OIL RECOVERY SYSTEMS

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering oil spilled upon a body of water. Oil accumulators (10) having numerous open-ended cells (20) entrain spilled oil upon the surfaces (24, 26, 32) of the cells (20) when partially submerged in an area where oil has been spilled upon water. The oil accumulators (10) are rotated so as to lift the oil entrained upon the cell surfaces (24, 26, 32) from the water. An oil remover (12) may have superheated steam nozzles (64) located immediately above the oil accumulator (10). When oil-bearing cells pass beneath the nozzles (64), superheated steam may warm and expel the oil from the cells (20). An oil collector (14) collects the oil removed by the oil remover (12) where gravity flow transports the oil to a storage reservoir.

Description: OIL RECOVERY SYSTEMS TECHNICAL FIELD The invention set forth herein relates to εpilled-oil recovery devices. More particularly, this invention relates to devices capable of recovering oil that has been spilled on water that collect the oil in preference to the water. BACKGROUND ART With the increased use of oil in modern industrial processes and manufactures, accidental oil spills have become more common. Frequently, such spills occur during the transport and shipping of oil when it is transferred from one container to another or when an oil container is ruptured for one reason or another. Oil tankers with oil-holding capacities of many thousands of barrels navigate the world's oceans to ship oil from oil-bearing regions to oil-consuming regions. Foul weather and navigational errors can sometimes cause these tankers to run aground and rupture, forcing them to spill some or all of their contents. Offshore oil rigs sometimes suffer damage or blowouts that can cause oil to spill upon the ocean's surface. Other circumstances may occur where oil is spilled in significant or large quantities upon oceans, lakes, rivers, or streams. When oil is spilled, it presents significant ecological problems to the environment in which it is spilled. Crude oil is toxic and adversely affects the life processes of most creatures and plants. Crude oil also contains several fractions, some of which are volatile and evaporate soon after exposure to the air. Others of these fractions are less volatile and form dense, thick globules or mats that may linger for several months, even years. Due to the toxic nature of spilled oil, and due to the ecological consequences of such spilled oil, significant interest has arisen over the past several years in search of methods to recover such spilled oil . Such interest is reflected in the following patents: Patent Number Inventor Date Issued 5,169,519 Elsas 08 Dec. 92 5,137,630 Eklund 11 Aug. 92 5,089,121 McWhinnie 18 Feb. 92 5,051,181 Sandkvist 24 Sep. 91 5,043,064 Abell et al 27 Aug. 91 5,028,325 Hamilton 02 Jul. 91 4,834,880 Lundin 30 May 89 4,485,013 Cockman 27 Nov. 84 4,360,430 Ellis 23 Nov. 82 4,336,137 Byers 22 Jun. 82 4,316,806 Canevari 23 Feb. 82 4, 105,554 Janson 08 Aug. 78 3,904,528 Yocum 09 Sep. 75 While these patents reflect some of the interest that has been shown in the development of the εpilled-oil recovery art, the means by which they accomplish this task varies significantly. Some use mops or the like by which the oil is wicked out of the water. Others use conveyors that engage the oil to remove it from the water. Such conveyors often require scraping or the like once the oil has been engaged by the conveyor. Still others use chemical means that may allow for easier engagement or recovery of the spilled oil. However, such chemical means of oil recovery may impart to the water and local environment additional chemical contaminants that may not be welcome and might be toxic. While the background art indicated above may have some virtues not present in the present invention, generally they rely upon complicated machinery requiring several components subject to easy wear and deterioration. Mops gradually become less effective as their use continues. Conveyors requiring bristles or fingers that are scraped will require replacement after continued use as well. With chemical recovery systems, the chemicals used t recover the spilled oil is naturally dissipated and dispersed ove time, requiring replenishment on an ongoing basis. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION The present invention addresses these deficiencies whil providing efficient means by which spilled oil can be mor conveniently and quickly recovered. Using the adhesive affinit oil has for oleophilic surfaces, the present invention allows th physical separation of spilled oil from water. Upon separation, the oil is then collected for storage and is available for transport, refining, or other related uses. In the present invention, an oil accumulator is provided that serves to engage the floating oil. Generally, the oil accumulator has a honeycomb structure provided by a plurality of open cells or tubes. The surfaces of the open cells are oleophilic and collect the oil by adhesion. Oil adheres to the surfaces of the cells while water does not. When the cells are lifted from the water, oil entrained upon the cell surfaces is selectively separated from the water. If the oil entrained upon the cell surfaces was left upon them, the capacity of the oil accumulator would be minimal and saturation of the oil accumulator would quickly occur. To enhance the operation of the oil accumulator so that it can continuously collect and separate oil from water, the oil entrained by the cells is removed from the oil accumulator by an oil remover operatively associated with the oil accumulator. Generally, the oil remover frees or expels the oil entrained upon the oleophilic surfaces of the oil accumulator cells. The cells are then free to collect more floating oil, which is then removed by the oil remover. As currently contemplated, such oil removing means includes the use of steam that, when applied to the oil entrained by the cells, heats the oil so that it flows as by gravity from the oleophilic cell surfaces. Compressed air may also be used to expel the entrained oil. The oil removed by the oil remover is intended to flow from the cells so that it may be collected and stored. To collect the entrained oil once it has been removed from the cells, an oil collector is cooperatively associated with the oil accumulator. The oil collector prevents the removed oil from flowing back into the water and can advantageously provide means by which such collected oil may be delivered for storage. As such, the oil collector is placed so that the removed oil flowing from the oleophilic cell surfaces naturally flows to the oil collector. While the oleophilic cells of the oil accumulator return to accumulate more oil, the oil deposited in the oil collector may be drained off for storage and possible future use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a side plan view of the present invention in a series of oil accumulators in use to collect spilled oil, steam nozzles forcing oil collected by the cells into a collection trough. Figure 2 shows a front plan view of the oil accumulator of the present invention. Removable blocks of tubing are shown supported in a hollow cylinder. Figure 3 shows a plan view of individual tubes connected ^ in a manner used to construct a removable block of tubing. