18 comprises a tray 88 having a base 90 and side wall 92. The tray is provided with a lid (not shown) which is secured to the top of the side wall, for example, by threaded fasteners in threaded bores 94 and 96. The plan view of the tray 88 is substantially the same as the plan view of a tray 32 and the routeing member 14 to which it is mounted when the tray 32 is in a stowed position against the routeing member. Within the tray 88, are disposed fibre routeing means comprising a cylindrical mandrel 98 and a linear guide 100 together with means for positively locating a passive optical device, or a plurality of such devices. In the embodiment these locating means comprise two parallel walls 102. The tray 88 may also be provided with clamping means for clamping the tails thereto to prevent them being pulled from the tray. The tray 88 is provided with a region 103 for receiving at least one insert for locating at least one passive optical device and associated optical fibre tails thereof. Such inserts may be configured to match the configuration of the housing of the passive optical device and accordingly a range of inserts for use with passive optical devices with different housing configurations may be provided. The manifold 16 comprises a plate 104 which provides or supports fibre tracks 106. These tracks 106 may comprise grooves in the surface of the plate 104 or tubes supported on that surface. The tracks 106 are configured to ensure that the optical fibre tails of the optical fibre devices located within tray 88 are routed over predetermined paths to the appropriate routing member 14 and are not subjected to bending below a predetermined bend radius. A cover plate 108 is provided for preventing access to the fibre tracks 106. The manifold 16 includes outlet ports 110 which are mechanically connected to respective routeing members 14 to ensure that the fibre tracks are aligned with passages 70 of the routeing members. As will be appreciated from the above, the fibre tails are routed along predetermined, paths within the tray 88 and then through the manifold fibre tracks 106 to the routeing members 14 It will be understood that the height of the manifold and the arrangement of fibre tracks 106 therewithin may vary depending upon the number of trays 32 required in the assembly. It will be appreciated that the manifold enables individual optical fibre tails to be routed to predetermined trays 32. In this way, advantageously each tray 32 may contain only input tails or only output tails, preferably with trays containing like tails being disposed adjacent each other. It will also be appreciated that the use of the manifold enables the routeing of the optical fibre tails to be physically separated from the routeing of the optical fibres to be connected to those tails thereby allowing routeing of the latter to the trays 32 without causing disturbance to the previously routed optical fibre tails in an assembly which is supplied "pre-fibred". A plurality of sub-assemblies 26 are clamped together between two end plates 112, 114 shown in Figure 6 using the ties 64, 66. As will be appreciated from the foregoing description, the ties 64 and 66 pass through the bores 60, 62 of the routeing members. In the illustrated embodiment the ties 64, 66 have threaded bores at each of their ends which are engaged by threaded fasteners 116 which pass through apertures 118 in the end plates. The sub- assembly 30 is then attached to the end plates 112, 114 by releasable fixings (not shown) such that the tray 88 is in alignment with the trays 32 and the ports 110 of the manifold are mechanically connected to the routeing members 14. This arrangement is particularly useful as it enables the sub-assembly 30 to be readily detached from the clamped together sub- assemblies 26 without disturbing the clamping arrangement and also facilitates pre-fibring of the assembly since the sub-assembly 30 may be pre-fibred before its attachment to the sub-assemblies 26. It will be appreciated that when supplied in a "pre-fibred" condition, the assembly greatly facilitates the connection of optical fibres to the optical fibre tails of passive optical devices in that the assembly organises the tails so that they are available for connection in respective trays 32, which trays are selectively accessible for making connections to optical fibres which are routed by the installer through the appropriate routeing member 14 and the flexible conduit 22 connected thereto. It will, however, also be appreciated that the assembly can be used to facilitate the interconnection of two fibres in a so-called point-to-point link. In this case the two fibres to be interconnected are routed via a routeing member 14 and the flexible conduit 22 connected thereto into a tray 32, wound respectively anti-clockwise and clockwise around the guide member 42 and mandrel 38 to provide excess fibre within the tray and connected end-to-end. The thus made connection is then positively located in the holder 48. A manifold 120 shown in Figure 7 may be used in