SHAMPOO COMPOSITIONS

Abstract: Shampoo compositions comprising three components, namely at least one amphoteric compound, of the alkylaminopolyamphocarboxyglycinate type, a mixture of two monoethanol amides and an anionic surfactant. Optionally there also may be other amphoterics present.

Description: SHAMPOO COMPOSITIONS The present invention relates to shampoo compositions with good foam building properties, providing body for the hair, silky feel to the hair and very good hair combing properties. Shampoo compositions providing conditioning to the hair are already known and are described in the art of shampoo formulating. Conventional conditioning agents currently used are e.g. cationic surfactants and cationic polymers. Some of these cationic materials cannot in general be used with cleaning anionic surfactants and still deliver satisfactory hair conditioning. Another problem is that the normally compatible types of conditioners, the cationic polymers, may cause so called "build-up" on the hair after repeated usage, which may result in lank or greasy hair. In EP-A2-152194 a conditioning shampoo is disclosed containing a quaternary ammonium or imidazolinium compound in conjunction with higher alkylamido betaines as amphoteric surfactants and a inofunctional silicones. The latter are said to improve properties such as dry combing and body of the hair. A hair conditioning composition is disclosed in the Swedish patent application 8004858-0, wherein the conditioning is provided by the combination of a cationic polymer and an amphoteric surfactant forming a conditioning complex on the hair. This complex is said to have the advantage of being retained on the hair even after several washes. EP-A3-160507 relates to a conditioning shampoo which avoids a problem arising from the presence of the convention¬ al conditioning agents in shampoo formulations. By the frequent use of these shampoo formulations the substantivity of the conditionig agent on the hair leads to a build up of the same, making the hair go greasy more quickly. The shampoo of the patent solves this problem by providing a shampoo free from the traditional conditioners but comprising at least two amphoteric surfactants, the first being a non-irritant cleaner and the second primarily acting as a conditioner. The shampoo also optionally contains an anionic surfactant. Furthermore, shampoo compositions like those disclosed in EP-A3-160507, may often contain viscosity builders and foaming agents, such as diethanol amides of fatty acids like coconut diethanol amide. However, one drawback of this type of diethanol amides are that they contain small amounts, e.g. 140 to 2000 ppb (part per billion) , of nitroso compounds, a highly undesirable contaminant. EP-A2-214868 and WO 92/05236 disclose a cleaning composition and a dishwashing composition, respectively. These compositions contains at least one amphoteric compound and at least one anionic compound. Furthermore, they may contain lauryl diethanol amide or an amine oxide as a foaming agent. The shampoo compositions of the present invention provide a conditioning benefit to the hair, resulting in body for the hair with silky feel and very good combing properties, without any build up of conditioning agent on the surface of the hair. They also provide good foam building properties and suitable viscosity building with a negligible level of nitroso contaminants. The present shampoo compositions comprise three essential components, namely at least one amphoteric compound being of the alkylaminopolyamphocarboxyglycinate type, a mixture of two monoethanol amides and an anionic surfactant. Optionally there may also be other amphoterics present, chosen from the groups as defined below. The amphoteric compound which is present in the composition is of the alkylaminopolyamphocarboxyglycinate type of the general formula R(CO) n - [N - (CH 2 ) x ] y - N - Q (I) B B wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of from 7 to 22 carbon atoms, n is 0 or l, x is 2 or 3, y is an integer of 0 to 4, preferably from 2 to 3, Q is CH 2 COOM of CH 2 CH 2 COOM, wherein M is hydrogen or a monovalent cation, such as alkali metals, ammonium or substituted ammonium, and B is hydrogen or a group Q as defined. This amphoteric is mainly used as a lather former and cleaning agent. It also reduces the irritation from irritating anionic surfactants which are normally always included in shampoo formulations. One example of it is the commercially available Ampholak 7CX/C, sold by Berol Nobel AB, Sweden. In this prouct R=coco alkyl; n=0, x=y=3 and Q=B=C 2 H 4 COONa. Another example is Ampholak X07, sold by Berol Nobel AB, Sweden. In this product R=rapeseed alkyl; n=0; x=y=3 and Q=B=C 2 H 4 COONa The optional amphoterics which can be present, are preferably of two different types, the first one being a mixture of the general formulae R - CO - N - CH 2 CH 2 - N - CH 2 COOM (Ha) I \ CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 2 COOM and R - CO - N - CH 2 CH 2 - N - CH 2 COOM (lib) I \ H CH 2 CH 2 OH wherein R and M have the same meanings as defined above. The weight by weight ratio of the compound of (Ha) to that of (lib) in the mixture is within the range of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably witin the range of 1:5 to 5:1. The main purpose of this mixture is the use as a hydrotrope and solubilizer. An