RETAIL THEFT PREVENTION AND INFORMATION DEVICE

Abstract: A device (10) and system for automatic identification of the item and for preventing the theft of the item. The device comprises a frequency activation circuit (22), a power source (28), a switch (48), a memory device (30) and transmitter circuitry (32, 22). The memory device stores a code identifying the product. The frequency activation circuitry receives an external frequency signal and generates an activation signal to couple power to the memory and thereby cause the memory to output the code. The transmitter receives the code and converts it into a frequency modulated signal. The device may also be secured to an item for the purpose of preventing theft of the item. In such a case a frequency reader activates a deactivating device to disable the frequency transmitter after reading the code. An alarm is located next to the exit of the building to activate an alarm if a frequency code is received indicating the presence of an item with an active device.

Description: RETAIL THEFT PREVENTION AND INFORMATION DEVICE FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the retail industry, and more particularly, to a device and system for detecting retail theft and for providing pricing information and inventory tracking for products sold in retail establishments and the like. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Employee and consumer theft is a significant problem in the United States. It is estimated that such theft costs merchandising retailers billions of dollars each year. These losses result in higher merchandise prices to the consumer and require the retailers to spend a substantial amount in an attempt to prevent, and minimize such losses. Many stores have hired and continue to hire security guards to observe and apprehend shoplifters. Similarly, many stores have installed video cameras throughout the store and have positioned monitors in a central location for viewing by a guard. Nevertheless, such systems suffer from significant limitations. To begin, stores are required to spend a substantial amount of money to install such systems and pay salaries to guards. Further, at best, most stores can afford to have only a few guards on duty at a given time. Thus, the guards are only able to watch a small fraction of the total customers in the store, even with video systems installed. Further, the use of such systems are wholly ineffective in preventing theft by employees. Thus, the use of guards and /or video cameras is a high priced, relatively ineffective means of combatting retail theft. In an effort to improve deterrence of retail theft, many stores have installed security systems which include a detection device located at or near the exit doors of the store and a passive electronic device affixed to the merchandise which causes an alarm to be activated unless the device is removed from the product prior to the customer leaving the store. Removal of the device requires a special tool which is typically maintained behind the sales counter so that the electronic device can be removed at the time of purchase. Once again, such systems suffer from significant limitations and disadvantages. A primary disadvantage is that the passive electronic device which is adapted to be secured to a product is bulky, usually a couple inches in length. Thus, there are numerous products which are simply too small to have such an electronic device secured thereto, such as a package of razor blades or gum, which items are the easiest to steal. Further, the passive electronic device typically has a releasable snap or lock which is only adapted to secure to products such as clothing. In fact, security systems of this type are primarily used in the clothing industry for this reason. Yet another disadvantage is the cost of such electronic passive devices. Because of their expense, the devices can only be secured to more expensive items, such as leather jackets or suits. Moreover, in retail locations such as grocery stores, consumers purchase a large number of items. Removal of a device from every item would require a significant amount of time, thus requiring additional clerks and possibly additional sales counters, thereby further driving up the cost of the products. Finally, a feature common to most products sold in stores is a bar code representing the universal pricing code (UPC). The bar code is printed on the outside of the product packaging, and is readable by a scanner such as a visible laser diode (VLD). The bar code identifies the product and its pricing in a computer system. When the bar code is read by the VLD at the point of purchase, the computer automatically retrieves pricing information and stores information necessary for inventory tracking. However, printing the bar code on the product is an additional cost which increases the price of the product. To date, there have not been any attempts to combine theft detection, inventory tracking, and pricing information in a single device. Objects and Summary of the Invention A primary object of the present invention is to provide a device which is extremely small and can be associated with, preferably implanted in, a vast majority of products, virtually -irrespective of product size, shape, and texture, to transmit a signal which activates an alarm to prevent theft of the product from the store. An equally important object of the present invention is to provide such a device which transmits a signal which identifies the product so that the signal not only activates the alarm but also identifies the product to facilitate automatic pricing and inventory tracking for the product. More specifically, it is an object to provide a device comprising a small integrated circuit which remains passive until it receives a frequency signal from an external device, and after receiving the frequency signal, the device becomes active and transmits the frequency code so that the device is compatible with existing alarm systems and visible laser diode (VLD) universal product code (UPC) readers, typically provided in most retail stores. In another aspect of the invention, it is an object to provide a system adapted to work in conjunction with the device to prevent theft of the product in which the device is implanted and to provide