Ink-jet printer, electronic apparatus including it and method for controlling them

Abstract: An ink-jet printer having an on-demand type ink-jet head (2) equipped with plural nozzles that eject ink droplets in response to pressure pulses generated by corresponding pressure generating elements and an electronic apparatus including the printer are disclosed to have timer means (34) that measures a prescribed time period, and recovery processing means (40) which performs recovery processing of said nozzles by causing ink ejection from the nozzles, wherein said recovery processing means (40) executes recovery processing at prescribed time intervals during non-operation of the ink-jet head based on said timer means 4. Also, said recovery processing means (40) performs initial recovery processing when the power supply is switched on. Further, an automatic power cut-off means operates when the number of consecutive recovery processes according to said timer means reaches a prescribed number.

Description: The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus including an on-demand type ink-jet printer, and to the control method for the electronic apparatus. Many ink-jet printers have been proposed in the prior art because of such advantages as low noise during printing, a compact, lightweight device, and low power consumption. However, when these ink-jet printers are left in a non-operation condition for a long time, the viscosity of the ink in the nozzles increases, thus causing poor ejection of ink when printing is started again. For instance, the amount of ink that is ejected may be less than normal, thus causing dots of differing diameters in printing and degrading print quality. Examples in the prior art intended to solve these ink-jet printer problems are disclosed in the documents JP-B-61-56109 and JP-B-3-59832. In both cases the next printing operation is prepared for by detecting a prescribed non-operation time or the time period no ink was ejected from the ink-jet head and performing extra ejection of ink, blank ejection or other type of recovery. However, in these prior art examples, printing had to be interrupted or recovery processing performed immediately before printing, which would lengthen printing times and effectively slow down printing speed. Also, if the user forgot to switch off the power or non-operation time became extended due to non-use, the amount of ink consumed for recovery processing would unavoidably increase, which was also accompanied by an increase in power consumption, thus offering poor efficiency. Further, in the latter prior art, even if the ink-jet head remains unused for more than a prescribed non-operation time the recovery processing is not performed until just before printing. In other words there is no recovery as long as there is no printing command. Since a very long time can possibly pass until printing is to be started, the nozzles of the ink-jet head may become clogged to an extent that they can no longer be recovered by the recovery process of this prior art which is independent from the actual non-operation time that has passed since the last use of the nozzles. As explained here, the prior art still presents problems in satisfying the demand for high speed, high efficiency and high reliability in ink-jet printers. The document US-A-4,967,204 discloses an ink-jet recording apparatus according to the pre-characterizing portion of claim 1. In this prior art recovery processing is performed at first predetermined time intervals during non-use of the print head. If a second predetermined time interval has passed after the last print action, the power to the apparatus is switched off. An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic apparatus having a highly reliable ink-jet printer that offer a long life of the ink-jet head, efficiency and reliability, and consistent ink ejection without slowing the effective printing speed. Another object of the present invention is to avoid, in such apparatus, unnecessary ink ejection and power consumption during an extended period of non-use. Still another of the present invention is to provide a control method for controlling the electronic apparatus and printer. The above objects are achieved with an electronic apparatus including an ink-jet printer and a control method, respectively, as claimed. In an electronic apparatus including an ink-jet printer and having in addition to a power switch a print selector switch allowing to select or deselect use of the printer, a recovery process is performed upon switching on of the print selector switch when a predetermined time has passed since the initial recovery process. The initial recovery process may be performed immediately upon switching on of the power supply for the printer or electronic apparatus including it since there is often a strong likelihood that the ink-jet head has not been used for a long time when the power supply is switched on. In addition in one embodiment of the invention an on-demand type ink-jet printer is equipped with a timer means that measures a prescribed time period and a recovery processing means that performs a process to recover the nozzles of the ink-jet head by ejecting ink from essentially all of the nozzles used in printing. The recovery processing means is controlled to execute the recovery process at prescribed intervals based on the time period measured by the timer means during non-operation of the ink-jet head. By means of the invention, ink whose viscosity has increased due to evaporation or chemical change of the ink solvent, etc., within a fixed period is ejected from the ink-jet head by the recovery process performed. Thereby the viscosity or concentration of the ink in the nozzles is maintained constant and the printer always kept in a readiness condition. Upon receiving a print command printing can be started without delay and the amount or speed of the ink ejection from the nozzles and the reflectivity of the ink on the recording medium remain consistent. Therefore, reliable, consistent ink ejection can be achieved during printing, thus making print quality consistent and facilitating highly reliable printing. Also, since recovery is performed while printing is not being performed, recovery need not be performed immediately before a print instruction or during a printing operation, thus shortening the time required for printing and increasing the effective printing speed. According to another aspect of the invention an ink-jet printer or an electronic apparatus including it has power supply control means that cuts off the power supply when it is detected that at least the ink-jet head of the printer has not been used for more than a predetermined length of time as measured by timer means. This