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a honeycomb structure that may be used to construct a removable block of tubing. Figure 5 shows a side plan view of a cylindrical oil accumulator using removable blocks of tubing as shown in Figures 2 - 4. Also shown are steam nozzles, the collection trough, mounting and driving gears. Figure 5a shows a schematic and diagrammatic representation of a support mechanism for use with driving the accumulator 10. Figure 6 shows a top plan view of a catamaran oil collection vessel using a series of oil accumulators as shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 shows a series of oil accumulators lifted from the water so that no oil is accumulated. Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a preferred oil collector of the present invention having perforated baffles. Figure 9 shows a rectangular bank of cells that may be dipped into an oil slick to remove the oil there. Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a catamaran vessel of the present invention collecting oil without oil booms. Figure 11 shows in perspective an oil accumulator of the present invention, showing some internal structure thereof with the oil collector and oil remover absent. Figure 12 shows a side elevational view of three oil accumulators in operation, similar to that shown in Figure 1. Figure 13 shows an embodiment of a supporting structure for the oil accumulator of the present invention. The oil accumulator is shown in phantom. Figure 14 shows a front elevational view of the oil accumulator and accumulator support with the oil collecting attachment to an oil reservoir. A cutaway view is shown of the interior of the oil accumulator with its oil collector. Figure 15 shows a side elevational view of the oil accumulator and support as also shown in Figures 13 and 14. MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention may be used under a variety of circumstances to collect and remove oil that has been spilled upon a body of water. The body of water may be an ocean, lake, or river, yet within the current contemplation of the present invention, such spilled oil may be usefully, efficiently, and cleanly removed. As shown generally in Figures 1 and 12, the present invention uses an oil accumulator 10 to gather and separate oil 0 from the surface of the water W. The oil accumulator 10 entrains oil upon oleophilic surfaces present within the oil accumulator 10. After oil has been entrained by the oil accumulator 10, an oil remover 12 removes the entrained oil from the oil accumulator 10. Before the removed oil can return to the water, an oil collector 14 catches the removed oil and transports it away from the collecting site for storage or other appropriate disposal. An ongoing oil recovery system is established by the present invention as once the entrained oil has been removed from the oil accumulator 10, the oleophilic surfaces may return to gather and separate more oil 0 from the water W. As shown in Figure 2, the present invention uses a series of removable blocks 16 about the circumference of a hollow cylinder 18. The hollow cylinder 18 acts as a cage to support the removable blocks 16. The removable blocks 16 are completely filled with s hollow cells 20 that provide the removable blocks 16 with lightweight means by which oil may be removed from the water. Figures 3 and 4 show two alternative methods by which the hollow cells 20 may be constructed. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, cylindrical tubes 22 may be welded, brazed, or bonded o together for structural integrity and strength. Such tubes 22 are preferably bonded together equally along their lengths so that the open ends of the tubes 22 are even with one another. Furthermore, and as shown in Figure 3, the tubes 22 may be connected to one another to maximize the available surface area. When so maximized, s the available surface area provided by the tubes 22 includes not only the interior surface area 24, but also as much external surface area 26 as can be provided. By maximizing the available surface area of the tubes 22, more oil can be collected by the accumulator 10. 0 By attaching or connecting the cylindrical tubes 22 to one another, handling of such attached tubes 16 may also be easier. Such cylindrical tubes 22 may have thin walls so that more tubes 22 may be carried by a removable block 16. When cylindrical tubes 22 are bonded together, a rigid structure is provided that may not 25 only entrain oil upon its exposed surfaces, but may also provide structural support and rigidity for the oil accumulator 10. Alternatively, a honeycomb structure 28 may be substituted for the cylindrical tubes of Figure 3. As shown in Figure 4, a honeycomb structure 28 having a number of individual cells 30 can provide surfaces 32 upon which oil may be entrained, s Unlike the cylindrical tubes 22, no interior or exterior surface difference is established by the honeycomb structure 28. Generally, each surface 32 of the honeycomb structure 28 can be considered as an interior cell surface, save the surfaces 34 about the perimeter of the honeycomb structure 28. o As contemplated, the honeycomb structure 28 may be marine grade aluminum or stainless steel with a honeycomb core cell width dimension range of one-eighth inch (1/8", 0.31 cm) to one inch (1", 2.54 cm) . The size of the cell 30 (or cylindrical tube 22) is selected according to the oil to be recovered. A larger tube width s is used for thicker oil while a smaller tube width is used for thinner oil. The marine grade aluminum honeycomb core can be commercially obtained in a volume that is approximately three feet (3', 91.44 cm) deep by four feet (4', 121.92 cm) wide by eight feet long (8', 243.84 cm) . Typical weight densities for honeycomb core 0 range from ten pounds per cubic foot (36.37 kilograms per cubic meter) to two pounds per cubic foot (7.27 kilograms per cubic meter) . Similar materials may be available for the cylindrical tubes 22. The removable blocks 16 fit within the hollow cylinder 18 25 in a manner allowing for the easy replacement of one removable block by another. One means by which such replacement may be accomplished is by providing a framework 36 within the hollow cylinder 18. The removable blocks 16 are most easily accessible from the exterior of the hollow cylinder 18 and so are most easily replaced from there. The framework 36 defines a number of cages 38 in which the removable blocks 16 are held. The cages 38 are defined by radial trusses 40 that define and encircle the hollow cylinder 18 and transverse supports 42 that run lengthwise along the exterior of the