Drum lead measuring method for precisely evaluating lead shape

Abstract: Any shapes of leads (L) formed on various types of drums (10) may be measured without employing an exclusively-used profiling plane by a lead shape measuring apparatus (700). The lead shape measuring apparatus (700) includes a shape measuring unit (190) for measuring a shape of a lead (L) formed on a drum (10) used in a VTR while a theoretical value suitable to this lead shape is varied.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring a lead of a work, for example, a drum used to record a signal on a tape and/or to reproduce the signal from the tape, on which the lead is fabricated. Description of the Prior Art Recently, there has been available approximately 100 sorts of drums involving the drums for VTRs (video tape recorders) for consumers as well as VTRs for business use. As to the drums, there has been proposed a lead measuring method for measuring the shape of the lead fabricated on the drum (e.g., the lower drum) on the basis of this drum per se, and also the lead measuring method for measuring the shape of the lead on the basis of the rotation shaft of the drum which has been assembled with respect to the rotation shaft of the drum. In addition thereto, the theoretical values for the variation amounts ( π x drum diameter "D" x tan lead "" ) of the respective lead shapes are different from each other with regard to 100 sorts of drums, so that the positions along the upper and lower direction would be changed. Under such circumstances, every time the measuring method is changed and also the sort of drums to be measured is changed, the exclusively-used measuring machines should be manufactured in order to measure such different shapes of the leads formed on the drums. There is another problem in case of manufacturing of such an exclusively-used measuring machine that this measuring machine should possess either an exclusively-used copying (profiling) plane, or an exclusively-used copying (profiling) means. The copying plane, or means, has a shape approximated to, for example, the theoretical value of the lead's shape. A hob tester for measuring the profile of a helical external thread provided on a workpiece is disclosed in an article entitled "The New Hob Tester, Model PCD-50 HB", published on pages 57 to 61 of "Microtecnic", No. 3, October 1982, Zurich, Switzerland. The end of a feeler arm mounted on a slide carriage rests on the external thread of the workpiece which may rotate about its axis. The movements of the workpiece and of the slide carriage are periodically halted so that measurements can be made of the rotational position of the workpiece and of the position of the feeler arm. WO-A-90/12277 describes an apparatus for measuring the profile of a wide variety of objects, such as the profile of a helical external thread provided on a workpiece which is rotatable about its axis. A feeler portion of a sensor rests on the external thread and detects the profile of the thread at each new rotational position of the workpiece. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to in an attempt to solve the above-described problem, and therefore, has an object to provide a lead measuring method and a lead measuring apparatus capable of measuring shapes of any sorts of drums without employing a copying plane, or a profiling means. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lead measuring method and a lead measuring apparatus capable of evaluating shapes of leads in high precision. To achieve the above-explained objects, a drum lead measuring method according to one aspect of the present invention, is characterized by comprising the following steps: a theoretical value of a shape of a lead is previously prepared; a measuring port which is moved over a trace approximated to the theoretical value of the lead shape, is in contact with the lead to measure the shape of said lead, thereby obtaining an actual moving amount of said measuring port while said measuring port is travelled over the trace approximated to the theoretical value; a difference between the actual moving amount of the measuring port and the trace approximated to the theoretical value of the shape of the lead is calculated; and only the shape of the lead is extracted based on said difference and said shape of the lead measured by said measuring port. Preferably, in accordance with the present invention, both the shape of the above-explained lead and the actual moving amount of the above-described measuring port are measured along a direction parallel to a central shaft of the drum. With the above-described arrangement, when the shape of the lead fabricated on the drum is measured, the shape measuring means may measure the shape of the lead, depending on the sort of drum, by varying the information of the theoretical value related to the lead shapes at the various angles, in correspondence with the sort of drum. Thus, the drum lead measuring method according to the invention may be applied to a drum having a lead for guiding a tape and used to record a signal on the tape and/or reproduce the signal from the tape, said drum being chosen among a plurality of drums of different sorts, wherein the information of the theoretical