Multi-faceted surgical needle

Abstract: A surgical suturing needle has a tapered needle head with a multi-faceted cross-section. The cross-section is formed by three circumferentially-spaced cutting edges (20) formed at a primary angle (α) and a plurality of extended legs (24), each extending from one of the primary angles and formed at a secondary angle (Θ). In addition, a plurality of connecting surfaces (26) adjoin adjacent extended legs.

Description: The present invention relates to a surgical suturing needle for penetrating cutaneous and sub-cutaneous tissue. More particularly, the surgical needle is provided with a tapered needle head having a 15-sided cross-section and three cutting edges, and is used generally for adjoining or closing adjacent portions of skin or tissue. Suturing needles for applying sutures, or stitches, by hand in cutaneous and sub-cutaneous tissue are well known in the art. Typically, the sutures are used to close wounds or adjoin adjacent tissue, often at the conclusion of a surgical procedure. Suturing needles are usually made from a cut blank of material such as stainless steel. The cut blank is metal-worked using well known machining techniques to form the surgical suturing needle. The needle generally includes a shaft, a rear end portion with means to grip or secure a suturing thread and a needle head at a front end portion for puncturing skin and tissue through which the needle travels. The needle head typically includes a sharpened needle tip at its distal end and cutting edges. An important consideration in designing surgical suturing needles is needle sharpness. Sharper needles require less force to penetrate the tissue and thus cause less tissue trauma. In addition, sharper needles reduce fatigue on the needle itself, making it less likely to bend or break during suturing. Needle sharpness is typically defined in terms of a so-called penetration force -- the force necessary for a needle to puncture, or penetrate, the tissue. The penetration force is primarily determined by the design and sharpness of the needle point and the cutting edges formed on the needle head. US-A-4 932 961 discloses a needle having a tapered cutting edge with a five-sided cross-section. The needle has three fluted edges for cutting the tissue. The cross-section is basically triangular in shape, but indentations are provided in two fluted edges of the triangle to form the five sides and accentuate the third fluted edge. EP-A-424 152 discloses a surgical needle with a ten-sided cross-section. This surgical needle does not solve the problem of reducing the surface area thereof to be ground during sharpening. However, further improvements in surgical needle design are desirable. The subject invention provides significant advances over conventional suturing needles by improving needle attributes such as needle sharpness, while also reducing the machining costs of manufacturing the needle. SUMMARY Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved surgical suturing needle. It is another object of the present invention to provide a surgical suturing needle with superior ability to easily penetrate the skin and tissue. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a surgical suturing needle that lessens tissue distortion. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a surgical suturing needle that minimizes the amount of material to be removed when sharpening the needle head, thus reducing machining costs. According to the invention, the surgical suturing needle has the features of claim 1. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surgical needle comprises a needle shaft, suturing thread securing means at a rear end of the needle shaft, and said tapered needle head at a front end of the needle shaft. The needle head tapers to a needle point. These and other objects, aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a surgical suturing needle of the present invention; Figure 2 is a partial bottom plan view of the distal end of the surgical suturing needle of the present invention; Figure 3 is a partial top plan view of the distal end of the surgical suturing needle of the present invention; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along plane 4A-4A in Figure 1 of a needle head of the surgical suturing needle of the present invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along plane 5A-5A in Figure 1 of a needle shaft of the surgical suturing needle of the present invention; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along plane 6A-6A in Figure 1 of a proximal end of the surgical suturing needle of the present invention; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the needle head of the present invention illustrating primary and secondary angles of the needle head; Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of the needle head in accordance with the present invention; Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of a conventional needle head; and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a needle head in an alternative embodiment of the present invention. The general shape of the surgical suturing needle 10 in accordance with the subject invention is shown in Figure 1. A needle body 12 is preferably arcuate in shape along radius R and tapers at its distal end along radius R' at one side to form a tapered needle head 14. The needle head is shaped to have a needle point 18 and a plurality of cutting edges 20 that are shown in Figures 1 through 3 and will be discussed in detail below. The suturing needle can be made from a conventional cut blank of material such as stainless steel in the shape of, for example, a wire. The cut blank is metal-worked to form the needle body 12 with a preferably rectangular cross-section as shown in Figure 5. A rear end 16, or proximal end, of the needle is barrel-shaped with a circular cross-section as shown in Figure 6, and includes an axial hole 22 for receiving and securing a suturing thread. Of course, other means besides the barrel-shaped rear end can be used for securing the suturing thread to the needle shaft. For example, a crimping channel, can be provided in the rear end of the needle 10. In accordance with the subject invention, the distal end, or front end, of the needle is metal-worked to form a needle head 14 with a 15 sided cross-section as shown in Figure 4. The needle head features three circumferentially-spaced cutting edges 20, with each cutting edge defined by two cutting surfaces 21 and having a base portion 23. Each cutting edge is contiguous with an extended leg 24 at its base portion. Figure 4 shows three extended legs 24, with each leg having a pair of tapered surfaces 25. Connecting surfaces 26 are spaced between two tapered surfaces to adjoin adjacent extended legs. Figure 4 thus shows 15 different surfaces, or facets, that combine to form the needle head of the subject invention. As shown in Figure 7, the cutting edges 20 are formed at a primary angle  that is preferably between 30° to 120°, and even more preferably around 60°. The tapered surfaces 25 of the extended legs 24 form secondary angles α preferably between 0° to 90°. The primary angle, however, is always larger than the secondary angle. The connecting surfaces 26 can be planar as shown in Figure 4, or alternatively one or more connecting surfaces can be concave in shape to blend with the surfaces of the adjacent extended legs as shown, for example, in Figure 9. One advantage of providing the needle head with a cross-section in accordance with the subject invention is that a relatively small area of the needle is actually in contact with the tissue while it is being cut as compared to conventional needle heads. The needle head 14 is shaped so the only portion that substantially contacts the tissue during cutting is the three cutting edges 20. The extended legs 24 and connecting surfaces 26 are shaped to be inside an imaginary triangle (see dotted line 30 in Figure 8A) bounded by the three cutting edges 20. This arrangement provides improved penetration performance, less tissue trauma and distortion and a reduced wound opening area. Another advantage of the needle head design in accordance with the subject invention is the significant reduction in stock removal necessary to sharpen the cutting edges 20, which results in less machining time and reduced manufacturing costs. This advantage is made possible by the difference in angles between the cutting edges 20 and the extended legs 24 leading to the cutting edges. As shown in Figure 7, for example, the primary angle  formed by the cutting edge 20 is approximately 60°, while the secondary angle α is formed at approximately 30°. In this way, the extended legs, and for that matter the adjoining surfaces 26, only incidently contact the tissue as the needle passes through the skin and do not press against the tissue and skin while it is being cut. When forming the needle head, therefore, only cutting surfaces 21 of the cutting edges 20 must be machined and polished to the high degree necessary to cut the tissue. This advantage is exemplified in Figures 8A and 8B. Figure 8B illustrates a cross-section 32 of a conventional needle head that is substantially triangular in shape. In order to sharpen the cutting edges 34, the entire planar surface 36 between adjacent cutting edges must be machined. Therefore, the entire peripheral surface of the needle head will have to undergo stock removal in order to properly sharpen the cutting edges 34. In contrast, the needle head of the subject invention shown in Figure 8A can be sharpened by removing stock from the relatively small surface area of cutting surfaces 21 that form the cutting edges 20. The cross-sectional surface areas of the needle heads shown in Figures 8A and 8B are substantially equal because a smaller overall triangle is used in Figure 8B. If distance C = 3.35[units] in Figure 8B and distances A and B in Figure 8A each equal 0.20 [units], then equation 1 shows the surface of any one side of the needle head to be sharpened in accordance with the subject invention. Equation 2 shows the difference between the surface of any one side of the needle head to be sharpened in the conventional needle head of Figure 8B and the needle head of the subject invention shown in Figure 8A. 2.95 3.35 = 0.88 Thus equation 3 above illustrates an 88% reduction in stock removal to sharpen the needle head in Figure 8A as opposed to sharpening the needle head in Figure 8B. This significant reduction means less machining is necessary and thus less cost is involved in sharpening the needle. In accordance with the subject invention, anywhere from a 60% to 90% reduction in stock removal can be provided over a conventional triangular-shaped needle head. As will be appreciated, the cutting edges 20 shown in Figure 8A form the outline of a substantially equilateral triangle (see dotted line 30), and thus are formed at substantially the same primary angle  of approximately 60°. However, the cross-section of the needle head need not form an equilateral triangle, and the cutting edges do not have to be formed at the same primary angle. For example, Figure 9 shows cutting edges 20a and 20b formed at primary angle  1 , and cutting edge 20c formed at primary angle  2 . As Figure 9 also illustrates, the secondary angles α can also vary from one another. Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, it will be understood that this description is merely for purposes of illustration.

