Nozzle with variable geometry and orientation for a jet engine

Abstract: Improvements in orientable axisymmetric nozzles of variable geometry which are intended for gas turbine engines, which nozzles comprise a convergent zone (2) followed by a divergent zone (3), both formed by main petals (4-5) and secondary petals (33-34), and they add to the known functions (simultaneous axisymmetric variation, according to a preestablished law, of the throat area A8 and of the outlet area A9; variation of all the geometry of the outlet area A9 independently of the throat area A8; and, axisymmetric orientation of the flow) a fourth function of varying only a part of the geometry of the outlet area A9 independently of the throat area A8.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a convergent/divergent nozzle, of variable geometry and with the capacity to orient the flow of gas, for a gas turbine engine used as a means of propulsion in aviation. More specifically, in a preferred application, the nozzle referred to in this invention is of the axisymmetric type, including a convergent zone followed, in the direction of the flow, by a divergent zone, both formed by main petals, distributed circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the engine and connected together by means of articulation, and by secondary petals which are also connected together by means of articulation and distributed circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the engine, which convergent zone defines a throat of variable area and which divergent zone, also of variable geometry, may be actuated in order to orient the flow of gas, and therefore the thrust, in any direction over a cone located about the longitudinal axis of the engine. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In this nozzle, unlike US Patent No. 4,994,660, published on 2.19.91, only a part of the divergent zone of the nozzle is oriented, downstream of the throat area A8, and it has the advantage of simplifying sealing between the two zones mentioned, in accordance with Spanish Patent No. 9200369, of 2-20-92. Nevertheless, the problem remains of sealing between divergent main petals during the orientation of the flow. There are various solutions for solving said sealing of gaps between divergent main petals, such as those mentioned in US Patents No. 4,690,330, published on 09.1.87, No. 4,662,566, published on 5.5.87, No. 5,039,014, published on 08.13.91 and No. 5,076,496, published on 12.31.91, and in Spanish Patent and Patent Applications No. 9200369, of 1992, No. 9202157, of 1992, and No. 9301991, of 1993. Moreover, Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515, of 1993, mentions the embodiment of a perimetrical mechanism for varying the throat area A8, which consists, unlike the perimetrical mechanism in US Patent 3,760,436, published on 5-1-73, of an assembly of only one link rod, a crank having only two arms and one double-jointed bar for each convergent main petal. Spanish Patent No. 9200369, of 1992, claims an orientable axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry for gas turbine engines. Said nozzle consists of a convergent zone and a divergent zone, both formed by main petals and secondary petals distributed circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the engine, and which includes means of control and external radial support, for regulating the throat area, and means of control for regulating the orientation of the flow, being defined in that the variation of the throat area A8 and the orientation of the flow are achieved by means of a single control system. This single control system consists, in one of the embodiments, in combination, of two rings, each having a single body, called the internal and intermediate rings, and of two double-jointed half-rings, rings, called external half-rings, the components of said combination of rings being mutually concentric and concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine, and of a plurality of control actuators articulated by their upstream end to the fixed structure of the engine. The above-mentioned rings and half-rings which are connected together and to the fixed structure of the engine by means of articulation elements and by means of radial support, which permit the joint axial displacement of the four components of said combination of rings to the same degree with respect to said fixed structure, as well as a relative turning movement of the intermediate and external components of said combination, mutually and with respect to the internal ring, permitting the inclination, as a single body, of the external double-jointed half-rings and the inclination of each of the double-jointed half-rings separately in any direction, with the center of turning at a point on the longitudinal axis of the engine. The convergent main petals are connected at their upstream end to the internal ring, by means of cylindrical articulations tangential to a theoretical circumference concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine and located in a theoretical plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the engine. The external half-rings and their cylindrical interconnection articulation are joined, for their part, by means of ball-and-socket joints, to the downstream end of the above-mentioned control actuators. The mechanism for varying the throat area A8, in one of the embodiments mentioned in said Spanish Patent No. 9200369, of 1992, consists, for each convergent main petal, of a link rod articulated to the fixed structure of the engine and to said convergent main petal. The main petals of the divergent zone are subdivided transversely into two portions which are connected together by means of a cylindrical articulation having an axis perpendicular to the axis of articulation between the two main petals of the convergent and divergent zones, the downstream portion in said Spanish Patent No. 9200369 being connected to the corresponding external half-ring by means of a bar which is joined to said portion by means of a ball-and-socket joint, and to the corresponding external half-ring by means of a cylindrical articulation, tangential to a theoretical circumference concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine and located in a theoretical plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the engine. The upstream portion of each divergent main petal is joined, at its upstream end, to the corresponding convergent main petal by means of a cylindrical articulation, tangential to a theoretical circumference concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine and located in a theoretical plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the engine. Spanish Patent Application No. 9202157, of 1992, describes and claims a design for a divergent secondary petal for sealing the longitudinal gap between contiguous divergent main petals. The geometry of said longitudinal gaps between divergent main petals alters during the orientation of the flow, changing from an approximately rectangular form to that of a regulated surface whose sides are no longer parallel. Said Spanish Patent Application No. 9202157 proposes converting every divergent secondary petal into a deformable structural assembly with minimal torsional rigidity, composed of a base plate and of a plurality of discrete transverse elements inserted into said base plate. This base plate gives the assembly axial rigidity, acting as an element bearing the axial forces due to the flow of gas the cooling air and the inertia forces, exhibiting, however, minimum capacity for transmitting transverse and torsional forces. For their part, the discrete transverse elements lack the capacity to transmit torsional forces, and transmit the transverse and shear forces imposed both by the flow of gas and by the divergent main petals to which is transmitted the pressure of gas exerted on the base plate bearing the axial forces. In this manner, Spanish Patent No. 9200369 and Spanish Patent Application No. 9202157, of 1992, offer a mechanism capable of orienting the flow of gas acting solely on one part of the divergent zone of the nozzle and of adequate sealing of the transverse gap between zones and of the longitudinal gaps between contiguous divergent main petals. Spanish Patent Application No. 9301991, of 1993, describes and claims a divergent main petal which makes it possible to increase the maximum angle of orientation of the flow with respect to that which it is possible to achieve with the embodiments mentioned in Spanish Patent No. 9200369 and in Spanish Patent Application No. 9202157. Upon orienting a part of the divergent zone of the nozzle, the divergent main petals, as described in Spanish Patent No. 9200369, are forced to move