Magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic card, process for producing the same, and magnetic card using the same

Abstract: Magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards, which particles are of formula (I) AO.n{ (Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b )₂O₃} (I) wherein A is at least one metal selected from Ba, Sr and Ca; M is either Co and Sn or Co, Ti and Sn; n is from 5.5 to 6.1; a is from 0.001 to 0.010; and b is from 0.010 to 0.200; and in which particles the change of coercive force with temperature from -10 to 120°C is from -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C.

Description: Magnetic cards. i.e., cards having a magnetized stripe portion wherein data can be stored, have recently spread, as are represented by ID cards, credit cards, railroad tickets, season tickets, highway passes, telephone cards and prepaid railway cards. Magnetic cards are generally produced by a method of applying a magnetic coating which is obtained by kneading magnetic particles with a vehicle, directly to a card substrate, a method of adhering a magnetic tape which is obtained by applying a magnetic coating to a base film, to a card substrate, or the like. Such a magnetic card is constantly carried and frequently used both indoors and outdoors throughout the country which have different climates such as temperature and humidity. It is, therefore, necessary that a magnetic card withstands use under severe conditions. In order to produce such a magnetic card, it is necessary to use ferromagnetic particles having an appropriate coercive force and an excellent temperature stability. As the ferromagnetic particles, magneto-plumbite ferrite particles are generally known. Since the coercive force of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles is high, it is generally required to reduce the coercive force to 300 to 3000 Oe. In order to reduce the coercive force of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles to an appropriate coercive force, a method of substituting a part of Fe(III) of a ferrite by a substituting element such as cobalt (Co) and titanium (Ti) is proposed. In addition, magneto-plumbite ferrite particles are strongly required to have magnetic stability (especially, stability of coercive force) with respect to temperature (hereinunder referred to as "temperature stability"). The reason why temperature stability is important in a magnetic card is as follows. Magnetic recording is performed by magnetizing the magnetic particles in a magnetic card by the magnetic field produced from a magnetic head. The magnetic field of the magnetic head and the coercive force as the magnetizing component of the magnetic particles are adjusted at room temperature so as to enable optimum recording. However, when the coercive force varies with a rise in the ambient temperature due to a change in the atmosphere, the recording and reproducing characteristics greatly change with the ambient temperature, so that optimum recording is impossible. Magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards which have an appropriate coercive force and excellent temperature stability are thus strongly demanded, but the coercive force of general magneto-plumbite ferrite particles are apt to increase with a rise in the temperature, namely, they have poor temperature stability. Since the change of the coercive force with temperature of conventional magneto-plumbite ferrite particles is as large as +4 Oe/°C, they are not appropriate as magnetic particles for magnetic cards. Methods of improving the temperature stability of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles in order to solve the above problem are proposed in, for example, JP-A-6251026, JP-A-62 132732, JP-A-62216922 and JP-A-2296303. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) JP-A-62 51026 (1987) discloses a magnetic powder for high-density magnetic recording, comprising hexagonal ferrite particles which have an average particle diameter of 0.02 to 0.2 µm and a coercive force of 200 to 2000 Oe and which contain 0.1 to 1.0 Sn atom based on one chemical formula. In the specification of JP-A-6251026, there is a description of "If the average particle diameter is less than 0.02 µm, the magnetization and the coercive force reduce so much as to reduce the recording output of a magnetic recording medium, while if the average particle diameter exceeds 0.2 µm, the coercive force reduces and the noise at the reproduction greatly increases, and they are reasons that the average particle diameter of the uniaxial anisotropic hexagonal barium ferrite crystals is restricted to 0.02 to 0.2 µm. JP-A-62132732 discloses a method of reducing the temperature dependency of the coercive force of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles by restricting the average particle diameter to not more than 1.0 µm, the thickness of a particle in the direction of C-axis to not more than 0.2 µm, and the aspect ratio of a particle