is especially useful in combination with the above regularly performed recovery process. When the device is left unused for long periods, the power is cut off, whereby power and the use of ink for the aforementioned recovery process and unrelated to printing are conserved, and since a recovery process is performed when the power supply is subsequently switched on, consistent ink ejection, which is required for high quality printing, is achieved while also conserving power and ink, thus offering high efficiency. Specific embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an ink-jet printer to which the invention may be applied, FIG. 2 is an external view of an electronic desk calculator including an ink-jet printer according to the invention, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a calculator including an ink-jet printer, as an example of the electronic apparatus according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a functional diagram according to an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the required minimum number of ink ejections for recovery of the ink-jet head and the non-printing time, FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a conventional control method of an ink-jet printer, FIG. 7 is a timing chart for explaining the control method of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the control method of the calculator and printer according to the invention, FIG. 9 is a timing chart for explaining the control method of FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the electronic apparatus according to the invention, FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the control method of the electronic apparatus of in FIG. 10, FIG. 12 is a timing chart for explaining the control method of FIG. 11, FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a desk calculator according to another embodiment of the electronic apparatus of the invention, FIG. 14 is a generalized diagram of an embodiment of a power supply controller used in an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the control method of the desk calculator of FIG. 13, FIG. 16 is a flowchart of yet another embodiment of the electronic apparatus and control method of the invention, and FIG. 17 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 16. Before explaining the present invention in detail, a specific embodiment of an ink-jet printer and of an electronic apparatus using the printer, respectively, will be described briefly. Throughout the figures the same reference signs are used to designate same or similar elements. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an ink-jet printer 1 to which the invention may be applied. In the figure, 2 is an ink-jet head, 3 is a carriage on which the ink-jet head is mounted, 4 is a carriage shaft that slidably supports the carriage for movement back and forth along printing paper 5, 6 is an FPC (flexible printed circuit) for carrying drive signals to ink-jet head 2, 7 is a paper guide for guiding paper 5, 8 is a frame that supports the entire printer mechanism, 9 is a lead wire and connector for inputting drive signals to a drive motor (not shown), 10 is a motor gear for transmitting the rotation of the drive motor, 11 is a timing belt which engages carriage 3 and meshes with motor gear 10 to drive carriage 3, and 12a and 12b are pulleys that guide timing belt 11. Carriage 3 and ink-jet head 2 mounted thereon are driven by the drive motor via timing belt 11 to scan paper 5 in the line direction. The printing is performed by selectively driving pressure generating elements of the ink-jet head 2 to eject ink droplets from desired nozzles and form dots on paper 5 as is well known in the art. Ink droplets are ejected on demand in response to drive signals input via FPC 6. For feeding the paper, means are provided that do not form part of the invention and, therefore, will not be described in further detail here. In the figure, 13 is an ink holder and 14 is an ink absorber which is housed in ink holder 13 and is made from foam rubber or other porous material. Ink holder 13 is mounted to the frame 8 such that ink will not leak outside the printer even if ink absorber 14 is fully soaked with ink. In the recovery process explained in detail later, carriage 3 is moved by the drive motor via timing belt 11 to where the nozzles on ink-jet head 2 are positioned opposite the ink holder 13. Ink ejected by the recovery process is absorbed and retained by ink absorber 14. As an example of an electronic apparatus including the ink-jet printer, a type of electronic desk calculator is shown in FIG. 2. In the figure, 21 is the calculator case, 22 is a power switch, 23 is a keyboard, 24 is a print selector switch which selects use of the printer, 25 is a display device, for instance a type of liquid crystal display panel, and 26 is a power plug for connecting the apparatus to an AC power supply. Even if power switch 22 is on, printing is not executed unless the print selector switch 24 is on. In this case, the calculation results, etc., are only displayed on the display device 25. In the embodiment shown the calculator is powered by an AC power supply via a DC regulator (not shown) connected thereto. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, a battery (rechargeable or non-rechargeable) may be used for power supply instead of an AC power supply in this and the following embodiments. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the electronic system of the calculator. In the figure, 31 is a central processing unit (CPU) which controls the entire calculator, 32 is a RAM where data being processed are temporarily stored, 33 is a ROM where a program, a prescribed time period to be counted by a timer and other predetermined values are stored, 34 is a timer used for measuring time, 23 is a keyboard for inputting data, 1 is the printer, 36 is a printer driver unit that drives printer 1, 25 is the display device for displaying calculation results etc., and 37 is a display driver unit that drives display device 25. Print selector switch 24 is disposed in the keyboard. Timer 34 allows CPU 31 to measure a prescribed time and is mainly used in time management to prevent clogging of the ink-jet head of the printer. CPU 31 processes input from the keyboard, etc., according to the routines of the program stored in ROM 33 and transfers data output to printer 1 via printer driver unit 36 as required. Printer 1 is driven and controlled by printer driver unit 36. The data input from keyboard 23 may be temporarily stored in a keyboard buffer or other memory. Generally, a programmable timer is used for timer 34, in which the prescribed time is set by CPU 31, and it either measures the prescribed time for instance based on the charge or discharge time of a condenser or counts a prescribed number of clock pulses. Timer 34 is reset by an initialization signal from CPU 31 and starts measuring time, and at time-up after the prescribed time has been measured, it is normally reset and starts counting again. Timer 34 may be built into CPU 31 or it may be externally attached as a peripheral IC. Further, a re-triggerable timer capable of restarting counting when it has been reset during counting is desirable. Having thus described the basic construction of an ink-jet printer and a calculator using it, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be explained using the described printer and the calculator merely as examples of an apparatus embodying the invention. FIG. 4 is a function diagram corresponding to one embodiment of the invention. In the figure, 22 is the power switch. 