Mobile receiver for satellite broadcast

Abstract: A mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprises a directive antennas (3), a navigation unit (5) for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an aeroplane, a control unit (7) for generating a control signal for controlling the antennas, on the basis of the navigation signal from the navigation unit (5) and prestored information indicating a position of a broadcasting satellite, and a drive unit (9) for driving the antennas in response to the antenna control signal from the control unit to orient the directivity of the antenna toward the broadcasting satellite.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which can receive an electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast during flight. Related Background Art An apparatus for receiving image information of a satellite broadcast during moving has been developed or in an experimental stage for those for train, ship, bus and small car. In the prior art apparatus, since a plurality of antennas on a flat plate are directed to a broadcasting satellite by using outputs of tracking sensors attached to the plate, the same number of tracking circuits as the number of divisions of the apparatus are required when the apparatus is divided. Thus, a different technical requirement is imposed to an apparatus that is composed of several subdivided apparatuses, for receiving image information of the satellite broadcast during the flight of an aeroplane. The prior art tracking system in the apparatus is a mechanical tracking system or a combination of the mechanical tracking system and an electronic tracking system, and a total electronic tracking system has not yet been developed. EP-A-0 452 970 describes a method for tracking a satellite in a land mobile satellite communication system. In the arrangement described, a phased array type land mobile antenna system is used. The antenna system includes a dielectric plate mounted on a rotatable pedestal and which carries four antenna elements. The plate and the rotable pedestal are covered by a circular radome. EP-A-0 540 124 and EP-A-0 540 125 describe a satellite antenna system for land mobile voice communication, including an antenna system having a number of identical antenna elements arranged on a disc-like base element. The antenna system is provided with a radome protecting the antenna elements. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It would be beneficial to provide a compact and light weight mobile receiver for satellite broadcast for stably receiving an electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast in all attitudes of an aeroplane by combining outputs of a plurality of antennas. It would also be beneficial to provide a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which can direct antennas of the apparatus to the satellite broadcast by a simple circuit without regard to the number of divisions of the apparatus by using navigation data derived from the aeroplane. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a mobile receiver for a satellite broadcast, wherein said mobile receiver comprises: a radome; a plurality of directional antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, each said antenna being covered by said radome and mounted to a drive that adjusts inclinations and rotation angles of the respective antenna; a navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane; control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclinations and rotation angles of said antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said antenna, characterised in that: said plurality of directional antennas are spaced longitudinally along said radome; and in that said radome comprises an arrester, said arrester including a metal member oriented longitudinally on said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally on said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, each antenna being situated beneath a respective one of the two outermost crossing points. Other features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an antenna mounted in a radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 3 shows a side view of the antenna mounted in the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 4 shows 32-bit digital signal data representing a latitude of an aeroplane used for the control of the antenna of the present invention, Fig. 5 shows a table of transmittance of an electromagnetic wave measured by an antenna mounted at the front of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 6 shows a table of transmittance of an electromagnetic wave measured by an antenna mounted at the rear of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 7 shows characteristics of the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave measured by the antenna mounted at the front of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 8 shows characteristics of the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave measured by the antenna mounted at the rear of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 9 shows a direction of reception of the electromagnetic wave in the present invention, Fig. 10 shows a mounting position of the radome 1 of the present invention, and Fig. 11 shows a mounting position of the radome 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The preferred embodiment of the present invention is now described. The present mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprises a radome 1 made of FRP, directive antennas 3 such as array antennas, phased antennas or parabola antennas, an inertial navigator 5 which outputs navigation data during flight, a control unit 7 for obtaining a control signal for controlling a directive directions of the antennas 3, on the basis of the navigation data, a drive unit 9 for directing the antenna toward satellite broadcast by using the control signal from the control unit 7, and a signal composition unit 11 for in-phase composing signal outputs received by the antennas 3. The signal composition unit 11 in-phase composes the intermediate frequency outputs from the antennas. The antennas 3 is a rectangular antenna of approximately 15 cm x approximately 40 cm, and one side of a dielectric substrate is a ground plane and the opposite side has approximately 200 radiation elements regularly arranged thereon. Since it is assumed that the present apparatus is used at a high altitude at which an air pressure falls to one quarter of that in the ground, a material of the antenna substrate is a composite rigid substrate of polyethylene and air or a composite substrate material of polytetrafluoroethylene and glass fiber, which provides a high gain and is not broken under a reduced pressure. The inertial navigator 5 determines a position and an attitude of an aeroplane by an auto-inference navigation method and it generates data on the direction of travel of the aeroplane, a pitching angle, a rolling angle, an altitude, a latitude and a longitude as well as other data necessary for the navigation of the aeroplane in the form of 32-bit digital signal as defined by the AEEC (Aero-Electronic Engineering Committee). For example, a digital signal of Fig. 4 represents a current latitude of the aeroplane. The bit sequences of other data are continuously outputted at a predetermined convention, and the control unit 7 first detects only the bit sequences of the data relating to the attitude, altitude and position which are necessary for the present invention. The type of the information is defined by a label represented by the first 8-bit (bits 1-8) of the bit sequence. In Fig. 4, the first 8 bits '11001000' represent a label 310. The control unit 7 recognizes the bit sequence as latitude data. If the first 8 bits are '11001001', it represents a label 311 which is detected as latitude data. Other data are detected in a similar manner. The control unit 7 detects the bit sequence of data necessary for the control of the antenna by the label and generate concrete data based on the bit sequence subsequent to bit 9. It generates a control signal to direct the antenna 3 toward the satellite broadcast by the concrete data and a process logic prestored in a ROM (read-only memory) of the control unit 7. The drive unit 9 drives the antenna 3 at a pitch of 0.1 degree. Without such a precision, the electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast could not be received. The control unit 7, the drive unit 9, the signal composition unit 11, a tuner 13 and a monitor 19 are accommodated in a fuselage of the aeroplane which is a pressurized area as shown in Fig. 1 in order to protect them from a temperature change. Only the antennas 3 are mounted externally of the fuselage and are covered with the radome 1. Figs. 2 and 3 show a construction in which a plurality of divided antennas are accommodated in the radome 1 on the fuselage of the aeroplane. Two antennas 3 are mounted at the front and rear of the radome 1. An arrester 15 is bonded to a wall of the radome 1. The arrester 15 may be an array of band-shaped or bar-shaped metals or disk-shaped metals. In order to reduce interference of electromagnetic wave to the antennas 3 by the arrester 15, the antennas 3 are arranged as further from the arrester 15 as possible. The two antennas 3 are mounted on turn tables 17 and the rotation angle  of the turn table 17 and the angle of inclination  of the antenna 3 are controlled by the control unit 7 and the drive unit 9 shown in Fig. 1 so that the two antennas 3 are always directed toward the broadcasting satellite without relating to the position and the attitude of the aeroplane. The antennas 3 may be of any type so long as they can receive the satellite broadcast but a planar antenna is preferable in view of compactness. During flight, the inside and the outside of the radome are substantially at the same temperature and hence there is a very large temperature change. Accordingly, the material for the mechanical elements of the antenna is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (durable temperature 260°C to -270°C) which is durable to not only a high temperature but also a low temperature. Figs. 5 to 8 show results of measurement of the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave when the antennas are arranged in the radome having the arrester bonded thereto as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and the azimuth is changed by 22.5 degrees at a time. A receiving C/N ratio by one antenna not covered by the radome having the arrester bonded thereto is 11 dB. The direction of the electromagnetic wave relative to the radome is oriented as shown in Fig. 9. For example, when the electromagnetic wave is directed from the front of the radome, the antenna is controlled and driven to be oriented as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This corresponds to the angle 0 degree of the measurement. As seen from the tables of Figs. 5 and 6, the receiving C/N ratio of the antenna mounted at the front of the radome is 9.5 dB and the receiving C/N ratio of the antenna mounted at the rear is 8.75 dB. In the front mounting, the receiving C/N ratio is 1.5 dB lower than that attained when the radome is not attached because of the affect of the radome and the arrester. In the rear mounting, the receiving C/N ratio is 2.25 dB lower than that attained when the radome is not attached because of the affect by the two arresters arranged between the antennas. The receiving C/N ratios are different between the front mounting and the rear mounting depending on the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave, but when the radar charts of the antenna gains of Figs. 7 and 8 are combined, it provides an antenna gain which is uniform in substantially all directions. Namely, by combining the received signals from the two antennas, the output C/N is substantially constant. By demodulating the image signal by the tuner 13 and selecting a channel, the satellite broadcast can be watched on the monitor 19. Figs. 10 and 11 show a mount position of the radome on the aeroplane.

