HSL NEIGHBORHOODS IN CMY COLOR SPACE

Abstract: A method for defining a three-dimensional neighborhood in a CMY color space. A CMY color space is provided having a gray line therein. The neighborhood is defined by defining boundaries thereof based on at least one correction H, S, L range with respect to the gray line. Changes within the neighborhood may be assigned weighting based on HSL positions of color points therein. With the invention, the hue, saturation, and luminance neighborhoods of a selected CMY color are determined directly from the original CMY image and CMY colors with respect to the gray line.

Description: HSL NEIGHBOURHOODS IN CMY COLOR SPACE RELATED APPLICATION This application is related to my co-pending application, international patent application, filed this same day, having our internal number 92/846 titled: "HSL corrections in CMY color space" BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to color manipulation for digital image processing in the prepress industry. An HSL (Hue, Saturation, Luminance) weighted mask can be used for any color manipulation, e.g. weighted color corrections, automatic silhouetting etc. Changes are executed only in the region of the mask. The results correspond to the human perception of color changes. As a result of attempts to introduce more intuitive color manipulation, a uniform HSL (or equivalent) neighborhood is created. This requires color space trans¬ lations and does not allow weighted color change distributions. The data inside the neighborhood is selected for further changes and the data outside of it is rejected. In this approach it is difficult to: 1) accomplish quality transitions between color spaces; 2) meet precision requirements; 3) achieve interactive performance; and 4) avoid the undesirable effects of binary weighting. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to accomplish quality transitions between color spaces and to provide hue, saturation, and luminance neighborhoods of a selected CMY color directly from the original CMY image and CMY colors. According to a method of the invention, a three dimensional neighborhood is de- fined in a CMY color space. The CMY color space has a gray line therein. The gray line is an absence of color but provides steadily increasing luminance therealong. The neighborhood is defined by defining boundaries thereof based on at least one of H, S, L correction ranges with respect to the gray line. Stated another way, the invention involves the following. The hue, saturation and luminance neighborhoods of a selected CMY color are determined directly from the original CMY image and CMY colors with respect to the gray line, rather than the color cube diagonal. The gray line extends nonlinearly throughout the CMY color space. A weighted mask representing the HSL distance from the selected color, within these combined neighborhoods, is then created. The HSL weighted mask is an arbitrary function of the HSL distance from the se- lected color. The mask is created within the combined hue, saturation and lumi¬ nance neighborhoods in one step without color space translations. All calculations are based on the original image and are performed on a pixel by pixel basis. An any color manipulation can be executed within the HSL weighted mask. With the invention when a neighborhood is defined, in one preferable weighting scheme, the amount of change tapers off as the outer boundaries of the geo¬ metrical neighborhood are approached. This results in a smoothing of the change so that the neighborhood blends in with the overall image without abrupt changes at the outer boundaries of the neighborhood. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an illustration of hue change in a CMY color space; Figure 2 is an illustration of saturation change in a CMY color space; Figure 3 is an illustration of luminance change in a CMY color space; Figure 4 is a three dimensional geometric illustration of the hue neighborhood in a CMY color space according to the invention; Figure 5 is a three dimensional geometric illustration of a saturation neighborhood in a CMY color space according to the invention; and Figure 6 is a three dimensional geometric illustration of a luminance neighborhood in a CMY color space according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As mentioned previously, the present application is related to my copending appli¬ cation titled "HSL CORRECTIONS IN CMY COLOR SPACE", incorporated herein by reference. Figure 4 of that earlier application corresponding to Figure 1 herein shows how a hue change is effected in a CMY color space 90 based on the gray line 120 (a gray line is the line which has the absence of color passing through the color space but does represent increasing luminance changes). Figure 5 in that earlier application, corresponding to Figure 2 in the present case shows saturation change with respect to the gray line 120, and Figure 6 in the earlier case corres¬ ponding to Figure 3 herein shows luminance change with respect to the gray line 120. The figures 4, 5, and 6 and description which follow here are an extension of that earlier case in which three dimensional patterns evolve from the planar geometries of Figures 1 , 2, and 3 herein. These geometries are hereafter known as HSL neighborhoods. Figure 4 in the present case shows a hue neighborhood based on the hue wedge shown in the luminance plane 100 as an arc segment in Figure 1. The luminance plane is perpendicular to the diagonal 110. Figure 5 is a saturation neighborhood based on the radial saturation change shown in the luminance plane 100 in Figure 2. Figure 6 is a luminance neighborhood based on the luminance line 130 shown in Figure 3 emanating from the end point 140 of the gray line 120. Steps of the process according to the invention will now be described in greater detail. The determination of HSL neighborhoods from CMY data can be deter¬ mined as follows. HUE NEIGHBORHOOD A hue neighborhood is determined directly from the CMY colors and is described in a CMY color space 10 as a nonlinear wedge 11 with the gray line 12 as its edge 13, as shown in Figure 4. A diagonal is also shown at 14. The input data consists of an image as an array of pixels, with the (CMY)originai color components specified for each pixel. For every pixel of the image, the following three steps are carried out: 1. The intersection of the color cube diagonal with a luminance plane perpen dicular to it is calculated as: D = 1/3 (Yoriginal + Moπginal + Co iginal ) 2. The cyan component of the gray line intersection with a luminance plane is calculated as the empirically established function of the intersection of the color. cube diagonal with the same plane: Cgray = f c (D) 3. The hue is calculated as: HUE = arctg X original IV oπgmal v ^V-'gray ^Ori inal' 4 SATURATION NEIGHBORHOOD As shown in Figure 5, a saturation neighborhood is determined directly from the CMY colors and is described in the CMY color space 10 as a nonlinear hollow cone 15 surrounding the gray line 12. The input data consists of an image as an array of pixels, with the (CMY) o ri g inai color components specified for each pixel. For every pixel of the image, the following four steps are carried out: 1. The intersection of the color cube diagonal with a luminance plane perpen¬ dicular to it is calculated as: d = 1 /3(Yoriginal + Morjginal + C 0 2. The luminance, measured along the gray line from the point of minimum luminance to a given color luminance plane, is calculated as the empirically established function of the color cube diagonal intersection with the same plane: LUM =f lum (D) 3. The intersection of the gray line with a luminance plane is calculated as the empirically established function of the color cube diagonal intersection with the same plane: Yyay = fy(D), Mgr ay = f M (D) and Cgray =f c (D) 4 . The saturation is calculated as: LUMINANCE NEIGHBORHOOD As shown in Figure 6, a luminance neighborhood is determined directly from the CMY colors and is described in the CMY color space 10 as a group of contiguous planes 16, perpendicular to the color cube diagonal 14. The HSL weighted mask is an arbitrary function of the HSL distance from the selected color . The input data consists of an image as an array of pixels, with the (CMY),,,^ color components specified for each pixel. 1. The intersection of the color cube diagonal with a luminance plane perpendicular to it is calculated as: D = 1 /3 (Yoriginal + origfoai + Coriglnai ) 2. The luminance, measured along the gray line from the point of minimum luminance to a given color luminance plane, is calculated as the empirically established function of the color cube diagonal intersection with the same plane: LUM = WD) HSL NEIGHBORHOOD WEIGHTED MASK The input data consists of an array of pixels, with the HUE, SAT, and LUM color components being specified for each pixel. The HSL weighted mask is the following arbitrary function: 0<d = f[HUE, SAT, LUM] ≤ 100% Although various minor changes and modifications might be proposed by those skilled in the art, it will be understood that I wish to include within the claims of the patent warranted hereon all such changes and modifications as reasonably come within my contribution to the art. SHEET RULE 26)

