SAFETY HYPODERMIC NEEDLE

Abstract: The several embodiments include a hypodermic needle (1) with a hollow member (5A) positioned over a portion of the needle, thus covering that portion of the needle. Prior to and during use, the hollow member is held away from the piercing end of the needle to allow it to be used in the normal manner. After the needle has become contaminated, a simple action by the user places the hollow member in a position covering the piercing end of the needle, and the hollow member is supported in this position against rearward pressure. The hollow member is similarly kept from sliding off the end of the needle.

Description: 5 k SABΈΓY HYJCCEEMIC NEEDLE 10 BACKGROUND OF THE PJVENTION One of the major safety concerns of nurses and other health workers 15 is the risk of accidentally pricking oneself with contaminated hypodermic needles. This concern has become particularly acute since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. It has been reported that, as of January 1989, 20 health workers have been infected by the AIDS virus by such accidental needle pricks. In light of the dangers associated with contaminated hypodermic needles, 20 it would be of importance to develop a hypodermic needle that is safer than existing hypodermic needles to the people who must handle them. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hypodermic needle that is safer than existing hypodermic needles for health workers and others to use and handle. In keeping with the proceeding object, it is also an object 25 of this invention to develop such a hypodermic needle that is not cumbersαne in use, and that can be put into the safe mode by a simple action by the health worker immediately after the needle has been removed from the patient. And in light of the large quantity of hypodermic needles that are used by the health profession, and the expense involved with this large quantity 30 of use, it is a further object of this invention to provide such a safe, easy to use hypodermic needle that can be manufactured relatively inexpensively. * 35 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the several embodiments, the invention includes a hypoderrαic needle with a hollow member positioned over the needle segment of the hypodermic needle. The hollow member covers a portion of the needle, and is capable 10 of sliding along the needle. Prior to and while the hypodermic needle is being used, the hollow member is held away from the piercing end of the needle, thus enabling the needle to be used in the normal manner. After the needle has become contaminated, the hollow member is slid forward along , _- tle needle to cover its piercing end. The hollow member is supported in a position covering the piercing end of the needle against rearward pressure, and is similarly prevented from sliding off tle end of tlie needle. In sever of the eiTibodiinents, the hollow member is pushed forward by a spring, thus requiring only a simple action by the user to put the hypodermic needle in o a safe condition for subsequent handling. 5 0 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a side view of an ordinary hypodermic needle. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the hypodermic needle of fig. 1 , showing the opening for receiving tlie syringe or I.V. attachment. Fig. 3 is a side view of the first emlxxiiment of the invention as it would appear before it has been used. Fig. 4 is a side view of the embodiment of fig. 3, showing the hypodermic needle after it has been put into the safe mode after use. Fig. 5 shows a variation of the embodiment shown in figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 6 is a side view of the second embodiment of the invention shown before use. Fig. 7 is a side view of the third embodiment of the invention before use. Fig. 8 is a side view of the fourth embodiment of the invention before use. Fig. 9 is a partial side view of the embodiment of fig. 8, showing a variation of that embcdiment. Fig. 10 is a partial view, from the top, of the embcdiment of fig. 8, showing a variation of that einbodiment. Fig. 11 is a side view of the fifth err_bcdiment of the invention shown before use. Fig. 12 shows the embodiment of fig. 11 with a longer needle, and, in one alternate, a longer hub. Fig. 13 is a partial view, from the top, of the embodiment of figs. 11 and 12, showing a variation of that embodiixient. Fig. 14 is a partial side view of the embodiment of figs. 11 and 12, showing a variation of tliat en±xxiiment. 5 Fig. 15 is a side view of the sixth embodiment of the invention before use. Fig. 16 is a side view of the seventh embcdiment of the invention before 10 use. Fig. 17 is a side view of the eighth enbodiment of the invention before use. Fig. 18 shows a variation of the embcdiment shown in fig. 17. 5 Fig. 19 shows the embcdiment of fig. 17 with a longer needle. Fig. 20 shows the ninth embodiment of the invention in which a hypodermic needle and a syringe, which is shown in part, are combined as a single functioning unit. 20 Fig. 21 , the tenth embodiment, shows the emboό-l ent of fig. 11 with which a specially designed syringe, shown in part, is used for ease of operation. „ ( . Fig. 22 depicts the embodiment of fig. 11 after tle hypodermic needle lias been put into tlie safe mode. Fig. 23 is a partial view of a specially designed syringe with a long neck portion, to be used with some versions of some of the embodiments. 0 Fig. 24 is a side view of the eleventh embcdiment of the invention. No spring is used in this embodiment. Fig. 25 shows the embodiment of fig. 24 after it has been put into the safe mode. 5 Fig. 26 shows a variation of the eπibodiments of figs. 24 and 25. Fig. 27 shows another variation of the embodiments of figs. 24 and 25. Fig. 28 is a side view of the twelfth embodiment of the invention. Fig. 29 is a partial expanded view, from tlie side, of tle eι±>odi!ment of fig. 28, showing a variation of that embodiment. Fig. 30 is another partial expanded view, from the side, of the embodiment of fig. 28, showing a variation of that enbodiment. Fig. 31 is a partial view, from the top, showing a variation of the embodiment of fig. 28. Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow member, showing the hole through the hollow mai-ber, with the needle in the hole. Fig. 33 is a cross-sectional view of another hollow member wherein the hole, or groove, is open to a side of the hollow member as well as the ends. The needle is shown inside. Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow member of similar structure to that depicted in fig. 33. The needle is shown inside. Fig. 35 is a side view of an embcdiment similar to that shown in fig. 24, but with a spring added. Fig. 36 is a side view of an ercibcxliment similar to that shown in fig. 26, but with a spring added. Fig. 37 is a side view of an embcdiment similar to that shown in fig. 28 with the addition of a spring. Fig. 38 shows an embodiment similar to that shown in fig. 15, but where the hub includes an encircling groove. Fig. 39 shows an embcdiment similar to that shown in fig. 16, but where the hub includes an encircling groove. Fig. 40 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention that uses releasers to release the supporting members. Fig. 41 is a perspective view of another ernbodiment of the invention that uses releasers. Fig. 42 shows a slight variation of the end portion of tlie supporting member shown in fig. 41. Fig. 43 shows another variation of the end portion of a supporting member, as might be used in the embodiments of figs. 40 or 41. Fig. 44 is a side view of another enbodim it of the inventioα in which releasers are used. Fig. 45 is a side view of a further embodiment of the invention that uses releasers but not a spring. Fig. 46 shows a side view of still another embodiment that utilizes releasers. Fig. 47 is a side view showing yet another embodiment of the invention that utilizes releasers. Fig. 48 is a side view depicting another enbodiment of the invention that uses releasers but not a spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In all of the embodiments described herein, it is generally preferred that all parts other than the needles 2, springs 6, and the small pieces of spring steel 15 used in the third embodiment (figure 7) are formed of plastic. This preference, however, does not preclude the option of using materials other than plastic if such other materials prove advantageous to plastic either in the function of the invention, or in its manufacture. All of the following embodiments include a hub, which is designated by the numeral 3 followed by a letter, and a hollow member, which is designated by the numeral 5 followed by a letter. Where the hubs of the various embodiments are formed of plastic as preferred, it is also preferred that all plastic parts connected directly with the plastic hubs of tlie various embodiments, or indirectly through a continuum of plastic, be formed with those hubs by a plastic molding process, such as injection molding. However, methods other than molding may be used to join these parts if desired. It is similarly preferred that, where the hollow members of the various embodiments are formed of plastic as preferred, all plastic parts connected directly with the hollow iTieπibers, or indirectly through a continuum of plastic, be formed with those hollow members by a plastic molding process, such as injection molding. Again, however, methods other than molding may be used to join these parts if so desired. Where tlie hubs of the various embodiments, are formed of plastic, the needles 2 may be attached to those plastic hubs either by being molded into the hubs in the plastic molding process as molded-in inserts, or they may be attached to the hubs after the hubs have been molded. In the latter case, they would preferably be inserted into a hole formed into the end of the hub and be secured to the hub by any of a variety of methods such as those which are described in the trade as cementation, ultrasonic installation, or press-in insertation, for example. In either case, it may be desired to have an intermediary material attached to the outside of the needle 2 where it is joined to the hub. If used, this intermediary material would function to increase the surface area-of the junction with the plastic hub, thus increasing the strength bf that junction, and it may also be a material selected to join more ' effectively with the plastic of the hub than would the material of which the needle 2 is composed. However, for the sake of keeping manufacturing costs to a minimum, it may be desirable not to use such an intermediary material. Most of the following eπibciα-iments include a spring 6, and in most embodiments where a spring 6 is used, those springs 6 are connected at one end with the hub, and at the other end with the hollow member. Insofar as those hubs and/or hollow members are formed of plastic, the preferred methods of attachment of the spring 6 with the hub, and the spring 6 with the hollow member are the same as between needle 2 and hub; that is, being molded in as molded-in inserts, ultrasonic installation, and cementation. The method of attaching the spring 6 may, of course, vary between the hub and the hollow member. Where the hub and/or the hollow member are not formed of plastic, cementation may still be employed as a means of attaching the spring 6 to the hub and/or the hollow member. The conventional portion of the hypodermic needle 1 is composed of the needle 2 and the hub 3. Figures 1 and 2 depict a conventional hypodermic needle 1. As shown in figure 2, one end of the hub 3 includes an opening 4 which accepts the syringe or I.V. attachment. In the first embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in figure 3, a hollow maτiber 5A is positioned over a length of the needle 2. A spring 6 is positioned between the hub 3A and the hollow member 5A, encircling the needle 2. The spring 6 is connected at one end to the hollow member 5A, and at the other end to the hub 3A. Two supporting iriembers 7A extend from the rear of the hub 3A toward the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, each of the two supporting members 7A being located approximately 180° from the other around the hub 3A. At the forward end of the hub 3A two bumps 9A extend outward from the hub 3A, so that a bump 9A is located directly beneath each 0 of the supporting members 7A; the bumps 9A are not connected to the supporting members 7A. At the forward end of each of the supporting members 7A a protrusion 10A extends inward from the supporting members 7A toward the needle 2. The protrusions 10A hold the hollow member 5A away from the piercing end 11 of the needle 2 against tension from the spring 6. c A number of the tembc iments described throughout the detailed description utilize a protrusion, which is designated by the numeral 10 or 100 followed by one or two letters. As used and defined herein and in the appended claims, this protrusion is not a separate element but rather a part or feature of the supporting member (which is an element). 