A method for everting a tubular liner bag

Abstract: A method for everting a tubular liner bag (1) into a pipe (10) to line the pipe with the tubular liner bag, comprising the steps of: (a) attaching an air hose end to a suitable position of the outer surface (before everting) of the liner bag; (b) everting the tubular liner bag by means of water pressure into a vertical entrance to the pipe; (c) turning the head of the tubular liner bag toward a pipe entrance, when the eversion head hits upon the inner wall of the pipe; (d) everting the tubular liner bag substantially deep into the pipe; (e) stopping the eversion; (f) deforming the everted tubular liner bag such that it is roughly shaped like a letter J with the head portion of the tubular liner bag corresponding to the toe of the J-letter, and such that when compressed air of a pressure not substantially greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag to evert exists in the toe section of the J-letter shaped tubular liner bag, the air does not get to the long-leg section of the J-letter shaped bag from the toe section; and (g) operating an air compressor (7) to supply compressed air into the head portion of the tubular liner bag by way of the air hose (8) to thereby increase the internal pressure in the head portion of the tubular liner to values substantially greater than that required to force the tubular liner bag to evert.

Description: The present invention relates to a method for everting a tubular liner bag into a pipe in order to line the pipe by applying the tubular liner bag on the inner wall of the pipe. The meaning of the term "everting" as used herein shall be explained below. When an underground pipe, such as a pipeline and passageway, becomes defective or too old to perform dependably, the pipe is repaired without digging the earth to expose the pipe and disassembling the sections of the pipe. This non-digging method of repairing an underground pipe has been known and practiced commonly in the field of civil engineering. Typically, the method is disclosed by Japanese Provisional Patent Publication (Kokai) Sho 60-242038. According to this publication, this method of pipe repair comprises inserting a sufficiently long tubular flexible liner bag into the pipe to be repaired by means of a pressurized fluid, such as air or water. The tubular liner bag is made of a flexible resin-absorbent material impregnated with a thermosetting resin, and has its outer surface covered with an impermeable plastic film. More particularly, according to the publication, the tubular flexible liner bag is closed at one end and open at the other; the tubular flexible liner bag is first flattened, and then the closed end of the tubular liner bag is tied to a control rope; the open end of the tubular liner bag is made to gape wide and hooked (anchored) at the end of the defective or old pipe in a manner such that the wide-opened end of the liner completely and fixedly covers and closes the pipe end; a portion of the liner is pushed into the pipe; then, the pressurized fluid is applied to the said portion of the tubular liner such that the fluid urges the tubular liner to enter the pipe. Since one end of the tubular liner is hooked at the end of the pipe, it remains there while the rest of the flexible liner bag is turned inside out as it proceeds deeper in the pipe, and this manner of insertion is exactly what is meant by the term "everting" as used above and throughout this application. When the entire length of the tubular liner bag is everted (i.e., turned inside out) into the pipe, the control rope holds the closed end of the tubular liner bag to thereby control the length of the tubular liner in the pipe. Then, the everted tubular liner is pressed against the inner wall of the pipe by the said pressurized fluid, and the tubular flexible liner is hardened as the thermosetting resin impregnated in the liner is heated, which is effected by heating the fluid filling the tubular liner bag by means of hot steam, etc. It is thus possible to line the inside wall of the defective or old pipe with a rigid liner without digging the ground and disassembling the pipe sections. Now, in this method, of underground pipe repair, any suitable pressurized fluid can be used, but the most frequently used fluid is pressurized water, and compressed air is the next most frequently used, and on many occasions pressurized water and compressed air are used in combination. However, in each of these cases there were certain advantages and disadvantages; for example, the apparatus installed on the ground to effect everting was complicated and large in size. Accordingly, in order to overcome such disadvantages, the present applicants had proposed a method which introduced a device by virtue of which it became possible to evert the tubular liner bag easily with a compact apparatus much smaller than the conventional apparatus. This method and the device are described in detail in Japanese Provisional Patent Publication Hei 3-281976, and will be described here briefly with reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings. In