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method for defining a three-dimensional neighborhood in a CMY color space, comprising the steps of: providing a CMY color space having a gray line therein; and defining the neighborhood by defining boundaries thereof based on at least one H, S, and L correction range with respect to the gray line. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein a hue neighborhood is defined by a non-linear curved wedge having the gray line as an edge thereof so that the wedge follows the gray line. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein for defining a saturation neighborhood, a non-linear curved hollow cone which surrounds and follows the gray line with the gray line passing substantially through its center is provided. 4. A method according to claim 1 wherein a luminance neighborhood is defined as a group of contiguous luminance planes forming a curved cylinder which follows along its center the gray line. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein a weighting is assigned within the three-dimensional neighborhood based on an HSL position of a color point within the neighborhood. 6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the weighting smoothly decreases from an interior of the neighborhood to the outer boundaries thereof to provide a smooth transition from the neighborhood to the surrounding color space. 7. A method according to claim 5 wherein for the entire color image in the color space, checking each pixel thereof to determine whether it is inside or outside the three dimensional neighborhood, and if it is within the neighborhood, checking its position to determine appropriate weighting. 8. A method according to claim 1 wherein when defining the neighborhood by defining boundaries based on at least one of the H, S, and L correction ranges, defining a movement using the gray line as a point of reference. 9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said movement for hue is an arc segment of a circle lying in a luminance plane and having the gray line as its center as described in the CMY color space. 10. A method according to claim 8 wherein said movement for saturation is a movement along a radius of a circle lying in a luminance plane as described in said CMY color space. 11. A method according to claim 8 wherein said movement for luminance comprises a movement along the gray line as described in said CMY color space.

Inventors: DICHTER WILHELM, DICHTER, WILHELM
Applicants: HELL AG LINOTYPE, LINOTYPE-HELL AG
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H04N1
IPC codes: H04N1