value related to the shape of said lead is chosen in accordance with the sort of said drum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made of the detailed descriptions to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a side view for representing an assembly of a shaft rotary type lower drum to be measured by a lead measuring apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the lower drum shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a construction of a lead measuring apparatus according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a plan view for indicating a portion of drum supporting means shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram for representing a control system employed in the lead measuring apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a flow chart for explaining a method for measuring a shape of a lead; Fig. 7 is a graphic representation for indicating differences between the theoretical values and the data detected by the moving amount detecting means, as plotted at the respective angles; Fig. 8 is a graphic representation for showing actually measured data by the measuring portion unit; Fig. 9 is a graphic representation for indicating the calculated data, i.e., the data about only the lead shape; Fig. 10 is an illustration used to explain the theoretical value of the lead shape; Fig. 11 schematically shows a series of operations from the commencement of the lead shape measurement until the completion of this lead shape measurement; Fig. 12 is a side view for showing an assembly of a shaft fixing type lower drum to be measured by the lead measuring apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 13 is a sectional view for representing the lower drum shown in Fig. 12; and Fig. 14 schematically indicates a lead measuring apparatus, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, for measuring the lead formed on the lower drum shown in Fig. 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the accompanying drawings, a lead measuring method/apparatus according to a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. Although the technically preferable various limitations have been made in the below-mentioned preferred embodiments, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited thereto, but may be modified, changed, and substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In Figs. 1 and 2, there are represented a lower drum 10 functioning as one example of a work to be measured by a lead measuring apparatus (will be described later) according to the present invention. This lower drum 10 will also be referred to a fixed drum, and corresponds to a lower drum assembly i.e., a shaft rotary type lower drum. In other words, the lower drum 10 is rotatably mounted to a shaft 100 by means of a bearing 101. The lower drum 10 possesses a lead "L". In Fig. 2, a reference plane of this lower drum is indicated by symbol P1, whereas a lead plane is denoted by symbol P2. This lead "L" is formed on the lower drum 10 in order to guide a video tape. As previously explained, this lower drum 10 corresponds to the shaft rotary type lower drum. A diameter of this shaft rotary type lower drum is selected to be, for example, 70 to 80 mm. Preferably, this lower drum 10 is such a drum applicable to, for example, a non-consumer type VTR. The lower drum 10 is utilized to be combined with an upper drum 120 as indicated by a dot and dash line. The upper drum 120 is mounted on the shaft 100. Either a single head, or a plurality of heads are mounted on this upper drum 120. With this head mounted on the upper drum 120, a signal may be recorded on, or reproduced from a video tape (not shown in detail) traveled along this lead "L". Basically speaking, the lead plane P2 of this lead "L" is measured by way of a lead measuring apparatus 700 with respect to the rotary shaft 100 of the lower drum 10. Referring now to Fig. 3, a construction of a lead measuring apparatus 700 according to a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. Preferably, this lead measuring apparatus 700 is of a general-purpose lead measuring type. That is, the lead measuring apparatus 700 can measure a shape of a lead formed on a selected sort of drum irrespective of the sorts of drums. The major measuring item of this lead measuring apparatus 700 is to measure the shape of the lead "L" indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, more specifically linearity and waviness of this lead "L". The lead measuring apparatus 700 includes a drum holding means 12 and a shape measuring means 190. The shape measuring means 190 contains carrier unit rotating means 13, a measuring portion sliding unit 14, moving amount detecting means 15 for the measuring port, and control means 16 shown in Fig. 5. A first description will now be made of the drum holding means 12. The drum holding means 12 possesses an upper unit 12a and a lower unit 12b. Both of these upper and lower units 12a and 12b constitute a paired structure. The upper unit 12a has a moving member 30 and a fixed member 31. Similarly, the lower unit 12b has a moving member 30 and a fixed member 31. This upper unit 12a is provided to fix the upper end of the rotary shaft 