HAND HELD ENCODING INSTRUMENT

Abstract: An encoding instrument (60, 96) held in substantially the palmar axis of a hand (10, 116) has a convexo-curved keypad surface (66, 102) accessibly equidistant to the thumb (14, 120) of the holding hand. The primary surface of the keypad (62, 98) is substantially not coincidental with a handle (64, 100). Encoding switches (68, 104, 138, 156) mounted on the keypad are connected by cable or wireless signal transmission to operate selected functions. A movement control device (70, 106, 140) mounted at the thumb end of the handle is operated by the thumb of the holding hand. Analog switch movement (82, 84; 111, 112) is positively and negatively manipulated by digit fingers (12, 88, 118) of the holding hand.

Description: HAND HELD ENCODING INSTRUMENT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention: The present invention relates to the art of encoding instruments, and more particularly to one-handed encoding, con¬ troller and communication instruments. 2. Description of the Prior Art: In the past, it has been known to provide encoding, controller, and communication instruments designed to be held by a single hand and having thereon a plurality of switching elements, such as, for example, switch buttons. Such instru¬ ments are usually connected in remote circuit with other units such that there is switch signal transmitting interaction be¬ tween the instruments and such other units. Hereinafter, in this specification, the term "encod¬ er", or perhaps "encoding instrument", or "encoding device", will be used generally to refer to such instruments, even though the specific application may be for communications, such as a cellular telephone set, or for a controller, such as a remote controller for, e.g., a television set. One such device may be representatively seen in Let¬ ters Patent No. 4,517,424, which shows an encoding instrument operated by short digital movements within an encircling frame. Another representative example of such encoding instrument may be seen in Letters Patent No. 4,620,287 having finger operated switches mounted to an adjustable handle. See also the table mounted one-hand encoding device shown in Letters Patent No. 4,260,892. In the past, it has also been known to use encoding instruments designed to be grasped by a hand having switch or switches operable by the thumb. A representative example of such an instrument can be seen in Letters Patent No. 4,739,128 which shows an operating control stick, sometimes called a "joystick," having multiple-position switches designed to be operated by a thumb. Such thumb-operated encoding instruments have only a limited number of switch positions or control op¬ tions which can be selected. In none of these devices is there shown a hand-held encoding instrument described having control switches or but¬ tons positioned for "non-retraction" access by digits or thumb with movements beginning from the digits' repose position. Hereinafter in this Specification, the term "digit" will be used to include the thumb of a hand unless otherwise specified, but the term "finger" will be used to exclude the thumb of a hand. It has been found that "retraction" of the thumb as well as fingers is stressful, awkward and slow. In this Speci¬ fication, the term "retraction" is used to mean movement of the tip of a digit in approximately a straight line toward the base of such digit; i.e., toward the etacarpal-phalangeal joint for the four fingers, and toward the metacarpal-carpal joint for the thumb. Such "retraction involves a simultaneous extension and/ or abduction of the proximal segment of the digit and flexion of the two distal segments of the digit. In anatomical terminology, when the extensor brevis pollices extends the metacarpus, the extensor longus pollices will; unless opposed by the flexor pollices longus, act in con¬ cert to extend the two phalanxes. Meanwhile, flexion of the distal phalanx by the flexor pollices longus is accompanied by flexion of the medial phalanx by the flexor pollices brevis and the adductor pollices. As the tendon sheaths of the flexor pollices brevis are anchored at the metacarpal-phalangeal or knuckle joint, flexion of the phalanxes produces flexion of the metacarpus. In fact, flexion of the metacarpus is normally produced by the flexor pollices brevis acting at the metacarpalphalangeal joint. See, for example, . Henry Hollinshead, Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back (2nd ed., 1962) ( . B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Penn.), at pp. 192-94; and, M. Gladys Scott, Analysis of Human Motion (2nd ed., 1962) (Appleton-Century Crofts, New York), at pp. 241-42. "Retraction" involves flexing the two distal segments of a digit while extending the proximal segment, which causes different muscle groups and tendons to work in opposition to one another. This type of motion is accordingly quite stress¬ ful, awkward, and slow, especially compared to the more normal simultaneous flexion or extension of all segments of a digit. Unfortunately, "retraction" is required for one-handed opera¬ tion of current controller and encoding devices; such as, for representative example, a remote controller for a television set. Such