represented by the following formula to not less than 5: In the specification of JP-A-62132732, there is a description of "The average particle diameter of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles used for a product utilizing magnetism is generally not more than 1.0 µm and the particles having a larger diameter do not provide predetermined magnetic characteristics, and this is a reason that the average particle diameter of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the present invention is restricted to not more than 1.0 µm." JP-A-2296303 discloses a magnetic powder for magnetic recording, which is represented by the following general composition formula: (Fe) a (Sn) b (Si) c (M 1 ) d (M 2 ) e (M 3 ) f (O) g (wherein M 1 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca and Pb, M 2 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Al, La and Cd, M 3 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sb, In, Mo and W, and a, b, c, d, e, f and g respectively represent the number of atoms of Fe, Sn, Si, M 1 , M 2 , M 3 and O, wherein a is 8.0 to 12.0, b is 0.01 to 6.0, c is 0.05 to 6.0, d is 0.3 to 6.0, e is 0.01 to 6.0, f is 0.0 to 6.0, and g is the number of O atoms which satisfies the atomic values of the other elements), and which has an average particle diameter of not more than 0.08 µm and a plate ratio of not more than 8. In the specification of JP-A-2296303, there is a description of "Since the average particle diameter is as small as not more than 0.08 µm, the magnetic powder is suitable for high-density recording, and since the plate ratio is as small as not more than 8, especially, 2 to 5, the packing density in the coating medium is high and it is possible to obtain a magnetic powder having a large saturation magnetization and an excellent dispersibility." JP-A-62 216922 discloses fine hexagonal ferrite particles for magnetic recording which are represented by the following general formula: AFe (12-x-y-z) Co x Ti y M z O 19 (wherein A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Pb, M represents at least one substituting element selected from the group consisting of Sb, Sn, W and In, x is 0.5 to 1.1, y is 0.1 to 0.5, and z is 0.1 to 0.5), and which has an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 µm. In the specification of JP-A-62216922, there is a description of "If the average particle diameter of fine hexagonal Co, Ti, M-substituting ferrite particles is less than 0.01 µm, the particles have superparamagnetism so that they are unsuitable as a magnetic recording material, while if the average particle diameter exceeds 0.2 µm, the modulation noise increases so that they cannot be used as a magnetic recording material, and therefore, the fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 µm are selected. From the view point of the improvement of the packing density and the S/N, the average particle diameter is preferably 0.01 to 0.1 µm." The method disclosed in JP-A-6251026 improves temperature stability by adding a predetermined amount of Sn to a hexagonal ferrite. However, the average particle diameter of the hexagonal ferrite particles obtained is so small as 0.02 to 0.2 µm that they are not desirable as magnetic particles for magnetic cards when the recording density, the output, etc., are taken into consideration. As to the change of the coercive force with temperature, when temperature stability of the hexagonal ferrite particles disclosed in JP-A-6251026 is measured by a method adopted in the present invention, it is as large as -2 to +4 Oe/°C. That is, the improvement of temperature stability by the method cannot be said satisfactory. In the particles disclosed in JP-A-62132732, JP-A-62216922 and JP-A-2296303, the change of the coercive force with temperature is also large when measured by a method adopted in the present invention, so that the particles have proved to have poor temperature stability. Accordingly, the technical problems of the present invention are to provide magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards which have an appropriate coercive force and a more excellent temperature stability. As a result of various studies undertaken by the present inventors so as to solve the above-described problems, it has been found that to produce magneto-plumbite ferrite particles which are represented by the following general formula: AO·n{(Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b ) 2 O 3 } (wherein A represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M represents either Co and Sn or Co, Ti and Sn, n is 5.5 to 6.1, a is 0.001 to 0.010 and b is 0.010 to 0.200), by mixing a compound containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of barium, strontium and calcium, an iron oxide, a Bi compound, and either a Co compound and an Sn compound or a Co compound, Ti compound and an Sn compound in the above-described stoichiometric amount, and heat-treating the resultant mixture in the presence of a flux of 0.1 to 20 wt% based on