PYRROLO-PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES

Abstract: A class of chemical compounds comprising a pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin e moiety and a substituted heterocyclic moiety, linked via the 3-position of the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine moiety by a methylene group, are ligands for dopamine receptor subtypes within the body and are therefore useful in the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the dopamine system, in particular schizophrenia.

Description: PYRROLO-PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES This invention relates to a particular class of heteroaromatic compounds. More particularly, the invention is concerned with substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]- pyridine derivatives which are ligands for dopamine receptor subtypes within the body and are therefore of use in the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the dopamine system, including schizophrenia, depression, nausea, Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesias and extrapyramidal side-effects associated with treatment by conventional neuroleptic agents, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and disorders of hypothalamic-pituitary function such as hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea. Upper gastrointestinal tract motility is believed to be under the control of the dopamine system. The compounds according to the present invention may thus be of use in the prevention and/or treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, and the facilitation of gastric emptying. Dependence-inducing agents such as cocaine and amphetamine have been shown to interact with the dopamine system. Compounds capable of counteracting this effect, including the compounds in accordance with the present invention, may accordingly be of value in the prevention or reduction of dependence on a dependence-inducing agent. Dopamine is known to be a peripheral vasodilator; for example, it has been shown to exert a dilatory effect on the renal vascular bed. This implies that the compounds of the present invention may be beneficial in controlling vascular blood flow. The localisation of dopamine receptor RNA in rat heart and large vessels has been noted. This suggests a role for dopamine receptor ligands in controlling cardiovascular function, either by affecting cardiac and smooth muscle contractility or by modulating the secretion of vasoactive substances. The compounds according to the present invention may therefore be of assistance in the prevention and/or treatment of such conditions as hypertension and congestive heart failure. Molecular biological techniques have revealed the existence of several subtypes of the dopamine receptor. The dopamine D^ receptor subtype has been shown to occur in at least two discrete forms. Two forms of the U2 receptor subtype, and at least one form of the D 3 receptor subtype, have also been discovered. More recently, the D (Van Tol et a . , Nature (London), 1991, 350. 610) and D 5 (Sunahara et a∑. , Nature (London), 1991, 350. 614) receptor subtypes have been described. The disclosure of GB-A-2044254 generically encompasses inter alia a class of 3-[piperidin-l- ylalkyl]-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives substituted on the piperidine ring by an isoindoledione or like moiety. These compounds are alleged therein to be useful as antidepressants. There is, however, no specific disclosure in GB-A-2044254 of a substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivative, nor indeed any suggestion that such compounds would be of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the dopamine system. The compounds in accordance with the present invention, being ligands for dopamine receptor subtypes within the body, are accordingly of use in the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the dopamine system. The present invention accordingly provides a compound of formula I, or a salt or prodrug thereof: ( I ) wherein R represents hydrogen or Cι_g alkyl; Q represents a moiety of formula Qa, Qb or Qc: (Qα) (Ob) (Qc) in which the broken line represents an optional chemical bond; R 1 represents hydrogen, or an optionally substituted C^g alkyl, C^-g alkoxy, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C _g alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryl(Ci-g)alkoxy, aryl(C 2 - 6 )alkenyl, aryl(C 2 - 6 )alkynyl, C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl ( C-L-Q )alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C^g)alkyl, heteroaryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkenyl or heteroaryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkynyl group; R 2 represents an optionally substituted C^.g alkyl, C^g alkoxy, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C _ 6 alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryloxy(C 1 _ 6 )alkyl, aryl(C^g)alkoxy, aryl(C _ 6 )alkenyl, aryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkynyl, C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl(C^g)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C^g)alkyl, heteroaryl(C 2 -g)alkenyl or heteroaryl(C 2 _g)alkynyl group; R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen, hydrocarbon, a heterocyclic group, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, -OR a , -SR a , -SOR a , -S0 2 R a , -S0 2 NR a R b , -NR a R b , -NR a COR b , -NR a C0 2 R b , -COR a , -C0 2 R a or -CONR a R b ; Z represents -CH 2 - or -CH CH 2 -; R 6 represents hydrogen or halogen, or an optionally substituted C - 6 alkyl, C^g alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryl(Ci-g)alkoxy or heteroaryl group; and R a and R b independently represent hydrogen, hydrocarbon or a heterocyclic group. For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of formula I will be pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include acid addition salts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of the compound according to the invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid or phosphoric acid. Furthermore, where the compounds of the invention carry an acidic moiety, suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g. sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g. calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g. quaternary ammonium salts. The term "hydrocarbon" as used herein includes straight-chained, branched and cyclic groups containing up to 18 carbon atoms, suitably up to 15 carbon atoms, and conveniently up to 12 carbon atoms. Suitable hydrocarbon groups include Cχ_ alkyl, C 2 _g alkenyl, C 2 _g alkynyl, C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl(C 1 _g)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryl(C 2 _g)alkenyl and aryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkynyl. The expression "a heterocyclic group" as used herein includes cyclic groups containing up to 18 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom preferably selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. The heterocyclic group suitably contains up to 15 carbon atoms and conveniently up to 12 carbon atoms, and is preferably linked through carbon. Examples of suitable heterocyclic groups include C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl, C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl(C^-g)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(Cι_g)alkyl, heteroaryl(C 2 _g)alkenyl and heteroaryl(C 2 _g)alkynyl groups. Suitable alkyl groups within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R, R 1 , R 2 and R 6 include straight-chained and branched alkyl groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Typical examples include methyl and ethyl groups, and straight-chained or branched propyl and butyl groups. Particular alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl. Suitable alkenyl groups within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 include straight-chained and branched alkenyl groups containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Typical examples include vinyl and allyl groups. Suitable alkynyl groups within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 include straight-chained and branched alkynyl groups containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Typical examples include ethynyl and propargyl groups. Suitable cycloalkyl groups include groups containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Particular cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl. Particular aryl groups within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 6 include phenyl and naphthyl. Particular aryl(C 1 _g)alkyl groups within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 6 include benzyl, naphthylmethyl, phenethyl and phenylpropyl. A particular aryl(C 2 _g)alkenyl group within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 is phenylethenyl. A particular aryl(C 2 _g)alkynyl group within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 is phenylethynyl. Suitable heterocycloalkyl groups include azetidinyl, pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl and tetrahydrofuryl groups. A particular C 3 _ heterocycloalkyl(C^g)alkyl group within the scope of the expression "a heterocyclic group" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 is tetrahydrofurylethyl. Suitable heteroaryl groups within the scope of the expression "a heterocyclic group" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 6 include pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyranyl, furyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl, thienyl, benzthienyl, indolyl, indazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, oxadiazolyl and thiadiazolyl groups. Particular heteroaryl(C^g)alkyl groups within the scope of the expression "a heterocyclic group" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 include thienylmethyl, pyridylmethyl, pyrimidinylmethyl, pyrazinylmethyl and furylethyl. Particular heteroaryl(C 2 _g)alkenyl groups within the scope of the term "hydrocarbon" and within the definition of the substituents R 1 and R 2 include furylethenyl and thienylethenyl. The hydrocarbon and heterocyclic groups, as well as the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 6 , may in turn be optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from C;L_g alkyl, adamantyl, phenyl, aryl(C^ )alkyl, halogen, C^_g haloalkyl, C^-g aminoalkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, C^g alkoxy, aryloxy, keto, Cι_ alkylenedioxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C _g alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 _g alkoxycarbonyl(C _g)alkyl, C _g alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, C 2 _ 6 alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, Ci-g alkylthio, C^ alkylsulphinyl, C^ alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, trifluoromethane- SUlphonyloxy, -NR V R W , -NR v COR w , -NR v C0 2 R w , -NR v S0 2 R w , -CH 2 NR v S0 2 R w , -NHCONR V R W , -PO(OR v ) (OR w ) , -CONR v R w , -S0 2 NR v R w and -CH 2 S0 2 NR v R w , in which R v and R w independently represent hydrogen, C^_ alkyl, aryl or aryl(C^ )alkyl. The term "halogen" as used herein includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, especially chlorine. The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of formula I above. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of formula I which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of formula I. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985. Where the compounds according to the invention have at least one asymmetric centre, they may accordingly exist as enantiomers. Where the compounds according to the invention possess two or more asymmetric centres, they may additionally exist as diastereoisomers. It is to be understood that all such isomers and mixtures thereof are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Suitably, the substituent R represents hydrogen or methyl, especially hydrogen. Suitably, the substituent R 1 represents hydrogen. Suitable values for the substituent R 2 include ! _ 6 alkyl, aryl, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryloxy(C^ )alkyl, aryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkenyl, aryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkynyl, C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl(C ! _g)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C^- )alkyl or heteroaryl(C 2 _g) lkenyl, any of which groups may be optionally substituted. Examples of optional substituents on the group R _? i•nclude C^_g alkyl, halogen, nitro, C^.g alkoxy, aryloxy and arylcarbonyloxy. Particular values of R 2 include methyl, benzoyloxy-methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, ethylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, nitrophenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, chlorobenzyl, phenethyl, phenoxy- ethyl, phenylethenyl, chloro-phenylethenyl, methoxy- phenylethenyl, phenylethynyl, tetrahydrofuryl-ethyl, indolyl, benzofuryl, benzthienyl, furylethyl, ethyl- furylethyl, thienylethenyl and methyl-furylethenyl. Suitable values for the substituents R 3 , R 4 and R 5 include hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, amino, C^_g alkylamino, di(C 1 _ 6 )alkylamino, C^g alkyl, C ! _g alkoxy, aryl(C ! _g)alkoxy and C 2 _ 6 alkylcarbonyl. Particular values include hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy and benzyloxy. Particular values of R 6 include hydrogen, methoxy, phenyl, chlorophenyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, thienyl, chloro and bromo. One sub-class of compounds according to the invention is represented by the compounds of formula IIA, and salts and prodrugs thereof: ( I IA) wherein E represents -(CH 2 ) n -, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-; n is zero, l, 2 or 3; -X-Y- represents -CH 2 -CH- or -CH=C-; W represents a group of formula (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) , (v) or (vi) : ( l) (ID (II!) ( Iv) (v) (v i ) in which V represents oxygen, sulphur or NH; and R 13 and R independently represent hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, amino, C j _ alkylamino, di(Cι_g) alkylamino, C^g alkyl, C^g alkoxy, aryl (C j .g) alkoxy or C 2 _g alkylcarbonyl. Particular values of R 13 include hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and benzyloxy. Particular values of R 17 include hydrogen, chloro, methyl, methoxy and nitro. A particular subset of the compounds of formula IIA as defined above is represented by the compounds of formula IIB, and salts and prodrugs thereof: (MB) wherein n, X, Y, R 13 and R 17 are as defined with reference to formula IIA above. Another sub-class of compounds according to the invention is represented by the compounds of formula IIC, and