instruments invariably have switches or keys mounted on a flat keypad and are designed with no handle or with a han¬ dle that is substantially coincident with the plane of the key¬ pad. If the hand is positioned so that the thumb can reach to top keys, for example, the thumb must "retract" in order to operate the bottom or closer keys; i.e., the keys more proximal the wrist. Furthermore, operation of the current television set remote controllers and other such instruments also requires ul- nar flexion or palmar flexion of the wrist; that is, bending the wrist downward at an uncomfortable angle, in order to align an infrared controller beam with the controlled device, such as a television set. It has long been sought to have an encoder instrument which is easy to operate while being lightly held and balanced in the hand with the wrist in a substantially straight, repose position. Further, it is desired to have such an encoder in¬ strument held by a single hand which can switch or operate a number of switched functions comparable to the number of switched functions manipulated by a standard alpha-numeric key¬ board while having operating switch buttons accessible to the digits of the holding hand without "retraction," as that term is used herein, of the thumb and, additionally, without "re¬ traction" of the fingers as well. SUMMARY In brief, in accordance with one aspect of the pres¬ ent invention, an encoding instrument is described having a handle and a keypad surface with switch buttons or keys mounted on the surface. The handle is ergonomically shaped to be held by a holding hand in substantial repose while keys mounted on the surface of the keypad may be operated by the thumb of the holding hand without retracting the thumb. The keys on the keypad are positioned, in one aspect, in a convexo-curved sur¬ face which is substantially equidistant from the centers of rotation and articulation of the thumb digit, or pollex of the holding hand. Finger operated switches, which may be digital or analog, are mounted on opposing sides of a finger hole or holes to be operated selectively by a finger digit inserted through the finger hole or holes. At or near the position where the tip of the thumb rests on the thumb keypad is mounted a movement control device, hereinafter called a "prime mover." The prime mover allows for a movement of a cursor or other position indicating device in any direction on a substantially planar surface, such as a television screen. Such a prime mover may also be used to se¬ lect different items from a menu appearing on such a planar surface, such as, for examples, a television screen or display screen. The encoding instrument may have an internal process¬ ing and memory unit and may have a transmitter for transmitting the electrical signals resulting from the switch or key manipu¬ lation through an infrared carrier optical beam or radio signal generated within the encoding instrument. The encoding instru¬ ment may be fitted with a display which indicates the switching as selected to the view of the person whose hand is holding the encoding instrument. In an alternative embodiment, the keypad has a less convexo-curved surface and has a surface that is substantially not curved in a width dimension. The planar surface is sub¬ stantially tangential to the arc defined by the tip of a thumb as the thumb is flexed and extended in a plane substantially co-incidental with the upper axis of the handle being gripped by the hand of the thumb. The planar surface is substantially tangential to a point of the arc defined by the tip of a thumb as it is articulated around its joints. In another alternative embodiment, the keypad is described having a substantially pla¬ nar surface which is tangential to the median point of the arc described in the above convexo-curved surface. In yet another alternative embodiment, the switched signal transmissions can be made through electrical cable conduits, such as light or optical fibers, conducting wire, and the like. These and other novel aspects of the present inven¬ tion, together with other aspects thereof, can be better under¬ stood by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which are designed to be read in conjunction and together with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a side palmar elevation of a human hand in repose showing the palm face forward; Fig 2 is a side elevation of a human hand in repose having the thumb shown forward in repose resting on the index finger; Fig 3 is a perspective view of a controller instru¬ ment of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig 4 is a perspective view showing the controller instrument of the preferred embodiment of Fig. 3 being held by a hand and positioned in operative placement in relation to a controlled device; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative em¬ bodiment of the present invention showing an encoding instru¬ ment having a curved keypad surface; Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of the alternative embodiment of Fig. 5 having a holding hand shown in position relative to the encoding instrument; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the present invention having a substantially pla¬ nar keypad surface not co-incidental with the axis of the han¬ dle; and, Fig. 8 is a perspective view of yet another alterna¬ tive embodiment of the present invention showing an encoding instrument connected by cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention can best be described by an un¬ derstanding of certain elements and aspects of the human hand, reference being had initially to Figs. 1 through 4 of the ac¬ companying drawings. A human hand 10 is shown having the dis¬ tal phalanxes 12 of the four fingers in repose with the pollex or thumb 14 resting on the index finger and having the palm 16 facing. The carpus or wrist 18 connects the hand 10 to the forearm, described in greater detail below. The thumb 14 com¬ prises a tip 15. The thumb 14 also comprises a thenar emi¬ nence, or sometimes simply "thenar" 20, which is the muscle group connecting the metacarpus of the thumb 14 to the palm 16 of the hand 10 which provides for strength and movement of the thumb 14 in flexion. A dorsal thenar 22, which allows exten¬ sion of the thumb 14, is also seen partially in Fig. 1. In addition to the thenar 14, the thumb comprises a proximal phalanx 24 and a distal phalanx 26, the tip 15 of which is the outward most extremity of the thumb 14. The meta¬ carpus 25 joins the proximal phalanx 24 of the thumb 14 to the carpus or wrist 18. A carpal-metacarpal or "saddle" joint 28 provides the moving connection between the thumb's metacarpus 25 and the carpus 18. A metacarpal-phalangeal joint 30 pro¬ vides the moving joint between the thumb's proximal phalanx 24 and the metacarpus 25, while the inter-phalangeal joint 31 pro¬ vides movement between the distal and proximal phalanxes of the thumb 14. The thumb 14 has an extension-abduction and flexion- adduction movement vertically, as seen in the side elevation of Fig. 1. This vertical movement of the tip 15 of the thumb 14 is defined by the arc 36. The arc 36 is the range of movement of the outward thumb tip 15 in its vertical movement around its two hinge joints, namely the metacarpal-phalangeal or "thumb knuckle" joint 30 and its inter-phalangeal joint 31, and to a lesser degree, its carpal-metacarpal joint 28. In its move¬ ments about the joints 28, 30, 31, the thumb 14 may be thought as having a vertical center of movement 32. As the arc 36 has a decreasing radius from the top to the bottom of the swing, as seen in Fig. 1, the center 32 of the arc 36 is only approxi¬ mately located. The radius 34 of the thumb 14 movement will be the approximate distance between the vertical poll center 32 and the tip 15 of the thumb 14 through its vertical movement as seen in Fig. 1. The hand 10 is also comprised of a hypothenar eminence, or simply hypothenar 38, which is the muscle group connecting the fourth or little finger with the palm 16. The hypothenar 38 provides for flexion-extension and abduction-ad¬ duction of the little finger. As better seen in Fig. 2, the fingers, in addition to the distal phalanxes 12, comprise medial phalanxes 40 and prox¬ imal phalanxes 42. The proximal phalanxes 42 of the fingers are connected to the metacarpi 45 by corresponding metacarpal- phalangeal or "knuckle" joints 44. On the palmar side of the base of the proximal phalanxes 42 of the fingers 12 are palmar finger pads 58, as will be better seen in Figs. 1 and 2. The thumb 14 also has a lateral or horizontal sweep¬ ing movement, as seen from the perspective in Fig. 2 , defined by its movement about its saddle joint 28 and to a much lesser degree, the knuckle joint 30. These axes 28, 30 of movement allow the thumb 14 seemingly to move about a point near the saddle joint 28, which point is designated herein the horizon¬ tal poll axis 48. The thumb 14 moves as the radius 50 so that the tip 15 of the thumb 14 defines an arc 52. The radius 50 is substantially constant through its arc with a slight decrease in length near the ends of the arc 52 due to lateral movement at the thumb knuckle joint 30. The hand 10 when flexing its digits, 12, 14 or when in general repose defines two griping axes within its palm 16, the hypothenar axis 54, between the palmar finger pads 58 and the hypothenar 38, and the thenar axis 55, between the palmar finger pads 58 and the thenar 20, as best seen in Fig. l. When grasping a cylindrical object, the palm 16 will define a single palmar grip axis 56, which is generally the average of the hy¬ pothenar and the thenar grip axes 54, 55. The position of the hand 10 in relationship to the forearm 57 is defined by the forearm axis 59. When the hand 10 is in repose, the wrist 18 is in slight ulnar flexion. Ulnar flexion of the wrist 18 is the bending of the wrist 18 and the consequent movement of the hand 10 toward the little finger side of the hand 10. Radial flexion is the bending of the wrist 18 and consequent movement of the hand 10 towards the thumb side. Bending the wrist 18 and moving the hand 10 toward the palmar side of the hand 10 is called palmar flexion. Bend¬ ing the wrist 18 and moving the hand 10 away from the palmar side of the hand 10 is called dorsal flexion. In this specifi¬ cation, "abduction" is defined as any movement of the hand 10, digits 12, 14 or any limb away from its "duct" or centerline, while "adduction" is