2 is the ink-jet head. 16 is the drive motor whose function is to move the ink-jet head and to move the paper or other printing medium. Ink-jet head 2 and drive motor 16 are the principal components that make up printer 1. Timer means 34 measures time periods. Recovery processing means 40 controls recovery processing. Print and operation control means 41 controls printing (if print selector switch 24 is on), receives key input from keyboard 23, executes operations upon input from keyboard 23 and executes control to display the calculation process, calculation results, etc., on display means 25. It also outputs the initialization signal for initializing timer means 34. When print selector switch 24 in the keyboard is on, a print control signal from print and operation control means 41 executes printing control by controlling ink-jet head 2 and drive motor 16. 32' in FIG. 4 is a memory means that may be part of the RAM 32. In this embodiment the recovery process is performed on a regular basis at predetermined time intervals as long as the printer is not used for printing. The timer 34 is used for measuring the predetermined time interval and it is reset at the time of recovery processing. The timer information is transferred to recovery processing means 40. Recovery processing means 40 performs recovery processing by controlling ink-jet head 2 and drive motor 16 by means of a recovery control signal based on the timer information. Since recovery processing is generally executed by moving the carriage to where the ink absorber 14 is, the drive motor must be controlled. However, instead of providing an ink absorber 14 as explained above, it is possible to eject the ink during a recovery process onto the recording paper and then to feed the paper. In such case the drive motor 16 need not be controlled since the ink ejected for recovery will not be mixed with the printing results. Recovery is performed to remove ink in the nozzles of the ink-jet head whose viscosity has increased, or other bad ink that may cause poor ink ejection, and it ejects ink a prescribed number of times from essentially all of the nozzles by driving the pressure generating elements corresponding to those nozzles. In case an ink-jet head has nozzles which are not used for printing, such nozzles need of course not be recovered if the intended functioning of the head is not affected when such nozzles become clogged. The relationship between the chemical characteristics of the ink used in the ink-jet printer and the recovery of the ink-jet head has been investigated and the result of the investigations will be explained with reference to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the required minimum number of ejections, i.e. the number of successive ink ejections from each nozzle necessary for recovering a nozzle (vertical axis) and the non-printing time, i.e the time period during which no printing is performed (horizontal axis). The ink normally used has as its main components ethylene glycol, water and dye, and because it contains ethylene glycol, the lower the temperature becomes, the more viscous the ink becomes, and because the water or other solvent evaporates, the ink becomes more viscous the longer it is left. This is explained in detail below. As shown in the figure, the non-printing time and the minimum number of ink ejections demonstrate a roughly proportional relationship over a short time period (e.g., less than six hours) beyond which the minimum number of ink ejections remains substantially constant. As long as the non-printing time does not exceed this short time period, the shorter the non-printing time is, the smaller the number of successive ink ejections necessary to recover the ink-jet head. This proportional relationship is determined by the physical and chemical characteristics of the ink-jet head and the ink used, respectively, and also by such environmental conditions as temperature and humidity. The relationship between the non-printing time and the necessary number of ink ejections when the temperature is low and the humidity is low (5° C and 35%) is indicated by single-dash line 70 in the figure, that at room temperature and medium humidity (25° C and 60%) by solid line 71 and that when both temperature and humidity are high (40°C and 95%) by double-dash line 72. The cause of the above characteristics of the relationship is conjectured as below. That is, the speed of the ink becoming viscous because of evaporation of solvent depends on the relative humidity of the environment, as the humidity is lower the speed is higher. On the other hand, the amount of ink ejected by once actuating the pressure generating elements of the ink-jet head (one ejection) depends on the temperature of the ink-jet head, as the temperature is lower the amount is fewer. Therefore, from the point of view of safety side, the recovery process is preferably controlled based on the characteristic line 70 for low temperature and low humidity as standard. The number of ink ejections after long non-printing periods (e.g., more than six hours) is relatively large, i.e., 100 or 200, and, as mentioned before, is roughly fixed irrespective of the time the ink-jet head was left unused. This is because when left unused for six hours or more, nearly all of the ink in the pathways in the ink-jet head need be ejected and replaced with new ink, in which case the number of successive ejections required for full recovery is determined by the volume of the ink in the pathways of the ink-jet head (determined once by the ink-jet head and remains constant) rather than the time required for the viscosity of the ink in the nozzles to increase. Therefore, if during a recovery process more ink is ejected than corresponds to the above minimum number of ejections , then consistently good, reliable ink ejection and high printing quality can be achieved. Actually, the