Preparation of beta-lactam compounds, and intermediates therefor

Abstract: A process for preparing a β-lactam compound of the formula (I): which comprises cyclization of an azetidinone derivative of the formula: in which R¹ is hydrogen, alkyl which is optionally substituted, or amino which is optionally substituted; R² is a carboxy - protecting group; and X is alkylene which is optionally intervened by -O- or -S-, and/or which is optionally substituted; and R³ is aryl which is optionally substituted.

Description: The present invention relates to a useful process for preparing β-lactam antibiotics, and specifically to a process for preparing carbapenam derivatives, which are useful intermediates for the preparation of β-lactam antibiotics, as well as intermediates which are useful for the process. More specifically, the present invention relates to a process for preparation of β-lactam antibiotics which comprises cyclization of useful azetidinone derivatives, as well as such azetidinone derivatives. Currently, β-lactam antibiotics are clinically used in the treatment of infections. The β-lactam antibiotics may be classified, and include antibiotics having carbapenam or the carbapenem nucleus, which belong to newer types of antibiotics. A process for preparation of carbapenam or carbapenem antibiotics may involve a process which comprises making derivatives having the carbapenam nucleus from azetidinone derivatives. Such a process is described in EP 0037080 A1, and is as shown below: This process involves cyclization which comprises heating the diazo compound at 50-100 °C, and preferably heating in the presence of a catalyst, CuSO 4 , Pd(OAc) 2 , or Rh 2 (OAc) 4 . To date, the process has been utilized industrially in large scale. However, the above process is disadvantageous in that the azide reagent and the diazo compound used in the process are explosive when they are heated. In other words, it is very dangerous to treat a large amount of the diazo compound. Accordingly, the above process is not desirable as an industrial process for preparation of carbapenem antibiotics. The applicants have experimented and found a safe and convenient process for the preparation of carbapenem antibiotics, which does not comprise using the above azide reagent and diazo compound. The present invention relates to a process for preparing a β-lactam compound of the formula (I): in which R 1 is hydrogen; straight or branched C 1 - C 6 alkyl which is optionally substituted by halogen or hydroxy which may be substituted by a hydroxy-protecting group selected from C 1 - C 4 alkoxycarbonyl; halogenated (C 1 - C 3 alkoxy) carbonyl; benzyloxycarbonyl of which the benzene ring may have a substituent or substituents selected from o-nitro, p-nitro and P-methoxy; tri-(C 1 - C 4 )alkylsilyl; C 1 - C 4 alkoxymethyl; C 1 - C 4 alkoxy (C 1 - C 4 ) alkoxymethyl; C 1 - C 4 alkylthiomethyl; or tetrahydropyranyl, or amino which is optionally substituted by an amino protecting group selected from C 1 - C 8 alkyl; C 7 - C 20 aralkyl; C 6 - C 12 arylthio; C 1 - C 8 alkylidene; C 7 - C 14 aralkylidene; C 1 - C 8 alkanoyl; C 7 - C 15 aralkanoyl; C 7 - C 15 aroyl; C 2 - C 12 alkoxycarbonyl; C 8 - C 15 aralkoxycarbonyl; C 3 - C 10 dibasic acid acyl; halosulfonyl; C o - C 10 phosphate acyl; C 3 - C 15 trialkylsilyl; and C 3 - C 15 trialkylstannyl R 2 is a carboxy-protecting group selected from C 1 - C 4 alkyl; halogenated C 1 - C 3 alkyl; C 1 - C 4 alkoxymethyl; C 1 - C 5 alkanoyloxymethyl; 1-(C 1 - C 4 alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl; C 3 - C 10 alkenyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkyl or phenyl; phenyl (C 1 - C 4 ) alkyl of which benzene ring may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkoxy, nitro or halogen; diphenyl (C 1 - C 4 ) alkyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkoxy; phenyl which may be substituted by halogen, nitro or C 1 - C 4 alkoxy; pyridyl or pyrimidyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkyl; and phthalydyl; X is methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene or pentylene, which can be intervened by -O-, or -S-, and/or be substituted by a substituent which is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, phenyl or lower alkenyl, including -OCH 2 -, -SCH 2 -, -O-(CH 2 )- 2 , -S(CH 2 ) 2 or a group of the formula: which comprises cyclization of an azetidinone derivative of the formula: wherein R 1 , R 2 , and X are defined above, and R 3 is phenyl or naphthyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, amino