100. That is, as illustrated in Fig. 4, the upper end of the rotary shaft 100 is fixed between the moving member 30 and the fixed member 31 by transporting the moving member 30. Similarly, the lower end of the rotary shaft 100 is fixed between the moving member 30 and the fixed member 31 by transporting the moving member 30 of the lower unit 12b. As a result, the rotary shaft 100 of the lower drum 10 can be detachably fixed by the drum holding means 12 along the upper and lower directions. It should be noted that this drum holding means 12 is set to a column 12c. Next, a description will now be made of the carrier unit rotating means 13 of the shape measuring means 190 indicated in Fig. 3. The carrier unit rotating means 13 possesses a rotating member 13a, a motor 18, and a carrier unit 17. This rotating member 13a is rotatable by the motor 18 around a central shaft "C" as a rotation center along an arrow direction "A". The carrier unit 17 is fixed on the upper surface of the rotating member 13a. An inserting member 17a provided on the upper end of this carrier unit 17 may be inserted into a hole 10a. With the above-described construction, when the motor 18 is driven, the lower drum 10 may be rotated via the rotating member 13a and the carrier unit 17 with respect to the rotary shaft "C" along the arrow direction "A". It should be noted that as illustrated in Fig. 5, the motor 18 can rotate the lower drum 10 at a predetermined rotation speed via the carrier unit 17 and the like in response to an instruction signal S1 issued from a motor control unit 21 of the control means 16 in synchronism with the lower drum 10. Subsequently, the measuring port sliding unit 14 of the shape measuring means 190 will now be explained with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5. The measuring port sliding unit 14 is constructed of a precision slide 22, a measuring port unit 23, a slide driving unit 24 for upper and lower directions, and a column CO. The column supports the precision slide 22. In Fig. 3, the slide driving unit 24 for upper and lower directions is arranged by a motor 24a, a ball screw 24b, and a slide coupling unit 24c. As a result, the drive force of the motor 24a is given via the ball screw 24b and the slide coupling unit 24c to the precision slide 22. In other words, in response to an instruction value supplied from the motor control unit 21a, the precision slide 22 can be transported in parallel to the ball screw 24b along the upper and lower directions by driving the motor 24a. This precision slide 22 supports the measuring port unit 23. The instruction value issued from the motor control unit 21a is such a theoretical value for forming a profile equivalent to the lead shape of the work (drum) to be measured. Furthermore, the position of the precision slide 22 is continuously measured by the moving amount detecting means 15. As illustrated in Fig. 5, the measuring port unit 23 corresponds to, for instance, a micrometer. A contact 23a of this measuring port unit 23 is in contact with the plane of the lead "L". As especially shown in Fig. 5, this measuring port unit 23 is set in such a manner that the upper direction thereof corresponds to a positive direction of measurement, whereas the lower direction thereof corresponds to a negative direction of measurement. This contact 23a is movable along the upper and lower directions with respect to the measuring port unit 23 within a very short range, for example, a range of ±10 µm. As a consequence, this contact 23a can detect a very small difference between the data about the actual lead shape and the theoretical value of the lead shape. Then, the moving amount detecting means 15 of the shape measuring means 190 will now be explained with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5. The moving amount detecting means 15 possesses a sensing head 15a and a scale unit 15b. This moving amount detecting means 15 is a so-called "linear scale". Preferably, the moving amount detecting means 15 is made of an one-body (integral) type scale, so that these scale unit 15b and the sensing head 15a are stored within such a box. This sensing head 15a is constructed of such a type of sensing head that, for example, laser light is projected to the scale unit 15b, and further the laser light reflected from this scale unit 15b is received by the sensing head 15a. Next, a description will now be made of the control means 16 employed in the form measuring means 190, which controls the above-described various elements and is shown surrounded by a block in Fig. 5. The measuring means 16 contains an amplifier 28, an A/D converter 29, calculation units 300 and 310, a theoretical value memory unit 330, and a data processing unit 320. The measuring means 16 further includes a digital computer 340, a motor control unit 21 for rotating a main shaft, a motor control unit 21a for driving along upper/lower direction, an amplifier 27a, a sensing head 27, and a rotary scale 25. First, the rotation system of the shape measuring means 190 will now be described. The rotary scale 25 employed in the rotation system of Fig. 5 is mounted on the rotary member 13a as illustrated in Fig. 3. The sensing head 27 is fixed on the side of the fixing unit located