defined as any movement of the hand 10, digits 12, 14 or any limb toward its "duct" or centerline. In repose, the slight ulnar flexion results in the forearm axis 59 passing through the lateral edge of the middle finger at the inter-phalangeal joint between its proximal and medial segments. From this position, further ulnar flexion of the wrist 18 is limited and stressful. Radial flexion from this repose position has a much greater range and is less stressful. As better seen in Fig. 3, the hand encoding instru¬ ment 60 of the present invention is comprised of a keypad 62 and a handle 64. The handle 64 is shaped having a thenar grip axis 55a, a hypothenar grip axis 54a, and a thenar swale 65 to accommodate a thenar eminence. The keypad 62 has a keypad sur- face 66 having keys or switch buttons 68 mounted thereon. In addition, a disc switch 70, which may act as prime mover, is positioned at the bottom center of the keypad 62 in substan¬ tially the position occupied by the thumb tip 15 when the thumb 14 is held in repose. The keypad 62 is mounted upon a head cabinet 72. The head cabinet 72 includes a display screen 74 formed in the head cabinet 72 so that when the encoding instru¬ ment 60 is held in a hand 10, the person holding the encoding instrument 60 can view the screen 74. The head cabinet 72 also has a lens 76 through which an infrared light beam 90 can be focused toward a receiving instrument, such as a television set 92 as better seen in Fig. 4, which is to be controlled by the encoding instrument 60. The remainder of the cabinet of the encoding instru¬ ment 60 includes a handle 64 with a finger hole 80 positioned to receive the distal phalanx 12 of the index finger of the hand 10. The finger hole 80 has an anterior, rear-facing, in¬ ner surface with a reverse eye key 82 mounted therein. On the forward facing, posterior inner surface of the finger hole 80 is an eye key 84. Both the reverse eye key 82 and the eye key 84 are intended to be operated by a finger inserted through the finger hole 80. A beak 86 depends from the front rim of the finger hole 80 so that pressure by a digit against the posteri¬ or surface of the beak 86 counter-balances the forward pitch of the encoding instrument 60 caused by pressure of a thumb on the thumb keypad 62. The keypad surface 66 has a convexo-curved surface, the shape of which is defined in accordance with the movement of the tip 15 of a thumb 14 through its movements about the axes 32, 48 through the arcs 36, 52. The keys 68 of the keypad 62 should be operatively accessible to the tip 15 of the thumb 14 when the thumb is in substantial repose and when the thumb 14 is moved about its axes 32, 48 without retracting. Thus, the outward most tip 15 of the thumb 14 can reach the keys 68 without retraction by movement through the arcs 36, 52 and through arcs defined by the intermediate planes between the planes defined by the arcs 36, 52 shown in Figs, l and 2. The shape of the keypad surface 66 thus should be formed so that the surface is equidistant from the axes 32, 48 through all movements of the tip 15 of the thumb 14. In addi¬ tion, a disk-shaped switch, hereinafter disc switch 70, is po¬ sitioned at the base of the keypad 62 to be operated by the thumb 14 without retraction of the thumb 14. The disc switch 70 may be movable in 360 degrees in its substantially planar mounting surface so that the switch 70 can be used as a prime mover 70. Each key or switch button 68, 70 mounted on the key¬ pad 62 is connected in circuit to generate a signal when de¬ pressed. The prime mover 70 can be a sliding disc switch, "track ball," "joystick," or any other switching device that moves freely in a planar or hemispherical manner to control a cursor or position indicating device. The prime mover switch 70 essentially moves in a continuous movement for generating an analog electrical signal responsive to the analog movement of the switch 70. -___.. As seen in Fig. 4, the electrical signal is then mod¬ ulated upon an optical beam, such as an infrared light beam 90, which is focused through lens 76 to the instrument to be con¬ trolled, such as the television set 92. The signal thus trans¬ mitted upon the optical beam 90 is decoded within the con¬ trolled instrument 92 and caused to switch a predetermined cir¬ cuit to actuate the functions selected. The index finger 88 inserted through the finger hole 80 can operate the reverse eye key 82, as better seen in Fig. 3, by depressing the eye key 82 by extension of the distal pha¬ lanx 12 of that finger 88. The eye key 84 can be operated by the same finger 88 as inserted through the finger hole 80 by flexion of that finger 88. The keys 82, 84 can be analog elec¬ trically so that the extension and flexion of the distal pha¬ lanx 12 of the operating finger 88 can be moved incrementally to incrementally switch the circuits controlled by the keys 82, 84. As better seen in Fig. 4, the handle 64 is formed in relation with the keypad surface 66 and the head cabinet 72 so that the encoding instrument 60 can be held by the hand 10 without ulnar flexion of the wrist 18. Thus, the hand 10 can grasp the handle 64 so that the handle 64 occupies substantial¬ ly the palm of the hand 10. The handle 64 is aligned