A SEALING DEVICE, A MOULD ELEMENT AND A PIPE

Abstract: A sealing device for sealing an annular space between two pipe and portions substantially consisting of concrete. One of the pipe and portions forms a socket having a substantially cylindrical inner surface and the other pipe end portion forms a spigot end which is axially introducible into the socket and has a substantially cylindrical outer surface. The sealing device comprises a sealing ring (52) consisting of an elastic material, preferably rubber, the sealing ring having a sealing portion (56) for sealing the annular space. The sealing device is adapted to be moulded into the socket at the cylindrical inner surface thereof and has means (84) for anchoring the sealing device in the moulded-in position in the socket. The sealing device comprises a mould ring (54) connected with the sealing ring (52) and adapted to be moulded into the socket together with the sealing ring with the sealing ring positioned adjacent the free end of the socket and the mould ring positioned axially inside the sealing ring. The mould ring provides the required receiving space for the sealing portion (56) of the sealing ring (52) when the spigot end is introduced into the socket and provides also the required space of movement for the spigot end introduced into the socket. The invention relates also to a moulding tool, a so called base ring, to be used when moulding a sealing device into a socket of a pipe end portion, and a pipe having a socket provided with a sealing device according to the invention.

Description: A sealing device, a mould element and a pipe The present invention relates to a sealing device for sealing an annular space between two pipe end portions preferably consisting of concrete, one of the pipe end portions forming a socket formed with a substantially cylindrical inner surface and the other pipe end portion forming a spigot end introducable into the socket and formed with a substantially cylindrical outer surface. The invention relates also to a pipe preferably consisting of concrete and having a socket with a sealing device provided at a substantially cylindri¬ cal inner surface thereof. The sealing device according to the invention is of the kind comprising a sealing ring of elastic material, preferably rubber, having a sealing portion adapted for sealing the annular space and a connecting portion as well as a mould ring connected with the sealing ring, the sealing device being adapted to be moulded into the socket at the cylindrical inner surface thereof with the sealing ring positioned adjacent the free end of the socket and the mould ring positioned axially inside the sealing ring. Thereby, it is preferred that the mould ring is at least in connection with the sealing portion of the sealing ring easily compressible so as to take up the deformation of the sealing portion and the adjustment of the position of the spigot end when the spigot end is introduced into the socket, so that the mould ring can be left in the socket when the annular space is provided by introducing the spigot end into the socket. However, it is possible also to arrange the sealing device so that the mould ring is removed before the annular space is established. Many different sealing devices of this kind are previously known. However, the previously known sealing devices have drawbacks of different kinds, for example with regard to the design of the connection between the sealing ring and the mould ring positioned axially inside the sealing ring. Thus, the connection is either complicated and costly to provide or the connection is insufficient with regard to its object of fixing the sealing ring in relation to the mould ring during the moulding operation. A further drawback of previously known sealing devices is that the connection between the • sealing ring and the mould ring prevents or deteriorates the correct function of the sealing ring with regard to the pattern of deforma¬ tion of the sealing ring, the desired lip function of the sealing portion of the sealing ring and so on in the case that the mould ring is left in the socket when the annular space is provided. In a previously known sealing device of said kind (DE-A-29 35 392) the connection portion of the sealing ring is of cylindrical shape and terminates in a radial end surface extending perpendicular through the inner surface of the concrete pipe socket. A mould ring is positioned at the inner surface of the connection portion and the sealing portion. Preferably the mould ring consists of polystyrene and is usually removed before the concrete pipes are jointed. At the front end of the sealing ring (seen in the direction of introduction of the spigot end) there is a radially extending retainer portion having a thickened end portion, which is moulded into the concrete and has the object of anchoring the sealing ring. During the manufacturing of the concrete pipe the sealing device consisting of the sealing ring and the mould ring is supported by the mould element (the so called base ring) . The mould comprises also an outer mould element and a core between which the concrete is moulded and compacted. The compacting is usually provided by vibrating the core and the vibrations thus generated are transmitted to the base ring and to the concrete. As a consequense of the vibrations there is established a tendency to the collection of liquid constituents at the interfaces and at these places it is also possible that there are formed air bubbles which remain at the interfaces. This risk is present especially with regard to the area below the radially extending retainer portion where air, water or oil (release agent for the mould) can collect leading to bubble formation in the concrete of the pipes. This risk of bubble formation is present, even to less extent, in the concrete area at the outer surface of the connection portion. Finally the vibration operation can cause that the mould ring is released from the base ring and floates up in the concrete leading to a cassation of the concrete pipes. In an other previously known sealing device (DE-A-33 40 569) the mould ring is formed as a projecting collar on the sealing ring, the collar being directly connected with the lip sealing portion of the sealing ring. The sealing ring has a retainer portion which as seen in the direction of introduction of the spigot end, is positioned in front of the compression or lip sealing portion of the ring and is of dovetail shape. This provides for a good anchoring in the concrete if there is not collected air bubbles, water and oil at the lower side of the retainer portion which might lead to bubble forming. The projecting collar of the previously known sealing device consists of the same material as the sealing ring and contains support elements having the same strength as the sealing ring. Thereby, the deformation of the sealing portion and the possibility of adjusting the positions of the spigot ends of the pipes will be substantially reduced. In a further previously known sealing device (DE 41 08 851) the mould ring is formed as a projecting collar on the seal and the mould ring comprises channels arranged in several rows. Radially extending anchorage means having dovetail shape cross sections are arranged on the sealing ring and provide for a good enclosure in the concrete if there has not been collected air bubbles, water and releasing oil at the lower side thereof. The object of the invention is to provide a sealing device of the kind mentioned above lacking the above drawbacks. In order to comply with this object the sealing device according to the invention is characterized in that the sealing ring and the mould ring are connected with