opposite to this rotary member 13a. While the rotary scale 25 is rotated, the sensing head 27 outputs a rotation signal S2. This rotation signal S2 is amplified by an amplifier 27a and then entered into the digital computer 340. The digital computer 340 outputs a signal (angular data) S3 toward the A/D converter 29. Then, this angular data signal S3 is entered into the A/D converter 29. The sensing head 27 outputs an angle signal as the rotation signal S2 at every 1 degree. In response to this rotation signal S2 produced for every 1 degree, the measurement data derived from the measuring port unit 23 is amplified by the amplifier 28, and then the amplified measurement data is converted by the A/D converter 29 into a corresponding digital signal. That is, the A/D converter 29 A/D-converts the analog signal derived from the measuring port unit 23 into the digital signal S4 in response to the signal concerning the angular data supplied from the digital computer 340, and outputs this digital signal S4 to the calculation unit 300. On the other hand, either an analog signal, or analog data S5 derived from the moving amount detecting means 15 is fetched by the calculation unit 300 together with the previously explained signal S4 from the A/D converter 29 at the same time. As a result, the calculation unit 300 outputs a signal S7 to the calculation unit 310. This calculation unit 310 fetches a theoretical value signal S6 related to the theoretical value stored in the theoretical value memory unit 330. Then, the calculation unit 310 fetches this theoretical signal S6 together with the signal S7 derived from the calculation unit 300. This theoretical value implies that this theoretical value corresponds to the theoretical values concerning the shapes of the leads at the respective angles, is equal to the theoretical value for the shape of the lead "L", or the profile of this lead shape formed on the lower drum 10, and has been previously stored in the theoretical value memory unit 330. Referring now to Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, a method for measuring the shape of the lead "L" formed on the fixed drum 10 will be explained. It should be noted that a flow chart for explaining this method to measure the shape of the lead "L" is represented in Fig. 6. At a first step S1 of the flow chart shown in Fig. 6, the sort of fixed drum 10 corresponding to the work to be measured is selected by utilizing the digital computer 340 (work sort selection). As a result, based upon the diameter of the drum, the lead angle, and the winding angle, which have been previously stored in the theoretical value memory unit 330, the computer 340 calculates various items such as the rotation starting angle of the major shaft spindle 26, the rotation ending angle thereof, and the slide moving amounts along upper/lower direction of the precision slide 22, and also 1-degree rotation of the major shaft. In this manner, the initial data may be set (step S2). As represented in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the upper end and the lower end of the rotary shaft 100 are set to the fixing member 31 having a V-shape under the condition that the respective moving members 30 of the upper unit 12a and the lower unit 12b of the drum holding means 12 are open. Then, the moving member 30 is moved by a means (not shown), so that the upper end and the lower end of the rotary axis 100 are fixed between the moving member 30 and the fixed member 31 (step S3). It should be noted that when the work is set, a clamp switch is turned ON in case of the shaft reference drum, whereas a vacuum switch is turned ON in case of a single lower drum. Subsequently, the start switch is turned ON (step S4), so that the precision slide 22 is slid along the upper/lower (vertical) direction, and the set-up operation (step S5) is performed at the step-up position as shown in Fig. 11, and then the measurement conditions (starting point, ending point etc.) are calculated (step S6). For instance, the position of the upper/lower direction sliding precision slide 22 is measured at the central position of the tape winding angle concerning the lead "L" (previously determined). Concretely speaking, when the precision slide 22 descends and the measuring port unit 23 is in contact with the work, whereby the output from the amplifier 28 shown in Fig. 5 becomes zero, the present position of the precision slide 22 is read as the set-up position of Fig. 11 by the scale unit 15b via the sensing head 15a. The starting position along the upper/lower direction at the lead measurement starting position is calculated under such a condition that the read value of this step up position is employed as the reference value, and thereafter the precision slide 22 is transported. In Fig. 11, there are shown the above-explained lead measurement starting position, lead measurement ending position, and central step-up positions thereof. Then, both of the upper/lower shaft (upper/lower direction) of the precision slide 22 and the rotation shaft (rotation direction) of the drum 10 are returned to the lead measurement starting positions as shown in Fig. 11 (step S7). Next, the lead measurement is commenced (step S8). In response to the instruction