Fig. 5, the reference numeral 101 designates a tubular liner bag soaked with thermosetting resin, and two closed air bags 102 and 103 are partially attached to the outer surface (before everting) of the liner bag 101. According to an embodiment of this method, one end of the tubular liner bag 101 is anchored on a tubular rim 106a of a support frame 106, as shown and turned inside the rim 106a a little; next, into the small pocket caused by this turning, water is charged from a water hose 107, whereby the tubular liner bag 101 is everted and enters partially into a manhole, which is a vertical entrance to the pipe 110. When the tubular liner bag 101 reaches the wall of the pipe 110, the head of the bag 101 is turned to that side of the pipe 110 which is to be lined, and the bag 101 is everted into said side of the pipe 110. Then, the air bags 102, 103, which are flattened at the moment, also enter into the pipe 110. The positions at which the air bags 102, 103 are attached to the tubular liner bag 101 are such that when the air bags 102, 103 enter into the pipe 110, the air bag 103 stays in the vicinity of the lower end of the manhole and the air bag 102 stays at a location a little farther from the air bag 103. Furthermore, the air bags 102, 103 are attached to the opposite sides of the flattened uneverted tubular liner bag 101, as shown in Fig. 5; so, as the tubular liner bag 101 proceeds into the pipe 110, the air bags 102, 103 enter the pipe 110 and on this occasion the air bags 102, 103 are sandwiched between an everted portion of the tubular liner bag 101 and an uneverted portion thereof. The supply of water is stopped and the liner bag 101 stops everting. Thereafter, compressed air is supplied from a compressor, not shown, into the air bags 102, 103 via air hoses 104, 105, respectively, whereupon the air bags 102, 103 inflate inside the everted part of the tubular liner bag 101 which has been inserted in the pipe 110, and as a result the uneverted part of the tubular liner bag 101 is forced to undulate as it runs and describes a locus in a shape of a fallen letter "S", as seen in Fig. 5. Then the supply of water is ceased. Compressed air is then supplied from a compressor, not shown, via an air hose 108 to dispel some water and form a closed space S filled with compressed air in the head portion of the tubular liner bag 101. As the supply of the compressed air to the closed space S is continued, the closed space S expands, but it does not do so backward, because the water pressure it confronts at the water level formed between the air bags 102 and 103 is greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag 101 to evert. Thus, as the supply of the compressed air is continued, the compressed air does not flow backward and up along the manhole, but causes the tubular liner bag 101 to start everting again prompted by the increased pressure in the closed space S, and thus the tubular liner bag 101 advances in the pipe 110 leftward, as seen in Fig. 5. As described above, according to this method of everting, the closed space S is formed in the tubular liner bag 101 inserted in the pipe 110, and everting is effected by means of the pressure of the compressed air supplied to this closed space S, so that it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus for eversion installed on the ground and eversion itself can be conducted with high operational efficiency and ease. However, in this eversion method, when the air bags 102, 103 are inflated inside the tubular liner bag 101, as shown in Fig. 5, the air bag 102 is forced to float by the buoyancy caused by the water staying in the tubular liner bag 101, and as a result the air bag 102 can be torn apart from the tubular liner bag 101 where it is adhered to the bag 101, and consequently a burst may occur in the tubular liner bag 101. Also, this eversion method requires that the air bags 102, 103 be attached to the tubular liner bag 101, so that the preparation of tubular liner bag 101 complete with the air bags is complicated and the manufacturing cost is increased. Attention is also drawn to the disclosure of JP-A-4, 235022 The present invention was developed in view of the above problems, and it is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a new method for everting a tubular liner bag wherein the tubular liner bag can be manufactured at a low cost and can be everted effectively and easily with a compact everting apparatus. The present invention in a first aspect provides a method for everting a tubular liner bag into a pipe to line the pipe by applying the tubular liner bag on the inner wall of the pipe, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing the tubular liner bag such that one end of an air hose whose other end is connected to an air compressor is attached to a suitable position of the outer surface of the liner bag prior to effecting eversion of the liner bag; (b) everting the tubular liner bag by means of water pressure into a vertical entrance to the pipe; (c) turning the head of the tubular liner bag toward that side of the pipe which is to be lined, when