hollow cylinder 18. The radial trusses 40 are engaged in a spaced apart relation that allows room and preferably maximum exposure for the removable blocks 16. The radial trusses 40 provide support for the removable blocks 16 and so must be sturdy to ensure that the removable blocks 16 are securely held. The same is similarly true for the transverse supports 42. The ends of the hollow cylinder 18 may serve to secure it as a whole. As the radial trusses 40 and the transverse supports 42 may span the depth of the cells 20 or tubes 22, an inner ring or rings 44 may secure the radially inner portions of the trusses 40 and supports 42. Similarly, an outer ring or rings 46 may be used to secure the radially outer portions of the trusses 40 and supports 42. When the trusses 40 and supports 42 are attached or connected to one another, and when the ends of the hollow cylinder 18 are secured, the removable blocks 16 are supported by the stable structure of the hollow cylinder 18 in which they may reside when the oil accumulator 10 is used. Various means may be used in order to allow the easy insertion and removal of the removable blocks within the cages 38. Flanges (not shown) may be used to entrap the removable blocks 16 within the cages 38. Such flanges may be hingeably attached to the radial trusses 40, the transverse supports 42, or both. The flanges would preferably lock down closely to the framework 36 to minimize any interference by the flanges with the surrounding area. Such interference could detract from and prevent optimum operation by the oil accumulator 10. Installation of a removable block 16 would begin with the release of the flange locks and the opening of the flanges. Should a second removable block already occupy the space for the first removable block 16, that second removable block would be removed from the cage 38 by pulling it free of the cage 38. The first removable block would then be inserted into the cage 38. Stops at the back of the cage 38 can be used to prevent the continued travel of the removable block 16 through the cage 38. Such stops may also work in cooperative manner with the lockable flanges in order to secure the removable block 16 within the cage 38. The stops and flanges may slightly compress the removable block 16 between them so that the removable block 16 is firmly and snugly held by the hollow cylinder 18. Alternative means may also be used to secure the removable blocks 16 within the cages 38. The removable blocks 16 may be directly secured in a detachable manner to the framework 38. Slots, grooves, or other apertures may be provided in either the removable block 16 or the framework 38. Conversely, lockable pins or other sliding or moving structures may be present in either the framework 38 or the removable block 16. In a cooperating manner, an aperture of one structure would correspond to a pin in the other, with the pins fitting into the apertures. In this way, the removable block 16 could be secured to the framework 38 when in use, yet readily retrievable and removable. The oil accumulator 10 is constructed in a cylindrical fashion so that it may be turned along its major axis. In order to drive the oil accumulator 10 in such a manner, the outer ring 46 may have attached to it a ring gear 48. The ring gear 48 allows the oil accumulator 10 to be driven as by a motor. See Figures 13 - 15. The driving gear 50 may have a diameter much smaller than the ring gear 48 to reduce the angular speed of the oil accumulator 10 and to provide mechanical advantage for the driving gear 50 over the ring gear 48 and the oil accumulator 10. By varying the rotation speed of the driving gear 50, the rotation speed of the oil accumulator 10 may be controlled. Figure 11 also shows the oil accumulator 10 in perspective. The oil accumulator has a ring gear 48 at its far end and defines the hollow cylinder 18 by its radial trusses 40 and the transverse supports 42. There are a multitude of honeycomb core or tubing cells in removable cartridges, fitting between the trusses 40 and the supports 42. Oil accumulator 10 in Figure 11 is shown without oil collector 14 and oil remover 12. In order to efficiently collect oil that has been spilled, the oil collector 10 is turned about its major axis at the surface of the water where the spilled oil is located. In one embodiment of the present invention, such as that shown in Figure 10, a catamaran may be used. When used in conjunction with such a catamaran, the oil accumulator 10 is placed between the two hulls, s As the catamaran travels through the water, the oil accumulator 10 is turned by the driving gear 50. It is more advantageous to provide means by which oil accumulators 10 may be removably fitted to such a catamaran, yet also be freely turnable so that a minimum of resistance may be o encountered by the driving gear 50. As is explained in greater detail below, an oil collector 14 centrally rests within the hollow core of the oil accumulator 10. The presence of the oil collector 14 prevents the use of central axle by which the oil accumulator 10 may be supported and upon which the oil accumulator 10 may be s turned. In contemplated embodiments of the present invention, the oil accumulator 10 may be held between the catamaran hulls by compression, as by a x-eleaεable clamp (such as that shown in Figures 5a) , or by a supporting structure (such aε that εhown in Figures 13 - 15) . For the releaεable clamp embodiment, bearing 20 εurfaceε at the oppoεed ends of the clamp allow the oil accumulator 10 to turn. Aε shown in Figure 6, series of oil accumulators 10 may be positioned in tandem so that oil and water flowing under them may be subject to oil accumulation several times. Each of these 25 oil accumulators 10 is removably attached to the catamaran between the hulls. In order to so make the oil accumulators removably attachable, the inner sides of the hulls may be fitted with movable clamp or vise structures that not only allow the oil accumulators to be removably attached to the catamaran, but also allow the oil accumulators 10 to be raised and lowered in the water. s Referring to Figure 5a, the accumulator vises 52 have two corresponding parts: a fixed jaw 54 and a movable jaw 56. The fixed jaw 54 of an accumulator vise 52 may be fixed to its support while the movable jaw 56 may swing away from the support to which the movable jaw 56 may be hingeably attached. When the movable jaw o 56 swings away from the fixed jaw 54, a greater amount of space is provided between the two jaws. This space between the two jaws is ample enough for an oil accumulator 10 to be placed between the two jaws. However, when the movable jaw 56 is swung back into position, the space between the two jaws is just slightly smaller s than the width of the oil accumulator 10. In this way, the oil accumulator 10 may be snugly engaged and securely held between the two jawε. Fixed to the two jawε 54, 56 between the oil accumulator 10 and each of the reεpective jaw 54, 56, are circular bearingε 