Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release

Abstract: An erodible pharmaceutical composition providing a unique zero order controlled release profile contains a therapeutically active substance having a water solubility not greater than 80 mg/mL in water at 25°C, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers depending on drug solubility and drug loading, such as lactose and polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol, as well as other inert materials such as binders and lubricants.

Description: The present invention relates to an erodible pharmaceutical composition providing a unique zero order controlled release profile. The erodible composition contains a therapeutically active substance having a solubility not greater than 80 mg/ml, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers depending on drug solubility and drug loading, such as lactose and polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol as well as other inert materials such as binders and lubricants. The composition erodes with a constant erosion volume for a desired time period. When ingested, the matrix forms two layers, an outer layer of hydrated matrix which is eroding and an inner core of unchanged matrix. The composition provides a zero order release profile, in part, because the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is either negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant. Zero order release means that the rate of active substance released per time remains essentially constant throughout the lifespan of the composition. For example, a composition which releases 10% of the active ingredient per hour would release approximately 100% of the active substance in 10 hours. More particularly, the present invention relates to an erodible pharmaceutical composition, shaped and compressed to a solid unit dosage form, which provides a zero order controlled release of a therapeutically active substance, the erodible composition comprising between about 5% to 60% w/w of a therapeutically active substance which has a solubility of not greater than 80 mg/ml in water at 25°C, selected from the group of (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid, (+)-cis-3-(acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[2-dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one, Cibenzoline Succinate, Flumazenil, 4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-1-[1-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)nonyl]piperidine, 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine and 5-[3-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]-2-propynyl]phenanthrydin-6(5H)-one, and at least 5% up to 50% w/w of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, having a hydroxy propyl content of 7 - 12%, a methoxy content of 19 - 30%, a methoxy degree of substitution of 1.1 - 2.0% and a molecular weight of 20 000 - 26 000 daltons with a viscosity for a 2% w/w solution in the range of 50 to 100 mPas (cps) at 25 °C and the remainder of the erodible composition consisting of inert carriers. In accordance with the present invention, formulations for the preparation of the erodible compositions for oral administration having zero order release are prepared as described below. The active ingredient was mixed with a cellulose ether derivative, such as Methocel® K100 LV, and an erosion modifier, such as lactose or a nonionic surfactant, such as polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol (sold under the tradename Pluronic F-68), as a direct blend or wet granulated with appropriate binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is available under the tradename Povidone. Klucel LF is a commercially available hydroxypropyl cellulose. The wet granulation was dried at 50°C and screened through a #30 mesh screen. A lubricant such as magnesium stearate was blended with the dried granulation. Using a suitable tablet press, the granulation was compressed into a tablet having the specified weight. The active ingredient is present in the composition in an amount ranging from 5% to 60% w/w of the composition. The erodible composition is formed by the combination of a therapeutically active substance, a cellulose ether derivative and when desired, an erosion modifier such as lactose or Pluronic F-68. The cellulose ether derivative is present in the matrix in an amount ranging from 5% to 50% w/w. A preferred composition contains the cellulose ether derivative in an amount ranging from 10% to 25% w/w. Examples of the cellulose ether derivatives that can be suitably employed in accordance with this invention include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose or their mixtures. A most preferred erodible matrix is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a methoxy content of about 19-30% and hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0 and molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons. A 2% w/w polymer solution exhibits a gel point of 62°-90°C and a viscosity at 25°C ranging from 50 to 100 mPas (cps). The zero-order release drug delivery system of this invention is applicable to drugs selected from (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid, (+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[2-dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one, Cibenzoline Succinate, Flumazenil, 4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-1-[1-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)nonyl]piperidine, 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine and 5-[3-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]-2-propynyl]phenanthrydin-6(5H)-one. The evaluation of drug release from the erodible matrix was performed using the USP dissolution test procedure with either the Basket or Paddle Method at the speed as specified. The Basket and Paddle methods are described on page 1578 of U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) XXII & National Formulary (NF) XVII (The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, MD, 1990). Briefly, in both methods, one tablet is placed in the appropriate apparatus described below containing the specified amount of dissolution medium and the stirring element is started. The amount of drug in solution is determined by the UV spectrophotometric method as is known in the art. The assembly used in the Basket Method consists of the following: a covered vessel made of glass with nominal capacity 1000 ml; a motor; a metallic drive shaft; and a cylindrical basket. The vessel containing 900 ml of the specified dissolution medium (i.e., water, 1% nonionic surfactant Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 or 3% sodium lauryl sulfate, pH 9.0) is partially immersed in a suitable water bath and equilibrated at 37°±0.5°C. A fitted cover may be used to retard evaporation. