CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLILD FOR A BUILDING

Abstract: The invention refers to a frame structure for a building (1), including in the main vertical frame elements (2), arranged spaced from each other in rows along two opposite walls in the building, whereby each of the frame elements (2) is supported by a foundation structure (3) and the frame elements together support a roof structure (6-8). According to the invention the frame elements (2) preferably on their side facing the centre of the building (1) support an outer lining (9) and that an insulation (10) is provided inside an outer lining (9, 9b). Further an inner lining (11) is provided inside the insulation (10), which inner lining (11) together with floor elements (15) and an upper structural floor (14) form a free-standing inner house body. This implies that support elements between the outer lining (9a) and the inner lining (11) jointly with support elements (16) between the outer lining (9b) and floor elements (15) together with the insulation (10), the inner lining (11) with floor elements (15) and an upper structural floor (14) form a free-standing inner house body.

Description: CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLID FOR A BUILDING The invention refers to a frame structure for a building, including in the main vertical frame elements, arranged spaced from each other in rows along two opposite walls in the building, whereby each of the frame elements is supported by a foundation structure and the frame elements together support a roof structure. At traditional construction of a building a frame structure is generally first erected, which structure inclu¬ des vertical frame elements in the form of poles in the walls and bearing roof trusses. This frame structure on its outside is provided with an outer lining and on its inside with an inner lining. This applies both to floors, walls and the roof and generally the frame elements and the roof trus¬ ses are passing through between the outer lining and the inner lining. Between the outer lining and the inner lining generally an insulating material is arranged in order to achieve a desired heat insulation. Frame elements and roof trusses and possibly other building elements thereby will constitute cold bridges between the inside and the outside of the floors, the walls and the roof. Besides, uninsulated cavity spaces frequently occur next to the connecting ele¬ ments. This of course gives rise to deficiencies in the heat insulating ability of the floor, the walls and the roof. When mounting the roof, for instance roofing sheet-metal or the like, one generally uses screws or nails, which thereby perforate the plate and this implies that it from the very building period there is a great risk of lea¬ kage through the screw or nail heads, but yet leakage with the time occurs, which gives rise to moisture, mould, rust and decay damages on and inside the building. The object of the invention is to provide a frame structure of the type stated by way of introduction, which enables construction of a building in the main without cold bridges between the outer lining and the inner lining of the floors, the walls and the roof, whereby at the same time it will be possible to mount the roof structure quickly and simple and without perforating operations in the outer li- ning of the roof, which means that above stated drawbacks are eliminated. Said object is achieved by means of a frame struc¬ ture according to the present invention, which in the main is characterized therein, that the frame elements preferably on their side facing the centre of the building support an outer lining and that an insulation is provided inside an outer lining and that an inner lining is provided inside the insulation, which inner lining together with floor elements and an upper structural floor form a free-standing inner house body, whereby support elements between the outer li¬ ning and the inner lining jointly with the support elements between the outer lining and floor elements together with the insulation entails that the inner lining with floor ele- ments and an upper structural floor form a free-standing inner house body. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are stated in the subclaims. The invention is described closer below with re- ference to the enclosed drawings, which show non limiting embodiments and in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a building with a frame structure according to an embodiment of the inven¬ tion, Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section through the building according to figure 1, Figure 3 is a perspective view of the frame struc¬ ture of the building according to Figure 1 with certain parts cut away, Figure 4 is a lateral view of a frame element for use in the frame structure according to Figure 3, Figure 5 is a perspective view of a roof ridge element for use in connection with frame structure according to the invention, Figure 6 shows a cross-section through an eaves element for use in the frame structure according to the in¬ vention, Figure 7 shows a cross-section through an over¬ stretching device for use in the frame structure according to Figure 3, Figure 8 shows a perspective view of an eaves ele- ment with a covering profile according to Figure 6, in which gable parts and/or a joint sleeve is shown, Figure 9 shows an exploded view in perspective of the eaves element according to Figure 8, Figure 10 shows an exploded view in perspective of the eaves element according to Figure 8 shown from below, Figure 11 shows a second cross section according to Figure 2, showing a support element placed between the inner lining and the outer lining, and an indented