in the radial direction and their downstream portion in the tangential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the engine, the maximum angle of orientation of said part of the divergent zone for a given throat area A8 being limited by the interference between main and secondary petals in zones close to the outlet area A9. As indicated above, Spanish Patent Application No. 9202157, of 1992, proposes converting the divergent secondary petal into a deformable structural assembly with minimal torsional rigidity, composed of a base plate bearing the axial forces and with minimum capacity for transmitting the transverse forces and discrete transverse elements with the capacity to transmit the transverse and shear forces imposed both by the flow of gas and by the divergent main petals. If the inner surface, in contact with the flow of gas, of the divergent main petals is planar, the maximum angle of orientation of the flow is determined by the interference in zones close to the outlet area A9 of said inner surface with the discrete transverse elements since, in this case, the longitudinal edges of the base plate do not bear on the inner surface of the divergent main petals, a longitudinal aperture appearing, which permits the gases to pass outside. In order to solve the above problem, Spanish Patent Application No. 9301991 proposes a divergent main petal which has an inner surface, in contact with the flow of gases, of variable form between two transverse sections, one of them straight, coincident with or close to the upstream far transverse edge of the petal, and another curved, coincident with or close to the downstream far transverse edge of said petal, having the convexity facing towards the inside of the engine. The transition between both sections is achieved progressively and smoothly in order to permit continuous contact between the divergent secondary petal and said inner surface. Spanish Patent Application No. 9302455, of 1993, describes and claims a divergent main petal and a novel system for connecting said petal to the corresponding external half-ring. Said connection system consists of two bars, a double-jointed bar and an upstream intermediate bar, respectively, which are interlinked by a cylindrical articulation, the outer end of the double-jointed bar of which is joined to the corresponding outer half-ring, by means of a cylindrical articulation, and the inner end of the upstream intermediate bar of which is joined, by means of a spherical knuckle, to the vectorizable portion of the divergent main petal at an intermediate point, at the same time as said intermediate cylindrical articulation is joined to the downstream end of said vectorizable portion of said divergent main petal by means of another downstream intermediate bar, each having a spherical knuckle. The invention presented in said Spanish Patent Application No. 9302455 results, during the orientation of the flow, in the tangential movement experienced by the downstream portion of the divergent main petal being defined solely by the double-jointed bar for connection to the corresponding external half-ring and by the upstream intermediate bar, which, maintaining the connection point of the double-jointed bar and the two intermediate bars, and modifying the longitudinal position of the ball-and-socket joint which links the vectorizable portion of the divergent main petal and the upstream intermediate bar, results in it being possible to regulate in the most convenient manner the tangential movement of the downstream portion of the divergent main petal to a fixed radial movement thereof. Moreover, Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515 mentions the embodiment of a perimetrical mechanism for varying the throat area A8 consisting, unlike the perimetrical mechanism in US Patent 3,760,436, published on 5-1-73, of an assembly having only one link rod, a crank having only two arms and a double-jointed peripheral bar each for each convergent main petal, said link rod being linked, by means of ball-and-socket joints, at its upstream end, to the intermediate ring which can be displaced axially without any tilting, and its downstream end to the crank, which is, in turn, joined to the convergent main petal corresponding to it by means of a cylindrical articulation having an axis perpendicular to the base of said convergent main petal, the ball-and-socket joint joining the link rod and the crank being at a point not located on the axis of said cylindrical articulation, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes and claims a series of improvements, applicable to those axisymmetric nozzles of variable geometry and flow orientation, which are intended for gas turbine engines, which characteristics have been described in the above paragraphs, although such application of said improvements can be extended to any axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry and flow orientation in which the variation of the throat and orientation of the flow are achieved by means of at least a single control system consisting, in combination, of two rings having a single body each, called internal and intermediate rings, and by a ring, called the external ring, having at least a single body, the components of said combination of rings being mutually concentric and concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine, and of a plurality of control actuators articulated by their upstream end to the fixed structure of the engine; which components of said combination are connected together and to the fixed structure of the engine by means of articulation elements and by radial support means which permit the axial displacement of at least two of said rings which make up said combination of rings with respect to said fixed structure of the engine, as well as a relative turning movement of at least the external ring of said combination with respect to the internal ring, permitting its inclination with a center of turning on the longitudinal axis of the engine; which axial displacement of at least one of said rings actuates a mechanism for varying the throat A8; and which convergent secondary petal is centered and supported between adjacent convergent main petals by means of conventional support devices; and which divergent secondary sealing petal is centered between the adjacent divergent main petals by means of a mechanism for centering and support by means of support devices. Firstly, a novel function in the above described nozzles is claimed, because, to the known functions (first: simultaneous axisymmetric variation, according to a prefixed law, of the throat area A8 and of the outlet area A9; second: simultaneous variation of all the geometry of the outlet area A9 independently of the throat area A8; and, third: axisymmetric orientation of the flow), is added a fourth function of simultaneous variation of only one part of the geometry of the outlet area A9 independent of the throat area A8. This is achieved with the new configuration of the external ring which consists of at least two mutually articulated ring segments, together with an actuating system which makes it possible, by means of the independent tilting of one of said ring segments, to achieve an outlet area A9 having a geometry corrected asymmetrically during the vectorization of the thrust while the rest of the segments of said external ring remain stationary. The advantages of an axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry and for orienting the flow equipped with the novel configuration of external ring and with the novel system for actuating the components of said ring include the following: 1. The sole fact of being able to vectorize the divergent petals in individual groups makes it possible to avoid the separations of the inner current of the flow which are produced with large angles of mean orientation of the flow and low pressure relationships which are typical of any landing. On avoiding said separation, a greater thrust coefficient is achieved without loss of effectiveness of the orientation of the flow, since the energy dissipated in generating the recirculation is used as thrust. In addition, the processes of separation of viscous flows always involve inherent instabilities of not very high frequency which, in a limit case, could be coupled with the natural frequency of the system. 2. Because the geometrical vectorization of part of the petals is smaller, the oriented flow area experienced by the current outside the aircraft is less; in this manner, the separations of said outer current, associated with the orientation of the flow, are of lesser intensity; this results in a reduction in the instabilities of such a current and also in the overall resistance of the aircraft. 