generally along the palmar grip axis 56 of the hand 10. It may then be appreciated that the optical beam 90 through the lens 76 can be aligned with the receiver instrument, such as a television set 92 as shown in Fig. 4, without ulnar flexion, radial flexion, or otherwise contorting the wrist 18. Rather, the wrist 18 will continue to have its normal repose position relative to the hand 10, all the while the thumb 14 can be easily flexed, extended and rotated without retraction and while substantially in its repose position to operate all of the keys 68 on the keypad 62. Thus, the instrument to be controlled by the encod¬ ing instrument 60 is fully operated without having to abduct, flex, extend, or otherwise contort the wrist 18. The handle 64 may be thought to have a generally lon¬ gitudinal dimension defined by the extent of its length about which the palm 16 of the hand 10 grasps the handle 64 by flex¬ ing the fingers. When the handle 64 is thus grasped, the lon¬ gitudinal dimension will be substantially co-incidental with the palmar grip axis 56. Planes tangential to the keypad sur¬ face 66 will be, in the present invention, generally non-coincidental with the longitudinal dimension of the handle 64. In Fig. 4, the encoding instrument 60 is shown in po¬ sitional relation to a television set 92 which is representa¬ tive of an instrument or device to be controlled. The encoding instrument 60 is shown being grasped by a hand 10 having its thumb 14 in substantial repose and accessing the keys 68 of keypad 62. The fingers of the hand 10 grasp around the handle 64, with the index finger 88 being inserted through the finger hole 80 and dorsal side of the distal phalanx of the second finger nestled against the beak 86. The head 72 of the cabinet is shown with the lens 76 through which is focused an infrared optical light beam 90 gen¬ erated by the circuit housed within the head 72 and where elec¬ tronic circuitry is controlled by the keys 68. The television set 92 has a light receiving lens 94 through which the beam 90 is received. The lens 94 is part of a circuit system within the television set 92 which de-couples the signals carried on the light beam 90 and selectively operates the functions of the television set 92 in accordance with the selection of the keys 68 depressed or switched by application of pressure of the tip 15 of the thumb 14 of the holding hand 10. As may be appreci¬ ated, the thumb 14 can depress any key 68 while the hand 10 holds the handle 64 of the encoding instrument 60, without the necessity of retracting the thumb 14. The thumb disc switch or prime mover switch 70, as seen better in FIG. 3, is positioned where the thumb tip 15 rests when the hand 10 is in repose. Further, as may be better seen in Fig. 4, the signals carried by the beam 90 can be transmitted to the television set 92 without the necessity of abducting, flexing, or otherwise con¬ torting the wrist 18 of the hand 10. In operation, a hand 10 grasps the hand-held instru¬ ment 60 by flexing the fingers around the handle 64, leaving the thumb 14 in repose. The index finger is inserted through the finger hole 80, while the middle finger is nestled between the handle 64 and the beak 86. The thumb 14 in repose has its tip 15 capable of reaching the keys 68 on the keypad surface 66 without retraction. The lens 76 can be aimed so that the light beam 90 is directed toward the light receiving lens 94 of the television set 92 without abducting, flexing or otherwise con¬ torting the wrist or carpus 18 of the hand 10. The disc switch 70 can be operated by the distal phalanx 26 of the thumb 14, such disc switch 70 being so designed that is can be switched in several directions, such as forward and rearward, laterally side-to-side, etc, with minimal movement of the thumb 14. The reverse eye key 82 can be operated by extension of the index finger which is inserted through the finger hole 80. Similarly, the eye key 84 can be operated by flexion of the index finger threaded through the finger hole 80. The keys 68 can be operated by depressing the keys 68 with the tip 15 of the thumb 14. The curve of the keypad surface 66 allows access to each of the keys 68 to the tip 15 of the thumb 14 without retraction of the thumb 14. Depending on the angle of the key 68 to the thumb 14, the keys 68 may be depressed by movement of the thumb 14 from the poll axes 32, 48, or may require a slight extension and retraction of the thumb tip 15. In Figs. 5 and 6, an alternative embodiment of the encoding instrument of the present invention is shown in which an encoding instrument 96 has a keypad 98 and a handle 100. The handle 100 has a thenar swale 101 to accommodate the thenar eminence. The keypad 98 has a keypad surface 102 with a plu¬ rality of keys 104 mounted thereon. A disc switch or prime mover 106 is also mounted through the keypad surface 102 at a point at which the thumb tip 121 of the distal phalanx of the thumb 128 occupies when the thumb 128 is in repose. The keypad 98 is mounted within a head cabinet 108, in which electronic circuitry is placed in operative connection with the keys 104, 106. The handle 100 is formed with a finger hole 110 adapted to receive one of the fingers of the holding hand 116, as