GAS TURBINE PLANT WITH ADDITIONAL COMPRESSOR

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for supplying additional air to a combustor in a gas turbine plant with the aid of an additional compressor for additional air, which entails compressing air in the additional compressor and supplying the air to the combustor by passing the compressed air wholly or partially past the ordinary compressor which delivers air to the combustor for pressurizing the combustor and for maintenance of a combustion in the combustor.

Description: Gas turbine plant with additional compressor TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gas turbine plant comprising a compressor, a gas turbine and a pressurized combustor. BACKGROUND ART In a gas turbine plant in which pressurized combustion takes place in a combustor, combustion gases are generated which drive a gas turbine. This gas turbine, in turn, drives a compressor which compresses air for pressurizing the combus- tor. The compressed air is at the same time utilized as com¬ bustion air during the combustion. Usually the gas turbine is divided into a high-pressure and a low-pressure turbine. With such a division of the gas turbine, the low-pressure turbine can then, on a separate first shaft, drive a low- pressure compressor for compression of the air in a first stage. The high-pressure turbine then drives, via a second separate shaft, a high-pressure compressor in which air is compressed in a second stage before the air is supplied to the combustor. Between the low-pressure and high-pressure compressors a cooler may be provided for cooling the air after the first stage in the compression. The fuel which is supplied to the combustor consists of gaseous, liquid or solid fuels, for example natural gas, oil or coal, in dependence on the nature of the plant. A PFBC power plant is an example of a plant comprising a gas tur¬ bine cycle according to the configuration described above in which a solid fuel, usually pulverized coal, is burnt in a fluidized bed in the combustor. In a gas turbine plant, an electric generator for generating useful energy is usually connected to the high-pressure tur¬ bine by way of a gear. Upon start-up of the plant, it is possible to utilize the generator as electric motor to run up the compressor and hence pressurize the combustor. When designing a gas turbine plant, the gas turbine and compressor sizes are chosen on the basis of power levels available on the market. This creates a number of different problems which the plant designer has to solve. Some of the problems arising will be described here. An optimum choice of compressor size to achieve the intended air flow with respect to adaptation to other components in the plant is rendered difficult. When designing the plant, a compressor size is usually chosen which provides optimal air flow at a low exterior air temperature known to the site of the plant. On the other • hand, when higher temperatures prevail at the site, the density of the air will be lower, whereby the air flow through the compressor is reduced. A small incorrect dimensioning of the chosen capacity of the compressor cannot be compensated for afterwards by simple means. As the ordinary compressor ages, the capacity thereof is reduced, which means that the originally calculated flows no longer correspond to the reality, which cannot be compensated for. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method and a device for supplying additional air to a combustor in a gas turbine plant with the aid of an additional compressor for additional air, which means that air is compressed in the additional com¬ pressor and supplied to the combustor by passing the com¬ pressed air wholly or partially past the ordinary compressor which delivers air to the compressor for pressurizing the combustor and for maintenance of a combustion in the com¬ bustor. The additional compressor is driven by the gas turbine. If the latter is divided into a high-pressure and a low- pressure turbine, the additional compressor is suitably driven by the high-pressure turbine. The operation of the additional compressor can be performed via a gear or by mounting it on the same shaft as the turbine. Another alternative mode of operation is to mount the additional compressor on the same shaft as the generator via a clutch. A still further variant for operation of the additional compressor is to provide it with its own electric motor. By distributing additional air to the combustor, the possi¬ bility of adaptation to other components in the plant and to the necessary air flow, caused by these components, to the combustion process in the combustor is improved. A possi¬ bility is also provided of compensating for the power reduc- tion in the plant caused by the reduced air flow to the combustor at higher exterior air temperatures. Further advantages are that possibilities are created for readjust¬ ment of the air flow capacity for the compressors, which is the case, for example, when the ordinary compressor is incorrectly dimensioned or when a reduction of the air flow occurs because of changes in the ordinary compressor caused by, for example, the ageing of the compressor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures la-lc schematically illustrates a number of general variants of a gas turbine plant wherein additional air is supplied to a combustor from an additional compressor. Figure 2 shows the supply of additional air from an addi¬ tional compressor to a combustor in a gas turbine plant, in which the gas turbine and the compressor are divided into high-pressure and low-pressure units. