LAPAROSCOPIC SURGICAL CLAMP

Abstract: A surgical clamp combination includes a clamp movable between a free state and operable state, the clamp including a pair of jaws which can be operated to occlude a body conduit. A clamp applier is adapted to releasably engage the clamp in the free state and to operate the clamp in the operable state to close the jaws. The applier has a housing disposed at a proximal end and a tube extending distally and configured to receive the clamp in the operable state. A shaft is disposed within the tube and movable between an extended position to engage the clamp in the free state and a retracted position to releasably hold the clamp in the operable state. With the clamp in the operable state, the shaft is rotatable by operation of a handle and aladdin screw, to alternatively rotate in opposite directions to open and close the jaws of the clamp.

Description: Laparoscopic Surgical Clamp BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to surgical clamp apparatus and more specifically to clamps and clamp appliers for use in occluding body conduits. Discussion of the Prior Art Alternatives to large incision, open surgery are becoming increasing important where they can provide reduced trauma and an increased speed of healing. For the patient, this ultimately equates to less time in the hospital which adds the economic advantage to these procedures. Surgeries in the abdominal area are now being undertaken with a technique commonly referred to as laparoscopic surgery. In this procedure, access devices are used to puncture the abdominal wall or lapra and to provide working channels for instruments to perform the surgery. These access devices, commonly referred to as trocars, require relatively small incisions and provide working channels in a range of diameters between, for example, 5mm and 21mm. Typical of these access devices is the trocar disclosed and claimed in applicant's patent U. S. Patent No. 5,209,737 issued on May 11, 1993 which is incorporated herein by reference. Since the objectives of the open surgeries and laparoscopic surgeries are often the same, it is not surprising that the occluding of body conduits is still of interest. However in the case of laparoscopic surgeries, this can be accomplished only with considerable difficulty due to the limited access provided by the trocars. Also, the confined abdominal cavity associated with laparoscopic surgeries generally requires additional retraction of organs in order to provide an enlarged surgical field. Surgical clamps of the past have been adapted for open surgery wherein the size of the clamp is not constrained by the inside diameter of a trocar. These clamps commonly include long legs which form the jaws of the clamp and opposing smaller arms which are pivotal with the legs on a fulcrum disposed therebetween. These clamps are typically operable by a clamp applier which has a scissor configuration. The scissors of the applier in an open state engage the arms of the clamp and compress those arms to open the legs of the clamp. Unfortunately, with this configuration, either the long legs of the clamp are spread or the scissors are spread. In either case, this combination is not adapted for use with the narrow diameters offered by laparoscopic trocars. The engagement mechanisms associated with these clamp systems of the prior art are also inappropriate for laparoscopic surgery. In the past, the clamp applier loosely engaged the clamp, this presented no problem to open surgery where one could merely reach into the cavity and retrieve a loose clamp. However, in laparoscopic surgery, the relatively closed surgical environment cannot tolerate this possibility of undesirable separation of the clamp from the applier. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These disadvantages of the prior art are overcome with the present invention which includes a novel surgical clamp and associated clamp applier both of which are insertable through a trocar. The clamp is provided with an elongate cylindrical configuration having an axis extending between the proximal end and a distal end. The clamp has two jaws which are relatively movable between an open state and a closed state. The first jaw may be formed as an extension of a supporting structure at the proximal end of the clamp, while the second jaw is pivotal on either the supporting structure or the first jaw. The second jaw is biased to an open state and includes a beveled surface which faces inwardly at the proximal end of the clamp. An axial screw is rotatable on the supporting structure and moves axially distally to contact the beveled surface. Further rotation of the screw performs a camming action with the beveled surface to close the second jaw against the first jaw. An annulus provided at the proximal end of the screw provides for positive engagement with the clamp applier. The clamp applier includes a housing and an elongate tube which is sized and configured to move through the trocar. The clamp applier also includes an engagement mechanism having a hook which can be advanced to engage the annulus of the clamp. Retraction of the engagement mechanism moves the clamp into a rigid operative position on the applier. Biasing means and locking means cooperate to retain the clamp in the operative position. In this operative position the engagement mechanism can be rotated to open and close the jaws of the clamp. A handle is provided on the housing and movable in a single direction. An aladdin screw is employed so that this single direction of movement can be converted into either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the engagement mechanism. In one aspect of the invention a surgical clamp has an axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end. The clamp includes a support structure together with first and second opposed jaws which are coupled to the support structure. The jaws are disposed at the distal end of the clamp and are operable between an open state, wherein the jaws are spaced to accept a body conduit, and a closed state, wherein the jaws are proximate to occlude the body conduit. The clamp also includes means movable relative to the support structure for engaging at least the second jaw of the clamp to move the second jaw relative to the first jaw between the open state and the closed state. In another aspect of the invention, a surgical clamp combination includes a clamp having an axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end. The clamp includes a