salts and prodrugs thereof: ( I ic) wherein U represents -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or -CH 0-; and X, Y, R 13 and R 17 are as defined with reference to formula IIA above. A particular subset of the compounds of formula IIC as defined above comprises those compounds wherein U represents -CH=CH-, in particular in the (E) con iguration. A further sub-class of compounds according to the invention is represented by the compounds of formula IID, and salts and prodrugs thereof: ( I ID) wherein R 1 is as defined with reference to formula IIA above; and R 16 represents hydrogen, halogen, C^_ alkyl, c ι-6 alkoxy, aryl, halo-aryl, aryloxy, aryl (C^g) alkyl, aryl (Cι_g) alkoxy or heteroaryl. Particular values of R 16 include hydrogen, methoxy, phenyl, chlorophenyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, thienyl, chloro and bromo. Specific compounds within the scope of the present invention include: 3- (1 , 2 , 3 , 4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl) ethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; 3-[4- (2-phenylethyl) piperidin-l-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 , 3- b]pyridine; 3-(4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrid-l-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-phenylethenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrid-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2 ,3,6-tetrahydropyrid-l-yl]methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(naphth-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l-yl]methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(lH-indol-5-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- y1]methy1-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzofuran-5-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzofuran-6-yl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzothiophen-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methy1-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-phenylethynyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 ,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-y1]methy1-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-(furan-2-yl)ethyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl] ethy1-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(4-ethyl-l,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridin-l-yl)methy1-1H- pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridine; 3-(4-benzoyloxymethyl-l, 2 , 3 , 6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl) ethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; (E) -3-[4-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl) ethenyl) -1, 2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; 3-(4-phenoxymethyl-l,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridin-l-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridine; (E) -3-[4-(2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl) ethenyl) -1, 2 ,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-l-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridine; 3-(6-phenyl-l, 2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolo[2, 3- ]pyridine; 3-(6-methoxy-l , 2, 3 ,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; 3-(7-phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridine; 3-(7-benzyloxy-l,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridine; 3-[7-(thiophen-3-yl) -1,2,3, -tetrahydroisoquinolin-2- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[6-(4-chlorophenyl) -1,2, 3 , 4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2- y1]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; 3-(5-phenyl-l,2,3 , 4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methy1-1H- pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; 3-(5-benzyloxy-l,2, 3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridine; > 3-(5-phenoxy-l, 2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2 , 3-b]pyridine; and salts and prodrugs thereof. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of this invention in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably these compositions are in unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, metered aerosol or liquid sprays, drops, ampoules, auto-injector devices or suppositories; for oral, parenteral, intranasal, sublingual or rectal administration, or for administration by inhalation or insufflation. Alternatively, the compositions may be presented in a form suitable for once-weekly or once- monthly administration; for example, an insoluble salt of the active compound, such as the decanoate salt, may be adapted to provide a depot preparation for intramuscular injection. For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. When referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention. The tablets or pills of the novel composition can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of materials can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate. The liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavoured syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavoured emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles. Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl- pyrrolidone or gelatin. In the treatment of schizophrenia, a suitable dosage level is about 0.01 to 250 mg/kg per day, preferably about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg per day, and especially about 0.05 to 5 mg/kg per day. The compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day. The compounds in accordance with the present invention may be prepared by a process which comprises reacting a compound of formula III with a compound of formula IV: ( I I I ) ( I V ) wherein R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above, Q 1 represents the residue of a moiety of formula Qa to Qc as defined above, and RP corresponds to the group R as defined above or represents a suitable protecting group; in the presence of a substantially equimolar amount of formaldehyde; followed, where required, by removal of the protecting group RP; and subsequently, if necessary, N- alkylation by standard methods to introduce the moiety R. The reaction is conveniently carried out by stirring the reactants in aqueous acetic acid, ideally in the presence of a buffer such as sodium acetate trihydrate, suitably at room temperature. The formaldehyde may be utilised in the form of parafor aldehyde; or as a solution of formaldehyde in an inert solvent, e.g. 37% aqueous formaldehyde. The protecting group RP , when present, is suitably an acyl moiety such as acetyl, which can conveniently be removed as necessary by treatment under strongly basic conditions, e.g. sodium methoxide in methanol. Alternatively, the protecting group RP may be a carbamoyl moiety such as t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) , which can conveniently be removed as necessary by treatment under mildly acidic conditions. In an alternative procedure, the compounds according to the present invention may be prepared by a process which comprises reacting a compound of formula IV as defined above with a compound of formula V: (V) wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R p are as defined above, and L represents a suitable leaving group; followed, where required, by removal of the protecting group RP; and subsequently, if necessary, N-alkylation by standard methods to introduce the moiety R. The leaving group L is suitably a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine or bromine; or a dialkylamino group, e.g. dimethylamino. When L represents a halogen atom, the reaction between compounds IV and V is conveniently carried out by stirring the reactants under basic conditions in a suitable solvent, for example potassium carbonate in N,N- dimethylformamide, or triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile. Where L represents a dialkylamino group, the reaction is conveniently effected by heating the reactants in an inert solvent such as toluene, typically at the reflux temperature of the solvent. Where they are not commercially available, the starting materials of formula III, IV and V may be prepared by procedures analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples, or by standard methods well known from the art. It will be appreciated that any compound of formula I initially obtained from any of the above processes may, where appropriate, subsequently be elaborated into a further desired compound of formula I using techniques known from the art. For example, a compound of formula I wherein R is hydrogen initially obtained may be converted into a compound of formula I wherein R represents C^ alkyl by standard alkylation techniques, such as by treatment with an alkyl iodide, e.g. methyl iodide, typically under basic conditions, e.g. sodium hydride in dimethylformamide, or triethylamine in acetonitrile. Where the above-described processes for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention give rise to mixtures of stereoisomers, these isomers may be separated by conventional techniques such as preparative chromatography. The compounds may be prepared in racemic form, or individual enantiomers may be prepared either by enantiospecific synthesis or by resolution. The compounds may, for example, be resolved into their component enantiomers by standard techniques such as preparative HPLC, or the formation of diastereomeric pairs by salt formation with an optically active acid, such as (-)-di-p-toluoyl-d-tartaric acid and/or (+)-di-p-toluoyl-1-tartaric acid, followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free base. The compounds may also be resolved by formation of diastereomeric esters or amides, followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary. During any of the above synthetic sequences it may be necessary and/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J.F.W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T.W. Greene & P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons, 1991. The protecting groups may be removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known from the art. The following Examples illustrate the preparation of compounds according to the invention. The compounds useful in this invention potently inhibit [ 3 H]-spiperone binding to human dopamine D4 receptor subtypes expressed in clonal cell lines. [ 3 H]-Spiperone Binding Studies Clonal cell lines expressing the human dopamine D 4 receptor subtype were harvested in PBS and then lysed in 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 buffer containing 5 mM MgS0 4 for 20 in on ice. Membranes were centrifuged at 50,000g for 15 min at 4*C and the resulting pellets resuspended in assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 containing 5 mM EDTA, 1.5 mM CaCl 2 , 5 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM KCl, 120 mM NaCl, and 0.1% ascorbic acid) at 20 mg/ml wet weight. Incubations were carried out for 60 min at room temperature (22 C) in the presence of 0.05-2 nM [ 3 H]-spiperone or 0.2 nM for displacement studies and were initiated by addition of 20-100 μg protein in a final assay volume of 0.5 ml. The incubation was terminated by rapid filtration over GF/B filters presoaked in 0.3% PEI and washed with 10 ml ice- cold 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4. Specific binding was determined by 10 μM apomorphine and radioactivity determined by counting in a LKB beta counter. Binding parameters were determined by non-linear least squares regression analysis, from which the inhibition constant Ki could be calculated for each test compound. The compounds of the accompanying Examples were tested in the above assay, and all were found to possess a Kj_ value for displacement of [ 3 H]-spiperone from the human dopamine D 4 receptor subtype of below 1.5 μM. EXA FLE 1 3-(1.2.3.4-Tetrahvdroisoπninolin-2-vl)methvl-lH-Pvrrolo r2.3-b1pyridine 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (1.37g, lO.Ommol) was dissolved in acetic acid (4ml) and water (2ml). 37% Aqueous formaldehyde (0.9ml, 12mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for five minutes, lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1.18g, 9.99mmol) added and the resulting solution stirred at room temperature for 20h. The reaction mixture was poured into 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (50ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50ml). The combined extracts were washed with water (50ml) and brine (50ml). The organic phase was dried (MgS0 4 ) and concentrated in vacuo to give a lemon solid. Recrystallisation from toluene gave the title compound (0.935g, 36%), as an off-white solid, m.p. 190-192°C; (Found: C, 77.51; H, 6.50; N, 15.57. C 17 H 17 N 3 requires C, 77.54; H, 6.51; N, 15.96%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.68 (2H, t, J 7.8Hz, CH 2 ), 2.77 (2H, d, J 7.5Hz, CH 2 ), 3.55 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.79 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 6.97-7.07 (5H, m, ArH), 7.41 (IH, d, J 1.8Hz, ArH), 8.03 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 1.5Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 11.48 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 264 (M+D+. Prepared in an analogous manner were: EXAMPLE 2 3-f4-r2-Phenvlethvnpiperidin-l-yl)methvI-lH-Pyrrolor2.3-bl nvridine. M.p. 162-163°C (PhMe); (Found: C, 79.29; H, 7.97; N, 12.93. C 21 H 25 N 3 requires C, 78.96; H, 7.89; N, 13.15%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.15 (3H, m, 3 x piperidinyl H), 1.48 (2H, m, 2 x piperidinyl H), 1.64 (2H, m, CH 2 CH 2 Ph), 1.85 (2H, t, J 10.2Hz, 2 x piperidinyl H), 2.56 (2H, t, J 8Hz, CH 2 CH 2 Ph), 2.83 (2H, d, J 11.2Hz, 2 x piperidinyl H), 3.57 (2H, s, CH 2 N), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.6Hz, 5- H), 7.12-7.17 (3H, m, ArH), 7.23-7.30 (3H, m, ArH), 8.00 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 1.5Hz, 4-H), 8.80 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 11.39 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 320 (M+D+. EXAMPLE 3 3-f4-Phenvl-1.2.3.fi-tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvl-lH- pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine M.p. 177-179°C (MeOH); (Found: C, 78.60; H, 6.80; N, 14.54. C 19 H 19 N 3 requires C, 78.86; H, 6.62; N, 14.52%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.45 (2H, br s, CH 2 ), 2.66 (2H, t, J 5.6Hz, CH 2 ), 3.09 (2H, d, J 3.2Hz, CH 2 ), 3.74 (2H, s, CH 2 N), 6.15 (IH, m, CH), 7.03 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.6Hz, 5-H), 7.19-7.26 (IH, m, ArH), 7.30-7.32 (2H, m, ArH), 7.38-7.41 (3H, m, ArH), 8.03 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 1.5Hz, 4-H), 8.19 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 11.46 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 290 (M+D*. EXA PLE 4 (g)-3-(4-r2-Phenylethenyl1-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropyridin-l- yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine A solution of (_E)-4-(2-phenylethenyl)-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (204mg, l.lmmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b] pyridine (192mg, l.lmmol) [prepared by the method of M.M. Robison and B.L. Robison, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 22, 457] in toluene (15ml) was stirred under reflux for 24h. The hot solution was filtered and the filtrate allowed to cool, giving the title compound (196mg, 55%) as a pale brown solid, m.p. 210- 212°C; (Found: C, 80.43; H, 6.45; N, 13.18. C 21 H 21 N 3 0. O.lPhMe requires: C, 80.31; H, 6.74; N, 12.95%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.42 (2H, br s, 3'-CH 2 ), 2.72-2.75 (2H, m, 2'-CH 2 ), 3.20 (2H, br s, 6'-CH 2 ), 3.83 (2H, s, CH 2 N), 5.82 (IH, br s, CH=CR), 6.44 (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, CH=CHPh), 6.78 (IH, d, J 16.3Hz, CH=CHJPh), 7.07-7.10 (IH, m, 5- H), 7.17-7.21 (IH, m, ArH), 7.26-7.31 (3H, m, ArH), 7.38-7.40 (2H, m, ArH), 8.09 (IH, dd, J 7.9, 1.5Hz, 4-H), 8.31 (IH, dd, J 4.8, 1.5Hz, 4-H), and 9.31 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 316 (M+D + . EXAMPLE 5 3-(4-Phenvlethvl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvl- lH-pγrrQlor2.3-b1pyridine M.p. 121-122°C (MeOH); (Found: C, 79.06; H, 7.28; N, 13.27. C 21 H 23 N 3 requires C, 79.46; H, 7.30; N, 13.24%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.02 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.19 (2H, t, J 7.8Hz, CH CH Ph) 2.49-2.52 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 2.65 (2H, t, J 8.0Hz, CH 2 ), 2.85 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.65 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ar), 5.34 (IH, s, CH=CR), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.6Hz, 5-H), 7.13-7.19 (3H, m, ArH), 7.23-7.27 (2H, m, ArH), 7.33 (IH, d, J 2.2Hz, 2-H), 7.99 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 1.3Hz, 4-H), 8.18 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 11.42 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 318 (M+D+. EXAMPLE 6 3-(4-Naphthalen-2-yl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropyτidin-l- yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine Step 1: l-(4-Hvdroxy-4-naphthalen-2-yl-piperidin-l- vPethanone 2-Bromonaphthalene (24.75g, 0.12mol) in tetrahydrofuran (180ml) was slowly added to magnesium (2.9g, 0.12mol) in tetrahydrofuran (20ml) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for one hour. The resultant solution was slowly added to l-acetyl-4-piperidone (16.9g, 0.12mol) in tetrahydrofuran (200ml) at -78°C, and then allowed to stir to room temperature. The white suspension formed was hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid (120ml, 1M) and the organic layer removed and concentrated in υacuo. The residue was taken up in dichlorome thane, dried (MgS0 4 ), and concentrated to leave a clear oil. Trituration of this oil with diethyl ether gave l-(4-hydroxy-4-naphthalen-2-yl-piperidin-l-yl)ethanone (13.92g, 43%) as a white solid; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.90 (4H, m, 2 x piperidinyl CH 2 ), 2.10 (2H, m, piperidinyl CH 2 ), 2.15 (3H, s, COCH 3 ), 3.20 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.70 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 4.60 (IH, br m, OH), 7.50 (2H, m, ArH), 7.60 (IH, dd, J 9.6, 1.6Hz, ArH), and 7.90 (4H, m, ArH). Step 2: 4-Naphthalen-2-yl-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridine l-(4-Hydroxy-4-naphthalen-2-yl-piperidin-l-yl)ethanone (3.40g, 13mmol) was dissolved in hydrochloric acid (50ml, 6M) and the solution re luxed for 12 hours. The resultant mixture was cooled in ice, basified with sodium hydroxide solution (32ml, 10M) and extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 100ml). The extracts were combined, dried (MgS0 4 ) and concentrated to give 4-naphthalen-2-yl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2.12g, 78%) as a tan solid; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.60 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.20 (2H, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.60 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 6.30 (IH, m, CH=CR), 7.45 (2H, m, ArH), 7.60 (IH, dd, J 8.4, 1.4Hz, ArH), and 7.80 (4H, m, ArH). Step 3: 3-(4-Naphthalen-2-v1-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine 4-Naphthalen-2-yl- 1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (597mg, 2.9mmol) was reacted with 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (500mg, 2.9mmol) as exemplified in Example 4 to give the title compound (619mg, 63%) as tan crystals, m.p. 223-225°C (EtOH); (Found: C, 81.05; H, 6.24; N, 12.19. C j aH^N,, requires C, 81.38; H, 6.24; N, 12.38%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.60 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.72 (2H, t, J 5.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.16 (2H, d, J 2.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.78 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 6.34 (IH, m, CH=CR), 7.04 (IH, dd, J 7.5, 1.5Hz, 5-H), 7.40 (IH, d, J 2.3Hz, ArH), 7.44 (2H, m, ArH), 7.66 (IH, dd, J 1.6, 7.8Hz, ArH), 7.86 (4H, m, ArH), 8.06 (IH, d, J 7.5Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, d, J 1.5Hz, 6- H), and 11.48 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 340 (M+D+. EXAMPLE 7 3-(4-r4-Methoxvphenvl1-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine Step 1: l-(4-Hvdroxy-4-r4-methoxyphenyl1-piperidin-l- yl)ethanς>rκ? 4-Bromoanisole (22.4g, 0.12mol) in tetrahydrofuran (180ml) was slowly added to magnesium (2.9g, 0.12mol) in tetrahydrofiiran (20ml) and the mixture stirred for one hour at room temperature. The solution formed was slowly added to a solution of l-acetyl-4-piperidone (16.9g, 0.12mol) in tetrahydrofuran (200ml) at -78°C, and the suspension produced was stirred to room temperature for 2 hours. Hydrochloric acid (120ml, 1M) was added and the organic phase was separated and concentrated in υacuo. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane (300ml), washed with water (300ml) and dried (MgS0 4 ). Concentration in υacuo and trituration with diethyl ether gave l-[4-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-piperidin-l- yllethanone (14.75g, 50% yield) as a white solid; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.7- 2.1 (4H, m, 2 x piperidinyl CH 2 ), 2.1 (3H, s, COCH 3 ), 3.1 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.6-3.8 (3H, m, piperidinyl H), 3.8 (3H, s, ArOCHg), 4.6 (IH, m, OH), 6.9 (2H, d, J 10Hz, ArH), and 7.4 (2H, d, J 10Hz, ArH). Step 2: 4-(4-Methoxvphenvl)-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridine l-(4-Hydroxy-4-[4-methoxyphenyl]piperidin-l-yl)ethanone (14.75g, 59mmol) was dissolved in hydrochloric acid (250mg, 6M) and refluxed for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled in ice and basified with sodium hydroxide solution (155ml, 10M), then extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 500ml). The extractions were combined, dried (MgS0 4 ), and concentrated in υacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 10% methanol in dichloromethane, containing 1% aqueous ammonia. Concentration of the appropriate fractions gave 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2.65g, 24%) as a tan solid; δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.3 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.9 (2H, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.4 (2H, d, J 3.4Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.7 (3H, s, ArOCHs), 6.1 (IH, m, CH=CR), 6.9 (2H, d, J 9.6Hz, ArH), 7.3 (2H, d, J 9.6Hz, ArH), and 9.6 (IH, br s, NH). Step 3: 3-(4-r4-Methoxvphenvl1-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin- l-yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (540mg, 2.8mmol) was reacted with 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (500mg, 2.8mmol) as in Example 4 to give the title compound (367mg, 41%) as tan crystals, m.p. 202-204°C (iPrOH); (Found: C, 73.51; H, 6.74; N, 12.15. C 20 H 21 N 3 O.0.33 H 2 O.0.2 C 3 H 8 0 requires C, 73.34; H, 6.95; N, 12.45%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.44 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.70 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.10 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.74 (3H, s, ArOCHg), 3.76 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 6.04 (IH, m, CH=CR), 6.90 (2H, d, J 8.6Hz, ArH), 7.04 (IH, dd, J 7.7, 4.6Hz, 5-H), 7.36 (2H, d, J 8.5Hz, ArH), 7.40 (IH, s, 2-H), 8.06 (IH, d, J 7.7Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, d, J 4.6Hz, 6-H), and 11.48 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 320 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 8 3-(4-riH-Indol-5-yll-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine Step 1: 5-Bromo-l-triisopropylsilyl-lH-indole 5-Bromoindole (14.04g, 72mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in oil; 3.04g, 76mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100ml) and the resultant solution stirred for one hour at room temperature. Triisopropylsilyltrifluoromethane sulphonate (23.3g, 76mmol) was added slowly and the solution stirred for a further one hour. The reaction mixture was washed with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried (MgS0 4 ), and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified by flash chromatography, with hexane as eluant, to give 5-bromo-l-triisopropylsilyl-lH-indole (20.0g, 79%) as a clear oil; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.10 (18H, d, J 8.4Hz, 6 x CH 3 ), 2.70 (3H, m, 3 x CH), 6.55 (IH, d, J 3.9Hz, ArH), 7.20 (2H, m, ArH), 7.35 (IH, d, J 8.5Hz, ArH), and 7.75 (IH, d, J 1.4Hz, ArH). Step 2: l-r4-Hvdroxv-4-(l-triisopropvlsilvl-lH-indol-5- YDpipgridin-l-yllethanone 5-Bromo-l-triisopropylsilyl-lH-indole (13.7g, 38.9mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (250ml) at -78°C was treated with t- butyllithium (45.8ml, 77.8mmol, 1.7M solution in pentanes) and stirred at this temperature for 15 minutes. The yellow solution formed was added to l-acetyl-4-piperidone (5.49g, 38.9mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (250ml) at -78°C, and the mixture allowed to warm to room temperature. Hydrochloric acid (40ml, 1M) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 500ml). The extracts were combined, dried (MgS0 4 ) and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using ethyl acetate as eluant, to give l-[4-hydroxy-4-(l- triisopropylsilyl-lH-indol-5-yl)piperidin-l-yl]ethanone (3.39g, 21%) as a white solid; δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.10 (18H, d, J 7.9Hz, 6 x CH 3 ), 1.70 (3H, m, 3 x CH), 2.00 (2H, m, piperidinyl H), 2.05 (3H, s, COCH 3 ), 2.45 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.00 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.30 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.50 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.70 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 4.30 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 5.00 (IH, s, OH), 6.60 (IH, d, J 2.8Hz, ArH), 7.30 (IH, d, J 7.8Hz, ArH), 7.35 (IH, d, J 2.2Hz, ArH), 7.50 (IH, d, J 7.9Hz, ArH), and 7.70 (IH, s, ArH). Step 3: 1-(4-π-Triisopropvlsilvl-lH-indol-5-vl1-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)ethanone l-(4-Hydroxy-4-[l-triisopropylsilyl-lH-indol-5-yl]- piperidin-l-yl)ethanone (3.11g, 7.4mmol) in dichloromethane (100ml) was treated with pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (3.8g, lδ.lmmol) and stirred for 72 hours. The solution was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane (100ml). The extractions were dried (MgS0 4 ), concentrated and the crude product purified by flash chromatography using ethyl acetate as eluant, to give l-(4-[l-triisopropylsilyl-lH-indol-5-yl]-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (1.95g, 66%) as a white solid; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 0.80 (18H, d, J 8.5Hz, 6 x CH 3 ), 1.30 (3H, m, 3 x CH), 1.75 (3H, d, J 6.7Hz, COCH 3 ), 2.30 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.25 (IH, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.40 (IH, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.75 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridyl H), 3.85 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridyl H), 5.60 (IH, m, CH=CR), 6.20 (IH, d, J 2.2Hz, ArH), 6.80 (2H, m, ArH), 7.00 (IH, d, J 7.3Hz, ArH), and 7.20 (IH, m, ArH). Step 4: 5- Q .2.3.6-Tet_rahvdropyridin-4-yl)-lH-indo1e l-(4-[l-Triisopropylsilyl-lH-indol-5-yl]-l,2,3,6-tetrahydro- 2H-pyridin-l-yl)ethanone (1.95g, 4.9mmol) was dissolved in methanol (70ml), treated with potassium hydroxide solution (35ml, 40%), and the mixture heated at 60°C for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x lOOml), and the extracts were combined, dried (MgS0 4 ), and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica, using 10% methanol in dichloromethane containing 1% ammonia as eluant, to give 5- (l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-lH-indole (619mg, 64%) as a yellow solid; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.10 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.60 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.00 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 5.50 (IH, m, CH=CR), 5.90 (IH, s, ArH), 6.60-7.10 (4H, m, ArH). Step 5: 3-(4-riH-Indol-5-yll-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin-l- vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine 5-(l,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-lH-indole (200mg, l.Olmmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine (177mg, l.Olmmol) were coupled as described in Example 4 to give a solid which was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 10% methanol in dichloromethane containing 1% ammonia. Recrystallisation from methanol gave the title compound (115mg, 35%) as a tan solid, m.p. 187-189°C; (Found: C, 73.78; H, 6.34; N, 16.13. C 21 H 20 N 4 .0.75 H 2 0 requires C, 73.77; H, 6.34; N, 16.39%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.68 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.10 (2H, s, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.18 (IH, d, J 4.4Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl H), (other tetrahydropyridinyl H obscured by solvent at 3.30), 3.74 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 6.02 (IH, m, CH=CR), 6.40 (IH, s, ArH), 7.04 (IH, dd, J 7.5, 3.2Hz, 5-H), 7.20 (IH, d, J 8.2Hz, ArH), 7.32 (2H, m, ArH), 7.40 (IH, s, ArH), 7.52 (IH, s, ArH), 8.04 (IH, d, J 7.5Hz, 4-H), 8.18 (IH, d, J 3.2Hz, 6-H), 11.00 (IH, br s, NH), and 11.48 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + . NH 3 ) 329 (M+l) + . EXAMPLE 9 3-(4-Benzofuran-5-vl-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-blpvridine Step 1: 5-Bromobenzofuran A solution of 4-bromophenol (17.3 g, 100 mmol) in dimethylformamide (40 ml) was treated with bromoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (16.9 g, 100 mmol) and potassium carbonate (13.8 g, 100 mmol) and heated at 150 °C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled, poured into water (500 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 100 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgS04), concentrated, and filtered through a plug of silica gel eluting with 10% diethyl ether in hexane. The resulting oil (15 g) was added to a solution of polyphosphoric acid (-12 g) in toluene (100 mL) and heated at 80 °C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled and the toluene layer was decanted off and washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, dried (MgSθ4), concentrated and the residue distilled to give 5-bromobenzofuran (6 g) as a colourless oil, bp. 98°C / 1 mmΗg; δΗ (DMSO-dβ) 6.96 (1Η, m, ArΗ), 7.45 (1Η, m, ArΗ), 7.59 (1Η, m, ArΗ), 7.91 (1Η, m, ArΗ), and 8.05 (1Η, m, ArΗ). Step 2: l-(4-Benzofuran-5-yl-4-hvdroxypiperidin-l- vDethanone The Grignard of 5-bromobenzofuran (1.54 g, 7.8 mmol) was prepared from magnesium (209 mg, 8.