External filtration device particularly for aquariums and ornamental water tanks

Abstract: The invention relates to an external filtration device, particularly for aquariums and ornamental water tanks, which includes a container formed by a lower hollow part (2) that is closed at the top by a detachable lid (3) and internally accommodates a filtration chamber (6) and a pump (11) which are connected to the outside by an inlet connector (8) and an outlet connector (15). A priming suction chamber (18) is located upstream of the pressure chamber (12) of the pump (11) and downstream of the filtration chamber (6). The suction chamber (18) has a removable upper plug (25) and is connected to the pressure chamber (12) of the pump (11) by an horizontal passage (20) and to the filtration chamber (6) by a vertical duct (22). A discharge chamber (26) is located directly downstream of the pressure chamber (12) and is directly connected to the outlet connector (15). Safety hooks (27) engage the lid with the lower hollow part (2).

Description: The present invention relates to an external filtration device particularly for aquariums and ornamental water tanks, of the type including a hermetically closed container that internally accommodates a pump and a filtration chamber which are connected to the outside by a suction connector and a discharge connector. As is known, in devices of the above indicated type the suction and discharge connectors are generally connected to the tank of the liquid to be filtered by virtue of ordinary flexible hoses. These devices should open in order to allow periodic maintenance of the filter. Accordingly, such devices are generally composed of two parts that can be coupled hermetically by locking hooks or other manual closure devices. In some known devices, the container is formed by a lower cup-shaped part adapted to receive a filter cartridge and by an upper part or lid that encloses an electric pump together with the suction and discharge connectors. The pump can be arranged upstream or downstream of the filter component. In order to ensure pump startup, the pump must be primed by keeping the impeller constantly submerged, avoiding if possible the forming of air pockets in the ducts. In a known device provided with an upstream pump, the pump is located at the base of the container. This arrangement facilitates the priming of the pump but causes unfiltered liquid to flow through some of its internal components, with consequent greater wear and risk of seizing. Furthermore, the pump can be rather noisy, especially after an initial period of use. In another conventional device the pump is arranged downstream of the filtration component, for example built into the lid, and in order to prime the pump it is necessary to first of all fill the container with liquid and expel the air from the circuit. An example of such conventional device is shown in US-A-4,895,646 in which the priming means are provided by an external vacuum pump other than the water pump located in the lid. Both arrangements have drawbacks that compromise the durability and efficiency of the pump or the practicality and functionality of the device as a whole. An additional drawback of conventional external filtration devices arises from the components for closing the container, which are generally constituted by lever-like hooks. These components are in fact difficult to operate and do not have an easily identifiable open or closed position. This can cause unintentional opening of the device and therefore accidental leakage of the liquid contained in it, consequently forcing one to repeat the pump priming operations. From BE-A-442921 is known a transportable centrifugal pump that can be primed by an opening formed in the wall of the pressure chamber which opening can be sealed by a removable cover after filling the pressure chamber. From GB-A-544768 is known a pump installation including a priming device with a suction chamber accessible from outside. Both these documents describe priming means for pumps but give no teachings as to their installation in external filtration devices in such a manner to avoid opening thereof and laborious operations. The aim of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks described above by providing an external filtration device, particularly for aquariums and ornamental water tanks in general, that can be easily primed from the outside without complicated and troublesome operations. An object is to provide an external filtration device that can be opened easily for inspection and maintenance and unequivocally visualizes its open or closed condition, so as to avoid accidental opening on the part of the user. The invention achieves this aim and this object by virtue of an external filtration device, as defined in the attached claim 1, characterized in that the priming means are accommodated internally of the upper lid member and have access means for enabling direct access from outside of said container while maintaining the lid member coupled to the lower cup-shaped member via detachable engagement means. In this manner the pump startup operations become easier and more straightforward, without having to resort to troublesome operations or having to disassemble the device. Preferably, the priming means includes at least one suction chamber located downstream of the filtration chamber and upstream of the pressure chamber of the pump. The chamber can be accessed from outside by virtue of a hermetic plug that can be opened, and is connected to the pressure chamber of the pump by a substantially horizontal passage and to the filtration chamber by a substantially vertical duct that runs within the suction chamber to a level that is higher than the pressure chamber of the pump. There is also a discharge chamber which is located directly downstream of the pressure chamber of the pump and is connected directly to the inlet connector. The container is closed in its upper region by a lid that internally accommodates the suction and the discharge chambers, the pump, and the inlet and outlet connectors. The lid has, in its peripheral region, with parts for engaging the lower part of the container with a release-preventing safety means. Further characteristics and advantages will become apparent from the detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the filtration device according to the invention, given by way of non-limitative example with the aid of the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a partially cutout perspective view of a filtration device according to the invention; Figure 2 is a sectional and partially cutout front view of the device of Figure 1, taken along the vertical plane II-II of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a partially cutout top view of the device of Figure 1, illustrating the engagement means; Figure 4 is a sectional view of a detail of Figure 3, taken along the plane IV-IV; Figure 5 is a top view of a detail of the engagement system of the device of Figure 1; Figure 6 is a side view of the detail of Figure 5; Figure 7 is an enlarged-scale view of a detail of Figure 2. With reference to the above figures, an external filtration device according to the invention is shown and generally designated by the reference numeral 1. The device includes a container formed by a hollow lower part 2 which is generally cup-shaped