IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO GOODS STORAGE

Abstract: The invention relates to the provision of movable floors in a storage area and to the solution of the problem with conventional floors wherein the capacity of said storage areas are not utilised due to inaccessible areas or the machinery required to provide existing movable floors. The invention is of particular use in trailers or trucks for road or rail movement. The invention provides at least one frame (54) which forms a goods lifting and storage base, said frame supported by a series of first guide (10) means and, in one aspect said first means are mounted on a series of second guide means (56). At least one frame provided is capable of movement in relation to at least one of the guide means provided to ensure that goods can be moved into previously inaccessible areas. The formation of the guide means also ensures that minimum space is lost due to the provision of the movable frames.

Description: Improvements Relating to Goods Storage The invention of this application relates to improvements in the loading and unloading of goods in a goods storage area whether the goods are in transit or in a warehouse. Typically, although not exclusively, the invention will be used in trailers or trucks for the transport of goods, but reference hereto will not be taken to exclude any other storage area. The invention leads to improvements in the storage capacity of said storage areas. The invention provides a system for an adjustable floor or series of floors which will be movable in relation to the storage area. Typically vehicle trailers or trucks, whether they be road or rail trailers or trucks are used to carry articles which, when carried, do not fill the trailer or do not properly fit into the trailer. Alternatively, trailers and trucks are built to a cubic capacity which enables safe loading but which falls short of the designed carrying capacity of the vehicle. This is due typically to difficulties encountered in the loading of said goods into the trailer or truck and stacking said goods when they are in the trailer itself. When attempting to stack goods problems are encountered in safely stacking the goods and also preventing damage to said goods. It is therefore commonly the case that conventional vehicle trailers or trucks, although carrying the maximum possible load, have unused space left therein due to the inability to stack the goods in that space whether due to safety or size restraints. This is a problem which has been attempted to be solved by the use of scissor lifts let into the floor of the lower deck. A further problem is encountered in those trailers or trucks which incorporate a step at the front of the trailer to utilise the space available above the vehicle and trailer coupling. The main problem involves lifting the goods onto this stepped area and it is found that this area is on occasion not used due to these difficulties. Furthermore it is evident that current lifting and goods moving requirements lead to the human loaders undertaking tasks which are in contravention of increasingly stringent Health & Safety requirements. At present up to 17 million working days are lost through back injury caused by bad lifting techniques, and companies which operate goods storage and transporting facilities are increasingly accountable for non-compliance of the correct loading practice. As a result of these problems several solutions have been used. The first is to provide a second deck inside the trailer or truck which provides in effect two loading floors. This has been found to be effective in relation to the transport of white goods such as washing machines, but problems have been found in that although the stacking of goods is improved due to the provision of the second loading surface the same shape and size constraints and loading requirements still apply and optimum loading is not achieved. Further, the level of adaptability of the two deck arrangement is insufficient and also the requirement to load goods onto the top deck can be both time consuming and dangerous to the loaders by the use of external unguarded tail lifts at excessive heights. A further development has been the provision of hydraulic ram operated movable floors. These floors are provided such that the goods can be lifted onto the floor and the floor subsequently moved upwardly toward the top of the trailer to leave a second, commonly fixed, floor thereunder upon which further goods can be loaded. Problems encountered with this method of loading are that each of the moving floors requires a hydraulic ram and therefore the machinery required to provide said moving floors with the ram located under the floor is bulky and the use of hydrualic systems in relation to certain goods is not desirable and is of further disadvantage due to ineffective security locking. The aim of the present invention is to provide a movable goods support system for supporting goods in a storage area, said system designed to be adaptable and to be easy to use thereby allowing the optimum use of the storage space available. The present invention provides a goods support system for use in a goods storage area wherein said system comprises a frame upon which goods can be mounted, said frame supported between at least one set of a plurality of guide means along which said frame is movable. Typically said goods storage area will be a trailer for a road vehicle or a truck in which the said system will be installed. Typically at least one of said guide means will include a drive means locators and said frame will be provided with drive means to engage with each of the drive mean locators, and movement of same will cause said frame to rise or lower. In one embodiment the drive means locators will be in the form of rack members which will comprise either of a shaped length of plastics or metal material or a length of chain with indents spaced at regular intervals therein. Typically if a length of chain is used it will be held in tension. Alternatively the drive means locators may incorporate cables or wires to which the frame drive means locates or may incorporate hydraulically actuated means. Typically said guide means will be mounted vertically on the walls of said trailer such that said frame will be movable therealong in a vertical direction by location of the frame with the guide means. Alternatively the the guide means will be mounted in a horizontal plane and movement of the frame can be powered or by manual action. In one embodiment of the invention the goods support system will comprise a frame for movement along said guide means wherein said frame will have provided thereon a floor surface upon which goods can be mounted. In a further embodiment the frame of the goods support system will comprise a frame with provision for pallets to be directly placed thereon. Typically said pallet will be