A MOBILE ABATTOIR

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile abattoir, particularly for slaughtering and processing sheep and members of the deer family, comprising a towable, wheel-carried and covered vehicle which includes a machine room (11) which includes means for supplying electricity, water and heat distribution, a personnel room (50) and three processing stations, namely a first station (20) which includes lifting and transporting means for bringing a slaughtered animal to a first hanging and carcass processing position, a second station (30) which includes means for transferring the animal carcass from a hanging position in the first station to a lying position on a longitudinally movable processing bench (31), where the skin of the animal is removed from the carcass, means for connecting the carcass to a third station (40) which includes a movable transport part (15) and in which the carcass is finally processed while hanging from the path, whereafter the thus processed carcass is moved to a cooling space (60).

Description: A MOBILE ABATTOIR The present invention relates to a mobile abattoir, or slaughterhouse, as defined in the preamble of Claim 1. A mobile abattoir of this kind is known from SE-A-448,144 and is intended to rationalize the large scale slaughter and dressing of reindeer for instance, and to prepare the animal carcasses for dismemberment. Taking its starting point from the known technique, the present invention is intended to rationalize the slaughter of animals still further and to this end provides an improved mobile abattoir with which prac- tically all manual lifting work is eliminated while obviating the need to turn the animal carcass when proceeding from one processing station to another. Another object of the invention is to provide improved means which enable animal carcasses to be skinned in one working operation and the skinned carcass to be transferred from one processing station to another. Another object of the invention is to provide a towed vehicle which can be extended with the aid of simple means to include necessary cooling space for processed animal carcasses. Still another object of the invention is to provide a towed vehicle whose length and width lie within the dimensions permitted for country road and highway transportation, but which is so constructed as to enable the length and the width of the vehicle to be significantly enlarged when setting-up the vehicle for work of the nature intended. It is important that this change in vehicle dimensions can be effected quickly and simply. The main object of the invention is achieved with an abattoir having the features set forth in the characterizing clause of Claim 1. Other characteristic features of the invention are set forth in the subsidiary Claims and will also be evi¬ dent from the following description of a preferred exemplifying embodiment made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an inventive mobi1e abattoir; Figure 2 illustrates the mobile abattoir of Figure 1 schematically from above; Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of the im- proved abattoir in its working mode; Figures 4 and 4A illustrate the driven slaughtering bench forming part of the abattoir in more detail, namely in side view and from above respectively; Figure 5 illustrates the means coacting with the bench in Figures 4 and 4A for securing the hooves of the animal carcass, so as to strip-off the skin of the animal carcass with the aid of the movable processing bench and the elevator coupling; and Figure 6 is a perspective view of the cooling section combined with the abattoir. The mobile towable inventive abattoir is built on a three-axled wheel-supported chassis, and its forward part carries a towing bar 10 which can be connected to a towing vehicle (not shown) in a conventional manner. The mobile abattoir also includes a machine room to which access can be had from one short side of the vehicle. The machine room is referenced 11 and may include, among other things, a diesel driven electric power plant, a diesel-driven hot-air plant, a diesel- driven high pressure washing plant, a hydraulic pump, a water pump, an electric fuse box, one or more bat¬ teries, for instance 12-volt batteries, a water heater, a diesel tank, and a water tank. All of this equipment, and other equipment that may be installed in the machine room for running the abattoir are generally available and are not shown or described here in detail. Although not shown, the system also includes, of course, pipes and lines for distributing electricity and water within the mobile abattoir. The inventive mobile abattoir has a heated floor which includes a centrally sunken and covered waste conduit 13 having an outlet 12 which exits through one wall of the abattoir. The floor is covered with aluminium footboards. The abattoir walls have a sandwich con¬ struction and are appropriately insulated. Included in the walls are a number of discard flaps or hatches 14 through which waste can be discharged and which are all placed on the same side of the abattoir, i.e. along one long side thereof. Although not shown, suitable containers may be placed beneath respective hatches 14. When in tow, the mobile abattoir