HYDRAULIC HEAD PULLEY

Abstract: Motorised head pulley (1) comprising a rotating drum (4), which is driven by a permanently mounted hydraulic motor (1a) situated in the pulley (4). Between the motor (1a) and the pulley (4), a reduction gear (2) is inserted. The motor (1a) and the reduction gear (2) comprise moving parts (3, 12, 14, 15), which are designed for operation in contact with a water-based, lubricant-free pressure fluid. The motorised head pulley can by this be used without having to pay attention to the risk of pollution from the hydraulic medium. The motorised head pulley is especially appropriate to drive conveyors in food processing production.

Description: Hydraulic head pulley The present invention relates to a motorised head pulley with a rotating drum, which is driven by a hydraulic motor permanently mounted in the pulley. Motorised head pulleys of the type mentioned in the intro¬ duction are known from US Patent Specification No. 3 788 605 and No. 4 148 464, where the hydraulic motor is arranged to be driven by means of a standard oil-based hydraulic medium. It has proved, however, that it is diffi¬ cult to arrange these motorised head pulleys with such a high degree of tightness that the oil-based hydraulic medium cannot possibly escape to the surroundings and pollute them. The application of these motorised head pulleys for driving for example conveyors in food process¬ ing factories such as slaughterhouses in particular, is today very restricted as a consequence of the risk men¬ tioned that the oil-based hydraulic medium escapes to the surroundings and pollute for example foodstuff when leaks occur in the pulley or in pressure pipes. It should also be mentioned that in addition to this last mentioned motorised head pulley, motorised head pulleys are known where the driving motor is an electro-motor, see for example US Patent Specification No. 5 088 596. On the background of the drawbacks mentioned above, these motorised head pulleys have been used increasingly for driving conveyors especially in food processing industries, but still they involve a not inconsiderable risk of leaks at the oil lubricated transmission, which may also lead to unwanted contamination of the surroundings. The electrical¬ ly driven head pulleys often have a high, unwanted gener¬ ation of heat, when they have received an often pre-deter- mined number of start/stop signals within a given period of time, and the high degree of heat generation heats in an unwanted manner the driven arrangement such as a conveyor. The high degree of heat generation causes different fric¬ tion and uneven pull of the conveyor, which will quite often lead to increased wear or break-down. The motorised head pulley according to the present inven¬ tion is characterised in that a reduction gear is inserted between the motor and the pulley, and that the motor and the reduction gear comprise moving parts which are arranged for operation in contact with a water-based, lubricant-free pressure fluid. A motorised head pulley is hereby provided, which can be used for many, different purposes, without the necessity of paying attention to a risk of pollution from the hydraulic medium, especially during operation, but also during installation and service of the motorised head pulley. The high conductivity of the water-based pressure medium will ensure a necessary and very efficient transport of the frictional heat away from the moving parts of the reduction gear. According to the embodiment described in claim 2, the wear of the sliding surfaces is reduced at operation in water. The embodiments according to claims 3-6 have proved to provide a particularly functional and reliable reduction gear in connection with a hydraulic motorised head pulley. In the embodiment according to claim 7 the motorised head pulley can suitably be suspended by the shaft, for example by means of a fork-like unit gripping each shaft end, and the motorised head pulley can suitably be installed direct for replacing existing motorised head pulleys, driving for example conveyors. The embodiment according to claim 8 provides particularly efficient cooling of the reduction gear and the moving parts of the hydraulic motor, and thereby heat removal via the passing pressure fluid. In the embodiment according to claim 9 a particularly efficient heat removal from the pulley via the passing pressure fluid is ensured. According to the present invention the plastic material can in a particularly suitable manner be polyetherether ketone reinforced with carbon fibres. However, many other types of thermoplastic materials may be used, as for example polyamide. According to the present invention the thermoplastic material may have a content of fillers, such as glass, graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene or carbon, and especially in a fibre form. According to the present invention the motorised head pulley can be used with particular advantage for driving conveyors in a food-processing production. The invention is explained in more detail in the following, with reference to the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows in partially axial section a hydraulically driven motorised head pulley 1, which drives a schemati- cally shown conveyor 10, and Fig. 2 a radial section