support structure and a pair of jaws disposed at the distal end of the clamp and movable between an open position and a closed position. Moving means is operable from the distal end of the clamp for moving the jaws between the open position and the closed position. A clamp applier having an axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end includes a tube and engaging means disposed within the tube for engaging the moving means at the proximal end of the clamp. Operating means disposed at the proximal end of the applier functions to rotate the engaging means in the retracted state to move the jaws of the clamp. In another aspect of the invention, a surgical clamp combination includes a surgical clamp movable between a free state and an operable state. A clamp applier is adapted to releasibly engage the clamp in the free state and to operate the clamp in the operable state to releasibly occlude a body conduit. The applier has a housing disposed at a proximal end and a tube extending toward a distal end and configured to receive the clamp in the operable state. Engaging means is disposed within the tube for engaging the clamp. The combination also includes means for moving the engaging means between an extended position wherein the engaging means can engage the clamp in the free state, and a retracted position wherein the clamp is releasibly held in the operable state. A method for operating the clamp to occlude a body conduit provides another aspect of the invention. This method includes the step of providing the clamp with a pair of jaws openable to receive the body conduit and closeable to occlude the body conduit. A clamp applier is also provided which has a housing and elongate tube with a distal end extending from the housing and a shaft movable within the tube. By advancing the shaft to an extended position wherein a distal end of the shaft extends beyond the distal end of the tube, the clamp can be engaged with the distal end of the shaft. Retracting the shaft and the clamp to a retracted position and operating the shaft to open the jaws of the clamp enables one to position the clamp over a body conduit. Then, by operating the shaft to close the jaws of the clamp, the body conduit can be occluded. These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more apparent with a description of preferred embodiments and reference to the associated drawings. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a clamp being applied by a clamp applier through a trocar to occlude a body conduit; Fig. 2 is an axial cross-section view of one embodiment of the clamp illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an axial cross-section view of one embodiment of the clamp applier illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an axial cross-section view of the applier showing a rotatable shaft deployed to an extended position; Fig. 5 is a radial cross-section view taken along lines 5-5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the clamp aligned for engagement by the rotatable shaft of the clamp applier; Fig. 7 is an elevation view of the proximal end of the clamp taken along lines 7-7 of Fig. 4; Fig. 8 is an elevation view of the distal end of the clamp applier taken along lines 8-8 of Fig. 4; Fig. 9 is a side view, partially in phantom, of the clamp operatively disposed on the clamp applier, and a handle operated to close the clamp; Fig. 10 is a side view partially in phantom similar to Fig. 9 with the handle operated to open the jaws of the clamp; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the abdominal cavity illustrating the placement of outer clamps in a bowelectomy procedure; Fig. 12 is a perspective view similar to Fig. 11 showing the placement of inner clamps in the procedure; Fig. 13 is a perspective view similar to Fig. 11 illustrating the removal of a bowel section from the abdominal cavity; and Fig. 14 is a perspective view similar to Fig. 11 illustrating the suturing of the bowel following removal of the bowel section. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A surgical clamp and clamp applier are illustrated in Figure 1 and designated respectively by the reference numerals 10 and 12. The clamp 10 has a generally cylindrical configuration with an axis 14 extending between a proximal end 16 and a distal end 18. The clamp applier 12 includes a housing 21 and a tube 23 which extends distally of the housing 21 along an axis 25. The tube 23 and the clamp 10 are sized and configured to fit through a trocar 27 which has been positioned to provide access across the lapra or abdominal wall 30. Both the trocar 27 and the laparoscopic surgical procedure are described in greater detail in applicant's U. S. Patent No. 5,209,737 issued on May 11, 1993 and entitled Lever Actuated Septum Seal. Within the abdominal cavity, the clamp applier can be operated to open and close the clamp 10 about a body conduit, such as a bowel 32. Once the clamp 10 is attached to the bowel 32 it can function not only to occlude but also to cooperate with a retractor to move the bowel to a new location within the abdominal cavity. In Figure 2, the clamp 10 is illustrated in an axial cross-section view to include a supporting structure 34 and a pair of jaws 36 and 38. In the illustrated embodiment, the jaw 36 is formed as an extension of the supporting structure 34, while the jaw 38 is pivotal on the jaw 36 at a hinge 41. The jaws 36 and 38 extend longitudinally toward the distal end 18 of the clamp 10 where one of the jaws, such as the jaw 38 is provided with an overhang 43. As the jaw 38 moves into proximity with the jaw 36, the overhang 43 encloses the bowel 32 prior to complete occlusion. This insures that the bowel 32 is captured between the jaws 36, 38 as the final occluding pressure is applied. At the proximal end of the jaw 38, distally of the supporting structure 34, the jaw 38 is provided with a beveled surface 45 which faces inwardly toward the axis 14 of the clamp 10. This surface 45 functions in a camming action with a screw 47 which is rotatable within the supporting structure 34. In the preferred embodiment, the screw 47 is disposed for movement along the axis 14 of the clamp 10. As the screw 47 is rotated it moves axially through the supporting structure 34 to engage the beveled surface 45. Further axial movement of the screw 47 forces the jaw 38 to pivot on the hinge 41. This pivotal movement moves the jaw 38 from an open state illustrated in Figure 2, wherein the jaw 38 is spaced from the jaw 36, to a closed state illustrated in Figure 1 wherein the jaw 38 is brought into proximity with the jaw 36. In the closed state, the body conduit, such as the bowel 32, which is disposed between the jaws 36 and 38, is at least partially occluded. Soft inserts 50 can be provided along the jaws 36 and 38 to reduce trauma to the bowel 32. A spring 52 can be provided in the hinge 41 in order to bias the jaws 36 and 38 to the open position. When the screw 47 is retracted, the jaw 38 will automatically separate from the jaw 36. When the screw 47 is advanced, the jaw 38 moves toward the jaw 36 against the bias of the spring 52. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), both of the jaws 36 and 38 are pivotal along the supporting structure 34 and include bevel surfaces, such as surface 45, which are engagable by the screw 47 to open and close the jaws 36, 38. At the proximal end of the screw 47, an annulus 54 can be provide in order to facilitate attachment to the clamp applier 12. The annulus 54 preferrably has an axis 55 which perpendicularly intersects the axis 14 of the clamp 10. The clamp applier 12 is illustrated in the axial cross-section view of Figure 3 which shows the interior regions of the housing 21 and the tube 23. The tube 23 is attached to the distal end of the housing 21 where a distal wall 56 extends generally perpendicular to the axis 25. A shaft 58 extends through the tube 23 and proximally through a hole 61 in the distal wall 56 into the housing 21. Within the housing 21, the shaft 58 extends through a wafer 61 and terminates in the distal end of an aladdin screw 63. At its proximal end, the diameter of the aladdin screw 63 is decreased to define a proximal facing shoulder 65, increased to define a distally facing shoulder 67, and enlarged again at a distally facing shoulder 69 formed on a terminal lug 70. The aladdin screw 63 has an outer cylindrical surface which is provided with counter-rotating spiral grooves 72 and 74. A trigger 81 pivotal on the housing 21 operates a pair of fingers 83 an 85. These fingers are closely spaced to receive the reduced diameter of the aladdin screw 63 between the shoulders 65 and 67. A handle 90 fixed to the housing 21 provides support, in the palm of a user's hand (not shown), against which the trigger 81 can be operated. Pulling the trigger causes the fingers 83, 85 to engage the proximally facing shoulder 65 and to move the aladdin screw 63 and associated shaft 58 distally as illustrated in Figure 4. With the wafer 61 fixed to the shaft 58 and the wall 56 fixed to the housing 21, a compression spring 92 disposed therebetween around the shaft 58 functions to bias the aladdin screw 63 and shaft 58 toward a proximal retracted position. This proximal position is illustrated in Figure 3 along with a locking mechanism which functions to maintain the screw 63 and the shaft 58 in the proximal position. The locking mechanism includes a second trigger 96 and a pair of fingers 98 and 101 which engage the aladdin screw between the shoulders 67 and 69. In a preferred embodiment, these fingers 98, 101 extend perpendicular to the axis 25 and abut the distally facing shoulder 69 to hold the terminal lug 70 in a locked proximal position. When the trigger 96 is in a distal position, spaced from the handle 90, the aladdin screw 63 and shaft 58 are locked in the proximal position. When the screw 96 is pulled against the handle 90 as illustrated in Figure 4, the fingers 98 and 101 are removed from the terminal lug 70 to permit distal movement of the screw 63 and shaft 58. When both of the triggers 81 and 96 are moved against the handle 90, the trigger 96 initially releases the lock as the trigger 81 deploys the screw 93 and shaft 58 to the distal extended position. The proximal and distal positions of the shaft 58 are best described with reference to the distal end of the shaft 58 which is formed in the shape of a hook 110. In a preferred embodiment, the distal end of the hook 110 includes a terminal portion 112 which extends generally perpendicular to the axis 25. The hook 110 is sized and configured to engage the annulus 54 at the proximal end of the clamp 10. Thus the hook 110 and shaft 58 function as an engagement mechanism for initially engaging the clamp 10 and ultimately moving the clamp into operative disposition relative to the tube 23. The trigger 81 functions to deploy this engaging mechanism to the distal position wherein the hook 110 extends beyond the end of the tube 23. In this position the terminal end 112 of the hook 110 is accessible for insertion into the annulus 54. In Figure 6, the clamp 10 is illustrated in a free state wherein it is not attached to the clamp applier 12. Once the hook 110 engages the annulus 54 and the trigger 81 is released, however, the spring 92 functions to move the shaft 58 and hook 110 to the proximal position drawing the annulus 54 of the clamp 10 into the tube 23. In a preferred embodiment, this brings the clamp 10 into abutting relationship with the distal end of the tube 23 wherein the axes 14 and 25 are aligned to facilitate insertion through the trocar 27. It will be apparent that the clamp 10 can be otherwise engaged by the shaft 58 of the applier 12 in a locking but operative position. In general, the screw 47 needs to be positively engaged by the shaft 58 so that the clamp 10 cannot be accidentally dropped into the abdominal cavity. This positive engagement between the clamp 10 and shaft 58 must also be capable of transmitting the rotational movement of the shaft 58 to the screw 47. In this operative position, the supporting structure 34 of the clamp 10 can be held against axial movement by the locking mechanism including the trigger 96. The supporting structure of the clamp 10 is held against rotational movement relative to the tube 23 by a key 114 on the supporting structure 34 and associated key way 116 on the tube 23. In a preferred embodiment, the key 114 is formed with four sides which are equally spaced around and inclined proximally toward the axis 14. This key 114 registers with similar surfaces which are formed on the inside of the tube 23 and define the key way 116. At the base of the key 114, the supporting structure 34 forms a proximally facing shoulder 118, best illustrated in Figure 2. This shoulder 118 is adapted to register with a distal surface 121 on the tube 23. Other configurations for the key 114 and key way 116 will be apparent. In general, it is desirable that the key 114 can be tapered inwardly, proximally in order to achieve axial