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble. A speed-regulating device is used that allows the shaft rotation speed to be selected and maintained at the specified rate. The recommended basket speed is 100 rpm. The distance between the inside bottom of the vessel and the basket is maintained at 25±2 mm during the test. The assembly used in the Paddle method is the same as the apparatus used in the Basket Method, except that a paddle formed from a blade and a shaft is used as the stirring element. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel, and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble. The recommended speed of the paddle is 50 rpm. The distance of 25±2 mm between the blade and inside bottom of the vessel is maintained during the test. The dissolution medium was used as specified (i.e., 900 ml of simulated gastric fluid or 1% nonionic surfactant Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 at 37°C). The drug analysis was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The erosion profile of a tablet is determined by using USP Apparatus 1 (Basket Method). The procedure is similar to the method described above for evaluating drug release. The tablet is placed in the USP basket and immersed in 900 ml of purified water using a speed of 100 rpm. At a specified time interval, the basket with the remaining tablet is removed from the medium and the tablet is dried in an oven at 50°C for at least 18 hours and/or until a constant weight is obtained. The percent erosion is calculated based on the weight loss of the tablet. A schematic describing the release mechanism of the delivery system is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts the matrix having an outer hydrated layer which erodes and an inner core which is unchanged. In the compositions of the present invention, the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant. The drug release is controlled by a constant erosion volume of the matrix. The amount of drug released at time t (M t ) is described by the following equation: M t = V t C dV t /dt = k o where V t is the volume of the hydrated layer eroded at time t; C is the concentration of drug in the hydrated layer; and dV t /dt is the erosion rate (k o ) which is constant. The drug release rate, dM t /dt, is zero order when the drug concentration in the hydrated layer, C, remains constant. The dissolution or erosion of the matrix itself, following hydration of the HPMC, results in the release of the active ingredient dispersed in the matrix. As shown in Figures 2-7 and 9-16, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention produce zero order release profiles in the given dissolution medium. The use of a highly soluble drug such as chlorpheniramine maleate in a pharmaceutical composition with the polymer of the present invention does not produce a zero-order release profile in the dissolution medium as is shown in Figure 8 due to additional diffusion of the active substance. Figure 4 shows that the release rate of the therapeutically active agent from the pharmaceutical composition is closely correlated with the erosion rate of the composition. The controlled release (CR) matrix composition of this invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples. Example 1 Ingredients mg/tablet (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 100.0 Pluronic F68 100.0 Methocel K100LV 135.0 Hydrous Lactose 135.0 Povidone K30 28.5 Magnesium Stearate 1.5 The release profiles of 100 mg CR Tablets are shown in Figures 2 and 3. A comparison of the release and erosion profiles of (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 100 mg CR Tablets is shown in Figure 4. Example 2 Ingredients mg/tablet (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 100.0 Povidone K30 20.0 Methocel K100LV 31.2 Anhydrous Lactose 46.8 Magnesium Stearate 2.0 The release profile of (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 100 mg CR Tablets is shown in Figure 5. Example 3 Ingredients mg/tablet (+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one 54.0 Anhydrous Lactose 200.0 Methocel K100LV 125.0 Povidone K30 20.0 Magnesium Stearate 3.0 The release profile of (+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one 54 mg CR Tablets is shown in Figure 6. Example 4 Ingredients mg/tablet Cibenzoline Succinate 232.0 Methocel K100LV 200.0 Povidone K30 50.0 Stearic Acid 5.0 Syloid 244 5.0 Magnesium Stearate 10.0 The release profile of Cibenzoline Succinate CR Tablets is shown in Figure 7. Example 5 not falling within the scope of the invention Ingredients mg/tablet Chlorphenamine Maleate 54 Anhydrous Lactose 200 Methocel K100LV 125 Povidone K30 20 Magnesium Stearate 6 The release profile of the chlorphenamine maleate tablet is shown in Figure 8. Example 6 not falling within the scope of the invention Ingredients mg/tablet (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 300.0 Methocel K100LV 52.9 The release profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 9. Example 7 Ingredients mg/tablet (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 300 Klucel LF 18 Methocel K100LV 60 Anhydrous Lactose 216 Magnesium Stearate 6 The release profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 10. Example 8 