AN EXPANDING METHOD AND A TOOL THEREFOR

Abstract: When expanding a pipe-end (1), there is used a tool which includes a plurality of jaws (8) that can be moved radially in relation to a centre axis (11), between a retracted position and an outer expanding position. The jaws are inserted to a given distance in the pipe-end (1) with the jaws in their retracted position. The jaws have outer surfaces (12) which lie adjacent one another in the retracted positions of the jaws and have a circular-arcuate shape in cross section for engagement with the inner surface of the pipe-end. The radial distance (22, 23) of the outer jaw surfaces (12) from the centre axis (11) increases from the insertion end (20) of the jaws to their opposite end (21). The pipe-end is expanded successively in several stages with relatively small jaw movements, wherein the jaws (8) are retracted and inserted further into the pipe-end between each expansion stage. The jaws (8) of the tool can be moved radially through a distance which is smaller than the ultimate radial expansion of the pipe-end (1).

Description: AN EXPANDING METHOD AND A TOOL THEREFOR The present invention relates to a method and to a tool for expanding a pipe-end in accordance with the preamble of Claim < 5 ' ' A method of the kind referred to is often used to establish pipe connections, and then primarily for expanding plastic pipes which have a memory capacity, i.e. pipes which automati- 10 cally strive to return essentially to their original shape and form after having been expanded. One example in this regard is found in pipes that are manufactured from cross-linked polyolefins, and particularly pipes that are manufactured from cross-linked polyethylene, such as so-called PEX-pipes, which 15 possess an active memory capacity at temperatures as low as room temperature. A pipe connection is established by expand¬ ing one end of such a pipe and inserting into the widened pipe-end a flanged connector which performs part of a pipe- connecting piece, normally made of metal, and which is 20 retained in said pipe-end until the pipe is shrunk to an extent at which it is able to firmly grip the connecting piece. Optionally, a clamping sleeve made of a resilient material, for instance metal or plastic, which may be the same plastic material as that from which the pipe is made, is 25 expanded and shrunk over the pipe-end in order to further enhance the holding and sealing pressure at the pipe connect¬ ing region. The clamping sleeve can be expanded at the same time as the pipe-end is expanded, with the clamping sleeve in position around said pipe-end. 30 One drawback with those expanding methods and expanding tools of the kind defined in the introduction and known hitherto is that the opposing edges of the outer jaw surfaces, which are j . . . * generally circular-arcuate in cross-section, tend to produce 35 on the inner surface of the pipe-end as said pipe-end expands pronounced, continuous grooves or score lines which extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pipe. When fluid under pressure flows through a pipe connection that has been established by the expansion method, the fluid tends to follow the aforesaid score lines and therewith seep through the pipe connection. This deficiency in the tightness of the joint is particularly accentuated during the hours immediately after the pipe connection has been made. The object of the present invention is to provide a novel and advantageous method and tool which will eliminate the afore- said drawback at least to a substantial extent. To this end, there is proposed a method and a tool of the kind defined in the introduction which also includes the character¬ istic features set forth in the respective characterizing clauses of Claim 1 and Claim 2. The pipe-end is thus expanded in stages, i.e. the mutually retracted jaws are inserted to a given distance in a pipe-end and then brought to an expanded state while expanding the pipe-end to a relatively small extent, whereafter the jaws are again brought together or retracted and inserted further into the pipe-end. The jaws are then again brought to an expanding state while further expanding the pipe-end. The method is repeated until the pipe- end has been expanded to the extent desired, for instance until the outer jaw surfaces have been inserted to their full length into the pipe-end and brought to an expanded state, whereupon the jaws are withdrawn from said pipe-end after having been returned to their retracted state or position. Because the pipe-end is expanded in stages with only small expansion movements of the jaws, the longitudinally extending edges of the delimiting outer jaw surfaces are always moved only a small distance apart and therewith produce no or only insignificant score lines in the inner surface of the pipe- end. This avoids the aforedescribed leakage problem. Other advantageous features of the invention are set forth in the dependent Claims. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section view of the most important part of an expansion tool for carrying out the inventive method; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line II-II in Fig. 1 although with a modified design; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line III-III in Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view in which the upper half of the Figure shows the jaws of a conventional tool in a retracted and expanded state respectively, and the bottom half Figure shows the jaws of a tool for carrying out the inventive method in a respective retracted and expanded state. Figs. 1-3 illustrate the significant part of a tool which can be used conveniently to expand a pipe-end 1 in conjunction with establishing a pipe connection. The tool includes a casing 16 in which a piston 3 or the like having a pointed front end of polygonal cross-section can be moved reciprocat- ingly by means of a drive arrangement described below. The front of the casing 16 has a screw-on cover 5 which includes a through-penetrating central opening and a circular groove 6 in which radial parts 7 of jaws 8 are received in a manner which will permit the jaws 8 to move radially but not axially relative to the ring groove 6. The parts 7 are provided with peripheral grooves which receive an annular spring 9 which surrounds the jaws and which endeavours to hold the jaws in their retracted state or in a position in which they lie against the piston-end 4. The tool is expanded by moving the piston 3 forwards from its withdrawn position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, wherewith the pointed end 4 of the piston engages bevelled surfaces 10 on the jaws 8 and forces the jaws apart. It is assumed in the illustrated case that the jaws 8 are six in number and that said jaws move radially outwards in relation to a centre axis 11. The jaws have outer jaw surfaces 12 which when seen in cross-section at right angles to the axis 11 are at least generally arcuate in shape and lie adjacent one another when the jaws 8 are in their mutually retracted state or position. The aforesaid drive arrangement includes a gear mechanism comprised of a gear drive 13 and a gear wheel 14. The drive 13 is powered by an electric motor (not shown) connected to the drive input shaft 15. The gear wheel 14 is fixedly mounted on a shaft 16 which is journalled in the casing 2 and which carries a camming disc 17. The camming disc 17 coacts with a cam follower in the form of a roller 18 mounted on the rear end of the piston 3. A pressure spring 19 acting between the casing 2 and the piston 3 endeavors to hold the roller 18 in contact with the camming disc. The radial distance of respective outer jaw surfaces 12 from the centre axis 11 increases from their forward ends or insertion ends 20 to their opposite or rear end 21. These distances are shown at 22 and 23 respectively in Fig. 1. This increase in distance can be effected stepwise, for instance in accordance with Fig. 1, or continuously, for instance in accordance with Fig. 2, in at least an intermediate region between the insertion end 20 and the rear end 21 of the jaw surfaces. When the radial distance is increased stepwise, the radial extent of each incremental increase will preferably be at most equal to the distance through which jaws travel radially as they move between the retracted position and the expanded position. A particular advantage is gained when the radial distance of the outer jaw surfaces 12 from the centre axis 11 is constant in a region rearwardly of said intermediate region, i.e. in the region of the end 21, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The radial distance of the outer jaw surfaces 12 from the centre axis 11 may also be constant in the region forwardly of said intermediate region, i.e. in the region of the end 20, or may optionally decrease in a direction towards the rear end 21, as shown in Fig. 2. This rearward sloping of the outer jaw surfaces prevents the pipe-end 1 from sliding out of the jaws unintentionally as the pipe-end expands. The pipe-end can also be prevented from sliding unintentionally from the jaws by providing the jaw surfaces 12 with peripherally extending grooves or serrations. When expanding one end 1 of a pipe which is made of material having a memory capacity, the jaws 8 are contracted so that the outer diameter of the insertion end 20 of the tool will be essentially equal to the inner diameter of the pipe-end to be expanded. The insertion end 20 of the tool is inserted into said pipe-end to an extent which is much shorter than the full length of the jaws. The jaws 8 are moved apart and then returned to their retracted position and the tool is then moved further into the now slightly expanded pipe-end 1. The procedure is repeated until the pipe-end 1 is in abutment with the cover 5. A pipe-connecting piece can be inserted into the widened pipe-end after removing the jaws 8 therefrom, and the pipe-end crimped around said connecting piece. The camming disc or curve 17 is intended to be rotated in an anti-clock¬ wise direction and is constructed advantageously in the shown manner as a delaying device which during each revolution or movement cycle will hold the jaws 8 for a while in their expanded position. It should be pointed out in this context, however, that the inventive tool need not be driven electri¬ cally, but may be driven manually, pneumatically or hydrauli- cally. The advantage gained by the inventive method is illustrated in Fig. 4. The upper part of Fig. 4 shows in broken lines the jaws 25 of a conventional tool in their