Ornament

Abstract: An ornament of the present invention is composed of a light transmission material having a plurality of facets (21), and a plurality of fine grooves (23) are formed on these facets, thereby to increase brilliancy, dispersion and scintillation effects of rays of light so as to heighten the ornamental property.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an ornament according to the preamble portion of claim 1. A diamond is one of typical jewelry. The reason why the diamond holds the highest position as jewelry is due to a fact that the diamond itself has excellent features such as transparency and a high refractive index, but has also deep relevancy with a method of cutting. Because, the reflected quantity of light and the refraction state of light varies delicately depending on the method of cutting. A typical method of cutting is brilliant-cut. This method of cutting is presently known as a method of showing splendid beauty of a diamond most eminently as compared with all the other methods of cutting such as square-cut and emerald-cut. The beauty of a brilliant-cut diamond first exists in the large quantity of total reflection. Due to a high refractive index, the total reflection area is wide and total reflection quantity is large. Hence, a diamond shines as everyone knows. This phenomenon is called brilliancy. Next, the total reflection light gives rise to dispersion due to the difference of the refractive index in accordance with oscillation frequencies of respective colors and changes in seven colors. This rainbow in seven colors is called the fire. Furthermore, the light totally reflected from facet planes moves while glittering every time the diamond moves or a watcher moves its eyes. This phenomenon is called scintillation. By means of brilliant-cut, these brilliancy, dispersion and scintillation are brought about efficiently, which constitutes a strong reason for the beauty of a diamond. As a prior art for improving the beauty, there is the Republic of South Africa Patent Application Number 7018135 (corresponding to Japanese Patent Provisional Publication Number 47-11241) applied on December 1, 1970, "A Cut Diamond and A Cut Method thereof". In this invention, a square-cut method is adopted from a viewpoint of improvement of raw material yield of rough diamond. Further, there is U.S. Patent Application Number 690401 applied on May 27, 1976 (corresponding to Japanese Patent Provisional Publication Number 52-147170) "Cut Jewel Made Brilliant". This invention relates to a hybrid-cut method provided with advantages of both the square-cut method having high raw material yield of rough diamond and the brilliant-cut method superior in brilliancy of a diamond. Furthermore, there is Patent Application Number 254360 applied on September 29, 1989 (Laid-Open Number 3-115582) "Method of Coating Precious Metals on Diamond". This invention relates to a method of coating precious metals on a diamond. However, no technique for aiming at improvement of an ornamental property of an ornament composed of a light transmission material has been known up to now other than the cut method and precious metal coating. In any event, the improvement of the ornamental property is an eternal subject with respect to an ornament such as a diamond and other jewels. DE 92 07 571 U1 describes a structure of a gem having multiple layers consisting of a gem, an upper layer and a lower layer of hard metal. The surface of the gem is provided with cuts in which the hard metal is deposited. With this gem structure the appearance of the gem can be modified. However, applying the hard metal coating is cost and time intensive. Further, the ornamental property of an ornament comprised of the gem structure is worsened by the coating. US 2,511,510 describes a synthetic cabochon-cut stone having a plane base. The plane base is given a great multiplicity of minute, sharp, shallow cuts or grooves over three intersecting areas. These intersecting areas in the plane base are provided to produce a star which is visible from above and all sides of the stone. LU 67 421 A describes a gem having the rear plane surface formed with grooves and the front curved surface formed without grooves. Thus, light entering the gem through the front curved surface reflects only on the rear plane surface. It is an object of the present invention to improve an ornamental property of an ornament such as a jewel. According to the invention, the object is solved by the feature combination of claim 1. The subclaims contain further preferred embodiments of the invention. A jewel such as a diamond, glass, plastic or cubic zirconia or the like are typical as a light transmission material for generating diffraction. When patterns of fine grooves formed on a cut facet of the light transmission material are different in respective areas carved out on the cut facet, it is possible to further obtain various ornamental effects. For example, a pattern of fine grooves in parallel lines, concentric circles and waveforms or combination of patterns in parallel lines, concentric circles and waveforms involves various ornamental behavior of light. Respective areas on the cut facet of a light transmission material may be