each other by means of two concentric annular connection portions engaging each other, one of the connection portions being provided at the inner edge of the sealing ring and the other being provided at the outer edge of the mould ring. A connection between the sealing ring and the mould ring formed in accordance with the invention is simple and efficient with regard to its function of holding together the sealing ring and the mould ring during the moulding operation at the same time as it allows that the sealing ring acts in a correct way from the functional point of view in order to maintain its sealing function after the forming of the annular space between the socket and the spigot end introduced therein. In accordance with the invention it is preferred that the mould ring consists of cellular rubber or cellular plastic of elastic type. The cellular plastic of elastic type can be constituted by polyurethane or polyester. In a suitable embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention the sealing portion has a radially inwardly directed sealing projection having a surface facing an end surface of the connection portion of the sealing ring, said surface being of substantially the same radial extension as the opposite end surface of the mould ring. Thereby, it is suitable that the end surface of the connection portion of the mould ring and the corresponding surface of the sealing projection engage each other at the radially inner surface of the sealing device and for the rest constitute a space which is either uniform or widens radially outwards. Preferably the connection portions of the sealing ring and the mould ring engage each other by means of surfaces adapted to prevent axial displacement of the sealing ring and the mould ring in relation to each other. For example, this can be provided by forming the connection portion of the mould ring with a radially outwardly directed annular projection engaging a complementary groove in the connection portion of the sealing ring. Thereby, the complementary groove in the connection portion of the sealing ring has the function not only of preventing axial displacement of the sealing ring and the mould ring in relation to each other but also to provide a space which can receive the material of the sealing ring at the deformation of the sealing ring accompanying the introduction of a spigot end into the socket in which the sealing device according to the invention is arranged in a moulded-in position. In the case that the sealing ring is provided with a radially outwardly directed sealing projection it is suitable that the mould ring at least in connection with the sealing ring has its radially outer surface positioned in substantially the same axial plane as the base of the sealing projection and that the sealing ring is with exception of the sealing projection depressed in the socket after the sealing device has been moulded into the socket. Thereby, the sealing ring is in respect of its main portion enclosed in the socket providing for a well defined sealing function of the sealing ring. At its radially outer portion which is adapted to be moulded into the socket the sealing ring is formed so as to improve the connec¬ tion with the socket. This can be provided by means of retainer portions and/or surfaces, grooves and the like formed in a suitable way. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the sealing ring is anchored in the concrete by the fact that it is wedge shaped and more precisely the rear, annular, projecting surface of the connection portion is formed as an undercut anchorage surface which at the manufacturing of the concrete pipes extends upwardly so that air bubbles, water and oil in this area of the anchorage surface are easily forced away by the heavier concrete. The undercut anchorage surface is arranged in an acute angle to the peripheral socket surface of the concrete and is thereby well secured against radial displacement of the sealing ring. hen using a special light mould ring it is important that the mould ring does not float upwards. This risk is present especially in the case that concrete sludge arrives to the lower side of the mould ring through a gap when the concrete pipes are being manufactured. In order to prevent this a sealing bead is arranged in the area of the place where the anchorage surface extends through the inner surface of the concrete socket, the bead consisting of the same material as the sealing ring and thus being well adapted for providing a sealing effect. If the sealing bead is lengthened it can also form a projecting collar extending up to the radially extending bottom surface of the socket and completely or partly covering this surface. By contrast with the condition at previously known, projecting collars there is in accordance with the invention formed a wedge shaped projection in the concrete engaging the undercut anchorage surface and securely anchoring the socket seal. In order to provide a sufficiently large receiving space for the sealing portion and space of movements for the spigot end it is advantageous if the projecting collar has a support layer of sufficient thickness. This support layer can consist of cellular material or can be formed with radially and/or obliquely directed projections. In order to take up the larger pressures appearing at larger pipes the projecting collar can have a curved outer side. Thereby, the pressure from the liquid concrete will be taken up in a favourable way while the space of movement for the spigot end at the subsequent jointing of the concrete pipes will not be too much restricted as the projecting collar is from the inside soft to a certain degree. By choosing different materials and material thicknesses of the different portions of the sealing device it is possible to control the resiliency thereof so that the good movability of the spigot end is connected with sufficient support for the projecting collar when the concrete pipes are being manufactured. It is especially possible to provide that the resiliency is highest in the connection area between the sealing ring and the mould ring. In order to provide a sufficiently large, undercut anchorage surface the main portion of the sealing ring is formed substantially as an annular cone. When manufacturing the concrete pipes this outer cone surface is obliquely directed with some undercut, the heavy, liquid concrete thereby forcing away the air bubbles, the water and the oil when the concrete is moulded into the mould, so that the risk of formation of bubbles at the rear side of the sealing device is obviated. The size of the outer surface of the sealing device can be further increased by providing this surface with projections and grooves. If the projections and the grooves extend obliquely upwards when the concrete pipes are manufactured small air bubbles can in a satisfactory way be displaced upwards together with water and oil, especially in the case that the grooves have increasing radial size in the upward direction. The projections and the grooves contribute to an improved bond between the outer surface of the sealing device and the concrete when the sealing device is moulded into the socket. An undercut can be arranged in the compression or lip sealing area of the sealing ring. This undercut space can be used for fastening the mould ring which for this purpose is provided with a fastening projection. The undercut space can also be formed so that the sealing lip is supported when being deflected to a substantial degree which obviates the risk of withdrawal of the sealing lip and that the sealing lip is teared off. The sealing device according to the invention is adapted to be moulded into the