Photoelectric type fire detector

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric type fire detector capable of reporting an own trouble in an early stage and detecting an own trouble by itself. An upper limit and a lower limit are predetermined for output levels of an amplifier in a photoelectric type fire detector. Between the process of fire monitoring, a gain set in the amplifier is increased automatically. It is then detected that output level of the amplifier resulting from an increase in gain deviates from a range defined with the predetermined upper and lower limits. The number of times of detection with respect to output level deviating from the range is counted. If the counted number of output levels exceeds a predetermined maximum, it is determined that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a photoelectric type fire detector in a fire alarm system, or more particularly, to an own-failure detecting function. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART A photoelectric type fire detector comprises a light emitting element and a light receiving element both lying in a dark chamber. Light emanating from the light emitting element is scattered with smoke. The scattered light is detected by the light receiving element. The detected quantity of light is amplified by an amplifier. The level of an output signal of the amplifier is analyzed to work out a smoke density. Thus, fire monitoring is effected. The photoelectric type fire detector performs not only the fire monitoring but also what is referred to as stationary value monitoring. For the stationary value monitoring, a stationary value (which is output by the amplifier in a non-fire state) is detected in the photoelectric type fire detector, and then a trouble in the photoelectric type fire detector (own failure) is identified using the detected stationary value. The stationary value is much smaller than the output levels of the amplifier resulting from occurrence of a fire. When the stationary value is used as it is, it is hard to determine whether the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal or not. A prior art for allowing a photoelectric type fire detector to detect an own trouble is described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No.64-4239. The prior art has a light emitting element, a light receiving element for receiving light from the light emitting element, and an upper limit comparator and a lower limit comparator for comparing an output signal of the light receiving element with an upper limit and a lower limit respectively. A fire receiver is used to remotely control the comparators in the photoelectric type fire detector. In the above prior art, the photoelectric type fire detector itself cannot detect an own trouble without controlling the comparators in the photoelectric type fire detector from the fire receiver. This results in the heavy load the fire receiver must incur. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric type fire detector capable of reporting an own trouble in an early stage and detecting an own trouble by itself. According to the present invention, an upper limit and a lower limit are pre-set for output level of an amplifier. Between the process of fire monitoring, a gain set in the amplifier is increased automatically at a predetermined interval. In each of the term, it is detected whether or not the output level of the amplifier resulting from the increase in gain deviates from a range defined with the upper limit and lower limit. Then a time interval during which the output level of the amplifier is detected to consecutively deviate from the range is measured. When the time interval exceeds a predetermined maximum, it is determined that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal. According to the present invention, an upper limit and a lower limit are pre-set for output level of an amplifier. Between the process of fire monitoring, a gain set in the amplifier is increased automatically. It is then detected that the output level of the amplifier resulting from the increase in gain deviates from a range defined with the upper and lower limits. A time interval during which the output level consecutively deviates from the range is measured by counting the number of times that the output level deviates from the range. When the time interval exceeds a predetermined maximum, it is determined that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal. By increasing the gain, a trouble can be identified reliably. Moreover, since stationary value monitoring can be executed frequently, therefore a trouble in the photoelectric type fire detector can be reported in an early stage. Furthermore, the photoelectric type fire detector itself can detect an own trouble. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing the operations to be executed by a microcomputer 10 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a microcomputer 10 controls the whole of a photoelectric type fire detector. A ROM 20 contains a program shown in the flowchart of Fig. 2. A RAM 21 offers a work area, and stores a stationary value monitoring flag FL to be turned on when stationary value monitoring is needed, an output voltage SLV of a sample-and-hold circuit 42, an error flag E indicating that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal, and a count value C; that is, the number of times of detection for output level indicating a possibility that the photoelectric type fire detector may be abnormal. An EEPROM 22 stores address of the photoelectric type fire detector in a fire alarm system, set values, an upper limit Vu and a lower limit Vd for output level of an amplifier, and a maximum count Cm. The maximum count Cm is a maximum permissible number of the continuous-time in which the output level of an amplifier 40 resulting from an increase in amplification factor consecutively deviate from a range defined with the upper limit Vu and lower limit Vd. The microcomputer 10 detects that the output level of the amplifier 40 resulting from the increase in