or nitro. In the above formula, the term "alkyl" in the definition of R 1 refers to a straight or branched C 1 - C 6 alkyl group, and preferably refers to a straight or branched C 1 - C 4 alkyl group. Substituents on the alkyl are halogen or hydroxy which may be substituted by a hydroxy-protecting group. The protecting groups of hydroxy are selected from C 1 - C 4 alkoxycarbonyl (for example, t-butyloxy-carbonyl), halogenated (C 1 - C 3 ) alkoxycarbonyl (for example, 2-iodethyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl), benzyloxycarbonyl of which benzene ring may have substituent(s) selected from o-nitro, p-nitro, p-methoxy; tri-(C 1 - C 4 )alkysilyl (for example, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl), C 1 - C 4 alkoxymethyl (for example, methoxymethyl), C 1 - C 4 alkoxy (C 1 - C 4 )alkoxymethyl (for example, 2-methoxymethyl), C 1 - C 4 alkylthiomethyl (for example, methylthiomethyl), and tetrahydropyranyl. Preferably, R 1 is hydroxyethyl. The substituent on the amino group of R 1 is an amino-protecting group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which can be removed without any inconvenient changes in another moiety on the molecule, and which have been used in the field of penicillin and cephalosporin. Substituents are selected from an alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (t-butyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, trichloroethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and so on), an aralkyl having 7 to 20 carbon atoms (benzyl, diphenylmethyl, trityl, methoxybenzyl, nitrobenzyl, methylbenzyl, and so on), an arylthio having 6 to 12 carbon atoms (nitrophenylthio, and so on), an alkylidene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aralkylidene having 7 to 14 carbon atoms (benzylidene, or substituted benzylidene), an acyl (alkanoyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (formyl, acetyl, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, and so on), an aralkanoyl having 7 to 15 carbon atoms (phenylacetyl, phenylglycyl, phenylglycosyl, phenylmaronyl, thiazolylacetyl, aminothiazolyl-a-hydroxyiminoacetyl, and so on), an aroyl having 7 to 15 carbon atoms (benzoyl, nitrobenzoyl, and so on), an alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms (in which the alkyl moiety is methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropylethyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isobutyl, trichloroethyl, pyridylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and so on), an aralkoxycarbonyl having 8 to 15 carbon atoms (in which the aralkyl moiety is benzyl, diphenylmethyl, nitrobenzyl, and so on), a dibasic acid acyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (succinyl, phthaloyl, and so on), a halosulfonyl, a phosphate acyl having 0 to 10 carbon atoms (dialkoxyphophoryl, dichlorophophoryl, and so on), a trialkylsilyl having 3 to 15 carbon atoms and a trialkystannyl having 3 to 15 carbon atoms each of which groups may be further substituted. In the above formula, the term "carboxy-protecting group" in R 2 refers to lower alkyl such as C 1 - C 4 alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl), halogenated C 1 - C 3 alkyl (for example, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl), C 1 - C 4 alkoxymethyl (methoxymethyl, ethoxylmethyl, isobutoxymethyl), C 1 - C 5 alkanoyloxymethyl (for example, acetoxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, butyryloxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl), 1-(C 1 - C 4 alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl (for example, 1-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl, 1-ethoxycarbonyloxy-ethyl), C 3 - C 10 alkenyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkyl or phenyl (for example, allyl, 2-methylallyl, 3-methylallyl, 3-phenylallyl), phenyl (C 1 - C 4 )alkyl of which benzene ring may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkoxy, nitro or halogen (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-chlorobenzyl), diphenyl(C 1 - C 4 ) alkyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkoxy (for example, diphenylmethyl, di-p-anisylmethyl), phenyl which may be substituted by halogen, nitro, or C 1 - C 4 alkoxy, (for example, phenyl, p-chlorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, o-nitrophenyl, p-methoxyphenyl), a pyridyl or pyrimidyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkyl (for example, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 2-(4, 6-dimethyl)pyrimidyl), and