carved out optionally, but special brilliancy is presented when respective areas are formed radially. When description is made in more details, since fine grooves are formed on at least one or more cut facets of the light transmission material, diffraction is generated at the cut facets. Further, when ornamental cut such as brilliant-cut is applied to the light transmission material, the beauty which has never been available so far is displayed by being combined with brilliancy, dispersion and scintillation by reflection and refraction of light originating in this cut. When a jewel such as a diamond, glass, plastic or cubic zirconia is used as the light transmission material, the ornament shines more beautifully due to the transparency thereof. When the patterns of fine grooves formed on the cut facets of the light transmission material are different with respect to respective areas carved out on the cut facets, the diffraction state by the fine grooves in respective areas are different. Thus, only a specific color is emphasized particularly on the cut facet or patterns in various colors are drawn, and furthermore, brilliancy, dispersion and scintillation are also emphasized. In such a manner, the ornament shines more beautifully. By forming the pattern of fine grooves in parallel lines, concentric circles or waveforms, it is possible to change the diffraction state of light. With this, it is possible to enjoy more complicated brilliancy, dispersion and scintillation. When respective areas carved out on the cut facet of the light transmission material are formed radially, it is possible to show a crisscross pattern shining in a specific color on the cut facet. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1(a) shows a plan view and a partial enlarged view showing a surface of a table 21 of brilliant-cut according to a first example not covered by the present invention, and FIG. 1(b) is a partial enlarged view showing a vertical section of a part of the surface of the table 21; FIG. 2 shows a plan view and a partial enlarged view showing a surface of a table of brilliant-cut according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 shows a plan view and a partial enlarged view showing a surface of a table of brilliant-cut according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 shows an outline of a brilliant-cut process; FIG. 5(a) is a front view of brilliant-cut, and FIG. 5(b) is a plan view of brilliant-cut; FIG. 6(a) and FIG. 6(b) show diagram for explaining reflection from surface at an incidence angle of 10° and 89°, respectively, and FIG. 7(a) shows a pattern of fine grooves formed in concentric circles, and FIG. 7(b) shows a pattern of fine grooves formed in waveforms. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawings. The effect of the present invention can be confirmed only through experiments. It is considered that the effect is shown most eminently in a diamond, but brilliant-cut cubic zirconia of 0.5 carat is used in the experiment for convenience' sake. The cubic zirconia is obtained by adding a stabilizer such as Y 2 O 3 to cubic zirconium oxide and has a property resembling closely to that of a diamond. Therefore, it is used as a substitute jewel for a diamond. TABLE 1 shows physical characteristics of diamond and cubic zirconia. Diamond Cubic Zirconia Mohs' hardness 10 7.5∼8.5 Density (g/cm 3 ) 3.52 6 Refractive index 2.417 2.16 Double refraction 0 0 Degree of dispersion 0.044 0.06 Further, brilliant-cut is known as a cut method for making brilliancy of a diamond more beautiful, and is a cut method generally applied to cubic zirconia used in the experiments of the present invention and other ornaments. The cut method will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 4. The brilliant-cut is completed by processing through various processes of (a) inking 41, (b) serving 43, (c) rounding 45, (d) blocking 47 and reguard ring 48, (e) main-facet-cut and (f) other facet-cut. FIG. 5 shows a detailed proportion of completed brilliant-cut. FIG. 5(a) and FIG. 5(b) show a front view and a plan view of brilliant-cut, respectively. A top face represented by a reference numeral 51 seen in the front view of FIG. 5(a) is called a "table", and inclined faces represented by a reference numeral 53 in which a sectional area in a horizontal direction is increased gradually are formed down to approximately 3/10 of the whole height toward the downward direction in the figure from the peripheral edge of the table 51. These inclined faces are called a "crown". Furthermore, at the remaining height of approximately 7/10, separate inclined faces represented by a reference numeral 55 in which the sectional area in a horizontal direction decreases gradually so as to converge are formed. These inclined faces are called a "pavilion". Then, a "girdle" 57 is provided between the crown 53 and the pavilion 55. As a result, the girdle 57 is formed in a due circle form when it is seen in the plan view of FIG. 5(b). The relationship between brilliancy, dispersion, scintillation and reflection from the surface that are principal reasons for the beauty of a diamond and a proportion of the diamond is as described hereunder. A phenomenon that a diamond shines is