amplification factor deviates from the range defined with the upper limit Vu and lower limit Vd. The number of output levels of the amplifier 40 resulting from the increase in amplification factor and consecutively deviating from the above range is counted to measure a time interval during which the output level of the amplifier 40 is detected to consecutively deviates from the range. When the number of output levels exceeds the maximum count Cm, the photoelectric type fire detector is determined to be abnormal. These operation are also performed by the microcomputer 10. In response to a light emission control pulse sent from the microcomputer 10, a light emitting circuit 30 supplies current pulse for light emission to the light emitting element 31. The amplifier 40 amplifies an output level of the light receiving element 41 at a given amplification factor. The amplifier 40 uses a normal amplification factor during fire monitoring. During stationary value monitoring for monitoring an own trouble, the amplifier 40 responds to an amplification factor increase instruction signal added from the microcomputer 10 and uses another amplification factor whose value is larger than that used during fire monitoring. After stationary value monitoring is completed, the normal amplification factor is reused for amplification. Thus, the amplifier 40 uses two values of amplification factors alternately. A transmitting/receiving circuit 50 includes a transmitting circuit for sending a signal representing a physical magnitude of smoke density, a fire signal, an error signal and other signals to a fire receiver (not shown), and a receiving circuit for receiving signals such as a call signal sent in part of polling initiated by the fire receiver and for transferring the received signals to the microcomputer 10. An indicator lamp 51 lights when the photoelectric type fire detector shown in Fig. 1 detects a fire. A constant voltage circuit 60 supplies constant voltage using voltage fed over a power supply/signal line (not shown). A/D in the microcomputer 10 in Fig. 10 denotes an analog-digital converter. A pair of the microcomputer 10 and amplifier 40 is an example of amplification factor increasing means for increasing an amplification factor set in the amplifier between the process of detecting a smoke density for fire monitoring. The EEPROM 22 is an example of a range setting means for defining an upper limit and a lower limit for output level of the amplifier. The microcomputer 10 is an example of a comparing means for detecting that the output level of the amplifier resulting from an increase in amplification factor deviates from the range defined with the upper and lower limits. The microcomputer 10 is also an example of a counting means for counting the number of output levels of the amplifier resulting from an increase in amplification factor and consecutively deviating from the above range. The microcomputer 10 is also an example of a trouble identifying means that when the number of output levels exceeds the maximum count, determines that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal. Next, the operation of the aforesaid embodiment will be described. Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing the operations to be executed by the microcomputer 10. To begin with, initialization is executed (step S1). If the stationary value monitoring flag FL in the RAM 21 is off (step S2), it is time that fire monitoring is executed. Supply of an amplification factor increase indicating signal to the amplifier 40 is stopped (step S3). The amplification factor set in the amplifier 40 is returned to the normal one. A light emission control pulse is output to the light emitting circuit 30. This causes the light emitting circuit 30 to emit light. Light received by the light receiving element 41 is amplified by a normal gain. Fire monitoring is then executed (step S4). When the fire monitoring terminates, the stationary value monitoring flag FL is turned on in preparation for the succeeding stationary value monitoring (step S5). Control is then returned to step S2. Since the stationary value monitoring flag FL is on, an amplification factor increase indicating signal is sent to the amplifier 40 so that the amplifier 40 increases the gain (step S11). A light emission control pulse is output to the light emitting circuit 30. The amplifier 40 amplifies the light received by the light receiving element 41 at a high amplification factor so that stationary value monitoring can be effected easily using the output signal of the light receiving element 41. An output voltage SLV is fetched from the sample-and-hold circuit 42 (step S12), and then placed in the RAM 21. The upper limit Vu and lower limit Vd are read from the EEPROM 22 (step S13), and then placed in the RAM 21. The output voltage SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 is compared with the upper limit Vu and lower limit Vd (step S14). If the output voltage SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 is an intermediate value between the upper limit Vu and lower limit Vd, the photoelectric type fire detector is normal. The error flag E existent in the RAM 21 is therefore turned off (step S15). The count value C indicating a possibility of a trouble is reset to "0" (step S16). A sequence of stationary value monitoring terminates. The stationary value monitoring flag FL is then turned off in preparation for the succeeding fire monitoring (step S17). At step S14, if the output voltage SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 has a larger value than the upper limit Vu, it can be supposed that a insect or dust is entered the photoelectric type fire detector. A possibility that a trouble might occur in the photoelectric type fire detector is therefore identified. If the output voltage SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 has a smaller value than the lower limit Vd, a possibility that a short circuit might occur in the photoelectric type fire detector is identified. In either of the events, there is a possibility that the