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml), initiating the reaction with 1,2- dibromoethane. The Grignard was added to a solution of N- acetyl-4-piperidone (1.21 g, 8.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran at - 78°C resulting in a thick precipitate. The mixture was warmed to room temperature, digested with 2 M hydrochloric acid (10ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgS04), concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate, to give the title product as a colourless oil (750 mg); δH (DMSO-dβ) 1.66 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 1.80 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 2.03 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 2.04 (3H, s, CH 3 CO), 2.95 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.30 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.40 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 3.70 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 4.32 (IH, m, piperidinyl H), 5.14 (IH, s, OH), 6.93 (IH, m, ArH), 7.44 (IH, m, ArH), 7.51 (IH, m, ArH), 7.75 (IH, m, ArH), and 7.95 (IH, m, ArH). Step 3: 4-Benzofuran-5-vl-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridine A solution of l-(4-benzofuran-5-yl-4-hydroxypiperidin-l- yDethanone (650 mg, 2.51 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10ml) was treated with 6 M HC1 (10 mL) and heated at 60 °C for 16 h. The mixture was poured into saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (100ml) and extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 100ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSθ4) and concentrated to give the title product (220 mg) as a semi-solid; δπ (DMSO-dβ) 1.4 - 3.7 (6H, 3 x CH 2 ), 6.16 (IH, m, CH=CR), 6.95 (IH, m, ArH), 7.45 (IH, m, ArH), 7.59 (IH, m, ArH), 7.72 (IH, m, ArH), and 7.99 (IH, m, ArH). Step 4: 3-(Benzofuran-5-yl-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin-1- yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine A suspension of 7-azagramine (180 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 4- benzofuran-5-yl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (200 mg, 1.0 mmol) in toluene (5ml) was heated at 110 °C for 16 h. The resulting hot solution was filtered and allowed to cool. The title compound (180 mg) crystallised and was collected by filtration as a white, crystalline solid, m.p. 168-70°C; (Found: C, 75.02; H, 5.81; N, 12.28. C21H19N3O.O.33.H2O requires C, 75.20; H, 5.91; N, 12.53); δH (DMSO-dβ) 2.50 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 , obscured by solvent), 2.69 (2H, br s, CH2), 3.11 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.76 (2H, s, ArCH^N), 6.12 (IH, br s, CH=CR), 6.91 (IH, s, ArH), 7.03 (IH, m, ArH), 7.40 (2H, m, ArH), 7.51 (IH, m, ArH), 7.64 (IH, s, ArH), 7.95 (IH, m, ArH), 8.04 (IH, m, ArH), 8.20 (IH, m, ArH), and 11.47 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + . NH3) 330 (M+H) + . EXAMPLE 10 3-(4-Benzofuran-6-v1-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-h1pvridine A suspension of 7-azagramine (551 mg, 3.15 mmol) and a 1 : 1 mixture of 4-benzofuran-6-yl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 4-benzofuran-4-yl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (645 mg, 3.24 mmol, produced from 3-bromophenol following the analogous procedure described in Example 9) in toluene (10ml) was heated at 110 °C for 16 h. The resulting hot solution was filtered and cooled. An isomeric mixture of products crystallised from solution and was collected by filtration as a white crystalline solid. The title compound was isolated pure as its trifluoroacetate salt (60 mg) by preparative reversed phase HPLC (Cis column, eluting with 30% MeCN in 1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, required product is the faster eluting of the two products), m.p. 161 - 163 °C (Et2θ); (Found: C, 59.73; H, 4.35; N, 9.13. C21H19N3O.CF 3 CO 2 H.H2O requires C, 59.87; H, 4.81; N, 9.11); δH (DMSO-dβ) 2.86 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.38 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.74 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 3.89 (2 H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl H), 4.60 (2H, br s, ArCH2N), 6.25 (IH, br s, CH=CR), 6.95 (IH, s, ArH), 7.21 (IH, m, ArH), 7.40 (IH, m, ArH), 7.64 (IH, m, ArH), 7.70 (IH, s, ArH), 7.76 (IH, br s, ArH), 8.00 (IH, br s, ArH), 8.25 (IH, m, ArH), 8.31 (IH, m, ArH), and 9.88 (IH, br s, NH + ), and 12.07 (IH, bs, NH); m/z (CI+, NH3) 330 (M+H) + . EXAMPLE U 3-(4-rBenzothiophen-2-vn-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- yl)methvl-lH-pyιrolor2.3-b1pyridine Step 1; l-BenzyH-(benzQthipphen-2-vlH,2,3,6- tetrahvdrppyridine To a solution of benzothiophene (3g, 22.4mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50ml) at -10°C under nitrogen was added n-butyllithium (9.83ml of a 2.5M solution in toluene), the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to -40°C and 1-benzyl- 4-piperidone (4.23g, 22.4mmol) added, allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 14 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated in υacuo and trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) added. This mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 hr and then concentrated in υacuo. The product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 100ml) from aqueous potassium carbonate. The organic layer was washed with water (1 x 50ml), brine ( 1 x 50ml) and dried (MgS0 4 ). After concentration of the extracts the crude product was purified using silica gel column chromatography to yield the title compound (4.2g, 68%) as a colourless oil; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.64 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.74 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.18 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.65 (2H, s, PhCH 2 N), 6.18 (IH, m, CH=CR), 7.11 (IH, s, 3'-H), and 7.24-7.73 (9H, m, Ar-H). Step 2: 4-(Benzothiophen-2-vl)-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridine Hvdrochloride To a solution of l-benzyl-4-(benzothiophen-2-yl)-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (4g, 13.1mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (50ml) at 0°C under nitrogen was added 2- chloroethylchloroformate (1.84ml, 17.0mmol) and the mixture stirred for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated in υacuo and methanol (20ml) added and the solution heated to reflux for 1 hr. After cooling the title compound was collected by filtration (2.2g, 67%), m.p. 269°C (dec). Step 3; 3-(4-(Benzothiophen-2-vI)-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine Reaction of 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine and 4-(benzothiophen-2-yl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in an analogus manner to Example 4 gave the title compound, m.p. 241-246°C (dec); (Found: C, 72.85; H, 5.54; N, 12.06; C 21 H 19 N 3 S requires C, 73.01; H, 5.54; N, 12.16%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.51 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.67 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.14 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.76 (2H, s, CH 2 N), 6.19 (IH, br s, CH=CR), 7.03 (IH, m, ArH), 7.31 (2H, m, 3'-H and ArH), 7.74 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 7.86 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 8.05 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 8.20 (IH, m, ArH), and 11.45 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 346 (M+D + . EXAMPLE 12 3-(4-rBenzofiιran-2-vll-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdropvridin-l- vl)methvlpvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine Step 1; 4-(Benzofuran-2-vl)-l-benzvl-4-hvdroxvpiperidine To a solution of benzofuran (4g, 33.9mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (90ml) at -10°C was slowly added a solution of n-butyllithium (2.5M in hexanes, 13.6ml, 34mmol), keeping the temperature at -10°C. The reaction was stirred and allowed to warm to room temperature over 1 hr, after which a solution of 1- benzyl-4-piperidone (6.3ml, 34mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30ml) was added dropwise. Stirring was continued for 2 hr at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (75ml) and ethyl acetate (3 x 100ml). The combined organics were dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate, to give 4- (benzofuran-2-yl)-l-benzyl-4-hydroxypyridine (7.5g, 75%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.96-2.00 (2H, m, piperidinyl CH 2 ), 2.21-2.29 (2H, m, piperidinyl CH 2 ), 2.44 (IH, t, J 6.2Hz, piperidinyl CH), 2.56 (2H, dt, J 11.1, 2.7Hz, piperidinyl CH 2 ), 2.64-2.68 (3H, m, piperidinyl CH 2 , OH), 2.73 (IH, t, J 6.2Hz, piperidinyl CH), 3.55 (2H, s, PhCH 2 N), 6.58 (IH, s, 3'-H), 7.19-7.34 (7H, m, ArH), 7.44 (IH, d, J 7.3Hz, ArH), and 7.52 ( IH, d, J 6.6Hz, ArH). Sten 2: 2-fl-Benzvl-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-4- vDbenzofuran A mixture of the preceding alcohol (2g, 6.5mmol) and 4- toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (1.2g, 6.6mmol) in toluene (100ml) was refluxed under Dean and Stark conditions for 2 hrs. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane (3 x 100ml) and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100ml). The combined organics were dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to yield the title compound (1.2g, 64%). An analytical sample was recrystallised from ether to give 2-(l- benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)benzofuran, m.p. 139- 140°C; (Found: C, 82.40; H, 6.43; N, 4.67. C 20 H 19 NO.0.1H 2 O requires C, 82.50; H, 6.65; N, 4.81%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.55 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.74 (2H, t, J 5.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.24 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.67 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ph), 6.48-6.52 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-CH, 3 * -H), 7.14-7.42 (8H, m, ArH), and 7.49 (IH, d, J 7.5Hz, ArH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ), 290 (M+I Step 3: 4-(Benzofuran-2-vl)-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvririine To a solution of the foregoing tetrahydropyridine (l.lg, 3.8mmol) in dichloromethane (50ml) at 0°C was added 1- chloroethylchloroformate (493μl, 4.6mmol), keeping the temperature below 0°C. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature over 1 hr, after which the solvent was evaporated. Methanol (50ml) was added to the residue and the mixture heated under reflux for 2 hrs. The solvent was removed by evaporation, and the residue chromatographed on silica, eluting with dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia (90:10:1), to yield the title compound as a buff solid (600mg, 79%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.44-2.48 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.14 (2H, t, J 5.8Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.60-3.63 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 6.54-6.58 (2H, m, CH=CR, 3'-H), 7.16-7.26 (2H, m, 5'-H, 6'- H), 7.42 (IH, d, J 7.8Hz, 7'-H), and 7.50 (IH, d, J 7.2Hz, 4'-H). Step 4; 3-(4-rBenzofuran-2-v1-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- vl)methv1pvrrolor2.3-blpvridine Prepared from 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine by the method outlined in Example 4; m.p. 202-204°C (DMF/MeOH); (Found: C, 76.12; H, 5.78; N, 12.46. C 2l H 19 N 3 O.0.1H 2 O requires C, 76.16; H, 5.84; N, 12.69%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.46 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.68 (2H, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.16 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.77 (2H, s, NCH- j Ar), 6.44 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-CH), 6.78 (IH, s, 3'-H), 7.01-7.05 (IH, m, ArH), 7.19-7.27 (2H, m, ArH), 7.40 (IH, s, 2-H), 7.50 (IH, d, J 8.3Hz, ArH), 7.57 (IH, d, J 8.3Hz, ArH), 8.04 (IH, dd, 7.8, 1.2Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 11.48 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 330 (MH EXAMPLE 13 3-r4-Phenylethvnyl-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin-l- vnmethylpyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine M.p. 198-200°C (MeOH); (Found: C, 80.23; H, 6.01; N, 13.03. C 21 H 19 N 3 requires C, 80.48; H, 6.11; N, 13.41%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.25 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.58 (2H, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.16-3.17 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.73 (2H, s, NCHsAr), 6.14 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-CH), 7.02-7.05 (IH, m, ArH), 7.34-7.42 (6H, m, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J 6.5Hz, ArH), 8.19 (IH, dd, J 4.7, 1.6Hz, 6-H), and 11.44 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 314 (M+1K EXAMPLE 14 (g)-3-(4-r2-(Thien-3-yl)ethenyll-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin- l-vl)methvlpvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine M.p. 215-217°C (MeOH); (Found: C, 71.15; H, 5.92; N, 12.78. C 19 H 19 N 3 S requires C, 70.99; H, 5.96; N, 13.07%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.26 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.61 (2H, t, J 5.6Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.05 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.72 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ar), 5.81 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-CH), 6.47 (IH, d, J 16.2Hz, CCH=CH), 6.72 (IH, d, J 16.2Hz, CH=CH_Ar), 7.01-7.04 (IH, m, ArH), 7.33- 7.37 (2H, m, ArH), 7.42 (IH, br s, ArH), 7.48-7.50 (IH, m, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J 6.7Hz, ArH), and 8.19 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.4Hz, 6-H); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 322 (M+D+, 339 (M+NH 4 +). EXAMPLE 15 (7(:)-3-(4-r2-(2-Chlorophenvl)e henvll-1.2.3.β- tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvlpvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine M.p. 174-176°C (xylene); (Found: C, 71.38; H, 5.62; N, 11.70. C 21 H 20 ClN 3 .0.2H 2 O requires C, 71.36; H, 5.82; N, 11.89%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.31 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.64 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.08 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.74 (2H, s, NCHaAr), 5.98 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-CH), 6.70 (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, CH=CHAr), 6.94 (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, CH=CHAr), 7.01-7.05 (IH, m, ArH), 7.23- 7.32 (2H, m, ArH), 7.37-7.43 (2H, m, ArH), 7.72 (IH, d, J 6.7Hz, ArH), 8.03 (IH, d, J 7.7Hz, ArH), 8.19 (IH, br s, ArH), and 11.46 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 350 ( +l) + . EXAMPLE 16 (7g)-3-(4-r2-(4-Chlorophenvl)ethenvn-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvlpvrrolor2.3-blpvridine M.p. 214-217°C (xylene); (Found: C, 71.34; H, 5.87; N, 11.60. C 21 H 20 ClN 3 .0.2H2θ requires C, 71.36; H, 5.82; N, 11.89%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.29 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.61 (2H, t, J 5.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.07 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.73 (2H, s, NCHAr), 5.91 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-CH), 6.44 (IH, d, J 16.3Hz, CH=CHAr), 6.90 (IH, d, J 16.3Hz, CH=CHAr), 7.01-7.04 (IH, m, ArH), 7.34- 7.38 (3H, , ArH), 7.48 (2H, d, J 8.5Hz, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J 7.8Hz, ArH), 8.15-8.19 (IH, m, ArH), and 11.45 (IH, bs, NH); m/z CI + , NH 3 ) 350 (M+l) + . EXAMPLE 17 (^)-3-(4-r2-(Thien-2-yl)ethenvn-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin- l-yl)methylpyrrolor2.3-blpyridine M.p. 202-204°C (MeOH); (Found: C, 70.59; H, 5.94; N, 12.20. C 19 H 19 N 3 S requires C, 70.99; H, 5.96; N, 13.07%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.26 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.60 (2H, t, J 5.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.05 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.72 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ar), 5.85 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-H), 6.58 (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, CH=CHAr), 6.64 (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, CH=CHAr), 6.98-7.07 (3H, m, ArH), 7.37 (2H, br s, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J 6.4Hz, ArH), 8.19 (IH, d, J 3.1Hz, ArH), and 11.42 (IH, br s, NH). EXAMPLE 18 3-(4-r2-(Furan-2-vl)ethvll-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-l- vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine Step 1: l-(Pyridin-4-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)ethene A solution of 4-methylpyridine (15g, O.lβmol) in acetic anhydride (100ml) was treated with 2-furaldehyde (15.5g, O.lβmol) and heated at reflux for 16 hr. The solvent was evaporated to give a black oil which was treated with water (30ml) and stirred for 30 mins at room temperature. Ethyl acetate (150ml) and saturated sodium carbonate (100ml) were then added and the stirring continued for 30 mins. The supernatant was decanted to leave a black oily residue which was retained (A). From the decanted solvents the organic phase was separated, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and evaporated to give a black oil (B). The oily residue (A) was dissolved in dichloromethane (150ml), washed with saturated sodium carbonate solution (100ml), dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and evaporated to give a black oil which was combined with oil (B). The mixture was chromatographed on silica gel with a gradient of ethyl acetate in hexane (50% - 100%) as eluant to afford the title compound as a brown solid (9.8g, 36%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 6.58-6.64 (IH, m, furanyl H), 6.66- 6.72 (IH, m, furanyl H), 6.96 (IH, d, J 17.5Hz, ArCH=CHAr ), 7.42 (IH, d, J 17.5Hz, ArCH=CHAr'), 6.50-6.58 (2H, m, pyridinyl CH), 7.78-7.82 (IH, m, furanyl H), and 8.50-8.51 (2H, m, pyridinyl H). Step 2: l-(Pyridin-4-vl)-2.(furan-2-vl)ethane A solution of l-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)ethene (8g, 46.8mmol) in methanol (200ml) was treated with ammonium formate (14.7g, 234.0mmol). 10% Palladium on charcoal catalyst (400mg, 5% (w/w)) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux for five hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the solvent evaporated. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to give a beige oil. This material was chromatographed on silica gel with a gradient of ethyl acetate in hexane (50%- 100%) as eluant to afford the title compound as a colourless oil (2.5g, 31%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.94-3.06 (4H, m, 2 x CH 2 ), 6.06-6.12 (IH, m, furanyl H), 6.32-6.38 (IH, m, furanyl H), 7.20-7.28 (2H, m, pyridinyl H), 7.50-7.56 (IH, m, furanyl H), and 8.40-8.50 (2H, m, pyridinyl H). Step 3: l-Benzyl-4-(2-rfuran-2-vl1ethvl)-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropvridine A solution of l-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)ethane (2g, ll.βmmol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (5ml) was treated with benzyl bromide (1.5ml, 12.7mmol) and the reaction stirred at room temperature for one hour. The reaction was diluted with ethanol (50ml), treated with sodium borohydride (0.55g, 14.5mmol) and heated at reflux for one hour. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic was separated, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and evaporated to give crude product as a yellow oil. This material was triturated with diethyl ether to afford the title compound (2.3g, 68%) as a colourless solid; δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.92-2.10 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.14-2.30 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 2.36-2.50 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 2.60-2.82 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.84-2.90 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.50 (2H, br s, PhCH 2 N), 5.32- 5.44 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-H), 6.02-6.10 (IH, m, furanyl H), 6.30-6.36 (IH, m, furanyl H), 7.16-7.36 (5H, m, ArH), and 7.44-7.52 (IH, m, furanyl H); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 268 (M+D + . Step 4: 4-(2-rFuran-2-yl1ethvl)-1.2.3.5-tetrahvdropvridine A cooled (0°C) solution of l-benzyl-4-(2-[furan-2-yl]ethyl)- 1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine d.8g, 6.8mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (20ml) was treated with 1- chloroethylchloroformate (0.95ml, 8.8mmol) dropwise. The mixttire was stirred for 1 hr at 0°C. The solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in methanol (60ml). This solution was heated at reflux for one hour whereupon the solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and evaporated to give the title compound (867mg, 72%) as a colourless oil; δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.84-1.96 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.16-2.30 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 2.64-2.80 (4H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 and CH 2 ), 3.06-3.10 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 5.40-5.46 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-H), 6.06-6.12 (IH, m, furanyl H), 6.32-6.38 (IH, m, furanyl H), and 7.48-7.56 (IH, m, furanyl H). Sten 5: 3-(4-r2-(Fnran-2-vl)ethvll-1.2.3.β- tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvI-lH-pvrrolor2.3-blpvridine A solution of 4-(2-[furan-2-yl]ethyl)-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (506mg, 2.86mmol) and 3- dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (500mg, 2.86mmol) in toluene (10ml) was stirred at reflux for 10 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue chromatographed with 3% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title compound (200mg, 23%) as a colourless solid, m.p. 105°C; (Found: C, 73.84; H, 6.72; N, 13.31. C 19 H 21 N 3 0 requires C, 74.24; H, 6.89; N, 13.67); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.00-2.06 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.22 (2H, t, J 7.7Hz, CH 2 ), 2.48-2.54 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 2.68 (2H, t, J 7.3Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.84-2.89 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.66 (2H, s, NCHsAr), 5.34-5.38 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-H), 6.06 (IH, d, J 2.9Hz, furanyl 3-H), 6.31 (IH, dd, J 3.0, 1.9Hz, furanyl 4-H), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.6Hz, 5-H), 7.32 (IH, d, J 2.3Hz, furanyl 5- H), 7.46 (IH, d, J 3.0Hz, 2-H), 7.99 (IH, m, dd, J 7.8, 4.1Hz, 4- H), 8.18 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.4Hz, 6-H), and 11.38 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 308 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 19 3-(4-r2-fTetrahvdrofiιran-2-yl)ethyll-1.2.3.β- tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine Step 1: 4-(2-rTetrahvdrofuran-2-yllethyl)pyridine A solution of l-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)ethene (15.0g, 87.7mmol) [Example 18, Step 1] in methanol (300ml) was treated with ammonium formate (27.6g, 438.5mmol) and 10% palladium on charcoal catalyst (1.5g, 10% (w/w)). The mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent was evaporated in υacuo. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo. The residue was chromatographed with 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate as eluant to afford the title compound as a colourless oil (3.0g, 19%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.35-1.50 (IH, m, tetrahydrofuranyl H), 1.70-2.00 (5H, m, CH 2 and 3 x tetrahydrofuranyl H), 2.54- 2.76 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 3.54-3.82 (3H, m, tetrahydrofuranyl H), 7.22 (2H, d, J 7.1Hz, ArH), and 8.46 (2H, d J 7.0Hz, ArH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 178 (M+l)+. Step 2: l-Benzyl-4-(2-rtetrahvdrofuran-2-yl1ethyl)-1.2.3.β- tetrahvdropvridine A solution of 4-(2-[tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]ethyl)pyridine (3.0g, 16.9mmol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (5ml) was treated with benzyl bromide (2.2ml, 18.6mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The reaction was diluted with absolute ethanol (100ml), treated with sodium borohydride (0.8g, 21.2mmol) and stirred at reflux for one hour. The solvent was evaporated in υacuo and the residue partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo. The residue was chromatographed with 3% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title compound (3.75g, 82%) as a colourless oil; δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.30-2.08 (8H, m, 4 x CH 2 ), 2.45-2.52 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.52-2.56 (2H, m, CH 2 ), 2.60-2.66 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.50 (2H, s, PhCH 2 N), 3.52-3.80 (3H, m, tetrahydrofuranyl CH 2 and CH), 5.50-5.55 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-H), and 7.20-7.34 (5H, m, ArH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 272 (M+D+. Step 3: 3-(4-r2-(Tetrahvdrofuran-2-vl)ethvn-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine A solution of the foregoing compound (3.75g, 13.8mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (150ml) was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of 1-chloroethylchloroformate (1.94ml, lδ.Ommol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (50ml). After stirring at room temperature for one hour, the solvent was evaporated and the residue redissolved in methanol (200ml). This solution was stirred at reflux for two hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to afford the crude product (2.49g, 99.6%) as a gummy solid. A solution of the crude tetrahydropyridine (517mg, 2.86mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- blpyridine (500mg, 2.86mmol) in toluene (10ml) was stirred at reflux for 10 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue chromatographed with 3% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title compound (175mg, 20%) as a colourless solid, m.p. 70-72°C; (Found: C, 72.29; H, 7.86; N, 13.97. C 19 H 25 N 3 O.0.2δH 2 O requires C, 72.23; H, 8.13; N, 13.30); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.30-1.60 (3H, m, 3 x tetrahydrofuranyl H), 1.70-2.08 (7H, m, 1 x tetrahydrofuranyl H, CH 2 CH 2 and 1 x tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.δ0 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 under DMSO peak), 2.86 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.δ0-3.76 (δH, m, ArCH 2 N and 3 x tetrahydrofuranyl H), δ.30- δ.36 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.6Hz, δ-H), 7.33 (IH, d, J 2.2Hz, 2-H), 7.98 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 1.1Hz, 4-H), 8.18 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.1Hz, 6-H), and 11.42 (IH, m, NH). m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 312 (M+l) + . EXAMPLE 20 3-(4-r2-(5-Methv1fnran-2-v1^thvn-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine 10 l-Benzyl-4-(2-[δ-methylfuran-2-yl]ethyl)-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine was prepared in the same manner as 1- benzyl-4-[2-furan-2-yl]ethyl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (Example 18). lδ A solution of l-benzyl-4-(2-[δ-methylfuran-2-yl]ethyl)- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (l.δg, δ.34mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (100ml) was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of 1-chloroethylchloroformate (0.7δml, 6.94mmol) in 20 anhydrous dichloromethane (60ml). After stirring at room temperature for one hour, the solvent was evaporated and the residue redissolved in methanol (160ml). This solution was stirred at reflux for two hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated δ aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to afford the crude product (l.Og, 99%) as a brown oil. A solution of the crude tetrahydropyridine (500mg, 0 2.6mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (416mg, 2.38mmol) in toluene (20ml) was stirred at reflux for 8 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue chromatographed with 3% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title compound (160mg, 21%) as a colourless solid, m.p. 118-119°C; (Found: C, 74.04; H, 7.01; N, 12.