socket by being positioned on a mould element which is constituted by a so called base ring, and by moulding the socket around the base ring and the sealing device positioned thereon. Thereby it is important that the sealing device has a well defined position on the base ring which is maintained during the moulding operation. In order to provide this the sealing ring and/or the base ring are formed with means for releasably fixing the sealing device to the base ring. This means can be constituted by cooperating grooves and projections, jags and so on but it is also possible to consider more complicated constructions, for example steel rings provided with recesses extending obliquely into the ' sealing device so that the sealing device is retained to the rings provided with the recesses, the rings being fastened to the base ring by means of bolts during the moulding of the concrete pipes. It is possible to use other releasable coupling elements than bolts. Another possibility of firmly fastening the sealing device to the mould element for the socket is represented by the use of ring segments or deformable boards extending over the bottom surface of the socket and retaining the sealing device by means of pins arranged in rings or ring-shaped bead elements retaining the sealing device for the time necessary. The board can also be designed for being disposed of. An improved fastening of the sealing device to the mould element during the moulding operation can also be provided by arranging in the sealing device some kind of reinforcement, for example a thread reinforcement positioned in the sealing ring and/or the mould ring. In accordance therewith the invention comprises also a base ring to be used for moulding a sealing device into the socket of a pipe end portion. The invention also comprises a pipe provided with a socket having at its inner surface a sealing device according to the invention. Different embodiments of the sealing device, the mould element consisting of a base ring and the pipe according to the invention shall be described in the following with reference to the accompany- ing drawings. Fig. 1 is an axial section of an embodiment of a sealing device according to the invention, the sealing device being positioned in a mould for moulding a concrete pipe while moulding the sealing device into the socket of the concrete pipe. Figs. 2 - 8 are axial sections of different embodiments of sealing devices according to the invention. Fig. 9 is an axial section of a pipe socket having a sealing device according to Fig. 8 moulded into the socket. Figs. 10 - 13 are axial sections of further embodiments of sealing devices according to the invention. Figs. 14 - 20 are axial sections of different embodiments of mould elements in the form of so called base rings and sealing devices positioned thereon including fastening means for defining the position and releasably fastening the sealing devices on the base rings while the sealing devices are being moulded into pipe sockets. Figs. 21 - 27 are axial sections of further embodiments of sealing devices according to the invention. Fig. 28 is an axial section corresponding to the sections of Figs. 14 - 20 of a mould element in the form of a so called base ring and a sealing element provided with a thread reinforcement positioned thereon. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1 the sealing device according to the invention comprises two portions, i.e. the device comprises an actual sealing ring 1 and a releasable mould ring 10 of cellular rubber or another material which is favourable with regard to its price, for example corrugated card board. In the case that no greater movability of the spigot end is necessary when jointing the concrete pipes the mould ring 10 can remain in place in the socket. The mould ring 10 has an outer surface 11, an inner surface 12, an inner end surface 13 and an outer end surface 14. The sealing ring has a compression or lip sealing portion 2 and an annular connection portion 3 having an inner surface , an outer surface 5 and (seen in the direction of introduction of the spigot end) an inner end surface 6. The radially outer surface 5 of the sealing ring is conical with increasing diameter in direction of the introduction of the spigot end or axially inwards. Thereby the annular connection portion 3 obtains sufficient thickness for providing the inner surface 6 with sufficient width. In addition thereto the inner surface 6 is formed with an undercut, i.e. the inner surface 6 partially covers the mould ring 10. The surfaces 5 and 6 connect with each other at an acute angle and thus, the surfaces form an annular wedge 7. Between the lip 2 and the annular connection portion 3 there is provided an undercut space 8. The inner, front side 9 of the seal extends obliquely in relation to the lip 2. The socket 20 has an inner surface 21 in which the sealing device is enclosed and further presents an inner bottom surface 22 in the socket and an outer surface 23. Between the inner surface 21 and the undercut, inner end surface 6 there is formed a wedge-shaped concrete portion 24, which makes sure that the sealing ring 1 can not be drawn radially inwardly. Thus, the undercut, inner end surface 6 substantially forms the anchorage surface of the sealing ring 1. In Fig. l there is also indicated a mould for manufacturing the socket. The mould comprises a so called base ring 30, a pipe-shaped core 31 and an outer mould 32. The manufacturing of the concrete pipe is conducted so that the mould is in an upright position filled with concrete mix which thus is filled from the area 25 upwards and displaces the air from the mould space. As appears from the drawing there are no pockets in which the air can be trapped. By vibrating the core 31 the concrete mass is subjected to vibrations making the air bubbles to move upwardly and leave the concrete mix. Such raising air bubbles are not trapped in any place, for which reason the risk of bubble formation in the final product is to a large extent prevented. Fig. 2 shows a modification of the sealing ring 1 of the sealing device. The outer surface 5 is provided with projections 40 and grooves 41 which to a substantial degree increase the outer surface. The projections 40 and the grooves 41 are arranged in an oblique position, i.e. they are directed radially outwardly and axially inwardly for making it possible for the air bubbles in the concrete mass to raise freely when the vibration takes place. For this purpose the grooves 41 can widen radially outwardly. The radial, outer surface 5 ca also be provided with a recess 42 also extending obliquely and widening outwardly so as not to prevent the air bubbles from moving upwardly. At the radially outer surface 5 there can also be provided anchorage means (not shown) extending outside the plane of the surface 5 into the concrete and obliquely directed according to said principles in order to improve the waste of air bubbles. In order to seal the space between the base ring 30 and the sealing ring 1, this is provided with a small lip 43 which is tensioned on the base ring 30 and thus seals the space. The sealing portion 2 of the sealing ring 1 can also be formed as a compression portion (without a pointed lip), as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the sealing device in which the portion 2 is lengthened by a bead 44 so that there is obtained a sufficiently large undercut recess 8 into which a projecting retainer portion 15 of the mould ring 10 can engage. There is also provided a sealing bead 46 (Fig. 3) in the area of the place where the anchorage surface 6 extends into the inner surface 21 (Fig. 1) of the concrete socket which when the sealing