conjunction with the rigid routeing members 14 when the assembly is to provide for point-to-point fibre connections. The manifold 120 is located in alignment with the manifold 16, and may replace that manifold 16, when only point-to-point connections are required. The manifold 120 comprises a plate 122 provided with grooves 124 for routeing the optical fibres from their cables to respective rigid routeing members 14. As illustrated, the grooves 124 comprise two inlet groove portions 126 and four outlet groove portions 128. As will be appreciated, the manifold 120 is suitable for use when two cables each comprising four optical fibres are to be connected end-to-end. In this case, the optical fibres of each cable are routed through a respective inlet groove portion 126 and then one fibre from each cable is routed through a respective outlet groove portion 128 to the routeing member 14 connected thereto. A cover plate 130 allows access to the grooves 124 to enable the optical fibres to be suitably routed therein, but once secured to the plate 122 prevents such access. A gripper 132 associated with each inlet groove portion 126 and insertable therein is provided to secure the end of a bend limiting conduit containing the optical fibres at a location within the inlet groove portion 126. It will be appreciated that point-to-point connections can be made without the use of a manifold such as manifold 120 and instead the optical fibres to- be connected may be routed directly into the routeing members 14. Thus, when only point-to-point connections are required, the sub-assembly 30 may be omitted from the assembly 10 which would then comprise only a plurality of sub-assemblies 26 with the rigid routeing members 14 thereof being rigidly connected one to another for example by the clamping arrangement shown in Figure 6. Also it will be appreciated that an optical fibre may be routed from one tray 32 to another tray 32 by using a routeing element such as a conduit, which may but need not be flexible, extending between respective passages 70 of routeing members associated with the trays and having a bend radius above a predetermined value. Referring now to Figure 8, parts of the housing 140 shown therein which are similar to the housing 12 shown in Figure 3 have been given like reference numerals, and will not be further described. The housing 140 comprises a tray 142 provided with a lid, or closure, 144. As illustrated the lid is hinged to the tray sidewall 36, and is shown in an open position allowing access to the whole of the interior of the tray. The lid 144 is provided with storage means shown as a cylindrical compartment 146 for storing unused fibre in a wound configuration. The compartment locates within space in the tray 142 between the mandrel 38 and guide member 42 when the lid is in a closed position, in which position the lid still allows access to the part of the tray in which the connection holder 48 and apertures 50 are located by virtue of the presence of a cut-out 148. As illustrated in Figure 8 two optical fibres or tails which are to be connected to two other fibres or tails after entering the tray 142 through inlet port 54 are guided along respective guide grooves 150 across apertures 50a to guide member 42 to which they are clamped using pad 52. Locators 152 to each side of the apertures 50a locate the fibres or tails over those apertures. These fibres or tails are then wound anti-clockwise around guide member 42 and mandrel 38 to provide an amount of excess fibre. The two other fibres or tails to which the above-mentioned fibres or tails are to be connected within tray 142 after entering tray 142 through inlet port 54 are guided around mandrel 38 and by guide groove 46 to guide member 42 to which they are also clamped using pad 52. They are then led to respective guide grooves 154 in which they are guided across apertures 50b to mandrel 38. Locators 156 to each side of apertures 50b locate the fibres or tails over those apertures. These fibres or tails are then wound clockwise around guide member 42 and mandrel 38 to provide an amount of excess fibre. The free end of each clockwise wound fibre/tail is connected to the free end of a respective anticlockwise fibre and the connection located in holder 48. Any optical fibre not required to be connected to another fibre or a tail after entering the tray at inlet port 54 is guided around mandrel 38 and by guide groove 46 to guide member 42 to which it is clamped using pad 52. Thereafter it follows the path indicated by arrow D into the storage compartment 146 where it is stored in a wound configuration having a bend radius above a predetermined value. In this way spare, unused fibre is stored separately from, and causes no disturbance to, any fibre which is connected to another fibre or tail within the tray. As will be understood, any such spare fibre may be subsequently used to make a connection within the tray. Also such a spare fibre may be routed, using a flexible conduit to another tray in the same or an adjacent assembly without