will be described in greater detail herein below. The fin¬ ger hole 110 has mounted within its posterior, forward-facing, inner side an eye key 111 adapted to be operated by flexion of the distal phalanx of the finger 118 inserted through the fin¬ ger hole 110. The finger hole 110 also has mounted within its anterior, rear-facing inner surface a reverse eye key 112 adapted to be operated by extension of the distal phalanx of the inserted finger 118. The electronic circuitry is operatively connected so that signals generated by operation of the keys 104, 106 will be modulated upon an optical transmission beam focused through the lens 114. The encoding instrument 96 is designed to be operated with an instrument to be controlled, which has optical transmission beam receiving circuitry to receive the beam transmitted through the lens 114 and to switch circuits accord¬ ing to the selection made when operating the keys 104, 106, 111, 112. The encoding instrument 96 is grasped, as seen in the view of Fig. 6, by wrapping the fingers of the hand 116 around the handle 100, which has a longitudinal axis or dimension 122. The keypad surface 102 has a shape so that the keys will be ac¬ cessible to the tip 121 of the thumb 120 by flexion and exten- sion of the thumb 120 at the thumb knuckle joint 124, and to a lesser degree, the inter-phalangeal joint 127 and saddle joint 123 of the thumb 120. Flexion of the thumb 120 to near the re¬ pose position allows engagement and operation of the disc switch or key 106 by the thumb tip 121. In operation, the encoding instrument 96 of this em¬ bodiment is grasped by the hand 116 by flexing the distal pha¬ lanxes 118 and other portions of the fingers around the handle 100 so that the palmar grip axis of the hand 116 is substan¬ tially co-incidental with the longitudinal dimension 122 of the handle 100. The curved keypad surface 102 of the keypad 98 is curved in a parabolic shape in cross section. The width dimen¬ sion of the keypad surface 102 is not curved. The curve of the keypad surface 102 is formed so that a center line taken along the longitudinal direction will be defined by the movement of the tip 121 of the thumb 120 when the hand 116 grasps the han¬ dle 100 and the thumb tip 121 is moved by flexing and extending the thumb 120 through a vertical plane as seen in FIG. 6. The reverse eye key 112 is operated by extension of the distal pha¬ lanx 118 of the finger inserted through the finger hole 110, while the eye key 111 is operated by flexion of the distal pha¬ lanx. The switches 111, 112 may be either digital or analog, according to the circuit design choices needed when designing the instrument. It can be appreciated that the encoding instrument 96 is grasped by a hand 116 without abduction of the wrist 129 relative to the hand 116. Rather, the wrist 129 is in substan- tial repose as is the hand 116 itself when grasping the encod¬ ing instrument 96, and when operating the encoding instrument 96 as well. The keys 104, 106 are accessed by flexion and exten¬ sion of the thumb 120 without retraction, and the keys 111, 112 are accessed and operated by flexion and extension of a finger inserted through the finger hole 110. In Fig. 7, yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown. An encoding instrument 130 has a keypad 132 and handle 134. The keypad 132 comprises a keypad surface 136 having depressible keys 138 mounted therethrough. The keys 138 are selectively connected in circuit when de¬ pressed within the head cabinet 142 so that when the keys 138 are depressed, a circuit is completed to generate a predeter¬ mined signal. The signal is modulated upon an optical beam which is focused through a lens 144 for transmission to a re¬ ceiving instrument, not shown. A disc switch or prime mover 140 is positioned to be operatively contacted by the tip or pad of the thumb of a hand grasping the encoding instrument 130 about the handle 134. The encoding instrument 130 has a longitudinal dimen¬ sion defined by the cylindrically shaped handle 134 having an axis 146. The keypad surface 136 is substantially planar, the plane of which is not co-incidental and forms an angle with the axis 146 of the handle 134. In Fig. 8, still another alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown, comprising an encoding instru¬ ment 148. The encoding instrument 148 includes a keypad 150 and a handle 152. The keypad 150 has a convexo-curved keypad surface 154. Keys 156 are selectively connected to electrical circuitry mounted within head cabinet 160 for connection of electrical circuits when the corresponding key 156 is depressed or contacted by a thumb of the hand grasping the handle 152. The electrical circuitry within the head cabinet 160 generates a signal corresponding to a particular corresponding key 156 when the key 156 is operatively contacted by the thumb of the holding hand. The signal thus generated is transmitted through cable 162, which could be an optical fiber or collection of optical fibers, or an electrically conductive medium such as a copper wire. The cable 162 is connected to an instrument to be controlled by the encoding instrument 148. In operation, a hand grasps the handle 152 so that the thumb of the hand in substantial