alignment of the clamp 10 and tube 23. Any noncircular shape for the key 114 and key way 116 would appear to inhibit rotational movement between the clamp 10 and tube 23. When the clamp 10 is operatively disposed, the annulus 54 is engaged by the hook 110 interiorly of the tube 23. The key 114 registers with the key way 116, and the shoulder 118 is in abutting relationship with the surface 121. With the proximal bias on the shaft 58, the clamp 10 is automatically moved to this operative position where it can be locked in place by operation of the trigger 96. Once the clamp 10 is operatively disposed at the distal end of the clamp applier 12, it will normally be desirable to operate the screw 47 in order to open and close the jaw 38. This rotation of the screw 47 is accomplished in a preferred embodiment by rotating the shaft 58. For example, as illustrated in Figure 3, a second handle 130 can be provided on the housing 21 for engagement by the fingers of a user's hand. This handle is fixed to a follower block 132 which is movable along the housing 21 in cooperation with the aladdin screw 63. This follower block 132 includes a follower 133 movable between two positions by operation of a tab 134 which is accessible outside the housing 21. In accordance with the normal operation of an aladdin screw, the tab 134 is operable to bring the follower 133 into registration with one of the grooves 72 and 74. When the follower 133 engages the groove 74 for example, movement of the handle 130 toward the handle 90 causes the aladdin screw 63 to rotate in a clockwise direction. This causes the shaft 58 to rotate in a clockwise direction and to advance the screw 47 of the clamp 10 toward the beveled surface 45. When the tab 134 is operated to move the follower into engagement with the groove 72, movement of the handle 130 toward the handle 90 rotates the aladdin screw 63 in a counter-clockwise direction. This causes the shaft 58 to move counter-clockwise and the screw 47 to be withdrawn from the beveled surface 45 permitting the jaws 36, 38 the open. Thus the aladdin screw and associated follower 133, tab 34 and handle 130 function so that the linear movement of the handle 130 is converted into rotational movement of the shaft 58. In this particular embodiment, movement of the handle 130 in a single direction, toward the handle 90, can produce either clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation of the shaft 58 depending on the position of the tab 134 and associated follower 133. In a preferred method associated with the invention, the clamp 10 is initially in a free state, unattached to the clamp applier 12. In order to prepare the applier 12 to receive the clamp 10, the shaft 58 initially must be unlocked. This requires that the trigger 96 be pulled against the handle 20 in order to remove the fingers 98, 101 from the shoulder 69 of the terminal lug 70. Thus operation of the trigger 96 elevates the fingers 98, 101 as illustrated in Figure 4, to free the shaft 58 for axial movement along the axis 25. In this unlocked state, the shaft 58 is biased in the retracted position so that operation of the trigger 81 is required to deploy the hook 110. By pulling the trigger 81 against the handle 90, the fingers 83, 85 are brought into engagement with the shoulder 65. Further proximal movement of the trigger 81 moves the aladdin screw 63 and shaft 58 against the bias of the spring 92 to the extended position illustrated in Figure 4. In this extended position, the terminal end 112 of the hook 110 can be introduced through the annulus 54 to engage the clamp 10. When the trigger 81 is released, the bias of the spring 92 moves the shaft and aladdin screw 63 toward the retracted position. The hook 110 is drawn into the tube 23 along with the annulus 54, and the key 114 on the clamp 10 registers with the key way 116 at the distal end of the tube 23. When the shoulders 118 abut the distal surface 121, the clamp 10 has achieved its operative position. It can be retained in this position by moving the trigger 96 distally so that the fingers 98, 101, engage the shoulder 69 on the terminal lug 70. In this operative position, registration of the key 114 and key way 116 seeks to align the axis 14 of the clamp 10 with the axis 25 of the clamp applier 12. Axial movement of the clamp 10 relative to the applier 12 is inhibited by the locking mechanism, while rotational movement of the clamp 10 relative to the applier 12 is inhibited by the registration of the key 114 and key way 116. In this operative position, the shaft 56 can be rotated in two directions to either open or close the jaws 36, 38. In an embodiment including the aladdin screw 63, operation of the handle 130 in a single direction, for example toward the handle 90, can cause rotation of the shaft 58 in either of the two directions. For example, if the tab 134 is positioned so that the follower 133 engages the groove 74, movement of the handle 130 toward the handle 90 will be converted into clockwise rotation of the shaft 58. This will cause the screw 47 to advance into the beveled surface 45 causing the jaws 36 and 38 as illustrated in Figure 9. Alternatively, with the tab 134 disposed in the opposite position, the follower 133 engages the groove 72 of the aladdin screw 63. Then, movement of the handle 130 toward the handle 90 can be converted into rotational movement of the shaft 58 in the counter¬ clockwise direction. This will remove the screw 47 from the beveled surface 45 resulting in separation of the jaws 36, 38 by operation of the spring 52, as illustrated in Figure 10. While the aladdin screw 63 is incorporated in a preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that a single screw could also be used. In such an embodiment, operation of the handle 130 toward the handle 90 could result in the clockwise rotation of the shaft 58 while movement of the handle 130 away from the handle 90 would result in counter- clockwise rotation of the shaft 58. The foregoing apparatus and method are of particular interest in a surgical procedure providing for removal of a section of the bowel 32. This procedure is illustrated in Figure 11-14 wherein three sections of the bowel are designated consecutively by the reference numerals 32a, 32b and 32c. In this procedure, it is the center section 32b which is to be removed. Initially a clamp 10a is engaged by the clamp applier 12 and inserted through the trocar 25 to operatively occlude the bowel between the section 32a and 32b. After the clamp 10a has been