Cleaner sump enhancement

Abstract: A cleaning system for increasing the packing density of a cleaner sump (30) that uses magnetic toner (70), by filling unused sump space. A cleaning blade (20) cleans magnetic toner from a surface (11) and the cleaned off toner is stored in the sump. The cleaning system uses a magnetic force to attract the magnetic waste toner to the sump area not filled by gravity assistance alone. The magnetic force is created by a magnet (40). The magnet can be either internal to the sump or external thereto.

Description: This invention relates generally to an apparatus for cleaning magnetic material, and more particularly, concerns increasing the capacity of the cleaner sump. One of the constraints on the life of a Customer Replaceable Unit (CRU) is the capacity of the cleaner sump. This constraint is especially true for small copiers or printers which must avoid toner transportation devices that limit the sump capacity to that of the volume that can be reached by gravity assisted flow alone. Once all the gravity assisted flow assessable volume is filled, the pressure on the cleaning blade and on the sealing Mylar trade mark of E.I. DuPont flap (i.e. the flap prevents waste toner from leaking from the sump) starts building up resulting in a cleaner failure. The cleaner failure is either a toner spill through a lower seal or failure to clean adequately. The CRU life can be extended by utilizing more of the available sump capacity that is not filled by gravity assisted flow alone, to prolong the cleaner failures occurring due to pressure on the cleaning blade and flap. The following disclosures may be relevant to various aspects of the present invention and may be briefly summarized as follows: US-A-4,547,063 to Stange discloses a moving magnet cleaner for scraping excess toner off of a photoreceptor surface. The moving magnet cleaner provides carrier bristles for brushing the photoreceptor surface. The sweeping of the moving magnet cleaner past the photoreceptor provides a self-leveling of the carrier bristles to the size of the distance between the cleaner roll and the photoreceptor surface. A toner roll rotates in proximity to the cleaner roll to transfer toner from the carrier particles to the toner roll and also provides self-leveling of the carrier bristles. The carrier for the magnet cleaner is continually replaced with carrier from a sump and the moving magnet cleaner exhibits a large cleaning zone allowing for gentle removal of the toner from the photoreceptor. US-A-4,671,207 to Hilbert discloses a magnetic brush development apparatus for applying developer material to a latent image on a photoconductor which includes a housing having a sump which receives a supply of developer material. A magnetic brush spaced from the sump applies the material to the latent image of a photoconductor as a photoconductor is moved past a magnetic brush. A feed mechanism delivers developer material from the sump through a slot to the magnetic brush. The feed mechanism includes a rotatable shell and a plurality of magnets that are located within the shell and attract developer material to a portion of the shell. The shell has a deeply fluted outer surface that holds the developer material attracted to the shell as it is delivered from the sump to the slot. US-A-5,080,038 to Rubin discloses a development apparatus for developing latent images on an image-bearing surface which includes a magnetic core generating a first magnetic field, a non-magnetic shell, surrounding and spaced from the magnetic core, and a transport assist magnet mounted at a desired spot between the non-magnetic shell and the magnetic core. The transport assist magnet generates a second magnetic field at and about the desired spot thereby creating a magnetic field strength gradient thereabout for assisting the magnetic transportation of magnetic developer material over the surface of the non-magnetic shell. US-A-5,111,247 to Nichols discloses a toner concentration sensing system for controlling the dispensing of toner into a developer sump. A toner concentration sensor is located in the bottom of the mixing area of the developer sump adjacent one of the mixing augers. A magnet is positioned on the rotating mixing auger for rotating with the auger past the toner concentration sensor. As the auger rotates, the magnet with developer material adhering thereto, sweeps the top of the toner sensor to improve the accuracy of the toner concentration readings. JP-A-3/158886 discloses a cleaning device comprising a blade and a storage container, the blade removing toner from a photosensitive surface so that it is deposited in the storage container. The blade is located at an open end of the container, the toner being removed from the open end using a magnet which draws the toner towards a portion of the container which is remote from the open end. The magnet comprises a shaped sheet which lines the inner surface of the storage container. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for cleaning magnetic material from a surface in which the storage capacity of the cleaned off material is increased. According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for cleaning magnetic material from a surface comprising: a housing defining a chamber for storing magnetic material removed from the surface; a cleaning member disposed at least partially in the chamber of said housing for removing the magnetic material from the surface, said cleaning member comprising a blade in contact with the surface; and magnet means located remotely from said cleaning member and positioned to attract and move the magnetic material for packing the magnetic material into portions of the chamber additional to those portions of the chamber filled by gravity assisted filling; characterised in that the magnet means comprises a rotatable magnet located outside said chamber adjacent thereto. Pursuant to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an operator replaceable unit adapted to be used in a printing machine and including a cleaning apparatus in accordance with the preceding paragraph. Other features of the present invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds and upon reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an elevational view of the cleaner sump with a stationary magnet contained therein; Figure 2 is an elevational view of the cleaner sump with two stationary magnets contained therein; Figure 3 is an elevational view of an alternative cleaner sump configuration without a magnet; Figure 4 is an elevational view of a horizontal transport cleaner sump with an external rotating magnet; and Figure 5 is an elevational view of a horizontal transport cleaner sump with an internal stationary magnet and an external rotating magnet. Reference is now made to the drawings where the showings are for the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention and not for limiting same. Referring now to Figure 1, which is an elevational diagram of the cleaner sump 30 adjacent to the photoreceptor drum 10, a cleaning blade 20 contacts the imaging surface 11 of the photoreceptor drum 10. Behind the cleaning blade 20 is a waste toner sump 30. A system that relies only upon gravity assisted fill for the sump (i.e. no magnet), would not fill in the upper most portion of the cleaner sump 30 thus, causing inefficient use of the cleaner sump 30 and a shorter CRU life. This inefficient use of the sump 30 can be shown by the following example. The maximum volume, V, (i.e. V = depth X width X height) of a sump that is about 5.08cm deep, about 22.86cm wide (i.e. width across photoreceptor), and about 6.35cm high (as shown in Figure 1) is about 737 cm 3 . The maximum amount of toner that can then be packed in a sump with this volume is the product of the volume, V, and the packing density, P, (where P=0.3 g/cm 3 ), i.e. about 221 grams. Gravity assisted fill alone provides about a 60% sump fill. Since the amount of toner that can be packed into the sump 30 is about 221 grams, the 60% sump fill achieved by gravity is about 132 grams. The residual mass left on the photoreceptor drum 10 after transfer is about 0.015g/copy. Thus, 132 grams of residual mass would equal about an 8.8 kc [(i.e. (132g)/(.015g/copy); (1 kc = 1000 copies)]. If an Average Monthly Copy Volume (AMCV) is 1.5 kc for a copier, the CRU life would be about 5.9 months [(i.e. 8.8 kc/(1.5 kc/month)] for a "short edge feed". A "short edge feed" is when 216mm X 356mm paper is fed into the copier by its 216mm edge where the typical process width is 229mm to avoid edge effects. A "long edge feed" is where the paper is fed in by its 356mm edge. Assuming a "long edge feed" and the width of the sump 30 is 381mm, the sump width and volume is increased by a factor of 15/9, thus, the CRU life for "long edge feed" is 9.8 months (i.e. 5.9 months X 15/9). With continued reference to Figure 1, this Figure shows how the sump capacity can be increased when the system utilizes magnetic toner and magnet 40. The filling of the sump 30 is extended by placing the magnet 40 at a fixed position in the sump 30, in an area removed from the cleaning blade 20. The magnet 40 extends lengthwise from the inboard to outboard of the sump or cavity 30. The magnet 40 attracts toner, by magnetic force, up or further away from the cleaner blade 20 permitting more effective utilization of the sump space not utilized by gravity assisted filling alone. A magnet 40 placed along a side of the waste toner sump 30, attracts the waste toner by magnetic force from the parts of the sump 30 being filled by gravity