58 20 having a fixed base plate 60 and a freely turning circular plate 62. The circular plates 62 are free to turn as they ride upon ball bearings or other suitable means. The ball bearings are kept in place aε they are sandwiched between the circular bearing plates 62 and the base plates 60. The base plates 60 are secured to their 25 respective jaws 54, 56. The circular bearing plates 62 correspond closely, if not exactly, to the circular end portions of the oil accumulator 10. Gaskets may be used between the oil accumulator 10 and the circular bearing plates 62 to ensure a εnug and secure frictional attachment between the oil accumulator 10 and the circular bearing plates 62. When the movable jaw 56 is swung to one side, the oil accumulator 10 may be positioned (aε by a crane or other piece of heavy lifting equipment) so that one end iε adjacent to the fixed jaw 54. With the major axiε of the oil accumulator 10 perpendicular to the fixed jaw 54 and itε correεponding catamaran hull, the movable jaw 56 iε εwung back to engage the other end of the oil accumulator 10. The major axiε of the oil accumulator 10 iε poεitioned between the two circular bearingε 58. and iε preferably exactly coincident with the centers upon which the two circular bearings 58 turn. Once so positioned, the oil accumulator 10 is fixed between the fixed jaw 54 and the moving jaw 56 of the accumulator vise 52 when the movable jaw 56 iε moved back into positioned and locked into place. The oil accumulator 10 iε then free to turn upon the circular bearingε 58. Upon itε fixation between the two jawε 54, 56, the oil accumulator 10 may be coupled o to a driving motor by the driving gear 50 so that the rate of rotation of the oil accumulator 10 may be automatically controlled. The εupportε to which the jawε of the accumulator vise 52 are fixed may be vertically operable so that the oil accumulator 10 may be moved up or down with reεpect to the εurface of the water 5 below the catamaran, and with respect to the hulls of the catamaran. Hydraulic cylinders with piston arms may be used to raise and lower the vises 52 with their oil accumulators 10. If hydraulic cylinders are so used, the movement of corresponding piston arms should be coordinated so that the centers of turning always correspond to the major axiε of the oil accumulator 10. However, if the circular bearingε 58 are allowed to swivel or pivot upon their jawε, εuch correεpondence may not be neceεsary and a degree of attitudinal freedom may be provided for the oil accumulator 10 so that it may addreεε the water'ε εurface with its major axiε at an angle to the water. Hydraulic or other adjustable support εtructureε may alεo provide additional degreeε of freedom for the oil accumulator 10, providing a wide range of adjuεtable poεitions at which the oil accumulator 10 may address the surface of the water. In an alternative embodiment to the circular bearing 58 and the accumulator vise 52, sets of mounting wheels may be used to support and secure the oil accumulator 10 that may also be used to drive the oil accumulator 10. Such setε of mounting wheelε may be preεent on oppoεite interior εideε of the catamaran hulls or from a support structure located above the accumulator 10. The opposite endε of the oil accumulator 10 would then be rotatably held in place by εuch mounting wheelε located at each side. To allow removal of the oil accumulator 10, a pair of mounting wheelε oppoεitely oppoεed on opposite catamaran hulls may swing out. The oil accumulator 10 may then be removed from between the catamaran hulls, posεibly replaced by another oil accumulator. Such mounting wheels may allow the oil accumulator 10 to be supported from above. Figure 13 iε a side perεpective view of an oil accumulator support structure, the oil accumulator 10 being shown in phantom. As seen in Figure 13, the oil accumulator 10 may be supported by an overhead support structure 72. The overhead support εtructure 72 haε an overhead tranεverεe portion 74 εpanning the length of the oil accumulator 10. In one embodiment, the overhead tranεverεe portion 74 may provide εpace within which a motor 76 and an accompanying gearbox 78 may be held. At either end of the overhead transverεe portion 74 are two downwardly extending arms 80a and 80b that serve to hold the oil accumulator 10 in place. Each downwardly extending arm 80a and 80b has a triangular portion at its furthermost end that is generally equidistant vertices at the perimeter of the ends of the hollow cylinder 18 of the oil accumulator 10. Paεsing centrally or generally centrally through the aperture defined by the triangular portions 82a, are the connecting hoses 84a, which connect the central pipe 68 for the oil collector 14 to the oil storage reservoirs 86. The overhead transverεe portionε 74 of the overhead εupport εtructure 72 may be εupported from above aε εeen in Figure 10. Hydraulic or other control mechaniεmε inside the overhead housing H may allow the oil accumulator 10 to raise and lower aε is preferred during the time of operation. Also, it may be advantageouε for the pilot houεe of the veεεel to be in the εame εtructure aε the housing H. As shown in Figure 14, a level adjustor 88 may be attached to the overhead tranεverse portion 74 to control the height of the oil accumulator 10. The angular portionε 82a, of the downwardly extending armε 80a,b have gears or wheelε at their vertices. Gears are uεed to engage the ring gear 48 of the oil accumulator 10. Such gearε include the driving gear 50. It iε εeen that only one driving gear 50 is needed as long as friction is no great hindrance to the turning operation of the oil accumulator 10. As only one driving gear 50 is needed, the side of the oil accumulator 10 oppoεite the ring gear 48 needε only to have a flange 90 enabling that εide of the oil accumulator 10 to be εupported by εupport wheels 92a, 92b, and 92c located at the vertices of the angular portion 82a. Flange 90 sits between and is entrapped by the support wheelε 92a,b,c εo that the end of the oil accumulator 10 is εupported while in uεe and iε able to freely turn. Similarly, for the oppoεite end of the oil accumulator 10, the ring gear 48 iε held between and entrapped by three gears, two of which 94a and 94b, provide support for the ring gear 48 and that side of the oil accumulator 10. As with the εupport wheels 92a,b,c, the support gears 94a, are able to freely turn thereby allowing the oil accumulator 10 to freely turn as well. The driving gear 50 serves as the third support gear to entrap the ring gear 48 between the driving gear 50 and the two support gears 94a,b. At the top of the triangle 82b is the driving gear 50 which controls the turning of the oil accumulator 10. As shown in Figures 13, 14, and 15, the driving gear 50 is axially attached to a pulley 96 by an axle 98. The axle 98 paεεeε perpendicularly through and is able to freely turn within the downwardly extending arm 80b. By turning the pulley 96, the driving gear 50 also turns and engages