and is closed at its top by a lid 3. The hollow part 2 has an outer side wall 4 which may be generally cylindrical, or having the shape of a truncated cone, and is closed at its bottom by a base 5. The base 5 is substantially flat and also acts as resting base for the container. The hollow part 2 forms a filtration chamber 6 which is suitable to accommodate a filtration cartridge 7 that has slightly smaller dimensions, so as to form an interspace for the flow of the fluid to be filtered. The filtration cartridge 7 can have a differentiated structure, for example with a core made of granular material surrounded by layers of fibrous materials, in order to retain solid particles of increasingly small diameter from the bottom toward the top and from the outside inward. The filtration chamber 6 is connected to the outside by a fluid suction inlet 8 which passes through the lid 3 and protrudes from its upper wall. The lid 3 includes an outer container which is generally cup-shaped, has an upper wall 9 and a side wall 10, and internally accommodates a pump 11. The pump is formed by a pressure chamber 12 that accommodates an impeller 13 which is driven by an electric motor 14, for example of the synchronous type. The lid 3 can have a substantially flat lower wall 16 that expands to form a funnel-shaped conveyor 17. This conveyor is hermetically fitted on the filtration cartridge 7 when the lid 3 is closed over the hollow part 2. According to the invention, the pressure chamber 12 has a priming means that can be easily accessed from the outside. This priming means can be formed by a suction chamber 18 which is located downstream of the filtration chamber 6 and upstream of the pressure chamber 12 of the pump. Preferably, the suction chamber 18 is formed by a hollow cylindrical part 19 which is inserted in the container 9 and is superimposed on the lower wall 16 of the lid 3. The suction chamber 18 is connected to the pressure chamber 12 which accommodates the impeller 13 of the pump 11 in a substantially horizontal lower passage 20 that runs up to the inlet 21 of the chamber 12. A substantially vertical duct 22 also runs from the lower wall 16 and is located inside the suction chamber 18 so that its upper end is at a higher level than the pressure chamber 12. The duct 22 is connected in a lower region to the funnel-shaped manifold 17 and thus with the filtration chamber 6 formed inside the hollow part 2. The cylindrical side wall 19 of the suction chamber 18 is connected to the upper wall 9 of the lid 3 at a flared opening 23 and has an internally threaded upper edge 24 in which a plug 25, with a sealing ring 26, is screwed. In this manner, the pressure chamber 12 can be filled by unscrewing the plug 25 and filling the suction chamber 18 with liquid up to a certain level, which is indicated by a level line and is in any case lower than the maximum height of the duct 22, By virtue of the principle of communicating vessels the impeller 13 is completely immersed and allows the priming of the pump 11 after closing the plug 25. Preferably, the inlet connector 8 and the outlet connector 15 are formed monolithically on the upper wall 9 of the lid 3 and have respective axes 8' and 15' which are slightly tilted with respect to the vertical so as to facilitate connections to external ducts not shown in the drawings. According to another aspect of the invention, the priming means furthermore includes a discharge chamber 26 which is located upstream of the pressure chamber 12 and is connected to it through the opening 26'. The outlet connector 15 is fitted directly on the discharge chamber. The discharge chamber 26, which is for example cylindrical in a position that is adjacent to the motor 14, acts as a siphon in the discharge circuit and prevents the water column that is present in the external outlet duct from forming air pockets that would prevent the priming of the pump every time it stops. Conveniently, the volume of the discharge chamber 26 is greater than, or equal to, the volume of the suction chamber 18 in order to ensure the perfect operation of the filtration device every time it is started, by virtue of the siphon effect. In order to further increase the reliability of the priming means on the suction side, it is possible to provide a labyrinth valve V shown in reduced scale in Figure 2 and in enlarged scale in Figure 7. This valve is formed by a tray S which is rigidly coupled to the lower wall 16 of the lid 3, and the lower end 8'' of the inlet connector 8 leads into this tray. In this manner, any air present in the filtration chamber cannot rise along the connector 8 and cannot produce interruptions or air pockets in this portion of the circuit. According to another aspect of the invention, the lid 3 of the device 1 can be coupled to the lower part 2 of the container by at least two, preferably three, lever hooks 27 which are arranged along the lower edge of the side wall 10 in angularly equidistant positions. Each hook 27 is formed by an arm 28 which is mounted on a substantially vertical pivot 29 which is parallel to the main axis of the device 1. Each pivot has an eccentric protrusion 30 that is suitable to fit, by rotating through approximately 90°, in a complementarily shaped seat 31 of the lower part 2 of the container. The seat 31 is constituted for example by a circular groove formed in the inner upper edge of the wall 4. The position of the eccentric protrusions 30 is such that in closed position each arm 28 is aligned with the outer surface of the container, whereas in open position it protrudes radially outward, clearly indicating this condition to the user. For the sake of completeness in description, it is noted that it is possible to form, along the respective coupling edges of the container 2 and of the lid 3, facing circular seats for accommodating an elastic gasket 32 that ensures the tightness of the device during operation. It is also possible to provide a supporting handle 33, shaped approximately as an arc, which can be rotated and inserted so as to fit flush in an appropriate seat 34 of the lid 3. Both the cup-like part 2 and the lid 3 can be generally made of identical or different plastic materials according to the specific requirements, by injection-molding or by any other known forming processes. In use, in order to perform the first activation of the device after appropriately connecting it to an electric power source and to the suction and discharge ducts of the tank, the plug 25 of the suction chamber 18 is opened, and the suction chamber is filled with liquid up to the preset level and then closed hermetically. When the pump is started, the liquid poured earlier into the suction chamber 18 is drawn by the pump 11 along the passage 20, drawing more liquid from the filtration chamber 6. The drawn liquid can rise along the vertical duct 22 after passing through the filtration cartridge 7 and the manifold 17. The liquid collected in the suction chamber 18 passes through the horizontal passage 20 and is fed into the pressure chamber 12 of the pump 11, and fills the discharge chamber 26, which acts as a siphon and from which it is ejected through the outlet connector 15. The presence of the suction and discharge chambers and of the labyrinth valve V ensures optimum conditions for quick and safe priming both during initial startup and during subsequent startup operations.