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS With reference to the accompanying drawings, a number of embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the figures, which schematically illustrate different variants of a gas turbine plane, BK designates a combustor in which a fuel is fired under high pressure. The high pressure is accomplished by means of a compressor C, which compresses air which is supplied to the combustor BK via an intercept and bypass valve V. Air to the compressor is admitted via the air conduit 8. The combustion gases which are generated in the combustor BK are passed via the inter¬ cept and bypass valve V to a gas turbine GT to utilize the energy in the combustion gases, whereupon the consumed waste gases are removed via a waste gas conduit 10. The gas tur¬ bine GT is mounted on the same shaft A as the compressor C and thus drives the compressor. On the same shaft A on which the compressor C and the gas turbine GT are mounted, also a gear 12 is arranged. Via this gear 12 the gas turbine GT also drives a generator G for conversion of energy utilized in the gas turbine plant to electrical energy. The intercept and bypass valve V comprises, besides cut-off valves for compressor air to the combustor BK, and cut-off valves for supply of combustion gases to the gas turbine GT, also a bypass conduit with a cut-off valve to provide a possibility of short-circuiting the compressor C and the gas turbine GT. The invention relates to a method and a device for supplying the combustor BK with additional air by means of an addi¬ tional compressor AC. Air to the additional compressor AC is sucked in via a second air intake 14 and is supplied to the combustor BK. The supply of the additional air to the com¬ bustor BK can be arranged in several different ways. The additional air can be passed via a conduit 16, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, to the intercept valve V in the same way as the air from the ordinary compressor C, whereupon the addi¬ tional air is passed to the combustor BK. Figure la also shows a variant in which the additional air via a conduit 18 is injected into the ordinary compressor C at an injection hole 20 in the compressor C downstream of the air conduit 8, whereby the additional air is further compressed in the com- pressor C. The additional compressor AC is driven by the gas turbine GT via the gear 12. As an alternative, the additional compres¬ sor AC can be driven by the gas turbine GT via the generator shaft, whereby the additional compressor AC is mounted via a clutch or a gear 22 to the generator shaft according to Figure lb. In a still further alternative mode of operation, the additional compressor AC can be driven via a separate electric motor M connected to the additional compressor AC, as shown in Figure lc. In a preferred embodiment, both the gas turbine GT and the compressor C are divided into several stages according to Figure 2. In other respects, the embodiment corresponds to the more general connection according to Figures la-lc. In the embodiment according to Figure 2, the combustion gases from the combustor BK drive a high-pressure turbine HPT, which is mounted together with a high-pressure compressor HPC on a first shaft Al. The gases expanded in the high- pressure turbine HPT are passed on to a low-pressure turbine LPT, from which the waste gases from the plant are removed via a waste gas conduit 10. On the same shaft, a second shaft A2, as the low-pressure turbine LPT is mounted on, also a low-pressure compressor LPC is arranged. To this low- pressure compressor, air is passed via the air conduit 8, whereafter the air, after compression in the low-pressure compressor LPC, is passed to the high-pressure compressor HPC, where the air is compressed further before it is supplied to the combustor BK via the intercept valve V. After compression of the air in the low-pressure compressor LPC, the air may be cooled in an intermediate cooler IC before being supplied to the high-pressure compressor HPC. The first shaft Al drives the generator G, via a gear 12, for generating electrical energy. According to the invention, air is compressed in an addi- tional compressor AC and