Die for press-molding optical elements and methods of manufacturing and using the same

Abstract: A die for press-molding glass optical elements which can press-mold glass optical elements having high melting points and various shapes repeatedly, which includes a base material (13) having high strength on which a cutting layer (12) having heat resistance and free cutting machinability is formed. After cutting the cutting layer (12) into the desired shape with high accuracy, the die is coated with a surface protective film (11) of an alloy. The cutting layer (12) comprises a Cu-alloy film.

Description: This invention relates to a die used for the press-molding process of glass optical elements, and to methods of manufacturing the die and using the same. In order to press-mold glass optical elements having high accuracy repeatedly by means of a die, it is necessary to use a die material which is stable at high temperatures, has excellent resistance to oxidation, and is inert with respect to glass. In addition, the material must have excellent mechanical strength so that the surface accuracy is maintained when pressed. On the other hand, the material must have excellent machinability so as to be machined precisely and easily. It is disclosed that die materials which meet these requirements to some degree are a mixed material consisting of titanium carbide (TiC) and metal (JP-A-59-121126) or a material comprising a base material of cemented carbide on which a precious metal film is formed (JP-A-62-963311). However, the conventional materials of the die do not meet the above-mentioned requirements completely. For example, the material of the die using a mixed material of TiC and metal has excellent mechanical strength, but is poor in machinability due to its extreme hardness. Thus, it is difficult to machine with high accuracy. In addition, this material has a further defect in that it easily reacts to lead (Pb) or an alkaline element contained in glass optical elements . When a material comprises a base material of cemented carbide on which a precious metal film is formed, a diamond wheel is used to machine the cemented carbide. At this time, it is difficult to form a fine shape due to wear of the diamond wheel. Therefore, a special processing device is needed. Furthermore, there are problems that the process take a long time and that the die is extremely expensive. A further problem is that a diamond tool used for cutting the hard base material is worn down during the process. Therefore, it is impossible to proceed with the cutting, and a shape having a small radius of curvature which can not be attained by a grinding process can not be fabricated. JP-A-62-3031 and JP-A-3-23230 disclose dies and methods of manufacturing dies comprising the features defining the preamble of claims 1 and 3. However, using the above-noted manufacturing methods, the film formed as a cutting layer did not have sufficient strength so that the die was deformed when press-molded. Therefore, it was actually impossible to mold at high temperatures of 650°C and higher. It is an object of this invention to solve the above-noted problems by providing a die for press-molding glass optical elements having high melting points or temperatures and various shapes repeatedly. This was not possible with conventional grinding methods. In order to accomplish these and other objects and advantages, a die for press-molding glass optical elements in the invention comprises a base material having heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand the press-molding process of glass optical elements, and a cutting layer formed on said base material comprising, an alloy film containing copper (Cu). The cutting layer is covered with an alloy film which includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), ruthenium (Ru), rhenium (Re), tungsten (W), and tantalum (Ta). It is preferable in this embodiment that an intermediate layer comprising at least one film selected from the group consisting of metal, carbide, nitride, and oxide is present between the base material and the cutting layer. Furthermore, in this embodiment the alloy film containing Cu is a Cu-alloy film containing 20 to 80 % by atom (hereinafter abbreviated as at %) of one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir. The method of manufacturing a die for press-molding in a second embodiment of this invention comprises forming a base material having heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand the press-molding process of glass optical elements into a shape similar to a desired shape of the die, forming a cutting layer on said base material comprising, an alloy film containing Cu, by means of at