the head of the tubular liner bag reaches the inner wall of the pipe; (d) everting the tubular liner bag into the pipe; (e) stopping eversion of the tubular liner bag; (f) deforming the everted tubular liner bag such that it is approximately shaped like a letter J with the head portion of the tubular liner bag corresponding to the toe of the J-letter, and such that when compressed air of a pressure not substantially greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag to evert exists in the toe section of the J-letter shaped tubular liner bag, the air does not get to the long-leg section of the J-letter shaped bag from said toe section; and (g) operating said air compressor to supply compressed air into the head portion of the tubular liner bag by way of said air hose to thereby increase the internal pressure in the head portion of the tubular liner to values substantially greater than that required to force the tubular liner bag to evert; wherein said step (f) consists of the following substeps: (i) laying an inflatable air bag adapted to inflate when supplied with compressed air in the pipe at an optimum location, (ii) supplying said inflatable air bag with compressed air to thereby inflate the air bag, and (iii) lowering a press means down in said vertical entrance to depress an optimum location of the everted tubular liner bag; and wherein in said step (d) the tubular liner bag is everted until the eversion head thereof is substantially beyond said air bag laid in the pipe. The invention in a second aspect provides a method for everting a tubular liner bag into a pipe to line the pipe by applying the tubular liner bag on the inner wall of the pipe, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing the tubular liner bag such that one end of an air hose whose other end is connected to an air compressor is attached to a suitable position of the outer surface of the liner bag prior to effecting eversion of the liner bag; (b) everting the tubular liner bag by means of water pressure into a vertical entrance to the pipe; (c) turning the head of the tubular liner bag toward that side of the pipe which is to be lined, when the head of the tubular liner bag reaches the inner wall of the pipe; (d) everting the tubular liner bag into the pipe; (e) stopping eversion of the tubular liner bag; (f) deforming the everted tubular liner bag such that it is approximately shaped like a letter J with the head portion of the tubular liner bag corresponding to the toe of the J-letter, and such that when compressed air of a pressure not substantially greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag to evert exists in the toe section of the J-letter shaped tubular liner bag, the air does not get to the long-leg section of the J-letter shaped bag from said toe section; and (g) operating said air compressor to supply compressed air into the head portion of the tubular liner bag by way of said air hose to thereby increase the internal pressure in the head portion of the tubular liner to values substantially greater than that required to force the tubular liner bag to evert; wherein said pipe has a small inner diameter of 200 to 350 mm, and has a slope of 20° or greater, wherein in said step (c) the head of the tubular liner bag is turned toward an upstream side of the pipe, and wherein said step (f) consists of a single substep of (i) lowering a press means down in said vertical entrance to depress an optimum location of the everted tubular liner bag. In the first aspect of the invention, the air bag is not attached to the tubular liner bag, but is merely sandwiched between the inner wall of the pipe and the tubular liner bag, so that there will not occur the problem with the conventional practice that the air bag is torn apart from the tubular liner bag to cause the tubular liner bag to burst. Also, unlike the conventional practice, there is no need for attaching the air bag to the tubular liner bag beforehand, so that it is possible to use the ordinary tubular bag as it is; therefore the cost for the lining can be lower. Furthermore, the closed space is formed as compressed air is supplied into the tubular liner bag which is substantially inserted in the pipe, and the further everting of the tubular liner bag in the pipe is effected by means of the high pressure of the compressed air supplied into the closed space, so that the apparatus for eversion installed on the ground can be small and compact, and it is possible to conduct the eversion with high operational efficiency and ease. In the second aspect of the invention, no air bag is required unlike the first aspect, so that it is possible to obtain the same effects with even lower cost. The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a sectional side view of a site of a pipe repair illustrating a step of a tubular liner bag everting method according to a first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional side view similar as Fig. 1 illustrating a further step of the tubular liner bag everting method according to the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 is a