has a length which complies with restrictions concerning transportation on highways/motor ways, and can be extended both in length and in width to a working mode, as will be explained below. When in its working mode, the inventive mobile abat¬ toir includes a first processing station 20, a second processing station 30 and a third processing station 40. The abattoir also includes a room 50 for personnel and a cooling station 60 for finally processed animal carcasses. The different processing stations will now be des¬ cribed in detail. The first processing station 20, also referred to as the blood draining station, is the station in which an animal to be processed is first received. The animal is anesthetized outside the abattoir and a chain is then connected securely to one rear leg of the animal and hooked securely to a hinged lifting arm 21, where¬ with the hook means 22 is raised and swung inwardly and docked against a carcass hanging path 15 in the station 20. Subsequent to being transferred from the lifting arm 21 so as to hang head downwards from the first horizontal section of the path 15, blood is drained from the anesthetized animal and runs down into a gully 24, while the head is severed from the remainder of the body and is discharged through the hatch 14 and down into the collecting container (not shown) . The last section of the carcass hanging path 15 slopes downwards and enters the second processing station 30. The second processing station includes an elongated carcass processing bench 31 which has a special construction and which will be described below in detail with reference to Figures 4, 4A and 5. In principle, the processing bench is comprised of con¬ tinuous chains which pass around mutually opposite rollers 32, 33, and V-shaped supports which extend transversely between the chains. The processing bench is operated by an electric motor 34 which includes an adjustable variator. The carcass arriving from the first processing station 20 along the sloping section of the hanging path 15 is removed from the free end of said path and placed on its back on the bench-carried supports, with the rear end of the carcass facing in the transport direction A. The front legs of the carcass are severed at the knee joints, while the two rear legs are also severed at the knee joints, although not completely so that they still remain appended to the skin. Thus, a bottom part of the rear legs of the carcass will hang togeth¬ er with the carcass skin. As this takes place, the processing bench is advanced slowly in the direction of the arrow A. As clearly shown in Figure 5, the rear leg parts attached to the skin of the carcass are locked firmly in the bench and thus accompany the bench in its slow forward movement, at the same time as the free ends of the rear legs are secured to the bottom end of an electrically driven and obliquely upwardly moving elevator 35. The elevator 35 will then draw the carcass obliquely upwards at the same time as the parts of the carcass rear legs connected to the driven bench 31 will pass over the turning point (the front roller) so as to move in a direction which is roughly opposite to the direction of carcass movement, and therewith draw the skin from the carcass. Subse- quent to having stripped the skin completely from the carcass, the skin falls down onto the underlying floor and through a hatch 138 therein, whereafter the skin is removed for treatment, for instance to be cured and tanned. The processing bench 31 is shown in more detail in Figures 4 , 4A and 5. As will be seen from these Figures, the bench 31 includes a frame structure 130 which carries an end¬ less swivel- oint chain 132 which is driven by the electric motor 34. The chain 132 coacts functionally with opposing U-shaped devices 133, and two such opposing devices form an upwardly extending V-shaped support. The animal carcass to be processed is placed between the U-shaped devices longitudinally on its back. A number of such V-shaped supports are disposed in mutually spaced relationship along the chain 132. Each third V-shaped support 133 is provided, for instance, with a locking or latching means for secur¬ ing the rear hooves of the carcass. One such locking means is illustrated in Figure 5 and is shown placed on one side of a V-shaped support 133 and includes horizontally movable, opposing latch bolts 134, 135 which are positioned at a distance above the lowest point of the V-shaped supports 133, this lowest point presenting a short, vertical and central partition wall 136. The locking position of the latch bolts 134, 135 is indicated in chain lines in Figure 5, wherein the latch bolts are intended to retain the partially severed rear legs of the carcass, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 5. It was said earlier with reference to Figures 1 and 2 that the free ends of the rear legs of the carcass, which lies on its back on the processing bench, are coupled to the elevator 35, which is driven in the direction of arrow B (Figure 1). As will be under- stood, when those parts of the rear legs of the car¬ cass that are still attached to the carcass skin are held firmly by means of the latch bolts 134, 135 and the free ends of the rear legs are connected to the