Spring-biased electrical connector

Abstract: An abutment rib of a first connector portion compresses a coil spring, mounted in a second connector portion. If the connector is released prior to complete and proper electrical connection, the connector portions are moved away from each other to visibly and clearly indicate an incomplete or inadequate connection. When the connector mechanism is properly fitted, retaining projections of lock arms positively engage retaining holes in a hood portion, thereby maintaining the connector portions in a locked and properly fitted, electrically connected condition against the bias of the coil spring urging the abutment rib. Therefore, only when the connectors are properly and completely fitted together, and are prevented from withdrawal, is a proper electrical connection indicated and achieved. The connector mechanism clearly indicates an electrically-connected condition, thereby preventing a half-connected condition.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a connector, and more particularly to a connector having a mechanism for maintaining a fitted condition. With reference to Figure 4, one related art connector 1 has external threads 2 formed on an outer peripheral surface of an end portion thereof, and the other connector 3 has at its outer periphery a rotation ring 5 having internal threads 4 threadedly engageable with the external threads 2. The two connectors 1 and 3 are disposed in opposed relation to each other, and the rotation ring 5 is rotated to threadedly engage the internal threads 4 with the external threads 2 so that the connectors 1 and 3 are moved toward each other and are electrically connected together. By rotating the rotation ring 5 in the opposite direction, the connectors 1 and 3 are disengaged from each other, thereby breaking the electrical connection. In the above conventional connector, the electrical connection and disconnection are achieved by rotating the rotation ring 5. However, the electrically-connected condition cannot be easily verified merely by rotating the rotation ring 5, and therefore there has been encountered a problem that a half-connected condition in which the connection is incomplete can occur. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a connector of the type in which an electrically-connected condition can be clearly verified, thus substantially eliminating a half-connected condition. Another object of the invention is to provide a positive locking mechanism for connector. Yet another object is to provide a clearly visible indication of an incomplete or improper electrical connection. The above objects of the present invention have been achieved by a connector wherein one of a pair of connector portions is inserted into and engaged with the other connector portion; a spring mechanism urges the two connector portions away from each other during the insertion, and a lock mechanism retains the two connector portions against the action of the spring mechanism when the two connector portions are moved close to a proper fitted position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of one preferred embodiment of a connector of the present invention before the fitting is effected; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the connector during the fitting operation; Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the connector in a fitted condition; and Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, the invention is applied to a connector mechanism for charging an electric car, with one connector portion fixed to a body of the car and the other connector portion connected to a distal end of a charging cable connected to a charger. Figures 1-3 show the sequential operation of the connector mechanism, wherein Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of one preferred embodiment of a connector mechanism of the present invention before engagement of the connector parts, Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the connector mechanism during the fitting operation, and Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the connector mechanism in a fitted condition. In the drawings, the car body-side connector 10 includes a square mounting plate 11 having bolt insertion holes 100 formed respectively through four corners thereof, and a tubular hood portion 12 formed on and projecting from a front face of the mounting plate. Notches 12a1 and 12a2 are formed respectively in upper and lower portions of the hood portion 12 and extend from and are located near an open end of the hood portion. The hood portion 12 has retaining holes 12b1 and 12b2 spaced respectively from the notches 12a1 and 12a2 in an inserting direction. A terminal support base 15 is formed within the hood portion 12 and is directed toward the open end of the hood portion. A power terminal 13 and a signal terminal 14 are supported by and project from the terminal support base 15. A tubular portion serving as an abutment rib 15a extends from a peripheral edge portion of the terminal support base 15. The charger-side connector 20 includes a hood portion 21 insertable into an annular space 16 between the hood portion 12 and the terminal support base 15 of the car body-side connector 10 and a terminal support base 24 that is formed within the hood portion 21 and can be inserted into the abutment rib 15a of the terminal support base 15. A tubular power terminal 22 and a tubular signal terminal 23 are supported by the terminal support base 24 and are respectively fitted on and connected to the power terminal 13 and the signal terminal 14, supported by the terminal support base 15, in a proper fitted position. A pair of opposed ribs 25 are formed on an outer peripheral surface of each of upper and lower portions of the hood portion 21 at a front end portion thereof. A lock arm 26 toward the rear end of the charger-side connector 20 is mounted at its front end between the pair of ribs 25 for pivotal movement about pivot pin 18. Formed on the outer surface of each lock arm 26 is a retaining projection 26a, having a trapezoidal cross-section, which is retainingly engageable in the retaining hole 12b1 (12b2). A thumb tab 26b is formed on the outer surface of the rear end of the lock arm 26 in a bulged manner. A leaf spring 27 of a U-shaped cross-section is provided between the lock arm 26 and the hood portion 21 to urge the thumb tab 26b of the lock arm 26 outwardly. The front surface 26c of the retaining projection 26a is slanted while the rear surface or ledge 26d thereof is vertical. An annular space 19 is formed between the hood portion 21 and the terminal support base 24, and a coil spring 28 is received in the annular space 19, and a ring-shaped abutment plate 29, corresponding in shape to an open end of annular space 19, is received in the open end and urged toward the open end by the coil spring 28. Small projections or stops 24a are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the terminal support base 24 and prevent the abutment plate 29 from disengagement with the base 24. A