sectional side view similar as Fig. 1 illustrating a further step of the tubular liner bag everting method according to the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 is a sectional side view of a site of a pipe repair illustrating a step of a tubular liner bag everting method according to a second embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 5 is a sectional side view of a site of a pipe repair illustrating the procedure of a conventional tubular liner bag everting method. Figs. 1 through 3 are sectional side views of a site in which a pipe is repaired, each illustrating a respective step of a tubular liner bag eversion of a first embodiment of the method of the invention. With reference to Fig. 1, this first embodiment of the method, wherein a tubular liner bag 1 soaked with thermosetting resin is inserted by eversion into a pipe 10, requires a closed air bag 2 (hereinafter merely "air bag 2") to be placed in the pipe 10 at a location which is a predetermined distance away from a manhole 11, from which the pipe 10 is lined. This air bag 2, which is at the moment empty and flat, is inflatable and deflatable, and is a plastic bag made of a material such as polyvinylchloride, urethane, ethylvinyl acetate, etc. The air bag 2 is connected via an air hose 3 to a compressor 4 installed on the ground. Meanwhile, one end of a tubular liner bag 1 is anchored on a tubular rim 5a of a support frame 5, as shown in Fig. 1, and turned inside the rim 5a a little; then, into the small pocket caused by this turning, water is charged from a water hose 6. Thereupon, the water pressure causes the tubular liner bag 1 to evert and enter into the manhole 11. As the tubular liner bag 1 is everted further and reaches the inner wall of the pipe 10, the head of the tubular liner bag 1 is turned toward that side of the pipe 10 which is to be lined, and the tubular liner bag 1 is everted further to enter into the pipe 10, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 1. This turning of the tubular liner bag 1 into the pipe 10 may be carried out by any conventional procedure, such as one wherein a pull rope with a hook means tied halfway to it is passed in the pipe 10 beforehand such that the eversion head of the liner bag 1 lands on the rope at a location downstream to the hook means, and the pull rope is pulled downstream so as to force the eversion head to turn. Now, the tubular liner bag 1 is everted deeper into the pipe 10 (leftward, as seen in Fig. 1), and runs over the deflated air bag 2, which has been already positioned in the pipe 10, as shown in Fig. 2. One end of an air hose 8, whose other end is connected to a compressor 7 installed on the ground, is attached to the outer surface (before everting) of the liner bag 1, and as the tubular liner bag 1 is everted, as shown in Fig. 2, the air hose 8 is drawn into the tubular liner bag 1 so that its attached end opens in the everted part of the tubular liner bag 1. When the tubular liner bag 1 has run over the air bag 2, as described above, and the eversion proceeds deep into the pipe 10, the supply of water is stopped and the tubular liner bag 1 stops everting. The compressor 4 is driven to supply compressed air to the air bag 2 via the air hose 3, and the air bag 2 is inflated, as shown in Fig. 3. At the same time as this, a cylindrical bar 9, which is held in such a manner that it lies vertical to the sheet of Fig. 3, is lowered in the manhole 11 and pressed on a portion of the tubular liner bag 1. As a result, the tubular liner bag 1 is forced to undulate to describe a locus in a shape of a fallen letter "S" within the pipe 10. Then the supply of water is ceased, and the eversion stops. The compressor 7 is driven to supply compressed air to the tubular liner bag 1 via the air hose 8; then the supplied compressed air pushes away some water and forms a closed space S filled with the compressed air in the head portion of the tubular liner bag 1. At this moment, the water inside the tubular liner bag 1 has two levels one higher than the other by Δh, which is equal to P/γ, γ being the specific gravity of water, and P being the internal pressure of the closed space S. As the supply of the compressed air to the closed space S is continued, the closed space S expands, but it does not do so backward, because the water pressure it confronts at the lower water level is greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag 1 to evert. Thus, as the supply of the compressed air is continued, the compressed air does not flow backward and up along the manhole 11, but causes the tubular liner bag 1 to evert further prompted by the increased pressure in the closed space S; thus the tubular liner bag 1 advances leftward in the pipe 10, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 3. As described above, in this embodiment, the air bag 2 is not attached to the tubular liner bag 1, and is merely sandwiched between the inner wall of the pipe 10 and the tubular liner bag 1, so that there will not occur the problem with the conventional practice that the air bag 2 is torn apart from the tubular liner bag 1 