least one method selected from the group consisting of a plating method, an evaporation method, a sputtering method, and an ion plating method, and covering the cutting layer with an alloy film which includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W, and Ta. It is preferable that this embodiment further comprises forming an intermediate layer comprising at least one film selected from the group consisting of metal, carbide, nitride, and oxide between the base material and the cutting layer by means of at least one method selected from the group consisting of a plating method, an evaporation method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Furthermore, in this embodiment the alloy film containing Cu is a Cu-alloy film containing 20 to 80 at % of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir. The inventive method of press-molding glass optical elements with a die is used for press-molding glass optical elements at a temperature of 650°C and higher. After the cutting layer is cut with high surface accuracy, an alloy film containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W, and Ta is formed as a protective film on the cutting layer. In this way, a die is provided which can be used to press-mold glass optical elements having high melting points or temperatures and various shapes. By press-molding an optical glass at the temperature of 650°C and higher repeatedly, a large quantity of glass optical elements having high melting points and various shapes at a low cost can be produced which was impossible using conventional methods. Furthermore, by forming an intermediate layer between the base material and the cutting layer comprising at least one film made from a material selected from the group consisting of metal, carbide, nitride, and oxide, it is possible to prevent the cutting layer from peeling, and it improves the durability of the die. A die for press-molding glass optical elements which is manufactured according to the above-noted method, has sufficient strength to withstand the press-molding process by using a base material having excellent heat resistance and strength. This invention enables the die to be cut into a desired shape easily with high accuracy by forming a cutting layer which comprises a Cu-alloy film containing 20 to 80 at % of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir. In addition, this die also attains the heat resistance and the strength at high temperatures which can stand the press-molding process of glass at a temperature of 650 °C and higher. The die also prevents itself from welding with the glass by forming an alloy film containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W, and Ta as a surface protective film. As a result, this invention enables production of a press-molding die for glass having a high melting point and various shapes. By press-molding the glass using the die of this invention, it enables production of a large quantity of glass optical elements having high melting points and various shapes at a low cost which was impossible by the conventional grinding process. Furthermore, by forming an intermediate layer comprising at least one film made of a material selected from the group consisting of metal, carbide, nitride, and oxide, the adhesive strength between the base material and the cutting layer improves, and this prevents the film from peeling. Thus, it enables improved durability of the die. FIG. 1 is an outline view of a press-molding machine used in one embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of this invention showing a die for press-molding glass optical elements. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of this invention showing a press-molding die for glass optical elements. This invention is specifically described by referring to the following illustrative examples and attached figures. Example 1 A molding die of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the molding die of this embodiment comprises a base material of cemented carbide 43 on top of which a cutting layer 42 is formed into a desired shape with high accuracy. Furthermore, an alloy protective layer 41 is formed on cutting layer 42 for protection. A manufacturing method of the molding die shown in FIG. 2 is described as follows. First of all, base material of cemented carbide 43 is processed into the shape similar to the desired shape by means of electrical discharge machining. Then, cutting layer 42 is formed by a sputtering method on top of the base material 43 which is roughly processed by the electrical discharge machining. After that, the cutting layer 42 is cut using a diamond tool, forming the cutting layer 42 into a desired shape with