the iron oxide at a temperature of not less than a melting point of the flux, the thus-obtained magneto-plumbite ferrite particles have -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C of the change of the coercive force with temperature in the temperature range of -10 to 120°C, an appropriate coercive force and an excellent temperature stability. On the basis of this finding, the present invention has been achieved. It is an object of the present invention to provide magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards, which have an appropriate coercive force, e.g., 300 to 3500 Oe and which show excellent temperature stability, e.g., -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C of the change of the coercive force with temperature in the temperature range of -10 to 120°C. It is another object of the present invention to provide a magnetic card having an appropriate coercive force and an excellent temperature stability. To achieve these aims, in a first aspect of the present invention, there are provided magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards, which particles are of formula (I) AO·n{(Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b ) 2 O 3 } (wherein A is at least one metal selected from Ba, Sr and Ca; M is either Co and Sn or Co, Ti and Sn; n is from 5.5 to 6.1, a is from 0.001 to 0.010 and b is from 0.010 to 0.200; and in which particles the change of coercive force with temperature from -10 to 120°C is from -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the invention, comprising the steps of: mixing a compound containing at least one metal selected from barium, strontium and calcium, an iron oxide, a Bi compound, and either a Co compound and an Sn compound or a Co compound, a Ti compound and an Sn compound in the stoichiometric amounts required by the said formula (I); and heat-treating the resultant mixture in the presence of from 0.1 to 20 wt%, based on said iron oxide, of a flux at a temperature of not less than the melting point of the flux. In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic card comprising: a non-magnetic substrate; and a magnetic layer which is provided on at least one part of said non-magnetic substrate and which contains magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the invention. The composition of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards of the present invention are represented by the formula: AO·n{(Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b ) 2 O 3 }, wherein n is 5.5 to 6.1, a is 0.001 to 0.010, and b is 0.010 to 0.200. If n is less than 5.5 or exceeds 6.1, the saturation magnetization of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles reduces and the coercive force thereof also reduces so much that they are undesirable as magnetic particles for magnetic cards. If a is less than 0.001, the change of the coercive force with temperature in the temperature range of -10 to 120°C is outside the range of -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°c, so that the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles cannot achieve the aim of the present invention. On the other hand, if a exceeds 0.010, the saturation magnetization of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles reduces so much that they are undesirable as magnetic particles for magnetic cards. If b is less than 0.010, the change of the coercive force with temperature in the temperature range of -10 to 120°C is more than +1.5 Oe/°C, so that the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles cannot achieve the aim of the present invention. On the other hand, if b exceeds 0.200, the saturation magnetization of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles reduces so much that they are undesirable as magnetic particles for magnetic cards. More specifically, the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards of the present invention represented by the formula: AO·n{(Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b ) 2 O 3 }, wherein A represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M represents either Co and Sn or Co, Ti and Sn, n is 5.5 to 6.1, a is 0.001 to 0.010, and b is 0.010 to 0.200, have the following characteristics. (1) The change of the coercive force with temperature in the temperature range of -10 to 120°C is -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C, preferably -1.2 to 1.2 Oe/°C. (2) The coercive force is 300 to 3500 Oe, preferably 400 to 3000 Oe. (3) The saturation magnetization is not less than 47 emu/g, preferably not less than 50 emu/g. (4) The average particle diameter is 0.3 to 3.0 µm, preferably 0.4 to 2.0 µm. (5) The plate ratio (plate-like surface diameter/thickness) is from 2:1 to 20:1, preferably from 2:1 to 10.0:1, more preferably from 2.5:1 to 10.0:1. The method of producing magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the invention for magnetic cards comprises the steps of: (i) mixing a compound containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of barium, strontium and calcium, an iron oxide, a Bi compound, and either a Co compound and an Sn compound or a Co compound, Ti compound and an Sn compound in the above-described stoichiometric amount so as to constitute the above-mentioned composition; and (ii) heat-treating the resultant mixture in the presence of a flux of 0.1 to 20 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt% based on the iron oxide at a temperature of not less than a melting point of the flux. As the iron oxide which is used as a raw material in the present invention, iron oxide particles such as hematite, maghemite and magnetite ( FeO x ·Fe 2 O 3 (0 < x ≤ 1)) are usable. Hydrous ferric oxide particles such as α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH are also usable. As the barium compound, the strontium compound and the calcium compound which are used as the sub-material in the present invention, BaCO 3 , SrCO 3 and CaCO 3 are usable. Ba compounds, Sr compounds, and Ca compounds which become BaO, SrO and CaO, respectively when heated, are also usable. As the Bi compound in the present invention, Bi 2 O 3 , Bi(OH) 3 , etc. are usable, and Bi compounds which become Bi 2 O 3 when heated, are also usable. As the Co compound in the present invention, CoCO 3 , Co(OH) 2 , etc. are usable, and Co compounds which become CoO when heated, are also usable. As the Sn compound in the present invention, SnO 2 , SnF 4 , Sn(OH) 2 , etc. are usable, and Sn compounds which become SnO 2 when heated, are also usable. As the Ti compound in the present invention, TiO 2 , Ti(OH) 4 , etc. are usable, and Ti compounds which become TiO 2 when heated, are also usable. As the flux in the present invention, at least one selected from the group consisting of halide, sulfates, silicates of alkaline metals and alkali earth metals, which are ordinarily used is usable. Especially, NaCl, BaCl 2 SrCl 2 , KCl, Na 2 SO 4 , etc. are preferable. The amount of the flux is 0.1 to 20 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt% based on the iron oxide used. If the amount of the flux is less than 0.1 wt%, sintering of or between particles is caused in the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles obtained, so that coarse particles and indeterminate particles which disturb the orientation are apt to be produced. Those magneto-plumbite ferrite particles are unsuitable as magnetic particles for magnetic cards. On the other hand, if the amount of the flux exceeds 20 wt%, the plate ratio of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles obtained increases, so that the dispersibility is lowered. In addition, the existence of a larger amount of flux than necessary is meaningless and uneconomic. The heat-treating temperature is not less than a melting point of the flux, preferably 900 to 1100°C. If it is less than a melting point of the flux, the reaction is insufficient for producing a ferrite and unreacted constituents remain. If it exceeds 1100°C, sintering between particles may be remarkable, and coarse particles may be apt to be produced, so that the dispersibility may be lowered. The magnetic card of the present invention comprises a non-magnetic substrate and a magnetic layer provided on at least one part of the non-magnetic substrate and containing magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the invention as described above. The magnetic card of the present invention is produced by adding magneto-plumbite ferrite particles in the above-described blending ratio to a paint constituent material, and either directly applying the thus-obtained paint composition to at least a part of a non-magnetic substrate, or applying the thus-obtained paint composition to at least a part of a base film and adhering the resultant base film to a non-magnetic substrate. The paint constituent material used in the present invention comprises a resin, a solvent, and if necessary, a drying promoter, a surfactant, a curing promoter and a coating aid. Further, the paint constituent material used in the present invention may contain an electrical-resistance-adjusting pigment such as carbon, etc. and a head abrasive pigment such as alumina, etc. As the resin usable herein, acryl resins, alkyd resins, polyesters, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, phenol resins and amino resins which are ordinarily used for the painting, may be exemplified. As the solvent usable herein, toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl alcohol, an aliphatic hydrocarbon and the like which are ordinarily used for painting, may be exemplified. The content of the resin is 10 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles. The content of the solvent is 90 to 300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles. The content of the electrical-resistance-adjusting pigment and/or head abrasive pigment is not more than 10 parts by weight, preferably not more than 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the