supplied to the combustor BK together with the air compressed in the high-pressure com¬ pressor HPC. Air to the additional compressor AC is taken in via the air intake 14 and passed to the intercept valve V to the same inlet of the valve V through which the compressed air from the high-pressure compressor HPC is fed in. In alternative embodiments of the plant according to Figure 2, the compressed air is passed from the additional compressor AC to the inlet of the high-pressure compressor HPC down¬ stream of the intermediate cooler IC via the conduit altl, or upstream of the intermediate cooler IC via the conduit alt2 in dependence on the type of high-pressure compressor and adaptation thereto and to optimize the performance. The generator G in the preferred embodiment according to Figure 2 is driven according to any of the alternative modes of operation given above; for example, the additional compres¬ sor is arranged on an auxiliary shaft A3 connected to the gear 12, whereby the high-pressure turbine HPT drives the additional compressor AC via the gear 12. Direct operation of the additional compressor AC by mounting the additional compressor AC on the same shaft as the shaft of the high- pressure turbine HPT, that is on the first shaft Al, consti¬ tutes another alternative for operation. The size of the additional compressor is small relative to the high-pressure compressor HPC normally existing in a gas turbine plant of the kind discussed. As a suggestion, the air flow of the additional compressor AC is chosen to be 10% of the air flow of the high-pressure compressor HPC, a value which is in no way critical for the invention.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method of supplying additional air to a pressurized combustor (BK) in a gas turbine plant which, for pressuriza- tion of the combustor (BK) , comprises a compressor (C) driven by a gas turbine (GT) , which in turn is driven by gases generated during combustion of a fuel in the combustor (BK) , characterized in that air is compressed in an addi¬ tional compressor (AC) and supplied to the combustor by wholly or partially bypassing the compressor (C) . 2. A method according to claim 1 in a gas turbine plant, wherein the compressor (C) is divided into a high-pressure compressor (HPC) and a low-pressure compressor (LPC) and the gas turbine (GT) divided into a high-pressure turbine (HPT) and a low-pressure turbine (LPT) , characterized in that the air which is compressed in the additional compressor (AC) is supplied to the combustor downstream of or upstream of the high-pressure compressor (HPC) . 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the air which is compressed in the additional compressor (AC) , when being supplied to the combustor upstream of the high-pressure compressor (HPC) , is connected downstream or upstream of an intermediate cooler (IC) arranged between the high-pressure compressor (HPC) and the low-pressure compressor (LPC) . 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional compressor (AC) is driven by the gas turbine (GT) by connecting the additional compressor (AC) to the gas turbine shaft (A, Al) directly or via a gear (12), or via the same shaft to which a generator (G) is connected via the gear (12) to the gas turbine shaft (A, Al), or driven by a separate electric motor (M) . 5. A device for carrying out the method of supplying additional air to a pressurized combustor (BK) in a gas turbine plant which, for pressurization of the combustor (BK) , comprises a compressor (C) driven by a gas turbine (GT) , which in turn is driven by gases generated during combustion of a fuel in the combustor (BK) , characterized in that an additional compressor (AC) is adapted to supply additional air to the combustor (BK) as a complement to the compressed air which is supplied to the combustor (BK) from the compressor (C) . 6. A device according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional compressor (AC) is adapted to be driven by the gas turbine (GT) or the high-pressure turbine (HPT) or by a separate electric motor (M) . 7. A device according to claim 5, characterized in that the compressed additional air is supplied to the combustor (BK) by feeding in the additional air downstream of the compressor (C) or downstream of the high-pressure compressor (HPC) , or is supplied to the combustor (BK) by injection into the compressor (C) or upstream of the high-pressure compressor (HPC) . 8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that when a connection for additional air is arranged to the high-pressure compressor (HPC) upstream thereof, additional air is injected downstream or upstream of an intermediate cooler (IC) arranged between the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor.

Inventors: SKOG AGNAR, SKOG, AGNAR
Applicants: ABB CARBON AB, SKOG AGNAR
Application year: 1993
Main classification: F02C9
IPC codes: F02C3, F02C9