5 While in use, the hypodermic needle 1 is generally safe from contamination prior to its being inserted into the patient. It is after the needle has been removed that it is potentially hazardous to others. In practice, the person removing the hypodermic needle 1 of the first embodiment from the patient squeezes inwardly on the two supporting members ■ j^ O 7A, preferably with his or her thumb and forefinger, just rearward of the bumps 9A at a position indicated generally by the arrows 12A. In response to this inward movement, the two bumps 9A act as fulcrums to the supporting members 7A, causing the forward end of the supporting members 7A and the protrusions 10A to move outward away from the needle 2. This movement •^5 releases the hollow πember 5A, causing it to move forward by the force of the spring 6 to cover the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. After the hollow member 5A has passed the protrusions 10A, and finger pressure on the supporting members 7A has been released, the forward ends of the supporting members 7A move inward toward the needle 2 in order to retain their natural 20 position. This places the protrusions 10A behind the hollow member 5A, and thereby prevents the hollow πiember 5A from being accidentally pushed rearward exposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, as illustrated in figure 4. Figure 5 depicts a slight variation of the first embodiment in which the bumps 9A of figures 3 and 4 are replaced with forward bridges 13. The 25 forward bridges 13 are connected to the hub 3B and the supporting members 7B, and are thinner than the bumps 9A of figures 3 and 4 when measured longitudinally of the hypodermic needle 1. When squeezing inwardly on the supporting members 7B at a position indicated generally by the arrows 12B of figure 5, the forward bridges 13 are thin enough to bend rearward while 30 acting as fulcrums for the supporting members 7B. This enables the front of the supporting members 7B and the protrusions 10B to move away from the needle 2 and release the hollow member 5B. In the second embodiment of the invention, depicted in figure 6, the construction is similar to the first ertioodiment as depicted in figures 3 35 and 4, except that the bumps 9A of figures 3 and 4 are absent and their function is replaced by the ridge 14 located on the hollow member 5C (figure 6). When inward pressure is applied to the supporting members 7C, as with thumb and forefinger, at a position indicated generally by the arrows 10 the supporting member (which is an element). While in use, the hypodermic needle 1 is generally safe from contamination prior to its being inserted into the patient. It is after the needle has been removed that it is potentially hazardous to others. In practice, the person removing the hypodermic needle 1 of the first embodiment from the patient squeezes inwardly on the two supporting members 7A, preferably with his or her thumb and forefinger, just rearward of the bumps 9A at a position indicated generally by the arrows 12A. In response to this inward movement, the two bumps 9A act as fulcrums to the supporting members 7A, causing the forward end of the supporting members 7A and the protrusions 10A to move outward away from the needle 2. This movement releases the hollow member 5A, causing it to move forward by the force of the spring 6 to cover the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. After the hollow member 5A has passed the protrusions 10A, and finger pressure on the supporting members 7A has been released, the forward ends of the supporting members 7A move inward toward the needle 2 in order to retain their natural position. This places the protrusions 10A behind the hollow member 5A, and thereby prevents the hollow member 5A from being accidentally pushed rearward exposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, as illustrated in figure 4. Figure 5 depicts a slight variation of the first embodiment in which the bumps 9A of figures 3 and 4 are replaced with forward bridges 13. The forward bridges 13 are connected to the hub 3B and the supporting members 7B, and are thinner than the bumps 9A of figures 3 and 4 when measured longitudinally of the hypodermic needle 1. When squeezing inwardly on the supporting members 7B at a position indicated generally by the arrows 12B of figure 5, the forward bridges 13 are thin enough to bend rearward while acting as fulcrums for the supporting members 7B. This enables the front of the supporting members 7B and the protrusions 10B to move away from the needle 2 and release the hollow member 5B. In the second embodiment of the invention, depicted in figure 6, the construction is similar to the first embodiment as depicted in figures 3 and 4, except that the bumps 9A of figures 3 and 4 are absent and their function is replaced by the ridge 14 located on the hollow member 5C (figure 6). -When inward pressure is applied to the supporting members 7C, as with thumb and forefinger, at a position indicated generally by the arrows 11 12C, the ridge 14 acts as the fulcrum to the supporting members 7C, causing the forward end of the supporting members 7C and the protrusions 10C to move outward away from the needle 2. As a result, the hollow member 5C is release by the protrusions 10C and moves forward by the force of the spring 6. The inclined forward edge of the ridge 14 allows the ridge 14 to pass by the protrusions 1OC. After the hollow member 5C has covered the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, the protrusions 10C lodge behind the hollow member 5C and thereby prevent the hollow member 5C from being accidentally pushed rearward, exposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. The advantage of the second embcdiment over the first is the greater force of leverage transmitted to the outward movement of the protrusions, making it easier to actuate the release of the hollow member. Also, since the distance along the supporting members between the fulcrum and the protrusions is shorter in the second embodiment than it is in the first, that segment of the supporting members would be more rigid and less likely to bend adversely in response to the frictional resistance between the protrusions and the hollow member resulting from the pressure from the spring. Such bending could prevent the release of the hollow member. In the third embodiment depicted in figure 7, each of the two supporting members 7D are connected to the hub 3D with a separate piece of spring steel 15 formed from a flat elongate piece of stock. The shape of these pieces of spring steel 15 and the manner in which they connect the hub 3D and with two supporting members 7D cause the ends of the two supporting members 7D to push inward toward the needle 2. When finger pressure is applied inwardly on the end portions of the two supporting members 7D, at a location indicated generally by the arrows 12D, the two pieces of spring steel 15 act as fulcrum to the two supporting members 7D, causing the ends of the supporting members 7D and the protrusions 10D to move away from the needle 2 thus releasing the hollow member 5D to move forward by the force of the spring 6. As with the previous err-bodiments, after the hollow member 5D has covered the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, the protrusions 10D move inward, toward the needle 2 by the force of the piece of spring steel 15, and lodge behind the hollow member 5D. With the protrusions 10D behind the hollow member 5D, and the protuberances 16 on the supporting members 7D aligned with the protuberances 17 on the hub 3D, the hollow member 5D is prevented from being pushed rearwar exposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. In the fourth embodiment shown in figure 8, two supporting members 7E extend forward from the hub 3E, curving inward toward their forward ends. The two supporting members 7E are connected with the hollow member 5E by the seals 18E which releasably connect the supporting me bers 7E with the hollow member 5E at an isolated spot where the two are in contact, as indicated by the reference character 18E. These seals 18E, which are employed on several of the embodiments described herein and are denoted by the numeral 18 followed by one or two letters, are formed in any of a variety of ways, including but not limited to: The addition of a small amount of melted plastic (from another source) to releasably join the two or more components; the addition of another type of adhesive (as glue or cement) to releasably join the components, and, if both components to be releasably joined are formed of plastic, melting a small amount of plastic from each of the two components together at an isolated spot where the two components are in contact, or nearly in contact, so that the melted plastic joins and solidifies together. This last mentioned type of seal could be formed by touching the components to be releasably joined with a hot piece of metal or other material. However formed, the seal is broken as the user is putting the hypodermic needle in the safe mode. The seals 18E between the supporting ιtambers 7E and the hollow member 5E hold the hollow member 5E away from the piercing end 11 of the needle 2 against the tension of the spring 6. In practice, once the needle 2 has been removed from the patient, the person removing the needle 2 may perform one of several actions in order to break the seals 18E. In one such action the hollow member 5E is grasp, as with thumb and forefinger, and twisted relative to the supporting members 7E. Another action calls for pushing forward on the rear of the hollow irvamber 5E, preferably with either thumb or forefinger. In still another action, the user may sgueeze inwardly on the supporting member 7E, preferably with thumb and forefinger, as at a position between the rear of the hollow member 5E and the front of the hub 3E, behind the seals 18E. A similar squeezing action on the supporting inembers 7E forward of the seals 18E may also break the seals 18E. Once the seals 18E have been broken, the hollow member 5E moves forward by the force of the spring 6. The outside of the hollow member 