3. When approaching landing, the vectorization of the outlet area A9 of the nozzle is downwards. On reducing the vectorization of the petals closest to the ground, a greater distance to the latter in the rear part of the aircraft for one and the same angle of attack is available; this makes it possible to touch down with a greater angle of attack and, therefore, with greater lift or, its equivalent, with lower speed. Secondly, means of radial support of the assembly of convergent petals are described and claimed, which consist, for each convergent main petal at its downstream end, of the following components of a peripheral mechanism for varying the throat A8, which are described in Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515: a single link rod, a crank having two arms and a peripheral bar, said link rod being joined by its downstream end to one of said arms of said crank which is mounted in an articulated manner at a pivot which, forming an integral part of said convergent main petal, has its axis perpendicular to the base of said convergent main petal, while the other arm of said crank is connected, by means of a ball-and-socket joint, to one of the ends of the peripheral bar at the same time as the other end of said peripheral bar is joined by means of a ball-and-socket joint to the pivot of the adjacent convergent main petal in order to form the assembly of cranks and peripheral bars of all the convergent main petals of a peripheral system which is closed on itself. In the particular case of the axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry and with orientation of the flow, in which variation of the throat and orientation of the flow are produced by means of a single control system, the already mentioned link rod of said peripheral mechanism for varying the throat A8 has its upstream end linked by means of a ball-and-socket joint to the downstream end of the fixed structure of the engine, unlike Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515; while, in another particular case of the axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry and with orientation of the flow, in which variation of the throat and orientation of the flow are achieved by means of two independent control systems (a first one which controls the geometry of the throat area A9 and a second one which tilts the external ring in order to orientate the flow), the already mentioned link rod of said peripheral mechanism for varying the throat A8 has its upstream end linked by means of a ball-and-socket joint to the downstream end of the non-tilting movable intermediate ring. In addition, means of radial support of a non-tilting movable ring are described and claimed, which consist of at least three hinges having cylindrically interlinked leaves, the downstream leaf being articulated to said ring and the upstream leaf, in its turn, being articulated to the fixed structure of the engine. Means of support of the assembly of external ring segments are also described and claimed, which consist of planar systems of articulated bars which do not limit the movements imposed by the plurality of actuators of the system, or systems, for controlling the throat and for orientation of the flow, both with outlet area A9 uncorrected and corrected symmetrically or asymmetrically, each one of said planar systems of articulated bars being linked in an articulated manner via their downstream end to the assembly of the external ring segments, at the same time as it is joined, also in an articulated manner, via its upstream end to the fixed structure of the engine. These planar systems of articulated bars may be embodied as: Desjonges mechanism, articulated Evans-Desjonges quadrilateral with a crank which substitutes for the track in a Desjonges mechanism, conchoidal mechanism, single scissors mechanism or multiple scissors mechanism. In addition, the external ring segments may be supported by means of a hinge mechanism having three leaves for accommodating an actuator between two of said leaves in a manner similar to that described for the non-tilting movable ring. A perimetrical mechanism for centering every divergent secondary petal with respect to its adjacent main petals is described and claimed, consisting of three interlinked rocker arms, one of which turns with a cylindrical articulation about a pivot mounted, at a point on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of said divergent secondary petal, in a direction normal to the surface of said secondary petal which is swept by the flow of gas, and each one of the other two rocked arms of which turns in an identical manner with respect to a pivot mounted in an identical manner on one of the two divergent main petals, and the interlinking of rocked arms is achieved by means of spherical knuckles. These tilted arms of the perimetrical mechanism for centering the divergent secondary petals with respect to their adjacent main petals may have flexural rigidity in a plane which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine, thus supporting said divergent secondary petals on their adjacent main petals. Additionally, devices for supporting each divergent secondary petal on its two adjacent divergent main petals are described and claimed, which consist of an assembly of two different devices, one consisting of the already mentioned perimetrical mechanism for centering each divergent secondary petal with respect to its adjacent divergent main petals, the tilt arms of which have flexural rigidity in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine, and another which, being located outside the outlet area A9, in two extensions of the longitudinal sides of said divergent secondary petal, consists of horns which, with their free ends facing upstream, are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and rest on the curved transverse edge which each divergent main petal has downstream, that is to say on A9. Similarly, an improvement to the conventional rods for supporting the downstream ends of each convergent secondary petal on its adjacent convergent main petals is described and claimed. This improvement eliminates any excessive vibration of said rod, given the permanent presence of a certain pretension at its join to its fork for fastening to said convergent secondary petal. Lastly, the location of half of the actuators of the control system on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and normal to the circumference formed by the external ring segments is described and claimed, together with the location of the other half in an identical manner on the circumference of the intermediate ring, or the location of a third of the actuators of the control system on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and normal to the circumference of the external ring segments, together with the location of the remaining two thirds in an identical manner on the circumference of the intermediate ring. Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS All the characteristics set forth as well as others inherent to the invention, as mentioned in the claims, may be better understood with the following description, given with reference to the attached figures, which show a possible embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, for the particular case of the axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry with orientation of the flow which is equipped with a single system for varying the throat area A8, for orientation of the flow, and both symmetric and asymmetric correction of the outlet area A9, which has, as a feature peculiar to it: an axially movable internal ring, bearing the upstream ends of each convergent petal; an axially movable and tilting intermediate ring; and at least two external ring segments bearing the upstream ends of the double-jointed bars which support the downstream ends of the divergent main petals. It should be indicated that, in a general case, each axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry and with orientation of the flow, in which variation of the throat and orientation of the flow are achieved by means of two independent control systems, has: an internal ring which, bearing the upstream ends of each convergent petal, is linked rigidly to the fixed structure of the engine; a ring moved axially by the actuators of the first control system for varying the throat area A8; and an external ring having at least a single body, moved axially and tilted by the actuators of the second control system for orientation of the flow and symmetric correction of the outlet area A9, bearing the upstream ends of the double-jointed bars which support the downstream ends of the divergent main petals. In order to avoid confusion, no graphics reference corresponding to this general case is given, but each component present in one and the other of the cases will have, as reference, one and the same number in the claims. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an orientable nozzle constructed in accordance with the description given and embodiment corresponding to an external ring having two segments supported by multiple scissors mechanisms. Figure 1a is a partially cutaway perspective view of an orientable nozzle constructed in accordance with the description given and embodiment corresponding to an external ring having two segments supported by hinges having three leaves. Figure 2 is a cross section of the nozzle, along the sectional line AA-AA in Figure 4, to show the links between the various rings and ring segments which, together with the actuators, make up the single system for controlling the throat area A8 and for controlling the orientation of the flow. Figure 3 is also a cross section of the nozzle, along the sectional line BB-BB in Figure 4, to show the means of radial support, on the fixed structure of the engine, of the various rings and ring segments which, together with the actuators, make up the single control system, according to the embodiment of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a longitudinal half-section of the nozzle along the sectional line CC-CC in Figure 2, with the nozzle in the closed position and without orientation of the flow. Figure 5 is a longitudinal half-section of the nozzle along the sectional line DD-DD in Figure 2, with the nozzle in the open position and without orientation of the flow. Figure 6 is a longitudinal half-section of the nozzle along the sectional line EE-EE in Figure 2, with the nozzle in the closed position and without orientation of the flow. Figure 7 is a longitudinal half-section of the nozzle along the sectional line EE-EE in Figure 2, with the nozzle in the open position and without orientation of the flow. Figures 8 and 9 are longitudinal sections of the nozzle along the sectional line EE-EE in Figure 2, with the nozzle in the closed position and open position, respectively, in both cases with orientation of the flow. Figures 10 and 11 are rear views of the nozzle, without orientation and with orientation of the flow, respectively, both figures corresponding to geometries of the outlet area A9 without asymmetric correction. Figure 12 is a rear view of the perimetrical mechanism for varying the throat area A8 which is the subject of Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515. Figures 13a, 13b and 13c show, in front elevation, a detail of the crank having two arms and of the pivot fixed to the base of the convergent main petal belonging to the mechanism for varying the throat area A8. Figure 13d is a section along the sectional line A-A in Figure 13b. Figures 14 to 23 are diagrams of the planar systems of guidance and radial support of the external ring segments, each one of which shows the means of support in the folded and unfolded positions. Figure 24 is a diagram of the hinge mechanism having three leaves for guidance and radial support of the external ring segments. Figures 25 and 26 are diagrams of the operation of the mechanism for centering the divergent secondary petals with the nozzle open and closed, respectively, indicating the non-vectorizable portion and the vectorizable portion. Figures 27a, 27b and 27c show, in lateral elevation, plan view and profile, a detail of the divergent main petal shown in Figures 25 and 26 and which corresponds to the divergent main petal which is the subject of Spanish Patent Application No. 9301991, of 1993, which is of variable form between two cross sections, one of them with a straight base and located close to the upstream transverse edge of the divergent main petal and another with a curved base close to the downstream end transverse edge of the petal and with its convexity facing towards the longitudinal axis of the engine. Figures 28a and 28b show, in lateral elevation and plan view, a detail of the divergent secondary petal shown in Figures 25 and 26. Figures 29a and 29b show the conventional device for supporting each divergent secondary petal on its two adjacent divergent main petals. Figures 30 and 31 show two embodiments of the location of the actuators, in the case of a single system for controlling the throat area A8 and orientation of the flow. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 1, like Figure 1a, shows a diagrammatic and partially cutaway perspective view of the nozzle which is the subject of the description, the arrow A indicating the direction of the flow or circulation of the gases. Like traditional nozzles, that which is shown in Figures 1 and 1a includes a rear casing with the reference number 1 which constitutes the final end of the fixed structure of the engine, a convergent zone with the reference number 2 and a divergent zone with the reference number 3. The convergent zone 2 is composed of a plurality of main petals with the reference number 4 and secondary petals which are not shown. In the same manner, the divergent zone 3 consists of main petals 5 and secondary petals which are not shown and is subdivided into two parts: the part with the reference number 3a is called non-vectorizable and the part with the reference number 3b is called vectorizable. The nozzle also includes a single system for varying the throat area A8, with the reference number 12 in Figure 6 and defined by the intersection between the convergent main petals 4 and divergent main petals 5 and for orientation of the flow. The variation of the throat area A8 and the orientation of the flow are achieved by means of a single control system which consists, in combination, of two movable rings having a single body each, called internal ring 8 and intermediate ring 7, and by two double-jointed external ring segments called 6a and 6b which, in combination, form the external ring 6, the components of said combination of rings and ring segments being mutually concentric and concentric with the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine, and of a plurality of control actuators 9 which are articulated by their upstream end to the fixed structure of the engine 1. The convergent main petals 4, Figures 4 to 9, are connected at their upstream end to the internal ring 8. This connection is achieved by means of cylindrical articulations 10 which are tangential to a theoretical circumference concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine and located in a theoretical plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the engine. The downstream ends of the control actuators 9 are connected, by means of the ball-and-socket joints 11, Figures 2, 4 and 5, to the external ring segments 6a and 6b and to the cylindrical joining articulation between said external ring segments, defined by the spindles 20, Figures 2 and 4, which serves, in its turn, as the join with the intermediate ring 7. In addition, the external ring segments 6a and 6b are connected to the divergent main petals 5 by means of double-jointed bars 15 which are mounted concentrically about the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. The connection of each double-jointed bar 15 to the external ring segments 6a and 6b is achieved by means of the cylindrical articulation 16 and its connection to the divergent main petal 5 is achieved by means of a cylindrical articulation 17 (Figures 1a and 6 to 9). Both cylindrical articulations 16 and 17 are arranged so that, without orientation of the flow, they are tangent to a theoretical circumference concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine and located in a theoretical plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of the engine. The intermediate ring 7 and internal ring 8 and the external ring segments 6a and 6b are, in addition, mutually connected by means of devices which permit the axial displacement of the assembly of the internal and intermediate rings and of the external ring segments, to an equal degree, with respect to the fixed structure 1 of the engine, as well as a relative turning movement of the external ring segments 6a and 6b and the intermediate ring 7 and of said external ring segments mutually with respect to the same spindle 20 and, in turn, as regards the internal ring 8, with respect to the spindle 21, so that it permits the inclination of the external ring segments 6a and 6b jointly, in any direction, with the center of turning on the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. In this manner, the external ring segments 6a and 6b, jointly, and internal ring 8 are permitted, through the intermediate ring 7, a mutual relative movement of rotation in space, determining a spherical joint, permitting, in addition, relative