roof, Figure 12 shows a cross-section through the struc- ture of a desk roof variant of the invention, Figure 13 is a lateral view of the frame element variants = 2A and 2B, which are included in the desk roof frame according to Figure 12, Figure 14 shows a lateral view of a gable of a 2 \ floor building where a pointed gable balcony together with a centre located fire escape and a frame element accor¬ ding to Figure 4, form an outside wall element counter hol¬ ding device, and Figure 15 shows a schematic cross-section through a building according to Figure 14 where the support elements are constituted by foam plastic blocks. In Figure 1 is shown a building foundation in the form of a house 1 which is erected with a frame structure according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows a somewhat diagrammatic cross-sec¬ tion through the house 1 shown in Figure 1. It appears from Figure 2 that the frame structure of the house 1 is con¬ structed from a number of frame elements 2 (see Figure 4 in detail), which is arranged on a foundation structure in the form of a number of plinths 3, which are provided with fas¬ tening means 4 for mounting of the frame elements 2 with possibility of adjustment in the vertical direction for le- veiling of differences in height between the plinths 3. Mo¬ reover the frame elements 2 are connected in pairs by means of floor beams 5. Further it is apparent from Figure 2 that the frame elements 2 in the main are trapezium shaped with in¬ clined upper parts and that the roof element 6 bears on the inclined upper parts of the frame elements 2 via a horizon¬ tally mounted bearing bar 30 with sleeve plug 57, see Figure 7, and at their upper ends are connected to each other by means of a roof ridge element 7 (see Figure 5 in detail). At the lower ends the roof elements 6 are held and supported by eaves elements 8, which are connected to the inclined upper parts of the frame elements 2. The eaves elements 8 are shown in detail in Figure 6. Between the supporting beams 30 an overhung unit is hereby formed. In Figure 2 furthermore an outer lining 9 for the walls of the house 1 is shown, in this case in the shape of lying trapezium profiled sheet metal. Inside the outer li¬ ning 9 an insulation 10 is provided and inside this an inner lining 11, which is bearing and supports a mid structural floor 12 and an attic structural floor 13. The insulation 10 also extends along the inside of the roof elements 6 and above an upper structural floor 14, which is supported by the inner lining 11 above the attic structural floor 13. The inner lining 11 bears on floor elements 15, which in its turn bears on support elements 16 of insulating material with necessary strength. This means that the inner lining 11, the floor element 15 and the structural floor 12-14 form a self supporting unit which via the support elements 16 are carried by the floor beams 5 without any cold bridges run¬ ning through the insulation 10. If required, support ele¬ ments, which correspond to the support elements 16, also may be arranged in the insulation 10 of the walls in order to achieve necessary rigidity. In Figure 3 a perspective view of a frame struc¬ ture according to the invention is shown with certain parts of the roof elements 6 cut off. The frame structure consists of in pairs opposite frame elements 2, which are placed on the plinths 3. It also appears that the floor beams 5 con¬ nect the frame elements 2 in pairs. Each frame element 2 in the embodiment shown is carried out as a welded, in the main trapezium shaped frame of square pipes (see Figure 4). It is built up from an inner upright 17 and an outer upright 18, a horizontal support beam 19 situated below and an inclined upper part 20. The frame element 2 is kept together by a horizontal stay 21 and a triangular stiffening element 22, which is provided between the upper part 20 and the inner upright 17. Above the support beam 19 there is provided a lath beam 23, which increases the stability and is able to support a floor or a duckboard. The support beam 19 may con¬ sist of a high profile beam but in the sketch is constructed from two on top of each other located square pipes and has a free protruding end 24, and this entails that the support surface and the stability increases . At the top the frame element 2 has a recess 25 between the inner upright 17 and the upper part 20. Inside the recess 25 an overstretching device sleeve 55 is inserted, which in free position bears against the stop screw 58. See Figure 7. Via an overstret¬ ching device 56 the horizontally mounted bearing bar 30 with sleeve plug 57 is lifted to a desired overstretching of the roof elements 6. The overstretching device 56 is realized accor¬ ding to the following: 59 is a race foot boss on a race sle¬ eve 67. Said boss 59 is received in a sawed up slot 72 re¬ spectively in a sawed up slit 73 in the sleeve plug 57 and the frame element 2 respectively. A stop screw is designated with 58 and a bearing bar with 30. A bar holder with 66 and a threaded rod with 68, for instance with diam. 24 mm. An adjustment nut 69 and a locknut are screwed onto the rod 68. A bar holder 71 is provided at the bottom. Also, it appears from Figure 3 that the frame element 2 at the gables of the house to be, are connected by means of high legs 26, which are kept together by male beams 27 and beams 28. The high legs 26 are also supported by oblique beams 29, which are arranged between the high legs 26 and a bearing bar/connection beam 30, which is provided via sleeves in the recesses 25 of the frame elements 2 to connect the frame elements. The most important function of the high legs 26, the male beams 27 and the beams 28 is to carry the outer lining 9 of