5E flares outward, increasing in diameter toward the rear of the hollow member 5E. This flared shape allows the hollow member 5E to move past the ends of the supporting members 7E, bending the supporting members 7E outward slightly as the hollow -Lierriber 5E moves forward. Once the hollow member 5E has passed the ends of the supporting members 7E and has covered the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, the ends of the supporting members 7E move back inward toward the needle 2 and lodge behind tlie rear surface of the hollow member 5E, preventing accidental rearward movement of the hollow member 5E. Since the supporting members 7E curve toward each other toward their fronts, tlie supporting members 7E are closest together at their front ends. The distance between the supporting members 7E at their front ends is less than the diameter of the rear surface of the hollow member 5E, though, the distance between the two supporting members 7E at the hub 3E is greater than the diameter of the rear surface of the hollow member 5E. Figures 9 and 10 show variations of the fourth embodiment in which securement means in addition to the seals are used to hold the hollow member 5F against tension from the spring. Figure 9 is a side view showing that portion of the embodiment where the variation exists. In the variation depicted in figure 9, a protrusion 10F extends inward from the end of each supporting member 7F. A projection 19F extends outward from the hollow member 5F behind each protrusion 10F. Twisting of the hollow member 5F relative to tlie supporting members 7F releases the protrusions 10F from the projections 19F, as well as breaking the seals 18F. Cnly one seal 18F is shown in figure 9 to indicate that the other seal is located on the other side of the lower supporting member 7F. This allows for smoother, unobstructed forward rrvovement of the hollow member 5F when the hollow member 5F is twisted in a certain direction. Such positioning of the seals is an option on all eπibodiments where two supporting members are attached with seals. Figure 10 is a top view that also shows that part of the embodiment where the variation exists. In the variation depicted in figure 10, a side protrusion 10G extends laterally from the end portion of each supporting member 7G. A projection 19G, similar or identical to the projection 19F shown in figure 9 extends outward from the hollow member 5G behind each side protrusion 10G. In a manner similar to the variation depicted in figure 9, twisting of the hollow member 5G relative to the supporting member 7G increasing in diameter toward the rear of the hollow member 5Ξ. This flared shape allows the hollow member 5E to move past the ends of the supporting members 7E, bending the supporting members 7E outward slightly as tlie hollow member 5E moves forward. Once the hollow member 5E has passed the ends of the supporting members 7E and has covered the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, the ends of the supporting members 7E move back inward toward the needle 2 and lodge behind the rear surface of the hollow member 5E, preventing accidental rearward movement of the hollow member 5E. Since the supporting members 7E curve toward each other toward their fronts, the supporting members 7E are closest together at their front ends. The distance between the supporting ii Tibers 7E at their front ends is less than the diameter of the rear surface of the hollow member 5E, though, the distance between the two supporting members 7E at the hub 3E is greater than the diameter of the rear surface of the hollow member 5E. Figures 9 and 10 show variations of the fourth embodiment in which securement means in addition to the seals are used to hold the hollow member 5F against tension from the spring. Figure 9 is a side view showing that portion of the v=rrιbodiment where the variation exists. In the variation depicted '1 in figure 9, a protrusion 10F extends inward from the end of each supporting member 7F. A projection 19F extends outward from the hollow member 5F behind each protrusion 10F. Twisting of the hollow member 5F relative to the ^ supporting members 7F releases the protrusions 10F from the projections 19F, as well as breaking the seals 18F. Only one seal 18F is shown in figure 9 to indicate that the other seal is located on the other side of the lower supporting member 7F. This allows for smoother, unobstructed forward movanent of the hollow member 5F when the hollow member 5F is twisted in a certain direction. Such positioning of the seals is an option on all embodiments where two supporting members are attached with seals. Figure 10 is a top view that also shows that part of the embodiment where the variation exists. In the variation depicted in figure 10, a side protrusion 10G extends laterally from the end portion of each supporting member 7G. A projection 19G, similar or identical to the projection 19F shown in figure 9 extends outward from the hollow member 5G behind each side protrusion 10G. In a manner similar to the variation depicted in figure 9, twisting of the hollow number 5G relative to the supporting meinber 7G releases the side protrusions 10G from the projections 19G as well as breaking 5 the seals. The manner in which the first version of the fourth anbodiment (figure 8) is designed would enable the hub 3E and supporting members 7E to be formed together by a plastic molding process, such as injection molding, in a mold that, in terminology of the trade, would not require the use of slides. 0 This should be the case either if the hub 3E and supporting members 7E are molded without the needle 2, or if the needle 2 is molded into the hub 3E as a molded-in insert. The necessity of using a mold with slides increases production costs for the item molded. One disadvantage of the embodiments described thus far is that a large 5 proportion of the needle 2 segment of the hypodermic needle 1 must be covered with the hollow irvarrtber and spring 6 prior to and during its use. The segment of the needle 2 thus covered cannot be utilized for its intended purpose. Because of this, the hypodermic needle 1 must be constructed with a longer needle 2 segment than would otherwise be needed for any particular ^ application. In the following err-oodiments, the proportion of the needle 2 segment of the hypodermic needle 1 covered by the hollow itvamber is kept to a minimum by a basic, design change from those previous aτ.ooά_iments. This design change, however, does necessitate the lengthening of the hub portion of the hypodermic needle 1 , except when the desired needle 2 length is relatively short, or when a specially designed syringe with a long neck is used with the hypodermic needle 1. Such a specially designed syringe is depicted, in part, in figure 23. Whether or not the hub must be lengthened to accommodate this design, it would likely be more economical to increase the length of the hub, especially if the hub is formed of plastic, than it would be to increase the length of the steel needle 2 segment of the hypodermic needle 1. In the several following embodiments, the two supporting members are attached to the hollow member rather than the hub. In the fifth etiibodiment of the invention depicted in figure 11, two supporting members 7H are connected with the hollow iember 5H and extend rearward from the hollow member 5H. A protrusion 10H is located at the rear of each supporting member 7H. The supporting members 7H are connected to the hub 3H with seals 18H, which hold the hollow member 5H away from the piercing end 11 of the needle 2 against tension from the spring 6. The hollow member 5H is released by a twist of the supporting members 7H, preferably with thumb and forefinger, in a short circular motion around the outside of the hub 3H, which breaks the seals 18H. The inclined forward portion of the protrusions 10H allow the protrusions 10H to move past the end of the hub 3H as the hollow member 5H moves forward by the force of the spring 6. After the hollow member 5H 10 has covered the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, the protrusions 10H lodge in front of the hub 3H. This prevents accidental rearward movement of the hollow member 5H exposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, as shown in figure 22. Figure 12 depicts another example of this same embodiment where a longer needle segment is used, necessitating a longer hub. The dashed 15 line 21 indicates the rear border of a shorter hub that could be used if the hypcdermic needle is used with a specially designed syringe with a long neck, as the syringe depicted, in part, in figure 23. Figure 13 shows a top view of the hub section in a slight variation of the fifth embodiment. The variation involves widening the rear portion 0 of the supporting members 71, including the protrusions 101, to form a step 22. Two projections 23 extend outward at the rear portion of the hub 31, each projection 23 being aligned with the step 22 on one of the supporting irvembers 71. The steps 22 with the projections 23 provide additional t - securement, along with the seals 181, in holding the hollow member rearward against tension of the spring. The same twisting motion of the supporting members 71 described initially for the fifth embodiment releases the steps 22 from the projections 23, as well as breaking the seals 181 to release the hollow member. Of course, with this variation, one or more of the seals Q 181 could be el-Lminated, or the projection 23 and step 22 may be utilized on only one of the supporting members 71. Figure 13 shows the hub as it would appear after the step 22 on the supporting itiembers 71 has been twisted free of the projection 23. Figure 14 shows the hub section of another variation of the fifth eπ-oodiment. In this example, only one of the two supporting members 7j is secured to the hub 3J with a seal 18J. That same supporting inember 7J includes a .knob 24 on its top. Release of the hollow member is actuated by pushing forward on the knob 24 as with thumb or forefinger, and thus breaking the seal 18J. In the sixth embodiment, depicted in figure 15, a flat front surface 25 on one of the protrusion 100K rests against the rear of the hub 3K. This helps support the hollow member 5K against the tension of the spring 6. The same supporting member 70K on which the protrusion 100K is located is attached to the hub 3K with a seal 18K. The other supporting member 7K is not attached to the hub 3K. Thumb or finger pressure on the rear of the protrusion 100K, pushing upward and forward, releases the protrusion 100K from the hub 3K allowing the hollow member 5K to spring forward. Both protrusions 100K and 10K align with the front of the hub 3K to prevent accidental rearward movement of the hollow mβnber 5K. In the seventh embodiment depicted in figure 16, a flat front surface on one of the protrusions 100L rests against the rear of the hub 3L. A ridge 27 extends outward from the hub 3L directly underneath the supporting member 70L. The supporting member 70L is held away from the hub 3L except at the ridge 27. A seal 18L connects the protrusion 100L with the hub 3L. The seal may alternately be located between the supporting member 70L and the ridge 27, or may be eliminated altogether. The other supporting member 7L is not sealed to the hub 3L. To release the hollow member 5L, a person pushes inward and forward on the supporting πvember 70L, at a position forward of the ridge 27, at a location indicated generally by the arrow 12L. The inward movement of the supporting member 70L at this location causes the protrusion 100L to move outward in relation to