example of it is the commercially available Ampholak XCO-30, sold by Berol Nobel AB, Sweden. In this product mixture R=coco alkyl and M=Na. The second type of optional amphoteric is chosen among the betaines with the general formula CH 3 / R a - N + - ( CH 2 ) m C00M ( III ) CH 3 wherein R a is a hydrocarbyl chain of 7-21 carbon atoms and preferably is an alkyl or alkenyl radical of from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; m is 1 or 2; and M is preferably H or a monovalent cation, such as sodium ion. An example is Amphoteen® 24, commercially available from Berol Nobel AB, Sweden. In this product R a =Coco alkyl, m=l, and M=Na. The second essential component of the shampoo composition is a mixture of two different monoethanol amides in a weight by weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 1:4 to 4:1, of the general formula O / . R b - C - N - R 1 - (OCH 2 CH 2 ) p - OH ( IV) H wherein R 1 is an alkyl group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms; p is an integer of from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 4, and most preferably from 1 to 4; and R b represents a fatty acid radical (aliphatic group such as saturated and unsaturated alkyl groups) with 9 to 23 carbon atoms derived from a vegetable oil, preferably rapeseed oil and coconut oil. In a preferred blend 10-90%, preferably 40-80% by weight are amides, where Rj, has from 9-14 carbon atoms, and 10-90, preferably 20-60% by weight are amides where R b has from 15-23 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable blends are blends between coconut fatty acid monoethanol amides and rapeseed fatty acid monoethanol amides including ethoxylates thereof in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably in a weight ratio of 1:4 to 4:1. Besides the viscosity building activity the mixture of monoethanol amides has a foam stabilizing and foam boosting activity. Anionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the com¬ positions are those generally used in personal care products and include alkylsulfates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyglucoside sulfates, fatty acid polyglyceride sulfates, fatty acylamido polyoxyethylene sulfate, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N- acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates and fatty acid/protein condensates, and mixtures thereof. The alkyl and/or acyl groups for these surfactants contain 8-22, preferably 10-18 carbon atoms. Preferred from the viewpoint of optimum performance alkyl ether sulphates and alcohol sulphates, especially the salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol with 10-18 carbon atoms and from about 1 to about 5 moles of ethylene oxide, with sodium, ammonium or magnesium being the preferred counterions. One preferred anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl ether sulphate with two ethyleneoxy units. The anionic surfactants act as foam builders and cleansing agents. In addition to the above components other optional ingredients may also be included in the present compositions, such as preservatives, pearlescent agents, colourants and fragance. Preservatives may e.g. include Euxyl K 100 (Schϋlke and Mayr) , benzyl alcohol, methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone. The pearlescent agent may e.g. be Empicol XP40 (Albright & Wilson) .The colourants may e.g. include FDC Yellow and FDC Orange 4. The pH of the composition should be within a range of 5.0 to 7.0, and preferably 5.5. A pH adjusting agent can be used, such as an organic acid, e.g. citric or lactic acid, or an inorganic acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid. The shampoo compositions of the invention comprise: 10-60%, preferably 15-35%, of the amphoteric component; 5- 40%, preferably 10-25%, of the blend of monoethanol amides; and 15-85%, preferably 35-65%, of the anionic surfactant, by weight of the total of these three components. The invention is illustrated by means of the following examples. Example 1 Two different shampoo compositions according to the invention were prepared containing the ingredients as set forth in Table 1. Table 1 Composition Composition 1 2 Anionic sulphate 27.5% 25.0% Ampholak 7CX/C 10.0% - Ampholak MSX-2 10.0% Amide CMA/2 3.0% 2.0% Amide RMA/2 1.0% 1.0% Empicol XP40 5.0% 5.0% Preservative (Euxyl K100) 0.1% 0.1% Perfume (Duffi 0/662601 ex Dragoco) 0.1% 0.1% FDC Yellow 5 0.00025% - FDC Orange 4 - 0.00025% Demineralized Water Balance Balance Citric Acid qs qs 100.0% 100.0% Anionic surfactant: Sodium lauryl di(oxyethylene) sulphate Ampholak MSX-2: Blend of amphoterics Ampholak 7CX/C 45%, Amphoteen 24 35%, Ampholak XCO-30 20% Amide CMA/2 = Coco monoethanol amide 2EO Amide RMA/2 = Rapeseed monoethanol amide 2EO In the compositions 1 and 2 a level of 3-8 ppb for the nitroso contaminant has been found, which is negligible. To evaluate compositions 1 and 2, a so called "half head" testing method was used. With the half head test, shampoos can be tested and compared in pairs. A single head of hair is washed using two products, one on each half. This allows direct performance comparisons to be made. Several parameters are assessed, e.g. volume and texture of foam, wet and dry feel, etc. Each one is given a score. The results are then calculated and presented as graphs or in tables. For comparison a leading UK conditioning shampoo (Timotej) was tested in the same manner. The results from two test series using 5 and 20 heads respectively gave in all respect a similar or improved performance for the inventive products in comparison with the commercial shampoo. The inventive shampoos showed excellent conditioning properties with a silky afterfeel, a good wet feel and rinseability among other things without the inclusion of any traditional (polymeric) type of conditioning additives. Example 2 The compositions in Table 2 below were prepared. Table 2 Compounds Compositions, % by weight 1 2 A B C Compound with formula I 10 10 10 10 R=coco alkyl; n=0; x=y=3 B=Q=C 2 H 4 COONa Compound with formula I 10 R=rapeseed alkyl; n=0; x=y=3; B=Q=C 2 H 4 COONa Lauryl-2EO-sulphate 27.5 27.5 25.5 27.5 27.5 Pearlescent agent 5 5 5 5 5 Coco alkyl monoethanol 3 3 4 - - amide + 2EO Rapeseed alkyl mono¬ 1 1 - 4 - ethanol amide + 2EO Dimethyl amino oxide - - - - 4 Water rest rest rest rest rest The pH-value of the compositions were adjusted to 5.5 and then tested with regard to the viscosity at 20°C in accordance with Hδppler; the foam volume stability measured as the difference in foam volume with and without sebium (1 g/1) after 5 minutes in accordance with Wilmsmann; and the lather drainage stability measured as the difference in lather drainage after 5 minutes with and without sebium (1 g/1) in accordance with Wilmsmann. The following results were obtained. Table 3 Properties Compositions 1 2 A B C Viscosity, cP 6300 8100 3900 solid 4800 Foam volume 10 100 260 170 240 stability, ml L Father drainage 11 8 47 73 60 stability, s From the result it is evident that the composition in accordance with the invention has a viscosity that makes them suitable to be used in shampoo compositions. Furthermore, the foam volume and lather drainage created are unusually stable and are comparatively unaffected on the presence of greasy materials like sebium.

Claims: C L A I M S 1. Shampoo composition comprising (i) (a) at least one amphoteric compound of the general formula R(C0) n - [N - (CH 2 ) x ] y - N - Q (I) B B wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group of from 7 to 22 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, x is 2 or 3, y is an integer of 0 to 4, preferably from 2 to 3, Q is CH 2 COOM or CH 2 CH 2 C00M, wherein M is hydrogen or a monovalent cation, and B is hydrogen or a group Q as defined. (b) an amphoteric substance comprising a mixture of the general formulae R - CO - N - CH 2 CH 2 - N - CH 2 COOM (Ha) CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 2 COOM and R - CO - N - CH 2 CH 2 - N - CH 2 COOM ( lib) H CH 2 CH 2 OH wherein R and M have the same meanings as defined above; and/or (c) an amphoteric compound of the general formula wherein Rj is a hydrocarbyl chain of 7-21 carbon atoms and preferably is an alkyl or alkenyl radical of from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; m is 1 or 2; and M has the same meaning as above. (ii) a mixture of two different monoethanol amides of the general formula O R b - C - NH - R 1 - (0CH 2 CH 2 ) p - OH (IV) wherein R 1 is an alkyl group with 2 to 4 carbon atoms; p is an integer of from 0 to 10, preferably from 0 to 4, and most preferably from 1 to 4; and R b represents a fatty acid radical with 9 to 23 carbon atoms derived from a vegetable oil; and (iii) one or more anionic surfactants; comprising 10-60%, preferably 15-35%, of the amphoteric component; 5-40%, preferably 10-25%, of the blend of monoethanol amides; and 15-85%, preferably 35-65%, of the anionic surfactant, by weight of the total of these three components. 2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising from 15 to 35% of the amphoteric component, from 10 to 25% of the monoethanol amides and from 35 to 65% of the anionic surfactant, by weight of the total of these three components. 3. A composition according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the monoethanol amides are co prosed of a mixture of coconut fatty acid monoethanol amide and rapeseed fatty acid monoethanol amide in a weight by weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1. 4. A composition according to claim 3, wherein said weight ratio is from 1:4 to 4:1. 5. A composition according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 containing an alkanolamide blend where 40-80% of the alkanolamides have a R b group having 9-14 carbon atoms and 20-60% by weight of the alkanolamides have a R b group having 15-23 carbon atoms. 6. A composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the weight ratio of the amphoteric compounds of the formulae (Ha) and (lib) is within the range of 1:10 to 10:1. 7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein said ratio is within the range of 1:5 to 5:1. 8. A composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the anionic surfactant is chosen from the group of alkyl ether sulfates and alcohol sulfates. 9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein the anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl ether sulfate 2 EO. 10. A composition ccording to any of the preceding claims wherein the pH is between 5.0 to 7.0.

Inventors: PALICKA JADWIGA, POOL HAZEL, PALICKA, JADWIGA, POOL, HAZEL
Applicants: BEROL NOBEL AB, PALICKA JADWIGA, POOL HAZEL, PALICKA, JADWIGA, POOL, HAZEL
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61K8, A61Q5, C11D3