to cause the tubular liner bag 1 to burst. Also, unlike the conventional practice, there is no need for attaching the air bag 2 to the tubular liner bag 1 beforehand, so that it is possible to use the ordinary tubular bag as it is; therefore, the cost for the lining can be lower. Furthermore, the closed space S is formed as compressed air is supplied into the tubular liner bag 1 which is partially inserted in the pipe 10, and the further everting of the tubular liner bag 1 in the pipe 10 is effected by means of the high pressure of the compressed air supplied into the closed space S, so that the apparatus for eversion installed on the ground can be small and compact, and it is possible to conduct the eversion with high operational efficiency and ease. Next, with reference to Fig. 4, the second embodiment of the method of the invention will be described. Fig. 4 is a sectional side view of a site of a pipe repair useful to explain the eversion procedure of the second embodiment, and in Fig. 4 the same reference numerals are used for elements which have corresponding elements in Figs. 1 through 3. This second embodiment is applied to cases wherein the pipe 20 to be lined with the tubular liner bag 1 by eversion has a small inner diameter of 200 to 350 mm, and has a slope of 20° or greater, as shown in Fig. 4. According to the eversion procedure of this embodiment, the air bag 2 of the first embodiment can be dispensed with. With reference to Fig. 4, one end of the tubular liner bag 1 is anchored on a tubular rim 5a of a support frame 5, as shown in Fig. 4, and turned inside the rim 5a a little; then, into the small pocket caused by this turning, water is charged from a water hose 6. Thereupon, the water pressure causes the tubular liner bag 1 to evert and enter into the manhole. As the tubular liner bag 1 is everted further and reaches the bottom wall of the sloping pipe 20, it is turned to enter into the upstream side of the pipe 20, i.e. rightward, as seen in Fig. 4. Then, the tubular liner bag 1 is everted further into the pipe 20 until the head of the tubular liner bag 1 is substantially inserted in the sloping pipe 20. Now, the supply of water is stopped, and the tubular liner bag 1 stops everting. One end of an air hose 8, whose other end is connected to a compressor 7 installed on the ground, is attached to the outer surface (before everting) of the liner bag 1, and as the tubular liner bag 1 is everted, as shown in Fig. 4, the air hose 8 is drawn into the tubular liner bag 1 so that its attached end opens in the everted part of the tubular liner bag 1. Then, a cylindrical bar 9, which is held in such a manner that it lies vertical to the sheet of Fig. 4, is lowered in the manhole and pressed on a portion of the tubular liner bag 1; as a result, the tubular liner bag 1 is depressed at the portion where it is pressed. There are cases where it is not necessary to depress the tubular liner bag 1 with the bar 9. The compressor 7 is driven to supply compressed air to the tubular liner bag 1 via the air hose 8; then the supplied compressed air pushes away some water and forms a closed space S in the head portion of the everted tubular liner bag 1. At this moment, the water inside the tubular liner bag 1 has two levels one higher than the other by Δh, which is equal to P/γ, γ being the specific gravity of water, and P being the internal pressure of the closed space S. As the supply of the compressed air to the closed space S is continued, the closed space S expands, but it does not do so backward, because the water pressure it confronts at the lower water level is greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag 1 to evert. Thus, as the supply of the compressed air is continued, the compressed air does not flow backward and up along the manhole, but causes the tubular liner bag 1 to evert further prompted by the increased pressure in the closed space S; thus the tubular liner bag 1 advances upstream in the pipe 20, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 4. As described above, in this embodiment, no air bag is required unlike the first embodiment, so that it is possible to obtain the same effects with lower cost. As is clear from the above explanation, in the present invention, no air bag is attached to the tubular liner bag. Also, there is no need of attaching the air bag to the tubular liner bag beforehand, so that it is possible to use the ordinary tubular bag as it is; therefore, the cost for the lining can be lower. Furthermore, the closed space S is formed as compressed air is supplied into the tubular liner bag, and the everting of the tubular liner bag is effected by means of the high pressure of the compressed air supplied into the closed space S, so that the apparatus for eversion installed on the ground can be small and compact, and it is possible to conduct the eversion with high operational efficiency and ease. While the invention has been described in its preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For instance, the thermosetting resin may be replaced by another hardenable resin such as photosetting resin.