the ring gear 48 to drive the oil accumulator 10. A motor 76 is used to provide power to the pulley 98. The motor 76 iε controlled remotely from the pilot house or other area on the veεεel. The motor 76 haε εufficient power to drive the aεεociated oil accumulator 10. The gear box 78 intermediateε the power provided by the motor 76 and a εecond pulley 100. Axleε are used to transmit the power from motor 76 to the gear box 78 and on to the pulley 100. The pulley 100 iε parallel and coplanar with the drive gear pulley 96, allowing a belt, chain or other member 102 to transmit the turning of the pulley 100 to the pulley 96. When the driving gear 50 is connected to the motor 76 through the gear box 78, pulleyε 96 and 100 and the belt/chain 102, the motor 76 has control over and provides power for the oil accumulator 10. Preferably, the cell surfaceε 24, 26, 32 of the removable blockε 16 are oleophilic so that they will attract oil preferentially to water. Furthermore, more advantage to the present invention iε provided when the cell surfaceε are hydrophobic, or water-repelling. With oleophilic and hydrophobic cell εurfaces, oil is preferentially selected by the cell surfaceε while water iε preferentially rejected. When the oil accumulator 10 is rotated to engage the surface of the water, any oil floating upon the water will be attracted and will cling to the oleophilic cell surfaces. The water will not cling to the cell εurfaces and as the oil accumulator 10 iε rotated through the water, oil will be lifted and removed from the water by the oil accumulator 10. In order to continuouεly remove oil from the water, it iε necessary to remove the oil entrained upon the oleophilic cell s surfaceε 24, 26, 32 εo that oil-free cell εurfaces may be continuouεly rotated through the oil εlick. In thiε way, the amount of oil preεent upon the water iε continuously reduced until all of the recoverable oil iε removed. An oil remover 12 iε poεitioned above the oil accumulator o 10. The oil remover 12 may take εeveral formε, including the use of compresεed air, but the uεe of dry or superheated steam forcefully driven over the oil-bearing cells iε seen as providing an excellent means by which oil can be removed from the cells. Steam nozzleε 64 are positioned and contoured above the rotating s oil accumulator 10. Oil-bearing cells 20 are continuouεly poεitioned under the nozzleε 64 in close proximity to them. High presεure, εuperheated εteam (preferably available from an onboard boiler) iε forcefully ejected from the nozzleε 64 towardε the adjacent oil-bearing cellε 20. 0 The εteam iε preferably εo hot that no condenεation occurs as it transfers some of its heat to the oil entrained upon the cells. Thiε preventε water from the εteam mixing with the oil entrained upon the cellε 20. It iε alεo preferable that the cell εurfaceε become leεs oleophilic with increased temperature. Aε 2s most bodies of water are generally cool, increased oleophilicity with lower temperatures would allow the cellε 20 to collect more oil when in the water while decreased oleophilicity with higher temperatures would allow the cellε 20 to releaεe more oil when εubject to the εteam bath. When the εuperheated εteam iε forced over the oil-bearing cellε 20, some of the heat present in the εteam is transferred to the entrained oil and the cells 20. As the oil warms, it becomes thinner and lesε viεcouε. The warmed oil will tend to flow downwardε toward the center of the oil accumulator 10. Thiε downward flow iε enhanced by the force of the εteam. The oil previouεly entrained upon the oleophilic cellε 20 of the oil accumulator 10 flowε from the cell εurfaces 24, 26, 32 into the hollow center of the oil accumulator 10. The cells 20 are freed f om the accumulated oil and are available to entrain more oil upon their surfaceε as the oil accumulator 10 rotateε through the water. Aε the oil accumulated by the cellε 20 is removed by the oil remover 12, it would naturally tend to flow back into the water, thwarting the efforts made to remove the oil from the water. In order to collect the oil removed from the cells 20, an oil collector 14 is uεed to collect the accumulated oil. Preferably, no oil returnε to the water once accumulated by the oil accumulator 10. The oil collector 14 takeε the oil removed by the oil remover 12 and transports it away from the hollow interior of the oil accumulator 10. An oil storage reservoir 86 such aε that shown in Figure 14 may be used to εtore and tranεport the recovered oil. s Preferably, the oil collector 14 is a baffled trough that drains into one or both hulls. The oil collector 14 is sloped so that the warmed oil will flow into a reservoir for storage and easy future recovery. Aε shown in crosε εection in Figure 5, the oil collector 14 may have a εerieε of baffleε 66 that prevent oil from εloεhing and εplaεhing within the oil collector 14. A central pipe 68 may run the length of the oil collector 14 along itε lower and centralmoεt portion. The central pipe 68 iε perforated εo that oil may εeep in and flow to the nearest reservoir. The central pipe forms a clear channel for the collected oil εo that it may flow more easily to its reεervoir without diεturbance from the oil currently being removed from the cellε 20 above. The oil collector 14 may be coupled to the oil accumulator 10 in a number of wayε. Generally, it is convenient if the oil collector 14 remains with the oil accumulator 10. Sliding or wheeled supportε or εtrutε can εerve to poεition and εecure the oil collector 14 within the confineε of the hollow interior of the oil accumulator 10. When the oil accumulator 10 iε fixed between the hullε of the catamaran, a bridge or other joining εurface may be used to bring the oil flow from the oil collector through an aperture above the waterline of the catamaran hull. The collected oil may then be directed into a reservoir present within the catamaran hull. Having set forth the construction and operation of the oil accumulator 10, the oil remover 12, and the oil collector 14, description iε now made of a water borne veεεel with two catamaran hullε implementing the present invention. When oil haε been εpilled upon an ocean, lake, river, or stream, the preεent invention may be uεed to collect the oil εo that damage to that local environment may be minimized and εo that the εpilled oil may be put to εome good uεe rather than abandoned and wasted. As shown in Figures 6 and 10, a water-going vessel in the style of a catamaran can carry a serieε of oil accumulatorε 10 in tandem. When oil accumulatorε 10 are placed in εerieε, it may be advantageouε to decreaεe the εize of the hollow cellε 20 in succeeding oil accumulatorε 10. For example, a larger diameter hollow cell size may be used for the first oil accumulator 10. A medium diameter hollow cellε size may be used for the second oil accumulator 10. A εmaller diameter hollow cell εize may be uεed for the third oil accumulator 10. When thiε arrangement of descending cell diameter iε implemented, thicker