waterproof seal ring 31 is mounted on the inner periphery of the hood portion 21 of the charger-side connector 20 at a deepest portion thereof. The seal ring 31 is adapted to be disposed between the hood portion 21 and the outer periphery of the abutment rib 15a of the car body-side connector 10 so as to prevent the intrusion of water. The operation of the embodiment of the above construction will now be described. The open end of the hood portion 21 of the charger-side connector 20 is disposed in facing relation to the open end of the hood portion 12 of the car body-side connector 10, as shown in Fig. 1, and the charger-side connector 20 is pushed in such a manner that the hood portion 21 of the charger-side connector 20 is inserted into the annular space 16 between the hood portion 12 and the terminal support base 15 of the car body-side connector 10. During the insertion, the abutment rib 15a of the terminal support base 15 is brought into sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the waterproof seal ring 31 mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the hood portion 21 of the charger-side connector 20. When the charger-side connector is further pushed, the abutment plate 29 supported between the hood portion 21 and the terminal support base 24 is brought into engagement with the front end of the abutment rib 15a. The abutment plate 29 is urged toward the open end by the coil spring 28, and when the charger-side connector 20 is pushed, the abutment rib 15a compresses the coil spring 28 through the abutment plate 29. When the charger-side connector 20 is pushed to a position slightly before the proper fitted position, as shown in Fig. 2, the coil spring 28 is compressed, and the power terminal 13 supported on the car body-side connector 10 begins to be inserted into the power terminal 22 supported on the charger-side connector 20. At this stage, although the fitted condition is apparently achieved, the condition of connection between the power terminal 13 and the power terminal 22 is not complete. If the operator stops the inserting operation in such a halfway condition, the coil spring 28 urges the abutment rib 15a through the abutment plate 29, so that the charger-side connector 20 is pushed out, and the power terminal 22 is completely separated form the power terminal 13. This clearly indicates that the car body-side connector 10 and the charger-side connector 20 are not fitted together, and hence, the connectors are not electrically connected together. Therefore, in this embodiment, the coil spring 28 cooperates with the abutment rib 15a to constitute a spring mechanism for urging the two connectors away from each other. As shown in Figure 3, when the charger-side connector is further pushed, the retaining projection 26a of each lock arm 26 is received in the notch 12a1 (12a2) and is abutted against that portion of the hood portion 12 lying between the notch 12a1 (12a2) and the retaining hole 12b1 (12b2), so that the lock arm 26 supported by the ribs 25 is pivotally moved inwardly, while flexing the leaf spring 27. The charger-side connector is further pushed until the terminal support base 24 of the charger-side connector 10 is abutted against the terminal support base 15 of the car body-side connector 10. As a result, the power terminal 13 and the power terminal 22 are completely connected together, and the signal terminal 14 and the signal terminal 23 are completely connected together, thereby achieving a proper and complete electrical connection. The retaining projections 26a of the lock arms 26 are brought respectively into facing relation to the retaining holes 12b1 and 12b2 in the hood portion 12 and are received respectively in the holes 12b1 and 12b2 as the lock arms 26 are urged outwardly by the respective leaf springs 27. The insertion of the retaining projections 26a past holding lugs 12c1 and 12c2 is facilitated by inclined wall portion 26c. When the operator releases the connector after the connector is thus inserted into the proper fitted position, the coil spring 28 urges the charger-side connector 20 by its restoring force, but since the retaining projections 26a are retainingly received in the retaining holes 12b1 and 12b2, respectively, the charger-side connector 20 will not be withdrawn and is kept fitted in the car body-side connector 10. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lock arms 26 each having the retaining projection 26a cooperate with the hood portion 12, having the retaining holes 12b1 and 12b2, to constitute a lock mechanism for retaining the connectors against the bias of the spring mechanism. Thus, during the time when the charger-side connector 20 is inserted into the car body-side connector 10, the abutment rib 15a compresses the coil spring 28, and therefore, if the hold is released, the two connectors 20 and 10 are moved away from each other. However, when the connector is inserted into the proper fitted position, the retaining projections 26a of the lock arms 26 are retainingly engaged respectively in the retaining holes 12b1 and 12b2 in the hood portion 12, and therefore, the two connectors 20 and 10 are maintained in the fitted condition against the bias of the coil spring 28 urging the abutment rib 15a. In the properly fitted condition, the rear surface 26d of the projection 26a is in engagement with retaining lug 12c1 (12c2) of connector portion 10. Therefore, when the connectors are deeply fitted together, they are prevented from withdrawal thereby achieving a proper electrical connection. When it is desired to withdraw the charger-side connector 20, the thumb tabs 26b of the lock arms 26 are pressed inwardly. As a result, the retaining projections 26a are disengaged from the retaining holes 12b1 and 12b2, respectively, and the charger-side connector 20 is pushed out by the restoring force of the coil spring 28. In the invention of the above construction, the spring mechanism urges the two connectors away from each other during the time when one connector is inserted into the other connector. Therefore, if the inserting operation is not completed or stopped in a half-inserted condition, the connectors are moved away from each other. However, when the connectors are moved close to the proper fitted position, the lock mechanism retains the connectors against the action of the spring mechanism. Therefore, even if the hold is released, the connectors are maintained in the fitted condition. As described above, in the present invention, the connectors are separated from each other unless they are moved close to the proper fitted position. Therefore, a connector mechanism is provided in which the connectors cannot be maintained in a half-connected condition, thereby enabling a clear and visible indication of a proper electrical connection. While the embodiment disclosed herein is preferred, it will be appreciated from this teaching that various alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be made by those skilled in the art that are within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims.