Claims: A method for everting a tubular liner bag (1) into a pipe (10) to line the pipe by applying the tubular liner bag on the inner wall of the pipe, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing the tubular liner bag (1) such that one end of an air hose (8) whose other end is connected to an air compressor (7) is attached to a suitable position of the outer surface of the liner bag prior to effecting eversion of the liner bag; (b) everting the tubular liner bag by means of water pressure into a vertical entrance to the pipe; (c) turning the head of the tubular liner bag toward that side of the pipe which is to be lined, when the head of the tubular liner bag reaches the inner wall of the pipe; (d) everting the tubular liner bag into the pipe; (e) stopping eversion of the tubular liner bag; (f) deforming the everted tubular liner bag such that it is approximately shaped like a letter J with the head portion of the tubular liner bag corresponding to the toe of the J-letter, and such that when compressed air of a pressure not substantially greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag to evert exists in the toe section of the J-letter shaped tubular liner bag, the air does not get to the long-leg section of the J-letter shaped bag from said toe section; and (g) operating said air compressor (7) to supply compressed air into the head portion of the tubular liner bag by way of said air hose (8) to thereby increase the internal pressure in the head portion of the tubular liner to values substantially greater than that required to force the tubular liner bag to evert; wherein said step (f) consists of the following substeps: (i) laying an inflatable air bag (2) adapted to inflate when supplied with compressed air in the pipe at an optimum location, (ii) supplying said inflatable air bag with compressed air to thereby inflate the air bag, and (iii) lowering a press means (9) down in said vertical entrance to depress an optimum location of the everted tubular liner bag (1); and wherein in said step (d) the tubular liner bag (1) is everted until the eversion head thereof is substantially beyond said air bag (2) laid in the pipe. A method for everting a tubular liner bag (1) into a pipe (10) to line the pipe by applying the tubular liner bag on the inner wall of the pipe, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing the tubular liner bag (1) such that one end of an air hose (8) whose other end is connected to an air compressor (7) is attached to a suitable position of the outer surface of the liner bag prior to effecting eversion of the liner bag; (b) everting the tubular liner bag by means of water pressure into a vertical entrance to the pipe; (c) turning the head of the tubular liner bag toward that side of the pipe which is to be lined, when the head of the tubular liner bag reaches the inner wall of the pipe; (d) everting the tubular liner bag into the pipe; (e) stopping eversion of the tubular liner bag; (f) deforming the everted tubular liner bag such that it is approximately shaped like a letter J with the head portion of the tubular liner bag corresponding to the toe of the J-letter, and such that when compressed air of a pressure not substantially greater than the pressure required to force the tubular liner bag to evert exists in the toe section of the J-letter shaped tubular liner bag, the air does not get to the long-leg section of the J-letter shaped bag from said toe section; and (g) operating said air compressor (7) to supply compressed air into the head portion of the tubular liner bag by way of said air hose (8) to thereby increase the internal pressure in the head portion of the tubular liner to values substantially greater than that required to force the tubular liner bag to evert; wherein said pipe (10) has a small inner diameter of 200 to 350 mm, and has a slope of 20° or greater, wherein in said step (c) the head of the tubular liner bag (1) is turned toward an upstream side of the pipe, and wherein said step (f) consists of a single substep of (i) lowering a press means (9) down in said vertical entrance to depress an optimum location of the everted tubular liner bag.

Inventors: KAMIYAMA TAKAO, YOKOSHIMA YASUHIRO, KAMIYAMA, TAKAO, YOKOSHIMA, YASUHIRO, YOKOSHIMA, YASUHIRO,
Applicants: SHONAN GOSEI JUSHI SEISAKUSHO, YOKOSHIMA & CO, SHONAN GOSEI - JUSHI SEISAKUSHO K.K., YOKOSHIMA & COMPANY
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B29C63
IPC codes: B29C63, B29L23, F16L55, F16L57, E03C1