Claims: An external filtration device, particularly for filtering contaminated water of aquariums and ornamental tanks, comprising: a container (1) formed by a lower cup-shaped member (2) defining a filtration chamber (6) and an upper lid member (3) suitable to close the top of said lower cup-shaped member (2); detachable engagement means (27) for detachably coupling said upper lid member (3) to said lower cup-shaped member (2); a filtration element (7) located inside said filtration chamber (6); an inlet connector (8) and an outlet connector (15) formed on said upper lid member (3); a pump (11) arranged internally of said upper lid member (3) for driving the contaminated liquid from said inlet connector through said filtration element (7) to said outlet connector (15), said pump (11) having a pressure chamber (12); priming means (18, 20, 22) for priming said pump; characterized in that said priming means (18, 20, 22) are accommodated internally of said upper lid member (3) and have access means (25) for enabling direct access from outside of said container while maintaining said lid member (3) coupled to said lower cup-shaped member (2) via said detachable engagement means (27). Filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that said priming means (18, 20, 22) comprise a suction chamber (18) located upstream of said pressure chamber (12) and downstream of said filtration chamber (6) and a discharge chamber (26) located in said upper lid member downstream of said pressure chamber (12) and directly connected to said outlet connector (15), said discharge chamber (26) having a volume greater than, or equal to, the volume of said suction chamber (18) to ensure a siphon effect and to prevent formation of air pockets. Filtration device according to claim 2, characterized in that said access means includes a plug (25) removably closing the upper edge of said suction chamber (18) for filling water. Filtration device according to claim 2, characterized in that said suction chamber (18) is connected to said pressure chamber (12) by a substantially horizontal passage (20) and to said filtration chamber (6) by a substantially vertical duct (22) extending inside said suction chamber (18) up to a higher level than said pressure chamber (12) of said pump (11). Filtration device according to claim 4, characterized in that said discharge chamber (26) is located inside said upper lid member (3) in a position adjacent to said pressure chamber (12) and is connected to this latter by an opening (26') in a separating wall. Filtration device according to claim 2, characterized in that a labirinth valve (V) is interposed between said inlet connector and said filtration chamber (6) for preventing the reverse air flow through said inlet connector (8). Filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that said inlet connector (8) and said outlet connector (15) have end portions which protrude from an upper wall of said lid member (3) and have slightly tilted axes with respect to a vertical direction to facilitate connection to respective external ducts. Filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that said detachable engagement means (27) are safety engagement means enabling a determination, by simple visual inspection, of a status of coupling of said upper lid member (3) and said lower cup-shaped member (2). Filtration device according to claim 8, characterized in that said safety engagement means (27) comprises at least two lever hooks having arms (28) pivoted on a lower rim of said lid member (3) by virtue of substantially vertical pivots (29). Filtration device according to claim 9, characterized in that said pivots (29) are eccentric parts (30) suitable to engage in complementarily shaped seats (31) formed along an inner edge of said lower cup-shaped member (2). Filtration device according to claim 10, characterized in that said lever hooks (27) are arranged along the circumferential extension of said lid member (3) in angularly equidistant positions. Filtration device according to claim 10, characterized in that said lever hooks (27) are adapted to rotate between a closure position in which said arms (28) are substantially parallel to the outer surface of said lid member (3) and an opening position in which said arms (28) protrude radially outwardly with respect to the outer surface of said lid member (3).

Inventors: BRESOLIN VALERIO, LOLATO SAMUELE, BRESOLIN, VALERIO, LOLATO, SAMUELE
Applicants: HYDOR SRL, HYDOR S.R.L.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A01K63
IPC codes: F04D9, A01K63, B01D35