assisted flow. To maximize the mass held by the magnet 40, the magnet 40 is preferably mounted on the inside of the sump 30, for example, bonded to the wall of the sump housing (as shown in Figure 1) or inserted between tabs (not shown) made in the sump molding process. Laboratory testing with magnetic toner has shown that a 229mm stationary magnet 40 (e.g. plastic magnet extrusion) can hold approximately 28 grams of toner. A 381mm magnet rather than a 229mm magnet is used for a long edge feed. A 381mm magnet holds approximately 47 grams of toner (i.e. 28 g X 381mm/229mm = 47 g). Continuing with the above mentioned example, the addition of a 229mm magnet in the sump 30, increases the sump capacity from 132 grams to 160 grams (i.e., 132 grams + 28 grams). The residual mass left on the drum 10, after transfer, is about 0.015 g/copy. Thus, the 160 grams of toner in the sump represents about 10.7 kc. With an AMCV of about 1.5 kc for the copier, the CRU life would be approximately 7.1 months for the "short edge feed" paper and approximately 11.8 months for "long edge feed" paper. Thus, by adding a magnet 40 to move toner to the rear of the sump 30, the CRU life is increased by about 20% for both "short" and "long" edge feed over the CRU life of a sump without a means to move toner away from the cleaning blade. The magnetic attraction increases waste toner capacity permitting an additional 3000 copies to be made with the CRU unit. Reference is now made to Figure 2, that shows two stationary magnets 40, 42 in the cleaner toner sump 30. Two magnets 40, 42 (i.e. each about 229mm in length) would increase the sump capacity by 56 grams (i.e. 2 X 28 grams), thus increasing the sump capacity to 188 grams. The 188 grams of toner 70 in the sump 30 represents approximately 12.5 kc. The CRU life would be approximately 8.3 months for "short edge feed" and approximately 13.9 months for "long edge feed" which is an increase of about 41% over the CRU life of a sump without a means to move the toner to the rear of the sump. Reference is now made to Figure 3 which shows another configuration of a cleaner sump 80. This type of sump 80 is best suited for small photoreceptor drums because of the height of the sump. Since the photoreceptor drum is small, the cleaner height must be very low to permit placing other subsystems around the photoreceptor perimeter. Continuing with the above mentioned example, the maximum amount of toner that can be packed into the sump 80 configured above is the same as that of Figure 1, (i.e. 221 grams), because both Figure 1 and Figure 3 (V = 22.86cm X 12.7cm X 2.54cm = or 737 cm 3 ), coincidentally have equivalent volumes. Without the use of rotating magnets (or some other mechanical means), the sump 80 would be filled inefficiently to only about 40% (i.e. 190 grams) of its volume. This inefficiency occurs because without a magnet there would be no means to move the toner into the rear of the sump 80. Thus, the CRU life, without a magnet or any mechanical means to move toner to the rear of the sump, for a "short edge feed" is 3.9 months and 6.5 months for a "long edge feed". Reference is now made to Figure 4, which shows an embodiment of the present invention, using an external rotating magnet 60. In this embodiment, the magnet application can be readily extended to waste toner transporting devices matched to waste toner sumps of a specific shape. For example, externally moving magnets or rotating magnets 60 move toner 70 away from the cleaning blade 20. An advantage of an externally placed transport device is that it is not discarded with the cartridge. Figure 4 shows an application for horizontal transport. According to bench testing, the rotating magnet 60 exerts enough lateral force to move and pack the toner 70 away from the cleaning zone. The cleaning zone is where the blade cleaning edge contacts the photoreceptor. A laterally extended sump 80, as shown in Figure 4, is becoming especially desirable with the introduction of smaller diameter photoreceptors. As the magnet 60 rotates in the clockwise direction 61 it moves the magnetic toner 70 to the left and further back into the sump 80. The continuous movement of toner 70 in the sump 80, packs the toner 70 in the rear of the sump 80. With continuing reference to Figure 4, the rotating magnet 60 enables up to 70% (or about 155 grams) of the sump to be filled. The 155 grams of the toner in the sump 80 represents about 10.3 kc. The CRU life for "short edge feed" is approximately 6.9 months and for "long edge feed" is approximately 11.5 months increasing the CRU life, for both "short" and "long" edge paper feed by approximately 77% over the CRU life of a sump without a rotating magnet. Another embodiment to further increase storage capacity and to more effectively fill the sump 80 is shown in