ink begins to harden gradually after six hours due to drying, etc., and if left for a long period of several months, recovery as understood above, namely by driving the pressure generating elements of the ink-jet head to eject bad ink will no longer be possible. In such case "recovery" must be performed by some physical method. To prevent this to become necessary, the ink-jet head is made removable and is stored in an air-tight container when not used for a long period, or a capping mechanism for the head is attached to the printer. It is possible to use a configuration where such capping mechanism for covering the nozzles is disposed next to ink holder 13. In such a case the ink-jet head should be moved to a position opposite to the capping mechanism prior to any long-term non-use. It should be noted that FIG. 5 is based on experimental data and so the quantitative aspect of the relationship shown in FIG. 5 is only true for the conditions (mainly type of ink and structure of ink-jet head) used in obtaining the data whereas the qualitative aspect applies in general. Making use of the relationship shown in FIG. 5 allows to take full advantage of the ink characteristics and, thus, optimize the recovery process. Based on FIG. 5, if the number of ink ejections during a recovery process is given, the maximum allowable non-printing time still permitting recovery by the pressure generating means can be determined. That is, assuming the number of ink ejections is selected to be 10, then the maximum non-printing time is approximately 30 minutes. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a control method of the ink-jet printer. In this embodiment it is assumed that there is no print selector switch 24. In the figure, (a) indicates the main routine and (b) indicates a recovery sub-routine. First, in step S0, the circuit, the printer mechanism, etc., are initialized. Timer 34 is reset at the same time and begins measuring time. In step S1, an initial recovery process is performed immediately after the power supply is switched on by executing steps SS1 to SS3 of the recovery sub-routine (b). In step SS1, the carriage 3 on which the ink-jet head 2 is mounted is moved from the standby position to the ink holder 13 that houses the ink absorber 14. Next, nozzle recovery is performed in step SS2. Normally, 10 to 200 ejections are performed per nozzle to eject the bad ink. The number of ejections performed in recovery depends on the maximum non-printing time set on timer 34 as explained above. However, since there is often a strong likelihood that the head has not been used for a long time when the power supply is switched on, 160 to 200 ink ejections are executed in initial recovery after power-on. This is the maximum number capable of recovering the head by this recovery process. At the end of the recovery sub-routine, the carriage is returned to the standby position in step SS3, thus completing the series of recovery operations. Upon completion of the recovery process, timer 34 begins measuring the prescribed time which is the maximum allowable non-printing time selected based on the relationship explained with regard to FIG. 5. In step S2, it is judged whether or not the time-up signal has been generated in order to judge whether the timer has measured the prescribed time, i. e. whether the prescribed time has elapsed since the last recovery or the last printing. When the time-up signal has been generated, processing proceeds to step S7 where the recovery sub-routine is performed, and then processing proceeds to step S3. If there is no time-up signal in step S2, then processing proceeds to step S3. In step S3, it judged whether or not printing is performed. If printing is not performed, then processing returns to step S2. If printing is performed, then timer 34 is reset in step S4. In step S5, printing is executed, the carriage is returned to the standby position in step S6 and it is judged whether or not printing is to be continued in step S8, after which processing returns to step S2 if printing is to be continued. If not, then printing is terminated. By means of this embodiment of the invention, nozzle recovery by the initial recovery process is performed immediately after the power supply is switched on, after which the recovery process is performed at prescribed time intervals if printing is not performed. Since the initial recovery process is executed once when the power supply is switched on, the number of ink ejections during each subsequent recovery can be kept to a small number and completed in a very short period, thus keeping any waiting time short before actually using the printer. If the number of ink ejections performed for initial recovery when the power supply is switched on, is set as described above, recovery can be reliably performed at the time of power-on regardless of the time the printer had been left unused, thus making it possible to consistently achieve good printing quality. FIG. 7 is a timing chart that examplifies the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 6. In the figure, 40a indicates the power supply condition and 40b indicates the count condition of the timer. Single-dash line 40f in the figure indicates the time-up value of timer signal 40b which represents the prescribed time period or maximum non-printing time measured by the timer. Every time the timer signal 40b reaches the time-up value a time-up signal c41 - c45 is produced. When the prescribed time period represented by time-up value 40f in the figure is short, more energy for the motor to drive the carriage than necessary is consumed since the recovery process is performed at short intervals. When the prescribed time period is too long, the first dot at printing can become small in size and unclear in looking if printing is started shortly before the timer indicates time-up to perform the next recovery process. Therefore the prescribed time period is normally set within the time required for the ink in the nozzles of the ink-jet head to become viscous to a degree that will still allow recovery by a normal printing operation and not to deteriorate the quality of the printing result so much. In a practical implementation of this embodiment good results were achieved with a prescribed time period of 15 minutes (the same is true for the embodiments of the invention described later). However, it will be understood that the value of the prescribed time period has to be selected dependent on the characteristics of the ink and the structure of the ink-jet head as the main factors. Thus, depending on those and other factors the prescribed time period until time-up may be from 5 minutes to 30 minutes or even more, and the number of ink ejections per nozzle is from 3 to 10 or