signal S1 issued from the motor control unit 21 shown in Fig. 5, when the motor 18 starts its rotation, the fixed drum 10 is rotated by means of the carrier unit 17 along the arrow direction "A" in synchronism with the rotation of this motor 18, as represented in Fig. 3. Since the rotation angle of the fixed drum 10 is varied, depending upon the shapes of this fixed drum 10, for instance, this fixed drum 10 is rotated by the tape winding angle, so that either the shape, or the profile of the lead "L" formed on the fixed drum 10 with respect to the rotation shaft 100 will be measured by the measuring port unit 23. It should be understood that the fixed drum 10 may be rotated along the arrow direction "A", but also may be swung along this arrow direction "A" and also an opposite direction thereof in order to measure a shape, or a profile of a lead. In an actual measurement, for instance, the precision slide 22 corresponding to the upper/lower shaft is transported by πD x tan /360° to carry out the measurement every time the major shaft (rotation shaft 100) is rotated by 1°, referring to Fig. 10 in which the theoretical value of the lead shape is described (step S9). Note that symbol D denotes a diameter of a lead and symbol  represents a lead angle. In response to the above-described rotation of this fixed drum 10, the measuring port unit 23 is moved by the instructed value defined by the theoretical value stored in the theoretical value memory unit 330 shown in Fig. 5 in synchronism with the rotation of the major shaft. As a result, the measuring port unit 23 is transported along the arrow direction "B" as shown in Fig. 5 (namely, vertically as viewed in Fig. 5). In other words, assuming now that the contact 23a of the measuring port unit 23 is moved in accordance with the theoretical value, this measuring port unit 23 is transported along the arrow direction "B" in order to respond to the substantially ideal shape, or profile of the lead "L". At this time, a calculation is executed in the calculation unit 350 based on the data S10 stored in the theoretical value memory unit 330 and the scale data S9 obtained after the measuring port unit 23 has been actually transported. If there is a difference between the theoretical value and the actually measured value, then the addition/subtraction calculations are performed with respect to a value for the subsequent target operation value, thereby obtaining a new instruction value S11. Based upon this instruction value S11, a new target value is instructed to the motor control unit 21a. Furthermore, in response to an instruction value S12, the motor 23a is operated. A series of this operation is repeated within the lead measurement range. In conjunction with the transport of this measuring port unit 23, the sensing head 15a of the moving amount detecting means 15 is similarly moved. Assuming now that the measuring port unit 23 is moved along a plus direction, the sensing head 15a of the moving amount detecting means 15 is moved along a minus direction. Conversely, when the measuring port unit 23 is moved along the minus directions, the sensing head 15a of the moving amount detecting means 15 is transported along the plus direction. That is, both of these unit 23 and head 15a are moved in a reverse manner in view of numeral values. When the measuring port unit 23 reaches the lead measurement ending position shown in Fig. 11 to complete the lead measurement, the fixed drum 10 present at the rotation stage is returned to the home position, and the precision slide 22 along the upper/lower shaft direction is lifted up to stop at the original position thereof (step S10). Thereafter, the data calculation process is carried out and is represented as a graphic representation, and also this graph is duplicated by the data processing unit 320 (step S11). Subsequently, one example of the measurement data obtained by carrying out a series of the above-explained measuring operation is graphically represented in Fig. 7 through Fig. 9. These graphic representations indicate a relationship between the rotation angle (in unit of degree) and the moving distance (in unit of micrometer). First, Fig. 7 graphically shows difference data plotted by the respective angles, between the data signal S6 derived from the theoretical value memory unit 330 and the actually measured data S5 related to the movements of the measuring port unit 23, which is supplied from the moving amount detecting means 15 shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 graphically shows the actually measured data of the signal S4 concerning the movements of the contact 23a employed in the measuring port unit 23. The actually measured data shown in Fig. 8 corresponds to the data produced from the difference data of Fig. 7, whose negative symbols have been inverted, and also to the data to which the shape data of the lead "L" has been mixed. It should be noted that when the lead shape is measured by the contact 23a, this contact 23a is moved upwardly and downwardly within, for instance, a range between ±10 µm with respect to the measuring port unit 23 in accordance with the actual lead shape. Fig. 9 graphically indicates the data S8 which has been calculated in the calculation unit 