device is being moulded into the concrete socket 20 prevents introduction of concrete sludge between the sealing ring l and the mould ring 10. As shown in Fig. 4 this sealing bead can be lengthened and be designed as a projecting collar 47. This projecting collar can also be provided with projections 40 and grooves 41. There can also be provided an insertion connection 47a, 47b between the collar 47 and the mould ring 10 so as to fasten the collar to the mould ring during the moulding operation. Fig. 5 shows a special design of the recess 8 and more precisely this is in accordance therewith formed as a wedge-shaped space having wave-shaped limiting surfaces. When bending the bead 44 the crests of the waves 48 engage the troughs of the waves 49 so that the bead 44 is to a certain degree provided with protection from being torn away. Also the inner surface of the mould ring 10 can in the same way be wave-shaped so as to facilitate the introduction of the spigot end. The embodiment of the sealing ring shown in Fig. 6 comprises a sealing ring 52 consisting of rubber and a mould ring 54 connected therewith and consisting of cellular rubber or another material which is soft in relation to the rubber material of the sealing ring 52. Thus, also the mould ring 54 can consist of cellular plastic of an elastic type, for example polyurethane or polyester. The sealing ring 52 has a sealing portion 56 and a connection portion 58. The sealing portion 56 has a radially inwardly directed, annular sealing projection 60 having a front conical surface 62, an inner, cylindrical surface 64 and a rear, annular, radially directed surface 66. At its front end the sealing portion 56 has an annular, pointed projection 68 which at the front edge of the sealing device provides for a tight connection of the sealing device to a base ring on which the sealing device is placed as an introduction to the moulding of the sealing device into the pipe socket. The connection portion 58 of the sealing ring 52 has an annular groove 72 at its radially inner surface 70. This groove 72 receives a complementary projection 74 at the radially outer surface 76 of connection portion 77 provided on the mould ring 54. The groove 72 and the projection 74 of the connection portions 58 and 77 provide for a positioning of the sealing ring 52 in relation to the mould ring 54 in the axial direction. The outer end surface 78 of the mould ring 54 has its main portion positioned at some distance from the annular surface 66 of the sealing projection 60 providing a small space between the surfaces 78 and 66. At its radially inner edge the end surface 78 has an edge portion 79 engaging the surface 66 of the sealing projection 60. In the position shown in Fig. 6 the space is closed at its radially inner as well as at its radially outer edge. The radially outer surface of the sealing ring 52 has a substantial¬ ly conical surface portion 80 widening from the axially outer end of the sealing ring 52. The conical surface portion 80 and the conical surface 12 of the sealing projection 10 are related so in relation to each other that the sealing portion 56 has increasing thickness from the axially outer edge. The sealing ring 52 has an axially inner end surface 84 which is inclined in relation to the axis of the sealing device and forms as a whole a conical surface. As a consequense thereof the inner end surface 84 as well as the inner surface 6 will in the embodiments according to Figs. 1 - 5 be formed with an undercut so that it partially covers the mould ring 54. As is the case in the embodi¬ ments according to Figs. 1 - 5 this provides that the sealing ring 52 can not be drawn inwardly. Thus, the undercut, inner end surface 84 forms the main anchorage surface of the sealing ring 54. The conical surface portion 80 at the radially outer surface of the sealing ring 52 is formed with several parallel peripheral beads 94. The beads 94 act for improving the connection between the sealing device and the concrete material of the socket when moulding the sealing device into the socket by preventing the collection of air bubbles and other irregularities at the interfaces between the concrete and the sealing device. At its axially inner end the mould ring 54 has an annular, pointed projection 96 corresponding to the projection 68 and having like this the object of preventing penetration of concrete between the sealing device and the base ring on which the sealing device is placed when the sealing device is being moulded into the socket. As mentioned, the sealing device is moulded into the socket by being in a conventional way tensioned onto the base ring forming a part of a mould for moulding the socket of the concrete pipe and subsequent moulding of concrete into the mould, the sealing device being thereby moulded into the socket of the concrete pipe at the cylindrical inner surface of the socket. In order to reduce the risk for displacement of the sealing ring 52 of the sealing device from correct position on the base ring when the concrete is moulded into the mould as a consequense of the fact that the concrete hits the axially inner end surface 84 of the sealing ring 52 the mould ring 54 is at its inner surface formed with an annular, outwardly directed projection 98. The projection 98 which is of rounded shape guides the concrete outside the end surface 84 of the sealing ring when the concrete is supplied to the mould which reduces the risk of displacement of the sealing ring 52 from the correct position. In order to reduce the material thickness and reduce the stiffness of the mould ring 54 this is on the same height as the projection 98 provided with an annular recess 100. Like the embodiment according to Fig. 6 the embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention shown in Fig. 7 comprises a sealing ring 52a and a mould ring 54a. The embodiment according to Fig. 7 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 6 by the fact the mould ring 54a is connected with the sealing ring 52a by being received in a pocket formed by the sealing ring and defined by the connection portion 58a, the sealing portion 60a, a flap 102 connected with the sealing portion 60a and a thickened end portion 104 formed on the flap. Thus, the end portion 104 is manufactured from the same elastic material as the sealing ring 52a and forms after the sealing has been moulded into the socket a shock absorber between the spigot end introduced into the socket and the bottom surface of the socket. Because of the fact that the mould ring 54a is positioned in a pocket in the sealing ring 52a the connection between the sealing ring and the mould ring, provided by means of the groove 72 and the projection 74 can be omitted in the embodiment according to Fig. 7. Also the embodiment of the sealing ring according to the invention shown in Fig. 8 comprises a sealing ring 102 consisting of rubber and a mould ring 104 connected therewith, the mould ring consisting of cellular rubber or another material which is softer than the rubber material of the sealing ring 102. Thus, also the mould ring 104 can consist of cellular plastic of the elastic type, for example polyurethane or polyester. The sealing ring 102 has a sealing portion 106 and a connection portion 108. The sealing portion 106 has a radially inwardly directed, annular sealing projection 110 which like the sealing projection in the embodiment according to Fig. 6 has a front conical surface 112, an inner, cylindrical surface 114 and a rear, annular, radially directed surface 116. Also here the sealing portion 106 has an annular, pointed projection 118 for providing a tight connection with a base ring. The sealing ring 102 and the mould ring 104 are