called "brilliancy", and total reflection of light is utilized therein. A diamond has a refractive index of 2.42, which is a very high value as compared with that of other jewels such as 1.55 of crystal and 1.77 of ruby and sapphire. As a result, when rays of light incident from the table 51 reach the pavilion 55, most of the rays of light are reflected totally (i.e., the rays of light do not get out of the diamond from the pavilion 55, but return inside again), and reach the crown 53 and get out of the diamond from the crown, thus going into human eyes so as to respond to brilliancy. The angle of the pavilion 55 is important in order to generate total reflection, and the angle of the pavilion is formed normally at 40° 3/4' with respect to a horizontal line in FIG. 5(a). The totally reflected rays of light give rise to "dispersion" and change in seven colors. This is due to such a fact that the incident rays of light include respective colors in the case of rays of light radiated by a high temperature body such as the sunlight (which is also referred to as "complex light") even if it appears white color for the naked eye, and each of respective colors has the number of oscillation corresponding to the color. Since the light having a higher number of oscillation (i.e., the light close to a purple color in the visual light) has a larger refractive index, and on the contrary, the light having a lower number of oscillation (i.e., the light close to a red color in the visual light) has a smaller refractive index. Therefore, the difference in color appears as the difference of the refractive index, and the totally reflected rays of light are dispersed into respective colors and present a rainbow in seven colors (the fire). TABLE 2 shows the relationship between a wavelength (an inverse number of the number of oscillation) λ and a refractive index R.I. of the incident light in a diamond. Besides, the difference of the refractive index between purple and red is generally called degree of dispersion D.R. Wavelength λ[Å] Refractive Index R.I. Red 6,870 2,407 Orange 5,890 2,417 Green 5,720 2,427 Purple 380 2,451 Degree of Dispersion D.R.=2.451-2.407=0.044 Accordingly, the higher the degree of dispersion becomes, the clearer the way of divergence of spectrum becomes. Further, the more accurate the angle of the pavilion 55 is, and the more the frequency of total reflection increases and the longer the light path becomes inside the diamond (in other words, the larger the dimensions of a diamond becomes), the clearer the dispersion becomes, and the fire can be seen distinctly. The degree of dispersion 0.044 of a diamond shows this fire beautifully and elegantly for human eyes. A "scintillation" phenomenon in which the reflected light of a diamond moves while glittering in accordance with the movement of the diamond or the movement of eyes is generated. The scintillation phenomenon includes minuteness of a diamond, the number of facets, finish of polished face of facet, accuracy of angles of respective facets or the like as primary factors. Further, a part of rays of light incident to a diamond does not make headway inside a diamond, but "is reflected from the surface" of the diamond. As shown in FIGs. 6(a) and (b), 17.24% of the incident light is reflected from the surface at an incidence angle of 10°, reflection increases with the incidence angle and 89.97% of the incident light is reflected from the surface at the incidence angle of 89°. "Reflection from the surface" includes the refractive index and the incidence angle of the incident light as primary factors. The reflected light from the surface is generated by the incident light from the outside being reflected as it is, and occasionally contains the color of indoor blue carpets and walls as it is, thus working so as to further enhance the beauty of the diamond. A first example not covered by the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. According to the first example, after preparing a sample made of cubic zirconia of 0.5 carat by a brilliant-cut method, fine grooves 23 in a single and optional direction are formed (line working) on the surface of the table 21. This line working has been performed by a lithography method using normal argon etching in the printing industry and the semiconductor manufacturing industry. To be concrete, it is made through various processes of ultraviolet reduction exposure, development and argon etching. In the argon etching process, a MILLATRON 8-E-Rev. apparatus manufactured by COMMON WEALTH SCIENTIFIC CO., LTD. was used. Further, etching conditions are as follows. Namely, background pressure is 8.0x10 -4 Pa, working pressure 2.7x10 -2 Pa, Ar gas flow rate 20 sccm, magnet current 1.6 A, glow current 6.0 A, extractor voltage and current 350 V and 0 A, cathode current 3.3 A, neutralizer current 14.0 A, ion output voltage and current 400 V and 0.5 A, stage cooling temperature 5°C, stage inclination 90° and working hour 170 sec. The finish of the surface of the table 21 is such that, as shown in FIG. 1(b) which is a partial enlarged view, fine grooves 29 each having a width 27 of approximately 2.5 µm and a depth 28 of approximately 0.2 to 0.3 µm at mutual spacing 25 of approximately 