elevator 35 driven in the direction of the arrow B, two generally opposite forces will be generated, namely the force exerted by the endless chain 132 upon return movement of said chain (at the right end of the bench in Figure 4 or 4A) , and the generally oppositely acting force exerted by elevator 35. As a result, the skin will be drawn from the carcass and will accompany movement of the chain 132 beneath the bench, the upper side of which is kept free for effecting the same process on the next following carcass. As will be seen from Figure 4A, a conical plate 137 is mounted beneath the bench. This plate functions to bring the latch bolts 134, 135 automatically to a release position, i.e. a non-latching position, so as to enable the skin to fall to the floor, for instance through a hatch provided in the floor beneath the bench and opened through the medium of limit switches not shown. This hatch is indicated in Figure 2 and is referenced 138. When the skin is stripped from the animal carcass in the aforedescribed manner, no hair from the skin will come into contact with the skinned carcass and neither will hair fall onto the processing bench, but is deposited on the floor surface beneath the bench. This is extremely advantageous from the aspect of hygiene. The aforementioned automatic release of the push bolt function is achieved as a result of coaction between the conical plate 137 (Figure 4A) and oblique surfaces 134'' and 135 ' on the respective bolts 134, 135. The skinned carcass arrives from the elevator 35 to the third processing station 40, which also includes a hanging path 15, and the carcass will therefore hang with the rear legs attached to the hanging path 15 by means of a conventional butcher's hook or like device. The intestines or guts of the animal are removed in station 40, together with viscera, etc., i.e. lungs, heart, kidneys and liver, which are hung up separately for veterinary inspection. It will be evident from the aforegoing that those parts of the carcass which are removed in the various dressing or processing stations 20, 30 and 40 and which are not intended for further use are discarded through the waste hatches 14. An animal carcass that has been processed in accordance with the aforegoing and accepted for human consumption is passed to a cooling chamber 60 still hanging by its rear legs, as will now be described. The cooling space 60 (Figures 2 and 6) extends along essentially the whole of one long side of the mobile abattoir. In its simplest form, the cooling space is comprised of a hydraulically operable roof section 61 and a hydraulically operable floor section 61' (Figure 6) . In the inoperative mode of the abattoir, these two sections form what can be referred to as an outer long side wall of the abattoir. When the roof section 61 is lifted by means of hydraulic piston-cylinder devices. the roof section will lie in or generally in the same plane as the remainder of the abattoir roof. The floor section 61' is extended hydraulically outwards and downwards and the plane of said floor section lies in the same plane as the remaining floor surfaces of the abattoir. As will be seen from Figure 2, the roof section of the cooling space 60 is equipped with a number of mutually parallel hanging paths 62, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the abattoir and each of which has an end which curves to connect with a transverse hanging path section 62' which, in turn, can be connected to the hanging path 15' arriv¬ ing from the processing station 50, by means of a telescopic connection. A sliding door 63 enables the hanging path 15 in the processing station 40 to form a continuous unit with the hanging path 62 in the cool¬ ing space 60, thereby enabling dressed and processed animal carcasses to be moved easily from the process¬ ing station 40 to the cooling space 60. Up to 800 animal carcasses can be handled in the above manner in each working shift with a personnel of 6-8 members. The inventive abattoir also includes a well-organized personnel room. The personnel section 50 of the abat¬ toir is comprised of a telescopically extendable module. The personnel section can thus be withdrawn hydraulically into the main body of the abattoir in the direction of the arrow B and includes all the facilities necessary for personnel comfort. In the transporting mode of the abattoir, the longitudinally extending outer wall of the section 50 also forms the outer wall of the abattoir. The first processing or dressing station 20 can also be withdrawn telescopically into the main body of the abattoir in the direction of the arrow C, and can also be raised and lowered. The inventive mobile abattoir thus provides large handling spaces, which in turn contributes towards a high handling rate. The provision of a cooling space 60 enables a large number of animal carcasses to be stored in a satisfactory way prior to being trans¬ ferred to separate refrigeration vehicles. If so required, for instance in unfavourable weather condi¬ tions, the cooling station 60 can be complemented with extendable plastic sheets to form walls which will protect the hanging carcasses. As will be understood, the mobile abattoir also in¬ cludes washbasins for washing knives, etc., and also knife-sterilizing means. The abattoir will also be equipped with water-carrying hoses when considered necessary, including high pressure hoses. Downwardly swingable plastic doors and/or hot-air curtains may be provided between the first processing station 20 and the second processing station 30, for instance. The abattoir includes proper ventilation of the processing stations 30 and 40, in particular, which is achieved in a known manner not illustrated in detail here.