connected with each other by means of an annular groove 122 and a complementary projection 124. The radially outer surface of the sealing ring 102 has a substan¬ tially conical surface portion 130 widening from the axially outer end of the sealing ring 102. A cylindrical surface portion 132 connects with the conical surface portion 130 and forms the outer surface of the connection portion 108 of the sealing ring 102. The sealing ring 102 has an axially inner end surface 134 which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the sealing device. At its radially outer side the sealing ring 102 has two retainer portions 136 and 138 positioned at one end edge each of the sealing ring. The retainer portion 136 is constituted by a radially directed projection positioned at the axially front end of the sealing ring 102 and having a web portion 140 and a thickened portion 142 at its outer, free edge. The retainer portion 138 is constituted by an annular projection axially projecting at the end surface 134 of the sealing ring 102 and being pointed at its free end. The retainer portions 136 and 138 contribute to a secure retaining of the sealing ring in the socket after the sealing device has been moulded into the socket, especially when the sealing ring is subjected to the forces created when introducing the spigot end into the socket. Like in the embodiment according to Fig. 6 a sealing ring is in the embodiment according to Fig. 8 at its conical surface portion 130 provided with severeal parallel annular beads 144. At its axially inner end the mould ring 104 has an annular pointed projection 146 for preventing introduction of concrete between the sealing device and the base ring on which the sealing device is positioned while the sealing device is being moulded into the socket. After demoulding the sealing device according to the invention takes a moulded-in position in the socket 148 as shown in Fig. 9. When connecting the socket with a spigot end this is introduced into the socket 148, the cylindrical outer surface of the socket engaging the sealing projection 110 of the sealing ring and providing a compression of the sealing portion 106. The sealing projection 110 is folded into the socket while pushing aside the adjacent connec¬ tion portion 126 of the mould ring 104. Also the presence of the groove 122 in the connection portion 108 of the sealing ring 102 contributes to taking up rubber material which is displaced from the sealing portion 106 as a consequense of the compression of the sealing portion in the space formed by the cylindrical surfaces of the socket and the spigot end. When building up a pressure in the pipe line in which the socket with the sealing device according to the invention is included, the pressure will provide a sealing lip action on the sealing projection 110 by the fact that the liquid pressure forces away the relatively weak and resilient material of the mould ring 104. The design of the connection between the mould ring 104 and the sealing ring 102 according to the invention provides a secure and efficient positioning of the mould ring and the sealing ring in relation to each other during the moulding-in operation of the sealing device, during the pipe jointing operation and during the following activity for maintaining the tightness of the pipe joint. Also for the rest the design of the connection between the mould ring and the sealing ring contributes to a correct sealing function of the sealing device according to the invention by contributing to a displacement of the rubber material of the sealing ring in a correct way and to the fact that the sealing ring can provide an efficient sealing function by compression as well as by lip action. The embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention shown in Fig. 10 differs from the sealing device according to Figs. 8 and 9 only in the respect that the sealing device according to Fig. 10 has in its connection portion 108 between the groove 122 and the cylindrical surface portion 132 an annular, closed space 150. The space 150 improves the lip function of the sealing projection 110 by facilitating the radially outwardly directed compression of the connection portion 126 and 108. Thereby, the sealing projection 110 is more easy available to be influenced by an increased inner pressure in the pipe line in which the sealing device is positioned. The embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention shown in Fig. 11 differs from the embodiments according to Figs. 8, 9 and 10 mainly with regard to the design of the radially outer portion of the sealing ring 102. Thus, the sealing ring 102 according to Fig. 11 has a continuous, conical radially outer surface 152 which also this is provided with peripheral webs 154 for the same purpose as the webs 144 in the embodiment of Figs. 8, 9 and 10. At the conical surface 152 there is in the sealing portion 106 positioned an annular, dovetail shaped groove 156 into which concrete is introduced when the sealing device is moulded into the concrete pipe socket and consequently constitutes another embodiment of means for binding the sealing device to the socket. Thus, the groove 156 can be considered to replace the projection 136 in the embodiment according to Figs. 8, 9 and 10. The projection 138 in the embodiment according to Figs. 8, 9 and 10 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 11 replaced by a conical design of the end surface 158 of the sealing ring 102 preventing radial withdrawal of the sealing device from the socket, when the sealing device has been moulded into the concrete pipe socket. The embodiment of the sealing device according to the invention as shown in Fig. 12 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. ll by the fact that the connection portion 108 is like the embodiment according to Fig. 10 provided with an annular, closed space 160 having the same function as the space 150 in the embodiment according to Fig. 10. The embodiment of the sealing ring according to the invention shown in Fig. 13 consists of a sealing ring 102a and a mould ring 104a. The sealing ring 102a has a sealing portion 106a having a connection portion 108a and a sealing projection 110a. The mould ring 104a has a connection portion 126a which along a cylindrical connection surface contacts the connection portion 108a of the sealing ring 102a. The end surfaces 116a and 128a of th sealing projection 110a and the connection portion 126a of the moul ring, respectively, engage each other at the radially inner surface of the sealing device and are conical in such a way that the space between said end surfaces widens relatively much in the radial direction outwardly. The radially outer surface of the sealing device forms a substan¬ tially cylindrical surface in which the radially outer surface 130a of the sealing ring 102a as well as the radially outer surface 162 of the mould ring 104a are positioned. Grooves 164 and 166 are formed at the radially outer surface of the sealing device. Concrete can penetrate into these grooves when moulding the sealing device into the concrete socket in order to improve the fastening of the sealing device to the socket. The groove 164 is formed in the sealing ring 102a between the sealing portion 106a and the connection portion 108a thereof while the groove 166 is formed between two opposite surfaces of the sealing ring 102a and the mould ring 104a. Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17 illustrate different embodiments of sealing devices and mould rings according to the invention for improving the positioning and fixing of the sealing device in relation to the mould ring. In accordance with Fig. 14 the base ring 170 is formed with an annular groove 172 in which the inner end of the sealing projection 110 of the sealing device is positioned. This provides for an exact positioning of the sealing device on the base ring 170 as same time as the correct position of the sealing device during the mould-in operation is secured in a satisfactory manner. In accordance with Fig. 15 the base ring 174 is formed with teeth 176 which by engagement with the conical surface 112 of the sealing projection 110 of the sealing device fix a sealing device against sliding in the vertical direction. In the embodiment according to Fig. 16 the base ring 178 is formed with an annular projection 180 matching a complementary groove 182 in the sealing projection 110 of the sealing device. In the embodiment of the base ring 184 according to the invention shown in Fig. 17 the base ring is formed with an annular groove 186 in which the projection 118 of the sealing ring 102 engages so as to fix the position of the sealing device in relation to the base ring. Fig. 18 shows a further embodiment of the sealing device supported on a base ring 230. The inclined surface 209 of the base ring has a portion 209a extending in substantially radial direction so that there is provided a shoulder defining the axial position of the sealing device in the pipe which shall be manufactured. The surfaces 209, 209a so formed prevent the sealing device from sliding even when great vibrational forces are involved, as required when the concrete pipes have thick walls. When using such great vibrational forces also the mould ring 210 should be separately fixed. For this purpose three ring segments 250 are positioned in the area of the bottom surface of the socket which segments engage a groove in the mould ring 210 by means of a bead 251 and fix the mould ring to the base ring 230. The ring segments 250 can be releasably connected with the base ring 230 by means of bolts 252, but it is possible also to consider other rapidly releasably couplings for securely retaining the ring segments 250 to the base ring during the manufacturing of the concrete pipe and for subsequent releasing of the connection. Instead of three ring segments 250 it is possible also to use a deformable plate or an element of the disposable type. Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment of the releasable fastening means for the mould ring 210 and in accordance therewith these consist of stable rings or retainer elements 255 of for example steel distrib¬ uted around the periphery and engaging obliquely extending clamping slots in the mould ring 210. The rings or the retainer elements 255 have a wedge-shaped cross section and present a sharp edge so that they can be forced into the cellular material of the mould ring 210 for forming the clamping slots. Also here there are bolts 252 or other releasable retainer means for temporarily retaining the rings or the retainer elements 255. As shown in Fig. 20 the base ring 230 can be provided with grooves 256 and the mould ring 260 and the sealing ring 201, respectively, can be provided with complementary projections 257 for preventing undesired releasing of the mould ring from the base ring, it is possible also to position the projections 257 on the base ring and the grooves 256 on the mould ring 260 and the sealing ring 201, respectively. The engagement between the grooves 256 and the projections 257 is choosen so that the base ring 230 can by means of a predetermined force be withdrawn from the seal. Fig. 20 also shows a projecting collar 260 firmly connected with the sealing ring 201 and constituting a mould ring having an outer wall 261, an inner wall 262 and a rear, radial wall 263. Between these walls 261, 262, 263 there is arranged a support layer 264 which can be formed as a network of beams extending obliquely in relation to the walls and in relation to each other and providing the mould ring 260 with sufficient stability when the concrete pipe is being manufactured. As appears, the outer surface 261 can be inclined so that the mould ring is thicker at its upper portion for resisting the pressure established when the concrete pipe is manufactured and to be sufficient resilient at its central portion for offering movement space for the spigot end. Fig. 21 shows a further embodiment of the mould ring in which this is formed as a collar 260 projecting from the seal 1. The support layer 264 is formed by cellular material having a shore-hardness of for example 20. Also here it is possible to use a cheap replacement material such as cardboard layers. It should be pointed out that the resiliencies of the sealing ring 201, the support layer 264, and the walls 261, 262, 263 are different for controlling the degree of resiliency of the seal within the different functional zones. The resiliency is highest in the transition area 265 between the sealing ring 201 and the mould ring 260 so that there is at this point formed sufficient receiving space for the spigot end at the pipe jointing. In the embodiment shown shown the wall 261 is provided with a recess 242 having a projection 240 and a groove 241 in order further to reduce the risk of bubble formation. There can also be used a flap having a hook 271 for providing an additional anchorage in the concrete. Finally there is a further slot 272 for forming a lip 273 which is active at an inner pressure in a jointed pipe line. Fig. 22 shows an embodiment of the sealing device in which the wall 261 is of curved shape in order to resist the pressure from the concrete mix when the concrete pipe is being moulded. The support layer 264 is formed by honeycomb structure spaces each crossed by a bracing. The radial resiliency when there is a load from a spigot end is largest in the area 265. There is also shown a recess 242 widening inwardly for extremely well anchoring the peripheral wedge in the concrete. Also the end portion 274 can be of wedge-shape for being better retained in the concrete. Fig. 23 shows a further embodiment of the sealing device with a special design of the walls 261 and 262 as well as of the bracing for forming the support layer 264. It appears that triangular wall portions 266 are arranged in connection with each other and that the radial bracings 267 are of triangular cross section in order to provide certain weakened points 268 where the wall portions and the bracings are non-rigid and can be bent when the spigot end requires movement space. Also here there can be used different hardnesses of the material for controlling the resiliency of the seal, whereby it is also possible to remove portions of the wall. For example the strength in the area of the sealing ring can amount to 45 Shore and the hardness in the area of the walls 266, 267 can amount to 80 Shore. In addition thereto the sealing device can have a sliding skin 270 which can be constituted by a folding or a fastening portion (Fig. 24) filled with lubricant or a closed hose with lubricant positioned therein. Fig. 24 shows a further embodiment of the sealing device wherein different slits are shown, such as a slit 275 for connecting the prelubricated skin 270, a cut 272 for forming the lip 273 and a cut 256 for forming a hook 257 by means of which the seal can be retained to a base ring by means of a corresponding bead when the pipe is being moulded. Fig. 25 shows a further embodiment of the seal together with a base ring 230 having a retainer device 290, 292 for the seal. As shown in the figure there is a mould ring 280 having a curved, radially outwardly positioned rear side 281, a split front side 282, a wall 283 for contacting the bottom surface of the socket and a space 284. At the front side 282 there are provided lips 285 adapted to engage