repose will be positioned within the depression formed by the keypad surface 154 so that the thumb tip can operatively contact the keys 156 by movement of the thumb about its inter-phalangeal, knuckle and saddle joint axes without retraction of the thumb tip. Yet other and further alternative embodiments may be perceived by those skilled in the art. For example, the keypad and handle combination of the present invention may have digi¬ tal electronic memory and central processing unit capability mounted within the handle and head cabinets for the keypads. In such alternative embodiments, operative contact with the keys can encode information into such memory. Further, those skilled in the art by using the principles of this invention will perceive other and additional configurations that will result in greater operator ease and speed and less stress upon the digits, hands and wrists when operating one-handed encoding instruments.

Claims: I CLAIM: 1. A keypad and handle in combination comprising: a. a keypad surface having a plurality of switch means on said surface for selectively switching circuit connections; b. a handle adapted to be grasped by flexion of non-thumb fingers of a hand, and having a longitudinal dimension substantially co-incidental with a palmar grip axis of said hand when grasping said handle by flexion of the non-thumb fingers, said switch means on said keypad surface being accessible to said thumb when the handle is grasped by said hand; c. said keypad surface coupled to said handle wherein no line on said keypad surface is co-incidental with said palmar grip axis. 2. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 1 wherein said keypad surface comprises a substantially planar surface having an angle with said palmar grip axis of less than 180 degrees. 3. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 1 wherein said keypad surface is substantially concave having at least one radius of curvature defined by said thumb. 4. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 3 wherein said keypad surface has an apex and a plane tangential with said keypad surface and co-incidental with said apex, and where the angle between said palmar grip axis and said tangential plane at said apex is less than 180 degrees. 5. The keypad and handle combination of either Claim 3 wherein the radius of curvature of said keypad surface is defined by at least the radius defined by said keypad surface and a metacarpal-phalangeal joint of the thumb of said hand. 6. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 3 wherein the radius of curvature of said keypad surface is defined by at least a combination of the radii defined (i) by said keypad surface and a metacarpal-phalangeal joint of the thumb of said hand, and (ii) by said keypad surface and a saddle joint of said hand. 7. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 6 wherein the radius of curvature of said keypad surface is defined further by, in combination, said keypad surface and the inter-phalangeal joint of the thumb of said hand. 8. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 1 further comprising at least one handle switch means for selectively switching circuit connections and mounted on said handle grasped by said non-thumb fingers and posi- tioned to be operatively engaged and switched by at least one of said non-thumb fingers. 9. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 8 wherein said handle switch means comprises a progressive analog switch adapted to be engaged by one of said non-thumb fingers and moved in response to flexion and moved in an opposite direction in response to extension of said one non-thumb finger, said switch having a selectively progressive engagement determined by the movement of said one non-thumb finger. 10. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 8 wherein said handle switch means further comprises a plurality of switches mounted on said handle, each of said switches being adapted to be engaged and operated by movement of a corresponding non-thumb finger. 11. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 1 further comprising a prime mover switch mounted on said keypad and handle combination in a position adapted to be contacted by a tip of a thumb of said hand when said hand grasps said handle and said thumb is in repose. 12. A keypad and handle combination comprising: a. a handle adapted to be engaged by flexion of non-thumb fingers of a hand; b. a plurality of switch means integrally mounted to said handle and positioned to be engaged by a corresponding non-thumb finger when flexed, each of said switch means for selectively switching circuit connections; and, c. a keypad connected to said handle and having a surface facing a thumb finger of said hand. 13. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 12 wherein one of said switch means comprises a switch adapted to be engaged by one non-thumb finger of said hand and movably mounted on said combination, said switch being movable in one direction upon flexion of said one non-thumb finger, movable in an opposing direction upon extension of said one non-thumb finger. 