Figure 5. In addition to the rotating magnet 60, a 229mm stationary magnet 40 is placed in the sump 80. As previously mentioned, the 229mm long magnet can hold 28 grams of toner, thus, increasing the toner sump capacity in this configuration to about 83% or about 183 grams. The 183 grams of toner in the sump represents about 12.2 kc. The CRU life would be approximately 8.1 months for a "short edge feed" and approximately 13.6 months for a "long edge feed". The combination of a fixed and rotating magnet for the sump increases the CRU life for both "short" and "long" edge paper feed by approximately 110% over the CRU life without a magnet. The following Tables 1 and 2 summarize the experimental data on CRU life improvement for a sump volume of 737 cm 3 discussed above. Stationary magnet in a cleaner sump with a preferred geometry of 5.08cm x 6.35cm x 22.86cm (or 38.1cm in the case of long edge feed). No Magnets Single Stationary Magnet Two Stationary Magnets Short edge feed CRU life = 5.9 months. Short edge feed CRU life = 7.1 months. Short edge feed CRU life = 8.3 months. Long edge feed CRU life = 9.8 months. Long edge feed CRU life = 11.8 months. Long edge feed CRU life = 13.9 months. Rotating magnets with a preferred sump geometry of 2.54cm x 12.7cm x 22.86cm (or 38.1cm in the case of long edge feed). No Magnets Rotating Magnets Fixed and Rotating Magnets Short edge feed CRU life = 3.9 months. Short edge feed CRU life = 6.9 months. Short edge feed CRU life = 8.1 months. Long edge feed CRU life = 6.5 months. Long edge feed CRU life = 11.5 months. Long edge feed CRU life = 13.6 months. Most low volume and small size copiers or printers utilize magnetic toner for regular documents and now also as desktop MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) printers. (An MICR printer prints checks and other magnetically readable documents.) In the case of small printers where CRU or cartridge life is important, increasing waste toner sump capacity by use of the present invention is highly desirable. In recapitulation, it is evident that the cleaning apparatus of the present invention includes an external rotatable magnet, that moves toner away from the cleaning blade, permitting more effective utilization of the cleaner sump space and prolonging cleaning failures. The present invention proposes to do this by utilizing an externally mounted magnet or a combination of said externally mounted magnet and an inexpensive magnet placed internally in the cleaner sump. Experimental data has shown that stationary magnets increase the (conventional) sump capacity over a sump with no magnets by about 20% to about 42%. A rotating magnet increases sump storing capacity of a flat sump over a sump with no magnets by about 77%. And, a rotating magnet plus a fixed magnet increases the (flat) CRU life by almost 110%. A summary of the improvement to CRU life by the present invention appears in chart form in Table 2, above. With these above mentioned embodiments, there is little expense involved in increasing the capacity of the cleaner blade sump because the invention does not increase the cost of the cleaning apparatus, nor does it increase the size of the cleaner sump. Thus, the CRU life is improved through a reduced failure rate without a significant increase in the unit manufacturing cost (UMC).

Claims: An apparatus for cleaning magnetic material from a surface (11) comprising: a housing defining a chamber (80) for storing magnetic material (70) removed from the surface; a cleaning member (20) disposed at least partially in the chamber (80) of said housing for removing the magnetic material from the surface, said cleaning member (20) comprising a blade in contact with the surface; and magnet means (60) located remotely from said cleaning member (20) and positioned to attract and move the magnetic material for packing the magnetic material into portions of the chamber additional to those portions of the chamber filled by gravity assisted filling; characterised in that the magnet means (60) comprises a rotatable magnet (60) located outside said chamber (20) adjacent thereto. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the chamber (80) of said housing includes an indentation adapted to accommodate at least part of said magnet (60) during rotation thereof. An apparatus as recited in claim 1 or 2, further including a fixed magnet (40) which is mounted in an upper position of the chamber (80) of said housing. An operator replaceable cleaning unit adapted to be used in a printing machine and including a cleaning apparatus in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3.

Inventors: BARES JAN, LINDBLAD NERO R, BARES, JAN, LINDBLAD, NERO R.
Applicants: XEROX CORP, XEROX CORPORATION
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G03G21
IPC codes: G03G21