ALPHA-1,4-GLUCAN LYASE FROM A FUNGUS INFECTED ALGAE, ITS PURIFICATION, GENE CLONING AND EXPRESSION IN MICROORGANISMS

Abstract: A method of preparing alpha -1,4-glucan lyase enzymes is described. The method comprises isolating the enzymes from a fungally infected algae. The amino acid sequences of the enzymes have been determined. The nucleic acid sequences coding for the enzymes have also been determined.

Description: ALPHA-1.4-GLUCAN LYASE FROM A FUNGUS INFECTED ALGAE, ITS PURMCAΗON, GENE CLONING AND EXPRESSION IN MICROORGANISMS The present invention relates to an enzyme, in particular α-l,4-glucan lyase ("GL"). The present invention also relates to a method of extracting the same. The present invention also relates to nucleotide sequence(s) encoding for the same. FR-A-2617502 and Baute et al in Phytochemistry [1988] vol. 27 No.11 ρρ3401-3403 report on the production of 1,5-D-anhydrofructose ("AF") in Morchella vulgaris by an apparent enzymatic reaction. The yield of production of AF is quite low. Despite a reference to a possible enymatic reaction, neither of these two documents presents any amino acid sequence data for any enzyme, let alone any nucleotide sequence information. These documents say that AF can be a precursor for the preparation of the antibiotic pyrone microthecin. Yu et al in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta [1993] vol 1156 pp313-320 report on the preparation of GL from red seaweed and its use to degrade α-l,4-glucan to produce AF. The yield of production of AF is quite low. Despite a reference to the enzyme GL this document does not present any amino acid sequence data for that enzyme let alone any nucleotide sequence information coding for the same. This document also suggests that the source of GL is just algal. According to the present invention there is provided a method of preparing the enzyme α-l,4-glucan lyase comprising isolating the enzyme from a fungally infected algae. Preferably the enzyme is isolated and/or further purified using a gel that is not degraded by the enzyme. Preferably the gel is based on dextrin, preferably beta-cyclodextrin, or derivatives thereof, preferably a cyclodextrin, more preferably beta-cyclo-dextrin. According to the present invention there is also provided a GL enzyme prepared by the method of the present invention. Preferably the enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence SEQ. ID. No. 1. or SEQ. ID. No. 2, or any variant thereof. The term "any variant thereof means any substitution of, variation of, modification of, replacement of, deletion of or addition of at least one amino acid from or to the sequence providing the resultant enzyme has lyase activity. According to the present invention there is also provided a nucleotide sequence coding for the enzyme α-l-4-glucan lyase, preferably wherein the sequence is not in its natural enviroment (i.e. does not form part of the natural genome of a cellular organism expressing the enzyme). Preferably the nucleotide sequence is a DNA sequence. Preferably the DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is the same as, or is complementary to, or has substantial homology with, or contains any suitable codon substitution(s) for any of those of, SEQ. ID. No. 3 or SEQ. ID. No. 4. The expression "substantial homology" covers homology with respect to structure and/or nucleotide components and/or biological activity. The expression "contains any suitable codon substitutions" covers any codon replacement or substitution with another codon coding for the same amino acid or any addition or removal thereof providing the resultant enzyme has lyase activity. In other words, the present invention also covers a modified DNA sequence in which at least one nucleotide has been deleted, substituted or modified or in which at least one additional nucleotide has been inserted so as to encode a polypeptide having the activity of a glucan lyase, preferably an enzyme having an increased lyase activity. According to the present invention there is also provided a method of preparing the enzyme α-l,4-glucan lyase comprising expressing the nucleotide sequence of the present invention. According to the present invention there is also provided the use of beta-cyclodextrin to purify an enzyme, preferably GL. According to the present invention there is also provided a nucleotide sequence wherein the DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is the same as, or is complementary to, or has substantial homology with, or contains any suitable codon substitutions for any of those of, SEQ. ID. No. 3 or SEQ. ID. No. 4, preferably wherein the sequence is in isolated form. A key aspect of the present invention is the recognition that GL is derived from a fungally infected algae. This is the first time that the amino acid sequence of GL has been determined in addition to the determination of the nucleic acid sequences that code for GL. A key advantage of the present invention is therefore that GL can now be made in large quantities by for example recombinant DNA techniques and thus enable compounds such as the antibiotic microthecin to be made easily and in larger amounts. The enzyme should preferably be secreted to ease its purification. To do so the DNA encoding the mature enzyme is fused to a signal sequence, a promoter and a terminator from the chosen host. For expression in Aspergillus niger the gpdA (from the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Aspergillus nidulans) promoter and signal sequence is fused to the 5' end of the DNA encoding the mature lyase - such as SEQ I.D. No. 3 or SEQ. I.D. No.4. The terminator sequence from the A. niger trpC gene is placed 3' to the gene (Punt, P.J. et al (1991): J. Biotech. 17, 19-34). This construction is inserted into a vector containing a replication origin and selection origin for E. coli and a selection marker for A. niger. Examples of selection markers for A. niger are the amdS gene, the argB gene, the pyrG gene, the hygB gene, the BmlR gene which all have been used for selection of transformants. This plasmid can be transformed into A. niger and the mature lyase can be recovered from the culture medium of the transformants. The construction can be transformed into a protease deficient strain to reduce the proteolytic degradation of the lyase in the culture medium (Archer D.B. et al (1992): Biotechnol. Lett. 14, 357-362). Other advantages will become apparent in the light of the following description. The present invention therefore relates to the isolation of the enzyme α-l,4-glucan lyase from a fungus infected algae - preferably a fungus infected red algae such as the type that can be collected in China - such as Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. An example of a fungally infected algae has been deposited in accordance with the Budapest Treaty (see below). By using in situ hybridisation technique it was established that the enzyme GL was detected in the fungally infected red algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Further evidence that supports this observation was provided by the results of Southern hybridisation experiments. Thus GL enzyme activity can be obtained from fungally infected algae, rather than just from the algae as was originally thought. Of particular interest is the finding that there are two natural DNA sequences, each of which codes for an enzyme having GL characteristics. These DNA nucleic acid sequences have been sequenced and they are presented as SEQ. I.D. No. 3 and SEQ. I.D. No. 4 (which are discussed and presented later). An initial enzyme purification can be performed by the method as described by Yu et al (ibid). However, it is preferred that the initial enzyme purification includes the use of a solid support that does not decompose under the purification step. This gel support has the advantage that it is compatible with standard laboratory protein purification equipment. The details of this preferred purification process are given later on. The purification is terminated by known standard techniques for protein purification. The purity of the enzyme was established using complementary electroforetic techniques. The purified lyase was characterized according to pi, temperature- and pH-optima. In this regard, it was found that the enzyme has the following characteristics: an optimium substrate specificity and a pH optimum at 3.5-7.5 when amylopectin is used; a temperature optimum at 50°C and a pi of 3.9 As mentioned above, the enzymes according to the present invention have been determined (partially by amino-acid sequencing techniques) and their amino acid sequences are provided later. Likewise the nucleotide sequences coding for the enzymes according to the present invention (i.e. GL) have been sequenced and the DNA sequences are provided later. The following samples were deposited in accordance with the Budapest Treaty at the recognised depositary The National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Limited (NCIMB) at 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom, AB2 1RY on 20 June 1994: E.Coli containing plasmid pGLl (NCIMB 40652) - [ref. DH5alpha-pGLl]; and E. Coli containing plasmid pGL2 (NCIMB 40653) - [ref. DH5alpha-pGL2]. The following sample was accepted as a deposit in accordance with the Budapest Treaty at the recognised depositary The Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP) at Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory PO Box 3, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom, PA34 4AD on 11 