δδ. δ C 20 H 23 N 3 O.0.17δH 2 O requires C, 74.01; H, 7.2δ; N, 12.95); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 1.95-2.06 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.14-2.24 (δH, m, CH 3 and CH 2 CH 2 ), 2.48-2.δ4 (2H, m, CH 2 CH 2 ) > 2.61 (2H, t, J 7.4Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.84-2.93 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.66 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ar), 5.35-δ.40 (IH, 10 m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), δ.87-δ.9δ (2H, m, furanyl H), 7.01 (IH, dd, J 7.9, 4.8Hz, δH), 7.33 (IH, d, J 2.3Hz, 2-H), 7.99 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 1.2Hz, 4-H), 8.17 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.4Hz, 6-H), and 11.41 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 322 (M+D + . lδ EXAMPLE 21 3-(4-Ethyl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolor2,3-blpγridine 20 Step 1: l-Benzvl-4-ethvl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropvridine A solution of 4-ethylpyridine (3.0g, 28mmol) in anhydrous d methylformamide (10ml) was treated with benzyl bromide (3.7ml, 31mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room 2δ temperature for two hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with absolute ethanol (60ml), treated with sodium borohydride (1.3g, 3δmmol) and stirred at reflux for one hour. The solvent was evaporated in υacuo and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic phase was separated, 0 dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo. The residue was chromatographed with 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate as eluant to give the title compound (1.92g, 34% over two steps) as a colourless oil; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.00 (3H, t, J 7.5Hz, C^CH , 1.94-2.12 (4H, m, CH 2 CH 3 and tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.δδ (2H, t, J 6.3Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.90-3.00 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ CH 2 ), 3.δ8 (2H, s, PhCH 2 N), δ.32-δ.40 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), and 7.20-7.40 (δH, m, ArH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 202 (M+1 Step 2: 3-(4-Ethyl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropvridin-l-vl)-methvl- 10 lH-Pvrrolor2.3-h1pvridine A solution of l-benzyl-4-ethyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (1.92g, 9.6mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (δOml) was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of 1- lδ chloroethylchloroformate (1.34ml, 12.4mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10ml). After stirring at room temperature for one hour, the solvent was evaporated and the residue redissolved in methanol (δOml). This solution was heated at reflux for one hour. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned 0 between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo to afford the crude product (320mg, 30%) as a colourless oil. A solution of the crude tetrahydropyridine (320mg, 2.9mmol) and 3- δ dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (δ04mg, 2.9mmol) in toluene (10ml) was stirred at reflux for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue chromatographed with 3% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title compound (300mg, 43%) as a colourless solid, m.p. 88-90°C; 0 (Found: C, 74.03; H, 7.94; N, 16.97. C 15 H 19 N 3 .0.12δH 2 O requires C, 73.96; H, 7.97; N, 17.25%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 0.99 (3H, t, J 7.5Hz, CH 2 CH 3 ), 1.97 (2H, q, J 7.5Hz, CH 2 CH 3 ), 2.06-2.12 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.61 (2H, t, J δ.8Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.02-3.08 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.78 (2H, s, NCH jj Ar), δ.34-δ.40 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), 7.08 (IH, dd, J 7.9, 4.8Hz, 5-H), 7.29 (IH, m, 2-H), 8.06-8.04 (IH, m, 4-H), 8.28-8.32 (IH, m, 6-H), 9.28 (IH, br s, NH). m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 242 (M+D+. EXAMPLE 22 Benzoic acid l-(lH)pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridin-3-vl-methvl)- 1.2. .6-tetrahvdropvridin-4-vlmethvl ester Step 1; l-Benzvl-4-hvdroxvmethvl-1.2.3.6- tetrahvdropyridine A solution of 4-hydroxymethylpyridine (20g, 0.183mol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (70ml) was treated with benzyl bromide (24ml, 0.202mol) and the mixture was stirred at 100°C for two hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with absolute ethanol (250ml). Sodium borohydride (8.7g, 0.229mol) was added portionwise and the mixture stirred at reflux for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated in υacuo and the residue partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo. The residue was chromatographed with 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate as eluant to the title compound (13g, 3δ%) as a lemon yellow solid; δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.12-2.20 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.60 (2H, t, J 7.δHz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.96-3.04 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridyl CH 2 ), 3.60 (2H, s, PhCH 2 N), 4.00-4.04 (2H, m, CH 2 OH), 5.60- 5.66 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl 5-H), and 7.20-7.40 (δH, m, ArH). m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 204 (M+D*. Step 2: Benzoic acid l-benzvl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropvridin-4- δ ylmethyl ester A cooled (ice-bath) solution of the foregoing compound (lg, 4.9mmol) in dichloromethane (30ml) was treated with sodium hydroxide solution (2M, 30ml) and a solution of 10 benzoylchloride (O.δδml, 4.9mmol) in dichloromethane (10ml). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 2 hours. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo to afford the title compound (1.37g, 91%) as a colourless oil;. δ H (DMSO- d 6 ) 2.12-2.20 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.δδ (2H, t, J lδ 7.δHz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.9δ-3.0δ (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.δδ (2H, s, PhCH 2 N), 4.72 (2H, s, CH 2 0), δ.7δ-δ.82 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), 7.22-7.38 (δH, m, ArH), 7.48-7.δ7 (2H, m, ArH), 7.64-7.70 (IH, m, ArH), and 7.96-8.04 (2H, m, ArH); m/z (CI-, NH 3 ) 308 (M+l)+. 20 Step 3: Benzoic acid l-(lH-pvrrolor2.3-blpvridin-3- vlmethvl)-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropvridin-4-vlmethvl ester A solution of benzoic acid 1-benzyl- 1,2,3,6- δ tetrahydropyridin-4-ylmethyl ester (1.3δg, 4.4mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (δOml) was cooled to 0°C and treated with a solution of 1-chloroethyl-chloroformate (0.62ml, δ.7mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10ml). After stirring at 0°C for 1.5 hours, the solvent was evaporated and the residue 0 redissolved in methanol (50ml). This solution was stirred at reflux for two hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo to afford the crude product (δ20mg, δ8% over two steps) as a colourless oil. A δ solution of the crude tetrahydropyridine (δ20mg, 2.δmmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (δ20mg, 2.δmmol) in toluene (20ml) was stirred at reflux for 9 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue chromatographed with δ% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title 10 compound (480mg, δδ%) as a colourless solid, m.p. 126°C; (Found: C, 72.42; H, 6.08; N, 12. lδ. C 21 H 21 N 3 0 2 requires C, 72.60; H, 6.09; N, 12.10%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.20-2.30 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.68 (2H, t, J δ.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.0δ-3.10 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl lδ CH 2 ), 3.80 (2H, s, NCHgAr), δ.86-δ.94 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), 4.74 (2H, s, CH 2 0), 7.07 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.7Hz, 5-H), 7.20-7.30 (IH, m, ArH), 7.38-7.45 (2H, m, ArH), 7.50-7.60 (IH, m, ArH), 8.00-8.10 (3H, m, ArH), 8.30 (IH, dd, J 4.7, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 9.33 (IH, s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 348 20 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 23 (g)-3-(4-r2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)ethenvn-1.2.3.β- 25 tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine M.p. 186-188°C (PhMe); (Found: C, 76.δ2; H, 6.93; N, 11.55. C 22 H 23 N 3 0 requires C, 76.49; H, 6.71; N, 12.16%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.44 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.77 (2H, br s, 30 tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.23 (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.81 (3H, s, OCH 3 ), 3.86 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 5.81 (IH, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), 6.41 (IH, d, J 16.0Hz, ArCH=CHR), 6.7δ-6.79 (IH, m, 4'-H), 6.77 (IH, d, J 16.0Hz, ArCH=CHR), 6.93 (IH, br s, 2'-H), 6.99 (IH, d, J 7.7Hz, 6'-H), 7.08 (IH, dd, J 7.9, 4.8Hz, δ-H), 7.22 (IH, t, J 7.9Hz, δ * -H), 7.33 (IH, br s, 2-H), 8.09 5 (IH, d, J 7.9Hz, 4-H), 8.31 (IH, dd, J 4.8, 1.6Hz, 6-H), and 9.15 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 346 (M+D + . EXAMPLE 24 10 3-(4-Phenoxvmethvl-1.2.3.β-tetrahvdropvridin-l- vl)methvl-lH-pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridine M.p. 161-163°C (MeOH); (Found: C, 75.0δ; H, 6.61; N, 12.91. C 20 H 21 N 3 O requires C, 7δ.21; H, 6.63; N, 13.16%); δ H lδ (CDC1 3 ) 2.2δ (2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 2.69 (2H, t, J δ.7Hz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.09(2H, br s, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.81 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 4.40 (2H, s, ArCH 2 0), δ.77 (IH, br s, CH=CR), 6.89-6.9δ (3H, m, ArH), 7.08 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.7Hz, δ-H), 7.24-7.29 (3H, m, ArH), 8.07 (IH, dd, 0 J 7.9, l.δHz, 4-H), 8.31 (IH, dd, J 4.8, 1.6Hz, 6-H), and 9.69 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 320 (M+D+. EXAMPLE 25 δ (g)-3-(4-r2-(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyll-1.2.3.β- tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine Step 1: (_E)-l-tert-Butyloxycarhonyl-3-(4-r2-(S- methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl1-1.2.3.6-tetrahvdropyridin-l- 0 yl)methylpyrrolor2.3-blpyridine -δ3- A solution of l-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (315mg, 1.7mmol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (δml) was treated with a solution of (2?)-l-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3- chloromethylpyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (δOOmg, 1.9mmol) [prepared δ using the method of Sanchez-Obregon et al., Can. J. Chem., 1992, 70, Iδ31-lδ36] in anhydrous dimethylformamide (δml). The mixture was stirred at 70°C for 16 hoxirs. The reaction was diluted with ethanol (δOml) and treated with sodium borohydride (81mg, 2.13mmol). The mixture was stirred at room 10 temperature for a further two hours whereupon the solvent was evaporated in υacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated brine solution. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and evaporated in υacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel with δ0% hexane/ethyl lδ acetate as eluant to afford the title compound as an orange oil (160mg, 22%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.60 (9H, s, C(CH 3 ) 3 ), 2.20-2.33 (δH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 and ArCH 3 ), 2.58-2.66 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.06-3.16 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.67 (2H, 2, NCH jj Ar), 5.67-δ.7δ (IH, m, 20 tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), δ.87-δ.91 (IH, m, furan 4-H), 6.04-6.07 (IH, m, furan 3-H), 6.13 (IH, d, J 16.2Hz, CH=CHAr), 6.δ8 (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, CH=CHAr), 7.08-7.14 (IH, m, δ-H), 7.48-7.δ2 (IH, m, 2-H), 7.96-8.04 (IH, m, 4-H), and 8.40-8.46 (IH, m, 6-H); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 420 (M+D + . 2δ Step 2: (ff)-3-(4-r2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl1-1.2.3.β- tetrahvdropyridin-l-yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridine A solution of CE)-l-te/ -butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-[2-(5- 30 methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl]-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl)methylpyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (160mg, 0.38mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (δml) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (δOOml, 6.δmmol) and stirred at room temperature for two hours. Ammonium hydroxide solution (δml) was added and the whole mixture evaporated in υacuo. The residue was azeotroped with δ toluene. The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel with δ% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant to afford the title compound as a pale lemon solid (70mg, δ7%), m.p. 180°C (dec); (Found: C, 71.47; H, 6.46; N, 12.01. C 2 oH 21 N 3 O.H 2 θ requires C, 71.19; H, 6.87; N, 12.42%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.1δ-2.30 10 (δH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 and ArCH 3 ), 2.δ9 (2H, t, J δ.δHz, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.02-3.10 (2H, m, tetrahydropyridinyl CH 2 ), 3.71 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ar), δ.78-δ.86 (IH, m, tetrahydropyridinyl δ-H), 6.0δ-6.10 (IH, m, furan 4-H), 6.16- 6.30 (2H, m, CH=CHAr and furan 3-H), 6.δδ (IH, d, J 16.1Hz, lδ CH=CHAr), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.8Hz, δ-H), 7.34-7.38 (IH, m, 2- H), 8.01 (IH, d, J 7.8Hz, 4-H), 8.18 (IH, d, J 4.6Hz, 6-H), and 11.4δ (IH, s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 320 (M+D+. EXAMPLE 26 20 6-Phenvl-2-flH-pvrrolor2.3-blpvridin-3-vlmethvl)-1.2.3.4- tetrahvdroisoαuinoline A mixture of 6-phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline δ (prepared by the method of L N Pridgen, J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1980, 17, 1289) (O.δg, 2.38mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (0.4g, 2.28mmol) in toluene (δml) was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 18h. The mixture was allowed to cool and the crystallised product collected. 