operatively positioned, the applier 12 can be operated to disengage the hook 110 from the associated annulus 54a. Then a second clamp 10b is operatively disposed to occlude the bowel between the section 32b and the section 32c. After the clamp 10b has been positioned, the clamp applier 12 can be operated to release the hook 110 from the associated annulus 54b. At this point it may be desirable to elevate the bowel 32 in order to provide better access within the abdominal cavity. For this purpose, retractors 136 and 138 can be introduced through the abdominal wall 30 to engage the respective annulus 54a and 54b. Alternatively, the retractors 136, 138 can be introduced through secondary trocars (not shown) similar to the trocar 25. Once the clamps 10a and 10b have been engaged by the respective retractors 136, 138, they can be moved toward the abdominal wall 30 to elevate the bowel 32 as illustrated in Figure 12. In this elevated location, two additional clamps 10c and lOd can be attached to occlude the bowel 32 adjacent the respective clamps 10a and 10b. These clamps 10c and lOd can also be released and the clamp applier 12 removed from the trocar 25. With the clamps lOa-lOd appropriately positioned, the center section 32b of the bowel 32 can be severed from the sections 32a and 32c by appropriate incisions between the clamp pairs 10a, 10c and lOd, 10b. At this point, the clamp applier 12 can be reinserted through the trocar 25 to engage the clamps 10c and lOd and to remove these clamps through the trocar 25. A grasper 141 may also be inserted to withdraw the central section 32b of the bowel, as illustrated in Figure 13. Finally, a suturing mechanism (not shown) can be introduced through the trocar 12 to facilitate the placement of sutures 143 between the bowel portion 32a to the bowel portion 32c. At the completion of this step, the retractors 136, 138 can be operated to disengage the clamps 10a, 10b, and the clamp applier 12 can be reintroduced to retrieve the clamps 10a, 10b. Ultimately the retractors 136, 138 and the trocar 25 are removed from the abdominal wall 30 to complete the procedure. Additional embodiments of the clamp illustrated in Figures 15-17, Figures 18-19, and Figures 20-26, are also useful in the method illustrated in Figures 11-14. In these respective embodiments, structural elements similar to those previously discussed will be designated with the same reference numeral followed by a lower case letter. In the embodiment of Figures 15-17, the lower case letter "a" will be used with these reference numerals. In the embodiment of Figures 18-19, the lower case letter "b 11 will be used. The lower case letter "c" will be applied to the reference numerals for the embodiments of Figures 20-26. with reference to the embodiment of Figures 15-17, clamp 10a includes jaws 36a and 38a each of which is pivotal on the supporting structure 34a between first and second relative positions. The first relative position is illustrated in Figure 17 where the jaws 36a and 38a are shown in a generally open configuration. The second relative position is illustrated in Figure 15 where the jaws 36a and 38a are shown in a generally closed configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, both of the jaws 36a and 38a are pivotal relative to the supporting structure 34a. It will be appreciated however, that the following embodiments can also be formed with the jaw 38a in a fixed relationship to the supporting structure 34a and the jaw 36a pivotal relative to the supporting structure 34a on a hinge 41a in the manner previously discussed. In either case, one or both of the jaws 36a and 38a are preferably biased to the open position, for example by a spring 152. The clamp 10a also includes a particular surface 45a which may be beveled or otherwise inclined relative to the axis 14a of the clamp 10a. In the illustrated embodiment, the surface 45a is provided with a plurality of recesses 154 which form discrete locations along the surface 45a. Each of these locations is associated with a different relative position of the jaws 36a and 38a between the open position illustrated in Figure 17 and the closed position illustrated in Figure 15. A slide 47a movable relative to supporting structure 34a functions similar to the screw 47 in actuating the jaws 36a and 38a between the open and closed positions. In the illustrated embodiment, the slide 47a is movable between a proximal position illustrated in Figure 17, which is associated with the open position of the jaws 36a, 38a, and a distal position illustrated in Figure 15, which is associated with the closed position of the jaws 36a, 38a. In proximity to the particular surface 45a, the slide 47a is provided with a projection 156 which forms a plurality of detents with each of the recesses 154 on the surface 45a. Thus the projection 156 engages a recess at one end of the surface 45a when the shaft 47a is in the proximate position, and engages a recess 154 at the opposite end of the surface 45a when the slide 47a is in the distal position. As the projection 156 sequentially engages the recesses 154 along the surface 45a, the jaws 36a and 38a move between the open and closed positions. In the embodiment of Figures 15-17, the supporting structure 34a is provided with the shape of a cylindrical shaft 158 which extends proximally along the axis 48a and terminates with an annular recess 161 and a ball 163 or other enlargement. The slide 47a is also formed with a cylindrical configuration and functions as a sleeve which is slidable on the shaft 158 between the proximal and distal positions illustrated in Figures 17 and 15, respectively. The cylindrical configuration of the slide 47a is continued in a distal direction where it extends to the projection 156. In the illustrated embodiment, this projection 156 has an annular configuration. At the proximal end, the slide 47a terminates in an annular recess 165 and an enlargement, such as an annular flange 167. The enlargements in the form of the ball 163 and flange 167 form with their respective recesses 161, 165 separate structures which are suitable for engagement by a clamp applier 14a such as that illustrated in Figure 16. In this embodiment the clamp applier 14a includes an outer tube 23a and an inner shaft 58a which is axially movable relative to the tube 23a. The tube 23a terminates distally in a cylinder 170 having an inside diameter greater than the outside diameter of the flange 167, the an inwardly facing flange 172. The flange 172 has an inside diameter