October 1994: Fungally infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (CCAP 1373/1) - [ref. GLQ-1 (Qingdao)]. Thus highly preferred embodiments of the present invention include a GL enzyme obtainable from the expression of the GL coding sequences present in plasmids that are the subject of either deposit NCIMB 40652 or deposit NCIMB 40653; and a GL enzyme obtainable from the fungally infected algae that is the subject of deposit CCAP 1373/1. The present invention will now be described only by way of example. In the following Examples reference is made to the accompanying figures in which: Figure 1 shows stained fungally infected algae; Figure 2 shows stained fungally infected algae; Figure 3 shows sections of fungal hypha; Figure 4 shows sections of fungally infected algae; Figure 5 shows a section of fungally infected algae; Figure 6 shows a plasmid map of pGLl ; Figure 7 shows a plasmid map of pGL2; Figure 8 shows the amino acid sequence represented as SEQ. I.D. No.3 showing positions of the peptide fragments that were sequenced; . Figure 9 shows the alignment of SEQ. I.D. No. 1 with SEQ. I.D. No.2; Figure 10 is a microphotograph. In more detail, Figure 1 shows Calcoflour White stainings revealing fungi in upper part and lower part of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (108x and 294x). Figure 2 shows PAS/Anilinblue Black staining of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis with fungi. The fungi have a significant higher content of carbohydrates. Figure 3 shows a micrograph showing longitudinal and grazing sections of two thin- walled fungal hypha (f) growing between thick walls (w) of algal cells. Note thylacoid membranes in the algal chloroplast (arrows). Figure 4 shows the antisense detections with clone 2 probe (upper row) appear to be restricted to the fungi illustrated by Calcoflour White staining of the succeeding section (lower row) (46x and 108x). Figure 5 shows intense antisense detections with clone 2 probe are found over the fungi in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (294x). Figure 6 shows a map of plasmid pGLl - which is a pBluescript II KS containing a 3.8 kb fragment isolated from a genomic library constructed from fungal infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The fragment contains a gene coding for alpha- 1,4- glucan lyase. Figure 7 shows a map of plasmid pGL2 - which is a pBluescript II SK containing a 3.6 kb fragment isolated from a genomic library constructed from fungal infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The fragment contains a gene coding for alpha- 1,4- glucan lyase. Figure 9 shows the alignment of SEQ. I.D. No. 1 (GLl) with SEQ. I.D. No.2 (GL2). The total number of residues for GLl is 1088; and the total number of residues for GL2 is 1091. In making the comparison, a structure-genetic matrix was used (Open gap cost: 10; Unit gap cost: 2). In Figure 9 the character to show that two aligned residues are identical is ':'; and the character to show that two aligned residues are similar is '.'. Amino acids said to be 'similar' are: A,S,T; D,E; N,Q; R,K; I,L,M,V; F,Y,W. Overall there is an identity of 845 amino acids (i.e. 77.67%); a similarity of 60 amino acids (5.51 %). The number of gaps inserted in GLl are 3 and the number of gaps inserted in GL2 are 2. Figure 10 is a microphotograph of a fungal hypha (f) growing between the algal walls (w). Note grains of floridean starch (s) and thylakoids (arrows) in the algal cell. The following sequence information was used to generate primers for the PCR reactions mentioned below and to check the amino acid sequence generated by the respective nucleotide sequences. Amino acid sequence assembled from peptides from fungus infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Tyr Arg Trp Gin Glu Val Leu Tyr Thr Ala Met Tyr Gin Asn Ala Ala Phe Gly Lys Pro lie He Lys Ala Ala Ser Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Tip Glu Asn Ser Thr Glu Arg Glu Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Gin Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly Pro Asp Phe Asp Thr Lys Pro Leu Glu Gly Ala The Amino acid sequence (27-34) used to generate primer A and B (Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn Val) Primer A ATG TA(TC) AA(CT) AA(CT) GA(CT) TC(GATC) AA(CT) GT 128 mix Primer B ATG TA(TC) AA(CT) AA(CT) GA(CT) AG(CT) AA(CT) GT 64 mix The Amino acid sequence (45-50) used to generate primer C (Gly Gly His Asp Gly Tyr) Primer C TA (GATC)CC (GA)TC (GA)TG (GATC)CC (GATC)CC 256 mix [The sequence corresponds to the complementary strand.] The Amino acid sequence (74-79) used to generate primer E (Gin Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly) Primer E GG(GATC) CC(GA) AA(CT) TT(GA) TAC CA(CT) TG 64 mix [The sequence corresponds to the complementary strand.] The Amino acid sequence (1-6) used to generate primer FI and F2 (Tyr Arg Trp Gin Glu Val) Primer FI TA(TC) CG(GATC) TGG CA(GA) GA(GA) GT 32 mix Primer F2 TA(TC) AG(GA) TGG CA(GA) GA(GA) GT 16 mix The sequence obtained from the first PCR amplification (clone 1) ATGTACAACA ACGACTCGAA CGTTCGCAGG GCGCAGAACG ATCATTTCCT TCTTGGCGGC CACGACGGTT A Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly The sequence obtained from the second PCR amplification (clone 1) ATGTACAACA ACGACTCGAA CGTTCGCAGG GCGCAGAACG ATCATTTCCT TCTTGGTGGA CATGATGGAT ATCGCATTCT GTGCGCGCCT GTTGTGTGGG AGAATTCGAC CGAACGNGAA TTGTACTTGC CCGTGCTGAC CCAATGGTAC AAATTCGGCC C Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Trp Glu Asn Ser Thr Glu Arg Glu Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Gin Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly Pro The sequence obtained from the third PCR amplification (clone2) TACAGGTGGC AGGAGGTGTT GTACACTGCT ATGTACCAGA ATGCGGCTTT CGGGAAACCG ATTATCAAGG CAGCTTCCAT GTACGACAAC GACAGAAACGTTCGCGGCGC ACAGGATGAC CACTTCCTTC TCGGCGGACA CGATGGATAT CGTATTTTGT GTGCACCTGT TGTGTGGGAG AATACAACCA GTCGCGATCT GTACTTGCCT GTGCTGACCA GTGGTACAAA TTCGGCCC Tyr Arg Trp Gin Glu Val Leu Tyr Thr Ala Met Tyr Gin Asn Ala Ala Phe Gly Lys Pro He He Lys Ala Ala Ser Met Tyr Asp Asn Asp Arg Asn Val Arg Gly Ala Gin Asp Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Trp Glu Asn Thr Thr Ser Arg Asp Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Lys Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly 1. CYTO LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GRACILARIOPSIS LEMANEIFORMIS 1.1.1 Detection of fungal infection in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Sections of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis collected in China were either hand cut or cut from paraffin embedded material. Sectioned material was carefuUy investigated by light microscopy. Fungal hyphae were clearly detected in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. The thalli of the Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis are composed of cells appearing in a highly ordered and almost symmetric manner. The tubular thallus of G. lemaneiformis is composed of large, colourless central ceUs surrounded by elongated, slender, ellyptical cells and small, round, red pigmented peripherial ceUs. All algal cell types are characterized by thick cell walls. Most of the fungal hyphae are found at the interphase between the central layer of large cells and the peripherial layer. These cells can clearly be distinguished from the algae cells as they are long and cyHndrical. The growth of the hyphae is observed as irregularities between the highly ordered algae cells. The most frequent orientation of the hypha is along the main axis of the algal thaUus. Side branches toward the central and periphery are detected in some cases. The hypha can not be confused with the endo/epiphytic 2nd generation of the algae. Calcofluor White is known to stain chitin and cellulose containing tissue. The reaction with chitin requires four covalently linked terminal n-acetyl glucosamine residues. It is generally accepted that ceUulose is almost restricted to higher plants although it might occur in trace amounts in some algae. It is further known that chitin is absent in Gracilaria. Calcofluor White was found to stain domains corresponding to fungi hyfa cell walls in sectioned Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis material. The hypha appear clear white against a faint blue background of Gracilaria tissue when observed under u.v. light - see Figure 1. Chitin is the major cell wall component in most fungi but absent in Gracilaria. Based upon these observations we conclude that the investigated algae is infected by a fungi. 40% of the lower parts of the investigated Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis sections were found to be infected with fungal hyphae. In the algae tips 25% of the investigated Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis sections were found to be infected. Staining of sectioned Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis with Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Aniline blue black revealed a significantly higher content of carbohydrates within the fungal cells as compared with the algae cells - see Figure 2. Safranin O and Malachit Green showed the same colour reaction of fungi cells as found in higher plants infected with fungi. An Acridin Orange reaction with sectioned Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis showed clearly the irregularly growth of the fungus. 