phthalydyl. In the above formula, R 3 means phenyl or naphthyl, which may be substituted by halogen, alkyl, C 1 - C 4 alkoxy, hydroxy, amino or nitro. A particularly preferred group is phenyl. An "alkylene" in the definition of X includes C 1 - C 5 alkylene, more preferably X includes C 1 - C 3 alkylene, and is examplified by methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, and pentylene. This alkylene can be intervened by -O-, or -S-, and/or be substituted by a substituent which is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, phenyl or lower alkenyl. This includes -OCH 2 -, -SCH 2 -,-O(CH 2 )- 2 , -S(CH 2 ) 2 or a group of the formula: One preferred group is an "alkylidene group" of the formula: C n H 2n+1 CH= wherein n is an integer which is equal to or above 0, and preferably, an integer of 0 to 5. The alkylidene includes ethylidene (CH 3 CH=), propylidene (CH 3 CH 2 CH=), isopropylidene ((CH 3 ) 2 C=), and so on. Preferably, the alkylidene is ethylidene. The process of the present invention involves the step which comprises synthesizing β-lactam compounds from azetidinone derivatives. The reaction of the process is conducted in a solvent which does not afford an adverse effect to the reaction, and preferably in an aprotic solvent. The preferred aprotic solvent includes methylene chloride, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and so on. The reaction is substantially completed within several e.g. ten minutes to several e.g. ten hours at -20°C to 100°C, preferably at -10°C to 50°C, and most preferably under ice-cooling to at room temperature. The present process is preferably conducted in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst may effect cyclization of the compound (II). Preferably, the catalyst includes transition metals, and in particular rhodium salts. The rhodium salts include a salt forming with a carboxylic acid, and specifically include acetate (Rh 2 (OAc) 4 ), trifluoroacetate (Rh 2 (CF 3 CO 2 ) 4 ), pivalate (Rh 2 ((CH 3 ) 3 CCO 2 ) 4 ), octanate (Rh 2 (C 7 H 15 COO) 4 ). The amount of the catalyst varies depending on the kind of catalyst used, reaction temperature, and so on, and preferably, the amount is 0.001 to 0.1 mole per mole of azetidinone derivative. According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a novel azetidinone derivative of the formula (II): wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and X are as defined above. The azetidinone derivative is produced by reacting a compound of the formula (III): wherein R 1 , R 2 , and X are as defined above, with a compound of the formula: R 3 -I(Q) 2 wherein R 3 is as defined above, and Q is a substituent derived from an anion part of an acid. In the formula: R 3 -I(Q) 2 , Q is a substituent derived from an anion part of an acid including an organic acid, and an inorganic acid. The organic acid includes carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids. The inorganic acid includes halogenated hydro-acids such as HF, HCl, HBr. A preferred compound of R 3 -I(Q) 2 includes PhI(OCOCH 3 ) 2 , PhI(OCOCF 3 ) 2 , PhIF 2 . The reaction of the process is conducted in a solvent in the presence of a base. The solvent includes ones which do not afford an adverse effect to the reaction, and preferably the solvent is an alcoholic solvent such as methanol. An organic base (tertiary amine, aromatic base), or an inorganic base (oxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and so on) can be used as the base. The compound of the formula (III) can be produced according to the known method in the art of the field of β- lactam antibiotics. The compound of the formula (II) also can be produced using (PhIO)n, PhI(OH)OTs, etc. instead of R 3 -I(Q) 2 according to the method of the literature [Varvoglis A., Synthesis, 709 (1984), and Moriarty R.H., Valid R.K., Synthesis, 431 (1990)]. The present invention provides a process for preparing a β-lactam compound of the formula (I) via the azetidinone derivative of the formula (II), and specifically a process for preparing a β-lactam compound of the formula (I): in which R 1 , R 2 , and X are as defined above; which comprises reacting a compound of the formula (III): wherein R 1 , R 2 , and X are as defined above, with a compound of the formula: R 3 -I(Q) 2 wherein R 3 is as defined above to give the azetidinone derivative of the formula: wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and X are as defined above and then, the latter derivative is cyclized. The compound of the formula (I) obtained from the