high accuracy. When this method is explained in detail by providing specific values, base material of cemented carbide 43 is a cemented carbide material mainly comprising tungsten carbide (WC) of 6 mm-diameter and 10 mm thickness which is roughly processed by electrical discharge machining into upper and lower dies having hollow-shaped press surfaces of 1 mm radius of curvature. Cutting layer 42 is formed on top of the roughly processed die with a thickness of about 15 µm. By cutting precisely the cutting layer 12, a hollow-shaped die of 1 mm radius of curvature was obtained with high accuracy which was difficult to attain with a conventional grinding process. In addition, this method required only 1/10 of the time needed for a conventional grinding process. In order to conduct the press-molding process by using the die of FIG. 2, this molding die is disposed in a press-molding machine shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 21 denotes a fixing block for an upper die; 22, a heater for the upper die; 23, the upper die; 24, a glass material; 25, a lower die; 26, a heater for the lower die; 27, a fixing block for the lower die; 28, a cover; 29, a body for the die; 210, a plunger; 211, a positioning sensor; 212, a stopper. Then, dense barium crown glass (SK-12) 24 manufactured by SUMITA OPTICAL GLASS, INC. which was processed into a spherical shape having a radius of 1 mm is placed on lower die 25, and upper die 23 is placed on the top. In this condition, the temperature was raised to 650°C, and the pressure was kept at about 40kg/cm 2 in a nitrogen atmosphere for two minutes. After that, the temperature was lowered to 550°C in this condition, and the pressure was then released. After it was cooled to room temperature, the molded glass lens was taken out, and the press-molding process of the glass optical element was completed. After repeating this press-molding process 10,000 times, upper and lower dies 23, 25 were removed from the press-molding machine,- and the condition of the press surfaces were observed with an optical microscope. At the same time, the surface roughness (root mean square (RMS) value, nm) of the pressed surface was measured, and the accuracy of each die was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 (a) and (b). In Table 1, "surface condition" refers to the observed results of the optical microscope. The units for surface roughness used in Table 1 are is all nm. The cutting layer used in this embodiment is a Cu binary alloy layer. In particular, suitable Cu binary alloys include, for example, Cu-Ni, Cu-Co, Cu-Fe, Cu-Si, Cu-Ti, Cu-Zr, Cu-Nb, Cu-Mo, Cu-Ru, Cu-Rh, Cu-Pd, Cu-Hf, Cu-Ta, Cu-W, Cu-Re, and Cu-Os. In order to form these binary alloy films, a Cu chip having a size of 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm is arranged equally on top of disk targets of Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re or Os having a diameter of 15 cm (6 inches). There are used as the target material for the sputtering process. At the same time, by changing the number of the Cu-chip arranged on the disk targets, it is possible to control the composition of Cu binary alloys being formed. A Pt-Rh alloy protective layer was formed with a thickness of 3 µm on the cutting layer by the sputtering method. The thickness of the cutting layer consisting of the Cu binary alloy was determined to be about 15 µm. Referring to FIG. 2, reference numeral 41 denotes a Pt-Rh alloy protective layer covering the press surface; 42, a CU-Ti alloy cutting film; 43, a base material of cemented carbide. These dies are placed in the press-molding machine shown in FIG. 1. Then, dense barium crown glass (SK-12) 24 which was processed into a spherical shape with a radius of 1 mm was press-molded. The results are shown in Table 1 (a) and (b). The percentage content of Cu in the composition was controlled within the range of 20 to 80 at %. This is due to the fact that a diamond tool is worn when cut with a Cu content of less than 20 at %, while the shape is deformed when pressed with Cu content of more than 80 at % due to hardness deterioration. As mentioned above, the percentage content of Cu was controlled by changing the number of the Cu-chip arranged on disk targets. (a) Results of Press Experiment After pressing 10,000 times Sample No. Type of die Surface roughness before pressing (RMS, nm) Surface roughness (RMS, nm) Surface condition 94 Cu(20)-Ni(80) 1.03 1.04 satisfactory 95 Cu(50)-Ni(50) 1.05 1.07 satisfactory 96 Cu(80)-Ni(20) 1.04 1.05 satisfactory 97 Cu(20)-Co(80) 1.07 1.08 satisfactory 98 Cu(50)-Co(50) 1.03 1.04 satisfactory 99 Cu(80)-Co(20) 1.04 1.05 satisfactory 100 Cu(20)-Fe(80) 1.06 1.07 satisfactory 101 Cu(50)-Fe(50) 