Stable pharmaceutical compositions containing hybrid alpha-interferon

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable aqueous solution of hybrid α-Interferon which contains as the stabiliser a buffer at a pH of from 3.0 to 5.0.

Description: The present invention relates to stable aqueous compositions containing α-Interferon hybrid. The Interferons are families of inducible secretory proteins produced in response to viral and other stimuli. The α-Interferons are currently being used clinically for the treatment of a number of different disease states which include: Hairy-cell leukaemia, Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS, chronic Non-A, Non-B hepatitis and Basal cell carcinoma. Recombinant human α-Interferon B/D hybrid moieties have been constructed carrying various portions of the sequence of the parent α-Interferon B and D species in order to create molecules with advantageous properties (A. Meister, G. Uz, K. E. Mogensen, J. Gen. Virol. 67 , 1633, (1986)). The parent molecules are cleaved in order to exchange the DNA segments coding for peptide sequences 1-60, 61-92, 93-150 and 151-166. The BDBB hybrid has been found to exhibit particularly interesting preclinical anti-viral and anti-proliferative activity (H.K. Hochkeppel, M. Gruetter, M.A. Horisberger, J.K. Lazdins, Drugs of the Future, 17 (10), 899, (1992)). Proteins, such as α-Interferon BDBB, possess complex chemical and physical properties which cause difficulties in the purification, separation, storage and delivery of these species. Hence, the formulation of protein medicinal agents differs greatly from that of rigid small organic molecules. Several classes of excipients have been employed in parenteral formulations of proteins and peptides. Since proteins have poor oral bioavailability, the most common approach is to present them as injectable products in order to achieve efficient drug delivery. Because of the instability in solution, proteins are, generally, formulated as lyophilised (freeze-dried) powders for reconstitution immediately prior to injection by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous routes. Protein degradation can be separated into two categories, namely chemical stability and physical stability. Chemical stability refers to all processes whereby the protein is chemically modified via bond cleavage or formation. Physical stability does not involve covalent modification, but rather changes in the higher order structure of the protein, e.g. via denaturation, aggregation or precipitation. It is desirable to maintain hybrid α-Interferon BDBB in a disaggregated state in order to eliminate any possible adverse immunogenic effects and/or inconsistent dosing during therapy. At a desirable concentration for use as an injectable therapeutic agent, hybrid α-Interferon BDBB is physically unstable in water. Its solubility is compromised and it exists in an aggregated state. Hence, stabilising excipients must be employed. We have found that hybrid α-Interferon exists in an aggregated state when formulated in solution at neutral pH (phosphate buffered). In addition, the solubility of the protein appears to be compromised under such conditions, and very little actually dissolves. In JP-A-59 196 823, a pharmaceutical composition comprising interferon together with a sugar alcohol and an organic buffering agent is disclosed. However, this document does not mention any specific interferon or describe an aqueous solution containing only interferon and a buffering agent. We have now found that formulation of hybrid α-Interferon in aqueous solution at low pH stabilises the protein, and maintains it in the desirable monomeric state, and enables more to dissolve into solution. Accordingly, the present invention provides a stable aqueous solution of hybrid α-Interferon which contains as the stablisier a buffer at a pH of from 3.0 to 5.0. The pH of the solution is preferably from 4.0 to 4.5. The hybrid α-Interferon is preferably α-Interferon BDBB (SEQ. ID No. 1). The buffer salt chosen should be pharmaceutically acceptable, e.g. glycine/HCl or sodium citrate and preferably present at a concentration between 20-400 mM. The preferred buffer salt is glycine/HCl at a concentration of 50-150 mM. A pharmaceutically acceptable polyol, e.g. mannitol, glucose or sucrose may also be employed preferably at a concentration of 20-500 mM. The preferred polyol is mannitol at a concentration of 100-250 mM. The polyol is mainly used to adjust the tonicity of the solutions to physiological values. The hybrid α-Interferon is preferably present at a concentration of 0.1-1.5 mg/ml. The most preferred range is 0.2-0.4mg/ml. The hybrid α-Interferon is normally isolated and purified by a multi-stage procedure and stored as a frozen bulk solution in a buffer system of pH 7 which is not pharmaceutically acceptable. In order to produce the stable solutions of the invention it is necessary to exchange this buffer system for one which is pharmaceutically acceptable at the desired pH. This can be carried out by adding the desired buffer, subjecting the solution to ultrafiltration, adding buffer and repeating the cycle several times. Other methods may be employed such as gel filtration chromatography. The formulations of the invention are suitable for use as pharmaceuticals for the indications mentioned above by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection. The invention is illustrated by the following Examples. Example 1 Preparation of stable 0.3 mg/ml hybrid α-Interferon BDBB citrate solution formulation at pH 4.0:- Stock bulk solution of hybrid α-Interferon BDBB (2.6 mg/ml in 200 mM ammonium chloride/ 20mM tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine at pH 7.0) is made up to 50 ml with 40 mM sodium citrate/citric acid buffer at pH 4.0 in an ultrafiltration cell (Amicon) equipped with a 10KDa Mwt cut-off membrane (Amicon YM10). The cell is pressurised to 50-60 psi using oxygen-free nitrogen. The volume is reduced, but not to such an extent that the protein will precipitate, with continuous stirring to minimise protein concentration at the surface of the membrane, and diluted back to 50 ml with 40 mM sodium citrate/citric acid buffer at pH 4.0. This cycle is repeated 5 times. The pH of the final solution is verified as 4.0. The protein content of the final solution is verified as 0.3 mg/ml using standard procedures (Bradford assay, Bio-Rad). The formulation, described above is sterile filtered and filled, aseptically, into 2 ml pharmaceutical grade Type 1 glass vials and sealed with teflon coated rubber septa/aluminium crimp caps. The vials are stored at 4°C, in the dark. At given time intervals, samples are analysed by reverse phase hplc (an index of chemical stability) and size exclusion chromatography (a measure of the aggregation state of the protein in solution). The reverse phase hplc results, expressed as the % hybrid α-Interferon of total peak area are presented below:- [hybrid α-Interferon]% 4°C Storage time/days total peak area Initial 96.53 12 96.05 21 96.64 25 96.43 26 96.30 33 95.00 44 96.33 45 95.37 49 95.34 70 94.62 92 94.83 111 94.08 136 94.00 The results are expressed as the means of replicate (generally 3-5) injections. The coefficient of variation (cv) for these determinations is < 0.3%. The degradation appears to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. By extension of the best-fit straight line through the data, an estimate of shelf-life, defined as the time taken to degrade to 95% (t95) of the initial content of hybrid α-Interferon BDBB, can be made. This formulation has a predicted shelf-life of at least 8 months at 4°C. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) reveals no detectable formation of aggregates after storage for 136 days at 4°C. Example 2 Example 1 is repeated except that the solution also contains 200 mM mannitol. Stability testing is carried out as in Example 1, but with storage at different temperatures, as shown below, for accelerated trials. Storage temperature/time [hybrid α-Interferon ]% total peak area. 25° Initial 96.33 1 week 96.07 2 weeks 94.59 3 weeks 94.07 4 weeks 93.51 6 weeks 91.83 13 weeks 86.57 30° Initial 96.32 3 weeks 93.22 6 weeks 87.72 13 weeks 78.91 40°C Initial 96.34 1 week 94.39 2 weeks 86.04 6 weeks 68.99 The degradation appears to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Using the method described in Example 1, the formulation has a predicted shelf life of over 6 weeks at 25°C. Example 3 Preparation of stable 0.3 mg/ml hybrid α-Interferon BDBB glycine solution formulation at pH 4.0:- Using an analogous procedure to that described in Example 1, stock bulk solution of hybrid α-Interferon BDBB (2.6 mg/ml in 200mM ammonium chloride/20mM tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine at pH 7.0) is converted to a 0.3mg/ml solution of the protein in 80mM glycine/HCl buffer at pH 4.0. Stability testing of the stable hybrid α-Interferon BDBB glycine solution formulation at pH 4.0 is carried out following the procedures described in Example 1. The results are:- 4°C Storage time/days [hybrid α-Interferon]% total peak area Initial 96.93 9 96.04 19 95.50 21 96.49 44 95.83 49 95.45 92 95.50 136 95.26 The degradation appears to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Using the method described in Example 1, the formulation has a predicted shelf-life of at least 18 months at 4°C. SEC reveals no significant formation of aggregated species after storage at 4°C for 136 days. Example 4 Example 3 is repeated except that the solution also contains 200mM mannitol. Stability testing is carried out as in Example 3, but with storage at different temperatures as shown below. Storage temperature/time [hybrid α-Interferon]% total peak area 4°C Initial 98.03 1 week 97.73 4 weeks 96.92 8 weeks 97.73 15 weeks 97.64 20 weeks 97.54 30 weeks 97.60 40°C Initial 98.03 1 week 95.22 2 weeks 92.97 4 weeks 84.61 The degradation appears to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Using the method described in Example 1, the formulation has a predicted shelf life of at least 5 years at 4°C. SEC reveals no significant formation of aggregated species after storage at 4°C for 20 weeks or after storage at 40°C for 4 weeks. Example 5 Example 3 is repeated except that the concentration of glycine/HCl buffer is 318mM. Stability testing is carried out as in Example 3, but with storage at different temperatures as shown below. Storage temperature/time [hybrid α-Interferon]% total peak area 4°C Initial 97.22 2 weeks 96.34 4 weeks 96.46 8 weeks 95.66 40°C Initial 97.22 1 week 91.16 2 weeks 85.60 4 weeks 77.41 The degradation appears to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Using the method described in Example 1 the formulation has a predicted shelf life of at least 6 months at 4°C.