Claims: A mobile receiver for a satellite broadcast, wherein said mobile receiver comprises: a radome (1); a plurality of directional antennas (3) constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, each said antenna being covered by said radome (1) and mounted to a drive (9) that adjusts inclinations and rotation angles of the respective antenna; a navigation unit (5) for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane; control means (7) for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives (9), based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit (5) and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives (9) adjusting the inclinations and rotation angles of said antennas (3) in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means (7) to orient said antennas (3) toward the satellite; and composition means (11) for in-phase combining outputs from said antenna, characterised in that: said plurality of directional antennas are spaced longitudinally along said radome; and in that said radome comprises an arrester, said arrester (15) including a metal member oriented longitudinally on said radome (1) and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally on said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, each antenna (3) being situated beneath a respective one of the two outermost crossing points. A mobile receiver according to claim 1, wherein said composition means (11) combines said outputs in an intermediate frequency band. A mobile receiver according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said antennas (3) are mounted such that the combination of outputs from said antennas has a substantially constant C/N level regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast. A mobile receiver according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said antennas (3) are mounted such that the combination of outputs from said antennas has at least the same or larger than an output C/N of any single antenna of any single one of said directional antennas regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast. A mobile receiver according to any preceding claim, wherein said antennas (3) are directional planar antennas. A mobile receiver according to any preceding claim, wherein said navigation unit (5) is an inertial navigation unit. A mobile receiver according to any preceding claim, wherein one of said antennas (3) is located towards the front of said radome (1) and another of said antennas (3) is located towards the rear of said radome (1). A mobile receiver according to claim 7, wherein said arrester (15) comprises four lateral metal members, two of which are mounted on the radome (1) between the front and rear antennas (3). An airplane comprising a mobile receiver according to any of claims 1 to 8.

Inventors: FUJITA MASARU, NAKAMURA HISAJI, ONO OSAMU, TOYAMA NOBORU, FUJITA, MASARU, NAKAMURA, HISAJI, ONO, OSAMU, TOYAMA, NOBORU, FUJITA, MASARU, C/O NIPPON HOSO KYOKAI, Toyama, Noboru, c/o Nippon Hoso Kyokai
Applicants: ALL NIPPON AIRWAYS CO LTD, JAPAN BROADCASTING CORP, ALL NIPPON AIRWAYS CO. LTD., NIPPON HOSO KYOKAI
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H01Q1
IPC codes: H01Q3, H01Q1, H04B7