the hub 3L, and together with the forward movement causes the protrusion 100L to be released from the hub 3L. The seal 18L is broken in the process, and the hollow member 5L moves forward to cover tle piercing end 11 of the needle 2. After lodging in front of the hub 3L, the protrusions 100L and 10L prevent rearward movement of the hollow member 5L. The eighth embodiment is shown in figures 17 and 19, wherein figure 19 depicts a version with a longer needle to be used with a syringe with a long neck, such as the syringe shown, in part, in figure 23. In this er )θdiment the supporting members 7M curve inward toward the rear so that the supporting members 7M are closest together at their ends. The supporting members 7 are connected with the hollow member 5M, and are connected to the hub 3M with the seals 18M. A short twisting of the supporting meiTibers 7 around the periphery of the hub 3M (as in the fifth embodiment) causes the seals 18M to break. Another action by which the seals 18M may be broken is squeezing inwardly on the supporting πjambers 7M, preferably with thumb and forefinger, as at a location just forward of the seals 18 , or, alternately, just rearward of the seals 18M. Once broken, the hollow member 5M travels forward by the force of the spring 6, bending the end portions of the supporting members 7M outward slightly as they pass the hub 3M. Since the distance between the ends of the supporting members 7 is less than the diameter of the front surface of the hub 3M, the ends of the supporting members 7M lodge in front of the hub 3M after the hollow member 5M has covered the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, preventing rearward movement of the hollow rtijamber 5M. Figure 18 depicts a slight variation of this aτιbodiment in which the hub 3N is formed to flare outward toward the front, so that the diameter of the front surface of the hub 3N is greater than the diameter of the rear of the hub 3N. The manner in which the eighth c___ xχj-iment is designed would enable the hollow πijember 5M and the supporting members 7M to be formed together by a plastic molding process, such as injection molding, in a mold that would not require the use of slides. Occasionally, a hypodermic needle and a syringe are packaged as a single unit, such as to dispense a specified quantity of medicine. In the ninth eπibodiment, depicted in figure 20, a hypodermic needle/syringe combination is shown in which the two function as a single disposable unit to carry out the primary object of this invention. Seals 18P attach the protrusions 10P to the syringe 50 to hold the hollow member 5P against tension from the spring 6. A twist of the syringe 50 with one hand while holding the hub 3P of the hypodermic needle with thumb and forefinger of the other hand, breaks the seals 18P allowing the hollow member 5P to move forward. The presence of the thumb and forefinger on the hub 3P prevents the supporting members 7P from simply turning with the syringe 50, rather than breaking. The relatively wide syringe 50 offers a sturdy grip for the user to twist. Although the hypcdermic needle shown in this emboσ-iment is essentially identical to the one depicted in figure 11, any of those previous embedments in which the hollow member is released by twisting the supporting members may be used in (rombination with the syringe in the manner just described and shown in figure 20. In the tenth en±odiment as depicted in figure 21 , a specially designed syringe is used with a separate hypodermic needle. As was tle case for the eπibcdiment depicted in figure 20, the hypodermic needle used in this exainple is essentially identical to the one depicted in figure 11, though any of those previously described hypodermic needles in which the hollow member is released by twisting the supporting mambers may be used with this type of syringe. Flaps 51 extending forward on the syringe 50 match with the ends of tle supporting members 7Q and protrusions 10Q of the hypcdermic needle. A twist of the syringe 50 while thumb and forefinger grasp the hub 3Q causes the flaps 51 to rotate the supporting inembers 7Q, thus breaking the seals 18Q. The flaps 51 of this syringe 50 may be combined with a long neck, as on the syringe depicted in figure 23, to be used with those hypodermic needles designed to be used with long neck syringes. In such a combination, it would likely be desirable to extend the flaps 51 of figure 21 further forward as well. In the eleventh and twelfth ertibodiments, depicted in figures 24 through 31, a hollow ittember similar to those employed in the previous embodiiτients is pushed forward by the user, rather than by a spring. In the eleventh en xodijnnent, depicted in figure 24, a front ridge 28R and a rear ridge 29R encircle the hollow member 5R to form an encircling groove 30R. .Seals 18R connect tle rear ridge 29R with the two supporting members 7R that extend forward fran the hub 3R, and a protrusion 1OR extends inward fran the end of each supporting member 7R. In practice, the user breaks the seals 18R either by twisting the hollow member 5R relative to the supporting members 7R, or simply by pushing the hollow meinber 5R forward. After the seals 18R have been broken, the user pushes, or continues to push, the hollow meinber 5R forward toward the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. The inclined forward surface of the front ridge 28R allows the hollow member 5R to pass by the ■ protrusions 10R, bending tlie supporting members 7R outward slightly, until • the groove 30R reaches the protrusions 10R, whereupon the supporting meinbers 7£ sp i g inward pushing the protrusions 10R into the groove 30R. Once the protrusions 10R are positioned in the groove 3OR the hollow meinber 5R is prevented from moving rearward exposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2, or frαn moving forward off the end of the needle 2, as shown in figure 25. In a variation of the eleventh embcdiinent depicted in figure 26, a projection 19S extends outward from the hollow πiember 5S behind each protrusion 10S bo help prevent accidental breakage of the seals. Twisting of the hollow member 5S relative to the supporting rnernbers 7S breaks the seals 18S and releases the projections 19S frαn the protrusions 10S, allowing the hollow πiember 5S to be pushed forward. Figure 27 depicts another variation of the eleventh eπibαiliment in which the front ridge 28T extends to the rear of the protrusions 10T. In this variation, the front ridge 28T is very wide and is flat on its outer surface, and is convex just behind the protrusions 10T. In the variation depicted in figure 27, the seals 18T may, if desired, be eliminated altogether. Figure 28 depicts the twelfth camιbcdi_ιτver_t in which supporting manbers 7U extend rearward frαn the hollow member 5u. A protrusion 10U extends inwar from the end of each supporting member 7ϋ. The outside rear edge of the hub 3U is inclined 31ϋ to allow passage of the protrusions 10U. A groove 30U encircles the hub 3U near the front of the hub 3U, and seals 18U temporarily connect the supporting members 7U with the hub 3U. In this example, the portion of the hub 3U located forward of the groove 30U extends outward slightly more than the portion of the hub 3U located behind the groov 30U. Twisting or pushing of the supporting πiembers 7U or hollow member 5U breaks the seals 18U, allowing the hollow member 5U to be pushed forward to cover the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. As forward movanent proceeds, the supporting members 7U bend outward as the protrusions 10U move up the inclined 31U rear outside edge of the hub 3U, and subsequently spring inward as the protrusions 10U reach the groove 30U. Once in the groove 30U, the protrusions 10U prevent forward and rearward movement of the hollow member 5U, which now covers the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. The twelfth eπibodiment may be adapted for a longer needle 2 by lengthening the hub 3U and supporting rnernbers 7U, or by lengthening only the supporting members 7U whereupon it would be used with a long neck syringe, as the syringe depicted in figure 23. The seals 18U may, if desired, be eliminated in this eπibcdiment in those versions where the protrusions 10U rest directly or nearly directly behind the inclined 31U rear outside edge of the hub 3U. The seals 18U may also be eliminated, if desired, in the variations of this embodiment depicted, in part, in figures 29 and 30. In figure 29, a protuberance 32V extends inward from one or both supporting members 7V into the groove 30V. The inclined front of the protuberance 32V allows the protuberance 32V to be pushed out of the groove 30V. In figure 30, the protuberance 32W extends inward from one or both supporting members 7W directly behind the inclined 31 rear outside edge of the hub 3 . The example as depicted in figure 30 is designed for use with a long neck syringe, as the syringe in figure 23. The inclined front of the protuberance 32 allows the protuberance 32W to be pushed up the inclined 31 outside rear edge of the hub 3 , and past the groove (not shown) . Figure 31 depicts a top view of another variation of the twelfth embodiment in which a side protrusion 33 extends laterally frαn each supporting member 7X. A projection 34 extends outward from the hub 3X in front of each side protrusion 33. Alignment of the side protrusions 33 and the projections 34 helps to prevent accidental breakage of the seals. Twisting of the supporting manbers 7X relative to the hub 3X breaks the seals and releases the side protrusions 33 from the projections 34, allowing the hollow member to be pushed forward. The presence of the side protrusions 33 and the projections 34 allow the option of eliminating the seals. In the eleventh and twelfth eπibodiments, and in the variations of the eleventh and twelfth embodiments, springs may be added between the hubs and the hollow members in order that those embodiments may function in the same manner as the first through tenth emboό-iments, in that the hollow members, once released, would move forward by the force of such springs rather than by being pushed by the user. Of course, the exact structure of those embodiments as shown in the figures would generally be modified in order to accc-TTnodate the presence of the spring. For example, the supporting manber may be lengthened or the hollow manber shortened, relative to the other. The springs may or may not be attached to the hubs and/or hollow inembers since, once in the groove (the groove designated by 30 followed by a letter), the protrusions (10 followed by a letter) would prevent forward as well as rearward movement of the hollow member, thus preventing the hollow member from sliding off the end of the needle 2. The fact that the spring need not necessarily be attached to the hollow member and/or the hub may constitute an advantage over those previous emboόliments where springs were used, that advantage being a possible lower cost of manufacture. When used with springs, the twelfth cembodiment as depicted in figure 28 may be used in cαnbination with the syringe of figure 20 (without the seals 18U), and with tle syringe of figure 21. The variation of the twelfth en odiment as depicted in figure 31 may also be used in combination with the syringes of figures 20 and 21. Fig. 35 depicts an anbodiment similar to that shown in fig. 24 but where a spring 6 is used to push the hollow member 5Y forward once the seals 18Y are broken. Positioning of the protrusions 10Y in the groove 30Y prevents rearward or forward movement of the hollow member 5Y. Fig. 36 shows an emboό-iment