1.1.2 Electron Microscopy Slides with 15 μm thick sections, where the fungus was detected with Calcofluor White were fixed in 2% OsO 4 , washed in water and dehydrated in dimethoxypropane and absolute alcohol. A drop of a 1: 1 mixture of acetone and Spun * resin was placed over each section on the glass slide, and after one hour replaced by a drop of pure resin. A gelatin embedding capsule filled with resin was placed face down over the section and left over night at 4°C. After the polymerization at 55°C for 8 hrs, the thick sections adhering to the resin blocks could can be separated from the slide by immersion in liquid nitrogen. Blocks were trimmed and 100 nm thick sections were cut using a diamond knife on a microtome. The sections were stained in aqueous uranyl acetate and in lead citrate. The sections were examined in an electron microscope at 80 kV. The investigation confirmed the ligth microscopical observations and provided further evidence that the lyase producing, Chinese strain of G. lamneiformis is infected by a fungal parasite or symbiont. Fungal hyphae are build of tubular cells 50 to 100 μm long and only few microns in diameter. The cells are serially arranged with septate walls between the adjacent ceUs. Ocasional branches are also seen. The hyphae grow between the thick cell walls of algal thaUus without penetrating the wall or damaging the cell. Such a symbiotic association, caUed mycophycobiosis, is known to occur between some filamentous marine fungi and large marine algae (Donk and Bruning, 1992 - Ecology of aquatic fungi in and on algae. In Reisser, W.(ed.): Algae and Symbioses: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Viruses, Interactions Explored. Biopress Ltd., Bristol.) Examining the microphotograph in Figure 10, several differences between algal and fungal cells can be noticed. In contrast to several μm thick walls of the alga, the fungal walls are only 100-200 nm thick. Plant typical organells as chloroplasts with thyUacoid membranes as well as floridean starch grains can be seen in algal cells, but not in the fungus. InterceUular connections of red algae are characterized by specific structures termed pit plugs, or pit connections The structures are prominent, electron dense cores and they are important features in algal taxonomy (Pueschel, CM.: An expanded survey of the ultrastructure of Red algal pit plugs. J. Phycol. 25, 625, (1989)). In our material, such connections were frequently observed in the algal thaUus, but never between the cells of the fungus. 1.2 In situ Hybridization experiments In situ hybridization technique is based upon the principle of hybridization of an antisense ribonucotide sequence to the mRNA. The technique is used to visualize areas in microscopic sections where said mRNA is present. In this particular case the technique is used to locaUze the enzyme α-l,4-glucan lyase in sections of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 1.2.1 Preparation of 35 S labelled probes for In situ hybridization A 238 bp PCR fragment from a third PCR amplification - called clone 2 (see above) - was cloned into the pGEM-3Zf(+) Vector (Promega). The transcription of the antisense RNA was driven by the SP6 promotor, and the sense RNA by the T7 promotor. The Ribonuclease protection assay kit (Ambion) was used with the following modifications. The transcripts were run on a 6% sequencing gel to remove the unincorporated nucleotide and eluted with the elution buffer supplied with the T7RNA polymerase in vitro Transcription Kit (Ambion). The antisense transcript contained 23 non-coding nucleotides while the sense contained 39. For hybridization IO 7 cpm/ml of the 35 S labeUed probe was used. In situ hybridisation was performed essentially as described by Langedale et.al.(1988). The hybridization temperature was found to be optimal at 45°C. After washing at 45°C the sections were covered with KodaK K-5 photographic emulsion and left for 3 days at 5°C in dark (Ref: Langedale, J.A., Rothermel, B.A. and Nelson, T. (1988). Genes and development 2: 106-115. Cold Spring Harbour Labora- tory). The in situ hybridization experiments with riboprobes against the mRNA of α-1,4- glucan lyase, show strong hybridizations over and around the hypha of the fungus detected in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis - see Figures 4 and 5. This is considered a strong indication that the α-l,4-glucan lyase is produced. A weak random background reactions were detected in the algae tissue of both Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. This reaction was observed both with the sense and the antisense probes. Intense staining over the fungi hypha was only obtained with antisense probes. These results were obtained with standard hybridisation conditions at 45°C in hybridization and washing steps. At 50°C no staining over the fungi was observed, whereas the background staining remained the same. Raising the temperature to 55°C reduced the background staining with both sense and antisense probes significantly and equally. Based upon the cytological investigations using complementary staining procedures it is concluded that Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is fungus infected. The infections are most pronounced in the lower parts of the algal tissue. In sectioned Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis material in situ hybridization results clearly indicate that hybridization is restricted to areas where fungal infections are found - see Figure 4. The results indicate that α-l,4-glucan lyase mRNA appears to be restricted to fungus infected areas in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Based upon these observations we conclude that α-l,4-glucan lyase activity is detected in fungally infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 2. ENZYME PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION Purification of α-l,4-glucan lyase from fungal infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis material was performed as follows. 2.1 Materials and Methods The algae were harvested by filtration and washed with 0.9% NaCl. The cells were broken by homogenization followed by sonication on ice for 6x3 min in 50 mM citrate-NaOH pH 6.2 (Buffer A). Cell debris were removed by centrifugation at 25,000xg for 40 min. The supernatant obtained at this procedure was regarded as cell-free extract and was used for activity staining and Western blotting after separation on 8-25% gradient gels. 2.2 Separation by β-cyclodextrin Sepharose gel The cell-free extract was applied directly to a 3-cyclodextrin Sepharose gel 4B clolumn ( 2.6 x 18 cm) pre equilibrated with Buffer A. The column was washed with 3 volumes of Buffer A and 2 volumes of Buffer A containing 1 M NaCl. α-1,4- glucan lyase was eluted with 2 % dextrins in Buffer A. Active fractions were pooled and the buffer changed to 20 mM Bis-tris propane-HCl (pH 7.0, Buffer B). Active fractions were applied onto a Mono Q HR 5/5 column pre-equUibrated with Buffer B. The fungal lyase was eluted with Buffer B in a linear gradient of 0.3 M NaCl. The lyase preparation obtained after jS-cyclodextrin Sepharose chromatography was alternatively concentrated to 150 μl and appUed on a Superose 12 column operated under FPLC conditions. 2.3 Assay for α-l,4-glucan lyase activity and conditions for determination of substrate specificity, pH and temperature optimum The reaction mixture for the assay of the α-1 ,4-glucan lyase activity contained 10 mg ml "1 amylopectin and 25 mM Mes-NaOH (pH 6.0). The reaction was carried out at 30°C for 30 min and stopped by the addition of 3,5-dinitrosaUcyUc acid reagent. Optical density at 550nm was measured after standing at room temperature for 10 min. 3. AMINO ACID SEQUENCING OF THE «-l-4-GLUCAN LYASE FROM FUNGUS INFECTED GRACILARIOPSIS LEMANEIFORMIS 3.1 Amino acid sequencing of the lyases The lyases were digested with either endoproteinase Arg-C from Clostridium histolyticum or endoproteinase Lys-C from Lysobacter enzymogenes, both sequencing grade purchased from Boehringer Mannheim, Germany. For digestion with endoproteinase Arg-C, freeze dried lyase (0.1 mg) was dissolved in 50 μl 10 M urea, 50 mM methylamine, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.6. After overlay with N 2 and addition of 10 μl of 50 mM DTT and 5 mM EDTA the protein was denatured and reduced for 10 min at 50°C under N 2 . Subsequently, 1 μg of endoproteinase Arg-C in 10 μl of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 was added, N 2 was overlayed and the digestion was carried out for 6h at 37°C. For subsequent cysteine derivatization, 12.5 μl 100 mM iodoaceta- mide was added and the solution was incubated for 15 min at RT in the dark under N 2 . For digestion with endoproteinase Lys-C, freeze dried lyase (0.1 mg) was dissolved in 50 μl of 8 M urea, 0.4 M NH t HCOj, pH 8.4. After overlay with N 2 and addition of 5 μl of 45 mM DTT, the protein was denatured and reduced for 15 min at 50^ under N 2 . After cooUng to RT, 5 μl of 100 mM iodoacetamide was added for the cysteines to be derivatized for 15 min at RT in the dark under N 2 . Subsequently, 90 μl of water and 5 μg of endoproteinase Lys-C in 50 μl of 50 mM tricine and 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, was added and the digestion was carried out for 24h at 37°C under N 2 . The resulting peptides were separated by reversed phase HPLC on a VYDAC C18 column (0.46 x 15 cm; 10 μm; The Separations Group; CaUfornia) using solvent A: 0.1 % TFA in water and solvent B: 0.1 % TFA in acetonitrile. Selected peptides were rechromatographed on a Develosil C18 column (0.46 x 10 cm; 3 μm; Dr. Ole Schou, Novo Nordisk, Denmark) using the same solvent system prior to sequencing on an Applied Biosystems 476A sequencer using pulsed-liquid fast cycles. The amino acid sequence information from the enzyme derived from fungus infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is shown below, in particular SEQ. ID. No. 1. and SEQ. ID. No. 2. SEO. I.D. No. 1 has: Number of residues : 1088. Amino acid composition (including the signal sequence) 61 Ala 15 Cys 19 His 34 Met 78 Thr 51 Arg 42 Gin 43 He 53 Phe 24 Trp 88 Asn 53 Glu 63 Leu 51 Pro 58 Tyr 79 Asp 100 Gly 37 Lys 62 Ser 77 Val SEO. I.D. No. 2 has: Number of residues : 1091. Amino acid composition (including the signal sequence) 58 Ala 16 Cys 14 His 34 Met 68 Thr 57 Arg 40 Gin 44 He 56 Phe 23 Trp 84 Asn 47 Glu 69 Leu 51 Pro 61 Tyr 81 Asp 102 Gly 50 Lys 60 Ser 76 Val 3.2 N-TERMINAL ANALYSIS Studies showed that the N-terminal sequence of native glucan lyase 1 was blocked. Deblocking was achieved by treating glucan lyase 1 blotted onto a PVDF membrane with anhydrous TFA for 30 min at 40°C essentially as described by LeGendre et al. (1993) [Purification of proteins and peptides by SDS-PAGE; In: Matsudaira, P. (ed.) A practical guide to protein and peptide purification for microsequencing, 2nd edition; Academic Press Inc., San Diego; pp. 74-101.]