the building at the gables. The reason why there are two sets high legs 26, male beams 27 and beams 28 at one end of the house is that this here is provided with a covered gable balcony. At this end the ex- ternal high legs 26 are supported by the support legs 31. For stiffening up of the frame structure diagonal stays 32 are arranged between at least a part of the frame elements 2. In order to give counter-thrust and support for the outwards directed forces of the outer wall lining 9 on the gables of 2\-floor type buildings, according to Figure 14, a pointed hanger-on balcony has been designed 75, which in combination with a mid mounted fire escape 76 and the frame elements 2 which absorb these forces. The roof elements 6, are shown only partly in Fi¬ gure 3 and in this embodiment consist of trapezium profiled plate, is supported by its lower ends by the eaves elements 8, one of which is shown more detailed in Figure 6. At their upper ends the roof elements 6 are supported and kept toget- her by the roof ridge element 7 , which is shown more detai¬ led in Figure 5. The roof ridge element 7 is anchored by means of a diagonal stay 35 in one or several of the frame • elements 2. The diagonal stays 35 thereby in a known method may be provided with shroud screws or other means for adjustment of the length. In Figure 6 the eaves element 8 is shown in closer detail. In the main it consists of a longtitudinal square beam 36 and an angle profile 37 arranged at some distance above this, which is turned such that between the square beam and the angle profile is formed an accommodation for the lower end of the roof elements 6. The square beam 36 and the angle profile 37 are connected to each other by means of a number of connection parts 38 spaced from each other. In addition the square beam 36 supports a number of holds 39, which are intended to be pushed into the upper parts 20 of the frame elements 2 and fastened to these by means of bolts 40. The roof elements 6 bear against the downwards directed shank 41 of the angle profile 37. Besides the eaves element 8 is provided with a co¬ vering profile 42, which is designed to be snapped on about the square beam 36 and the angle profile 37. The covering profile 42 is thereby provided with recesses to enable the same to be brought past the holds 39. The covering profile 42 forms a gutter, which collects the water, that flows downwards along the roof elements 6 and downwards in the covering profile 42 through the space between the square beam 36 and the angle profile 37. When needed the roof elements 6 can be wedged in between the square beam 36 and the angle profile 37 by means of a somewhat elastic filling part 43, for instance a band of rubber or plastic material or a pressure impregnated woo- den strip. The eaves element 8 also operates as a snow slide protection. According to Figure 13 a variant of frame elements intended for desk roofs is shown. To these eaves elements 8 also are used as roof element holders at the upper edge. The eaves elements 8 are here premounted somewhat protracted at the upper edge. When the roof elements 6 are on site at the lower edge, the eaves elements are pushed on and are after- fastened at the upper edge, via a push on device, which in one design can be identical to the overstretching device type 56. See Figure 7. In Figure 5 the roof ridge element 7 is shown in closer detail. It consists of two end profiles 44, which surround the upper ends of the roof elements 6, a C-shaped locking profile 45 and a ridge plate 46, which is intended to be snapped on the end profiles 44 and thereby cover these and the locking profile 45. Each of the end profiles has a lower shank 47, an upper shank 48 and a web part 49. In ad¬ dition there is provided a connection part 50 which in ope¬ rative position is vertical with an outwards bent locking shank 51 and a stiffening portion 52, which connects the web part 49 and the connection part 50. The locking profile 45 for connection of the end profiles 44 is pushed over the locking shanks 51, whereby the connection parts 50 bear against each other. In order to prevent movement between the end profiles 44 the connection parts 50 are also joined by means of at least one locking screw 53. In Figure 5 an at¬ tachment 54 for one of the diagonal stays 35 is shown as well . The roof ridge element of Figure 5 is also inten¬ ded for other building methods such as edge stiffening, cor- ner profile and enlargement pole. In Figure 7 is shown a section through an over¬ stretching device 56 for use in a frame structure according to Figure 3 in the purpose of, after mounting of the roof element, lifting up the roof supporting connection beam 30 some centimeters and thereby as required overstretch the roof carrying elements in preventive purpose against wind suction forces . The overstretching device 56 in Figure 7 is cha¬ racterized in a race foot boss 59 arranged on a race sleeve 67 and by means of an adjustment nut for overstretching 69 is moved upwards along the threaded bar 68 which is applied at an upper bar holder 66 on the triangle 22 and a lower bar holder 71, drives up the race sleeve 55 via entry of the boss 59 in the race sleeve 55 through the slot 72, and the sawed up slit 73 in the inner upright 17 of the frame ele¬ ment 2, so that the sleeve plug 57 and the bearing bar 30 are lifted upwards, sliding inside the inner upright 17. When the bearing bar 30 is in correct position, it is locked there with a locknut 70, the stop screw 58, prevents the in- ner race sleeve 55 from falling down inside the upright 17 during mounting. The invention is of course not limited to the above described embodiment, but changes can be made within the scope of subsequent patent claims.

