Heat exchanger

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a pair of tanks (2, 3) spaced from each other and a plurality of parallel heat transfer tubes (6, 16) fluidly connected between the pair of tanks (2, 3). Each tube (6, 16) has end portions (6b, 16b) inserted into holes (2a, 3a) disposed in the tanks (2, 3). The end portions (6b, 16b) of each tube (6, 16) have a maximum diameter which is smaller than a central diameter of a central portion of the tube (6, 16). At least one of the end portions (6b, 16b) comprises a straight portion (6c, 16c) having the maximum diameter and a tapered portion (6d, 16d) extending from the straight portion (6c, 16c) with a tapering diameter gradually decreasing from the maximum diameter. Manufacturing this heat exchanger is easier because the tubes (6, 16) are easily inserted into the holes (2a, 3a) of the tanks (2, 3). Further, effective brazing between the tubes (6, 16) and the tanks (2, 3) may be achieved by the structure of the tube end portions (6b, 16b) having the straight portions (6c, 16c) and the tapered portions (6d, 16d) even if the length of the tubes (6, 16) vary slightly due to warping or improper manufacture.

Description: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger suitable for use in an air conditioning system for vehicles, and more particularly to improved end portions for heat transfer tubes in heat exchangers. Figs. 5-7 depict a conventional heat exchanger for use in an air conditioning system for vehicles. In Figs. 5 and 6, a heat exchanger 21 comprises a pair of tanks 22 and 23. Inlet pipe 24 and outlet pipe 25 are connected to tank 22. A plurality of heat transfer tubes 26 (for example, refrigerant tubes) are fluidly connected between tanks 22 and 23. Each tube 26 has a central portion 26a and end portions 26b having diameters which are smaller than the diameter of central portion 26a. End portions 26b are inserted into holes 22a and 23a disposed in tanks 22 and 23, respectively, and fixed to tanks 22 and 23 by brazing. A partition 27 is provided in tank 22 at a center portion thereof. A heat medium, for example, refrigerant, flows from inlet pipe 24 to outlet pipe 25 through the interior of tank 22, down heat transfer tubes 26, through the interior of tank 23, up heat transfer tubes 26 and through the interior of tank 22, as shown by arrows in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 depicts the structure of the connection between end portion 26b of each heat transfer tube 26 and tank 22 or 23. End portion 26b extends straight through tank 22 (23) and has a substantially uniform diameter which is smaller than the diameter of central portion 26a. End portion 26b is inserted through hole 22a (23a) and fixed to tank 22 (23) by brazing, welding, gluing or the like between the periphery of end portion 26b and the inner edge of hole 22a (23a). Gap A between the periphery of end portion 26b and the inner edge of hole 22a (23a) generally has a relatively small width, for example, not more than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in), so that a sufficiently thick layer of brazing material may be extended to uniformly cover end portion 26b. Other connecting methods such as gluing or welding may also be used. In such a case, the width of gap A is also relatively small, for example, not more than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in). Specifically, if the width of gap A is greater than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in), it is difficult to provide a sufficient amount of brazing material in the gap to enable proper brazing to occur. Providing end portions 26b as straight portions, however, presents difficulties in the manufacturing of the heat exchanger. Because the end portions 26b are straight and have a diameter which is only slightly less than the diameter of the holes, it is not easy to insert end portions 26b into holes 22a and 23a. Therefore, this type of heat transfer tube does not permit easy assembly of the heat exchanger. To solve such problems, another structure for end portions of heat transfer tubes shown in Fig. 8 has been designed. In this structure, a heat transfer tube 31 comprises a central portion 31a and end portions 31b. Each end portion 31b is tapered from central portion 31a, so that the diameter of end portion 31b gradually decreases from a maximum diameter at a base 32 to a minimum diameter at a tip 33. The width of gap A between base 32 and the inner edge of hole 22a (23a) of tank 22 (23) is equal not more than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in). In such a structure, because end portions 31b are tapered, they may be more easily inserted into holes 22a (23a). Therefore, this type of heat transfer tube permits easier assembly of the heat exchangers. In manufacturing this type of heat exchanger, however, sometimes central portion 31a is not long enough to properly position end portion 31b for brazing, as shown in Fig. 9. This problem often occurs because of warping of tube 31 or nonuniformity of the length of tubes 31 in the direction of the y-axis depicted in Figs. 6 and 9. When using tubes 31, as shown in Fig. 9, the width of gap A is enlarged by the discrepancy in the incorrect position along the y-axis of the tube end portion 31b. This enlargement of the width of gap A makes effective brazing more difficult. If gap A increases to a width greater than about 