turning between the external ring segments. To this end, the external ring segments 6a and 6b are joined mutually and to the intermediate ring 7 by a cylindrical articulation defined by the spindles 20, Figures 2 and 4, which are aligned in a diametrically opposed position, while the intermediate ring 7 and internal ring 8 are joined mutually by another cylindrical articulation defined by the spindles 21, Figures 2 and 5, which are also diametrically mutually aligned, in a position perpendicular to the spindles 20. In order to reduce the play between the external ring segments 6a and 6b and rings 7 and 8 and to minimize friction between them during their relative rotation, axial thrust bearings, with the reference number 22 in Figures 2, 4 and 5, are arranged concentrically with the spindles 20 and 21. The control system of the nozzle includes, in addition, a mechanism for varying the throat area A8, with the reference number 12, which, as shown in Figures 6 to 9, 12 and 13, is composed, for each convergent main petal, of a single link rod 37, a crank having two arms 38 and a peripheral bar 39, said link rod 37 being joined at its upstream end by means of a ball-and-socket joint 40 to the downstream end of the fixed structure 1 of the engine, and, by its downstream end to one of the arms 41 of said crank 38 which is mounted in an articulated manner on a pivot 42 which, forming an integral part of said convergent main petal 4, has its axis perpendicular to the base of said convergent main petal, while the other arm 43 of said crank 38 is connected, by means of ball-and-socket joint 44, to one of the ends of the peripheral bar 39 at the same time as the other end of said peripheral bar is joined by means of ball-and-socket joint 45 to the pivot 42 of the adjacent convergent main petal, so that the assembly of cranks 38 and peripheral bars 39 of all the convergent main petals 4 form a peripheral system which is closed on itself. In addition, Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the mechanism for varying the throat area A8 which is the subject of Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515 which mentions the embodiment of a perimetrical mechanism for varying the throat area A8 consisting of an assembly of a single link rod 37, a crank having only two arms 38 and a peripheral bar 39 for each convergent main petal. The physical configuration of this mechanism is that belonging to a convergent axisymmetric nozzle. Figures 13a to 13d show a detail of the crank having two arms 38 and the pivot 42, on which said crank having two arms 38 is articulated, which, forming an integral part of the convergent main petal 4, has its axis perpendicular to the base of said convergent main petal. The crank having two arms 38 has a lateral groove 46 to permit mounting of the articulated end of the peripheral bar 39 on the pivot 42 of the convergent main petal 4, which groove 46, as an improvement with respect to Spanish Patent Application No. 9301515, is closed with a bolt 47 once said mounting operation is complete. As may be seen Figures 1, 1a and 3 to 9, the internal ring 8 consists of a cylindrical extension 8a by means of which it is possible to seal the afterburner during regulation of the throat area A8 12 of the nozzle. The axis of this cylindrical extension 8a must always be located in the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine, for which purpose there will be available, at the upstream end of said cylindrical extension 8a, at least three hinges for joining to the fixed structure 1 of the engine which will make it possible to move the internal ring 8 solely in the axial direction, the hinges being composed of two leaves 48 and 49 articulated cylindrically together, between the upstream leaf 48 and the fixed structure 1 of the engine and between the downstream leaf 49 and the cylindrical extension 8a. For their part, the external ring segments 6a and 6b are guided and supported radially by planar systems of articulated bars or by hinges for joining with the fixed structure 1 of the engine, Figures 1, 1a and 3 to 5, which make it possible to move the external ring segments solely in the axial direction, and permitting the rotation of these external ring segments 6a and 6b about any diameter, each of said planar systems of articulated bars or hinges being linked in an articulated manner via their downstream end to the assembly of articulated external ring segments 6a and 6b, at the same time as it is joined, also in an articulated manner via its upstream end, to the fixed structure 1 of the engine. The systems described for guiding the external ring segments 6a and 6b and internal ring 8 will have to absorb the net shear forces which arise during the orientation of the flow and those caused by asymmetry of the loads. The arrangement described, shown in the Figures, permits, by means of the activation in one or other direction of the control actuators 9, the following functions which have already been mentioned: 1.- Axial movement, in one and the same direction, of the assembly of the external ring segments 6a and 6b and intermediate ring 7 and internal ring 8, together with the double-jointed bars 15, and the convergent and divergent petals, in order to vary the throat area A8, given reference number 12 in Figures 6 and 7. Said axial movement of the external ring segments 6a and 6b and rings 7 and 8 gives rise to an angular displacement of the convergent main petals 4 through the peripheral mechanism for varying the area of the throat A8 about the articulation 10. Said convergent main petals 4, owing to the link rod 37, the crank having two arms 38 and the peripheral bar 39, open or close in the radial direction, defining, together with the double-jointed bars 15, the position of the divergent main petals 5. In this function, the control actuators 9 always have the same length. 2.- The external ring segments 6a and 6b tilt, as a single body, over a theoretical spherical surface, centered on the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine, the internal ring 8 remaining fixed in any axial position in order to achieve, through the double-jointed bars 15, the orientation of the flow in any direction about the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. In this second function, the control actuators 9 have different lengths. 3.- The above movement is supplemented by the possibility of symmetric relative tilting between the external ring segments 6a and 6b in order to achieve, through the double-jointed bars 15, a bisymmetrical variation of the outlet area A9, given the reference number 13 in Figures 6 and 7, with a fixed throat area A8, with or without orientation of the flow. In this third function, the actuators of the control system which move the external ring segments have equal increases in travel. 4.- In an orientated flow geometry, with an independent tilting of only one of the external ring segments 6a or 6b, the outlet area A9, given the reference number 13 in Figures 6 and 7, is corrected asymmetrically through the double-jointed bars 15. In this fourth function, only those actuators of the control system which move the tilted external ring segment have a negative increment. The four functions may be achieved simultaneously. In the vectorization function, the double-jointed bars 15 which are joined by means of a cylindrical articulation 16 to the external ring segments 6a or 6b turn with said external ring segments and force the divergent main petals 5 to move in the radial direction, as has been indicated with the arrow R in Figure 11, and also in the tangential direction, referenced with the arrow T in the same Figure 11, thus making it possible to achieve the orientation of the flow in the direction indicated by the arrow B. To this end, the divergent main petal is subdivided into two portions, given reference numbers 5a and 5b, joined mutually by means of a cylindrical articulation 24 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the mid line of the base of the petal 5, as may be seen better in Figures 6 to 9. The portion 5a is joined by means of a cylindrical articulation 25 to the convergent main petal 4, Figures 6 to 9. The downstream portion 5b of each divergent main petal consists of: an upstream intermediate bar 26 and a downstream intermediate bar 27 plus a stiffened plate 28 whose inner surface is seen by the flow of gases as described in Spanish Patent Application referenced No. 9302455, of 1993. The upstream intermediate bar 26 is interlinked to the double-jointed bar 15 by means of a cylindrical articulation 30 and to the vectorizable portion 5b of the divergent main petal by means of a spherical knuckle 31, at the same time as said cylindrical articulation 30 is joined to the downstream end