0 Recrystallisation from ethyl acetate afforded the title compound (0.13g, 17%), m.p. 211-213°C; (Found: C, 80.15; H, 6.30; N, -δδ- 12.32. C 23 H 21 N 3 .0.3H 2 O requires C, 80.11; H, 6.31; N, 12.18%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.73 (2H, br s, CH 2 CH 2 Ph), 2.87 (2H, br s, NCH 2 CH 2 ), 3.61 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 3.83 (2H, s, NCH 2 Ph), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.8, 4.6Hz, δ-H), 7.18 (IH, d, J 3.2Hz, 2-H), 7.30-7.45 (6H, m, ArH), 7.60 (2H, d, J 7.6Hz, ArH), 8.05 (IH, d, J 7.6Hz, 4- H), 8.20 (IH, dd, J 6.1, 1.4Hz, 6-H), and 11.48 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 340 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 27 6-Methoxy-2-(lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pvridin-3-vlmethvlV 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline A mixture of 6-methoxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (prepared by the method of Heifer, Helυ. Chim. Acta, 1924, 7, 945) (0.55g, 3.36mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (0.δ9g, 3.36mmol) in toluene (3ml) was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 18h. The mixture was allowed to cool and the crystallised product collected. Recrystallisation from toluene afforded the title compound (0.31g, 32%), m.p. 144-146°C; (Found: C, 73.04; H, 6.43; N, 14.10. C 18 H 19 N 3 O.0.1H 2 O requires C, 73.24; H, 6.δδ; N, 14.23%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.67 (2H, br s, CH 2 ), 2.76 (2H, t, J δ.4Hz, CH 2 ), 3.49 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.69 (3H, s, OCH 3 ), 3.78 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 6.65 (2H, m, ArH), 6.89 (IH, d, 9Hz, ArH), 7.01 (IH, dd, J 7.9, 4.7Hz, δ-H), 7.40 (IH, d, J 2.2Hz, ArH), 8.03 (IH, dd, J 7.7, 1.3Hz, 4-H), 8.19 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1.4Hz, 6-H), and 11.47 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH,) 294 (M+l) + . EXAMPLE 28 7-Phenyl-2-flH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1.2.3.4- tetrahvdroisoαuinoline 5 Step 1: 7-Phenvlisoαuinoline To a slurry of 7-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)isoquinoline (prepared by the method of D.F. Ortwine et al., J. Med. Chem., 10 1992, 35, 134δ) (2.1g, 7.δmmol) in toluene (20ml) was added phenyl boronic acid (1.21g, lOmmol) and a 2M solution of sodium carbonate (lδml). The reaction vessel was filled with nitrogen, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.2δg, 0.22mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 90°C for 18h. The lδ reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (δOml) and washed with sodium carbonate solution (δOml). The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x δOml). The ethyl acetate extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil. 0 The oil was purified by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) as eluant to give the title compound (1.27g, 83%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 7.41-7.88 (6H, m, ArH and isoquinolinyl H), 7.95 (IH, d, J 6.2Hz, isoquinolinyl H), 8.14 (IH, dd, J 8.5, 1.75Hz, isoquinolinyl H), 8.44 (IH, t, J O.δδHz, isoquinolinyl H), 8.δ2 δ (IH, d, δ.7δHz, 3-H), and 9.31 (IH, s, 1-H); m/z (CI\ NH 3 ) 206 (M+l)+. Step 2: 7-Phenvl-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoouinoline 0 To a solution of 7-phenylisoquinoline (1.25g, 6.1mmol) in methanol (50ml) was added cone HC1 (2ml) and platinum oxide (lOOmg). The reaction mixture was hydrogenated at 50 psi until no further uptake of hydrogen was observed. The catalyst was filtered off, washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated xmder reduced pressure to give a solid. The solid was partitioned 5 between ethyl acetate and sodium carbonate solution. The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100ml). The ethyl acetate extracts were combined, washed with brine (2 x 100ml), dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil, which 0 crystallised on standing. The solid was a mixture of the title compound and 7-phenyl-decahydroisoquinoline; Rf 0.66 (EtOAc/MeOH/NH 3 5:1:1). Step 3: 7-Phenyl-2-(lH-pyrrolor2.3-h1pyridin-3-ylmethv1V 5 1,2,3,4-tetrahγdroisoqwinoline The mixture obtained from the previous step (0.5g, 2.38mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine (0.42g, 2.39mmol) in toluene (3ml) was heated at 0 reflux under nitrogen for 24h. The mixture was allowed to cool and the crystalline product collected. The solid was pxirified by flash chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane/ methanol/ammonia. The apropriate fractions were combined to give a solid (0.δ4g). The solid was recrystallised from toluene, δ and purified by reverse phase HPLC on a KR100, δμm C 8 column (2δ0mm x 20mm id) using 40% acetonitrile, 60% H 2 0 (containing 0.1% TFA) as eluant. The appropriate fraction was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane/methanol (9:1) and sodium hydroxide 0 solution. The organic phase was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a solid. The solid was recrystallised from toluene to give the title compound (0.14g, 17%), m.p. 203-205°C; (Found: C, 79.92; H, 6.02; N, 12.10. C 23 H 21 N 3 .0.35H 2 O requires C, 79.90; H, 6.33; N, 12.15%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.72 (2H, t, J 5.4Hz, CH 2 ), 2.82 (2H, t, J δ.4Hz, CH 2 ), 3.63 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.82 (2H, s, δ CH 2 ), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.6, 4.7Hz, δ-H), 7.16 (IH, d, J 7.9Hz, ArH), 7.29-7.43 (6H, m, ArH), 7.δ9 (2H, dd, J 6.8, 1.4Hz, ArH), 8.0δ (IH, d, J 7.9Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, dd, J 4.7, 1.4Hz, 6-H), and 11.49 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 340 (M+1 10 EXAMPLE 29 7-Benzvloxv-2-(lH-pvrrolor2.3-hlpvridin-3-vlmethvl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline lδ Step 1 : 7-Benzvloxvisoouinoline To a solution of 7-hydroxyisoquinoline (prepared by the method of R.B. Woodward and W.D. Doering, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 194δ, 67, 860) (1.4δg, lOmmol) in DMF (20ml) was added sodium 20 hydride (60% dispersion in oil, 0.4g, lOmmol) portionwise. After stirring for 30 minutes, benzyl bromide (1.2ml, lOmmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 2h. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 100ml). The ether extracts were combined, washed with 2N δ sodium hydroxide solution (2 x δOml), brine (δOml), dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.6g, 68%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) δ.21 (2H, s, OCH 2 ), 7.30-7.δl (7H, m, ArH), 7.59 (IH, d, J 8.3Hz, ArH), 7.75 (IH, d, J 13Hz, ArH), 8.42 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), and 0 9.14 (IH, s, ArH). -δ9- Step 2: 7-Benzyloxy-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline 7-Benzyloxyisoqxιinoline (l.δg, 6.37mmol) in methanol (100ml) was hydrogenated at δO psi on a Parr apparatus using 5 platinum oxide (lOOmg) as catalyst. The catalyst was collected by filtration, the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil which crystallised on treatment with hexane/diethyl ether to give the title compound (0.96g, 64%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.72 (2H, t, J 6Hz, CH 2 ), 3.11 (2H, t, J 6Hz, CH 2 ), 3.90 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 10 6.62 (IH, d, J 2.25Hz, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl H), 6.78 (IH, dd, J δ.7δ, 2.7δHz, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl H), 6.99 (IH, d, J 9.2δHz, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl H), and 7.2δ-7.43 (δH, m, ArH). Step 3; 7-Benzyloxy-2-(lH-pvrrolor2.3-b1pvridin-3- lδ vlmethvl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline A mixture of 7-benzyloxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoqιιinoline (0.48g, 2mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine (0.3δg, 2mmol) in toluene (δml) was heated at reflux 20 under nitrogen for 18h. The mixtxire was allowed to cool and the crystallised product collected. The product was purified by flash chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (10:1) as eluant. The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to give a solid. Recrystallisation from toluene δ afforded the title compound (0.24g, 32%) m.p. 180-182°C; (Found: C, 77.73; H, 6.00; N, 11.11. C 24 H 23 N 3 0 requires C, 78.02; H, 6.27; N, 11.37%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.68 (4H, m, 2 x CH 2 ), 3.δl (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.78 (2H, s, CH 2 ), δ.01 (2H, s, OCH 2 ), 6.66 (IH, d, J 2.4Hz, ArH), 6.74 (IH, dd, J 8.3, 2.6Hz, ArH), 7.02 (2H, m, ArH), 0 7.32-7.42 (6H, m, ArH), 8.03 (IH, dd, J 7.9, 1.2Hz, 4-H), 8.18 (1H, dd, J 4.7, 1.5Hz, 6-H), and 11.47 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI*, NH 3 ) 370 (M+lh EXAMPLE 30 5 7-(lH-Pyrrolor2.3-blpvridin-3-vlmethvl)-7-thiophen-3-vl- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoquinoline Step 1: 7-(3-Thienvl isoαuinoline 10 Using the method described in Example 28, Step 1 and 3- thiophene boronic acid (lg, 8mmol) the title compound was obtained (0.7g, 54%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 7.47 (IH, dd, J 5.1, 2.9Hz, thiophene 5-H), 7.δ3 (IH, dd, J δ.l, 1.3Hz, thiophene 4-H), 7.61 lδ (IH, dd, J 2.9, 1.3Hz, thiophene 2-H), 7.64 (IH, d, J δ.7Hz, isoquinolinyl H), 7.8δ (IH, d, J 8.δHz, isoquinolinyl H), 7.96 (IH, m, isoquinolinyl H), 8.14 (IH, s, isoquinolinyl H), 8.δ2 (IH, d, J δ.7Hz, isoqxiinolinyl 3-H), and 9.28 (IH, s, isoquinolinyl 1-H); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 212 (M+D+. 20 Step 2; 2-(lH-Pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-7- thiophen-3-yl-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoquinoline A solution of 7-(3-thienyl)isoquinoline (O.lδg, 3mmol) in δ dichloromethane was treated with an excess of HC1 gas. The mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a colourless solid. The solid was dissolved in ethanol, platinum oxide (lOOmg) added, the reaction mixture hydrogenated at δO psi on a Parr apparatus until uptake of hydrogen ceased. The 0 catalyst was collected by filtration and the filtrate was hydrogenated again using fresh catalyst until the starting material had been consumed. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100ml), washed with sodium carbonate solution (100ml), dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated under 5 reduced pressure to give crude 7-(3-thienyl)-l,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline as an oil (0.41g, 62%). A mixture of this oil (0.40g, 1.85mmol) and 3-dimethylaminomethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (0.32δg, l.δδmmol) in toluene (3ml) was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 6h. The mixture was allowed 10 to cool and the crystallised product collected. Recrystallisation from toluene afforded the title compound (0.17g, 28%), m.p. 228- 230°C; (Found: C, 72.82; H, δ.46; N, 12.0δ. C 21 H 19 N 3 S requires C, 73.01; H, δ.δ4; N, 12.16%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.72 (2H, t, J δ.4Hz, CH 2 ), 2.80 (2H, t, J δHz, CH 2 ), 3.δ9 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.82 (2H, s, lδ CH 2 ), 7.02 (IH, dd, J 7.7, 4.7Hz, δ-H), 7.11 (IH, d, J 8.0Hz, ArH), 7.3δ (IH, s, ArH), 7.42-7.δ0 (3H, m, ArH), 7.δ7 (IH, dd, J 5.1, 3Hz, ArH), 7.76 (IH, s, ArH), 8.04 (IH, dd, J 7.7, 1Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, dd, J 4.6, 1Hz, 6-H), and 11.49 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI+, NH 3 ) 345 (M+l) + . 20 EXAMPLE 31 6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridin-3- ylmethvI)-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoquinoline 25 Step 1: 6-Hvdroxy-3.4-dihvdro-lH-isoquinoline-2- carboxvlic acid fert-butvl ester To a slurry of 6-hydroxy- 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 0 hydrobromide (prepared by the method of Grimewald, J. Med. Chem., 1987, 30, 2208) (1.2g, 5.2mmol) and triethylamine (0.8ml, δ.7mmol) in dichloromethane (40ml) was added a solution of di- tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.2g, δ.δmmol) in dichloromethane (10ml). The mixtxire was stirred for 2h. The reaction mixtxire was washed with a solution of citric acid (2 x δOml), brine (2 x δOml), dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as an oil U.3g, 100%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.44 (9H, s, C(CH 3 ) 3 ), 2.77 (2H, t, J 6Hz, CH 2 ), 3.79 (2H, br s, CH 2 ), 4.δ4 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 6.64 (IH, s, ArH), 6.69 (IH, d, J 7.δHz, ArH), and 6.96 (IH, d, J 8.δHz, ArH). 10 Step 2; β-Trifluoromethanesulfonvloxv-3.4-dihvdro-lH- isoQuinoline-2-carboxvlic acid fe -hutvl ester To a solution of 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinoline-2- lδ carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.3g, δ.2mM) and diisopropyethylamine (1ml) in methanol (40ml) at 0°C was added a solution of N-phenyltrifluoromethanesulfonimide (2.14g, 6mmol). On completion of the addition the reaction mixtxire was allowed to warm to room temperatxire and stirred overnight. A 20 fxirther equivalent of diisopropylethylamine (1ml) was added, the reaction mixture cooled to 0°C then a solution of N- phenyltrifluoromethanesulfonimide (2.14g, 6mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for a further 18h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced 5 pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1) as eluant. The title compound was obtained as an oil, which was taken on crude to the next step without further purification. 0 Step 3: 6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3.4-dihvdro-lH-isoαuinoline-2- carboxvlic acid fe -hutvl ester To a mixture of 6-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-3,4- dihydro-lH-isoqxιinoline-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2g, δ.2δmmol) and 4-chlorophenyl boronic acid (1.17g, 7.δmmol) in toluene (20ml) was added a 2M sodium carbonate solution δ (7.δml). The reaction mixtxire was stirred xinder a nitrogen atmosphere, then tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladixim(0) (0.29g, 0.2δmmol) was added and the reaction mixtxire was heated at 90°C for 18h. After allowing to cool the reaction mixtxire was diluted with water (100ml) and extracted with ethyl 0 acetate (3 x 100ml). The ethyl acetate extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Purification by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate as eluant gave the title compound as an oil (0.7g, 39%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 1.5 (9H, s, 5 C(CH 3 ) 3 ), 2.89 (2H, t, J 8.3Hz, CH 2 ), 3.68 (2H, t, J 8.3Hz, CH 2 ), 4.61 (2H, s, CH 2 ), and 7.15-7.δ (7H, m, ArH). Step 4: 6-(4-Chlorophenvl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline 0 To a solution of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-lH- isoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (O.