automatic pricing and inventory tracking information for the product. A more particular object is to provide a system using a conventional or existing VLD reader which transmits a frequency signal capable of activating the device from the passive to the active state, and which has circuitry for receiving the frequency code, thereby preventing the need to design and manufacture a new reader device. For the same reason, it is likewise an object to provide a system using conventional or existing alarm system that transmits a frequency signal which is adapted to activate the device of the present invention, and is adapted to receive the frequency code generated by the device to activate an alarm, if the device is not deactivated prior to the product being taken from the store. Thus, it is another object to provide a deactivation apparatus which deactivates the device of the present invention to allow the product to be removed from the store without activating the alarm. Importantly, an object is to use a deactivation apparatus which deactivates the device without removing the device from the product, in contrast to prior art systems, to allow the small device to be irremovably implanted in the product or its packaging to prevent removal of the device from the product which would facilitate theft of the product. To accomplish these and related objectives, a device and system for implementing the device are disclosed for preventing theft of an item from a building and for automating identification of the item. The device comprises frequency activation circuitry, a power source, a switch, a memory device and transmitter circuitry. The memory device stores a code identifying the product. The frequency activation circuitry receives a frequency signal and generates an activation signal. The activation signal causes the switch to couple the power source to the memory to thereby cause the memory device to output the code. The transmitter circuitry is coupled to the memory device to convert the code to a frequency code and to thereafter transmit the frequency code. If the device is used solely for theft prevention, any frequency could be transmitted to activate the security alarm. In another aspect of the invention, the device is adapted to be secured to an item, and is implemented in conjunction with a system to prevent theft of the item from a building and for providing automatic identification of the item. The system comprises a frequency reader, a deactivating apparatus, and an alarm. The frequency reader is located at a counter of the building for detecting and receiving the frequency code. The deactivating apparatus is also located at the counter for deactivating the device from transmitting the frequency code. Finally, the alarm is located near at least one exit of the building, for receiving the frequency code and for activating an alarm upon receiving the frequency code in the event that the device is not deactivated from transmitting the code prior to the item being taken from the building through the exit. Thus, the present invention overcomes the problems associated with prior product retail theft detection, pricing information, and inventory tracking systems. The present invention provides an extremely small integrated circuit device which can be implanted in or secured to virtually any product and which transmits a signal to activate an alarm if the device is not deactivated prior to the product being taken from the store. Further, because the device is so small, the product can be implanted in most products so that it cannot be removed prior to purchase without damaging the product or the product packaging. Moreover, ' the signal transmitted by the device to activate the alarm is a frequency code identifying the product which allows existing VLD readers to provide automatic pricing information as well as to provide automatic inventory tracking in conjunction with existing computer systems. Thus, the dual functioning of the device prevents the need to provide separate devices for theft protection and production information, thereby significantly reducing the price of the product. Further, the integrated circuits can be mass produced for a nominal price and therefore provide not only more effective theft protection but are also more cost effective than existing passive theft protection devices and systems. Description of the Drawings In the accompanying drawings which form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith and in which like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts in the various views: Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the integrated circuit device constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a product having the device implanted within the packaging, a portion of the packaging being broken away to reveal the device; and Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of a store showing a system adapted to be used in conjunction with the device to provide automatic theft protection, pricing information, and inventory tracking. Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring now to Fig. 1, a device constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is designated generally by the numeral 10. The device includes an integrated circuit which is shown in Fig. 1 in block diagram form. Referring to Fig. 2, device 10 has a miniature housing 11 to securely and safely enclose the integrated circuit. In another aspect of the invention, device 10 is adapted to be associated with, preferably implanted in, an item 12 or its packaging (shown in Fig. 2) and to be used in conjunction with a system 20, shown in Fig. 3, to prevent theft of the product and to automatically provide pricing information and inventory tracking of the product, as will be described below. Referring to Fig. 1, device 10 preferably comprises an antenna 22, a latch 24, a switch 26, a power supply 28, a memory device 30 and a voltage to frequency (V/F) converter 32. The antenna 22 is preferably a loop antenna which is adapted a frequency signal, such as would be emitted by a visible laser diode (VLD) or existing retail theft detection systems. Device 10 is therefore adapted to work in conjunction with existing retail apparatuses, as will be described below. The loop antenna produces a voltage