greater than the diameter of the recess 165, but less than the diameter of the flange 167. The inner shaft 58a of the clamp applier 14a terminates distally at a cylinder 174 and an annular flange 176. In this embodiment the cylinder 174 has an inside diameter which is greater than the diameter of the ball 163. The flange 174 has an inside diameter greater than the recess 161, but less than the diameter of the ball 163. Both of the cylinders 170 and 174 can be configured to open laterally in order to permit the associated flanges 172 and 174 to engage the recesses 165 and 161. In this operative position illustrated in Figure 17, the shaft 58a can be moved relative to the tube 23a to engage the slide 47a and move it relative to the supporting structure 34a and the jaws 36a, 38a. As noted, this axial movement of the slide 47a relative to the jaws 36a and 38a is accompanied by relative movement of the jaws 36a, 38a between the open and closed positions. An embodiment similar to the clamp 10a is illustrated in Figures 18 and 19 where the clamp is designated by the reference numeral 10b. In this embodiment, particular surface 45b faces inwardly toward axis 14b. Recesses 154b along this surface 45b are engaged by projection 156b which is formed on the slide 47b to face outwardly away from the axis 14b. The embodiment of Figures 18 and 19 also differs from that of Figures 15 and 17 in the configuration of supporting structure 34b and actuator 47b. In the embodiment of Figure 18, the proximal end of the supporting structure 34b is formed in the shape of sleeve 160b. This sleeve 160b also terminates at annular flange 167b. The actuator 47b is formed with cylindrical shaft 158b which also terminates at the 163b. Notwithstanding these differences, the clamp 10b can be actuated using clamp applier 14b similar to that illustrated in Figure 15. In the operative position, movement of shaft 58b relative to the tube 23b also actuates the jaws 36b, 38b between the open and closed positions. However in this case, the actuator 47b in the distal position is associated with the jaws 36b, 38b in the open position illustrated in Figure 19, while the proximal position of the actuator 47b is associated with the jaws in the close position illustrated in Figure 18. In a further embodiment of the invention, it will be apparent that the particular surface 45 can be formed on either the jaws 36, 38 or supporting structure 34. For example in the embodiments of Figures 20-26, the particular surface 45c is formed on supporting structure 34c. A single movable jaw 36c is pivotal on the hinge 41c with respect to a stationary jaw 38c. As best illustrated in Figures 20 and 24, the recesses on the surface 45c are configured as a plurality of unidirectional teeth 154c. An actuator or slide 47c of this embodiment is separately illustrated in Figure 22. This slide 47c includes a base 176 which is slidable in a slot 178 formed in the supporting structure 34c. An arm 181 extends above the base 176 and includes a projection in the form of at least one tooth 156c. The arm 181 is also provided with a projection 183 which extends in the direction of the tube 156c and is unique to this embodiment. During manufacture of the clamp 10c, the slide 47c is mounted with its base 176 positioned in the slot 178 where the tooth 156c on the arm 181 forms a ratchet mechanism 185 with the teeth 154c on the surface 45c of the supporting structure 34c. As noted, the teeth 154c are unidirectional in that the ratchet mechanism 185 will permit distal movement of the slide 47c to move the jaws 36c and 38c into the closed position illustrated by the dotted lines in Figure 24. The unidirectional teeth 154c, however, require that the tooth 156c of the slide 47c be lifted in order to move the slide 47c proximally thereby permitting the jaws 36c, 38c to move to the opened position illustrated by the solid lines in Figure 24. This lifting of the tooth 156c relative to the teeth 154c can be accomplished using a clip applier 14c such as illustrated in Figure 25. This applier 14c includes a half shaft 190 which is stationary, and a half shaft 192 which is movable axially relative to the shaft 190. The movable shaft 192 is provided with a recess 194. In operation, the shaft 192 is moved into an extended position relative to the shaft 190 where the projection 183 associated with the slide 147 seats within the recess 194 of the shaft 192. Both the projection 183 and recess 194 are dimensioned so that this seating is accompanied by elevation of the ar 181 which lifts the tooth 156c from the teeth 154c. Thus the clamp applier 14c functions not only to engage the slide 47c for movement relative to the supporting structure 34c, but also to release the ratchet mechanism 185 to permit movement of the slide 47c in the proximal direction. In each of the foregoing embodiments, the actuator 47 is either screwed or slid along a path of movement which is generally parallel to the axis 14 of the clamp 10. These embodiment are also characterized by the particular surface 45 which is inclined relative to the axis 14. Notwithstanding this similarity, it will be apparent that the jaws 36 and 38 will open and close in any embodiment wherein the particular surface 45 is inclined or transverse relative to the direction of movement of the actuator 47. In the foregoing discussion, a preferred embodiment of the clamp 10, clamp applier 14, and associated methods have been described. Many modifications of these embodiments will now be apparent. For example, many clamp configurations can be adapted to provide a generally cylindrical configuration with jaws openable and closeable by operation of a mechanism generally along the axis of the clamp. With these constraints, the clamp can be introduced through a trocar to facilitate a wide variation in laparoscopic procedures. Both apparatus and methods for operating such a clamp with an appropriate clamp applier will also be apparent. Initially the applier must have an elongate configuration also sized and configured to fit through a trocar. An appropriate mechanism for holding the clamp in a fixed operable position will be desirable. Once the clamp is in this position, an appropriate mechanism will be required to open and close the jaws of the clamp. Given the wide variation in the possibilities for embodying this concept, one is cautioned not to determine the scope of the invention merely with reference to the drawings and associated description, but rather with reference to the following claims.