. The sequence obtained was TALSDKQTA, which matches the sequence (sequence position from 51 to 59 of SEQ. I.D. No. l) derived from the clone for glucan lyase 1 and indicates N- acetylthreonine as N-terminal residue of glucan lyase 1. Sequence position 1 to 50 of SEQ. I.D. No. 1 represents a signal sequence. 4. DNA SEQUENCING OF GENES CODING FOR THE or-1.4-GLUCAN LYASE FROM FUNGUS INFECTED GRACILARIOPSIS LEMANEIFORMIS 4.1 METHODS FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DNA was isolated as described by Saunders (1993) with the following modification: The polysaccharides were removed from the DNA by ELUTIP-d (Schleicher & SchueU) purification instead of gel purification. (Ref: Saunders, G.W. (1993). Gel purification of red algal genomic DNA: An inexpensive and rapid method for the isolation of PCR-friendly DNA . Journal of phycology 29(2) : 251 -254 and Schleicher & Schuell: ELUT P-d. Rapid Method for Purification and Concentration of DNA.) 4.2 PCR The preparation of the relevant DNA molecule was done by use of the Gene Amp DNA AmpUfication Kit (Perkin Elmer Cetus, USA) and in accordance with the manufactures instructions except that the Taq polymerase was added later (see PCR cycles) and the temperature cycling was changed to the following: PCR cycles : no of cycles C time (min. ) 1 98 5 60 5 addition of Tag polymerase and oil 35 94 1 47 2 72 3 1 72 20 4.3 CLONING OF PCR FRAGMENTS PCR fragments were cloned into pT7Blue (from Novagen) following the instructions of the supplier. 4.4 DNA SEQUENCING Double stranded DNA was sequenced essentially according to the dideoxy method of Sanger et al. (1979) using the Auto Read Sequencing Kit (Pharmacia) and the Pharmacia LK-B A.L.F.DNA sequencer. (Ref: Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulson, A.R.(1979). DNA sequencing with chain-determinating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5463-5467.). The sequences are shown as SEQ. I.D.No.s 3 and 4, wherein SEO. I.D. No. 3 has: Total number of bases is: 3267. DNA sequence composition: 850 A; 761 C; 871 G; 785 T SEO. I.D. No. 4 has: Total number of bases is: 3276. DNA sequence composition: 889 A; 702 C; 856 G; 829 T 4.5 SCREENING OF THE LIBRARY Screening of the Lambda Zap library obtained from Stratagene, was performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions except that the prehybridization and hybridization was performed in 2xSSC, 0.1 % SDS, lOxDenhardt's and lOOμg/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA. To the hybridization solution a 32P-labeled denatured probe was added. Hybridization was performed over night at 55°C. The filters were washed twice in 2xSSC, 0.1 % SDS and twice in lxSSC, 0.1 % SDS. 4.6 PROBE The cloned PCR fragments were isolated from the pT7 blue vector by digestion with appropriate restriction enzymes. The fragments were seperated from the vector by agarose gel electrophoresis and the fragments were purified from the agarose by Agarase (Boehringer Mannheim). As the fragments were only 90-240 bp long the isolated fragments were exposed to a ligation reaction before labeUing with 32P-dCTP using either Prime-It random primer kit (Stratagene) or Ready to Go DNA labeUing kit (Pharmacia). 4.7 RESULTS 4.7.1 Generation of PCR DNA fragments coding for α-l,4-glucan lyase. The amino acid sequences of three overlapping tryptic peptides from α-l,4-glucan lyase were used to generate mixed oligonucleotides, which could be used as PCR primers (see the sequences given above). In the first PCR ampUfication primers A/B (see above) were used as upstream primers and primer C (see above) was used as downstream primer. The size of the expected PCR product was 71 base pairs. In the second PCR amplification primers A/B were used as upstream primers and E was used as downstream primer. The size of the expected PCR product was 161 base pairs. In the third PCR amplification primers FI (see above) and F2 (see above) were used as upstream primers and E was used as downstream primer. The size of the expected PCR product was 238 base pairs. The PCR products were analysed on a 2% LMT agarose gel and fragments of the expected sizes were cut out from the gel and treated with Agarase (Boehringer Manheim) and cloned into the pT7blue Vector (Novagen) and sequenced. The cloned fragments from the first and second PCR amplification coded for amino acids coπesponding to the sequenced peptides (see above). The clone from the third amplification (see above) was only about 87% homologous to the sequenced peptides. 4.7.2 Screening of the genomic library with the cloned PCR fragments. Screening of the library with the above-mentioned clones gave two clones. One clone contained the nucleotide sequence of SEQ I.D. No. 4 (gene 2). The other clone contained some of the sequence of SEQ I.D. No.3 (from base pair 1065 downwards) (gene 1). The 5' end of SEQ. I.D. No. 3 (i.e. from base pair 1064 upwards) was obtained by the RACE (rapid ampUfication of cDNA ends) procedure (Michael, A.F. , Michael, K.D. & Martin, G.R.(1988). Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:8998-99002.) using the 5' race system from Gibco BRL. Total RNA was isolated according to Collinge et al.(CoUinge, D.B., MiUigan D.E:, Dow, J.M., Scofield, G.& Daniels, M.J.(1987). Plant Mol Biol 8: 405-414). The 5' race was done according to the protocol of the manufacturer, using lμg of total RNA. The PCR product from the second ammpUfication was cloned into pT7blue vector from Novagen according to the protocol of the manufacturer. Three independent PCR clones were sequenced to compensate for PCR eπors. An additional PCR was performed to supplement the clone just described with Xbal and Ndel restriction sites immediately in front of the ATG start codon using the following oligonucleotide as an upstream primer: GCTCTAGAGCATGTTTTCAACCCTTGCG and a primer containing the complement sequence of bp 1573-1593 in sequence GLl (i.e. SEQ. I.D. No. 3) was used as a downstream primer. The complete sequence for gene 1 (i.e. SEQ. I.D. No. 3) was generated by cloning the 3' end of the gene as a BamHI-Hindlll fragment from the genomic clone into the pBluescript II KS+ vector from Stratagene and additionally cloning the PCR generated 5' end of the gene as a Xbal-BamHI fragment in front of the 3' end. Gene 2 was cloned as a Hindlll blunt ended fragment into the EcoRV site of pBluescript II SK+ vector from Stratagene. A part of the 3' untranslated sequence was removed by a Sad digestion, followed by religation. Hindlll and Hpal restriction sites were introduced immediately in front of the start ATG by digestion with Hindlll and Narl and religation in the presence of the following annealed oUgonucleotides AGCTTGTTAACATGTATCCAACCCTCACCTTCGTGG ACAATTGTACATAGGTTGGGAGTGGAAGCACCGC No introns were found in the clones sequenced. The clone 1 type (SEQ.ID.No.3) can be aligned with all ten peptide sequences (see Figure 8) showing 100% identity. Alignment of the two protein sequences encoded by the genes isolated from the fungal infected algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis shows about 78% identity, indicating that both genes are coding for a α-1.4-glucan lyase. 5. EXPRESSION OF THE GL GENE IN MICRO-ORGANISMS (E.G. ANALYSES OF PICHIA LYASE TRANSFORMANTS AND ASPERGILLUS LYASE TRANSFORMANTS) The DNA sequence encoding the GL was introduced into microorganisms to produce an enzyme with high specific activity and in large quantities. In this regard, gene 1 (i.e. SEQ. I.D. No. 3) was cloned as a Notl-Hindlll blunt ended (using the DNA blunting kit from Amersham International) fragment into the Pichia expression vector pHIL-D2 (containing the AOX1 promoter) digested with EcoRI and blunt ended (using the DNA blunting kit from Amersham International) for expression in Pichia pastoris (according to the protocol stated in the Pichia Expression Kit supplied by Invitrogen). In another embodiment, the gene 1 (i.e. SEQ. I.D. No. 3) was cloned as a Notl- Hindlll blunt ended fragment (using the DNA blunting kit from Amersham International) into the Aspergillus expression vector pBARMTEl (containing the methyl tryptophan resistance promoter from Neuropera, crassa) digested with Smal for expression in Aspergillus niger (Pall et al (1993) Fungal Genet Newslett. vol 40 pages 59-62). The protoplasts were prepared according to Daboussi et al (Curr Genet (1989) vol 15 pp 453-456) using lysing enzymes Sigma L-2773 and the lyticase Sigma L-8012. The transformation of the protoplasts was followed according to the protocol stated by Buxton et al (Gene (1985) vol 37 pp 207-214) except that for plating the transformed protoplasts the protocol laid out in Punt et al (Methods in Enzymology (1992) vol 216 pp 447 - 457) was followed but with the use of 0.6% osmotic stabiUsed top agarose. The results showed that lyase activity was observed in the transformed Pichia pastoris and Aspergillus niger. 