upon receiving the frequency signal. Antenna 22 is coupled to latch 24 which outputs an activation signal in response to receiving the voltage from the antenna. The latch is preferably a capacitor which is charged by the voltage received from the loop antenna, and then discharges a current. Switch 26 is coupled to latch 24 as shown in Fig. 1. The switch connects and disconnects power supply 28 to and from memory device 30, respectively. The switch preferably comprises a piezoelectric material 31 coupled between the latch by connection 40 and a contact 42 by connection 44. The current supplied by the capacitor of latch 24 to piezoelectric material 31 causes it to expand and thus pushes contact 42 against nodes 46 and 48, thereby coupling power supply 28 to memory device 30. The power supply is preferably a lithium battery. The memory device is preferably an electronically erasable programmable only memory (EEPROM) which is programmed to emit a digital binary code identifying the product when the power supply supplies power to the input 50 of the EEPROM, and thus, when contact 42 is pressed against nodes 46 and 48 by the piezoelectric material. The EEPROM is coupled to V/F converter 32 by connection 54. The V/F converter converts the digital binary code to a frequency code. More specifically, the converter converts a low state binary signal to one frequency and a high state binary signal to another frequency so that an external apparatus can receive the frequency code and identify the product to provide pricing information and inventory tracking, as will be described in greater detail below. V/F converter 32 is coupled to antenna 22. Antenna 22 transmits the frequency code for detection by the external apparatus. An important concept of the device 10 is that it remains passive until it is activated by a frequency signal supplied by a VLD reader or an alarm system, thus preserving the lithium battery to ensure effective operation of the device at the time of purchase of the corresponding product or to activate an alarm to prevent theft of the product. Once the device is activated by a frequency signal generated by the VLD reader or the alarm system, the device transmits a frequency code which identifies the product and is readable by the VLD, as are conventional bar codes, or which activates the alarm to prevent theft of the product in the event that the device is not deactivated prior to the product being taken from the store. Further, because the device typically cannot be readily removed from the product, employee theft is also deterred. Device 10 is adapted to be used in conjunction with system 20 which comprises a frequency reader 60, a deactivating apparatus 62, and an alarm system 64. The frequency reader is mounted on the top of counter 66, which is shown as a checkout counter typical of many retail stores. The device is preferably a visible laser diode (VLD) reader which, in its conventional application, emits a laser light having a frequency in the light spectrum and is adapted to read a universal price code (UPC) printed on the packaging of or a label for most products which are sold in retail outlets. The VLD reader detects the bar code as the bar code is scanned across the laser light, as is well known in the art. In the system of the present invention, the frequency of the laser light is received by antenna 22 of device 10 to activate the device to emit the frequency code identifying the product, as described above. The VLD reader has existing circuitry for receiving frequency signals which conventionally would be the laser beam deflected off of the UPC bar code. Thus, the VLD is adapted to receive the frequency code transmitted by device 10. The VLD reader 60 is preferably coupled to a computer system 70 which has means for receiving the frequency code, converting the code to a digital signal, and for processing the digital signal to provide automatic pricing information and inventory tracking as is already well known in the art. The computer can also be programmed to provide an audible signal to alert a store clerk that the VLD reader has received the frequency code so that detection and automatic pricing is verified. After the frequency code is detected by the VLD, the product having device 10 implanted therein should be moved across deactivation apparatus 62 to stop the device from transmitting the frequency code, and thus, to prevent the device from activating alarm system 64 when the product is taken from the store. The deactivation apparatus preferably comprises a high frequency directional emitter which is also mounted flush on the top of counter 66. The emitter emits a high frequency beam upwardly from the counter, and is preferably mounted about a foot (!') behind the VLD reader to ensure that device 10 is not accidentally deactivated prior to the VLD reader receiving the frequency code. The high frequency beam destroys antenna 22 which prevents the device from receiving or transmitting frequency signals, and thus prevents the device from activating the alarm system 64, as will be explained below. The high frequency emitter requires a relatively large power supply, about the size of a car battery. Thus, it would be difficult, if not impossible, for a potential thief to inconspicuously bring such a device into a store to perform unauthorized deactivation of the devices on products in an attempt to steal such products. Finally, the system 20 includes the alarm system 64. The alarm system can be a conventional alarm system which is adapted to receive a frequency signal and activate an alarm in response thereto to alert store personnel that an item is being stolen. Such conventional alarm systems include parallel spaced apart bars 80 which have circuitry therein for transmitting a frequency signal. Conventionally, the transmitted frequency signal works in conjunction with a passive device, such as a loop antenna, which receives the frequency and in conjunction with other passive elements, generates a very low power signal. The bars 80 also included a receiver circuit for receiving the low power signal, which was coupled to an audible alarm which would be activated if a product bearing the passive device were taken past bars 80. Such bars are located near at least one exit, and typically, all exits used by