prepacked prior to lifting onto the frame. In one embodiment there will be provided a first floor of the trailer which will be movable by means of engagement of drive means on the said floor with drive locator means mounted in the guide means on the walls of the trailer or truck and a second floor which will be the fixed floor of the same. A further aspect of the goods support system will include a plurality of frames mounted within a storage area and each of the frames is supported between a plurality of guide means. Typically said guide means are common to each of the lifting frames, and preferably each of said frames will be independently movable. A further embodiment of the invention is wherein the goods support system will be provided by a plurality of movable frames which, when at the same level will provide a continuous level floor of the trailer or truck, but each of the frames will be independently movable, to provide a split level flooring system, when required. Typically a plurality of frames will be used when a number of different goods are to be carried in the trailer or truck to allow flexibility in allowance for the dimensions of said goods to be supported on the frame and to be loaded underneath. In one embodiment of the invention there will be provided a goods support system comprising a frame in movable engagement with a series of rack members within the guide means. In one embodiment said rack members will form a rack and pawl arrangement with pawls provided on the frame and these will be sufficient to support said frame and goods loaded thereon in a stationary state during the transporting of said trailer. This embodiment will also act as a safety locking device. Typically the said pawls will be movable along said rack members and said movement will be constant in each of said pawls to maintain the horizontal plane of the frame and goods mounted thereon. The drive means of the frames will typically be provided by means of link shafts coupled to a central drive shaft which can be turned to alter the position of the frame, and same are all preferably mounted on the frame. Preferably the same will also be provided with a lock system which will ensure that the frame is maintained at a certain height even if failure of the drive means should occur. Typically the central shaft will be adjusted by operation of an- electric motor in connection with the central shaft. Preferably said shafts, pinions and drive systems will be totally enclosed thereby eliminating any ingress of foreign matter into the goods carried in the trailer. In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a goods support system wherein at least one frame is mounted between a first set of a plurality of guide means and said first guide means are mounted on a second set of a plurality of guide means and wherein said frame is movable in relation to at least one set of said guide means. Preferably at least one frame is provided to be movable in a substantially vertical direction on the first guide means and said first guide means are in turn movably mounted on second guide means to allow substantially horizontal movement of said first guide means and frame. Typically said second guide means will be mounted on the side walls of the storage area and the first guide means adjacent thereto. Said first guide means will be movably mounted on the second guide means by a series of rollers movable along a track formed in the guide means. Typically the second guide means and/or the goods frame will be provided with locking means to ensure that the frame can be held in the required position during loading or unloading. In a further embodiment the frame will be provided with an extendable portion which, when the frame is adjacent the edge of the storage area can be extended to co-operate with lifting means external of the storage area. The goods supporting system of the invention will be capable of being fitted to new storage areas or to be retrofied to existing storage areas. Preferably said drive means for the frame in relation to a set of guide means will be provided by any of pinion or pawl, pulley or hydraulic arrangements acting in conjunction with drive means locators in the form of rack members, pulley cables or ropes or hydraulic rams provided within the guide means and in one embodiment these guide means will be movable in relation to a second set of guide means by manual movement of rollers or skates mounted in the first guide means along the second guide means. A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein; Figure 1 relates to a diagrammatic perspective view of a typical goods trailer or truck with one embodiment of the goods support system of the invention fitted therein, Figure 2 shows a plan view of the drive system for a frame of the goods support system. Figure 3 shows in elevation one embodiment of a movable rack and pawl arrangement as used in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 3a shows the arrangement of Figure 3 in end elevation; Figure 4 shows a plan view of a first guide means. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the goods support system. Figure 6 shows a plan view of the first guide means as used in Figure 5; Figure 7 shows an end elevation of the second guide means as used in Figure 5; Figure 8 shows a roller support means for use in association with a second guide means mounted in the floor of the area; Figure 9 illustrates a cross sectional elevation along line A-A of Figure 8; Figure 10 shows an elevation of a method of loading a trailer of an articulated vehicle using the invention; and Figure 11 illustrates an elevation of an alternative method of unloading a trailer of an articulated vehicle using the invention. Referring firstly to Figure 1 there is shown a typical trailer or truck 2 for the road transport of goods. Said trailers are used to carry a wide range of goods. A first embodiment of the goods support system of the invention is shown which comprises a series of frames 4, 6 and 8 mounted in engagement with a first set of guide means 10, 12 and 14 and 16. Each of the said frames are movable, independently, in a vertical direction along the said first guide means. As can be seen the frames 4, 6 and 8 can be moved to, and maintained at, varying heights dependent upon the goods to be carried thereon and also the goods to be carried on the floor 16 of the trailer or on a second movable frame 18 mounted on the same guide means as frame 4 but underneath same. Referring now to Figure 2 there is shown, in simplified detail, one of said frames 4. Typically, although not shown, the guide means will be fastened or moulded into the walls of the trailer and will be unobtrusive. The frame 4 comprises a square or rectangular steel frame 20 in which is mounted central drive connection 22. Said connections are linked by standard coupling arrangements at 24 and 26 to link shafts 28. The