1.03 1.05 satisfactory 102 Cu(80)-Fe(20) 1.02 1.03 satisfactory 103 Cu(20)-Si(80) 1.05 1.06 satisfactory 104 Cu(50)-Si(50) 1.04 1.05 satisfactory 105 Cu(80)-Si(20) 1.06 1.08 satisfactory 106 Cu(20)-Ti(80) 1.05 1.07 satisfactory 107 Cu(50)-Ti(50) 1.04 1.05 satisfactory 108 Cu(80)-Ti(20) 1.06 1.07 satisfactory 109 Cu(20)-Zr(80) 1.03 1.04 satisfactory 110 Cu(50)-Zr(50) 1.05 1.07 satisfactory 111 Cu(80)-Zr(20) 1.01 1.04 satisfactory 112 Cu(20)-Nb(80) 1.07 1.08 satisfactory 113 Cu(50)-Nb(50) 1.04 1.05 satisfactory 114 Cu(80)-Nb(20) 1.01 1.03 satisfactory 115 Cu(20)-Mo(80) 1.05 1.06 satisfactory (b) Results of Press Experiment After pressing 10,000 times Sample No. Type of die Surface roughness before pressing (RMS, nm) Surface roughness (RMS, nm) Surface condition 116 Cu(50)-Mo(50) 1.04 1.04 satisfactory 117 Cu(80)-Mo(20) 1.05 1.07 satisfactory 118 Cu(20)-Ru(80) 1.05 1.06 satisfactory 119 Cu(50)-Ru(50) 1.05 1.06 satisfactory 120 Cu(80)-Ru(20) 1.07 1.08 satisfactory 121 Cu(20)-Rh(80) 1.03 1.04 satisfactory 122 Cu(50)-Rh(50) 1.08 1.09 satisfactory 123 Cu(80)-Rh(20) 1.05 1.07 satisfactory 124 Cu(20)-Pd(80) 1.03 1.05 satisfactory 125 Cu(50)-Pd(50) 1.06 1.07 satisfactory 126 Cu(80)-Pd(20) 1.01 1.03 satisfactory 127 Cu(20)-Hf(80) 1.06 1.08 satisfactory 128 Cu(50)-Hf(50) 1.06 1.06 satisfactory 129 Cu(80)-Hf(20) 1.07 1.09 satisfactory 130 Cu(20)-Ta(80) 1.02 1.05 satisfactory 131 Cu(50)-Ta(50) 1.03 1.06 satisfactory 132 Cu(80)-Ta(20) 1.04 1.05 satisfactory 133 Cu(20)-W (80) 1.02 1.04 satisfactory 134 Cu(50)-W (50) 1.06 1.07 satisfactory 135 Cu(80)-W (20) 1.05 1.08 satisfactory 136 Cu(20)-Re(80) 1.01 1.03 satisfactory 137 Cu(50)-Re(50) 1.04 1.06 satisfactory 138 Cu(80)-Re(20) 1.05 1.05 satisfactory 139 Cu(20)-0s(80) 1.07 1.08 satisfactory 140 Cu(50)-0s(50) 1.01 1.03 satisfactory 141 Cu(80)-0s(20) 1.05 1.07 satisfactory Furthermore, a comparative experiment was conducted. A Ni-P film was formed as the cutting layer on the base material of cemented carbide by the electroless plating method, and the Pt-Rh alloy film was used as a protective layer to form the die. The press-molding process took place repeatedly under exactly the same molding conditions. The results of this experiment are shown in Table 2 Results of Comparative Experiment Sample No. Type of die Surface roughness before pressing (RMS, nm) After pressing 100 times Surface roughness (RMS, nm) Surface condition 1 Ni-P plated film 1.03 6.27 Enlarged crack When the die used in comparative sample No. 93 was used for molding, the glass did not adhere to the die, but the plated layer began to crack after being press-molded several times. After press-molding 100 times, the crack on the plated surface enlarged. The die did not stand any more use because the crack was transcribed on the lens, thereby deteriorating the quality of the lens. This is due to the fact that Ni-P plated film which was used as the cutting layer did not have sufficient heat resistance to withstand the heat cycle of the press-molding process when the glass having a high melting point is press-molded repeatedly. On the other hand, according to the dies of this invention shown in Sample Nos. 94 to No. 141, the dies did not crack even after being press-molded 10,000 times, and the surface condition remained almost the same. The surface roughness has hardly changed. It shows that these dies can press-mold glass having a high melting point, such as SK-12. As a result, by press-molding glass by means of the press-molding of this invention, it is possible to press-mold a large quantity of glass optical elements having high melting points and shapes which are difficult to attain by a grinding process. Accordingly, all the requirements which are necessary to directly press-mold the above-mentioned glass optical elements with high accuracy were met. It enabled press-molding a large quantity of glass optical elements having high melting points and shapes which was impossible using conventional methods. Cemented carbide consisting mainly of WC was used as the base material of the die for press-molding in this embodiment. It goes without saying that any cther material can be used to attain the same results as long as it has heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand the press-molding process of optical glass. However, it is preferable to use cemented carbide consisting mainly of WC, cermet consisting mainly of TiN or TiC, or WC sintered compact. As far as the protective layer is concerned, Pt-Rh was used in-this embodiment, but the same results could be attained by using an alloy film of precious metal which includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W and Ta. Example 2 A die for press-molding in this embodiment has