Analyser nozzle and method of detection of tip pick-up

Abstract: It is known to use proboscises in clinical analyzers to aspirate and dispense liquid at a dispensing station. These proboscises need positional control to prevent vertical overtravel when picking up disposable tips prior to the aspirating and dispensing steps. This is normally achieved using a sensor arrangement which needs to be re-calibrated every time a part of the proboscis is replaced or there is a variation in the distance over which the proboscis needs to travel for tip pickup. Described herein is a proboscis and method of use which automatically detects whether or not a disposable tip (130) has been properly picked up. The proboscis features a probe (110) supported on a base (150) movable within a driven housing (112), a sensing flag (114) with multiple signalIng stations (160, 160') being fixed to the base (150). These allow the sensor (116, 162) cooperating with the flag (114) to be fixed to the frame (122) of an analyzer using this proboscis, rather than to be adjustably attached, so that no adjustment is required for re-calibration to account for any change in position of the sensor (116, 162).

Description: The invention relates to proboscises for use in clinical analyzers, particularly for use in a dispensing station of such analyzers where disposable tips are utilized. It is conventional, in providing aspirators in an analyzer, to sense the position of the aspirator to prevent vertical overtravel. For example, analyzers provided by Eastman Kodak Company under the trademark "Ektachem 700" have a sensor to determine when the aspirator has lowered a sufficient distance to pick up, by force-fit, a disposable tip. Such sensors are vertically adjusted so that, as part of the set-up calibration, the operator can adjust the trigger location of the sensor depending on that particular analyzer's margins of error. Other instruments have similarly adjusted sensors as described for example, in US-A-4 705 667. Once adjusted, the sensor then cooperates with a single flag for each movable part, since that flag is sufficient to trigger that the limiting condition is achieved. Flags are used in the art, for example US-A-3 735 902 and EP-A-0 311 440. One difficulty of such a construction is that when replacement parts are incorporated into the analyzer proboscis, the set-up calibration (including the positioning of the sensor) has to be recalibrated, which has to be done manually. This is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, prior to this invention, there has been a problem in providing a proboscis with a sensor for set-up calibration which allows recalibration without readjusting the sensor. This has not been possible with the conventional configuration described above. EP-A-0 282 076 and US-A-4 713 974 illustrate the use of spring baded design whereby the probe is biased outward torward the tip to ensure correct insertion into tip in the case where tip height may vary. EP-A-4 347 750 uses a spring to accommodate horizontal displacement during tip pickup. Yet another problem of the previous construction has been that, with only a single flag acting with the sensor, the proboscis can detect only that it has been interrupted. It is unable to determine the nature of the interfering objects since, although the proboscis may be stalled, the flag is not in position to interact with the sensor. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an analyzer proboscis and method of detection of tip pickup which solve the above-mentioned problems. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a proboscis for aspirating and dispensing liquid into and out of a disposable tip provided at a tip-pickup station, the proboscis including:- a probe having a mount surface for releasably supporting the disposable tip; a housing in which the probe is mounted; means for vertically raising and lowering the housing; and sensing means for sensing the vertical position of the probe comprising a flag and a sensor, the flag being sensed by the sensor; characterized in that the probe is supported by a d movably mounted within a base with a first spring disposed between the probe and the base; and in that a second spring is disposed between the base and the housing to allow continued movement of the housing after movement of the probe has ceased thereby generating a signal in the sensing means. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for automatically determining tip pickup by a proboscis in an analyzer, the method comprising the steps of:- a) advancing a probe on the proboscis towards a location of tips estimated to be at a specific optimum distance, plus or minus a tolerance factor, by moving a housing in which the probe is mounted towards that location, the probe being movable against a biasing means for biasing the probe out of the housing; b) detecting cessation of movement of the probe by detecting cessation of movement of a flag fixed to the probe while continuing to move the housing towards the location against the action of the biasing means; c) measuring the distance of movement during step a) until step b) occurs; d) comparing the distance determined in step c) against the optimum distance; and e) determining if the comparison is within the tolerance factor or outside of it to determine if tip pickup has or has not occurred respectively. Accordingly, it is an advantageous feature of the invention that an analyzer proboscis and tip pickup process used for aspiration are easily recalibratable when parts are replaced. Another advantageous feature of this invention is that the structure used to allow recalibration is also effective to automatically detect the proboscis striking objects other than a pipette tip in a tray. For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevational view, partially broken away, of a prior art proboscis construction; Figure 2 is a fragmentary elevational sectioned view of a proboscis constructed in accordance with the present invention, before contact with a tip; Figure 3 is a sectioned view similar to that shown in Figure 1, but after contact with a tip and after over-driving the housing; and Figures 4 and 5 are alternative flow charts useful in programming a computer to carry out the method of the present invention. The invention is hereinafter disclosed in connection with the preferred embodiments, in which the proboscis is used in a particular analyzer, using a particular sensor and a particular drive for the proboscis. In addition, the invention is useful regardless of the construction of the rest of the analyzer, or the type of sensor or drive mechanism used with the proboscis, so long as the proboscis is automatically recalibratable as to the tip pickup station using a sensor fixed in place. Orientations such as "downwardly", "bottom" and the like refer to orientations existing during the preferred use of the invention. The prior art device shown in Figure 1 comprises a proboscis featuring a probe 10 mounted within a housing 12 to which is fixed a sensing flag 14 having a single detectable station which cooperates with an adjustable sensor 16, a rack gear 18 providing up and down motion of probe 10 via pinion gear 20. Suitable bearing rail(s) 21 guide the proboscis in its motion. Sensor 16 is mounted on frame 22 of the analyzer and can comprise any electromagnetic radiation emitter and detector. Probe 10 includes a mating surface 24, which can be conical, for seating within and supporting a tip 30 supplied via tray 32. Surface 24 terminates at an end surface 25. (When probe 10 is withdrawn, tip 30 follows it out of tray 32.) Slight vertical compliance is provided between probe 10 and housing 12 by a weak spring 26 compressed within the housing by probe 10. This however is inadequate to allow for substantial changes in vertical location of trays 32 carrying tips 30. The calibration proceeds as follows: because the position of sensor 16 is adjustable relative to analyzer frame 22, when tray 32 and tip 30 are properly positioned, housing 12 is lowered via gear 20 until tip 30 is seated on to surface 24. Sensor 16 is then adjusted on frame 22 until flag 14 breaks the beam of the sensor, as shown by the solid line positioning of the sensor. Sensor 16 is then temporarily fixed in place. Subsequent breaking of the beam by flag 14 tells microprocessor 40 of the analyzer that tip pickup has occurred. When recalibration is required due to a change in relative heights, suggested by the phantom position of tip 30', the sensor 16 is released from frame 22 and adjusted to its new position relative to the frame where the flag again is sensed. Such readjustment of sensor 16 requires manual labor. In accordance with the present invention, the proboscis is improved as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Parts similar to those previously described bear the same reference numeral, to which the distinguishing prefix "1" is applied. Thus, Figure 2, it comprises a probe 110 movable within a housing 112 driven by a rack gear 118 and driving pinion gear 120, a mating surface 124 being provided to contact, mate, and support a tip 130 on the probe 110. A flag 114 operatively engages the proboscis in the manner hereinafter described, to cooperate with a sensor 116 on frame 122 of the analyzer. Preferably, sensor 116 comprises an infrared emitter and detector, such as an Optek sensor model OP8981C11. As before, a weak compression spring 126 allows some vertical compliance of probe 110 upon contact between the probe 110 and a tip 130, or a tip 130 on the probe 110 and a dispensing seat elsewhere in the analyzer. It is also conventional to provide a self-seating surface 134 on probe 110 for seating within aperture 136 of housing 112, and slight angular freedom at upper end 138 of probe 110 to allow for slight angular adjustment of probe 110 out of the vertical, where necessary. However, in the invention, probe 110 is carried by a base 150, which in turn is fixed to flag 114, rather than the flag being fixed