Claims: Laparoscopic Surgical Clamp Claims 1. A surgical clamp having a longitudinal configuration and an axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end, the clamp comprising: a support structure; first and second opposed jaws coupled to the support structure and disposed at the distal end of the clamp, the jaws being operable between an open state wherein the jaws are spaced to accept a body conduit, and a closed state wherein the jaws are proximate to at least partially occlude the body conduit; and means carried by the support structure and movable relative to the support structure for engaging at least the first jaw to move the first jaw relative to the second jaw between the open state and the closed state. 2. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 1 further comprising: means for fixing the second jaw to the support structure; and means for pivotally attaching the first jaw to one of the support structure and the second jaw. 3. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 2 further comprising means for biasing the first jaw to the open state. 4. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 3 further comprising: portions of the first jaw defining a beveled surface which is disposed at an angle to the axis of the clamp; and a screw included in the engaging means and disposed at the proximate end of the clamp, the screw being operable to move axially along the beveled surface of the first jaw in the opened state to move the first jaw toward the closed state. 5. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 4 wherein the screw further comprises an annulus disposed at the proximal end of the clamp, the annulus being externally engagable to rotate the screw and to move the screw along the axis of the clamp. 6. A surgical clamp combination, comprising: a surgical clamp having a longitudinal axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end; a supporting structure included in the surgical clamp; a pair of jaws coupled to the supporting structure and disposed at the distal end of the surgical clamp, the jaws being movable between an open position and a closed position; moving means operable from the proximal end of the clamp for moving the jaws between the open position and the closed position; a clamp applier having a longitudinal axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end; a tube disposed at the distal end of the clamp applier; engaging means disposed within the tube for engaging the moving means at the proximal end of the clamp; and operating means disposed at the proximal end of the applier for operating the engaging means to move the jaws of the clamp. 7. The combination recited in Claim 6 wherein the moving means comprises: a screw rotatable along the axis of the clamp to operatively engage at least one of the jaws of the clamp. 8. The combination recited in Claim 7 wherein the clamp applier comprises: a housing: means for coupling the tube to the housing; a handle movable relative to the housing; and means for converting the movement of the handle into rotational movement of the engaging means. 9. The combination recited in Claim 8 wherein the handle is movable generally linearly of the housing and the converting means includes means for converting the linear movement of the handle into rotational movement of the engaging means. 10. The combination recited in Claim 7 further comprising: means defining a key at the proximal end of the clamp; means defining a key way at the distal end of the clamp applier; wherein the key of the clamp is removably registerable with the key way of the applier to prevent rotational movement of the supporting structure of the clamp relative to the tube of the applier while permitting rotational movement of the screw of the clamp and the engaging means of the applier. 11. The combination recited in Claim 10 wherein the key of the clamp is registered with the key way of the applier when the axis of the clamp is aligned with the axis of the applier. 12. The combination recited in Claim 7 further comprising: a first coupler fixed to the screw at the proximal end of the clamp; a second coupler included in the engaging means at the distal end of the clamp applier; the first and second couplers being configured for operative engagement whereby rotation of the engaging means rotates the screw to operate the jaws of the clamp. 13. A surgical clamp combination comprising: a surgical clamp movable between a free state and an operable state; a clamp applier adapted to releasably engaging the clamp in the free state and to operate the clamp in the operable state to releasably occlude a body conduit, the applier having an axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end; a housing disposed at the proximal end of the applier; a tube extending distally of the housing and configured to receive the clamp in the operable state; engaging means disposed within the tube for engaging the clamp; and means for moving the engaging means between an extended position wherein the engaging means can engage the clamp in the free state, and a retracted position wherein the clamp is releasably held in the operable state. 14. The combination recited in Claim 13 wherein the moving means comprises: means for biasing the engaging means to the retracted position; and means for advancing the engaging means against the bias of the biasing means toward the extended position. 15. The combination recited in Claim 14 wherein the moving means includes a trigger pivotal on the housing of the clamp applier and operable to move the engaging means axially to the extended position. 16. The combination recited in Claim 13 wherein the engaging means includes: a rotatable shaft; and means disposed at the distal end of the applier for coupling the shaft to the clamp. 17. The combination recited in Claim 13 wherein the converting means includes: means operable in a first position for converting the movement of the handle into rotation of the shaft in a first direction, and operable in a second position to convert the movement of the handle into rotation of the shaft in a second direction different than the first direction. 18. The combination recited in Claim 14 further comprising: means for locking the engaging means in the retracted position. 19. The combination recited in Claim 18 wherein the locking means comprises a trigger pivotal on the housing to prevent axial movement of the engaging means. 20. The combination recited in Claim 16 further comprising means for rotating the shaft of the applier to operate the clamp in the operable state. 21. The combination recited in Claim 20 further comprising: a handle included in the rotating means and moveable along the housing; and means for converting movement of the handle into rotational movement of the shaft. 