2.5 µm are formed in an optional fixed direction and at substantially equal spacings over the total length of the surface of the table 21. The effects of this present example were confirmed by adopting a sample produced under exactly the same conditions as the first embodiment except no processing is applied to the surface of the table 21 after brilliant-cut as a conventional article and comparing the sample of the first embodiment with this conventional article. Parallel rays of light were radiated to the sample of the first embodiment and the conventional article by a double arm fiber lighting apparatus made by NIKON corporation. It was noticed that the sample of the first example generated still stronger dispersion and reflection from the surface as compared with the conventional article. Furthermore, it was also noticed that the whole table face shined in red, blue or yellow depending on the directions of radiated parallel rays of light and one's eyes and a rainbow in seven colors (the fire) was noticed. Such increase of ornamental effects is considered to originate in addition of the brilliancy of the dispersion light due to reflective diffraction and transmission diffraction at the fine grooves formed on the table surface to the usual brilliancy of the dispersion light by refraction. (1) First Embodiment A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. According to the first embodiment, a sample made of cubic zirconia of 0.5 carat is prepared by the brilliant-cut method. Thereafter, the surface of an almost octagonal table 11 among various configurations is carved out into a plurality of areas 17 by optional diagonal lines 13 or lines 15 connecting middle points of opposite sides mutually. Fine grooves 19 in optional fixed directions different from one another are formed (line working) in respective carved out areas 17. Here, carving out into areas and line working are performed by etching at a time. For example, it becomes possible by preparing a predetermined pattern mask corresponding to FIG. 2 in an ultraviolet reduction exposure process among the etching operation described above. The conditions of lithography operation of line working are similar to those in the first example. Therefore, the finish of the surface of the areas 17 of the table 11 is substantially the same as that in the first example as shown in FIG. 1(b) which is a partial enlarged view. Furthermore, the effects of the present embodiment were also confirmed in a similar manner as the first example. Namely, a sample prepared under exactly the same conditions as the first embodiment except no working is applied to the surface of the table 11 was adopted as a conventional article, and the sample of the second embodiment was compared with the conventional article. When parallel rays of light generated by the double arm fiber lighting apparatus were radiated to the sample of the first embodiment and the conventional article from several directions, it was noticed that the sample of the first embodiment generated more intense dispersion and reflection from the surface and scintillation showing more numbers of generation. Due to the intense dispersion, a rainbow in seven colors is produced distinctly. Such increase of the ornamental effects is considered to originate in a fact that effects by the diffraction light at fine grooves formed in every area are newly added. (2) Second Embodiment A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. According to the second embodiment, a sample made of cubic zirconia of 0.5 carat is prepared by the brilliant-cut method. Thereafter, the surface of an almost octagonal table 31 among the brilliant-cut configurations is carved out into a plurality of radial areas 39 by lines connecting the center 33 thereof to respective vertical angles 35 or middle points 37 of the sides. Fine grooves in fixed directions different from one another are formed (line working) with respect to respective carved out radial areas 39. The work conditions of line working are similar to those in the first example and the first embodiment. Therefore, the finish of the surfaces of areas 39 of the table 31 is substantially the same as that of the first example, FIG. 1(b) as shown which is a partial enlarged view. Furthermore, the effects of the present embodiment were also confirmed in a similar manner as the first example and the first embodiment. Namely, a sample prepared under exactly the same conditions as the second embodiment except that no working is applied to the surface of the table 31 is adopted as a conventional article, and the sample of the third embodiment was compared with this conventional article. When parallel rays of light generated by a double arm fiber lighting apparatus were radiated to the sample of the third embodiment and the conventional article from several directions, it was noticed that the sample of the third embodiment produced more intense dispersion and reflection from the surface as compared with the conventional article. Furthermore, it was noticed that the reflected light focused into an image of a crisscross pattern above the table 31 as an effect peculiar to the third embodiment. Further, it was also noticed that the image of the crisscross