to the housing 112. A slot 152 is provided in the housing to allow vertical movement of the flag relative to the housing. Further, base 150 is movable within said housing against a relatively strong compression spring 154, a stop member 156 surrounding probe 110 to limit movement of the housing upward relative to base 150 under the expansion of spring 154. Spring 154 preferably provides an expansion force of about 5kg (10lbs). Still further, flag 114 has a plurality of signalling stations detectable by the sensor, such as cut-outs 160, and sensor 116 is fixed permanently relative to the frame 122 of the analyzer. Calibration can proceed by an initial machine adjustment which locates beam 162 of the sensor in a "home" position located near the bottom of flag 114. Probe 110 is then stepped down by half-steps, assuming the motor for driving gear 120 (not shown) is a stepper motor, until a good tip pickup is verified by the operator. The number of half-steps needed to do this is stored in a conventional microprocessor 140 as the "optimum" distance for tip pickup. Additionally, a tolerance factor of a certain number of half-steps is stored, this factor being chosen to represent a tip pickup location "close" to optimum. (Microprocessor 140 is preferably programmed in a conventional way.) Subsequently, the analyzer automatically determines whether good tip pickup occurs, or not, by measuring from the "home" position of probe 110, the number of half-steps before probe 110 stops moving vertically. The cessation of movement of probe 110, Figure 3, is sensed by reason of the fact that cut-outs 160 stop moving past beam 162, when flag 114 stops due to its attachment to base 150 in which probe 110 is now "bottomed out". However, pinion 120 continues to drive housing 112 downward against spring 154, which downward overdriven movement is used to prevent jarring of the drive connection. A "time-out" cycle is set up in microprocessor 140 such that, when no further flag cut-out 160 is sensed by sensor 114 during the "time-out" period, probe 110 is presumed to be stopped. At this point, pinion gear 120 is also stopped, and sensor 116 and microprocessor 140 combine to generate a signal corresponding to "probe has stopped moving". Microprocessor 140 has of course counted the half-steps of movement between the "home" position of cut-out 160', Figure 2, and the stopped position shown in Figure 3. This is compared, for example by subtraction, by microprocessor 140 against the "optimum" number previously determined and stored, and the difference is compared with the "tolerance" factor also stored. (The "tolerance" factor is needed because of the slight vertical variation in tip seating on probe 110 due to variations in, for example, tip internal diameter tolerances.) If it is outside that factor, a "no tip" error is registered and displayed in the analyzer. For example, the distance moved will be outside that factor if probe 110 moves, in the absence of a tip, all the way into a hole 200 intended to hold a tip in tray 132. It will also be outside that factor if the probe strikes top surface 202 of tray 132, since end surface 125 of mount surface 124 is normally well into the tray for normal tip pickup, as shown. It will also be outside that factor if probe 110 strikes, but does not enter, a tip in the tray. The distance measured will also be outside the tolerance factor if movement of the probe, and hence flag 114, has ceased because the probe strikes a foreign object. For example, an object sitting on top of tray 132 will cause the probe and flag to cease movement well before the "optimum" distance is reached. The use of multiple cut-outs 160 ensures that this much shorter distance of movement will also be detected using the invention. Another advantage of the invention is its ease in recalibration in the event of changes to the instrument. For example, replacement of parts can lead to tray 132 having its surface top 202' being located as shown in phantom. In that event, the recalibration occurs by automatic lowering of probe 110 until it makes contact with a tip in a good tip pickup (as visually confirmed by the operator), and storing that new distance moved from the "home" position shown in Figure 2, as the "optimum" distance. There is thus no need to manually readjust the physical location of sensor 116 on the frame. Instead, that sensor remains fixed relative to the analyzer. The microprocessor is programmed in a conventional way to carry out the processes described above. The flow charts of Figures 4 and 5 are illustrative of the manner in which the programming proceeds: The alternative of Figure 4 starts the process at step 300. At this point, step 302, drive gear 120 advances housing 112 so that flag 114 arrives with the middle of a cut-out 160 positioned at sensor 116 just before probe 110 enters or touches a tip 130. Step 304, drive gear 120 advances the amount of a half-step of the stepper motor, and the microprocessor queries, step 306, if the advance has achieved