photoelectric type fire detector enters an abnormal state. The count C indicating the possibility of a trouble is incremented by one (step S21). At this time, the maximum count Cm for the count C is read from the EEPROM 22, and then compared with the count C (step S22). If the count C has a larger value than the maximum count Cm, it is determined that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal. The error flag E is then turned on (step S23). A sequence of stationary value monitoring terminates. The stationary value monitoring flag FL is then turned off in preparation for the succeeding fire monitoring (step S17). If the microcomputer 10 receives a state return instruction sent from the fire receiver, which is not shown in Fig. 2, the microcomputer 10 returns the state of the error flag E together with an address of the photoelectric type fire detector. In this stage, if the error flag E is on, the fire receiver may recognizes that the photoelectric type fire detector is abnormal. In the aforesaid embodiment, if the fire receiver sends many state return instructions to each photoelectric type fire detector, the fire receiver can be aware of an abnormal state of a photoelectric type fire detector in an early stage. Further, since the photoelectric type fire detector itself executes stationary value monitoring, the photoelectric type fire detector can therefore detect an own trouble by itself. This results in the reduced load to the fire receiver. In the aforesaid embodiment, at steps S14 and S21 in Fig. 2, the number of output voltages SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 having larger values than the upper limit Vu is added to the number of output voltages SLV of thesample- and-hold circuit 42 having smaller values than the lower limit Vd. The number of output voltages SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 having larger values than the upper limit Vu may be counted separately from the number of output voltages SLV of the sample-and-hold circuit 42 having smaller values than the lower limit Vd. The maximum count Cm for use when the output voltage SLV has a smaller value than the lower limit Vd may then be set to a larger value than the maximum count Cm for use when the output voltage SLV has a larger value than the upper limit Vu. According to the present invention, a photoelectric type fire detector can report an own abnormal state to the fire receiver in an early stage. Moreover, since the photoelectric type fire detector itself executes stationary value monitoring, the photoelectric type fire detector can detect an own trouble by itself. This results in the reduced load to the fire receiver.

Claims: A photoelectric type fire detector in which a light receiving element receives scattered light resulting from scattering of light emanating from a light emitting element due to smoke particles, an amplifier amplifies an output signal of said light receiving element, and a control unit detects a smoke density using a voltage of an amplified output signal of said amplifier, comprising: an amplification factor increasing means for increasing an amplification factor set in said amplifier at intervals of a given period as a time-sharing task in the process of detecting said smoke density for fire monitoring; a range setting means for setting an upper limit and a lower limit for output levels of said amplifier; a comparing means for detecting that output levels of said amplifier resulting from an increase in said amplification factor deviate from a range defined with said upper limit and said lower limit; a counting means for measuring a time interval during which output levels of said amplifier resulting from an increase in said amplification factor consecutively deviate from said range; a maximum setting means for setting a maximum value for said time interval; and a trouble identifying means for identifying occurrence of a trouble in said photoelectric type fire detectorr when said time interval exceeds said maximum value. A photoelectric type fire detector according to claim 1, wherein said counting means adds up the number of output levels of said amplifier resulting from an increase in said amplification factor and having larger values than said upper limit, and the number of outputs of said amplifier resulting from an increase in said amplification factor and having smaller values than said lower limit. A photoelectric type fire detector according to claim 1, wherein said counting means counts the number of output levels of said amplifier, which result from an increase in said amplification factor and have larger values than said upper limit, separately from the number of output levels said amplifier resulting from an increase in said amplification factor and having smaller values than said lower limit; and wherein said maximum setting means has a maximum value for use when an output level of of said amplifier has a value larger than said upper limit and another maximum value for use when an output level of of said amplifier has a value smaller than said lower limit. A photoelectric type fire detector according to claim 3, wherein in said maximum setting means, the maximum value for use when an output level of said amplifier has a smaller value than said lower limit exceeds the maximum value for use when an output level of said amplifier has a larger value than said upper limit. A photoelectric type fire detector according to claim 1, wherein said control unit is a microcomputer that operates according to a program stored in a ROM; wherein said amplification factor increasing means includes said microcomputer and said amplifier; wherein said range setting means and said maximum setting means are realized with an EEPROM; and wherein said comparing means, said counting means, and said trouble identifying means are realized with said microcomputer.

Inventors: MOCHIZUKI MIKIO, MOCHIZUKI, MIKIO, MOCHIZUKI, MIKIO, C/O NOHMI BOSAI LTD
Applicants: NOHMI BOSAI LTD, NOHMI BOSAI LTD.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G08B29
IPC codes: G01N21, G08B17, G08B29