pattern changed into red, blue or yellow depending on the directions of radiating parallel rays of light and one's gaze. This is considered to originate in a fact that the areas of forming fine grooves are formed radially. (3) Description of Other Embodiments (a) Light transmission material As a light transmission material, all types of transparent and semitransparent jewels, glass or the like presenting a diffraction phenomenon such as jewels such as a diamond, glass, plastic or cubic zirconia may be used. (b) Cut configuration of light transmission material The cut other than the brilliant-cut may be applied as the type of cut. Further, it is not necessarily required to form a perfect polyhedron by cutting, but partial curved surfaces are acceptable. For example, when the present invention is applied to an ornament made of crystal glass having a shape of an animal, a tail is formed with a curved surface and other portions are formed in a polyhedron, and fine grooves of the present invention are formed at least on any one face of the polyhedron. With this, the diffraction light generated on the face appears as dispersion light on the other faces of the polyhedron and curved surfaces, thus making it possible to increase brilliancy. (c) Configuration and pattern of fine grooves formed on cut facet The pattern of the fine grooves is not limited to the patterns of the fine grooves disclosed in the first and the second embodiment (FIG. 2 or FIG. 3). Further, the dimensions shown with respect to the configuration of individual fine grooves, the depth of groove, the spacings among grooves and others are illustrative by examples and are not limited thereto. When the spacing among fine grooves is too wide as compared with the wavelength of light, however, interference effects by diffraction are not displayed so conspicuously. Further, the fine grooves formed in respective areas need not to be parallel straight lines as described in the embodiments, but may be formed in concentric circles as shown in FIG. 7(a) or may be formed in waveforms as shown in FIG. 7(b). (d) Ornaments applied with the present invention The present invention is effective when the jewels described in the first to the third embodiments are used for rings and brooches. Further, it is also applicable to an ornament for the alcove made of crystal glass. Furthermore, it is possible to manufacture a chandelier applied with the present invention by using lightweight plastic materials. As described above, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to make the most of the glitter of brilliancy, dispersion, scintillation or the like on respective cut facets, thus improving ornamental property of jewelry by applying line working to the cut facets of a light transmission material including jewels. Besides, in order to clarify materialization of the present invention and the effects of the present invention objectively, the present applicant submits color pictures showing the brilliancy, dispersion, scintillation or reflection from the surface of the samples in the first and the second embodiment are still more improved as compared with a conventional example as separate reference data simultaneously with the application.

Claims: An ornament of a light transmissive material having a plurality of cut facets, wherein at least one of said cut facets has a plurality of fine grooves (29) used as diffraction grating, said plurality of fine grooves (29) being spaced over the total surface of said one facet with a substantially equal spacing (25), characterized in that said spacing (25) is within 0.1 microns to 1000 microns suitable for the diffraction of visible light entering the ornament through said one facet to form a rainbow of seven colors within said ornament and thereby enhance the appearance of the ornament, and in that said one facet is divided into a plurality of areas where the fine grooves (29) in one area of said one facet have a different orientation than the fine grooves (29) in other areas of said one facet adjoining said one area. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said light transmissive material is a material selected from the group consisting of a diamond, glass, plastic and a cubic zirconia. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said spacing (25) is approximately 2.5 microns. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein the width (27) of each of said plurality of fine grooves (29) is approximately 2.5 microns. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said fine grooves (29) are parallel lines. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said fine grooves (29) are formed as concentric circles. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said fine grooves (29) form a wave form pattern. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said fine grooves (29) form a pattern of parallel lines, concentric circles or waveforms. An ornament according to claim 1, wherein said areas of said one facet extend radically outward from the center of said one facet.

Inventors: NAKAMA HIROSHI, NAKAMA, HIROSHI
Applicants: YAMATO KAKO KK, YAMATO KAKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A44C17
IPC codes: A44C17, A44C27, B44F3