of said vectorizable portion 5b of the divergent main petal by means of the downstream intermediate bar 27, each having spherical knuckles 32 and 29. Movements similar to those referenced with the letters R and T with symmetry with respect to the articulation spindle 20 are embodied in the third function, and only over a half circumference in the case of the fourth function. Figures 4 and 5 both show, diagrammatically, the convergent secondary petals 33 and divergent secondary petals 34 for sealing the gaps between main petals 4 and 5. As has been explained above, in Spanish Patent Application No. 9202157, of 1992, a solution is proposed for the divergent secondary petal 34 which makes it possible to solve the problem of the gap between divergent main petals during the orientation of the flow. Figure 28 shows an embodiment of said divergent secondary petal. The inner surface of the divergent main petal has been shown in Figures 1, 1a and 6 to 11 and 27 as proposed in Spanish Patent Application No. 9301991, of 1993, that is to say with variable form between two cross sections, one of them with a straight base located close to the upstream transverse edge of the divergent main petal 5 and the other with a curved base close to the far downstream transverse edge of the petal 5 and with its convexity facing the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. For reasons of clarity, Figures 6 to 11 do not show the movable elements 35 and 36 which constitute the movable cover of the nozzle, these being similar to those described in Spanish Patent No. 9200369, of 1992. Said movable elements 35 and 36 are shown in Figures 1, 1a, 4 and 5 only. Figures 14 to 24 show the various means of support of the external ring segments which are the subject of this patent. Figure 14 shows a Desjonges mechanism which consists of two bars 50 and 51 interlinked by means of cylindrical articulation 52, with a track 53 in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and aligned with the fixed articulated support member 54 of the second bar 51 on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the track 53 and on the fixed support member 54 of the second bar and on the articulation 55 with the external ring segment 6a or 6b or with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation 55 passing via said fixed articulation 54 of the second bar 51 and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figure 15 shows a Desjonges mechanism similar to the above but with the trajectory of the articulation 55 passing outside said fixed articulation 54 of the second bar 51 and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. This mechanism makes it possible to join the downstream end of an actuator to the same articulation 55. Figure 16 shows an articulated Evans-Desjonges quadrilateral mechanism with a crank 56 which replaces the track 53 in a Desjonges mechanism. Figure 17 shows a conchoidal mechanism which consists of two bars 57 and 58 which are interlinked by means of a cylindrical articulation 59, with a tilting track 60 along one of the bars and articulated at a fixed point 61 aligned with the fixed articulated support member 62 of the second bar perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the engine on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the fixed point of the track 61 and on the fixed support member 62 of the second bar at the articulation 63 with the external ring segment 6a or 6b or together with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation 63 passing via an intermediate point on the base of said conchoidal mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figure 18 shows a conchoidal mechanism similar to the above, but with the trajectory of said articulation 63 passing via the fixed articulated support member of the second bar and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figure 19 shows a conchoidal mechanism similar to the above, but with the trajectory of said articulation 63 passing outside the base of said conchoidal mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figure 20 shows a single scissors mechanism with a track 64 in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and aligned with the fixed articulated support member 65 at the upstream end of said single scissors mechanism, having four bars 66 with cylindrical articulations 67 which interlink said bars and spherical knuckle both at the track 64 and on the fixed support member 65 and on the articulation 68 with the external ring segments 6a or 6b or with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation 68 passing via the fixed support member 65 of said mechanism and included in a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figure 21 shows a multiple scissors mechanism similar to the above, but with more than four bars. Figure 22 shows a single scissors mechanism with three tracks, a central track 69 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and two support tracks 70a and 70b aligned in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine at the upstream end of said single scissors mechanism with three tracks, having four bars 71 with cylindrical articulations 72 at the articulations which interlink said bars and spherical knuckle both at the tracks 70a and 70b located upstream and at the articulation 73 with the external ring segments 6a or 6b or with the join of both of them and the trajectory of said articulation 73 passing via the central track of said mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figure 23 shows a multiple scissors mechanism similar to the above but with four bars. Figure 24 shows a hinge mechanism having three leaves 74, 75a and 75b, also shown in Figures 1a, 3, 4 and 5, for housing an actuator 9 between two of said leaves 75a and 75b, said two leaves sharing, with the downstream end of said actuator, at their downstream ends, one and the same articulation 11 which gives the actuator two degrees of freedom in turning and gives one degree of freedom in turning to said downstream articulations of said two leaves and the trajectory of the downstream ends of said two leaves coinciding with that of the actuator 9 and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine. Figures 25, 26, 27 and 28 show the mechanism for centering each divergent secondary petal 34 with respect to its adjacent main petals 5, which consists of three tilted arms 76, 77a and 77b, which are interlinked, one of which turns with a cylindrical articulation 78 about a pivot 79 mounted in a direction normal to the surface of said divergent secondary petal 34 which is swept by the flow of gas, at a point of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of said divergent secondary petal, and each one of the other two tilted arms 77a and 77b of which turns in an identical manner with respect to a pivot 80 mounted in an identical manner on one of the two divergent main petals 5, and the interlinking of said tilted arms is achieved by means of spherical knuckles 81. Figures 29a and 29b show the conventional device for support of each convergent secondary petal 33 on its two adjacent convergent main petals 4, this being a simple rod 82 articulated cylindrically in its central part on a fixed fork 83 on the outer surface of said convergent secondary petal, and which has an improvement consisting in a longitudinal groove 84 which subdivides said central part into two arms to form a spring whose width exceeds the clear span left between the two lugs of said fork 83. Figures 27 and 28 also show the device for support of each divergent secondary petal 34 on its two adjacent divergent main petals 5 which is located outside the outlet area A9, on two extensions 85 of the longitudinal sides of said divergent secondary petal 34, consisting of two horns 86 which, with their free ends facing upstream, are parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine and rest on the curved transverse edge 87 which each divergent main petal 5 has downstream, that is to say at A9. Figure 30 shows the embodiment in which half of the actuators 9 of the control system are located on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine and normal to the circumference which defines the external ring segments 6a and 6b, at the same time as the other half is located in an identical manner on the circumference which defines the intermediate ring 7. Figure 31 shows the embodiment in which a third of the actuators 9 of the control system are located on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the engine and normal to the circumference which defines the external ring segments 6a and 6b, at the same time as the remaining two thirds are located in an identical manner on the circumference which defines the intermediate ring 7.