and more viscous oil will be entrained upon the cell surfaces of the first oil accumulator 10. Somewhat thinner and less viscous oil will be entrained upon the cell surfaceε of the εecond oil accumulator 10. The thinneεt and leaεt viεcouε oil will be entrained upon the cell surfaces of the third oil accumulator 10. One advantage to using the hollow cells 20 in the oil accumulatorε 10 iε that traεh, debris, and other flotsam and jetεa will not interfere with the εmooth operation of the oil accumulatorε 10. The εize of the hollow cellε 20 are εufficiently small so that driftwood and other floating debris will not become entrained in the hollow cellε 20. Inεtead, as the oil is pushed by the water into the cells 20, the debris will εimply be forced under the oil accumulator 10 and paεsed downstream. Should it be advantageouε to collect εuch debriε, a debriε collector can be located at the stern of the boat so that the debriε may be collected where there iε a minimum of oil, if any. s The catamaran provideε the propulεion and power for itεelf and for the oil accumulatorε 10. Oil booms 68 may precede the catamaran at an outward angle that directs a larger area of the oil εlick to the oil accumulators 10 than iε preεent merely between the two catamaran hullε. o The εpeed of the catamaran through the water, aε well aε the rate of rotation of the oil accumulatorε through the water, iε varied according to the εeverity and type of the oil εpill. Preferably, no oil passes by the last oil accumulator 10 and only oil-free water iε preεent at the εtern of the catamaran. To s achieve such oil-free water, the depth to which the oil accumulators 10 are εubmerged in the water and the εpeed at which they rotate through the water εhould be adjusted for maximum oil accumulation. It is contemplated that the accumulation of the spilled oil occurs below the waterline where turbulence and wave 0 action are at a minimum. The optimum depth to which the oil accumulatorε 10 are submerged below the εurface should take this feature of oil accumulation into account. When the oil accumulator 10 rotates through the water, it initially presεeε down upon the oil εlick and the water below it. 2s Aε the cellε 20 are εubmerged, the water beneath the oil tendε to puεh it into the cellε 20. The oil iε then entrained upon the oleophilic cell εurfaceε 24, 26, 32. The accumulated and entrained oil iε then εeparated from the water aε the oil accumulator 10 turnε and lifts the oil-bearing cell εurfaceε above the water. When the oil-laden cells 20 reach the oil remover 12, the oil coating the cell surfaceε 24, 25, 32 iε heated and driven into the oil collector 14. The oil collector drains the oil it collects into reservoirs located in the catamaran hullε. The catamaran may continuouεly accumulate and collect oil until itε reεervoirε are full. At that point, the catamaran may return to εhore or a larger floating container veεεel to empty itε reservoirs. With emptied reservoirε, the catamaran may return to the oil slick to collect more oil. When the catamaran is completely finished collecting oil, the oil accumulatorε 10 may be lifted from the water as εhown in Figure 7. If the oil accumulatorε 10 are forced to rotate when they are lifted from the water, they may be cleaned by the oil removerε 12 εo that any reεidual oil may be collected and εtored. Such cleaning may alεo diminiεh any εalt water that may cling to the oil accumulators 10, should they be used in the ocean. The oil accumulator 10 with the oil remover 12 and the oil collector 14 may be uεed in a continuouε manner in a permanent inεtallation, if deεired. Should there be a need to continuously purge outflow or discharge from, for example, an industrial complex, the oil recovery system of the present invention may be advantageously used to continuously scrub the water of oil and other non-polar materials present in the water. Instead of using the catamaran aε εet forth above, a permanent inεtallation of one or εeveral oil accumulatorε 10 and related εtructureε can be placed where needed. Aε oil and other materialε are accumulated from the water, reεervoirs may temporarily εtore collected oil for later uεe and/or diεpoεal. In an alternative embodiment of the preεent invention, a rectangular bank of hollow cellε may be uεed to collect εpilled oil. Aε εhown in Figure 9, a bank of hollow cellε may be dipped into the water where the oil haε εpilled. Uεing the εame principles aε for the oil accumulator 10, the rectangular bank entrainε oil upon the εurfaceε of itε hollow cells. A crane, to which the rectangular bank is attached, can be uεed to hoiεt the bank from the oil εlick. Oil removing and collecting meanε can be provided adjacent to the crane εo that the oil may be removed from the cell εurfaceε of the rectangular bank. A barge may be uεed to εupport all theεe related εtructureε. Once freed from the entrained oil, the rectangular bank may be dipped again into the oil εlick to recover more oil. The εtructure εet forth for the oil accumulator 10 may alεo be advantageouεly uεed to cool or aerate water flowing paεt it. When uεed to cool water, pontoonε or the like may be mounted near the mouth of a cooling water outlet εuch aε thoεe preεent with induεtrial plants. The flow of the water itself may be adequate to turn the cylinder. The oleophilic cell surfaceε of the hollow cellε 20 would be advantageously replaced with hydrophilic cell εurfaces so that water would cling to the cell εurfaces. As the accumulator 10 turned, water clinging to the hydrophilic cell εurfaceε would be carried to the top of the rotating cylinder. The water on the cell εurfaces would then flow out of the cellε through gravity and caεcade down. Aε it flowed down, the water would cool s in a manner similar to that in a cooling tower. Likewise, when uεed to aerate water flowing paεt it, the accumulator 10 could expoεe water entrained upon the cell surfaces to the air. Gas exchange could then take place between the water and the air, allowing the water to releaεe any excess gases and to o take on additional oxygen. While the present invention has been described with regards to particular embodiments, it is recognized that additional variations of the present invention may be devised without departing from the inventive concept. 5 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY From the description made above, it can be seen that the preεent invention may be applied industrially in the recovery of spilled oil. Recovering the spilled oil provides a cleaner 2o environment and the ability to use the recovered oil in appropriate induεtrial or refining proceεεeε. It iε an object of the preεent invention to provide εuch induεtrially-applicable oil recovery meanε. It iε another object of the preεent invention to provide 2s continuouε oil recovery meanε. It iε yet another object of the preεent invention to provide εpilled-oil recovery meanε that may be uεed in a variety of water environments, including oceans, lakes, riverε, and εtreamε.