paint constituent material. As the drying promoter, the surfactant, the curing promoter and the coating aid which can be blended to the paint constituent material as occasion demands, those known materials used for painting can be used. As the non-magnetic substrate usable for the magnetic card according to the present invention, sheets of synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyesters and polyethylene terephthalate and paper may be exemplified. The magnetic layer can be formed on the non-magnetic substrate by using a known method, for example, a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laying-Open (KOKAI) JP-A-54-73608 (1979) and JP-A-59-92438 (1984). In the magnetic card according to the present invention, the thickness of the non-magnetic substrate is 100 to 1000 µm, preferably 175 to 750 µm and the thickness of the magnetic layer is 5 to 50 µm. A hiding layer may be formed on the surface of the magnetic layer. The thickness of the hiding layer is 2 to 20 µm. The magnetic card according to the present invention has the following characteristics. (1) The coercive force is from 300 to 3500 Oe, preferably from 400 to 3000 Oe. (2) The saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) is from 1500 to 2500 Gauss, preferably from 1650 to 2100 Gauss. (3) The residual magnetic flux density (Br) is from 1200 to 2250 Gauss, preferably from 1400 to 1890 Gauss. (4) The S.F.D. value is from 0.10 to 0.5, preferably from 0.13 to 0.35. (5) The change of coercive force with temperature in the temperature range of from -10 to 120°C is from -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C. The reason why the change of the coercive force with temperature of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles in the present invention is as small as -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C, is not clear, but since the change of the coercive force with temperature of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles represented by the general formula: AO·n{(Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b ) 2 O 3 }, (wherein a is not in the range of 0.001 to 0.010 or b is not in the range of 0.010 to 0.200) is too large to produce a magnetic card having an excellent temperature stability, as shown in later-described comparative examples, the present inventors consider that the change of the coercive force with temperature of the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the present invention is lowered due to the synergistic effect of the specified Bi content and the contents of either Co and Sn or Co, Ti and Sn, which are elements for reducing the coercive force. The magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the present invention are ferromagnetic particles having an appropriate coercive force and an excellent temperature stability, so that they are useful as magnetic particles for magnetic cards. Also, the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles of the present invention are useful as magnetic particles for magnetic bar-code and magnetic image character recognition. EXAMPLES The present invention will now be explained referring to examples and comparative examples. In the following examples, an average particle diameter (average plate-like surface diameter) and an average thickness are expressed by an average value of the numerical values determined by means of a scanning electron micrograph. The plate ratio thereof are represented by the ratio of the average particle diameter to the average thickness. The magnetic characteristics of the magnetic particles were measured under an external magnetic field of 10 kOe by a vibration sample magnetometer VSM-3S-15 (manufactured by Toei Kogyo, Kabushiki Kaisha). The change (Oe/°C) of the coercive force with temperature is expressed by the value obtained by dividing the difference between the coercive force at a temperature of -10°C and the coercive force at a temperature of 120°C by the temperature difference (130°C). S.F.D. (Switching Field Distribution) value is determined by dividing a half-width value obtained from the differential curve of the demagnetization curve of a sheet-like specimen by using a differentiating circuit of "Vibration Sample Magnetometer, VSM-3S-15", manufactured by Toei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, by the coercive force at the peak of the differential curve thereof, the sheet-like specimens being produced by the Example 8. Example 1 902.3 g of iron oxide (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), 199.0 g of barium carbonate, 11.9 g of cobalt carbonate, 15.7 g of tin oxide, 4.5 g of bismuth oxide and 45g of BaCl 2 as a flux (which corresponds to 5 % by weight based on iron oxide) were adequately mixed. The resultant mixture was charged into an alumina crucible and heat-treated at a temperature of 1000°C for 2 hours. After cooling, the heat-treated mixture was pulverized and washed to remove the flux by an ordinary method, and it