0.2 mm, it is difficult to provide enough brazing material to extend around the periphery of end portion 31a. If the width of gap A is much wider than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in), effective brazing becomes impossible. In other words, a tapered end portion allows for only small variations in the positioning of end portion within the hole of the tank due to the length of the tubes. If straight end portions 26b are used, however, a wider variation in the length of tubes 26 may be allowed. Because the diameter of straight end portion 26b may be substantially uniform, the width of gap A is substantially constant as long as end portion 26b is disposed in hole 22a (23a). It would be desirable to provide a heat exchanger including heat transfer tubes with a structure which is easy to assemble and permits a wide variation in the length of the tubes and thus position of the end portions along the y-axis for effective brazing of the tubes to the tanks. US-A-5046555 discloses a heat exchanger including a pair of spaced apart tanks each having a plurality of holes of uniform diameter, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fluidly connecting the pair of tanks, each heat transfer tube comprising a central portion having a central diameter and a first end portion which fits in one hole of the holes comprising a first tapered portion, having a first base and a first tip and having a first tapering diameter which decreases from the first base diameter at the first base to a first tip diameter at the first tip; and according to a first aspect of the present invention, such a heat exchanger is characterised in that the first end portion further comprises a first straight portion between the central body portion and the tapered portion having a first base diameter less than the central diameter. US-A-5046555 discloses a method of assembling a heat exchanger comprising a pair of tanks spaced from each other and having a plurality of holes of uniform diameter disposed therein, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of heat transfer tubes, each of the heat transfer tubes comprising a central portion having a central diameter, a first end portion comprising a first tapered portion, having a first base and a first tip and having a first tapering diameter which decreases from the first base diameter at the first base to a first tip diameter at the first tip and a second end portion; and according to a second aspect of the present invention, such a method is characterised in that the first end portion further comprises a first straight portion between the central portion and the first tapered portion and which has a first base diameter less than the central diameter; in that the second end portion has a second straight portion; and in that the method further comprises inserting the second end portions of the heat transfer tubes into respective holes in a first tank of the pair of tanks, positioning the straight portions of the second end portions in the respective holes of the first tank, inserting the first end portions of the heat transfer tubes into holes in a second tank of the pair of tanks, and positioning the straight portions of the first end portions in the holes of the second tank. In the heat exchanger according to the present invention, the tip of the end portion of each heat transfer tube is inserted into one of the holes of one of the tanks. Because the tip of the tapered portion has a diameter less than the diameter of the hole of the tank, the insertion may be performed with ease. After the tube is inserted, the straight portion of the end portion is positioned in the hole. Because the straight portion has a diameter which is the maximum diameter of the end portion, and because the maximum diameter is predetermined so that the width of the gap between the periphery of the straight portion and the inner edge of the hole is preferably a suitable distance for brazing therebetween, e.g., less than or equal to about 0.2 mm (0.008 in), even if the position of the end portion varies slightly in length, i.e., along the y-axis, the gap may still be maintained at a width suitable for brazing or otherwise connecting. Therefore, insertion of end portions of the heat transfer tubes is easily performed and a wider variation in the length of tubes is permitted while still providing suitable brazing width between the tubes and the holes of the tanks. In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged, partial, vertical cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger depicted in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger depicted in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a known heat exchanger. Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger depicted in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an enlarged, partial, vertical cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger depicted in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of another conventional heat exchanger. Fig. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the portion depicted in Fig. 8, showing a positioning of a tube. Referring to Figs. 1-3, a heat exchanger 1 is provided according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Heat exchanger 1 includes a pair of tanks 2 and 3. Inlet pipe 4 and outlet pipe 5 are connected to tank 2. A plurality of substantially parallel heat transfer tubes 6 (for example, refrigerant tubes) are fluidly connected between tanks 2 and 3. Heat transfer tubes 6 are arranged in columns and rows between tanks 2 and 3 of heat exchanger 1, as shown in Fig. 3. Each tube 6 has a central portion 6a and two end portions 6b having a maximum diameter less than the diameter of central portion 6a. The diameter of central portion 6a may be substantially uniform. A stepped portion 6e is formed between central portion 6a and each end portion 6b. Stepped portion 6e is substantially perpendicular to an axis through the diameter of both central portion 6a and a straight portion 6c. Central portion 6a and end portions 6b of each tube 6 each have circular cross-sections along the entire length of tube 6. End portions 6b are inserted into holes 2a and 3a defined on tanks 2 and 3, and fixed to the tanks by brazing. A partition 7 is provided in tank 2 at a central portion thereof. Holes 2a and 3a may have substantially equal diamaters. A heat medium, for example, refrigerant, flows from inlet pipe 4 to outlet pipe 5 through the interior of tank 2, down heat transfer tubes 6, through the interior of tank 3, up heat transfer tubes 6, and through the interior of tank 2, as shown by arrows in Fig. 1. As the heat medium flows through tubes 6, heat is exchanged between the heat medium and the atmosphere or an air flow passing between tubes 6 via the walls of tubes 6. Fig. 2 depicts the structure of connection between end portion 6b of heat transfer tubes 6 and tank 2 or 3. End portions 6b have a base diameter which is a maximum diameter D less than a central diameter D1 of central portion 6a of each heat transfer tube 6. In the embodiment of Fig. 2, both end portions 6b of each heat transfer tube 6 comprises a straight portion 6c and a tapered portion 6d. Straight portion 6c extends straight out from the end of central portion 6a, that is, from stepped portion 6e, and has a diameter which is equal to the maximum diameter D. Tapered portion 6d extends from the end of straight portion 6c, i.e. , base 41 to tip 40 of tube 6 with a diameter gradually decreasing from the maximum diameter D at base 41 to a tip diameter D3 at tip 40. In Fig. 2, end portion 6b is inserted into hole 2a (3a) defined on tank 2 (3), and straight portion 6c is positioned in hole 2a (3a). The maximum diameter D is predetermined, so that the width of gap A, Wg, between the periphery of straight portion 6c and the inner edge of hole 2a (3a), i.e. , Wg = (D2-D) x 1/2, where D2 is the hole diameter of hole 2a (3a), is a value suitable for brazing or otherwise connecting therebetween, for example, less than or equal to about 0.2 mm (0.008 in). Each tube 6 is fixed to tanks 2 and 3 by brazing mainly at the positions of both straight portions 6c. In the first embodiment, end portion 6b of each heat transfer tube 6 is inserted into hole 2a (3a) of tank 2 (3) via tip 40 of tapered portion 6d. Because minimum diameter D3 at tip 40 of tapered portion 6d is less than the hole diameter D2 of hole 2a (3a), the insertion of the tube may be made with ease. After the tube is inserted, straight portion 6c is positioned in hole 2a (3a). Because straight portion 6c has a diameter equal to the maximum diameter D, even if stepped portion 6e does not abut tank 2 (3) due to a slight variation in the length of tube 6, gap A may still be maintained at a suitable width for brazing or otherwise connecting. Because the width of gap A is predetermined to a suitable value for brazing, for example, less than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in), effective brazing occurs. Specifically a brazing material may be provided to adequately extend over the periphery of straight portion 6c and the inner edge of hole 2a (3a) in gap A. As a result, effective brazing may be maintained. Thus, in this heat exchanger, insertion of end portions 6b is easy, and effective brazing between the tubes 6 and the holes 2a and 3a of tanks 2 and 3 may be achieved in the manufacturing process of the heat exchanger. In addition, effective brazing may be obtained even if slight variations in the y-axis position of end portions 6b occur. This provides further improvement and uniformity in the quality of the heat exchanger. Fig. 4 depicts a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, straight portion 16c and tapered portion 16d are formed only on one end portion 16b of each heat transfer tube 16. The other end portion 16f of each tube 16 is formed merely as a straight pipe. In the manufacturing of a heat exchanger 11, end portions 16f are inserted into holes 3a of tank 3. Next, end portions 16b are inserted into holes 2a of tank 2. When end portions 16f are inserted into holes 3a, the end portions are easily inserted even if the end portions are straight. Nevertheless, if end portions 16b are also straight, the insertion thereof into holes 2a is difficult as aforementioned in the explanation of the related art. In this embodiment, because each end portion 16b has straight portion 16c and tapered portion 16d, an easy insertion of each tube 16 may be achieved by tapered portion 16d, and excellent brazing between tube 16 and tank 2 may be ensured by straight portion 16c. Thus, even if straight portion 16c and tapered portion 16d are formed only on one end portion 16b of each heat transfer tube 16, effective brazing and easy manufacture are still obtained.