more. In the figure, 40d indicates the printing signal and 40e the recovery signal. After powering on at a41, the initial recovery process e41 is executed. After that, since there is no printing signal 40d and printing is not performed within the prescribed time period, time-up signal 40c generates time-up c41 and recovery process e42 is executed. Printing d41 is performed immediately after that, and the timer is reset by the printing signal at the beginning of printing. Since in this example there is no printing signal 40d for a long period following this, recovery processes e43, e44, e45 are executed in response to time-ups c42, c43, c44. Resetting of the timer by the printing signal may be performed by a signal generated at the start of printing a series of data or it may be a signal generated once per line. It may also be a printing termination signal at the completion of printing. Any of these alternatives may be selected as desired by processing by the CPU. The above embodiment uses a signal at the beginning of printing a series of data. In an electronic apparatus like the calculator shown in FIG. 2 which has a print selector switch 24, there is often a strong likelihood that the printer has not been used for a long time when the print selector switch in the keyboard comes on. In such cases it is, therefore, preferable to perform the recovery process when the print selector switch is switched on. If provision is made for an initial recovery process upon power-on as in the foregoing embodiment, then the condition of timer 34 can be checked at this time and the recovery process can be executed when it is judged that the prescribed time period has elapsed since the initial recovery process. FIG. 8 is the flow-chart of an embodiment of the control method according to the invention for the calculator described above. First, in step S10, the printer, memory, etc., are initialized immediately after powering on. Next, in step S11, the initial power-on recovery process is performed. This recovery process comprises steps SS1 to SS3 of the recovery sub-routine shown in FIG. 6. Upon completion of the recovery process, timer 34 is reset in step S12 and begins measuring the prescribed time period. This measurement of time is performed to judge the elapse of the required minimum time for recovery and to measure the elapsed time from that point. In step S13, it is detected whether or not the print selector switch 24 has come on, and if it is not on, then only key input detection (step S14) and the various operations of arithmetic processing and display (step S15) are executed. The timer 34 continues to measure time during this period, and when the prescribed time elapses, it indicates time-up and then measures the subsequent elapsed time. When the print selector switch 24 is on in step S13 processing proceeds to step S16 and the count-up of the timer is confirmed to determine if more than the prescribed time from the initial power-on recovery process has elapsed. If the timer indicates time-up, then the recovery process in step S17 is performed and the timer is reset and begins measuring the prescribed time. In addition to the time-up, the elapsed time between the initial power-on recovery and the present time is detected to control the number of ink ejections in the recovery process based on the total elapsed time. Corresponding data are stored in a table in ROM 33, and recovery processing means 40 sets the number of ejections based on these data. In step S19, key input is waited for, and when key input starts, then processing proceeds to step S21, but if there is no key input, then processing proceeds to confirmation of the print selector switch in step S20, and if it is on, then the same routine from S16 to S20 is repeated. The timer condition is confirmed in step S21 in sync with key input, and if the prescribed time has elapsed, then the recovery process and timer reset are executed in steps S28 and S29. If timer 34 does not indicate time-up, then processing proceeds to step S23, where it is determined if printing is being performed, and if it is, then the timer is reset in step S24 and display and arithmetic processing are executed in step S25. While this processing is being performed, key scan is also executed in step S22 and key input is enabled. If printing is not being performed, then the step that resets the timer is skipped and processing proceeds to step S25. In step S26, key input is terminated and it is determined if a print instruction has been generated, and if it has not been generated, then key scan in step S22 and the processing in steps S21 to S25 are executed. If a print instruction has been generated, then print processing is executed in step S27. FIG. 9 is a timing chart that examplifies the operation of the embodiment of the invention in FIG. 8. In the figure, 60a indicates the power supply condition, 60b indicates the print selector switch condition, and 60c indicates the timer condition, where the single-dash line in the figure indicates the time-up value representing the prescribed time period. Each time the timer has measured the prescribed time period (or counted a corresponding number of clock pulses) a time-up signal 60d is generated. 60e is the timing for printing and 60f the recovery timing for recovery processing. As explained before, the prescribed time measured by the timer should neither be too short nor too long. Therefore the prescribed time period is normally set shorter than the time required for the ink in the nozzles of the ink-jet head to become viscous to a degree that will still allow recovery by a recovery process and longer than the normal operating time of the apparatus. In a practical example of this embodiment, the prescribed time until time-up was 15 minutes, and the number of ejections per nozzle 5. After powering on at a61, initial power-on recovery f61 is performed. Following this, time-up signal d61 is generated after the prescribed time has elapsed which is stored in memory. Since print selector switch on is executed after time-up d61, recovery process f62 is executed. Printing e61 is then immediately performed and time measurement is begun at nearly the instant printing is terminated. The signal generated at the time of carriage return is used to reset the timer in the above embodiment, and the timer is continuously reset every line during printing. In this case, a re-triggerable timer is used for the timer. At each time of the time-up signals d62, d63, d64, d65 a respective recovery process f63, f64, f65, f66 is performed. Since the ink in the nozzles increases in viscosity when printing is not performed for long periods, consistent ink ejection and superior printing quality can be achieved by performing a recovery process at each time-up as explained above. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the electronic apparatus of the invention and shows another configuration of timer means differing from that in FIG. 4. A clock 34a, which measures time (for instance the time of the day) has a display function and is powered by a battery 38 independent from the main power supply. Interval detection means 34b, which detects prescribed time intervals, is connected to this clock, and it detects 15-minute intervals, for example, and transmits a detection signal (corresponding to the time-up signal in the foregoing embodiments) each time the prescribed time interval has lapsed, to recovery processing means 40. This interval detection means can easily output a detection signal at prescribed intervals of 15 minutes by detecting the value of minute units of clock 34a. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the control method of the electronic apparatus in the embodiment in FIG. 10. After the print selector switch comes on in step S31, the interval detection means determines in step S32 whether the time has reached 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 00 minutes, etc., and if one of these prescribed times has been reached, then processing proceeds to step S34 where it is determined if printing is being performed. If printing is being performed, then processing proceeds to step S37 and then returns to step S32. If printing is not being performed, then a recovery process is performed in step S35. If the prescribed time has not been reached in step S32, then the normal processing of arithmetic operations, display, etc., is performed in step S33. Further, if the print selector switch is not on in step S31, then processing proceeds to step S36, where arithmetic operations are executed and displayed only but nor printed. FIG. 12 is a timing chart examplifying the operation of the control method of the flowchart in FIG. 11, where 80a indicates the condition of the power supply and 80b indicates the condition of the print selector switch. 80c indicates the output signal of the interval detection means 34b. T0 indicates the time interval detected and can be set as desired, but is 15 minutes, for example, in this embodiment. In the figure, 80d indicates the printing signal and 80e indicates the recovery signal. Recovery processes e81, e83, e84, e87 are executed in response to detection signals c81, c83, c84, c87, but no recovery process is not performed in response to detection signals e82, e85, e86 which overlap printing. FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the electronic desk calculator as an example of the electronic apparatus of the invention. The same numbers as in FIG. 3 indicate the same components and their explanation is omitted here. In the figure, 35 is a power supply controller, which is a component of the power supply control means, and 22' indicates the power switch. Power supply controller 35 is connected to CPU 31 and is configured such that it can switch the power supply for the entire electronic apparatus on and off (excluding the clock 34a if applied to the embodiment of FIG. 10) by a command from the CPU according to the condition of the electronic desk calculator. FIG. 14 is a generalized diagram of an embodiment of the power supply controller used in this embodiment of the invention, where 31 is the CPU, 123 is an I/O port connected to CPU 31, 124 is an interrupt terminal of CPU 31, 122 is a transistor for amplifying the signals of I/O port 123, and 120 is a power transistor that switches the supply of power V cc on and off. 22' is a switch that switches the power supply on and off and is a momentary switch whose contacts close only when it is depressed. When switch 22' becomes on, power transistor 120 becomes on and the CPU is reset. CPU 31 starts operating and switches on transistor 122 via I/O port 123, and even if switch 22' is switched off, the supply of power V cc is continued. When the CPU operates the auto-power off function, it switches off transistor 122 via I/O port 123, whereby the power transistor 120 becomes off and the supply of power is stopped. Normally when the power supply is switched off, the change in the condition of momentary switch 22' is detected via interrupt terminal 124 of CPU 31 when the switch comes on again and power transistor 120 is switched off via I/O port 123. FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the control method of the embodiment of the electronic desk calculator shown in FIG. 13. The power transistor is switched on at the same time the power switch 22' is switched on in step S40, whereby the power supply supplies power to the entire electronic apparatus. At this time, circuits, the printer mechanism, etc., are initialized and the timer is reset. Immediately following this, an initial recovery process is performed on the ink-jet head in step S41. In step S42, it is judged whether or not the timer has counted up a prescribed time period, and if it has not, then processing proceeds to step S43 where the processing of arithmetic operations on data input from the keyboard, display, etc., is executed. Nothing is processed when merely waiting for key input at this time and processing proceeds to the next step. Also, when processing is being executed, a flag indicating this is set and stored in the prescribed flag register. It is confirmed in step S44 whether or not a print instruction has been generated, and if a print instruction has been generated, printing is processed in step S45. If one has not been generated, then processing returns to step S42 and the same processing is repeated. After processing printing in step S45, the timer is reset in step S46 and a register where the number of time-ups of the timer is counted is reset in step S47. Processing then returns to step S42. If time is up in step S42, however, processing proceeds to step S51 where the timer is reset, and then in step S52 the number N of time-ups stored in the register is incremented by one. In step S53, the flag register is checked to determine if any processing has been performed, and if the arithmetic operation and display processing flag has been set, processing proceeds to steps S54 and S55 where the flag and the time-up register or counter are reset, then to step S56 where a recovery process is executed and then back to step S42. If the flag register is empty, it is judged in step S57 whether or not the number of time-ups has reached a preset number M, and if it has not, then processing proceeds to the recovery process in step S56. If the number M has been reached, then it means that no processing has been executed for a time period corresponding to the number of time-ups M times the prescribed time period, and in order