Claims: A connector mechanism for maintaining and indicating a proper connection comprising: a first connector portion (10) including a first wall and a second wall, said first wall and said second wall being spaced in predetermined relation to define an annular space (16) therebetween, said first wall including at least one retaining hole (12b1, 12b2), at least one retaining lug 12c1, 12c2), and at least one notch (12a1, 12a2) and said second wall including at least one abutment rib 15a); and a second connector portion (20) having a spring mechanism and a locking assembly, said locking assembly including a locking arm having (26), at least one retaining projection (26a) adapted to cooperate with said at least one retaining hole (12b1, 12b2) and at least one flexible tab engageable with said at least one notch (12a1, 12a2); wherein: during assembly of the first connector portion (10) and the second connector portion (20), said spring mechanism engages said abutment rib (15a) of said second wall thereby compressing said spring mechanism, and said locking assembly is inserted within the annular space (16) of the first connector portion; a complete connection position is achieved when the at least one retaining projection (26a) engages said at least one retaining hole (12b1, 12b2) and the spring mechanism being in a locked state in said complete connection position; and an incomplete connection position is achieved if the at least one retaining projection (26a) and the at least one retaining hole (12b1, 12b2) are not engaged, wherein said spring mechanism indicates the incomplete connection by forcing the first connector portion (10) and the second connector portion (20) to separate. The connector mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said spring mechanism includes a spring (28) and an abutment plate (29), said abutment plate being engageable with said abutment rib (15a) of said first connector portion (10). The connector mechanism according to claim 2, wherein said abutment plate (29) is slidingly supported by a base (24) and said spring (28) is a coil spring having a shape complimentary to said base, said base including a stop (24a) for limiting sliding movement of said abutment plate (29) with respect to said base (24). The connector mechanism according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, further including a seal (31) coupled to said second connector portion and adjacent said spring mechanism and said base. The connector mechanism according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, wherein said second connector portion (20) includes a hood (21), said hood being spaced from said base (24) to thereby define a second annular space (19). The connector mechanism according to claim 5, wherein said spring mechanism is housed within said second space (19). The connector mechanism according to claim 5, wherein said locking arm (26) is flexibly mounted to said hood (21) and is spaced from said hood to define a third annular space. The connector mechanism according to anyone of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a spring (27) mounted between said hood (21) and said locking arm (26), said spring urging said at least one projection (26a) into engagement with said at least one retaining hole (12b1, 12b2) in said complete connection position. The connector mechanism according to claim 8, wherein said at least one flexible tab (26b) is depressable against the spring (27) to allow separation between the first connector portion (10) and the second connector portion (20). The connector mechanism according to anyone of claims 1 to 9, wherein said at least one retaining projection (26a) includes an inclined edge (26c) and a ledge (26d), said inclined edge facilitating sliding between the at least one retaining projection (26a) and the at least one retaining lug (12c1, 12c2), said ledge (26d) maintaining the spring mechanism in a compressed state in said complete connection position, thereby preventing movement between the first connector portion and the second connector portion. The connector mechanism according to claim 10, wherein said at least one retaining projection (26a) includes a trapezoidal shape. The connector mechanism according to anyone of claims 1 to 11, wherein said first wall and said second wall are mounted to a mounting plate (11). The connector mechanism according to claim 12, wherein said mounting plate (11) includes a base (15), said abutment rib (15a) being fixed to said base. The connector mechanism according to claim 13, wherein said base (15) includes a power terminal (13) and a signal terminal (14) that cooperate with a power terminal receiver (22) and a signal terminal receiver (23) in said second connector portion (20).

Inventors: HAYASHI HIROYUKI, HAYASHI, HIROYUKI, HAYASHI, HIROYUKI, C/O SUMITOMO WIRING SYST., LTD.
Applicants: SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H01R13
IPC codes: H01R13