the amount that is preset for a "no-tip" condition. If the answer is "yes", condition 308, then an error message of "no tip" is issued, step 310. If the answer is "no", then a second query, step 312, is made as to whether the sensor detected during this step, the passage of cut-outs (transitions from light to dark). If the answer is "yes", then the iterative process is repeated back at step 304. If "no", then a third query, step 314, is made as to whether the 1/2 pitch distance is within the tolerance distance of the "known good tip pick-up" distance. If "yes", then the analyzer can proceed with subsequent steps, step 316. If "no", then an error message, step 318, is issued that there is an error in the tip pickup. The alternative flow chart of Figure 5 incorporates similar features of Figure 4, and those steps bear the same reference numeral with the distinguishing suffix "A". Steps which are different bear numerals in the 400 series. This alternative differs primarily in that step 402 starts with the probe 110 "just above" contact with a tip, and the drive given to gear 120 is that which produces an advance of flag 114 which is less than pitch "p", Figure 2, of the cut-outs, but is greater than 1/2 p. A negative answer to query 306A leads to querying whether sensor 116 has failed to detect a change or not, step 412, for two consecutive advances of drive gear 120 or three consecutive reads, meaning that in fact the cut-outs are not proceeding past the sensor. Then in the case of a negative answer, step 414, the query is whether the distance traveled, whatever it is, is within the tolerance factor of the distance of a known "good" tip pick-up. As noted, the remaining stations of the analyzer (not shown) can be any convenient construction. Highly preferred is the use of this invention in the dispensing station of the analyzer shown in commonly owned US-A-5 008 082.

Claims: A proboscis for aspirating and dispensing liquid into and out of a disposable tip (130) provided at a tip-pickup station, the proboscis including:- a probe (110) having a mount surface (124) for releasably supporting the disposable tip (130); a housing (112) in which the probe (110) is mounted; means (118, 120) for vertically raising and lowering the housing (112); and sensing means (114, 116, 160, 160', 162) for sensing the vertical position of the probe (110) comprising a flag (114) and a sensor (116, 160, 160', 162), the flag (114) being sensed by the sensor (116, 160, 160', 162); characterized in that the probe (110) is supported by and movably mounted within a base (150) with a first spring (126) disposed between the probe (110) and the base (150); and in that a second spring (154) is disposed between the base (150) and the housing (112) to allow continued movement of the housing (112) after movement of the probe (110) has ceased thereby generating a signal in the sensing means (114, 116, 160, 160', 162). A proboscis according to claim 1, wherein the second spring (154) is stronger than the first spring (126). A proboscis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flag (114) comprises means defining a plurality of spaced-apart openings (160, 160') each of which causes the sensor (116, 162) to detect a change in signal. A method for automatically determining tip pickup by a proboscis in an analyzer, the method comprising the steps of:- a) advancing a probe (110) on the proboscis towards a location of tips (132) estimated to be at a specific optimum distance, plus or minus a tolerance factor, by moving a housing (112) in which the probe (110) is mounted towards that location (132), the probe (110) being movable against a biasing means (154) for biasing the probe (110) out of the housing (112); b) detecting cessation of movement of the probe (110) by detecting cessation of movement of a flag (114, 160, 160') fixed to the probe (110) while continuing to move the housing (112) towards the location (132) against the action of the biasing means (154); c) measuring the distance of movement during step a) until step b) occurs; d) comparing the distance determined in step c) against the optimum distance; and e) determining if the comparison is within the tolerance factor or outside of it to determine if tip pickup has or has not occurred respectively. A method according to claim 4, wherein the known optimum distance is ascertained in a calibration step by visually observing that tip pickup occurred, and by storing in a microprocessor the distance measured in step c) as the optimum distance. A method according to claim 4 or 5, further including the step of calibrating the optimum distance, by conducting the steps a) to c) while visually confirming that a good tip pickup has occurred at the step b).

Inventors: MARVIN RUSSEL H, MARVIN, RUSSEL H., Marvin, Russel H., c/o EASTMAN KODAK CO.
Applicants: JOHNSON & JOHNSON CLIN DIAG, JOHNSON & JOHNSON CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS, INC.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G01N35
IPC codes: G01N35, B01L3