grooves 291 between a retainer ring or retainer ring segment 290 of an elastomeric material and the base ring 230. The retainer ring or the retainer ring segments 290 fit in the space 284 and have a cross section in a form of a truncated cone with a rounded end. By tightening the bolt 292 or another connection means the lips 285 are clamped in the slit 291 between the base ring 230 and the retainer ring or retainer ring segments 290. The grooves and projections 256, 257 described above serve as additional retainer means. At the demoulding the bolt 292 is loosened and the base ring 230 is displaced downwardly. Thereupon the retainer ring segments 290 are radially withdrawn from the space 284. The embodiment according to Fig. 25 is suitable especially for larger pipes and oval pipes wherein the ring tension is reduced as a consequense of the size of the seal so that the seal is at the moulding of the concrete pipe less good retained at the desired place because of its own tension. Fig. 25a shows the seal in a moulded-in position. A spigot 226 cooperates at the wall 282 with a secondary seal so that the space 284 is closed against dirt. Fig. 26 shows a double sealing device 300 in which two sealing rings 301 and 302 and a mould ring 303 are connected with each other. Between the sealing rings 301 and 302 there is formed a sampling space 304 which is accessible for testing the tightness of the sealing device in a laid pipe line. In order to retain the seal 300 during the moulding operation there is a retainer ring 305 which is releasably connected with the base ring 330 for making it possible to release the seal 300 moulded into the moulded concrete .element from the base ring 330 without destructure. Fig. 27 shows the double sealing device 300 in a moulded-in position. In Fig. 28 there is shown a section corresponding to Fig. 6 of the sealing device according to the invention wherein the sealing devic is positioned on a base ring 310. For securely retaining the sealin device on the base ring during the moulding of the sealing devic into the socket of the concrete pipe the sealing device is provide with a thread reinforcement. The thread reinforcement has the for of one or several threads 312 extending around the seal. The threa reinforcement can be positioned at one or more of the,places show in Fig. 28 of the sealing ring 52 and/or the mould ring 54 of th sealing device or at any other desired and suitable point of th sealing device. By means of the thread reinforcement shown in Fig 28 there is provided a secure fastening of the sealing device to th base ring during the moulding operation without the requirement tha the base ring shall be designed in any special way. The invention can be modified within the scope of the followin claims. This is true especially in respect of the connection betwee the sealing ring and the mould ring of the sealing device, whereb it is possible according to one's wishes to let the sealing ring an the mould ring consist of connected or separate portions in all o the embodiments shown in the drawings.

Claims: C L A I M S 1. A sealing device for sealing an annular space between two pipe end portions preferably consisting of concrete, one of the pipe end portions forming a socket having a substantially cylindrical inner surface and the other pipe end portion forming a spigot end having a substantially cylindrical outer surface and being introducable into the socket, the sealing device comprising a sealing ring consisting of an elastic material, preferably rubber, having a sealing portion for sealing the annular space, the sealing device being adapted to be moulded into the socket at the cylindrical inner surface thereof and having means for anchoring the sealing device in the moulded-in position in the socket, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises a mould ring connected with the sealing ring and adapted to be moulded into the socket together with the sealing ring with the sealing ring positioned adjacent the free end of the socket and the mould ring positioned axially inside the sealing ring. 2. A sealing device as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the mould ring is at least in connection with the sealing portion of the sealing ring easily compressible so as to take up the sealing deformation of the sealing portion when the spigot end is introduced into the socket. 3. A sealing device as claimed in claim l or 2, c h a r a c t e r¬ i z e d in that the sealing ring and the mould ring are connected with each other by means of two concentric annular connection portions engaging each other, one of the connection portion being formed at the inner edge of the sealing ring and the other being formed at the outer edge of the mould ring. 4. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the mould ring consists of cellular rubber. 5. A sealing device as claimed in any of claims 1 - 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the mould ring consists of cellular plastic of elastic type, for example polyurethane or polyester. 6. A sealing device as claimed in claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sealing portion has a radially inwardl directed sealing projection having a surface facing an end surfac of the connection portion of the mould ring and being of substan- tially the same radial extension as the opposite end surface of th mould ring. 7. A sealing device as claimed in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the end surface of the connection portion of th mould ring and the opposite surface of the sealing projection engag each other at the radially inner surface of the sealing device an for the rest forms a gap. 8. A sealing device as claimed in claim 7, c h a r a c t e r - i z e d in that the gap widens radially outwards. 9. A sealing device as claimed in claim 3, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the connection portions engage each other by means of surfaces adapted to prevent axial displacement of the sealin ring and the mould ring in relation to each other. 10. A sealing device as claimed in claim 9, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the connection portion of the mould ring is formed with a radially outwardly directed, annular projection engaging a complementary groove in the connection portion of the sealing ring. 11. A sealing device as claimed in claim 10, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the mould ring at least in connection with the sealing ring has its radially outer surface positioned in substan- tially the same axial plane as the base of the sealing projection and that the sealing ring with the exception of the sealing projection is depressed and enclosed in the socket after the sealing device has been moulded into the socket. 12. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the radially outer surface of the sealing ring widens conically from the end of the sealing ring which is closest to the free end of the socket when the sealing device has been moulded into the socket. 13. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sealing ring is at it radially outer portion adapted to be moulded into the socket forme so as to improve the binding to the socket. 14. A sealing device as claimed in claim 13, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the sealing ring has a radially outwardly directed, annular retainer portion at the end which is closest to the free en of the socket when the sealing device has been moulded into th socket. 15. A sealing device as claimed in claim 13 or 14, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the sealing ring is at its radially oute surface formed with an annular groove having at least one surfac inclined in relation to the radial direction. 