Claims: What iε claimed is: 1. A device for εeparating oil from water, comprising: 2 an oil accumulator (10) , said oil accumulator (10) having a plurality of open cells- (20) the plurality of which define a large * εurface area for itε configuration, each of εaid cellε having an oleophilic surface to which oil clings and water does not, εaid oil βaccumulator (10) being adapted for contact with oil and water in order to entrain and εeparate εaid oil from εaid water; s an oil remover meanε (12) , εaid oil remover meanε (12) being operatively aεεociated with εaid oil accumulator (10) when oil ιoaccumulated by εaid oil accumulator is to be removed, said oil remover meanε (12) removing oil from εaid oil accumulator (10) ; and i2 an oil collector (14) , said oil collector (14) cooperatively asεociated with said oil accumulator (10) when oil accumulated by i said oil accumulator (10) is to be removed, εaid oil collector (14) being adapted to collect oil removed from εaid oil accumulator (10) isby εaid oil remover meanε (12) . 2. The device for εeparating oil from water aε εet forth in 2 claim 1, wherein εaid oil accumulator further compriεeε: a hollow cylinder (18) , εaid hollow cylinder (18) having radial truεεeε (40) attached to tranεverse supports (42) , said radial truεεeε (40) and εaid e transverse εupportε (42) defining cageε (38) ; and a plurality of removable blockε (16) , εaid removable blocks (16) comprising εaid plurality of open cellε (20) , εaid removable blocks (16) removably fitting within εaid cageε (38) . 3. The device for εeparating oil from water aε εet forth in claim 2, wherein said cellε (20) compriεe cylindrical tubeε (22) . 4. The device for εeparating oil from water aε set forth in claim 2, wherein said cellε (20) compriεe a honeycomb εtructure (28) . 5. The device for εeparating oil from water aε εet forth in > claim 1, wherein εaid oil removing meanε (12) compriεeε εteam nozzleε (64) , εaid εteam nozzleε (64) located above and i adjacent to εaid oil accumulator (10) , εaid εteam nozzles (64) ejecting superheated steam towards said cells (20) whereby oil s entrained upon said cells (20) may be removed and said cells (20) become oil-free. 6. The device for separating oil from water aε εet forth in 2 claim 2, wherein εaid oil collector (14) iε centrally located within εaid hollow cylinder (18) , εaid oil collector (14) collecting oil removed by εaid oil remover (12) and tranεporting it away from εaid oil accumulator (10) . 7. The device for separating oil from water aε εet forth in 2 claim 6, wherein εaid oil collector (14) haε baffleε (66) and a central perforated pipe (68) , εaid baffleε (66) preventing 4 oil spillε from εaid oil collector (14) and εaid central perforated pipe (68) conducting oil more efficiently away from e εaid oil accumulator (10) . 8. A device for εeparating oil from water, compriεing: 2 an oil accumulator (10) , εaid oil accumulator (10) having a plurality of open cellε (20) the plurality of which define a large 4 εurface area for itε configuration, each of said cells having an oleophilic surface to which oil clings and water does not, a hollow e cylinder (18), said hollow cylinder (18) having radial trusεeε (40) attached to transverse εupportε (42) , εaid radial truεεeε (40) and β εaid tranεverεe εupportε (42) defining cageε (38), and a plurality of removable blockε (16) , εaid removable blockε (16) comprising ιo said plurality of open cellε (20), εaid removable blockε (16) removably fitting within εaid cages (38) , said oil accumulator (10) i2being adapted for contact with oil and water in order to entrain and separate εaid oil from εaid water; i an oil remover (12) , εaid oil remover (12) being operatively aεεociated with εaid oil accumulator (10) and compriεing steam isnozzles (64) , said εteam nozzleε (64) located above and adjacent to εaid oil accumulator (10) , εaid εteam nozzleε (64) ejecting is εuperheated εteam towards said cells (20) whereby oil entrained upon said cells (20) may be removed and said cellε (20) become oil- ro f ree and an oil collector (14) , εaid oil collector (14) cooperatively 22aεεociated with said oil accumulator (10), εaid oil collector (14) centrally located within εaid hollow cylinder (18) , said oil 24 collector (14) having baffleε (66) and a central perforated pipe (68) , εaid baffleε (66) preventing oil εpillage from εaid oil ∑e collector (14) and εaid central perforated pipe (68) conducting oil more efficiently away from εaid oil accumulator (10) , whereby εaid 2βoil collector (14) collectε oil removed by said oil remover (12) and tranεportε it away from εaid oil accumulator (10) . 9. The device for εeparating oil from water aε εet forth in 2 claim 8, wherein εaid cellε (20) compriεe cylindrical tubes (22) . 10. The device for separating oil from water as set forth in 2 claim 8, wherein said cells (20) comprise a honeycomb structure (28) . 11. The device for separating oil aε εet forth in claim 8, 2 wherein εaid oil accumulator (10) , said oil remover (12) and said oil collector (14) are located between the hullε of a 4 catamaran veεεel. 