22. A method for operating a clamp to occlude a body conduit, comprising the steps of: providing the clamp with a pair of jaws openable to receive the body conduit and closeable to occlude the body conduit; providing a clamp applier having a housing, an elongate tube with a distal end extending from the housing, and a shaft movable within the tube; advancing the shaft to an extended position wherein a distal end of the shaft extends beyond the distal end of the tube; engaging the clamp with the distal end of the shaft; retracting the shaft and the clamp to a retracted position; operating the shaft in the retracted position alternatively to open the jaws of the clamp to receive the body conduit and to close the jaws of the clamp to occlude the body conduit. 23. The method recited in Claim 22 wherein the advancing step includes the steps of: providing the clamp applier with a trigger pivotal on the housing; and pivoting the trigger on the housing to advance the shaft to the extended position. 24. The method recited in Claim 22 wherein the operating step includes the steps of: providing the clamp applier with a handle; moving the handle generally along the housing; and converting the movement of the handle into rotational movement of the shaft. 25. The method recited in Claim 22 wherein the operation step includes the steps of: providing the clamp applier with a handle; moving the handle generally in a particular direction along the housing; converting movement of the handle in the particular direction into rotational movement of the shaft in a first direction to open the jaws of the clamp; and converting movement of the handle in the particular direction into rotational movement of the shaft in a second direction opposite to the first direction to close the jaws of the clamp. 26. A method for removing a central bowel section from between a first bowel section and a second bowel section, comprising the steps of: introducing a trocar through an abdominal wall of a patient; introducing a clamp applier and a first surgical clamp through the trocar; operating the clamp applier to deploy the first clamp in occluding relationship with the first bowel section; introducing the clamp applier and a second surgical clamp through the trocar; operating the clamp applier to deploy the second clamp in occluding relationship with the central bowel section; introducing a scalpel through the trocar; cutting the central bowel section from the first bowel section between the first clamp and the second clamp; cutting the central bowel section from the second bowel section; operating the clamp applier to disengage the second clamp from the central bowel section; removing the second clamp through the trocar; removing the central bowel section through the trocar; attaching the first bowel section to the second bowel section; and removing the first clamp through the trocar. 27. The method recited in Claim 26 further comprising the steps of: engaging the first clamp in occluding relationship with the first bowel section; and retracting the first clamp to move the first bowel section relative to the abdominal wall. 28. A surgical clamp having a longitudinal configuration and an axis extending between a proximal end and a distal end, the clamp comprising: a supporting structure; first and second opposed jaws coupled to the supporting structure and disposed at the distal end of the clamp, the jaws being operable between a first relative position wherein the jaws are generally open and a second relative position wherein the jaws are generally closed; and an actuator movable relative to the supporting structure along a path of movement between a distal position and a proximal position, the actuator engaging the at least first jaw at a plurality of locations each associated with a different position of the first jaw relative to the second jaw between the first relative position and the second relative position. 29. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 28 wherein: the first jaw includes a particular surface along which are disposed the plurality of locations; and the actuator sequentially engages the locations disposed along the particular surface as the actuator moves along the path of movement. 30. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 29 wherein the actuator comprises a screw having an axis and the path of movement is linear along the axis of the screw and transverse to the particular surface of the first jaw. 31. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 29 wherein the actuator comprises a slide carried by the supporting structure and the path of movement of the slide is transverse to the particular surface of the first jaw. 32. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 31 further comprising: portions of the first jaw defining a recess at each of the locations along the particular surface of the first jaw; and a projection formed on the slide and movable with the slide to sequentially engage each of the recesses along the particular surface of the first jaw. 33. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 32 wherein: the recesses on the particular surface are defined to face. away from the axis of the clamp; and the projection on the slide is formed to face toward the axis of the clamp. 34. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 32 wherein: the recesses on the particular surface are defined to face toward the axis of the clamp; and the projection is formed on the slide to face away from the axis of the clamp. 35. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 29 wherein the particular surface is transverse to the axis of the clamp and the path of movement of the actuator is generally parallel to the axis of the clamp. 36. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 28 wherein the clamp is adapted for insertion into a cylindrical trocar and the jaws, supporting structure and actuator collectively provide the clamp with the general configuration of a cylinder. 37. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 28 wherein: one of the first jaw and the supporting structure includes a particular surface defining a plurality of recesses each associated with a different position of the first jaw relative to the second jaw; and the actuator comprises a slide moveable along the path of movement to selectively engage one of the recesses in order to maintain the jaws in a desired relative position. 38. The surgical clamp recited in Claim 37 wherein the particular surface is disposed on the supporting structure and the actuator comprises a ratchet mechanism.

Inventors: DOLENDO EDWARD E, JONES MICHAEL L, SACKIER JOHATHAN M, DOLENDO, EDWARD, E., JONES, MICHAEL, L., SACKIER, JOHATHAN, M.
Applicants: APPLIED MED RESOURCES, DOLENDO EDWARD E, JONES MICHAEL L, SACKIER JOHATHAN M, APPLIED MEDICAL RESOURCES CORPORATION, DOLENDO, EDWARD, E., JONES, MICHAEL, L., SACKIER, JOHATHAN, M.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: A61B17
IPC codes: A61B17