Claims: PATENT CLAIMS 1. A frame structure for a building (1), including in the main vertical frame elements (2), arranged spaced from each other in rows along two opposite walls of the building, whereby each of the frame elements (2) is supported by a foundation structure (3) and the frame elements together support a roof structure (6-8), characterized therein, that the frame elements (2) preferably on their side facing the centre of the building (1) support an outer lining (9) and that an insulation (10) is provided inside an outer lining (9, 9b), that an inner lining (11) is provided inside the insulation (10), which inner lining (11) together with floor elements (15) and an upper structural floor (14) form a free-standing inner house body, whereby support elements (77) between the outer lining (9a) and the inner lining (11) jointly with support elements (16) between the outer lining (9b) and floor elements (15) together with the insulation (10) entails that the inner lining (11) with floor elements (15) and an upper structural floor (14) form a free-standing inner house body. 2. A frame structure according to patent claim 1, characterized therein, that each frame element (2) is real¬ ized in the shape of a substantially parallel trapezium sha¬ ped frame with sloping top (20), that the frame elements (2) in the both rows with the highest points of the inclined upper parts (20) arranged facing each other and that the roof structure (6-8) includes at least a substantially rigid roof element (6) for each row of frame elements (2), which roof element (6) at its lower end is held on to the inclined upper parts (20) of the frame elements (2) and at its upper end is connected with the upper end of the corresponding roof element (6) belonging to the opposite row of frame ele¬ ments (2) . 3. A frame structure according to any of the above stated patent claims, characterized therein, that the frame elements (2) are connected in pairs by means of floor beams (5). 4. A frame structure according to claims 1-3, characterized therein, that the frame elements (2) in each row are connected with each other at the lowest ends of the inclined upper parts (20) by means of an eaves element (8), which also holds the lower ends of the roof elements (6). 5. A frame structure according to any of claim 1-4, characterized therein, that a roof ridge element (7) is pro¬ vided to connect the upper ends of the roof elements (6), which roof ridge element (7) is formed with end profiles (44), which surround the upper ends of the roof elements (6). 6. A frame structure according to claim 5, characterized therein, that the roof ridge element (7) is connected to one or several of the frame elements (2) by means of diagonal stays (35). 7. A frame structure according to any of claims 1-6 characterized therein, that each frame element (2) includes an inner upright (17), a external upright (18), a support beam (19) which connects the lower parts of the uprights (17, 18), and the inclined upper part (20), which connects the upper parts of the uprights (17, 18). 8. A frame structure according to any of claims 1-7, characterized therein, that the inner upright (17) in each frame element (2) has a height that corresponds at least to one floor height. 9. A frame structure according to any of the patent claims 7-8, characterized therein, that each frame element (2) at its inner upright (17) at the top has a recess (25) for a connection beam (30), which connects the frame ele¬ ments (2) in a row. 10. A frame structure according to any of the patent claims 1-9, characterized therein, that the outer lining (9a) and (9b) are overhung. 11. A frame structure according to any of the patent claims 1-10, characterized therein, that the eaves elements (8) are formed such, that the lower edge of the roof ele¬ ments (6) is held fast and that it forms a groove for rain-water extending along the lower edge of the roof ele¬ ments ( 6) . 12. A frame structure according to any of the patent claims 1-11, characterized therein, that the rigid roof ele¬ ments (6), for instance of high profiled roofing sheet-me¬ tal, are overhung all the way from a lower connection beam (30) up to the roof ridge element (7), free from further support from beneath. 13. A frame structure according to any of the patent claims 1-12, characterized therein, that the roof elements (6) are mounted in original state free from any strain and shear tensions taking connection through the roof elements (6) to any environment of the frame structure.

Inventors: LINDSTROEM LENNART, NILSEN ROBERT, LINDSTROEM, LENNART, NILSEN, ROBERT
Applicants: LINDSTROEM LENNART, NILSEN ROBERT, LINDSTROEM, LENNART, NILSEN, ROBERT
Application year: 1994
Main classification: E04B1
IPC codes: E04B1