similar to that shown in Fig. 26 but with a spring 6 added. In addition to the positioning of the protrusions 10Z in front of the projections 19Z, the seal 18Z helps prevent accidental release of the hollow member 5Z as well as indicating that the needle has not been used. Again, once the protrusions 10Z lodge in the groove 30Z the hollow member 5Z is prevented from moving rearward or forward. Fig. 37 depicts the embod-unent of fig. 28 but where a spring 6 pushes the hollow member 5AA forward once the seal 18AA has been broken. Positioning of the protrusions 10AA in the groove 30AA prevents rearward or forward movement of the hollow niember 5AA. Variations to this embodiment (with a spring) include those depicted in Figs. 29, 30 and 31. In the ernbcdiments depicted in Figs. 35, 36 and 37 the spring 6 need not (if desired) be attached to either the hub or hollow member. It will also be noted that the hollow member of figures 24, 26 and 27 may be anployed in the first, second, and third emboόliments (figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), or with the first variation of the fourth en±ioo-iment (figure 9), in place of the hollow members used in those embodiments. When so employed, the protrusions of those first 3 embodiments (10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D including tle variation) or the protrusion 10F of figure 9 would hold the hollow member away from the piercing end of the needle by lodging in front of the hollow member 5R of figure 24, in front of the projections 19S of figure 26, or in front of tle convex forward edge of the (wide) front ridge 28T on the hollow member 5T of figure 27. Seals may or may not be used in these combinations, depending on the particular application and preference. After the hollow member has been released, those protrusions 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, or 10F would lodge in the groove 30R, 30S, or 30T of figures 24, 26, and 27 respectfully, preventing forward as well as rearward movanent of the hollow member. When the hollow members 5R, 5S, or 5T of figures 24, 26, or 27 respectfully are used with any of the first four embodiments, in place of those hollow irtembers described for use with those embodiments, the spring 6 may or may not be attached to tle hub and/or hollow manber. The spring 6 may also be eliminated altogether, though use without the spring 6 is best suited for the variation of the fourth embodiment (figure 8) depicted in figure 9. When used without a spring, seals may or may not 10 be used, again, depending on the particular application and preference. - When the hollow πembers 5R, 5S, or 5T are used in cαnbination with the second embodiment (figure 6), the rear ridge 29R, 29S, or 29T of the hollow members 5R, 5S, and 5T respectfully would act as the fulcrum to the supporting members ,c 7C of figure 6 in place of the ridge 14 as initially described for that function in that anbodiment. Also, the sixth and seventh ernbodiments (figures 15 and 16 respectfully) may employ a hub with a groove, as the groove 30U depicted in figure 28, though such a groove would have to be wide enough to accαrrnodate the 20 protrusion 100k of figure 15, or the protrusion 100L of figure 16. With the protrusion 100K of figure 15, or the protrusion 100L of figure 16 lodged in a groove in the hub as tlie groove 30U of figure 28, the hollow member would be prevented frαn moving rearward or forward. In this cαnbination, a spring as the spring 6 may or may not be used, and if used, the spring 25 may or may not be attached to the hub and/or hollow mβTiber. The use of seals is also optional in these combinations, both with and without tle use of a spring. Fig. 38 depicts an embodiment similar to that shown in Fig. 15 but where the hub 3BB includes an encircling groove 30BB. As is the case with the 30 eπibcdiments of Figs. 37 and 39, the ridge 28BB in front of the groove 30BB is higher than tlie ridge 29EB in tlie rear of the groove 30BB. Once the protrusion 100BB has been lifted over the rear of the hub 3BB, and the seal 18BB has been broken, the spring 6 pushes the hollow inember 5BB forward until the protrusion 100BB lodges in the groove 30BB, thus preventing rearward 35 or forward movement of the hollow member 5BB. The other protrusion 10BB also helps prevent rearward movanent of the hollow member 5BB. In this embodiment, tle spring 6 need not be attached to either the hub 3BB or hollow manber 5BB. Fig. 39 depicts an aτιbodiment similar to that shown in fig. 16 but where the hub 3CC includes an encircling groove 30CC. Pushing downward on the supporting irember 70CC, as at 12CC, causes the protrusion 100CC to move upward over tle rear of the hub 3CC, while breaking the seal 18CC in the process. The spring 6 pushes the hollow iTianber 5CC forward until the protrusion 100CC lodges in the groove 30CC, thus preventing forward or rearward movement of the hollow member 50C. The other protrusion 10CC aids in preventing rearward movanent of the hollow meinber 5CC. Again, the spring 6 need not be attached to either the hub 3CC or the hollow member 5CC. In another α-)mbination of features used in the various embodiments, it will be noted that the knob 24 of figure 14 may be used in cαnbination with the twelfth embcdiment depicted in figure 28, and the variations of the twelfth embodiment depicted in figures 29 and 30. The knob 24 of figure 14 may also be used in the seventh embodiment depicted in figure 16, the knob 24 being located on the supporting member 70L at a location indicated generally by the arrow 12L. Of course, the knob 24, or a similar feature may be used to increase one's grip on a supporting member of any embcdiment where one or more supporting ma"tιbers are released by pushing or twisting. In a number of the proceeding embodiments a seal (as denoted by the numeral 18 followed by one or two letters) was described to form a brealcable connection between components. J S explained earlier, tle seal 18 can be formed in any of a variety of ways and is broken as the user is putting the hypodermic needle in the safe mode. .As described thus far, the seal 18 has been used primarily to hold the hollow member away from the piercing end of the needle (against tension from the spring where applicable), and to prevent accidental release of the hollow member where another means is also used to hold the hollow member away frαn the piercing end of the needle. Another function of the seal 18 is to assure users that, if unbroken, the hypodermic needle has probably not been used, and, if broken, the hypodermic needle is likely contaminated even though the hollow member may have been re-positioned away frαn the piercing end of the needle. For these latter two functions, (indicator of contamination and secondary holding means), the seal 18 may be included on those embodiments previously described without having a seal 18. For example, a seal may be used in the first embcdiment (figs. 3 and 4) between the bumps 9A and the supporting members 7A, or between the protrusions 10A or supporting members 7A and the hollow manber 5A; in the second embodiment (fig. 6) between the supporting members 7C and the ridge 1 , or between the protrusions 10C or ends of the supporting members 7C and the hollow member 5C; and in the third embodiment (fig. 7) between the protuberances 16 and the protuberances 17, or between the protrusions 10D or the ends of tle supporting πiembers 7D and the hollow member 5D. In all erribodiments where a seal 18 is or can be used, the function of the seal can include that of indicating use or non use and/or to act as a secondary securement means (where another means is also employed) for holding the hollow member away from the piercing end of the needle, whether or not such functions are mentioned in the descriptions of those embodiments. Where the seal 18 has been described to hold one component to another, it may be used on both sides of that cαnponent. For exainple, in the various er iodύnents where a supporting member has been described as being attached to a hub or hollow maϊiber with a seal 18, the supporting manber may be attached to that hub or hollow member with seals 18 on both sides of the supporting manber. Also, where two identical or similar components, such as supporting members, have been described as being attached to another component with a seal 18, only one of those two may be so attached, if desired, in order to make it easier to break free. Finally, the seal 18 itself may be replaced with a feature of similar function or otherwise be formed in a manner not previously described. Especially in those cases where the purpose of the seal is only to indicate whether or not prior use has taken place and/or to act as a secondary securement means where another means is also employed to hold the hollow member away frαn the piercing end of the needle, a seal may be formed of paper or plastic (or like material) with adhesive applied to one surface thereof and joined to two separate cαnponents that move relative to each other when being placed in the safe mode. If such a seal has been torn to form two pieces, prior use is indicated as likely. Of course, such a seal could be used as the primary or only means of holding the hollow meinber away from the piercing end of the needle. Furtheπnore, any of the other various examples of seals described above could be used where the purpose is only to indicate prior use or non use. Altlough all embodiments herein described utilize two supporting inembers. all of these emtodiments, and variations thereof, are adaptable to be used with only one such supporting member. besides lowering manufacturing costs, the use of only one supporting member may result in making s ne or all of the eriibcdiments easier to use, since there would be less crowding together of tle various inembers, possibly making operation with one's fingers easier. In the erriboά-iment shown in fig. 40, the rearward extending portion of the supporting meinbers 7DD include the protrusions 10DD which extend inward from the supporting member 7DD to form a ledge 36DD. The ledge 36DD contacts a rear surface of the hub 3DD. This holds the hollow manber 5DD away from the piercing end 11 of the needle 2 against tension frαn the spring 6. Two releasers 38DD extend rearward from tle rear surface of the hub 3DD. The depicted design of the releasers and hub, in combination, would enable them, if formed of plastic, to be formed together in a plastic injection mold without a slide (including a multiple cavity mold). Twisting of the supporting members 7DD, as with thumb and forefinger, around the outside of the hub 3DD causes the protrusions 10DD on the ends of the supporting members 7DD to contact the slanted sides 37DD of the releasers 38DD. Continued twisting in the same direction causes these protrusions 10DD to slide along this slanted surface 37DD of tlie releasers 38DD, thus pushing the ends of the supporting members 7DD outward until the ledges 36DD are pushed past the outside rear edge of the hub 3DD, releasing the supporting members 7DD frαn the hub 3DD and thereby allowing tle hollow member 5DD to move forward, by force of the spring 6, and to cover the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. Once past the hub 3DD, the end portion of the supporting members 7DD, including the protrusions 10DD, spring inward so that the ends of the supporting members 7DD are aligned with the frontal surface of the hub 3DD. Tlie hollow member 5DD is thus supported against rearward movement that would reexpose the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. The embodiment shown in fig. 