an intermediate layer on the surface on which an alloy cutting layer and a protective layer are formed. The dimensions of the die are the same as in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, it is possible to use, for example, films of Ni, SiC, TiN, and Ta 2 O 5 . In practice, an intermediate layer can be used when it is formed with a thickness of about 1 µm by the sputtering method and so forth. As for the cutting layer, it is possible to use, for example, an alloy film of Cu-Ti. This cutting layer is applicable when it is formed with a thickness of 15 µm by the sputtering method. The alloy cutting layer can be cut into a surface with extreme accuracy with use of a diamond tool. By cutting the alloy film in this way, a hollow-shaped die of 1 mm radius of curvature could be obtained with extreme accuracy which was difficult to attain in a conventional grinding process. In addition, this method required only 1/10 of the time needed for the conventionai grinding process. A Pt-Ta alloy protective layer was formed with a thickness of 3 µm on the cutting layer by the sputtering method. A cross-sectional view of a die for press-molding produced in this way is shown in FIG. 3 in which a SiC film is used for the intermediate layer and a Cu-Ti alloy film for the cutting layer. Referring to FIG. 3, reference numeral 71 denotes a Pt-Ta alloy protective layer covering the press surface; 72, a Cu-Ti alloy cutting film; 73, a SiC film; and 74, a base material of cemented carbide. This die was used to press-mold dense barium crown glass (SK-12) 24 which was processed into a spherical shape having a radius of 1 mm under the same conditions as in the first embodiment. After repeating this press-molding process 10,000 times, 30,000 times, and 50,000 times, upper and lower dies 23, 25 were removed from the press-molding machine, and the condition of the pressed surfaces was observed with an optical microscope. At the same time, the surface roughness (RMS value, nm) of the pressed surface was measured, and the accuracy of each die was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3. Results of Press Experiment Sample No. Type of die intermediate layer Surface roughness before pressing (RMS,nm) Surface condition after pressing 10,000 times (RMS,nm) 30,000 times (RMS,nm) 50,000 times (RMS,nm) 262 Cu-Ti Ni 1.04 1.05 1.07 1.09 263 Cu-Ti SiC 1.04 1.06 1.07 1.08 264 Cu-Ti TiN 1.03 1.03 1.06 1.07 265 Cu-Ti Ta205 1.03 1.04 1.06 1.06 As a comparative experiment, a Ni-P plated film was formed as the cutting layer on a base material of cemented carbide by the electroless plating method, and Pt-Ta alloy film was used as a protective layer to form the die. The same press-molding process took place, and the accuracy of each die was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4. Results of Comparative Experiment Sample No. Type of die Surface roughness before pressing (RMS, nm) After pressing 100 times Surface roughness (RMS, nm) Surface condition 248 Ni-P plated film 1.07 5.49 Transcribed crack When the molding die of comparative Sample No. 248 was molded, the glass did not adhere to this die, but the plated layer began to crach after press-molded several times. After press-molding 100 times, the crack on the plated surface enlarged. The die did not stand any more use because the crack was transcribed on the lens, thereby deteriorating the quality of the lens. Furthermore, the die in this embodiment has characteristics superior to the dies shown in the first embodiment, as shown in the following. As the cutting layer in the first embodiment (i.e., Example 1), an alloy film of Cu-Ti, was formed using Pt-Ta alloy film as a protective layer. After press-molding this die 10,000 times. 30,000 times and 40,000 times, the condition of the press surfaces was observed with an optical microscope. At the same time, the surface roughness (RMS value, nm) of the press surface were measured, and the accuracy of the die was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. Results of Comparative Experiment Sample No. Type of die Surface roughness before pressing (RMS, nm) Surface condition after pressing 10,000 times (RMS,nm) 30,000 times (RMS,nm) 40,000 times (RMS,nm) 251 Cu-Ti 1.05 1.12 2.07 Peeled In the Sample No. 251 the molding die did not have rough surfaces,. and the film did not peel or crack even after press-molded 30,000 times repeatedly. This shows the superior characteristics compared to the conventional dies. However, the films peeled off from the base material when press-molded 40,000 times so that the process had to be stopped then. On the other hand, the dies in the Sample Nos. 262 to 265 of this embodiment did not crack even after being press-molded 