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A mobile abattoir, particularly for slaughtering sheep and members of the deer family, comprising a towable, wheel-carried and covered vehicle which includes a machine room (11) which includes means for supplying electricity and water and for heat distribu¬ tion, a personnel section (50) and three processing stations, namely a first station (20) which includes lifting and transporting means for bringing an animal carcass to a first hanging and carcass processing position, a second station (30) which includes means for transferring the animal carcass from a hanging position in the first station to a lying position on a longitudinally movable processing bench (31) where the skin of the animal is removed from the carcass, means for connecting the carcass to a third station (40) which includes a movable transport part (15) and in which the carcass is finally processed while hanging from said path, whereafter the thus processed carcass is moved to a cooling space (60), characterized in that in the second station (30) the carcass is placed on the movable processing bench (31) with the front end of the carcass facing towards the first station (20), wherein the rear hooves of the carcass are partially severed beneath the knee joint so that the rear legs will remain attached to the skin, wherein the skin-attached part of the rear legs is detachably connected to the movable processing bench (31) while the free, severed rear legs of the carcass are con¬ nected to a lifting device (35) which slopes towards the bench and is located thereabove, wherein the direction of movement of the bench (31) and the direc¬ tion of movement of the lifting device (35) are gener- ally opposed to one another, and wherein the carcass skin is removed from the carcass as the carcass is transferred from the lifting device (35) to the third station (40). 2. An abattoir according to Claim 1, characterized in that the animal skin is entrained by the processing bench (31) which has the form of an endless, oval path, and is released therefrom at a position beneath the processing surface and is deposited, for instance, onto the ground through an openable hatch (138) in the bottom of the vehicle. 3. An abattoir according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the processing bench (31) includes a frame struc¬ ture (130) which carries an endless chain (132) which is driven by an electric motor (34) and which coacts with a plurality of mutually spaced and upwardly extending generally V-shaped support devices (133) between which an animal carcass is intended to lie; and in that a number of said V-shaped support devices coact with opposing push latch bolts (134, 135). 4. An abattoir according to Claim 3, characterized in that two mutually opposing push bolts (134, 135) are so positioned as to form in their locking positions a space whose upper part is defined by the undersurface of the push bolts (134, 135) and the lower part of which is defined by a surface that holds the support devices together. 5. An abattoir according to Claim 3 or 4, character¬ ized in that each of two opposing push bolts (134, 135) has a downwardly directed part (134', 135') which is intended to coact with a plate (137) located be¬ neath the processing bench in a manner to return the push bolts (134, 135) to a passive position. 6. An abattoir according to Claim 5, characterized in that the downwardly directed part (134', 135') of respective push bolts (134, 135) has an oblique edge surface which is intended to slide on a corresponding oblique surface on the plate (137). 7. An abattoir according to Claim 1, characterized in that one long side of the towable covered vehicle includes an extendable part (61) which functions as a roof of a cooling space, and an extendable part (61') which functions as a floor in said space, and in that a closable opening (63) permits communication between the third station (40) and the cooling space (60). 8. An abattoir according to Claim 7, characterized in that the cooling space (60) is provided in or adjacent to the extendable ceiling-forming part with rails (62) which are so disposed that a free end of at least one rail (62) will connect with a free end of a corre¬ sponding rail (15') in the third station (40). 9. An abattoir according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first station (20) is mounted for telescopic movement in one short side of the vehicle and/or the personnel part (50) is mounted for telescopic movement from the long side of the vehicle that is not taken-up by the cooling space (60).

Inventors: SANDSTROEM HOLGER, SANDSTROEM, HOLGER
Applicants: SANDSTROEM HOLGER, SANDSTROEM, HOLGER
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A22B7
IPC codes: A22B7