12. A device for recovering oil εpilled on a body of water, 2 compriεing: a rotating cylinder (18) , εaid rotating cylinder rotating about itε long axiε; a plurality of εpaced, εide by εide tubeε (28) , εaid εpaced, e εide by εide tubeε (28) being diεtributed along the exterior of εaid rotating cylinder (18) in a radial manner so that access iε eprovided to the interior of said tubes (28) from the exterior of εaid cylinder (18), εaid tubeε being adapted to entrain oil; ιo drive means for rotating εaid cylinder (18) through said body of water, said drive meanε coupled to said cylinder (18) ; i2 oil expulsion means (12) for expelling oil entrained in said tubeε (28) , εaid oil expulεion meanε (12) being operatively i associated with said cylinder (18) and said tubes (28); and expelled oil collection means (14) for collecting oil expelled i6by said oil expulsion means (12), said collection meanε (14) located within εaid cylinder (18) ; whereby is oil floating upon said body of water may be gathered and removed from said water by rotating said cylinder (18) in said oil 20 and said water, εaid tubeε (28) entraining εaid oil therein while reεiεting water entrapment when a portion of εaid cylinder (18) iε 22 rotated in εaid body of water, εaid collected oil brought by rotation of εaid cylinder (18) to an upper portion of εaid cylinder 24 (18) where εaid oil expulεion meanε (12) cauεeε entrained oil to travel from εaid tubeε (28) to said collection means (14) . 13. The device for recovering oil spilled on a body of water 2 as set forth in claim 12, wherein εaid rotating cylinder (18) further comprises: « radial trusseε (40) attached to tranεverεe εupportε (42) , εaid radial truεseε (40) and εaid tranεverεe E εupportε (42) defining cageε (38) in which εaid tubeε (28) are fixed. 14. The device for recovering oil εpilled on a body of water 2 as set forth in claim 12, wherein said plurality of spaced, side by εide tubeε have oleophilic εurfaceε. 15. The device for recovering oil εpilled on a body of water 2 aε εet forth in claim 12, wherein εaid drive meanε further compriεeε a ring gear (48) encircling one end of εaid rotating 4 cylinder (18) , εaid ring gear (48) engaging a driving gear (50) controllably driven by a motor. 16. The device for recovering oil εpilled on a body of water 2 as set forth in claim 12, wherein said oil expulsion means (12) further compriseε: 4 εteam nozzles (64) , said steam nozzleε (64) located above and adjacent to εaid rotating cylinder (18) , εaid εteam nozzles (64) e forcefully ejecting superheated εteam towards said tubeε (28) whereby oil entrained upon εaid tubeε (28) may be removed and εaid β tubeε (28) become oil-free. 17. The device for recovering oil εpilled on a body of water 2 as εet forth in claim 12, wherein εaid expelled oil collection meanε (14) compriεeε: 4 a trough having baffleε (66) and a perforated central collecting pipe (68) , εaid trough located e generally central to εaid rotating cylinder (18) and collecting said oil expelled from said tubes (28) . 18. A device for recovering oil spilled on a body of water, 2 comprising: a rotating cylinder (18) , said rotating cylinder rotating about itε long axiε, εaid rotating cylinder (18) having radial truεses (40) attached to transverse supports (42) , εaid radial e truεεeε (40) and said transverεe supportε (42) defining cages (38); a plurality of spaced, side by εide tubeε (28) having β oleophilic εurfaces, εaid εpaced, εide by εide tubeε (28) being diεtributed along the exterior of εaid rotating cylinder (18) in a ιoradial manner in εaid cageε (38) εo that acceεε iε provided to the interior of εaid tubeε (28) from the exterior of εaid cylinder i2 (18), εaid tubeε being adapted to entrain oil; drive meanε for rotating εaid cylinder (18) through εaid body i4of water, εaid drive meanε coupled to εaid cylinder (18) and having a ring gear (48) encircling one end of εaid rotating cylinder (18) , i6 said ring gear (48) engaging a driving gear (50) controllably driven by a motor; is oil expulsion meanε (12) for expelling oil entrained in said tubeε (28) , εaid oil expulεion meanε (12) being operatively associated with εaid cylinder (18) and εaid tubeε (28), εaid oil expulεion meanε comprising εteam nozzleε (64) , εaid εteam nozzleε (64) located above and adjacent to εaid cylinder (18) , εaid εteam nozzleε (64) forcefully ejecting εuperheated εteam towardε εaid tubeε (28) whereby oil entrained upon εaid tubeε (28) may be removed and εaid tubeε (28) become oil-free; and expelled oil collection meanε (14) for collecting oil expelled by εaid oil expulεion meanε (12) , εaid collection meanε (14) βlocated within εaid cylinder (18) and compriεing a trough having baffles (66) and a perforated central collecting pipe (68) , said o trough located generally central to said rotating cylinder (18) and collecting said oil expelled from said tubes (28) ; whereby 2 oil floating upon said body of water may be gathered and removed from said water by rotating said cylinder (18) in εaid oil and εaid water, εaid tubeε (28) entraining εaid oil therein while reεiεting water entrapment when a portion of εaid cylinder (18) iε 6 rotated in εaid body of water, εaid collected oil brought by rotation of εaid cylinder (18) to an upper portion of εaid cylinder β (18) where εaid oil expulεion meanε (12) cauεeε entrained oil to travel from said tubes (28) to said collection meanε (14) . 19. The device for recovering oil εpilled on a body of water 2 aε εet forth in claim 18, wherein εaid rotating cylinder (18) , εaid εpaced, εide by εide tubeε (28) , εaid drive meanε, εaid oil expulεion meanε (12) , and εaid expelled oil collection means (14) are fixed between the hullε of a catamaran boat.

Inventors: NEWSOM COSBY M, NEWSOM, COSBY, M.
Applicants: NEWSOM COSBY M, NEWSOM, COSBY, M.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: E02B15
IPC codes: C02F1, E02B15