along the line II-II through the reduction gear. The motorised head pulley shown in fig. 1 comprises a hydraulic motor la, which works on the radial piston prin- ciple in the example shown. Further, the motorised head pulley 1 comprises a permanently mounted, stationary shaft 5, and a pulley 4 rotating around this shaft, which pulley is driven via a reduction gear 2 by the hydraulic motor la. In the embodiment shown, the shaft is divided into two sec¬ tions 5a and 5b, and the radial piston motor la is inserted between them and rigidly connected with the shaft sections 5a, 5b. In the example shown, the reduction gear 2 is designed as a planet gear, which like the hydraulic motor la is centrally mounted in a cavity 11 in the pulley 4. The planet gear 2 comprises three gear wheels 3, which consti¬ tute the planet wheels of the planet gear, and which are pivotally suspended via the shaft journals 12 on an end flange 13 on the motor la. The gear wheels 3 mesh with the toothed drive shaft 14 of the hydraulic motor la, which drive shaft is the sun wheel of the planet gear, and which also meshes with an internally toothed rim 15 in the inter¬ nal cavity 11 of the pulley 4. In the embodiment shown, the gear wheels 3 are made of the plastic material polyether- ether ketone reinforced with carbon fibres. The shaft jour¬ nals 12, the drive shaft 14, and the toothed rim 15 are made of metal such as rust-inhibited steel. The moving parts of the hydraulic motor comprise pairs of sliding surfaces turned towards each other, one of which sliding surfaces is of metal, and the other sliding surface of a plastic material; the pistons may be made of metal, such as steel, and the cylinder walls may be of plastics, such as carbon fibre reinforced polyetherether ketone. The sliding surfaces of the motor, especially the radial slid¬ ing surfaces, may comprise sliding surfaces on a steel shaft and sliding surfaces on a support, such as a bushing of plastic material, especially carbon fibre reinforced polyetherether ketone. All pairs of opposed sliding surfaces between the two mutually movable parts of the reduction gear and also between the mutually moving parts of the motor, are thus designed to be lubricated and cooled by means of a lubricant-free, water-based pressure fluid, so that the surfaces do not weld as a consequence of direct contact between the surfaces without intermediary pressure fluid. At the same time a leak occurring at the motorised head pulley will not result in pollution of the surroundings with an undesirable, oil-based hydraulic medium, as in the case of known motorised head pulleys, but only with harm¬ less water, which is important especially when the motorised head pulley is used for driving a conveyor 10, which forms part of a food processing production. This applies in operation as well as under installation and dismantling of the motorised head pulley in connection with service. The internal cylindrical cavity 11 of the pulley extends to immediate proximity with the external perimeter of the pulley, and generally in the whole length of the pulley 4. Hereby the pulley heat is led away in a particularly effi¬ cient manner via the passing, water-based pressure fluid. As shown, the stationary, split shaft 5 can be provided with inlets 6a, 6b, and outlet 7, which are connected through orifices 8, 8a with the central cavity 11 for admission and emission, respectively, of the water-based pressure fluid in the cavity of the pulley. Thereby the lubricant-free, water-based pressure fluid, which can preferably be corporation water, can quickly remove particularly intense heat, resulting for example by friction between the conveyor 10 and the pulley 4. Hereby a high degree of operational reliability is achieved. Similarly, the water-based pressure fluid will in a par¬ ticularly efficient manner remove heat from the hydraulic motor la and the reduction gear 2, since both are directly surrounded by the pressure fluid. The hydraulic motor la may be provided with a non-return valve 9 in the inlet 6 as well as openings 7a for emitting the pressure fluid into the cavity 11. Incidentally, the non-return valve 9 in the inlet 6 will ensure that the hydraulic motor cannot counter-rotate, which makes it redundant to provide it with further means of braking, such as a mechanical brake. It should be mentioned that as it is known, the heat con- ductivity in the known, oil-based pressure liquids is much lower than in water. According to the present invention a particularly reliable and stable service of the motorised head pulley is ensured under service conditions where much heat must be removed. The heat is removed chiefly via the water-based pressure fluid, which is quite impossible in the case of the known motorised head pulleys, which are driven by means of an oil-based pressure fluid. In conclusion it should be mentioned that many changes may be made without deviating from the principle of the inven¬ tion itself. For example, the motorised head pulley can be used for driving many different transport devices under circumstances where pollution with oil of the surroundings is unwanted. At the same time, many different combinations of materials can be used for the moving parts of the trans¬ mission, including cheaper plastics such as polyamide.