41 works in the same manner as that shown in fig. 40; However, with the embcdiment of fig. 41 , the ends of the supporting maτιbers 7EE are constructed differently. In this embodiment (of Fig. 41 ) the outside surface of the end portion of tle supporting members 7EE curve inward as they extend rearward so that the end (rear facing) surfaces of the supporting manbers 7EE do not extend outward past the front outside edge of the hub 3EE when in the safe mode. This design (of Fig. 41 ) is intended to prevent the ends of the supporting manbers 7EE from sliding 5 outward, past the front outside edge of the hub 3EE if, while in the safe mode, excessive pressure is exerted against the front of the hollow manber in the direction of the hub. Instead, this design should cause the end of the supporting member to slide inward toward the needle 2 as a response to such excessive pressure. ■ * • " Fig. 42 shows a slight variation of the end of the supporting m nber 7EE shown in Fig. 41, with tle same purpose in mind. Fig. 43 depicts a supporting irember that can be used with the hypodermic needles of Figs. 40 or 41. The protrusion 10FF extending inward from the supporting πtember 7FF (to form the ledge 36FF) is not located at the end 15 of tle supporting member 7FF. This design would allow the exposed needle segment (exposed while in the usable mode) to be longer without increasing tle hub length. It is designed to be used with a long neck syringe, as that depicted (in part) in Fig. 23; however, a similar design could be used with a standard syringe where the distance between the protrusion 10FF and the 0 end of the supporting πiembers 7FF is not so great as to prevent proper engagement between the hub and the syringe. In the embcdiment shown in Fig. 44, twisting of the supporting manbers 7GG, relative to the hub 3GG causes the protrusions 10GG of the supporting members 7GG to contact the slanted sides of the releasers 38GG. These 5 releasers 38GG are shaped like those releasers 38DD shown in Fig. 40, or releasers 38EE shown in Fig. 41. Continued twisting of the supporting manbers 7GG in tlie same direction causes the end portions of the supporting inembers 7GG to bend outward as the protrusions 10GG are urged outward past the rear outer edge of the hub 3GG. This allows the spring 6 to push the hollow manber 0 5GG forward until the protrusions 10GG spring inward into the groove 30GG. Once tle protrusions 10GG are in the groove 30GG, the hollow maiiber 5GG is prevented from moving either forward off the end of the needle, or rearward reexposing the piercing end 11 of the needle 2. The embodiment shown in Fig. 45 works like that shown in Fig. 44 except 5 that, the user rather than a spring pushes the hollow member 5HH forward. Twisting of the supporting πiembers 7HH relative to the hub 3HH first causes the protrusions 10HH to contact the slanted sides of tle releasers 38HH, while continued twisting causes tle releasers 38HH to urge tle protrusions 10HH outward past the outside edge of the hub 3HH. The user then pushes the supporting member 7HH and hollow π>ember 5HH forward (by pushing on eitlier until the protrusions 10HH spring inward and lodge in the groove 30HH. The hollow member 5HH is thus supported against moving forward or rearward and the piercing end of the needle 11 ranains covered by the hollow manber 5HH. The releasers 38HH of Fig. 45 are constructed as the releasers 38HH of Fig. 40 or releasers 38EE of Fig. 41. In the embodiments depicted in Figs. 40, 41, (42, 43), 44 and 45 only one releaser may, if desired, be present on tle rear of the hub with only one of the supporting members having the ledge that is engagable with the rear surface of the hub, or with only one supporting member present at all. Also, two releasers may be employed on the rear of the hub with only one supporting member having the ledge engagable with tlie rear surface of the hub, or only one supporting member present at all. In the embodiments of Figs. 46, 47 and 48, the supporting members are connected with the hub and extend forward therefrαn. Tlie releasers 3811, 38JJ and 38K of Figs. 46, 47 and 48 respectively are constructed as releaser 38DD or 38EE of Figs. 40 and 41. However, the releasers of these three eiiiboόliments are located at the front of the hollow members rather than at the rear of the hubs. In the embαiiment depicted in Fig. 46, the user twists the hollow member 511, as with thumb and forefinger, relative to the supporting inembers 711. This causes the releasers 3811 to contact the protrusions 1011 and eventually urge these protrusions 1011 outward past the outer front edge of the hollow manber 511. The spring 6 then pushes the hollow member 511 forward until the ends of the supporting members 711, including tlie protrusions 1011 spring inward behind tlie rear of the hollow manber 511. Once the protrusions 1011 are lodged behind the hollow member 511, the hollow member 511 is supported against rearward movanent, while tle spring 6 which is attached to the hub 311 and the hollow member 511 keeps the hollow member 511 frαn sliding off the end of the needle 2. It is also noted that tlie protrusions 1011 of this embodiment may, if desired, be replaced with the protrusions 10EE of Fig. 41, or of that depicted in Fig. 42. Fig. 47 depicts an enτbod-Lment where the protrusions 10JJ lodge in a groove 30JJ to support the hollow member 5JJ. As wi-th the embodirnent depicted in Fig. 46, twisting of the hollow manber 5JJ relative to the supporting itiember 7JJ causes engagement of the releasers 38JJ with the protrusions 10JJ. With continued twisting, the releasers 38JJ push the protrusions 10JJ outward past the outer edge of the front of the hollow member 5J.7, and the spring 6 pushes the hollow member 5JJ forward until the protrusions 10JJ lodge in the groove 30JJ and thus support the hollow inaiiber 5JJ against forward or 10 rearward movanent. The spring 6 may or may not be attached to the hub 3JJ and/or the hollow member 5JJ since forward as well as rearward movement of the hollow member 5JJ is prevented. As with the embod_unents of Figs. 46 and 47, in the aτιbodiment depicted in Fig. 48 the protrusions 10KK are pushed outward past the front outer ,5 edge of the hollow member 5KK by engagement between the protrusions 10KK and tle releasers 38KK, which is accαttplished by twisting the hollow member 5KK relative to the supporting members 7KK. However, unlike the previous two eιτ-θθό-iments, the user rather than a spring pushes the hollow member 5KK forward. Once the protrusions 10KK lodge in the groove 30KK, the hollow 2o member 5KK is supported against forward or rearward movement. In the ernbodiments of Figs. 46, 47, and 48, if so desired, only one releaser may be present on the front of the hollow member with only one of the protrusions having a flat rear surface (ledge), or with only one supporting member present at all. Also, two releasers may be employed on 25 the front of the hollow member with only one protrusion having tle flat rear surface or ledge, or with only one supporting member present at all. Although not shown in the drawings, the hollow manbers of Figs. 46, 47, and 48 may, if desired, include one or more projections of any of a variety of shapes extending outward therefrom in order to make it easier 30 for those hollow inembers to be twisted. Such projections may be the shape of a fin, for example, and may also be utilized on other anbodiments where the hollow πiember is released by t sting or pushing, such as those depicted in Figs. 8, 9, 10, 24, 26, 27, 35 or 36. In the embodiments depicted in Figs. 40 through 48, one or more breal^able 35 seals may also be used as between one or both supporting manbers and the hub (Figs. 40 through 45), or between one or both supporting members and the hollow maτιber (Figs. 46 through 48), or elsewhere. Again, the purpose of such seal(s) would be to help prevent accidental release of the hollow manber and/or to assure the user that the hypodermic needle hasn't already been placed in the protective mode once, which would indicate likely contamination. The seals used for this purpose could be like any of those described earlier, such as melted plastic or another melted material, or any other type of adhesive, or tlie paper or plastic seals described earlier, for example. In some of those embodiinents where the supporting manbers extend forward from tlie hub, a modification could be made that would make it possible to have a longer usable needle segment without lengthening tlie covered portion of tlie needle. For example, Fig. 3 depicts an anbcdiment where the supporting manbers 7A do not extend forward frαn the front of the hub 3A, but rather extend forward from the rear of the hub 3A. With such a design of tlie hub and supporting meinbers and with the eli nation of the bumps 9A, a hollow member could be used in which tlie rear portion (of the hollow manber) extends rearward over the hub, (as hub 3.A of Fig. 3), extending clear back to or nearly to where tle supporting members 7A connect with the hub 3A. For example, hollow member 5A of Fig. 3 could flare outward and extend rearward beyond its presently depicted position in the drawing, covering tlie spring 6 and most of the length of the hub 3A. The protrusions 10A (of Fig. 3) would then lodge behind this lengthened hollow manber while in the safe mode. This would allow for the exposed portion of the needle 2 to be longer without necessitating an increase in the length of tle covered (covered in tle usable mode) portion of the needle. Of course, the spring 6 would have to be of an appropriate length, when extended, to accα-nmodate such a design. Also, the hub may or may not be tapered as hub 3A of Fig. 3 is tapered (The outside of the hub may otherwise be a constant diameter). Releasers, as releasers 3811 of Fig. 46 (or depicted more clearly in Fig. 40 as reference character 38DD) could be present on the front of the hollow member 5A to enable it to be released by twisting. Also, the hollow members depicted in Figs. 6, 9, 10 and 46 could be modified in tlie same manner, to extend further rearward over tlie spring 6 and most of the hub, when used with the hub/supporting manbers cαnbination as just described (as depicted in Fig. 3 without the bumps 9A, with or witliout a slanted hub) . Release of the supporting manbers could be accαnplished in tle manner previously described for the embodiments shown in those figures. Fig. 8 depicts an embodiment where there are no protrusions at the ends of the supporting members 7E. These supporting inembers 7E could be connected 5 at the rear of the hub 3E, as are supporting members 7A of fig. 3, and the hollow maTiber 5E could be made to extend further rearward, extending over the spring 6 and covering much of the length of the hub 3Ξ in order that this anbodiment, as modified, could also have a longer segment of exposed needle. ■J ^ Q In those embodiments where the hollow manber includes a groove engagable with a protrusion on the supporting manbers, such hollow manbers could be made in the manner just described, extending outward (if necessary) and rearward to cover much of the hub in an embodiment where the hub and supporting manbers are constructed and connected in the manner depicted in 15 Fig. 3 (without the bumps 9A), and where the hub is eitlier tapered (as depicted in Fig. 3) or of a constant diameter. The grooves on the hollow members would also be located further rearward, preferably on that portion of the hollow member that encircles the hub. However, if this is not practical, the groove could encircle the spring. Again, the advantage of 20 this design is that it allows for a longer exposed needle segment to be present without increasing the length of tle covered portion of the needle (covered while in the usable mode). This modification is applicable to those embodiments (with a groove in the hollow member) with springs (as those depicted in Figs. 35, 36 and 47) as well as those embodiments without springs 25 (as depicted in Figs. 24, 26, 27 and 48). Release of the supporting members could be accαnplished in the manner previously described for the ercibodiments shown in those figures. It is further disclosed that in all of those eπibodiments that include a spring and where the supporting n_ιembers extend forward frαn the hub, the 30 hollow member could otherwise extend further rearward, over the spring, but only back to or nearly to the hub. This would also allow for a longer exposed needle segment to be present (in the usable mode), without a corresponding increase in the length of the covered portion of the needle. Depending on the particular embodiment so modified, support against rearward movanent 35 of the hollow member would eitlier be by alignment of the front of the supporting manber and the rear of the hollow member, or otherwise by positioning of a protrusion on tle supporting member in a groove in the hollow manber. When a groove in the hollow member is used, that would also be positioned further rearward. Such a modification could be applied to those embodiments shown in Figs. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 35, 36, 46 and 47, for example. One or more breakable seals may also be used in all such embodiments with a lengthened hollow member (as just described) in order to help prevent accidental release of the hollow member and/or to assure the user that the hypcdermic needle hasn't already been used. Where applicable, the seal(s) may also be used as the means to hold the hollow member away frαn the piercing end of the needle. Such seal(s) could be as any of those previously described for these purposes as applied to other en±ociLments. The location of such a seal(s) could be between the hollow member and the hub or supporting manber, for example. Also, in any of these eπibodiments only one supporting manber may be used, if so desired. And further, a projection of s ne type, (as the "fin" described earlier, for example) may be present on the hollow manber to make it easier to twist or push those hollow members to release them. The following applies to all of the eπibodiments that utilize springs, and where support means against rearward movanent of the hollow member is achieved by alignment of the end(s) of the supporting member(s) and the frontal surface of the hub: The springs may be of such a length so that, the hypodermic needle is in the safe mode (the spring is extended) there is a space between the end(s) of tle supporting member(s) and the front of the hub, or, alternately, the end(s) of the supporting manber(s) may be in contact with tlie front of the hub while in the safe mode. In the ladder case, forward motion of the springs, hollow manbers and supporting manbers, after release, causes tlie spring to over extend itself so that the end(s) of the supporting member(s) clear the hub, and then spring back to make contact with the front of the hub. likewise, where support means is achieved by alignment of the end(s) of tle supporting member(s) and tle rear of the hollow member, and where springs are used, the same holds true; that is, the springs may either be of such a length so that, when extended (the hypodermic needle is in the safe mode), the end(s) of the supporting member(s) are in contact with the rear of the hollow member, or, alternately, there may be a space between the end(s) of tle supporting ιnember(s) and tlie rear of tlie hollow member. Again, in the former situation, the forward mαnentum of the extending spring and tlie hollow member causes overextension of tle spring, allowing the hollow πiember to clear the end(s) of the supporting ιnember(s) before recoil of the spring pulls the hollow member back, to make contact with the end(s) of the supporting liiember(s). In any of the embodiments described herein, a small cord or cable or the like, hereafter referred to as a "cord" may be used to connect " the hub with the hollow member (or supporting member) in order to prevent the hollow member from sliding off the end of the needle. This cord so employed would be particularly applicable in those ertt-odiments where there is no protrusion on a supporting πiember that ledges in a groove or depression in the tle hub. In those e-nbodiments where springs are used, this cord could be used to prevent an overextending spring from pushing tle hollow lnember off the end of the needle. The cord could also be used to eliminate the need to connect the spring to the hub and the hollow member (or supporting member) in those embodiments where such a connection is otherwise necessary. Furthermore, such a cord could be used in place of a spring in all of the embodiments that have been shown and/or described as having a spring (again, especially in those ernboό-ύnents where no protrusion on a supporting member lodges in a groove or depression in the hub. In such an application, the user would push the hollow manber forward. Health workers sometimes use a small disposable device in which to prick a finger in order to take a single drop of blood for a sample. A device called a lancet is used for this purpose. The various aiibodiments of this invention are adaptable to such a device, or a device designed for such a function. Of course, a hollow needle capable of transmitting fluids need not be used in this function, nor would a hub designed to transmit fluids to or frαn a syringe. To perform such a function, a round sharply pointed needle that is not necessarily hollow, or a flat sharply pointed blade-like member may be attached to a handle with the essential outer characteristics of the various hubs described herein. All of the other features described for the various embodiments, and variations of those a.ιbod_unents, would be used in adapting any one embodiment, or variation thereof, to this function; again, all features except the fluid txansraitting means of the needle and hub. Of course, certain modifications of tlie various inatibers may be necessary. For example, if a flat blade-like manber is used as the piercing manber, the hole through the hollow member would have a conforming shape. If a spring is used to push the hollow manber forward, that spring should, preferably, have a conforming shape around the periphery of that blade-like liiember. 10 The hole passing through the hollow members of the various anbodiinents may be of varying character, as those depicted in figures 32, 33 and 34. Figures 32, 33 and 34 are cross-sectional views of hollow manbers with the needle 2 included. The structures depicted in figures 33 or 34, or a similar grooved construction, may prove advantageous in the manufacture of the hollow 15 inembers in sane or all of the embodiments, especially when those hollow iiieiribers are formed of plastic. The invention herein described, including all embodiments and variations of those iibodiments, and including the various functions thereof, can be used in either human or veterinary medicine for use on either humans or 20 animals. Also, where a hypodermic needle and a syringe are cαnbined as a single unit, any of the aτιbodiments of hypodermic needles, or variations thereof herein described, may be packaged and/or sold in such a cαnbination with -. - a syringe as a single unit. While several embodiments and modifications thereto of the invention have been shown and described herein as best modes for carrying out the invention, it should be understood that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from tlie subject matter coming within the - 0 scope of the invention and the following claims. 35

Claims: THE CLAIMS 1. A safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engagable with a syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing throug said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) a spring positioned between said hollow member and said hub; e) at least one supporting member connected with said hollow member, said supporting member including a rearward extending portion adapted to engage said hub; f) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, against tensio from said spring, so that after said hollow member is released by said securement means, said hollow member will move forward along said needle, by force of said spring, and at least partially cover said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said rearward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hub to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 2. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 1, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; 5 b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. ° 3. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 1, wherein two supporting members extend rearward from said hollow member. 4. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 1, wherein said support means is provided by the end or ends of said one or 5 more supporting members adapted to push against the frontal surface of said hub. 5. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 4, wherein said releasable securement means includes: 0 a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said 5 hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 6) The safety hypodermic needle of claim 4, wherein said 30 rearward extending portion of said one or more supporting members curve inward, toward the axial center of said hypodermic needle, as said one or more supporting members extend rearward away from said hollow member. " 7) The safety hypodermic needle of claim 6, wherein said one or more supporting members and said hollow member are plastic and are formed together as a single piece in a plastic injection mold without a slide. 8) The safety hypodermic needle of claim 1, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or depression in said hub. 9) The safety hypodermic needle of claim 8, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 10) A safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engagable with a syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) at least one supporting member connected with said hollow member, said supporting member including a rearward extending portion adapted to engage said hub; e) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, so that after said hollow member is released by said securement means, said hollow member may be moved forward, along said needle, to a position at least partially covering said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said rearward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hub to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 11) The safety hypodermic needle of claim 10, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable * with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 12. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 10, wherein two supporting members extend rearward from said hollow member. 13. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 10, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or depression in said hub. 14. T e safety hypodermic needle of claim 13, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 15. A safety hypodermic needle comprising: . a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engagable with a syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) a spring positioned between said hollow member and said hub; e) at least one supporting member connected with said hub, said supporting member including a forward extending portion adapted to engage said hollow member; f) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, against tension from said spring, so that after said hollow member is released be said securement means, said hollow member will move forward along said needle, by force of said spring, and at least partially cover said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said forward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hollow member to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 16. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 15, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 17. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 15, wherein two supporting members extend forward from said hub. 18. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 15, wherein said support means is provided by the end or ends of said one or more supporting members being adapted to push against a rear surface of said hollow member. 19. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 18, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 20. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 18, wherein said forward extending portion of said one or more supporting members curve inward, toward the axial center of said hypodermic needle, as said one or more supporting members extend forward away from said hub. 21. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 20, wherein said one or more supporting members and said hub are plastic and are formed together as a single piece in a plastic injection mold without a slide. 22. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 15, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or depression in said hollow member. 23. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 22, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 24. A safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engagable with a syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) at least one supporting member connected with said hub, said supporting member including a forward extending portion adapted to engage said hollow member; e) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, so that after said ' hollow member is released by said securement means, said hollow member may be moved forward, along said needle, to a position at least partially covering said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said forward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hollow member to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 25. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 24, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 26. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 24, wherein two supporting members extend forward from said hub. 27. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 24, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or depression in said hollow member. 28. The safety hypodermic needle of claim 27, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away 43 from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 29. In combination with a syringe, a safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, 10 said hub being engaged with said syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said - j _ 5 needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) a spring positioned between said hollow member and said hub; e) at least one supporting member connected with said 20 hollow member, said supporting member including a rearward extending portion adapted to engage said hub; f) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, against tension from said spring, so that after said hollow member is released 25 by said securement means, said hollow member will move forward along said needle, by force of said spring, and at least partially cover said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said rearward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hub to support said hollow member against 30 movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 30. The combination of claim 29, wherein said releasable securement means includes: 35 a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 31. The combination of claim 29, wherein two supporting members extend rearward from said hollow member. 32. The combination of claim 29, wherein said support means is provided by the end or ends of said one or more supporting members adapted to push against the frontal surface of said hub. 33. The combination of claim 32, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 34. The combination of claim 32, wherein said rearward extending portion of said one or more supporting members curve inward, toward the axial center of said hypodermic needle, as said one or more supporting members extend rearward away from said hollow member. 35. The combination of claim 34, wherein said one or more supporting members and said hollow member are plastic and are formed together as a single piece in a plastic injection mold without a slide. 36. The combination of claim 29, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or depression in said hub. 37. The combination of claim 36, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 38. In combination with a syringe, a safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engaged with said syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) at least one supporting member connected with said hollow member, said supporting member including a rearward extending portion adapted to engage said hub; e) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, so that after said hollow member is released by said securement means, said hollow member may be moved forward, along said needle, to a position at least partially covering said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said rearward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hub to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 10 39. The combination of claim 38, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a , 5 rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub 20 by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 40. The combination of claim 38, wherein two supporting members extend rearward from said hollow member. 25 41. The combination of claim 38, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting meinbers positioned in a groove or depression in said hub. 30 42. The combination of claim 41, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said rearward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a rear surface of said hub to hold said hollow member away from 35 the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending rearward from said hub, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said supporting member can be released from said hub by turning said supporting member relative to said hub. 43. In combination with a syringe, a safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engaged with said syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) a spring positioned between said hollow member and said hub; e) at least one supporting member connected with said hub, said supporting member including a forward extending portion adapted to engage said hollow member; f) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, against tension from said spring, so that after said hollow member is released be said securement means, said hollow member will move forward along said needle, by force of said spring, and at least partially cover said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said forward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hollow member to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 44. The combination of claim 43, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 45. The combination of claim 43, wherein two supporting members extend forward from said hub. 46. The combination of claim 43, wherein said support means is provided by the end or ends of said one or more supporting members being adapted to push against a rear surface of said hollow member. 47. The combination of claim 46, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 48. The combination of claim 46, wherein said forward extending portion of said one or more supporting members curve inward, toward the axial center of said hypodermic needle, as said one or more supporting members extend forward away from said hub. 49. The combination of claim 48, wherein said one or more supporting members and said hub are plastic and are formed together as a single piece in a plastic injection mold without a slide. 50. The combination of claim 43, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or 0 depression in said hollow member. 51. The combination of claim 50, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of 5 said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow 0 member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 5 52. In combination with a syringe, a safety hypodermic needle comprising: a) a needle provided with a passageway there through for the transmission of fluids, said needle being sharpened at its distal end to form a piercing end; Q b) a hub connected with the proximal end of said needle, said hub being engaged with said syringe so that fluid may be transmitted between said syringe and said needle, passing through said needle; c) a hollow member including a hole or a groove therein, 5 said hollow member being positioned over a portion of said needle so that said needle passes into or through said hole or said groove; d) at least one supporting member connected with said hub, said supporting member including a forward extending portion adapted to engage said hollow member; e) a releasable securement means for holding said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle, so that after said hollow member is released by said securement means, said hollow member may be moved forward, along said needle, to a position at least partially covering said piercing end of said needle, with means provided for said forward extending portion of said supporting member to engage said hollow member to support said hollow member against movement back toward said hub that would reexpose said piercing end of said needle. 53. The combination of claim 52, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member. 54. The combination of claim 52, wherein two supporting members extend forward from said hub. 55. The combination of claim 52, wherein said support means is provided by a protrusion at or near the end of said one or more supporting members positioned in a groove or depression in said hollow member. 56. The combination of claim 55, wherein said releasable securement means includes: a) a ledge located on said forward extending portion of said supporting member, said ledge being engagable with a front surface of said hollow member to hold said hollow member away from the piercing end of said needle; b) at least one releasor extending forward from said hollow member, said releasor being engagable with said supporting member so that said hollow member can be released from said supporting member by turning said hollow member relative to said supporting member.

Inventors: POULSEN THOMAS EDWARD, POULSEN, THOMAS, EDWARD
Applicants: POULSEN THOMAS EDWARD, POULSEN, THOMAS, EDWARD
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61M5
IPC codes: A61M5