Claims: An orientable axisymmetric nozzle of variable geometry which is intended for gas turbine engines, which includes a convergent zone followed, in the direction of the flow, by a divergent zone; both formed by main petals which are mutually connected by means of articulations and by secondary petals, also mutually connected by means of articulations, both types being distributed circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the engine; which convergent zone defines a throat A8 of variable area and which divergent zone, with an outlet area A9, is of variable geometry and, in order to orient the thrust in any direction over a cone located about the longitudinal axis of the engine, consists of two parts, that situated downstream being orientable; which variation in the throat area and orientation of the flow are achieved by means of a single control system (particular case) or a double control system (general case) consisting, in combination, of two rings having a single body each, called internal ring and intermediate ring, and of a ring, called external ring, having at least a single body, the components of said combination of rings being mutually concentric and concentric with the longitudinal axis of the engine, and of a plurality of control actuators articulated by their upstream end to the fixed structure of the engine; which components of said combination are mutually connected and connected to the fixed structure of the engine by means of articulation elements and by means of radial support which permit the axial displacement of said three rings (all three in the particular case) or of the external and intermediate rings (two of these in the general case) which make up said combination of rings with respect to said fixed structure of the engine, as well as a relative turning movement of at least the external ring (the first one in both cases) of said combination with respect to the internal ring, permitting its inclination with the center of turning on the longitudinal axis of the engine; which axial displacement of the assembly of the rings (all three in the particular case) or of the intermediate ring (the second one in the general case) actuates a mechanism for varying the throat A8; which divergent main petals aim the flow by means of a curved surface at the same time as each divergent secondary petal has, as sole element opposing torsional deformation, a base plate exposed to the flow and having a planar surface over its entire longitudinal extension; each of said divergent main petals and each of said divergent secondary petals being subdivided transversely into at least two portions, called the non-vectorizable upstream portion and the vectorizable downstream portion, which are mutually connected by means of a cylindrical articulation having an axis perpendicular to the axis of articulation between main petals, and the downstream portion of the divergent main petal being connected to the external ring (the first one in both cases) by means of a connection system consisting of two bars, a double-jointed bar and an upstream intermediate bar, respectively, which are interlinked by a cylindrical articulation, the double-jointed bar of which is joined via its outer end to the external ring (the first one on both cases) by means of a cylindrical articulation, and the upstream intermediate bar is linked via its inner end, by means of a spherical knuckle, to the vectorizable portion of the divergent main petal at an intermediate point, at the same time as said intermediate cylindrical articulation is joined to the downstream end of said vectorizable portion of said divergent main petal by means of another downstream intermediate bar, each having individual spherical knuckles; which convergent main petals are articulated to the internal ring (the third one in both cases); and which convergent secondary petal is centered and supported between adjacent convergent main petals by means of conventional support devices; and which divergent secondary petal for sealing is centered between the adjacent divergent main petals by means of a mechanism for centering and support by means of support devices, wherein the known functions (first: simultaneous axisymmetric variation, according to a preestablished law, of the throat area A8 and of the outlet area A9; second: variation of all the geometry of the outlet area A9 independent of the throat area A8; and, third: axisymmetric orientation of the flow) are supplemented by a fourth function of varying only a part of the geometry of the outlet area A9 independently of the throat area A8; and wherein the external ring (the first one in both cases) consists of at least two ring segments which are mutually articulated, in order, by means of the independent tilting of one of said ring segments, to achieve an outlet area A9 having a geometry corrected asymmetrically during the orientation of the flow while the remaining segments of said external ring remain stationary; and wherein the means of radial support of the assembly of convergent main petals consist of a peripheral mechanism for varying the throat area A8 which includes, for each convergent main petal on its downstream end a single link rod, a crank having two arms and a peripheral bar, said link rod being joined by its downstream end to one of said arms of said crank which is mounted in an articulated manner on a pivot which, forming an integral part of said convergent main petal, has its axis perpendicular to the base of said convergent main petal, while the other arm of said crank is connected, by means of a ball-and-socket joint, to the one of the ends of the peripheral bar at the same time as the other end of said peripheral bar is joined by means of a ball-and-socket joint to the pivot of the adjacent convergent main petal, so that the assembly of cranks and peripheral bars of all the convergent main petals form a peripheral system which is closed on itself; and wherein the means of radial support of the non-tilting internal ring (the third one in the particular case) or of the non-tilting intermediate ring (the second one in the general case) consist of at least three hinges having two leaves which are interarticulated cylindrically, the downstream leaf being articulated on said ring and the upstream leaf, in turn, being articulated to the fixed structure of the engine; and wherein the means of support of the assembly of external ring segments (the first one in both cases) consist of planar systems of articulated bars which do not limit the movements imposed by the plurality of actuators of the system, or systems, for controlling the throat and for orientation of the flow, both with the outlet area A9 uncorrected and corrected symmetrically or asymmetrically, each one of said planar systems of articulated bars being linked in an articulated manner via its downstream end to the assembly of external ring segments, at the same time as, via their upstream end, they are joined, also in an articulated manner, to the fixed structure of the engine; and wherein the mechanism for centering each divergent secondary petal with respect to its adjacent main petals consists of three interlinked tilted arms, one of which turns with a cylindrical articulation about a pivot mounted, in the direction normal to the surface of said secondary petal which is swept by the flow of gas, at a point of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of said divergent secondary petal, and each one of the other two tilted arms of which turns in an identical manner with respect to a pivot mounted in an identical manner on one of the two divergent main petals, and the interlinking of said tilted arms is achieved by means of spherical knuckles; and in that the devices for support of each divergent secondary petal on its adjacent divergent main petals consist of an assembly of two different devices, one consisting of said perimetrical mechanism for centering each divergent secondary petal, whose tilted arms have flexural rigidity in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and another which, being located outside the outlet area A9, on two extensions of the longitudinal sides of said divergent secondary petal, consists of two horns which, with their free ends facing upstream, are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and rest on the curved transverse edge which each divergent main petal has downstream, that is to say at A9; and wherein, in the particular case, half the actuators of the control system are located on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and normal to the circumference which defines said external ring segments, at the same time as the other half is located in an identical manner on the circumference which defines the intermediate rang. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein, in the particular case, the means of radial support of the assembly of convergent main petals consist of a peripheral mechanism for varying the throat area A8 which includes, for each convergent main petal at its downstream end, a single link rod, a crank having two arms and a peripheral bar, said link rod being joined at its upstream end, by means of a ball-and-socket joint, to the downstream end of the fixed structure of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein, in the general case, the means of radial support of the assembly of convergent main petals consist of a peripheral mechanism for varying the throat A8 which includes, for each convergent main petal at its downstream end, a single link rod, a crank having two arms and a peripheral bar, said link rod being joined at its upstream end, by means of a ball-and-socket joint, to the downstream end of the non-tilting movable intermediate ring. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a Desjonges mechanism which consists of two bars interlinked by means of cylindrical articulation, with a track in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and aligned with the fixed articulated support member of the second bar on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the track and on the fixed support member of the second bar and on the articulation with the external ring segment or with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing via said fixed articulation of the second bar and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a Desjonges mechanism which consists of two bars interlinked by means of cylindrical articulation, with a track in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and aligned with the fixed articulated support member of the second bar on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the track and on the fixed support member of the second bar and on the articulation with the external ring segment or with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing outside said fixed articulation of the second bar and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is an articulated Evans-Desjonges quadrilateral mechanism, with a crank which replaces the track in a Desjonges mechanism. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a conchoidal mechanism which consists of two bars which are interlinked by means of a cylindrical articulation, with a tilting track along one of the bars and articulated at a fixed point aligned with the fixed articulated support member of the second bar perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the engine on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the fixed point of the track and on the fixed support member of the second bar at the articulation with the external ring segment or together with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing via an intermediate point on the base of said conchoidal mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a conchoidal mechanism which consists of two bars which are interlinked by means of a cylindrical articulation, with a tilting track along one of the bars and articulated at a fixed point aligned with the fixed articulated support member of the second bar perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the engine on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the fixed point of the track and on the fixed support member of the second bar at the articulation with the external ring segment or together with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing via the fixed articulated support member of the second bar of said conchoidal mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a conchoidal mechanism which consists of two bars which are interlinked by means of a cylindrical articulation, with a tilting track along one of the bars and articulated at a fixed point aligned with the fixed articulated support member of the second bar perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the engine on the upstream end of said mechanism and with a spherical knuckle, both on the fixed point of the track and on the fixed support member of the second bar at the articulation with the external ring segment or together with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing outside the base of said conchoidal mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a single scissors mechanism with a track in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and aligned with the fixed articulated support member at the upstream end of said single scissors mechanism, having four bars with cylindrical articulations which interlink said bars and spherical knuckle both at the track and on the fixed support member and on the articulation with the external ring segments or with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing via the fixed support member of said mechanism and included in a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a multiple scissors mechanism with a track in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine and aligned with the fixed articulated support member at the upstream end of said multiple scissors mechanism, having more than four bars with cylindrical articulations which interlink said bars and spherical knuckle both at the track and on the fixed support member and on the articulation with the external ring segments or with the join of both of them, and the trajectory of said articulation passing via the fixed support member of said mechanism and included in a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a single scissors mechanism with three tracks, a central track in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and two support tracks aligned in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine at the upstream end of said single scissors mechanism with three tracks, having four bars with cylindrical articulations at the articulations which interlink said bars and spherical knuckle both at the tracks located upstream and at the articulation with the external ring segments or with the join of both of them and the trajectory of said articulation passing via the central track of said mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a multiple scissors mechanism with three tracks, a central track in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and two support tracks aligned in the direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the engine at the upstream end of said multiple scissors mechanism with three tracks, having more than four bars with cylindrical articulations at the articulations which interlink said bars and spherical knuckle both at the tracks located upstream and at the articulation with the external ring segments or with the join of both of them and the trajectory of said articulation passing via the central track of said mechanism and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of the means of support of the external ring segments (the first one in both cases) is a hinge mechanism having three leaves for housing an actuator between two of said leaves, said two leaves sharing, with the downstream end of said actuator, at their downstream ends, one and the same articulation which gives the actuator two degrees of freedom in turning and given one degree of freedom in turning to said downstream articulations of said two leaves and the trajectory of the downstream ends of said two leaves coinciding with that of the actuator and included within a plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the engine. The nozzle as claimed in Claims 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, wherein each track of said embodiments is a rolling track. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, in which the conventional device for support of the downstream end of each convergent secondary petal on its two adjacent convergent main petals consists of a single rod articulated in a cylindrical manner in its central part on a fork fixed on the outer surface of said convergent secondary petal, wherein the rod has a longitudinal groove which sub-divides said central part into two arms in order to form a spring, the width of which exceeds the clear span left between the two lugs of said fork. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the crank having two arms of the mechanism for varying the throat A8 has a lateral groove for permitting mounting of the articulated end of the peripheral bar on the pivot of the convergent main petal, which groove is closed with a bolt once said mounting operation is complete. The nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein, in the particular case, a third of the actuators of the control system are located on axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine and normal to the circumference which define the external ring segments, at the same time as the remaining two thirds are located in an identical manner on the circumference which defines the intermediate ring.

Inventors: GURUCEAGA ZUBILLAGA MIKEL, RIVACOBA URRUELA JOSE, GURUCEAGA ZUBILLAGA, MIKEL, RIVACOBA URRUELA, JOSE, Rivacoba Urruela, José
Applicants: SENER ING & SIST, SENER, INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS, S.A.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F02K1
IPC codes: F02K1