Claims: A heat exchanger including a pair of spaced apart tanks (2,3) each having a plurality of holes (2a,3a) of uniform diameter, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes (6,16) fluidly connecting the pair of tanks (2,3), each heat transfer tube (6,16) comprising a central portion (6a,16a) having a central diameter and a first end portion (6b,16b) which fits in one of the holes (2a,3a) and comprising a first tapered portion (6d,16d), having a first base (41) and a first tip (40) and having a first tapering diameter which decreases from the first base diameter at the first base (41) to a first tip diameter at the first tip (40); characterised in that the first end portion (6b,16b) further comprises a first straight portion (6c,16c) between the central body portion (6a,16a) and the tapered portion (6d,16d) having a first base diameter less than the central diameter. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat transfer tubes (6, 16) are arranged in columns and rows between the tanks of the heat exchanger. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each of the tubes (6) further comprises a stepped portion (6e) formed between the straight portion (6c) and the central portion (6a), the stepped portion (6e) being substantially perpendicular to the straight portion (6c) and the central portion (6a). A heat exchanger according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the heat exchanger further comprises a second end portion (6b) comprising a second straight portion (6c) having a second base diameter less than the central diameter and a second tapered portion (6d), the second tapered portion (6d) comprising a second base (41) and a second tip (40) and having a second tapering diameter which decreases from the second base diameter at the second base (41) to a second tip diameter at the second tip (40). A heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat exchanger further comprises a second end portion having a second straight portion (16f) having a second base diameter less than the central diameter, and each of the straight portions (6c,16f) being positioned in one of the holes (3a) and brazed to the tank (3). A heat exchanger according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each of the end portions (6b,16b) of the heat transfer tubes (6,16) have circular cross-sections. A heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the first end portions (6b) is connected to a first tank (2) of the pair of tanks (2, 3) and the second end portions (6b) are connected to a second tank (3) of the pair of tanks (2,3). A heat exchanger according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the end portions (6b,16b) of each heat transfer tube (6,16) are fixed to the tanks (2,3) by brazing. A heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the heat transfer tubes (6,16) has a circular cross section. A heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the straight portion (6c,16c) and an inner edge of a corresponding hole (2a,3a) define a gap (A) having a width less than or equal to about 0.2 mm (0.008 in). A heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat transfer tubes (6,16) are substantially parallel. A method of assembling a heat exchanger comprising a pair of tanks (2,3) spaced from each other and having a plurality of holes (2a,3a) of uniform diameter disposed therein, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of heat transfer tubes (6,16), each of the heat transfer tubes (6,16) comprising a central portion (6a,16a) having a central diameter, a first end portion (6b,16b) comprising a first tapered portion (6d,16d), having a first base (41) and a first tip (40) and having a first tapering diameter which decreases from the first base diameter at the first base (41) to a first tip diameter at the first tip (40) and a second end portion (6b); characterised in that the first end portion (6b,16b) further comprises a first straight portion (6c,16c) between the central portion (6a,16a) and the first tapered portion (6d,16d) and which has a first base diameter less than the central diameter; in that the second end portion (6b) has a second straight portion (6c,16f); and in that the method further comprises inserting the second end portions of the heat transfer tubes (6,16) into respective holes (3a) in a first tank (3) of the pair of tanks (2,3), positioning the straight portions (6c,16f) of the second end portions in the respective holes (3a) of the first tank (3), inserting the first end portions (6b, 16b) of the heat transfer tubes (6, 16) into holes (2a) in a second tank (2) of the pair of tanks (2, 3), and positioning the straight portions (6c, 16c) of the first end portions (6b, 16b) in the holes (2a) of the second tank (2). A method according to claim 12, wherein the second end portions (6b) of the plurality of heat transfer tubes (6) further comprise a second tapered portion (6d), the second tapered portion (6d) comprising a second base (41) and a second tip (40) and having a second tapering diameter which decreases from the second base diameter at the second base (41) to a second tip diameter at the second tip (40). A method according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein a difference between the first and second base diameters and a hole diameter of an inner edge of each hole (2a,3a) is sufficiently small to permit effective brazing. A method according to claim 14, wherein the difference is less than about 0.2 mm (0.008 in). A method according to any of claims 12 to 15, further comprising the steps of: inserting a brazing material in a gap (A) formed between the straight portion (6c) of the heat transfer tubes (6) and an inner edge of the respective holes (2a,3a) of the tank (2,3); and brazing the heat transfer tubes (6) to the tank (2,3) using the brazing material in the gap (A). A method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein each of the heat transfer tubes (6) has a circular cross-section.

Inventors: CHIBA TOMOHIRO, CHIBA, TOMOHIRO
Applicants: SANDEN CORP, SANDEN CORPORATION
Application year: 1994
Main classification: F28F9
IPC codes: F28F9