16. A sealing device as claimed in claim 15, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the groove is undercut and is preferably dovetail shaped. 17. A sealing device as claimed in any of claims 13 - 16, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sealing ring has an axiall and/or radially directed annular retainer portion at the end whic is positioned at the largest distance from the free end of the socket when the sealing device has been moulded into the socket. 18. A sealing device as claimed in claim 17, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the sealing ring has at its axially inner en surface an axially directed, annular projection acting as a retaine portion. 19. A sealing device as claimed in any of claims 13 - 18, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sealing device has at the en which is positioned at the largest distance from the free end of the socket when the sealing ring has been moulded into the socket an en surface inclined to the radial direction and partly covering the mould ring, the end surface being adapted to prevent radial displacement of the sealing device from the socket. 20. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sealing ring is at it radially outer surface formed with several projections. 21. A sealing device as claimed in claim 20, c h a r a c t e r - i z e d in that the projections are constituted by annular beads. 22. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, which is adapted to be moulded into a socket by being positioned o a base ring and by moulding the socket around the base ring and th sealing device positioned thereon, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i that the sealing device is provided with means for releasably fixin the sealing device to the base ring. 23. A sealing device as claimed in claim 22, c h a r a c t e r - i z e d in that the fixing means comprises one or several projec¬ tions adapted to cooperate with grooves in the base ring. 24. A sealing device as claimed in claim 22 or 23, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the fixing means comprises one or several grooves adapted to cooperate with projections on the base ring. 25. A sealing device as claimed in any of claims 22 - 24, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a sealing strip is arranged in the area of the intended passage of the sealing device through the inner surface of the concrete socket, the sealing strip preventing penetration of concrete sludge between the sealing device and the base ring when the sealing device is being moulded into the socket. 26. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the mould ring extends to the radial bottom surface of the socket and partly covers this surface. 27. A sealing device as claimed in claim 26, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the mould ring has a support layer towards the interior of the socket. 28. A sealing device as claimed in claim 27, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the support layer is constituted by radially or obliquely directed bracings. 29. A sealing device as claimed in claim 27 or 28, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the support layer has a boundary layer towards the interior of the socket. 30. A sealing device as claimed in any of claims 27 - 29, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the resiliencies of the sealing ring, the support layer and the boundary layer are different because of different material thicknesses and/or material types. 31. A sealing device as claimed in claim 30, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the resiliency is highest in the transition area between the sealing ring and the mould ring. 32. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the materials of the different parts of the sealing device have different Shore hardness. 33. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that spaces of different sizes for providing different resiliencies are positioned in different parts of the sealing device. 34. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the mould ring has a radially projecting portion which is of substantially the same outer diameter as the outer diameter of the end of the sealing ring which is posi¬ tioned at the largest distance from the free end of the socket when the sealing ring has been moulded into the socket. 35. A sealing device as claimed in claim 34, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the mould ring has a curved outer side. 36. A sealing device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the radially outer surface of the sealing ring and/or the mould ring are provided with projections and grooves. 37. A moulding tool, a so called base ring, to be used for moulding a sealing device according to any of the preceding claims, into a socket of a pipe end portion, the sealing device being positioned on the base ring and the socket being moulded around the base ring an the sealing device positioned thereon, c h a r a c t e r i z e in that the base ring is provided with means for releasably fixin the sealing device to the base ring. 38. A moulding tool as claimed in claim 37, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the fixing means of the base ring comprises groove adapted to cooperate with projections on the sealing device. 39. A moulding tool according to claims 37 or 38, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the fixing means of the base ring comprise projections adapted to cooperate with grooves in the sealing device 40. A moulding tool according to any of claims 37 - 39, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the fixing means of the base rin comprises teeth adapted to engage the material of the sealin device. 41. A moulding tool according to claim 37, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by releasable retainer means for fixing the sealing devic to the base ring while the sealing device is being moulded into th pipe socket. 42. A moulding tool according to claim 41, c h a r a c t e r - i z e d in that the releasable retainer means consists of clampin slots in the mould ring, retainer elements in these clamping slot and releasable fastening devices retaining the retainer elements t the base ring. 43. A moulding tool according to claim 42, c h a r a c t e r¬ i z e d in that the clamping slots are arranged in wedge-shape wit an inclined extension in the mould ring and that the retaine elements consist of steel and have wedge-shaped cross section. 44. A moulding tool according to claim 41, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the releasable retainer means consists of rin segments or boards in the area of the bottom surface of the socket, the segments or boards being retained to the base ring by means of releaseable fastening devices when the socket is being manufactured. 45. A moulding tool as claimed in claim 37, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the base ring has a releasable retainer ring or retainer ring segments engaging spaces formed in the mould ring of the sealing device. 46. A pipe having a socket with a substantially cylindrical inner surface, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a sealing device according to any of claims 1 - 36 is positioned at the cylindrical inner surface of the socket. 0 5 0 5 d 5 0

Inventors: EKHOLM KENNETH, MEHL HELMUT, NEUMANN WIELAND, EKHOLM, KENNETH, MEHL, HELMUT, NEUMANN, WIELAND
Applicants: EKHOLM KENNETH, FORSHEDA AB, MEHL HELMUT, NEUMANN WIELAND, EKHOLM, KENNETH, MEHL, HELMUT, NEUMANN, WIELAND
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F16L21
IPC codes: B28B21, F16L21