process of the present invention can be used as starting material of the compound of the formula: , which is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application No. 221767/1992. For example, the compound (I) is esterified by reacting with phosphate to give an activated compound, which is reacted with a thiol compound to give 2-thio-carbapenem compound; or chlorinated to give a 3-chloro-carbacephem compound. Examples The present invention is illustrated in more detail by the following Examples and Reference Example. Example 1 Diphenylmethyl (1R, 5R, 6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1-carbapenam-3-carboxylate (compound 3) I. (3S,4R)-3-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-[(R)-3-diphenylmethoxy - carbonyl-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyliodoniopropyl]-azetidin-2-one (compound 2) (Method A) Iodobenzene diacetate (1.68 g, 5.22 mmole) was dissolved in 20 ml of methanol, and 1.26 N solution of sodium methylate (8.28 ml, 10.4 mmole) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, compound 1: (3S,4R)-3-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-[(R)-3-diphenylmethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl]-azetidin-2-one (2.00 g, 5.06 mmole) was added thereto, and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added to the residue, and then the precipitated sodium acetate was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated, and ethyl acetate (10 ml) and hexane (40 ml) were added to the residue. The resultant crystals were filtered to yield compound 2 (2.70 g, 89%) as a pale yellow crystal. (Method B) Iodobenzene diacetate (420 mg, 1.30 mmole) was dissolved in 5 ml of methanol, and potassium carbonate (180 mg, 1.30 mmole) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, compound 1 (500 mg, 1.27 mmole) was added thereto, and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and ethyl acetate (8 ml) was added to the residue, and then the precipitated potassium acetate was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated, and ethyl acetate (4 ml) and hexane (20 ml) were added to the residue. The resultant crystals were filtered to yield compound 2 (702 mg, 93%) as a pale yellow crystal. Compound 2: mp;109-111°C 1 H-NMR(CDCl 3 ) δ: 7.66 (2H, d, J=8.2Hz), 7.53 (1H, t, J=8.2Hz), 7.4-7.2 (12H,m), 6.86 (1H,s), 6.05 (1H, brs), 4.14-3.88 (2H, m), 3.77 (1H, dd, J=1.8Hz, 8.3Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J=1.8Hz, 8.8Hz), 1.26 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.20 (3H, d, J=6.8Hz); IR (CHCl 3 ) cm -1 : 3400 (br), 1752, 1655, 1560, 1545, 1538, 1380, 1370, 1340. II. The title compound 3 To the suspension which had been prepared by suspending compound 2 obtained in the step I (200 mg, 0.335 mmole) in 6 ml of dichloromethane, was added rhodium acetate (1.5 mg, 0.0034 mmole), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, and the dilution was washed once with water, once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The resultant residue was purified by chromatography (using toluene : ethyl acetate : acetic acid = 250 : 250 : 1 as an eluent) to yield 113 mg of compound 3 as a colorless foam (86%). Compound 3: 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 7.4-7.2 (10H, m), 6.87 (1H, s), 4.76 (1H, s), 4.29 (1H, quintet, J=6.5Hz), 4.22 (1H, dd, J=2.3Hz, 7.9Hz), 3.24 (1H, dd, J=2.3Hz, 7.0Hz), 2.77 (1H, quintet, J=7.7Hz), 1.37 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.20 (3H, d, J=7.8Hz); IR (CHCl 3 ) cm -1 : 3600, 3500 (br), 1765, 1750 (shoulder), 1495, 1455, 1380, 1360, 1295. Example 2 p-Nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S)-6-[(R)-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-diphenylphosphoryloxy-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylate (compound 6) I. (3S, 4R)-3-[(R)-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl]-4-[(R)-1-methyl-3-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-phenyliodoniopropyl]-azetidin-2-one (compound 5) Compound 4, (3S, 4R)-3-[(R)-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-ethyl]-4-[(R)-1-methyl-3-p-nitorobenzyloxycarbonyl-2-oxopropyl]-azetidin-2-one (500 mg, 1.04 mmole) was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol, and the solution was cooled down to -5°C. To the cooled solution were added a solution of potassium hydroxide (136 mg, 2.08 mmole) in 1 ml of methanol, and then, a solution of iodobenzene diacetate (337 mg, 1.05 mmole) in 2 ml of methanol, and the resultant mixture was stirred at -10 to -5 °C for 40 minutes. To the mixture was added ice-cold water, and the resultant mixture was extracted twice with dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated to yield 606 mg of compound 5 as pale yellow crystals (86%). Compound 5: 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 8.18-8.14 (2H, m), 7.7-7.3 (7H, m), 6.10 (1H, brs), 5.17 (2H, s), 4.36-4.22 (1H, m), 4.22-4.08 (1H, m), 3.86 (1H, dd, J=2.1Hz, 4.1Hz), 3.04-2.97 (1H, m), 1.17 (3H, d, J=6.8Hz), 1.14 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 0.84 (9H, s), 0.05 (3H, s), 0.04 (3H, s). II. The title compound 6 To the solution which had been prepared by dissolving compound 5 obtained above (120 mg, 0.176 mmole) in 1 ml of dichloromethane, was added 8 mg of rhodium acetate (0.018 mmole), and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue which contained p-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S)-6-[(R)-1-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylate was dissolved in 2 ml of acetonitrile, and 44 µl of diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.212 mmole) and 37 µl of diisopropylethylamine (0.212 mmole) were added thereto under ice-cooling, and the resultant mixture was stirred for 50 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed each once with diluted hydrochloric acid, 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and brine. Then, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (using toluene : ethyl acetate = 10:1 as an eluent) to yield 50 mg of compound 6 as colorless foam (40%). Compound 6: 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 8.2-8.1 (2H, m), 7.6-7.15 (12H, m), 5.33, 5.23 (2H, ABq, J=13.6Hz), 4.32-4.15 (1H, m), 4.19 (1H, dd, J=3.0Hz, 7.6Hz), 3.54-3.34 (1H, m), 3.28 (1H, dd, J=3.0Hz, 5.7Hz), 1.23 (3H, d, J=6Hz), 1.20 (3H, d, J=6Hz), 0.86 (9H, s), 0.07 (3H, s), 0.06 (3H, s). Example 3 p-Nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-1-carbapenam-3-carboxylate (compound 13) I. (3S, 4R)-3-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-[(R)-1-methyl-3-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-phenyliodonyopropyl]-azetidin-2-one (compound 12) To the solution which had been prepared by dissolving 456 mg of iodobenzene diacetate in 5 ml of methanol, was added 196 mg of potassium carbonate (1.42 mmole), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The resultant mixture was cooled up to -78 °C, and 500 mg of compound 11, (3S, 4R)-3-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-[(R)-1-methyl-3-p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-2-oxopropyl]-azetidin-2-one was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and 8 ml of ethyl acetate was added to the residue. The insoluble potassium acetate was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated. To the residue were added 5 ml of ethyl acetate and 15 ml of hexane to form crystals, which were obtained by filtration. The resultant crystals were washed with water, and dried to yield 676 mg of compound 12 as white crystals (87%). Compound 12: mp: 88-89°C 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 8.17 (2H, d, J=8.5Hz), 7.74 (2H, d, J=8.5Hz), 7.58 (1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.43-7.35 (4H, m), 6.15 (1H, brs), 5.20 (2H, s), 4.2-3.85 (2H, m), 3.81 (1H, dd, J=1.9Hz, 8.5Hz), 3.74 (1H, s), 2.72 (1H, brd, J=8Hz), 1.28 (3H, d, J=6.8Hz), 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.4Hz). IR (CHCl 3 )cm -1 : 3400 (br), 1750, 1655, 1520, 1380, 1370, 1340. II The title compound 13 To the solution which had been prepared by dissolving 200 mg of compound 12 obtained above (0.353 mmole) in 6 ml of dichloromethane, was added 1.6 mg of rhodium acetate (0.0036 mmole), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, and the dilution was washed once with water, and once with brine. This is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography over silica gel eluting with toluene : ethyl acetate : acetic acid = 250:250:1, to yield 107 mg of compound 13 as colorless foam (84%), which contained 5% 1-α isomer resulting from this chromatography. Compound 13: 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 8.24 (2H, d, J=8.6Hz), 7.54 (2H, d, J=8.6Hz), 5.34 and 5.27 (2H, ABq, J=13.3Hz), 4.75 (1H, s), 4.34 (1H, quintet, J=6.5Hz), 4.25 (1H, dd, J=2.2Hz, 7.8Hz), 3.28 (1H, dd, J=2.2Hz, 6.5Hz), 2.84 (1H, quintet, J=7.8Hz), 1.39 (3H, d, J=6.5Hz), 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.8Hz). IR (CHCl 3 ) cm -1 : 3590, 3500 (br), 1760, 1605, 1523, 1455, 1375, 1345.