Claims: A surgical needle having a tapered needle head with a 15-sided cross-section, said cross-section comprising: three circumferentially-spaced cutting edges (20), each cutting edge (20) having a base portion and two cutting surfaces formed at a primary angle (); three extended legs (24), with each leg extending from the base portion of one of said cutting edges (20) and formed at a secondary angle (α); and three connecting surfaces (26), each connecting surface adjoining adjacent extended legs (24), whereby the primary angle is larger than the secondary angle. A needle of Claim 1 comprising: a needle shaft; suturing thread securing means at a rear end of said needle shaft; said tapered needle head at a front end of said needle shaft, said needle head tapering to a needle point. The surgical needle of Claim 1 or 2, wherein said connecting surfaces are planar. The surgical needle of Claim 1 or 2, wherein said connecting surfaces are concave. The surgical needle of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary angles of each said cutting edge are formed at the same angle. The surgical needle of Claim 2, wherein a middle portion of said needle shaft is rectangular in cross-section. The surgical needle of Claim 2, wherein said suturing thread securing means includes a barrel-shaped end with an axial hole for securing the suturing thread.

Inventors: ALLEN RICHARD, ALLEN, RICHARD, ALLEN, RICHARD CONGDON
Applicants: AMERICAN CYANAMID CO, AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61B17
IPC codes: A61B17, A61F2