Claims: A stable aqueous solution of hybrid α-Interferon which contains as the stabiliser a buffer at a pH of from 3.0 to 5.0. A stable solution as claimed in claim 1 which has a pH of from 4.0 to 4.5. A stable solution as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the buffer is glycine/HCl or sodium citrate. A stable solution as claimed in any preceding claim in which the buffer is present at a concentration of 20-400 mM. A stable solution as claimed in any preceding claim in which the buffer is glycine/HCl at a concentration of 50-150 mM. A stable solution as claimed in any preceding claim in which the hybrid α-Interferon is α-Interferon BDBB (SEQ. ID NO. 1). A stable solution as claimed in any preceding claim in which the hybrid α-Interferon is at a concentration of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/ml. A stable solution as claimed in claim 7 in which the hybrid α-Interferon is at a concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 mg/ml. A stable solution as claimed in any preceding claim which also contains a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol. A stable solution as claimed in claim 9 in which the polyol is mannitol, glucose or sucrose. A stable solution as claimed in claim 9 or 10 in which the polyol is present at a concentration of 20 to 500 mM. A stable solution as claimed in claim 9 in which the polyol is mannitol at a concentration of 100 to 250 mM.

Inventors: ALLEN JOHN DOUGLAS, HOWES COLIN, LOWTHER NICHOLAS, ALLEN, JOHN DOUGLAS, HOWES, COLIN, LOWTHER, NICHOLAS
Applicants: NOVARTIS AG, NOVARTIS ERFIND VERWALT GMBH, NOVARTIS-ERFINDUNGEN VERWALTUNGSGESELLSCHAFT M.B.H.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61K38
IPC codes: A61K9, A61K47, A61K38