to prevent wasteful ink consumption by the ink-jet head, processing proceeds to step S58 where power supply controller 35 is operated and automatically switches off the power. Before switching off the power supply, processing may be performed that stores data being processed in a non-volatile memory. By this means, the contents of the previous processing can be recovered when the power supply is switched on next time. By means of this embodiment of the invention, recovery processing is performed by ejecting ink at prescribed time intervals during non-use of the printer after the power supply has been switched on, and then if no printing nor other action is performed continuously for a prescribed length of time, the power supply is switched off. In the above embodiment, assuming the prescribed time to be 15 minutes as an example, if the setting M, which counts the number of time-ups, is 4, then a recovery process is executed if printing has not been performed for 15 minutes and if key input or other processing is not performed for 60 minutes, which is obtained by 15 minutes x 4 = 60 minutes, then the power supply is automatically cut off. By this means, when the calculator is left in an unused condition for a long period due to the inattention of the user or because it is not required, power and ink used in recovery can be conserved. Also, when the electronic apparatus is battery driven, the battery life can be lengthened by reducing the load on the battery. Further, since the timer used for the recovery process can be used to easily set the time until auto-power off, the electronic apparatus is simplified and can be applied to low-cost products such as desk calculators without raising their cost, thus making the invention extremely useful. As explained before, the prescribed time period should neither be too short nor too long, and therefore it is normally set shorter than the time required for the ink in the nozzles of the ink-jet head to become viscous to a degree that will still allow recovery by the recovery process and longer than the normal operating time of the apparatus. In a practical example of this embodiment, the prescribed time period until time-up was 15 minutes. It may be set to 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes or one hour, and the recovery process capacity may be specifically adjusted by the number of times ejection is repeated per nozzle (number of ejections). The number of ejections is set to 5 every 15 minutes or 10 every 30 minutes per nozzle. As with the foregoing embodiments, the number of ejections during the initial recovery process at the time of power-on is set separately to 160. The reason why the maximum value (e.g., 160 ejections) for the number of ejections is used at the time of power-on is because though it is possible to measure non-printing time by a timer means when the power is on, it is generally difficult to measure the time the printer is left unused by a timer means when the power is off in a low-cost apparatus. FIG. 16 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the electronic apparatus and control method of the invention. In this embodiment, the electronic desk calculator is again used as an example of the electronic apparatus, and it is represented by the same block diagram as that shown in FIG. 4. This embodiment has a control means that is capable of setting the recovery process to correspond to the time interval from when the power supply is switched on until use of the printer of the electronic desk calculator begins, more particularly, it can accurately measure the time from when the power supply is switched on and suitably set the amount of ink discharge performed by the recovery process. Timer 34 is used as the timer means for measuring a prescribed time period, and RAM 32 is used as counting means for counting the number L of time-ups indicated by the timer after powering on. The prescribed time period of the timer is 15 minutes. First, the printer, memory, etc., are initialized in step S60 immediately after the power supply is switched on. Then in step S61, the initial power-on recovery process is performed. This recovery process is indicated by steps SS1 to SS3 of the recovery sub-routine in FIG. 6. Upon completion of the recovery process, the timer is reset in step S62. Next, the state of the print selector switch is detected in step S63. If it is off, processing proceeds from key input in step S64 to display and arithmetic operation processing in step S65 and timer time-up check in step S66, and then if time-up is detected in step S66, the number L is incremented by one in step S67. The number L is stored in a prescribed area in RAM. If L becomes greater than a predetermined value L is nor more incremented but fixed at said predetermined value. The predetermined value is selected in accordance with the relationship explained above with respect to FIG. 5 and corresponds to the non-printing time where the minimum number of ejections becomes constant. In the example given here this non-printing time is about 6 hours and so L would be 24 to 32 (L ≥ 6 h / predetermined time period or L ≥ 6 h / 15 minutes = 24). Incidentally, since the quantitative aspect of the relationship shown in FIG. 5 depends on factors like the composition of the ink, the structure of the ink-jet head etc., according to the present invention means may be provided that allow the oparator to preset the constants like the predetermined time period, L etc. to fit the actual printer or apparatus. While the print selector switch is off, calculations, the display of results, etc., are executed in response to key input according to the routine in steps S64 to S66. Also, the supply of power to the printer is stopped during this time. If the print selector switch is switched on, then processing proceeds from step S63 to step S68, where it is confirmed if L is 0 or not, and if it is 0, then processing proceeds to step S72, and the same processing as in FIG. 8 is executed in subsequent steps. If L is not 0, then the recovery subroutine and timer reset are repeated L times. Thus, head recovery suitable according to the relationship of FIG. 5 for the time the head has been left unused is executed. By using a prescribed non-printing time as a unit time, storing the number of ejections K corresponding to this unit time in ROM in advance and counting the number L of time-ups, a recovery meeting the proportional relationship of FIG. 5 can be easily achieved by setting the number of recovery processes equal to L and the number of ejections per recovery process equal to K, which means a total number of ink ejections of L x K. By measuring the total elapsed non-printing time since power-on in units of the prescribed time period measured by the