Ingredients mg/tablet (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 300 Klucel LF 18 Methocel K100LV 30 Anhydrous Lactose 246 Magnesium Stearate 6 The release profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 11. Example 9 Ingredients mg/tablet (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 300 Methocel K100LV 90 Klucel LF 18 Lactose Anhydrous 186 Magnesium Stearate 6 The release profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 12. Example 10 Ingredients mg/tablet 4-(2,2-Diphenylethenyl)-1-[1-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)nonyl]piperidine, micronized 300 Klucel LF 18 Anhydrous Lactose 150 Methocel K100LV 126 Magnesium Stearate 6 The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 13. Example 11 Ingredients mg/tablet 7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine, micropulverized 300 Klucel LF 18 Anhydrous Lactose 150 Methocel K100LV 126 Magnesium Stearate 6 The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 14. Example 12 Ingredients mg/tablet 5-[3-[4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]-2-propynyl] phenanthrydin-6(5H)-one, micronized 75 Klucel LF 9 Anhydrous Lactose 113 Methocel K100LV 100 Magnesium Stearate 3 The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 15. Example 13 Ingredients mg/tablet Flumazenil 100 Methocel K100 LV 250 Anhydrous Lactose 60 Povidone K30 36 Magnesium Stearate 4 The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in Figure 16. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic depiction of the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention. Figure 2 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 ml of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 3 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 ml of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37°C using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm. Figure 4 shows the release and erosion profiles of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 ml of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 5 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 2 in 900 ml of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37°C using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm. Figure 6 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 3 in 900 ml of simulated gastric fluid at 37°C using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm. Figure 7 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 4 in 900 ml of water at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 8 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 5 in 900 ml of water at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 9 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 6 in 900 ml of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 10 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 7 in 900 ml of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 11 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 8 in 900 ml of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 12 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 9 in 900 ml of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 13 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 10 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 14 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 11 in 900 ml of water at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 15 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 12 in 900 ml of water at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm. Figure 16 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 13 in 900 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.

Claims: An erodible pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically active substance dispersed in a matrix, which matrix is shaped and compressed to a solid unit dosage form, which matrix is dissolved by erosion, following hydration of the outer hydrated layer of the matrix, whereby the rate of active substance released per time remains essentially constant throughout the life-span of the composition, characterized in that the erodible composition comprises between 5% to 60% w/w of a therapeutically active substance which has a solubility of not greater than 80 mg/ml in water at 25°C, selected from the group of (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid, (+)-cis-3-(acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5- [2-dimethylamino) ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one, Cibenzoline Succinate, Flumazenil, 4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-1-[1-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)nonyl]piperidine, 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine and 5- [3-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]diazepin-2-yl]-2-propynyl]phenanthrydin-6(5H)-one, and at least 5% up to 50% w/w of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, having a hydroxy propyl content of 7 - 12%, a methoxy content of 19 - 30%, a methoxy degree of substitution of 1.1 - 2.0% and a molecular weight of 20 000 - 26 000 daltons with a viscosity for a 2% w/w solution in the range of 50 to 100 mPas (cps) at 25 °C and the remainder of the erodible composition consisting of inert carriers. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is present in an amount between 10% to 25% w/w of the matrix. An erodible pharmaceutical composition, of any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein 10% up to 60% w/w of an erosion modifier is additionally present. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the erosion modifier is lactose. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the erosion modifier is a non-ionic surfactant.

Inventors: INFELD MARTIN HOWARD, MALICK A WASEEM, PHUAPRADIT WANTANEE, SHAH NAVNIT HARGOVINDAS, INFELD, MARTIN HOWARD, MALICK, A. WASEEM, PHUAPRADIT, WANTANEE, SHAH, NAVNIT HARGOVINDAS
Applicants: DOW CHEMICAL CO, THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61K9
IPC codes: A61K9, A61K47, A61K31