5.1 GENERAL METHODS Preparation of cell-free extracts. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 5 min and washed with 0.9% NaCl and resuspended in the breaking buffer (50mM K-phosphate, pH 7.5 containing ImM of EDTA, and 5% glycerol). Cells were broken using glass beads and vortex treatment. The breaking buffer contained 1 mM PMSF (protease inhibi¬ tor). The lyase extract (supernatant) was obtained after centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 5 min followed by centrifugation at 20,000 xg for 5min. Assay of lyase activity by alkaline 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent (DNS) One volume of lyase extract was mixed with an equal volume of 4% amylopectin solution. The reaction mixture was then incubated at a controlled temperature and samples vere removed at specified intervals and analyzed for AF. The lyase activity was also analyzed using a radioactive method. The reaction mixture contained 10 μl 14 C-starch solution (1 μCi; Sigma Chemicals Co.) and 10 μl of the lyase extract. The reaction mixture was left at 25°C overnight and was then analyzed in the usual TLC system. The radioactive AF produced was detected using an Instant Imager (Pachard Instrument Co., Inc., Meriden, CT). Electrophoresis and Western blotting SDS-PAGE was performed using 8-25% gradient gels and the PhastSystem (Pharmacia). Western blottings was also run on a Semidry transfer unit of the PhastSystem. Primary antibodies raised against the lyase purified from the red seaweed collected at Qingdao (China) were used in a dilution of 1: 100. Pig antirabbit IgG conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Dako A/S, Glostrup, Denmark) were used as secondary antibodies and used in a dilution of 1: 1000. Part I, Analysis of the Pichia transformantscontaining the above mentioned construct Results: 1. Lyase activity was determined 5 days after induction (according to the manual) and proved the activity to be intracellular for all samples in the B series. Samples of B series: 11 12 13 15 26 27 28 29 30 Specific activity: 139 81 122 192 151 253 199 198 150 *Specific activity is defined as nmol AF released per min per mg protein in a reaction mixture containing 2% (w/v) of glycogen, 1 % (w/v) glycerol in 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). The reaction temperature was 45°C; the reaction time was 60 min. A time course of sample B27 is as follows. The data are also presented in Figure 1. Time (min) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Spec. act. 0 18 54 90 147 179 253 Assay conditions were as above except that the time was varied. 2. Western-blotting analysis. The CFE of all samples showed bands with a molecular weight corresponding to the native lyase. MC-Lyase expressed intracellularly in Pichia pastoris Names of culture Specific activity* A18 10 A20 32 A21 8 A22 8 A24 6 Part U, The Aspergilus transformants Results I. Lyase activity was determined after 5 days incubation(minimaI medium containing 0.2% casein enzymatic hydrolysate analysis by the alkaline 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid reagent 1). Lyase activity analysis of the culture medium Among 35 cultures grown with 0.2% amylopectin included in the culture medium, AF was only detectable in two cultures. The culture medium of 5.4+ and 5.9+ contained 0.13 g AF/liter and 0.44 g/liter, respectively. The result indicated that active lyase had been secreted from the cells. Lyase activity was also measurable in the cell-free extract. 2). Lyase activity analysis in cell-free extracts Name of the culture Specific activity * 5.4+ 51 5.9+ 148 5.13 99 5.15 25 5.19 37 *The specific activity was defined as nmol of AF produced per min per mg protein at 25°C. + indicates that 0.2% amylopectin was added. The results show that Gene 1 of GL was expressed intraceUular in A. niger. Experiments with transformed E.coli (using cloning vectors pQE30 from the Qia express vector kit from Qiagen) showed expression of enzyme that was recognised by anti-body to the enzyme purified from fungally infected Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Instead of Aspergillus niger as host, other industrial important microorganisms for which good expression systems are known could be used such as: Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kl yveromyces sp. , Hansenula sp., Pichia sp. , Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp. or E. coli. Other preferred embodiments of the present invention include any one of the following: A transformed host organism having the capability of producing AF as a consequence of the introduction of a DNA sequence as herein described; such a transformed host organism which is a microorganism - preferably wherein the host organism is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, moulds, fungi and yeast; preferably the host organism is selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces, Kl yveromyces, Aspergillus, Trichoderma Hansenula, Pichia, Bacillus Streptomyces, Eschericia such as Aspergillus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus sublilis, Bacillus amyloliquefascien, Eschericia coli.; A method for preparing the sugar 1,5-D- anhydrofructose comprising contacting an alpha 1,4-glucan (e.g. starch) with the enzyme - 1,4-glucan lyase expressed by a transformed host organism comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the same, preferably wherein the nucleotide sequence is a DNA sequence, preferably wherein the DNA sequence is one of the sequences hereinbefore described; A vector incorporating a nucleotide sequence as hereinbefore described, preferably wherein the vector is a replication vector, preferably wherein the vector is an expression vector containing the nucleotide sequence downstream from a promoter sequence, the vector preferably containing a marker (such as a resistance marker); Cellular organisms, or cell line, transformed with such a vector; A method of producing the product - 1,4-glucan lyase or any nucleotide sequence or part thereof coding for same, which comprises culturing such an organism (or cells from a cell line) tiansfected with such a vector and recovering the product. Other modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. SEQUENCE LISTING (1 ) GENERAL INFORMATION : ( i ) APPLICANT: (A) NAME: DANISCO A/S (B) STREET: LANGEBROGADE 1 (C) CITY: COPENHAGEN (D) STATE: COPENHAGEN K (E) COUNTRY: DENMARK (F) POSTAL CODE (ZIP): DK-1001 (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: ENZYME (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 20 (iv) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: (A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk (B) COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: .PC-DOS/MS-DOS (D) SOFTWARE: Patentln Release #1.0, Version #1.25 (EPO) (v) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA: APPLICATION NUMBER: WO PCT/EP94/03399 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1088 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 1: Met Phe Ser Thr Leu Ala Phe Val Ala Pro Ser Ala Leu Gly Ala Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Phe Val Gly Ala Glu Val Arg Ser Asn Val Arg lie His Ser Ala 20 25 30 Phe Pro Ala Val His Thr Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Asn Arg Leu Asn Val 35 40 45 Ser Met Thr Ala Leu Ser Asp Lys Gin Thr Ala Thr Ala Gly Ser Thr 50 55 60 Asp Asn Pro Asp Gly He Asp Tyr Lys Thr Tyr Asp Tyr Val Gly Val 65 70 75 80 Trp Gly Phe Ser Pro Leu Ser Asn Thr Asn Trp Phe Ala Ala Gly Ser 85 90 95 Ser Thr Pro Gly Gly He Thr Asp Trp Thr Ala Thr Met Asn Val Asn 100 105 110 Phe Asp Arg He Asp Asn Pro Ser He Thr Val Gin His Pro Val Gin 115 120 125 Val Gin Val Thr Ser Tyr Asn Asn Asn Ser Tyr Arg Val Arg Phe Asn 130 135 140 Pro Asp Gly Pro He Arg Asp Val Thr Arg Gly Pro He Leu Lys Gin 145 150 155 160 Gin Leu Asp Trp He Arg Thr Gin Glu Leu Ser Glu Gly Cys Asp Pro 165 170 175 Gly Met Thr Phe Thr Ser Glu Gly Phe Leu Thr Phe Glu Thr Lys Asp 180 185 190 Leu Ser Val He He Tyr Gly Asn Phe Lys Thr Arg Val Thr Arg Lys 195 200 205 Ser Asp Gly Lys Val He Met Glu Asn Asp Glu Val Gly Thr Ala Ser 210 215 220 Ser Gly Asn Lys Cys Arg Gly Leu Met Phe Val Asp Arg Leu Tyr Gly 225 230 235 240 Asn Ala He Ala Ser Val Asn Lys Asn Phe Arg Asn Asp Ala Val Lys 245 250 255 Gin Glu Gly Phe Tyr Gly Ala Gly Glu Val Asn Cys Lys Tyr Gin Asp 260 265 270 Thr Tyr He Leu Glu Arg Thr Gly He Ala Met Thr Asn Tyr Asn Tyr 275 280 285 Asp Asn Leu Asn Tyr Asn Gin Trp Asp Leu Arg Pro Pro His His Asp 290 295 300 Gly Ala Leu Asn Pro Asp Tyr Tyr He Pro Met Tyr Tyr Ala Ala Pro 305 310 315 320 Trp Leu He Val Asn Gly Cys Ala Gly Thr Ser Glu Gin Tyr Ser Tyr 325 330 335 Gly Trp Phe Met Asp Asn Val Ser Gin Ser Tyr Met Asn Thr Gly Asp 340 345 350 Thr Thr Trp Asn Ser Gly Gin Glu Asp Leu Ala Tyr Met Gly Ala Gin 355 360 365 Tyr Gly Pro Phe Asp Gin His Phe Val Tyr Gly Ala Gly Gly Gly Met 370 375 380 Glu Cys Val Val Thr Ala Phe Ser Leu