timer, the same timer can be used without requiring complicated control. There is also the advantage of being able to easily apply this method to hardware wherein the discharge of a capacitor is used as a timer. FIG. 17 is a timing chart that examplifies the operation of the embodiment of the invention in FIG. 16. In the figure, 90a indicates the condition of the power supply, 90b indicates the condition of the print selector switch, and 90c indicates timer operation, where the single-dash line indicates the time-up time value in the same way as in FIG. 9. Also, 90d is the timing for time-up, 90e is the timing for printing, and 90f is the recovery timing for recovery processing. The prescribed time period for the timer is the same as in FIG. 9, i.e., 15 minutes, and the number K of ink ejections performed by the recovery process is 5 per nozzle. Immediately after powering on a91, the initial power-on recovery f91 is executed, and when time-up d91 has occurred and switching on of print selector switch b91 is executed after performing calculations using the display device, recovery f92 is performed. After that printing e91 is started within the prescribed time period. Following this, the print selector switch is switched off and then on b92 again, resulting in three time-ups d92, d93, d94 being confirmed, and therefore three recovery processes f93, f94, f95 are executed in response to b92. In addition, when the time the ink-jet head is left unused, i.e., non-printing time, is relatively short, good quality printing can be achieved without requiring recovery processing. When a prescribed recoverable time is used for this time, printing can be performed without recovery processing if it is done within the prescribed recoverable time. This prescribed recoverable time is equivalent to the time required for the ink in the nozzles of the ink-jet head to increase in viscosity to an extent allowing recovery by normal printing and was 15 minutes in a pratical example of this embodiment. In the invention, recovery of nozzles is controlled based on a timer or other timer means, but a means can be added that detects temperature and humidity and is used to adjust the number of ejections (or number of repeated recovery processes) or the prescribed time period depending on the temperature and/or humidity. In ink-jet printers having heat generating elements as pressure generating elements in their ink-jet head, since according to the invention the heat generating elements periodically eject ink droplets from nozzles while the head is in a stand-by condition, the head is wormed up, which prevents increasing of viscosity of the ink particularly in the low temperature condition and has an effect on good printing result. In electronic apparatus such as calculators which have a display device and print as required, the number of ink ejections for recovery when the printer is actually being started can be reduced and waiting times before printing shortened. Besides that, the consumption of ink can be optimized when the number of ink ejections from the nozzles is set according to the elapsed time from turning on of a power switch to turning on of a print selector switch.

Claims: An electronic apparatus comprising: an ink-jet printer having an on-demand type ink-jet head (2) equipped with plural nozzles that eject ink droplets in response to pressure pulses generated by corresponding pressure generating elements, timer means (34; 34a, 34b) for repeatedly measuring a prescribed time period, recovery processing means (40) for performing recovery processing of said nozzles by causing ink ejection from the nozzles, a power supply switch (22) to control power supply to the apparatus, and control means (31) for operating said recovery processing means (40), characterized by further comprising a print selector switch (24) switchable between on to enable and off to disable the ink-jet printer, counter means (32) for measuring the non-operation time interval from when the power supply switch (22) is switched on until said print selector switch (24) is switched, first memory means (32) for storing said measured time interval, and second memory means (33) for storing a predetermined relationship between non-operation time intervals and the number of ink ejections required for recovery of the nozzles, wherein said control means (31) is adapted to operate said recovery processing means (40) in sync with turning on of said print selector switch (24) such as to perform recovery processing with a number of ink ejections in accordance with said predetermined relationship. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising an electronic clock (34a), wherein said timer means (34b) measures said prescribed time period by detecting a corresponding interval of time from said clock. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said timer means comprises a programmable timer. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein after said print selector switch (24) is switched on, said recovery processing means (40) performs said recovery processing in response to said timer means (34; 34a, 34b) having measured said prescribed time period during non-operation of the ink-jet head (2). The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, said apparatus further comprising: power supply control means (35) capable of switching off the power supply of the apparatus, and counter means that counts the times said timer means (34; 34a, 34b) has measured said prescribed time period in succession, said power supply control means (35) being adapted to cut off the power supply when the count value of said counter means has reached a prescribed value, said counter means being reset by a printing signal of said printer (1) and restarts its counting. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising key input means (25) and means (31) for processing key input from said key input means, wherein said counter means is also reset by an input signal from said key input means and re-starts its counting. A method of controlling an electronic apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising the steps of: a) detecting turning on of the power switch (22; 22'), b) detecting turning on of the print selector switch (24), c) measuring the time interval from when the power switch is turned on until when the print selector switch is turned on, and d) performing recovery processing in response to step b) by controlling the amount of ink to be ejected according to the time measured in step c).

Inventors: FUJII MASAHIRO, HAMA SUSUMU, MINOWA MASAHIRO, TAKIZAWA HIROSHI, FUJII, MASAHIRO, HAMA, SUSUMU, MINOWA, MASAHIRO, TAKIZAWA, HIROSHI
Applicants: SEIKO EPSON CORP, SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2