disturbing the connections already made. The use of the lid is advantageous, not only because it provides extra fibre storage but also because it protects the contents of the tray from mechanical damage when the tray is moved out of alignment with the other trays and also because it provides shielding of light from the cut ends of any fibres stored within the tray. It is to be understood that whilst reference has been made to housing 18 in the illustrated assembly housing at least one passive optical device, the assembly could be modified so that the housing 18 housed one or more active optical devices such as an optical fibre amplifier. It will be appreciated that an important advantage of the assembly described herein is that further sub-assemblies 26 may be added to existing sub-assemblies in the assembly, in alignment therewith, to expand the capacity of the assembly and/or the sub-assemblies 26 already in the assembly may be re-arranged to suit requirements.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An assembly for use in connecting optical fibres, the assembly comprising a plurality of housings for housing optical fibre connections, each housing being pivotally mounted to, and supported by, a respective rigid routeing member having passage means for routeing fibres to that housing via a respective flexible conduit means extending between the routeing member and that housing, said routeing members being rigidly connected one to another such that said housings are arranged in an aligned bank when in stowed positions, each housing being pivotable for providing access thereto from its stowed position out of alignment with the other housings. 2. An assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein each housing is provided with a respective pivoting device providing the pivotal mounting of that housing, each pivoting device being connected for movement relative to the respective routeing member and the respective housing about first and second connections respectively, at least one of said connections being a pivotal connection. . 3. An assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first connections are pivotal about a common axis. 4. An assembly as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein each pivoting device includes a support means between said connections extending beneath the associated housing for supporting the housing. 5. An assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for selectively restricting the amount of movement of each housing out of alignment with the other housings in the bank thereof. 6. An assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each conduit means defines a plurality of passages aligned with respective passages of the passage means of the associated routeing member. 7. An assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein each flexible conduit means extends into the associated housing and is split along at least some of its length within that housing into separate tubes. 8. An assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, for use in connecting optical fibres to at least one optical device having input and output optical fibre tails, the assembly further comprising a further housing for housing said at least one optical device and a manifold device for guiding said optical fibre tails from said further housing to said passage means of said routeing members. 9. An assembly as claimed in claim 8, having said at least one optical device housed in said further housing with the optical fibre tails thereof routed to said housings via said manifold device, said routeing members and said flexible conduit means for connection in said housings to optical fibres when said optical fibres are routed to said housings via said routeing members and flexible conduit means. 10. An assembly as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein said further housing is aligned with said bank of housings such that said assembly has an elongate configuration of substantially constant cross-section substantially throughout its length. 11. An assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of said housings for housing optical fibre connections comprises a closure provided with storage means for storing fibre in a wound configuration.

Inventors: BENTON SIMON CHARLES TRISTAN, GRAVESTON MARK GEORGE, HALE PETER GEORGE, JENKINS PETER DAVID, KANDASAMY ISPRAN SHARMA, LLEWELLYN LAURENCE, BENTON, SIMON, CHARLES, TRISTAN, GRAVESTON, MARK, GEORGE, HALE, PETER, GEORGE, JENKINS, PETER, DAVID, KANDASAMY, ISPRAN, SHARMA, LLEWELLYN, LAURENCE
Applicants: BENTON SIMON CHARLES TRISTAN, BRITISH TELECOMM, GRAVESTON MARK GEORGE, HALE PETER GEORGE, JENKINS PETER DAVID, KANDASAMY ISPRAN SHARMA, LLEWELLYN LAURENCE, PIRELLI GENERAL PLC, BENTON, SIMON, CHARLES, TRISTAN, BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLC, GRAVESTON, MARK, GEORGE, HALE, PETER, GEORGE, JENKINS, PETER, DAVID, KANDASAMY, ISPRAN, SHARMA, LLEWELLYN, LAURENCE
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G02B6
IPC codes: G02B6