14. The keypad and handle combination of Claim 12 further comprising transmitting means connected to said switching means for receiving signals produced in response to movement of said switch means, for transmitting said signals, over substantial distances. 15. A keypad assembly mounted to a handle adapted to be grasped by the flexion of non-thumb fingers of a hand defining a palmar grip axis, said keypad comprising: A generally concave-shaped surface positioned to intercept said axis at a point beyond the length of the axis between the little finger and the index finger, said surface having switch means for selectively switching circuit connections, said surface being defined by the points traced by the movement of a distal end of the thumb of said grasping hand by flexion and extension of the thumb and by generally transverse movement from the palmar side toward the dorsal side of the hand. 16. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 wherein said surface is defined by the points traced by the movement of the distal end of the thumb of said grasping hand by flexion and extension of the thumb. 17. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 wherein said surface is defined by the points traced by the movement of the distal end of the thumb of said grasping hand by flexion and extension of the thumb at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint. 18. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 wherein said surface is defined by the points traced by the movement of the distal end of the thumb of said grasping hand by flexion and extension of the thumb at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint and at the carpal-metacarpal joint. 19. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 wherein said surface is defined by the points traced by the movement of the distal end of the thumb of said grasping hand by generally transverse movement from the palmar side toward the dorsal side of the hand. 20. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 wherein said surface is defined by the points traced by the movement of the distal end of the thumb of said grasping hand by flexion and extension of the thumb and by generally transverse movement from the palmar side toward the dorsal side of the hand. 21. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 further comprising at least one handle switch means for selectively switching circuit connections and mounted on said handle grasped by said non-thumb fingers and posi¬ tioned to be operatively engaged and switched by at least one of said non-thumb fingers. 22. The keypad assembly of Claim 15 further comprising a prime mover switch mounted on said keypad assembly in a position adapted to be contacted by a tip of a thumb of said hand when said handle and said thumb is in repose. 23. An encoding instrument adapted to be held by a single hand and operated by the thumb finger of said hand, comprising: A keypad mounted to a handle adapted to be grasped by the flexion of non-thumb fingers of a hand defining a palmar grip axis, said keypad having a generally concave-shaped surface positioned to intercept said axis at a point beyond the length of the axis between a little finger and a index finger of said hand, said surface having encoding and controlling means for selectively switching circuit connections, said surface being defined by the points traced by the movement of the end of the distal phalanx of the thumb of said grasping hand by flexion and extension of the thumb at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint and by generally transverse movement of the thumb from the palmar side to the dorsal side of the hand. 24. A prime mover switch movably mounted on a pad accessible to at least one digit of a hand gripping a mount for said pad, wherein said switch can be moved slidably within said pad, and electronic switch means responsive to movement of said mover switch for creating analog switch signals proportional to sliding movement of said mover switch. 25. A handle for mounting a keypad adapted to be operated by at least one digit of a hand, comprising: a. a first, upper grip portion defined by an upper longitudinal dimension and having an upper grip axis along said longitudinal dimension, and adapted for being gripped by a palm of said hand about a thenar axis of said palm; b. a second, lower grip portion defined by a lower longitudinal dimension and having a lower grip axis along said lower longitudinal dimension, and adapted for being gripped by said palm about a hypothenar axis of said palm, said lower grip axis being formed at an angle other than zero in relation to said upper grip axis; and, a keypad integrally formed as a part of said handle, having a plurality of switch keys mounted thereon and having switch means connecting said keys to operating circuitry for creating switch signals responsive to movement of said switch keys, said keys being accessible to at least one digit of said hand when said thenar axis grips said first, upper portion of sid handle and said hypothenar axis of said hand grips said second, lower portion of said handle.

Inventors: GODDARD STEPHEN A A, GODDARD, STEPHEN, A., A.
Applicants: GODDARD STEPHEN A A, GODDARD, STEPHEN, A., A.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H01H9
IPC codes: H01H9, H04M1