Leu Gin Gly Lys Glu Phe Glu 385 390 395 400 Asn Gin Val Leu Asn Lys Arg Ser Val Met Pro Pro Lys Tyr Val Phe 405 410 415 Gly Phe Phe Gin Gly Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Ser Leu Leu Arg Ala His 420 425 430 Met Pro Ala Gly Glu Asn Asn He Ser Val Glu Glu He Val Glu Gly 435 440 445 Tyr Gin Asn Asn Asn Phe Pro Phe Glu Gly Leu Ala Val Asp Val Asp 450 455 460 Met Gin Asp Asn Leu Arg Val Phe Thr Thr Lys Gly Glu Phe Trp Thr 465 470 475 480 Ala Asn Arg Val Gly Thr Gly Gly Asp Pro Asn Asn Arg Ser Val Phe 485 490 495 Glu Trp Ala His Asp Lys Gly Leu Val Cys Gin Thr Asn He Thr Cys 500 505 510 Phe Leu Arg Asn Asp Asn Glu Gly Gin Asp Tyr Glu Val Asn Gin Thr 515 520 525 Leu Arg Glu Arg Gin Leu Tyr Thr Lys Asn Asp Ser Leu Thr Gly Thr 530 535 540 Asp Phe Gly Met Thr Asp Asp Gly Pro Ser Asp Ala Tyr He Gly His 545 550 555 560 Leu Asp Tyr Gly Gly Gly Val Glu Cys Asp Ala Leu Phe Pro Asp Trp 565 570 575 Gly Arg Pro Asp Val Ala Glu Trp Trp Gly Asn Asn Tyr Lys Lys Leu 580 585 590 Phe Ser He Gly Leu Asp Phe Val Trp Gin Asp Met Thr Val Pro Ala 595 600 605 Met Met Pro His Lys He Gly Asp Asp He Asn Val Lys Pro Asp Gly 610 615 620 Asn Trp Pro Asn Ala Asp Asp Pro Ser Asn Gly Gin Tyr Asn Trp Lys 625 630 635 640 Thr Tyr His Pro Gin Val Leu Val Thr Asp Met Arg Tyr Glu Asn His 645 650 655 Gly Arg Glu Pro Met Val Thr Gin Arg Asn He His Ala Tyr Thr Leu 660 665 670 Cys Glu Ser Thr Arg Lys Glu Gly He Val Glu Asn Ala Asp Thr Leu 675 680 685 Thr Lys Phe Arg Arg Ser Tyr He He Ser Arg Gly Gly Tyr He Gly 690 695 700 Asn Gin His Phe Gly Gly Met Trp Val Gly Asp Asn Ser Thr Thr Ser 705 710 715 720 Asn Tyr He Gin Met Met He Ala Asn Asn He Asn Met Asn Met Ser 725 730 735 Cys Leu Pro Leu Val Gly Ser Asp He Gly Gly Phe Thr Ser Tyr Asp 740 745 750 Asn Glu Asn Gin Arg Thr Pro Cys Thr Gly Asp Leu Met Val Arg Tyr 755 760 765 Val Gin Ala Gly Cys Leu Leu Pro Trp Phe Arg Asn His Tyr Asp Arg 770 775 780 Trp He Glu Ser Lys Asp His Gly Lys Asp Tyr Gin Glu Leu Tyr Met 785 790 795 800 Tyr Pro Asn Glu Met Asp Thr Leu Arg Lys Phe Val Glu Phe Arg Tyr 805 810 815 Arg Trp Gin Glu Val Leu Tyr Thr Ala Met Tyr Gin Asn Ala Ala Phe 820 825 830 Gly Lys Pro He He Lys Ala Ala Ser Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn 835 840 845 Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly 850 855 860 Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Trp Glu Asn Ser Thr Glu Arg 865 870 875 880 Glu Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Gin Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly Pro Asp 885 890 895 Phe Asp Thr Lys Pro Leu Glu Gly Ala Met Asn Gly Gly Asp Arg He 900 905 910 Tyr Asn Tyr Pro Val Pro Gin Ser Glu Ser Pro He Phe Val Arg Glu 915 920 925 Gly Ala He Leu Pro Thr Arg Tyr Thr Leu Asn Gly Glu Asn Lys Ser 930 935 940 Leu Asn Thr Tyr Thr Asp Glu Asp Pro Leu Val Phe Glu Val Phe Pro 945 950 955 960 Leu Gly Asn Asn Arg Ala Asp Gly Met Cys Tyr Leu Asp Asp Gly Gly 965 970 975 Val Thr Thr Asn Ala Glu Asp Asn Gly Lys Phe Ser Val Val Lys Val 980 985 990 Ala Ala Glu Gin Asp Gly Gly Thr Glu Thr He Thr Phe Thr Asn Asp 995 1000 1005 Cys Tyr Glu Tyr Val Phe Gly Gly Pro Phe Tyr Val Arg Val Arg Gly 1010 1015 1020 Ala Gin Ser Pro Ser Asn He His Val Ser Ser Gly Ala Gly Ser Gin 1025 1030 1035 1040 Asp Met Lys Val Ser Ser Ala Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu Phe Asn Asp 1045 1050 1055 Gly Glu Asn Gly Asp Phe Trp Val Asp Gin Glu Thr Asp Ser Leu Trp 1060 1065 1070 Leu Lys Leu Pro Asn Val Val Leu Pro Asp Ala Val He Thr He Thr 1075 1080 1085 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 2: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1091 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 2: Met Tyr Pro Thr Leu Thr Phe Val Al a Pro Ser Al a Leu Gly Al a Arg 1 5 10 15 Thr Phe Thr Cys Val Gly H e Phe Arg Ser Hi s H e Leu H e Hi s Ser 20 25 30 Val Val Pro Al a Val Arg Leu Al a Val Arg Lys Ser Asn Arg Leu Asn 35 40 45 Val Ser Met Ser Al a Leu Phe Asp Lys Pro Thr Al a Val Thr Gl y Gl y 50 55 60 Lys Asp Asn Pro Asp Asn H e Asn Tyr Thr Thr Tyr Asp Tyr Val Pro 65 70 75 80 Val Trp Arg Phe Asp Pro Leu Ser Asn Thr Asn Trp Phe Al a Al a Gly 85 90 95 Ser Ser Thr Pro Gly Asp H e Asp Asp Trp Thr Al a Thr Met Asn Val 100 105 110 Asn Phe Asp Arg H e Asp Asn Pro Ser Phe Thr Leu Gl u Lys Pro Val 115 120 125 Gi n Val Gi n Val Thr Ser Tyr Lys Asn Asn Cys Phe Arg Val Arg Phe 130 135 140 Asn Pro Asp Gly Pro He Arg Asp Val Asp Arg Gly Pro He Leu Gin 145 150 155 160 Gin Gin Leu Asn Trp He Arg Lys Gin Glu Gin Ser Lys Gly Phe Asp 165 170 175 Pro Lys Met Gly Phe Thr Lys Glu Gly Phe Leu Lys Phe Glu Thr Lys 180 185 190 Asp Leu Asn Val He He Tyr Gly Asn Phe Lys Thr Arg Val Thr Arg 195 200 205 Lys Arg Asp Gly Lys Gly He Met Glu Asn Asn Glu Val Pro Ala Gly 210 215 220 Ser Leu Gly Asn Lys Cys Arg Gly Leu Met Phe Val Asp Arg Leu Tyr 225 230 235 240 Gly Thr Ala He Ala Ser Val Asn Glu Asn Tyr Arg Asn Asp Pro Asp 245 250 255 Arg Lys Glu Gly Phe Tyr Gly Ala Gly Glu Val Asn Cys Glu Phe Trp 260 265 270 Asp Ser Glu Gin Asn Arg Asn Lys Tyr He Leu Glu Arg Thr Gly He 275 280 285 Ala Met Thr Asn Tyr Asn Tyr Asp Asn Tyr Asn Tyr Asn Gin Ser Asp 290 295 300 Leu He Ala Pro Gly Tyr Pro Ser Asp Pro Asn Phe Tyr He Pro Met 305 310 315 320 Tyr Phe Ala Ala Pro Trp Val Val Val Lys Gly Cys Ser Gly Asn Ser 325 330 335 Asp Glu Gin Tyr Ser Tyr Gly Trp Phe Met Asp Asn Val Ser Gin Thr 340 345 350 Tyr Met Asn Thr Gly Gly Thr Ser Trp Asn Cys Gly Glu Glu Asn Leu 355 360 365 Ala Tyr Met Gly Ala Gin Cys Gly Pro Phe Asp Gin His Phe Val Tyr 370 375 380 Gly Asp Gly Asp Gly Leu Glu Asp Val Val Gin Ala Phe Ser Leu Leu 385 390 395 400 Gin Gly Lys Glu Phe Glu Asn Gin Val Leu Asn Lys Arg Ala Val Met 405 410 415 Pro Pro Lys Tyr Val Phe Gly Tyr Phe Gin Gly Val Phe Gly He Ala 420 425 430 Ser Leu Leu Arg Glu Gin Arg Pro Glu Gly Gly Asn Asn He Ser Val 435 440 445 Gin Glu He Val Glu Gly Tyr Gin Ser Asn Asn Phe Pro Leu Glu Gly 450 455 460 Leu Ala Val Asp Val Asp Met Gin Gin Asp Leu Arg Val Phe Thr Thr 465 470 475 480 Lys He Glu Phe Trp Thr Ala Asn Lys Val Gly Thr Gly Gly Asp Ser 485 490 495 Asn Asn Lys Ser Val Phe Glu Trp Ala His Asp Lys Gly Leu Val Cys 500 505 510 Gin Thr Asn Val Thr Cys Phe Leu Arg Asn Asp Asn Gly Gly Ala Asp 515 520 525 Tyr Glu Val Asn Gin Thr Leu Arg Glu Lys Gly Leu Tyr Thr Lys Asn 530 535 540 Asp Ser Leu Thr Asn Thr Asn Phe Gly Thr Thr Asn Asp Gly Pro Ser 545 550 555 560 Asp Ala Tyr He Gly His Leu Asp Tyr Gly Gly Gly Gly Asn Cys Asp 565 570 575 Ala Leu Phe Pro Asp Trp Gly Arg Pro Gly Val Ala Glu Trp Trp Gly 580 585 590 Asp Asn Tyr Ser Lys Leu Phe Lys He Gly Leu Asp Phe Val Trp Gin 595 600 605 Asp Met Thr Val Pro Ala Met Met Pro His Lys Val Gly Asp Ala Val 610 615 620 Asp Thr Arg Ser Pro Tyr Gly Trp Pro Asn Glu Asn Asp Pro Ser Asn 625 630 635 640 Gly Arg Tyr Asn Trp Lys Ser Tyr His Pro Gin Val Leu Val Thr Asp 645 650 655 Met Arg Tyr Glu Asn His Gly Arg Glu Pro Met Phe Thr Gin Arg Asn 660 665 670 Met His Ala Tyr Thr Leu Cys Glu Ser Thr Arg Lys Glu Gly He Val 675 680 685 Ala Asn Ala Asp Thr Leu Thr Lys Phe Arg Arg Ser Tyr He He Ser 690 695 700 Arg Gly Gly Tyr He Gly Asn Gin His Phe Gly Gly Met Trp Val Gly 705 710 715 720 Asp Asn Ser Ser Ser Gin Arg Tyr Leu Gin Met Met He Ala Asn He 725 730 735 Val Asn Met Asn Met Ser Cys Leu Pro Leu Val Gly Ser Asp He Gly 740 745 750 Gly Phe Thr Ser Tyr Asp Gly Arg Asn Val Cys Pro Gly Asp Leu Met 755 760 765 Val Arg Phe Val Gin Ala Gly Cys Leu Leu Pro Trp Phe Arg Asn His 770 775 780 Tyr Gly Arg Leu Val Glu Gly Lys Gin Glu Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Gin Glu 785 790 795 800 Leu Tyr Met Tyr Lys Asp Glu Met Ala Thr Leu Arg Lys Phe He Glu 805 810 815 Phe Arg Tyr Arg Trp Gin Glu Val Leu Tyr Thr Ala Met Tyr Gin Asn 820 825 830 Ala Ala Phe Gly Lys Pro He He Lys Ala Ala Ser Met Tyr Asp Asn 835 840 845 Asp Arg Asn Val Arg Gly Ala Gin Asp Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly 850 855 860 His Asp Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Trp Glu Asn Thr 865 870 875 880 Thr Ser Arg Asp Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Lys Trp Tyr Lys Phe 885 890 895 Gly Pro Asp Tyr Asp Thr Lys Arg Leu Asp Ser Ala Leu Asp Gly Gly 900 905 910 Gin Met He Lys Asn Tyr Ser Val Pro Gin Ser Asp Ser Pro He Phe 915 920 925 Val Arg Glu Gly Ala He Leu Pro Thr Arg Tyr Thr Leu Asp Gly Ser 930 935 940 Asn Lys Ser Met Asn Thr Tyr Thr Asp Lys Asp Pro Leu Val Phe Glu 945 950 955 960 Val Phe Pro Leu Gly Asn Asn Arg Ala Asp Gly Met Cys Tyr Leu Asp 965 970 975 Asp Gly Gly He Thr Thr Asp Ala Glu Asp His Gly Lys Phe Ser Val 980 985 990 He Asn Val Glu Ala Leu Arg Lys Gly Val Thr Thr Thr He Lys Phe 995 1000 1005 Ala Tyr Asp Thr Tyr Gin Tyr Val Phe Asp Gly Pro Phe Tyr Val Arg 1010 1015 1020 He Arg Asn Leu Thr Thr Ala Ser Lys He Asn Val Ser Ser Gly Ala 1025 1030 1035 1040 Gly Glu Glu Asp Met Thr Pro Thr Ser Ala Asn Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu 1045 1050 1055 SUBSTITUTESHEET{RULE26) 3 7 / 1 Phe Ser Asp Gly Gly Val Gly Glu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Asn Asp Thr Ser 1060 1065 1070 Ser Leu Trp Met Lys Leu Pro Asn Leu Val Leu Gin Asp Ala Val He 1075 1080 1085 Thr He Thr 1090 {2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 3267 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 3: ATGTTTTCAA CCCTTGCGTT TGTCGCACCT AGTGCGCTGG GAGCCAGTAC CTTCGTAGGG 60 GCGGAGGTCA GGTCAAATGT TCGTATCCAT TCCGCTTTTC CAGCTGTGCA CACAGCTACT 120 CGCAAAACCA ATCGCCTCAA TGTATCCATG ACCGCATTGT CCGACAAACA AACGGCTACT 180 GCGGGTAGTA CAGACAATCC GGACGGTATC GACTACAAGA CCTACGATTA CGTCGGAGTA 240 TGGGGTTTCA GCCCCCTCTC CAACACGAAC TGGTTTGCTG CCGGCTCTTC TACCCCGGGT 300 GGCATCACTG ATTGGACGGC TACAATGAAT GTCAACTTCG