retracted position in which they can be inserted into a non-expanded pipe-end. The Figure shows in full lines the jaws 25 in an expanded state and acting on a pipe-end 26, of which only the inner material layer is shown in the Figure. It will be seen that the edges 28 of the outer jaw surfaces 27 in the expanded state are spaced far apart and score the inner surface of the pipe, these score lines tending to result in a leaky joint. The bottom half of Fig. 4 also shows the jaws 8 in their respec¬ tive retracted positions in broken lines and in their respec¬ tive expanded positions in full lines. The jaws 8 have generally the same configuration as the jaws shown in Fig. 1 and their edges 29 are spaced at a relatively small distance apart when the jaws are expanded and will therefore give rise to minimal score lines in the inner surface of the pipe-end 1. It will be understood that the invention is not restricted to the aforedescribed and illustrated exemplifying embodiments thereof and that the invention can be realized in any chosen manner within the scope of the inventive concept as defined in the following Claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method of expanding a pipe-end (1), particularly the end of a pipe made of a plastic material that has a memory capacity, with the aid of a tool which includes a plurality of jaws (8) that are movable radially in relation to a centre axis between a retracted position and an outer expanded position, wherein said jaws (8) have outer jaw surfaces (12) which are intended for engagement with the inner surface of the pipe-end and which lie adjacent one another in the retracted position of the jaws and have an at least generally circular-arcuate shape in cross-section, wherein said tool includes means (13-19) for moving the jaws between said positions, wherein the radial distance (22, 23) of respective outer jaw surfaces (12) from the centre axis (11) increases from their insertion end (20) to their opposite end (21), and wherein for the purpose of expanding the pipe-end (1) , the jaws (8) are inserted a given distance into the pipe-end (1) with the jaws retracted and the jaws are then moved radially outwards to the outer expanded position of said jaws, charac- terized by expanding the pipe-end successively in several stages while moving the jaws through small radial distances in relation to the final expansion of the pipe-end (1) in each expansion stage, wherein the jaws (8) are retracted between each expansion stage and inserted further into the pipe-end. 2. A tool for expanding a pipe-end (1), and then particular¬ ly, but not exclusively, the end of a pipe made of plastic material that has a memory capacity, said tool including a plurality of jaws (8) which are movable radially in relation to a centre axis between a retracted position and an outer expanding position and which when retracted are intended to be inserted into the pipe-end (1), wherein the movable jaws (8) have outer jaw surfaces (12) which are intended for engagement with the inner surface of the pipe-end and which lie adjacent one another in the retracted position of the jaws and have at least a generally circular-arcuate cross-section, wherein the tool further includes means (13-19) for moving the jaws between said positions, and wherein the radial distance (22, 23) of the outer jaw surfaces (12) from the centre axis (11) increases from the insertion end (20) of said jaws to their opposite end (21), characterized in that the jaws (8) are moveable radially through a distance which is smaller than the ultimate radial expansion of the pipe-end (1). 3. A tool according to Claim 2, characterized in that the radial distance moved by the jaws (8) between the retracted position and the expanding position is at most half of the ultimate radial expansion of the pipe-end (1). 4. A tool according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterized in that the radial distance of the outer jaw surfaces (12) from the centre axis (11) in at least one intermediate region between the insertion end (20) and the said opposite end (21) increases continuously or in steps with step heights which are at most of the same order of magnitude as the distance through which the jaws (8) move radially when moved between the retracted position and the expanding position. 5. A tool according to Claim 4, characterized in that the radial distance of the outer jaw surfaces (12) from the centre axis (11) is constant in a region rearwardly of said interme- diate region. 6. A tool according to Claim 4 or Claim 5, characterized in that the radial distance of the outer jaw surfaces (12) from the centre axis (11) decreases in a direction away from the insertion end (20) towards said opposite end (21) in a region forwardly of said intermediate region (Fig. 2). 7. A tool according to any one of Claims 2-6 , characterized in that the means (13-19) for moving the jaws (8) reciprocat- ingly between their retracted and expanded positions includes delay means (17) which functions to hold the jaws (8) in said expanded state for a given period during a movement cycle.

Inventors: SOERBERG BENGT, SOERBERG, BENGT
Applicants: SOERBERG BENGT, WIRSBO BRUKS AB, SOERBERG, BENGT
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F16L13
IPC codes: B21D39, B21D41