Claims: A process for preparing a β-lactam compound of the formula (I): in which R 1 is hydrogen; straight or branched C 1 - C 6 alkyl which is optionally substituted by halogen or hydroxy which may be substituted by a hydroxy-protecting group selected from C 1 - C 4 alkoxycarbonyl; halogenated (C 1 - C 3 alkoxy) carbonyl; benzyloxycarbonyl of which the benzene ring may have a substituent or substituents selected from o-nitro, p-nitro and p-methoxy; tri-(C 1 - C 4 )alkylsilyl; C 1 - C 4 alkoxymethyl; C 1 - C 4 alkoxy (C 1 - C 4 )alkoxymethyl; C 1 - C 4 alkylthiomethyl; or tetrahydropyranyl, or amino which is optionally substituted by an amino protecting group selected from C 1 - C 8 alkyl; C 7 - C 20 aralkyl; C 6 - C 12 arylthio; C 1 - C 8 alkylidene; C 7 - C 14 aralkylidene; C 1 - C 8 alkanoyl; C 7 - C 15 aralkanoyl; C 7 - C 15 aroyl; C 2 - C 12 alkoxycarbonyl; C 8 - C 15 aralkoxycarbonyl; C 3 - C 10 dibasic acid acyl; halosulfonyl; C o - C 10 phosphate acyl; C 3 - C 15 trialkylsilyl; and C 3 - C 15 trialkylstannyl R 2 is a carboxy-protecting group selected from C 1 - C 4 alkyl; halogenated C 1 - C 3 alkyl; C 1 - C 4 alkoxymethyl; C 1 - C 5 alkanoyloxymethyl; 1 - (C 1 - C 4 alkoxycarbonyloxy) ethyl; C 3 - C 10 alkenyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkyl or phenyl; phenyl (C 1 - C 4 ) alkyl of which benzene ring may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkoxy, nitro or halogen; diphenyl (C 1 - C 4 ) alkyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkoxy; phenyl which may be substituted by halogen, nitro or C 1 - C 4 alkoxy; pyridyl or pyrimidyl which may be substituted by C 1 - C 4 alkyl and phthalydyl X is methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene or pentylene, which can be intervened by -O-, or -S-, and/or be substituted by a substituent which is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, phenyl or lower alkenyl, including -OCH 2 -, -SCH 2 -, -O-(CH 2 )- 2 , -S (CH 2 ) 2 or a group of the formula: which comprises cyclization of an azetidinone derivative of the formula wherein R 1 , R 2 , and X are defined above, and R 3 is phenyl or naphthyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, amino or nitro. The process of Claim 1 in which the cyclization is conducted in the presence of a catalyst. The process of Claim 1 in which the azetidinone derivative is prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (III): wherein R 1 , R 2 and X are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of the formula: R 3 -I(Q) 2 wherein R 3 is as defined in Claim 1 and Q is a substituent derived from an anion part of an acid. The process of Claims 1 to 3 in which R 3 is phenyl, and Q is acetyloxy. A compound of the azetidinone derivative of the formula (II): wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and X are as defined in Claim 1. The compound of Claim 5 in which R 3 is phenyl. A process for preparing the azetidinone derivative of Claim 5 which comprises reacting the compound of formula (III): wherein R 1 , R 2 and X are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of the formula: R 3 -I(Q) 2 wherein R 3 is as defined in Claim 1 and Q is a substituent derived from an anion part of an acid.

Inventors: KUBOTA TADATOSHI, KUME MASAHARU, KUBOTA, TADATOSHI, KUME, MASAHARU
Applicants: SHIONOGI & CO, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: C07D477
IPC codes: C07D205, C07F9, C07D501, C07D477