ACCGTATCGA CAATCCGTCC 360 ATCACTGTCC AGCATCCCGT TCAGGTTCAG GTCACGTCAT ACAACAACAA CAGCTACAGG 420 GTTCGCTTCA ACCCTGATGG CCCTATTCGT GATGTGACTC GTGGGCCTAT CCTCAAGCAG 480 CAACTAGATT GGATTCGAAC GCAGGAGCTG TCAGAGGGAT GTGATCCCGG AATGACTTTC 540 ACATCAGAAG GTTTCTTGAC TTTTGAGACC AAGGATCTAA GCGTCATCAT CTACGGAAAT 600 TTCAAGACCA GAGTTACGAG AAAGTCTGAC GGCAAGGTCA TCATGGAAAA TGATGAAGTT 660 GGAACTGCAT CGTCCGGGAA CAAGTGCCGG GGATTGATGT TCGTTGATAG ATTATACGGT 720 AACGCTATCG CTTCCGTCAA CAAGAACTTC CGCAACGACG CGGTCAAGCA GGAGGGATTC 780 TATGGTGCAG GTGAAGTCAA CTGTAAGTAC CAGGACACCT ACATCTTAGA ACGCACTGGA 840 ATCGCCATGA CAAATTACAA CTACGATAAC TTGAACTATA ACCAGTGGGA CCTTAGACCT 900 CCGCATCATG ATGGTGCCCT CAACCCAGAC TATTATATTC CAATGTACTA CGCAGCACCT 960 TGGTTGATCG TTAATGGATG CGCCGGTACT TCGGAGCAGT ACTCGTATGG ATGGTTCATG 1020 3 7 / 2 GACAATGTCT CTCAATCTTA CATGAATACT GGAGATACTA CCTGGAATTC TGGACAAGAG 1080 GACCTGGCAT ACATGGGCGC GCAGTATGGA CCATTTGACC AACATTTTGT TTACGGTGCT 1140 GGGGGTGGGA TGGAATGTGT GGTCACAGCG TTCTCTCTTC TACAAGGCAA GGAGTTCGAG 1200 AACCAAGTTC TCAACAAACG TTCAGTAATG CCTCCGAAAT ACGTCTTTGG TTTCTTCCAG 1260 GGTGTTTTCG GGACTTCTTC CTTGTTGAGA GCGCATATGC CAGCAGGTGA GAACAACATC 1320 TCAGTCGAAG AAATTGTAGA AGGTTATCAA AACAACAATT TCCCTTTCGA GGGGCTCGCT 1380 GTGGACGTGG ATATGCAAGA CAACTTGCGG GTGTTCACCA CGAAGGGCGA ATTTTGGACC 1440 GCAAACAGGG TGGGTACTGG CGGGGATCCA AACAACCGAT CGGTTTTTGA ATGGGCACAT 1500 GACAAAGGCC TTGTTTGTCA GACAAATATA ACTTGCTTCC TGAGGAATGA TAACGAGGGG 1560 CAAGACTACG AGGTCAATCA GACGTTAAGG GAGAGGCAGT TGTACACGAA GAACGACTCC 1620 CTGACGGGTA CGGATTTTGG AATGACCGAC GACGGCCCCA GCGATGCGTA CATCGGTCAT 1680 CTGGACTATG GGGGTGGAGT AGAATGTGAT GCACTTTTCC CAGACTGGGG ACGGCCTGAC 1740 GTGGCCGAAT GGTGGGGAAA TAACTATAAG AAACTGTTCA GCATTGGTCT CGACTTCGTC 1800 TGGCAAGACA TGACTGTTCC AGCAATGATG CCGCACAAAA TTGGCGATGA CATCAATGTG 1860 AAACCGGATG GGAATTGGCC GAATGCGGAC GATCCGTCCA ATGGACAATA CAACTGGAAG 1920 ACGTACCATC CCCAAGTGCT TGTAACTGAT ATGCGTTATG AGAATCATGG TCGGGAACCG 1980 ATGGTCACTC AACGCAACAT TCATGCGTAT ACACTGTGCG AGTCTACTAG GAAGGAAGGG 2040 ATCGTGGAAA ACGCAGACAC TCTAACGAAG TTCCGCCGTA GCTACATTAT CAGTCGTGGT 2100 GGTTACATTG GTAACCAGCA TTTCGGGGGT ATGTGGGTGG GAGACAACTC TACTACATCA 2160 AACTACATCC AAATGATGAT TGCCAACAAT ATTAACATGA ATATGTCTTG CTTGCCTCTC 2220 GTCGGCTCCG ACATTGGAGG ATTCACCTCA TACGACAATG AGAATCAGCG AACGCCGTGT 2280 ACCGGGGACT TGATGGTGAG GTATGTGCAG GCGGGCTGCC TGTTGCCGTG GTTCAGGAAC 2340 CACTATGATA GGTGGATCGA GTCCAAGGAC CACGGAAAGG ACTACCAGGA GCTGTACATG 2400 TATCCGAATG AAATGGATAC GTTGAGGAAG TTCGTTGAAT TCCGTTATCG CTGGCAGGAA 2460 GTGTTGTACA CGGCCATGTA CCAGAATGCG GCTTTCGGAA AGCCGATTAT CAAGGCTGCT 2520 TCGATGTACA ATAACGACTC AAACGTTCGC AGGGCGCAGA ACGATCATTT CCTTCTTGGT 2580 GGACATGATG GATATCGCAT TCTGTGCGCG CCTGTTGTGT GGGAGAATTC GACCGAACGC 2640 GAATTGTACT TGCCCGTGCT GACCCAATGG TACAAATTCG GTCCCGACTT TGACACCAAG 2700 37 / 3 CCTCTGGAAG GAGCGATGAA CGGAGGGGAC CGAATTTACA ACTACCCTGT ACCGCAAAGT 2760 GAATCACCAA TCTTCGTGAG AGAAQGTGCG ATTCTCCCTA CCCGCTACAC GTTGAACGGT 2820 GAAAACAAAT CATTGAACAC GTACACGGAC GAAGATCCGT TGGTGTTTGA AGTATTCCCC 2880 CTCGGAAACA ACCGTGCCGA CGGTATGTGT TATCTTGATG ATGGCGGTGT GACCACCAAT 2940 GCTGAAGACA ATGGCAAGTT CTCTGTCGTC AAGGTGGCAG CGGAGCAGGA TGGTGGTACG 3000 GAGACGATAA CGTTTACGAA TGATTGCTAT GAGTACGTTT TCGGTGGACC GTTCTACGTT 3060 CGAGTGCGCG GCGCTCAGTC GCCGTCGAAC ATCCACGTGT CTTCTGGAGC GGGTTCTCAG 3120 GACATGAAGG TGAGCTCTGC CACTTCCAGG GCTGCGCTGT TCAATGACGG GGAGAACGGT 3180 GATTTCTGGG TTGACCAGGA GACAGATTCT CTGTGGCTGA AGTTGCCCAA CGTTGTTCTC 3240 CCGGACGCTG TGATCACAAT TACCTAA 3267 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 3276 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 4: ATGTATCCAA CCCTCACCTT CGTGGCGCCT AGTGCGCTAG GGGCCAGAAC TTTCACGTGT 60 GTGGGCATTT TTAGGTCACA CATTCTTATT CATTCGGTTG TTCCAGCGGT GCGTCTAGCT 120 GTGCGCAAAA GCAACCGCCT CAATGTATCC ATGTCCGCTT TGTTCGACAA ACCGACTGCT 180 GTTACTGGAG GGAAGGACAA CCCGGACAAT ATCAATTACA CCACTTATGA CTACGTCCCT 240 GTGTGGCGCT TCGACCCCCT CAGCAATACG AACTGGTTTG CTGCCGGATC TTCCACTCCC 300 GGCGATATTG ACGACTGGAC GGCGACAATG AATGTGAACT TCGACCGTAT CGACAATCCA 360 TCCTTCACTC TCGAGAAACC GGTTCAGGTT CAGGTCACGT CATACAAGAA CAATTGTTTC 420 AGGGTTCGCT TCAACCCTGA TGGTCCTATT CGCGATGTGG ATCGTGGGCC TATCCTCCAG 480 CAGCAACTAA ATTGGATCCG GAAGCAGGAG CAGTCGAAGG GGTTTGATCC TAAGATGGGC 540 TTCACAAAAG AAGGTTTCTT GAAATTTGAG ACCAAGGATC TGAACGTTAT CATATATGGC 600 AATTTTAAGA CTAGAGTTAC GAGGAAGAGG GATGGAAAAG GGATCATGGA GAATAATGAA 660 3 7 / 4 GTGCCGGCAG GATCGTTAGG GAACAAGTGC CGGGGATTGA TGTTTGTCGA CAGGTTGTAC 720 GGCACTGCCA TCGCTTCCGT TAATGAAAAT TACCGCAACG ATCCCGACAG GAAAGAGGGG 780 TTCTATGGTG CAGGAGAAGT AAACTGCGAG TTTTGGGACT CCGAACAAAA CAGGAACAAG 840 TACATCTTAG AACGAACTGG AATCGCCATG ACAAATTACA ATTATGACAA CTATAACTAC 900 AACCAGTCAG ATCTTATTGC TCCAGGATAT CCTTCCGACC CGAACTTCTA CATTCCCATG 960 TATTTTGCAG CACCTTGGGT AGTTGTTAAG GGATGCAGTG GCAACAGCGA TGAACAGTAC 1020 TCGTACGGAT GGTTTATGGA TAATGTCTCC CAAACTTACA TGAATACTGG TGGTACTTCC 1080 TGGAACTGTG GAGAGGAGAA CTTGGCATAC ATGGGAGCAC AGTGCGGTCC ATTTGACCAA 1140 CATTTTGTGT ATGGTGATGG AGATGGTCTT GAGGATGTTG TCCAAGCGTT CTCTCTTCTG 1200 CAAGGCAAAG AGTTTGAGAA CCAAGTTCTG AACAAACGTG CCGTAATGCC TCCGAAATAT 1260 GTGTTTGGTT ACTTTCAGGG AGTCTTTGGG ATTGCTTCCT TGTTGAGAGA GCAAAGACCA 1320 GAGGGTGGTA ATAACATCTC TGTTCAAGAG ATTGTCGAAG GTTACCAAAG CAATAACTTC 1380 CCTTTAGAGG GGTTAGCCGT AGATGTGGAT ATGCAACAAG ATTTGCGCGT GTTCACCACG 1440 AAGATTGAAT TTTGGACGGC AAATAAGGTA GGCACCGGGG GAGACTCGAA TAACAAGTCG 1500 GTGTTTGAAT GGGCACATGA CAAAGGCCTT GTATGTCAGA CGAATGTTAC TTGCTTCTTG 1560 AGAAACGACA ACGGCGGGGC AGATTACGAA GTCAATCAGA CATTGAGGGA GAAGGGTTTG 1620 TACACGAAGA ATGACTCACT GACGAACACT AACTTCGGAA CTACCAACGA CGGGCCGAGC 1680 GATGCGTACA TTGGACATCT GGACTATGGT GGCGGAGGGA ATTGTGATGC ACTTTTCCCA 1740 GACTGGGGTC GACCGGGTGT GGCTGAATGG TGGGGTGATA ACTACAGCAA GCTCTTCAAA 1800 ATTGGTCTGG ATTTCGTCTG GCAAGACATG ACAGTTCCAG CTATGATGCC ACACAAAGTT 1860 GGCGACGCAG TCGATACGAG ATCACCTTAC GGCTGGCCGA ATGAGAATGA TCCTTCGAAC 1920 GGACGATACA ATTGGAAATC TTACCATCCA CAAGTTCTCG TAACTGATAT GCGATATGAG 1980 AATCATGGAA GGGAACCGAT GTTCACTCAA CGCAATATGC ATGCGTACAC ACTCTGTGAA 2040 TCTACGAGGA AGGAAGGGAT TGTTGCAAAT GCAGACACTC TAACGAAGTT CCGCCGCAGT 2100 TATATTATCA GTCGTGGAGG TTACATTGGC AACCAGCATT TTGGAGGAAT GTGGGTTGGA 2160 GACAACTCTT CCTCCCAAAG ATACCTCCAA ATGATGATCG CGAACATCGT CAACATGAAC 2220 ATGTCTTGCC TTCCACTAGT TGGGTCCGAC ATTGGAGGTT TTACTTCGTA TGATGGACGA 2280 AACGTGTGTC CCGGGGATCT AATGGTAAGA TTCGTGCAGG CGGGTTGCTT ACTACCGTGG 2340 37/ 5 TTCAGAAACC ACTATGGTAG GTTGGTCGAG GGCAAGCAAG AGGGAAAATA CTATCAAGAA 2400 CTGTACATGT ACAAGGACGA GATGGCTACA TTGAGAAAAT TCATTGAATT CCGTTACCGC 2460 TGGCAGGAGG TGTTGTACAC TGCTATGTAC CAGAATGCGG CTTTCGGGAA ACCGATTATC 2520 AAGGCAGCTT CCATGTACGA CAACGACAGA AACGTTCGCG GCGCACAGGA TGACCACTTC 2580 CTTCTCGGCG GACACGATGG ATATCGTATT TTGTGTGCAC CTGTTGTGTG GGAGAATACA 2640 ACCAGTCGCG ATCTGTACTT GCCTGTGCTG ACCAAATGGT ACAAATTCGG CCCTGACTAT 2700 GACACCAAGC GCCTGGATTC TGCGTTGGAT GGAGGGCAGA TGATTAAGAA CTATTCTGTG 2760 CCACAAAGCG ACTCTCCGAT ATTTGTGAGG GAAGGAGCTA TTCTCCCTAC CCGCTACACG 2820 TTGGACGGTT CGAACAAGTC AATGAACACG TACACAGACA AAGACCCGTT GGTGTTTGAG 2880 GTATTCCCTC TTGGAAACAA CCGTGCCGAC GGTATGTGTT ATCTTGATGA TGGCGGTATT 2940 ACTACAGATG CTGAGGACCA TGGCAAATTC TCTGTTATCA ATGTCGAAGC CTTACGGAAA 3000 GGTGTTACGA CGACGATCAA GTTTGCGTAT GACACTTATC AATACGTATT TGATGGTCCA 3060 TTCTACGTTC GAATCCGTAA TCTTACGACT GCATCAAAAA TTAACGTGTC TTCTGGAGCG 3120 GGTGAAGAGG ACATGACACC GACCTCTGCG AACTCGAGGG CAGCTTTGTT CAGTGATGGA 3180 GGTGTTGGAG AATACTGGGC TGACAATGAT ACGTCTTCTC TGTGGATGAA GTTGCCAAAC 3240 CTGGTTCTGC AAGACGCTGT GATTACCATT ACGTAG 3276 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 5: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 90 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 5: Tyr Arg Trp Gin Glu Val Leu Tyr Thr Ala Met Tyr Gin Asn Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Lys Pro He He Lys Ala Ala Ser Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser 20 25 30 Asn Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp 35 40 45 37 / 6 Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Trp Glu Asn Ser Thr Glu 50 55 60 Arg Glu Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Gin Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly Pro 65 70 75 80 Asp Phe Asp Thr Lys Pro Leu Glu Gly Ala 85 90 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 23 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(6, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc Jifference (B) LOCATION: replace(9, ■••■ ) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note- "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(12, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(15, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(18, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note- "N is G or A or T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(21, " ■• ) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note- "N is C or T" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 6: ATGTANAANA ANGANTCNAA NGT 23 37 / 7 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 7: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 23 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(6, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(9, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(12, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(15, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: isc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(18, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(21, ,,n ) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 7: ATGTANAANA ANGANAGNAA NGT 23 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 