310, namely indicates the data about only the shape of this lead "L". As previously explained, the data shown in Fig. 8 represent such data arranged by considering both the data produced from the difference data of Fig. 7, whose negative symbols have been inverted, and the data representative of the lead shape. As a consequence, when the data of Fig. 7 are added to the data of Fig. 8, the difference data between the theoretical value and the actually measured value becomes zero, resulting in the data shown in Fig. 9. In other words, the data containing only the shape of this lead "L" remains in Fig. 9. As described above, in accordance with this preferred embodiment, only the shape of the lead "L" formed on the rotary shaft type fixed drum can be measured. A description will now be made of another measurement for a shape of a lead formed on a fixed shaft type drum according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, there is shown an assembly of a fixed shaft type lower drum 140. The lower drum 140 is fixed to the lower end of the shaft 400. A flange 440 is rotatably connected to this shaft 400 via a bearing 141. With respect to this flange 440, the upper drum 160 may be set. Either one head, or plural heads "H" are set on this upper drum 160. In this embodiment, the shape of the lead "L" formed on the lower drum 140 is measured by a lead measuring apparatus 750 on the basis of the flange 440 rotatably connected to the rotation shaft 400. As illustrated in Fig. 14, the flange 440 is fixed to a fixing portion 790 of the lead measuring apparatus 750 by way of, for example, a screw 480. Thereafter, similar to the previous embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the fixed drum 140 is geared with the carrier unit 17, and this fixed drum 140 may be rotated along the arrow direction "A" by rotating a rotation member (not shown). The shape measuring means possesses a carrier unit rotating means, a measuring port sliding unit, a moving amount detecting means for a measuring port, and a control means similar to the previous embodiment. The operations of these units are the same as in the previous embodiment of Fig. 3, and therefore no further explanations thereof will be made in the following description. As previously described in detail, in accordance with the lead shape measuring apparatus of the present invention, the shapes of any sorts of leads formed on the various types of drums can be measured without employing either the exclusively-used profiling (copying) plane, or the exclusively-used profiling means, and therefore the shapes of the leads can be evaluated in high precision. In other words, according to the present invention, the lead shapes of various sorts of drums can be measured as the general purpose lead measuring apparatus without employment of such a mechanically precise guide means as a profiling plane of a upper/lower shaft, since the theoretical values for the variation amounts are previously stored. Since the shape of the lead is measured by the lead shape measuring apparatus of the present invention while the drum mounting unit for the drum rotation shaft is used as the reference, the measured data contains no factor about the drum inclination with respect to the rotation shaft, so that the real lead shape can be precisely evaluated. As a result, the precision error between the lead and the rotation shaft perpendicular to the head (namely, linearity of the lead with regard to the head) can be minimized. Consequently, the lead shape can be evaluated in high precision.

Claims: A drum lead measuring method wherein: a theoretical value of a shape of a lead (L) is previously prepared and a measuring port (23) which is moved over a trace approximated to the theoretical value of the lead shape, is in contact with the lead (L) to measure the shape of said lead, thereby obtaining an actual moving amount of said measuring port while said measuring port is travelled over the trace approximated to the theoretical value; a difference between the actual moving amount of the measuring port and the trace approximated to the theoretical value of the shape of the lead is calculated; and only the shape of the lead is extracted based on said difference and said shape of the lead measured by said measuring port. A drum lead measuring method as claimed in claim 1, wherein both the shape of said lead and the actual moving amount of said measuring port are measured along a direction (B) parallel to a central shaft (100) of said drum (10). A drum lead measuring method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, which is applied to a drum (10) having a lead (L) for guiding a tape and used to record a signal on the tape and/or reproduce the signal from the tape, said drum being chosen among a plurality of drums of different sorts, wherein the information of the theoretical value related to the shape of said lead (L) is chosen in accordance with the sort of said drum (10).

Inventors: MIYASHITA TAKETO, SAKAMOTO JUNICHI, MIYASHITA, TAKETO, SAKAMOTO, JUNICHI, MIYASHITA, TAKETO, C/O SONY CORPORATION, SAKAMOTO, JUNICHI, C/O SONY CORPORATION
Applicants: SONY CORP, SONY CORPORATION
Application year: 1994
Main classification: G11B33
IPC codes: G11B33, G11B15