Claims: P a t e n t c l a i s 1. A motorised head pulley (1) with a rotating pulley (4) , which is driven by a permanently mounted hydraulic motor (la) situated in the pulley (4), c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t between the motor (la) and the pulley (4) , a reduction gear (2) mounted in the pulley (4) is inserted, and that the motor (la) and the reduction gear (2) comprise moving parts (3, 12, 14, 15), which are designed for oper¬ ation in contact with a water-based, lubricant-free pres¬ sure fluid. 2. A motorised head pulley according to claim 1, c h a - r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t mainly each pair of mutually opposed sliding surfaces on the moving parts (3, 12, 14, 15) of the hydraulic motor (la) and the reduction gear (2) comprises a sliding surface (12, 14, 15) of metal and a sliding surface (3) of a plastic material. 3. A motorised head pulley according to claim 2, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the reduction gear is a toothed gear transmission (2) , in which meshing pairs of rows of teeth (3, 14; 3, 15) comprise a row of teeth (14, 15) of metal and a row of teeth (3) of plastic material. 4. A motorised head pulley according to claim 3, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the gear wheel trans¬ mission is a planet gear (2) with a sun wheel (14) of metal and planet wheels (3) of plastic material. 5. A motorised head pulley according to claim 4, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the drive shaft (14) of the hydraulic motor (la) is toothed, and is sun wheel in the planet gear (2) . 6. A motorised head pulley according to claim 5, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the planet gear (2) meshes with an internally toothed rim (15) of metal in the pulley (4) . 7. A motorised head pulley according to one of the above claims, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the pulley (4) is pivotally suspended on a stationary shaft (5a, 5b) , which carries the hydraulic motor (la) , and that the stationary shaft (5a, 5b) is provided with an inlet (6a, 6b) to, and an outlet (7) from the hydraulic motor (la). 8. A motorised head pulley according to one of the above claims, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the pulley is a cylindrical, tubular body (4) , enclosing a cavity (11) through which the pressure fluid flows, and in which cavity the hydraulic motor (la) and the reduction gear (2) are arranged. 9. A motorised head pulley according to one of the above claims, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the pressure fluid is passed through the motorised head pulley (la) in such a manner that during its passage at least part of the pressure fluid is in thermal contact with internal surfaces in the tubular body (4) , which extends mainly in the entire length of the tubular body (4) , and at least over part of the periphery of the tubular body. 10. A motorised head pulley according to one of the claims 2-7, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the plas¬ tic material is a polyarylether ketone. 11. A motorised head pulley according to claim 8, c h a - r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the plastic material is a polyetherether ketone. 12. A motorised head pulley according to one of the claims 2-9, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the plastic material is reinforced with fibres.

Inventors: ANDERSEN RENE SCHIBSBYE, NIELSEN JENS JOERGEN, ANDERSEN, RENE, SCHIBSBYE, NIELSEN, JENS, JOERGEN
Applicants: ANDERSEN RENE SCHIBSBYE, DANFOSS AS, NIELSEN JENS JOERGEN, ANDERSEN, RENE, SCHIBSBYE, DANFOSS A/S, NIELSEN, JENS, JOERGEN
Application year: 1994
Main classification: B65G23
IPC codes: B65G23, B66D1