50,000 times repeatedly. The surface condition remained almost the same. The surface roughness hardly changed. This shows that these dies can press-mold glass having a high melting point, such as SK-12. Accordingly, by press-molding glass by means of the dies forpress-molding of this invention, it is possible to press-mold a large quantity of glass optical elements having high melting points and shapes which was difficult to attain by a grinding process. As a result, all the requirements which are necessary to directly press-mold the above-mentioned glass optical elements with high accuracy were met. It enabled press-molding a large quantity of the glass optical elements having high melting points and shapes which was impossible prior to this invention. Cemented carbide consisting mainly of WC was used as the base material of the die for press-molding in this embodiment. It goes without saying that any other material can be used to attain the same results that has heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand the press-molding process of optical glass. However, it is preferable to use cemented carbide mainly consisting of WC, cermet mainly consisting of TiN or TiC, or WC sintered compact. As for the intermediate layer, Ni, SiC, TiN, and Ta 2 O 5 were used. It goes without saying that the same results can be obtained by using intermediate layers consisting of other metal, carbide, nitride, and oxide. As far as the protective layer is concerned, Pt-Ir was used in-this embodiment, but the same results could be attained by using an alloy film of precious metal which includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W and Ta. Furthermore, this embodiment referred to the manufacturing process of a hollow-shaped die with 1 mm radius of curvature. Shapes which are difficult to attain with conventional grinding methods, such as dies for non-axisymmetric lenses or microprism arrays, can also be processed with this method.

Claims: A die for press-molding glass optical elements comprising: a base material having heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand press-molding of opti al glass elements; a Cu-alloy film on said base material to form a cutting layer containing Cu ; and a surface protective layer made of an alloy film which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd. Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W, and Ta, characterized in that said Cu-alloy film to form a cutting layer containing Cu contains 20 to 80 atom % of one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W. Re, Os, and Ir. A die for press-molding glass optical elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein an intermediate layer comprising at least one film comprising a material selected from the group consisting of metal, carbide, nitride, and oxide is present between said base material and said cutting layer A method of manufacturing a die for press-molding glass optical elements, comprising the steps of: forming a base material having heat resistance and sufficient strength to press-mold glass optical elements into a shape similar to a desired shape; forming a film comprising a Cu-alloy film by means of at least one method selected from the group consisting of a plating method, an evaporation method, a sputtering method, and an ion plating method on top of said base material to form a cutting layer containing Cu; cutting said cutting layer precisely to the desired shape; and forming an alloy film containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W, and Ta on top of said cutting layer, characterized in that said Cu-alloy film to form a cutting layer containing Cu contains 20 to 80 atom % of one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo. Ru, Rh, Pd. Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir. Use of the die as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for press-molding glass optical elements at a temperature of 650°C and higher.

Inventors: INOUE KENJI, KASHIWAGI YOSHINARI, KATAOKA HIDENAO, MORIMOTO SATORU, NAKAMURA SHOJI, UMETANI MAKOTO, INOUE, KENJI, KASHIWAGI, YOSHINARI                           TD., KATAOKA, HIDENAO, MORIMOTO, SATORU, NAKAMURA, SHOJI, UMETANI, MAKOTO, Inoue, Kenji, c/o Matsushita Elec Ind Ltd., Kashiwagi, Yoshinari, c/o Matsushita Elec Ind Ltd., Kataoka, Hidenao, c/o Matsushita Elec Ind Ltd., Morimoto, Satoru,c/o Matsushita Elec Ind Ltd., Nakamura, Shoji,c/o Matsushita Elec Ind Ltd., Umetani, Makoto, c/o Matsushita Elec Ind Ltd.
Applicants: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD, MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD
Application year: 1994
Main classification: C03B11
IPC codes: C23C14, B32B15, C23C28, C03B11, B29C43