customers of the store. Device 10 of the present invention is adapted to receive the frequency signal generated by existing alarm systems, such as bars 80, and, as explained above, the device thereafter generates the frequency code identifying the product if the device has not been deactivated. The frequency code is received by the receiver in bars 80 and thereafter activates alarm 82. In operation, the product having device 10 implanted therein is brought to counter 66 by a customer of the store. The clerk at the counter moves the product past the frequency reader 60 (i.e., typically a VLD) which activates device 10 and receives the frequency code from the device to identify the device to provide pricing information and inventory tracking in conjunction with the computer system 70. The clerk should thereafter move the product, and thus device 10, past deactivation apparatus 62 which prevents the device from transmitting the frequency code. The customer can thereafter take the product through the exit door of the store without activating alarm system 64. In the event that device 10 is not deactivated, the alarm 82 will be activated when the product is taken past the alarm system, such as spaced apart bars 80. When the alarm is activated, store personnel will be alerted that a product is being stolen from the store. It should be appreciated that device 10 could be used solely as a theft protection device. In such an embodiment, the memory device could be eliminated, once the device becomes active after receiving a frequency signal, as described above, the power supply could be coupled directly to a frequency signal generation circuit by switch 26. Such circuits are well known in the art. Because the digital memory is eliminated, the frequency signal generation circuit could be coupled directly to antenna 22 without the voltage to frequency converter. Antenna 22 would transmit the generated frequency to activate alarm 82. From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all the ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure. It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims. Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Claims: CLAIMS Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: 1. A device adapted to be associated with a product for preventing theft of the product and for emitting a code identifying the product, the device comprising: frequency activation means for receiving a frequency signal and for generating an activation signal; power means coupled to the frequency activation means for supplying power; memory means for storing the code, the memory means being coupled to the power means to output the code when power is supplied to the memory means; switch means coupled between the memory means and the power means, the switch means being operable to couple the power means to the memory means upon receiving the activation signal from the frequency activation means; and transmitter means for transmitting the code. 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the switch comprises a piezoelectric material coupling the power means to the memory means upon receiving the activation signal. 3. The device of claim 2 wherein the frequency activation means comprises an antenna for receiving the frequency signal and for generating a voltage upon receiving the frequency signal. 4. The device of claim 3 wherein the antenna is a loop antenna. 5. The device of claim 3 wherein the memory means comprises a memory device for digitally storing the code and for outputting the digital code upon receiving power from the power supply. 6. The device of claim 5 wherein the transmitter means comprises means for converting the digital code to frequencies representing the digital code, the voltage to frequency converter being coupled to the antenna so that the antenna transmits the frequencies representing the code. 7. The device of claim 6 wherein the frequency activation means further comprises a latch coupled to the antenna for receiving the voltage and thereafter supplying current to the piezoelectric material, thereby causing the material to expand and couple the power means to the memory means. 8. The device of claim 7 wherein the converter means comprises a voltage to frequency converter. 9. The device of claim 8 wherein the latch comprises a capacitor. 10. The device of claim 7 wherein the power supply comprises a lithium battery. 11. A system for preventing theft of an item from a building and for automating identification of the item with a single device, the system comprising: a device adapted to be secured to the item, the device having means for transmitting a frequency code identifying the item; frequency reader means located at a counter of the building for detecting and receiving the frequency code; deactivating means located at the counter for deactivating the device from transmitting the frequency code; and alarm means located near at least one exit of the building, for receiving the frequency code and for activating an alarm upon receiving the frequency code in the event that the device is not deactivated from transmitting the code prior to the item being taken from the building through the exit. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the device further comprises activating means activatable in response to receiving a frequency signal to generate an activation signal, a power supply coupled to the activating means for supplying power when the activation signal is generated, memory means for storing a digital code identifying the product, the memory means being coupled to the power means to output the digital code when power is supplied to the memory means, and wherein the transmitting means comprises means for converting the digital code to the frequency code and an antenna coupled to the converting means to transmit the frequency code. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the alarm further comprises means for generating a frequency signal adapted to be received by the activating means. 14. The system of claim 13 further comprising a computer means coupled to the frequency reader means for automatically identifying the product to provide pricing information and to store inventory tracking information. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the frequency reader means comprises a visible laser diode (VLD) which emits a laser frequency signal and which receives the frequency transmitted by the device. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the deactivation means comprises a high frequency directional emitter, secured to the counter to emit a high frequency beam upwardly therefrom, the high frequency beam being adapted to destroy the antenna of the device to prevent the device from transmitting the frequency code, wherein the VLD activates the device with the emitted frequency signal and detects and receives the frequency code from the device and thereafter the device is deactivated by moving the item over the high frequency beam. 17. The system of claim 13 wherein the device further comprises a switch coupled to the activating means for coupling the power supply to the memory means upon receiving the activation signal. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the switch comprises a piezoelectric material. 19. The system of claim 18 wherein the activating means comprises the antenna which receives the frequency signal and generates a voltage in response thereto and a latch coupled to the antenna for receiving the voltage and thereafter supplying current to the piezoelectric material, thereby causing the material to expand and couple the power means to the memory means. 20. A device adapted to be associated with a product for preventing theft of the product and for emitting a code identifying the product, the device comprising: an antenna adapted to receive a frequency signal from an external device and for generating a voltage in response to receiving the frequency signal; a capacitor coupled to the antenna for storing the voltage and for supplying current; a power supply for supplying power; a memory device for digitally storing the code and for outputting the digital code upon receiving power from the power supply; a switch coupled to the capacitor for receiving current therefrom, the switch being operable to couple the power supply to the memory device upon receiving current from the capacitor; and a voltage to frequency converter for converting the digital code to frequencies representing the digital code, the voltage to frequency converter being coupled to the antenna so that the antenna transmits the frequencies representing the code. 21. A device adapted to be used in conjunction with an alarm system of the type which transmits an energizing signal and activates an alarm if a return signal is received by the alarm system, the device comprising: means for receiving the energizing signal; means for generating the return signal- active to passive means for maintaining the device in a passive, unenergized state to prevent the generating means from generating the return signal until the energizing signal is received by the receiving means and then activating the device to an active, energized state so that the generating means generates the return signal; and transmitter means, coupled to the generating means, for transmitting the return signal when the passive to active means energizes the circuit. 22. The device of claim 21 wherein the passive to active means comprises a switch coupled to the receiver means to receive the energizing signal, and a power supply being connectibly coupled to the generating means via the switch such that the power supply is not electrically connected to the generating means until the switch receives the energizing signal. 23. The device of claim 22 wherein the receiver and transmitter means comprise a loop antenna and wherein the switch comprises a piezoelectric material. 24. A device adapted to be used in conjunction with an alarm system of the type which transmits an energizing signal and activates an alarm if a return signal is received by the alarm system, the device comprising: receiving means for receiving the energizing signal; power means, coupled to the receiving means, for supplying power; generating means for generating the return signal- switch means coupled between the generating means and the power means, the switch means being operable to couple the power means to the generating means upon receiving the energizing signal from the receiving means; and transmitter means for transmitting the return signal. 25. A method for preventing theft of a product from a store and for emitting a code identifying the product using a device, the method comprising: securing the device to the product; emitting an energizing signal to activate the device at a sales counter of the store; automatically transmitting the code from the device to a reader at the sales counter in response to the energizing signal; deactivating the device at the sales counter to prevent it from further transmitting the code after the code has been transmitted to the reader; providing an alarm at at least one exit of the store; automatically transmitting the code from the device to activate the alarm if the device has not been deactivated. 26. The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of coupling the reader to a computer system to receive the code from the reader and to thereafter provide pricing information and inventory tracking. 27. A method for preventing theft of an item from a store, the method comprising: providing a device capable of transmitting an alarm signal; maintaining the device in a passive, unenergized state to prevent it from transmitting the alarm signal; securing the device to the item; providing an alarm at at least one exit of the store; permanently disabling the device at a sales counter of the store to prevent the device from transmitting the alarm signal after the item has been purchased; and sending an energizing signal to the device from the alarm to determine whether the device has been disabled; activating the device to an active, energized state if the device has not been disabled to transmit a return signal to the alarm; automatically activating a visual and /or audio theft warning indicator if the return signal is transmitted by the device to the alarm.

Inventors: CORCORAN MICHAEL J, GEATZ MICHAEL W, ROBINSON DONALD G, CORCORAN, MICHAEL, J., GEATZ, MICHAEL, W., ROBINSON, DONALD, G.
Applicants: PAC SCAN INC, PAC/SCAN, INC.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G08B13
IPC codes: G08B13