was filtered and dried to obtain brown particles. As a result of X-ray diffraction and fluorescent X-ray analysis, the brown particles obtained proved to be magneto-plumbite ferrite particles having the composition of BaO·5.70 {(Fe 0.983 Bi 0.0017 Co 0.0080 Sn 0.0073 ) 2 O 3 }, and as a result of observation through a scanning electron microscope, these particles proved to have an average particle diameter of 0.70 µm and a plate ratio (plate-like surface diameter : thickness) of 2.9 : 1. As to the magnetic characteristics of the BaO·5.70{(Fe 0.983 Bi 0.0017 CO 0.0080 Sn 0.0073 ) 2 O 3 } particles, the coercive force Hc was 2730 Oe, the saturation magnetization σs was 62 emu/g, and the change of the coercive force with temperature was +1.2 Oe/°C. Examples 2 to 7, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards were produced in the same way as in Example 1 except for varying the kind and the amount of iron oxide, the kind and the amount of sub-material, the kind and the amount of Bi compound, the kind and the amount of coercive force reducing element, the kind and the amount of flux and the heat-treating temperature and time. The main producing conditions are shown in Table 1 and the properties of the products obtained are shown in Table 2. Example 8 100 parts by weight of magneto-plumbite ferrite particles produced in Example 1 were blended as a magnetic pigment with a paint constituent material of the following composition, and mixed and dispersed for 4 hours by using a paint shaker (manufactured by Red Devil Limited) (using glass beads 1.5 mm in diameter as a medium) to obtain a paint composition. Magneto-plumbite ferrite particles 100 parts by weight Surfactant (Wetting agent (Lecithin)) 0.5 parts by weight Resin Vinyl resin (VAGF) 10 parts by weight Urethane resin (N-2301) 10 parts by weight Solvent (MEK/CYCLOHEXANONE/TOLUENE = 14.2/14.1/1) 146 parts by weight The thus-obtained magnetic paint composition was applied to a white polyethylene terephthalate film (non-magnetic substrate, thickness: 188 µm) to form a magnetic layer 7 µm in thickness. The card produced had a coercive force (Hc) of 2720 Oe, a saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) of 1910 Gauss and a residual magnetic flux density (Br) of 1660 Gauss, a S.F.D. value of 0.27 and the change of the coercive force with temperature was +1.3 Oe/°C. Examples 9 to 14 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 Magnetic cards were produced in the same way as in Example 8 except that the magneto-plumbite ferrite particles produced in Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were respectively used. The properties of the magnetic cards obtained are shown in Table 3.

Claims: Magneto-plumbite ferrite particles for magnetic cards, which particles are of formula (I) AO.n{(Fe 1-(a+b) Bi a M b ) 2 O 3 } wherein A is at least one metal selected from Ba, Sr and Ca; M is either Co and Sn or Co, Ti and Sn; n is from 5.5 to 6.1; a is from 0.001 to 0.010; and b is from 0.010 to 0.200; and in which particles the change of coercive force with temperature from -10 to 120°C is from -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C. Particles according to claim 1, wherein the average particle diameter is from 0.3 to 3.0 µm, the plate ratio (plate-like surface diameter: thickness) is from 2 : 1 to 10 : 1, the coercive force is from 300 to 3500 Oe, and the saturation magnetization is not less than 47 emu/g. A process for producing particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: mixing a compound containing at least one metal selected from barium, strontium and calcium, an iron oxide, a Bi compound, and either a Co compound and an Sn compound or a Co compound, a Ti compound and an Sn compound in the stoichiometric amounts required by the said formula (I); and heat-treating the resultant mixture in the presence of from 0.1 to 20 wt%, based on said iron oxide, of a flux at a temperature of not less than the melting point of the flux. A magnetic card comprising: a non-magnetic substrate; and a magnetic layer which is provided on at least one part of said substrate and which contains particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2. A magnetic card according to claim 4, wherein said magnetic layer contains 100 parts by weight of said particles and from 10 to 50 parts by weight of a binder resin. A magnetic card according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the change of coercive force with temperature from -10°C to 120°C is from -1.5 to +1.5 Oe/°C, the coercive force is from 300 to 3500 Oe, the saturation magnetic flux density is from 1500 to 2500 Gauss, the residual magnetic flux density is from 1200 to 2250 Gauss, and the switching field distribution (S.F.D.) value is from 0.10 to 0.5.

Inventors: SANADA KAZUTOSHI, YAMAMOTO SHIGEHISA, SANADA, KAZUTOSHI, YAMAMOTO, SHIGEHISA
Applicants: TODA KOGYO CORP, TODA KOGYO CORP.
Application year: 1994
Main classification: H01F1
IPC codes: C09D7, C09D5, C01G49, G11B5, H01F1