δg, 1.4δmmol) in dichloromethane (6ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (3ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for lh. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue δ partitioned between dichloromethane (3 x 20ml) and IN sodium hydroxide solution (30ml). The combined organic phases were dried over potassium carbonate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The oil was purified by flash chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia 0 9δ:δ:l as eluant to afford the title compound as a solid (0.27g, 76%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.9 (2H, t, CH 2 ), 3.24 (2H, t, CH 2 ), 4.1 (2H, s, CH 2 ), and 7.04-7.δδ (7H, m, ArH). Step 5: β-(4-Chlorophenvl)-2-(lH-pvrrolor2.3-blpvridin-3- 5 vlmethvn-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoouinoline A mixtxire of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-l,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline (0.23g, 0.94mmol) and 3- dimethylaminomethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (0.168g, 10 0.96mmol) in toluene (15ml) was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 18h. The mixture was allowed to cool and the crystallised product collected. Trituration with ethanol gave the title compound (0.18g, 48%), m.p. 202-204°C; (Foxind: C, 73.02; H, 5.20; N, 11.04. requires C, 73.18; H, 5.4δ; N, lδ 11.18%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.83 (2H, t, J δ.δHz, CH 2 ), 2.94 (2H, t, J δ.5Hz, CH 2 ), 3.73 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 3.91 (2H, s, CH 2 ), 7.04-7.10 (2H, m, ArH), 7.29-7.50 (7H, m, ArH), 8.12 (7H, dd, J 7.8, 1.5Hz, 4-H), 8.32 (IH, dd, J 4.7δ, l.δHz, 6-H), and 9.60 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 374 (M+D+. 20 EXAMPLE 32 5-Phenyl-2-(lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1.2.3.4- tetrahvdroisoquinoline δ Using the procedure described for Example 26 replacing 6- phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with 5-phenyl- 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoqxiinoline (prepared by the method of L.N. Pridgen, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1980, 17, 1289) the title compound was 0 obtained as a colourless solid, m.p. 202-204°C (toluene); (Found: C, 81.05; H, 6.31; N, 11.90. C 23 H 21 N 3 .0.lC 7 H 8 .0.1H 2 O requires C, 81.23; H, 6.33; N, 11.99%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.69 (4H, br s, NCH 2 CH 2 Ar), 3.45 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 3.78 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 5.08 (2H, s, ArCH 2 0), 6.60 (IH, d, J 8Hz, 6'-H), 6.81 (IH, d, J 8Hz, 8'- H), 6.95-7.0δ (2H, m, ArH), 7.3-7.δ (6H, m, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J δ 8Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, br s, 6-H), and 11.5 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 340 (M+1 EXAMPLE 33 0 5-Benzyloxy-2-(lH-pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridin-3-ylmethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline Following the procedure for the preparation of Example 29, replacing 7-hydroxyisoquinoline in Step 1 with commercially 5 available 5-hydroxyisoqxιinoline, afforded the title compound as a colourless solid, m.p. 179-181°C (MeOH/EtOH); (Found: C, 77.δ4; H, 6.19; N, 11.09. C 24 H 23 N 3 O.0.1H 2 O requires C, 77.δ4; H, 6.19; N, 11.09%); δ H (DMSO-d 6 ) 2.69 (4H, br s, NCH 2 CH 2 Ar), 3.4δ (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 3.78 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), δ.08 (2H, s, 0 ArCH 2 0), 6.60 (IH, d, J 8Hz, 6'-H), 6.81 (IH, d, J 8Hz, 8'-H), 6.9δ-7.0δ (2H, m, ArH), 7.3-7.δ (6H, m, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J 8Hz, 4-H), 8.20 (IH, br s, 6-H), and 11.5 (IH, br s, NH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 370 (M+D+. 5 EXAMPLE 34 5-Phenoxy-2-(lH-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridin-3-ylmethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoquinoline 0 Step 1: 5-Phenoxyisoquinoline Cupric oxide (0.2g) was added in one portion to a mixtxire of phenol (2g, 21mmol), potassixim carbonate (2.7g, 20mmol), and 5-bromoisoquinoline (2.1g, lOmmol) in pyridine (20ml) heated at 90°C xmder nitrogen. The mixture was then heated at 140°C for 5 18h. After this time the pyridine was removed in υacuo, the residue suspended in ether and the mixtxire filtered through a pad of silica gel. The solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by column chromatography on silica with ethyl acetate/hexane (1:3-1:1) as eluant to give the title compound as a 10 colourless solid (l.lg, 49%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 7.1-7.δ (7H, m, ArH), 7.7δ (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 8.02 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 8.δ7 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), and 9.3 (IH, s, 1-H). Step 2: δ-Phenoxv-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoαuinoline lδ A solution of δ-phenoxyisoquinoline (lg, 4.δmmol) in methanol (δOml) was shaken on a Parr hydrogenator at δδ psi hydrogen in the presence of platinum oxide (0.2g) for 3h. The catalyst was then removed by filtration and the solvent 20 evaporated. The residue was triturated with hexane to give the title compound as a colourless solid (0.6g, 60%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.6δ- 2.7δ (2H, m, ArCH 2 CH 2 N), 3.1-3.2 (2H, m, ArCH 2 CH 2 N), 4.0δ (2H, br s, ArCH 2 N), 6.7δ (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 6.83 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), and 6.9-7.3δ (6H, m, ArH); m/z (CI + , NH 3 ) 226 (M+D+. 2δ Step 3: 5-Phenoxy-2-(lH-Pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridin-3- ylmethyl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroisoquinoline Following the procedure described for Example 26 0 replacing 6-phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with δ- phenoxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline the title compound was obtained as a coloxirless solid, m.p. 179-180°C (EtOH/MeOH); (Found: C, 77.55; H, 5.96; N, 11.68. requires C, 77.94; H, 5.69; N, 11.86%); δ H (CDC1 3 ) 2.8 (4H, m, ArCH 2 CH 2 N), 3.71 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 3.89 (2H, s, ArCH 2 N), 6.72 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 6.83 (IH, d, J 8Hz, ArH), 6.9-7.35 (8H, m, ArH), 8.1 (IH, dd, J 8, 1.5Hz, 4-H), 8.3 (IH, dd, J 4.δ, l.δHz, 6-H), and 10.1 (IH, br s, NH).

Claims: CLAIMS ; 1. A compound of formula I, or a salt or prodrug thereof: ( I ) wherein R represents hydrogen or C^. alkyl; Q represents a moiety of formula Qa, Qb or Qc: (Oo) (Qb) (Qc) in which the broken line represents an optional chemical bond; R represents hydrogen, or an optionally substituted C 1 - 6 alkyl, C^ alkoxy, C 2 _g alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryl (. 1^6 )alkoxy, aryl(C 2 -g)alkenyl, aryl(C 2 _g)alkynyl, C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl(C^_g)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C^_g)alkyl, heteroaryl(C 2 _g)alkenyl or heteroaryl(C 2 _g)alkynyl group; R 2 represents an optionally substituted C^g alkyl, C^g alkoxy, C 2 -g alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, aryl, aryl(Ci-g)alkyl, aryloxy(C^g)alkyl, aryl(Ci-g)alkoxy, aryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkenyl, aryl(C 2 -g)alkynyl, C 3 _ 7 heterocycloalkyl(C^ )alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C^g)alkyl, heteroaryl(C 2 _ 6 )alkenyl or heteroaryl(C 2 -g) lkynyl group; R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen. hydrocarbon, a heterocyclic group, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, -OR a , -SR a , -SOR a , -S0 2 R a , -S0 2 NR a R b , -NR a R b , -NR a COR b , -NR a C0 2 R b , -COR a , -C0 2 R a or -CONR a R b ; Z represents -CH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 -; R 6 represents hydrogen or halogen, or an optionally substituted C _ alkyl, C^ alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, aryl(C^- )alkyl, aryl(C 1 _g)alkoxy or heteroaryl group; and R a and R b independently represent hydrogen, hydrocarbon or a heterocyclic group. 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 represented by formula IIA, and salts and prodrugs thereof: ( I IA) wherein E represents ~(CH 2 ) n -, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-; n is zero, 1, 2 or 3; -X-Y- represents -CH 2 -CH- or -CH=C-; W represents a group of formula (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) , (v) or (vi) : (I) (II) (III) in which V represents oxygen, sulphur or NH; and R XJ and R A ' independently represent hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, amino, C^_g alkylamino, di(Cι_g)alkylamino, C^ alkyl, C^.g alkoxy, aryl(C^ )alkoxy or C 2 _g alkylcarbonyl. 3. A compound as claimed in claim 2 represented by formula IIB, and salts and prodrugs thereof: ( I I B) wherein n, X, Y, R 13 and R 17 are as defined in claim 2 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 represented by formula IIC, and salts and prodrugs thereof: (MC) wherein U represents -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or -CH 0-; and X, Y, R 13 and R 17 are as defined in claim 2. 5. A compound as claimed in claim 4 wherein U represents -CH=CH-. 6. A compound as claimed in claim 1 represented by formula IID, and salts and prodrugs thereof: ( I ID) wherein R 13 is as defined in claim 2; and R 16 represents hydrogen, halogen, C;L_g alkyl, Ci_ alkoxy, aryl, halo-aryl, aryloxy, aryl(C^g)alkyl, aryl(C^g)alkoxy or heteroaryl. 7. A compound as claimed in claim 1 selected from: 3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine; 3-(4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrid-l-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-phenylethenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrid-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-phenylethy1)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrid-1-y1]methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2 ,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(naphth-2-yl)-1 , 2 ,3 ,6-tetrahydropyridin-l-yl]methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 ,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(lH-indol-5-yl)-1 , 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzofuran-5-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzofuran-6-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzothiophen-2-yl)-1,2,3 ,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2 ,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-phenylethynyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- y1] ethy1-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-l-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-(furan-2-yl)ethyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl]methy1-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-l-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[4-(2-(5-methy1furan-2-y1)ethyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl] ethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(4-ethyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l-yl) ethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2 ,3-b]pyridine; 3-(4-benzoyloxymethyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l- yl)methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[ -(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(4-phenoxymethyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-l-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; (E)-3-[4-(2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-l-yl] ethyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(6-phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methy1-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(6-methoxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(7-phenyl-l,2,3, -tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(7-benzyloxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[7-(thiophen-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-[6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2- yl]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(5-phenyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl) ethyl-lH- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(5-benzyloxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; 3-(5-phenoxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl- lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine; and salts and prodrugs thereof. 8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 9. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for use in therapy. 10. The use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the dopamine system. 11. A process for the preparation of a compound as claimed in claim 1 which comprises: (A) reacting a compound of formula III with a compound of formula IV: ( I I I ) ( IV) wherein R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined in claim 1, Q 1 represents the residue of a moiety of formula Qa to Qc as defined in claim 1, and R p corresponds to the group R as defined in claim 1 or represents a suitable protecting group; in the presence of a substantially equimolar amount of formaldehyde; followed, where required, by removal of the protecting group R p ; and subsequently, if necessary, N-alkylation by standard methods to introduce the moiety R; or (B) reacting a compound of formula IV as defined above with a compound of formula V: (V) wherein R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined in claim 1, RP is as defined above, and L represents a suitable leaving group; followed, where required, by removal of the protecting group RP; and subsequently, if necessary, N-alkylation by standard methods to introduce the moiety R; and (C) subsequently, where required, converting a compound of formula I initially obtained into a further compound of formula I by conventional methods. 12. A method for the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the dopamine system, which method comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Inventors: BAKER RAYMOND, CURTIS NEIL ROY, KULAGOWSKI JANUSZ JOZEF, LEESON PAUL DAVID, RIDGILL MARK PETER, SMITH ADRIAN LEONARD, BAKER, RAYMOND, CURTIS, NEIL, ROY, KULAGOWSKI, JANUSZ, JOZEF, LEESON, PAUL, DAVID, RIDGILL, MARK, PETER, SMITH, ADRIAN, LEONARD
Applicants: BAKER RAYMOND, CURTIS NEIL ROY, KULAGOWSKI JANUSZ JOZEF, LEESON PAUL DAVID, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, RIDGILL MARK PETER, SMITH ADRIAN LEONARD, BAKER, RAYMOND, CURTIS, NEIL, ROY, KULAGOWSKI, JANUSZ, JOZEF, LEESON, PAUL, DAVID, MERCK SHARP & DOHME LIMITED, RIDGILL, MARK, PETER, SMITH, ADRIAN, LEONARD
Application year: 1994
Main classification: C07D471
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P25, A61P43, C07D471