8: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 17 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear ( i i ) MOLECULE TYPE : DNA (genomi c) 37 / 8 (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(3, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A or T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(6, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(9, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(12, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A or T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(15, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A or T or C" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 8: TANCCNTCNT GNCCNCC 17 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 9: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(3, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A or T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(6, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(9, " *■ ) (D) OTHER INFORMATION : /note= "N i s C or T" 37 / 9 (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(12, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(18, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is C or T" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 9: GGNCCNAANT TNTACCANTG 20 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 17 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(3, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(6, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A or T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(12, " " ) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY : mi sc di fference (B) LOCATION : repl ace(15 , " " ) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 10: TANCGNTGGC ANGANGT 17 37 / 10 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 17 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(3, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note- "N is T or C" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(6, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc difference (B) LOCATION: replace(12, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: misc_difference (B) LOCATION: replace(15, "") (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /note= "N is G or A" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 11: TANAGNTGGC ANGANGT 17 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 71 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 12: ATGTACAACA ACGACTCGAA CGTTCGCAGG GCGCAGAACG ATCATTTCCT TCTTGGCGGC 60 CACGACGGTT A 71 37/ U (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 13: Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly 20 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 14: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 160 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 14: ATGTACAACA ACGACTCGAA CGTTCGCAGG GCGCAGAACG ATCATTTCCT TCTTGGTGGA 60 CATGATGGAT ATCGCATTCT GTGCGCGCCT GTTGTGTGGG AGAATTCGAC CGAACGGAAT 120 TGTACTTGCC CGTGCTGACC CAATGGTACA AATTCGGCCC 160 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 54 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 15: Met Tyr Asn Asn Asp Ser Asn Val Arg Arg Ala Gin Asn Asp His Phe 1 5 10 15 37/ 12 Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val 20 25 30 Trp Glu Asn Ser Thr Glu Arg Glu Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Gin 35 40 45 Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly Pro 50 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 16: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 238 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 16: TACAGGTGGC AGGAGGTGTT GTACACTGCT ATGTACCAGA ATGCGGCTTT CGGGAAACCG 60 ATTATCAAGG CAGCTTCCAT GTACGACAAC GACAGAAACG TTCGCGGCGC ACAGGATGAC 120 CACTTCCTTC TCGGCGGACA CGATGGATAT CGTATTTTGT GTGCACCTGT TGTGTGGGAG 180 AATACAACCA GTCGCGATCT GTACTTGCCT GTGCTGACCA GTGGTACAAA TTCGGCCC 238 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 79 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 17: Tyr Arg Trp Gin Glu Val Leu Tyr Thr Ala Met Tyr Gin Asn Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Lys Pro He He Lys Ala Ala Ser Met Tyr Asp Asn Asp Arg 20 25 30 Asn Val Arg Gly Ala Gin Asp Asp His Phe Leu Leu Gly Gly His Asp 35 40 45 Gly Tyr Arg He Leu Cys Ala Pro Val Val Trp Glu Asn Thr Thr Ser 50 55 60 Arg Asp Leu Tyr Leu Pro Val Leu Thr Lys Trp Tyr Lys Phe Gly 65 70 75 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 18: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 28 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 18: GCTCTAGAGC ATGTTTTCAA CCCTTGCG 28 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 19: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 36 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 19: AGCTTGTTAA CATGTATCCA ACCCTCACCT TCGTGG 36 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 20: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 34 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 20: ACAATTGTAC ATAGGTTGGG AGTGGAAGCA CCGC 34 INDICATIONS RELATING TO A DEPOSITED MICROORGANISM (PCT Rule I3bis) A. The indications made below relate to the microorganism referred to in the description on page 2 t '' ne 22— B. IDENT FICATION OF DEPOSIT Further deposits are identified on an additional sheet | | Name of depositary institution The National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Limited (NCIMB) Address of depositary institution (including postal code and country) 23 St. Machar Drive Aberdeen Scotland AB2 1RY United Kingdom Date of deposit Accession Number C. ADDITIONAL INDICATIONS (leave blank if not applicable) This information is continued on an additional sheet (^] In respect of those designations in which a European patent is sought, and any other designated state having equivalent legislation, a sample of the deposited microorganism will be made available until the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent or until the date on which the application has been refused or withdrawn or is deemed to be withdrawn, only by the issue of such a sample to an expert nominated by the person requesting the sample. (Rule 28(A) EPC). D. DESIGNATED STATES FOR WHICH INDICATIONS ARE MADE (if the indications are not for all designated States) E. SEPARATE FURNISHING OF INDICATIONS (leave blank if not applicable) The indications listed below will be submitted to the International Bureau later (specify tlic general nature of the indications e.g., "Accession Number of Deposit") For receiving Office use only For International Bureau use only I I This sheet was received with the international application I [ This sheet was received by the International Bureau on: Authorized officer Authorized officer Form P 39 INDICATIONS RELATING TO A DEPOSITED MICROORGANISM (PCT Rule I3bis) For receiving Office use only For International Bureau use only I I This sheet was received with the international application I I This sheet was received by the International Bureau on: Authorized officer Authorized officer Form PCT/RO/134 Jul 1992 40 INDICATIONS RELATING TO A DEPOSITED MICROORGANISM (PCT Rule \3bts) For receiving Office use only For International Bureau use only I I This sheet was received with the international application I I This sheet was received by the International Bureau on: Authorized officer Authorized officer

Claims: 41 CLAIMS 1. A method of preparing the enzyme - 1,4-glucan lyase (GL) comprising isolating the enzyme from a fungally infected algae. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the enzyme is isolated and/or further purified using a gel that is not degraded by the enzyme. 3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the gel is based on dextrin or derivatives thereof, preferably a cyclodextrin, more preferably beta-cyclo-dextrin. 4. A GL enzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. An enzyme comprising the amino acid sequence SEQ. DD. No. 1. or SEQ. ID. No. 2, or any variant thereof. 6. A nucleotide sequence coding for the enzyme α-l,4-glucan lyase. 7. A nucleotide sequence according to claim 6 wherein the sequence is a DNA sequence. 8. A nucleotide sequence according to claim 7 wherein the DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is the same as, or is complementary to, or has substantial homology with, or contains any suitable codon substitutions for any of those of, SEQ. ID. No. 3 or SEQ. ID. No. 4. 9. A method of preparing the enzmye α- 1,4-glucan lyase comprising expressing the nucleotide sequence according to any one of claims 6 to 8. 42 10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the algae is Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. 11. The use of beta-cyclodextrin to purify an enzyme, preferably GL. 12. A nucleotide sequence wherein the DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is the same as, or is complementary to, or has substantial homology with, or contains any suitable codon substitutions for any of those of, SEQ. ID. No. 3 or SEQ. ID. No. 4.

Inventors: BOJKO MAJA, BOJSEN KIRSTEN, KRAGH KARSTEN MATTHIAS, MARCUSSEN JAN, NIELSEN JOHN, YU SHUKUN, BOJKO, MAJA, BOJSEN, KIRSTEN, KRAGH, KARSTEN, MATTHIAS, MARCUSSEN, JAN, NIELSEN, JOHN, YU, SHUKUN
Applicants: BOJKO MAJA, BOJSEN KIRSTEN, DANISCO, KRAGH KARSTEN MATTHIAS, MARCUSSEN JAN, NIELSEN JOHN, YU SHUKUN, BOJKO, MAJA, BOJSEN, KIRSTEN, DANISCO A/S, KRAGH, KARSTEN, MATTHIAS, MARCUSSEN, JAN, NIELSEN, JOHN, YU, SHUKUN
Application year: 1994
Main classification: C12N15
IPC codes: C12N1, C12N9, C12N15, C12P19, C12R1