link shafts are in turn coupled to drive pawls which in turn are in engagement with rack members provided in the guide means. Thus, rotation of the shafts, in this instance by motor 30, serves to produce the direction of rotation of each of the pawls connected to a link shaft 28 and hence the frame is moved up or down the rack members of the guide means . Typically the rack members can be formed from a moulded length of plastics or metal or by a length of standard chain as represented at 34. Alternatively, a pulley arrangement, or hydraulic ram, running within the guide means can be used. Figures 3 and 3a shows in greater detail a typical rack and pinion or pawl system as used with this first embodiment. Shown is part of a rack member 31 in engagement with teeth 36 of a pinion or pawl wheel 38 which is mounted to rotate around its axis as represented by arrow 40. The coupling arrangement is standard and will be contained in a sealed unit 42 which, for the purposes of this description is shown partly cut away. The pinion 38 is turned by rotation in direction 44 of the link shaft 28. The turning of the link shaft 28 therefore provides movement of the frame 4 in the direction 46 upward or downward dependent upon the direction of turn of the shaft. Figure 4 illustrates a plan view of a guide means 10 of the first embodiment with the drive means omitted wherein the guide means include a base plate 48 upon which is mounted two shaped plates 49 which define a guide within which the drive means locator and drive means and pinion wheel 38 move. Also provided is a series of protrusions 50 which engage with a spring loaded lever (not shown) mounted on the frame. This lever is biased downwardly against each protrusion to act as a lock should the drive fail and to prevent any downward movement of the frame without first withdrawing said levers. Figure 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention wherein there is incorporated within the storage area of a trailer a movable goods support system 52 with at least one frame 54 which is mounted on a first set of guide means 10 and 12 with 14 and 16 (not shown) which allow vertical movement of the frame 54. Furthermore the first guide means are mounted on a second set of guide means 56 which in this case are mounted on the side walls of the trailer 2. These second guide means are disposed such as to allow horizontal movement of the first guide means and hence the goods support frame 54, along the length of the trailer. Thus there is now provided a goods system 52 which is capable of vertical movement and horizontal movement within the goods storage area. Typically for safety measures the goods support frame 54 is provided with one or a plurality of safety fences 58 which are particularly appropriate when the frame is near the top of the trailer. These fences are fitted primarily to give loaders increased safety and comfort whilst stacking the vehicle and also to retain the load mounted on the frame during travel. Typically there is also provided, although not shown in this instance, a locking means which ensure that the first guide means can be locked in position in relation to the second guide means and also that the frame 54 can be locked in position in relation to the first guide means hence providing a safe but movable goods system. From experience it has been found that powered drive of the frame 54 in relation to the first guide means 10 and 12, 14 and 16 in the vertical direction by any of the drive means as previously described with reference to the first embodiment is most appropriate but that the provision of a series of rollers on each the first guide means in engagement with the second guide means provides adequate and efficient movement by manual movement of the first guide means in relation to the second guide means . Figure 6 illustrates a plan view of the first guide means as used in this embodiment of the invention wherein it can be seen that the guide means are again formed by two shaped plates 49 but in this case the protrusions 50 have been removed. This is not always the case and these can be included if required. Figure 7 illustrates a typical end elevation of a second guide means wherein it can be seen that the said guide means is formed of two plates 60 and 62 which in combination provide a guide along which the rollers of the first guide means can move; Figure 8 shows a mounting 64 for a series of rollers which is provided in engagement an each of the first guide means and each of the axis 66 of the series of rollers on the mounting are shown. Said mounting therefore is disposed in a first guide means to pass along the second guide means as shown in Figure 7 and thereby provide movement of the first guide means in relation to the second guide means. In one particular application the mounting 64 comprises an alloy extrusion 63 which, in an embodiment for carrying heavy weights is provided adjacent to a second guide means (not shown) which is fitted into the floor. The rollers 68 or skates in the mounting 64 are therefore provided to pass along the path of the guide means in the floor. This particular embodiment ensures that heavy weights can be lifted and moved on the goods support frame. Figure 9 illustrates a cross section through line A-A of Figure 8 of such a mounting of rollers and here one of the rollers 68 can be seen to have its axis through the support mounting.64 with the axis 66 passing through the said mounting. The roller 68 will lie within the second guide means of Figure 7 with the wall 70 of the mounting abutting with the edges 72 of plates 60 and 62 of Figure 7 to maintain the rollers within the guide means. It is also possible that, if required the frame can be fixed in relation to the first set of guide means and only movable in relation to the second set of guide means by movement of the first guide means along the second guide means. Alternatively the frame can be directly linked to the guide means in the horizontal plane for movement therealong. Figures 10A,B,C,D and 11 indicate two methods of loading and unloading a vehicle using the movable goods storage system of the second embodiment of the invention. Although not shown, this second embodiment can be used in conjunction with the movable goods system of the first embodiment thereby providing an integrated and movable goods support system which allows optimization of the storage area. Referring firstly to Figure 10A there is shown the trailer of an articulated vehicle in the initial stages of storage of goods. As can be seen the goods 73 to be stored are of a random size and nature and therefore it is extremely difficult to predict and provide fixed goods storage floors which can accommodate all different sizes of articles. It is in situations like these that the present invention is of particular benefit. The goods storage system 52 is shown having been moved to the end of the vehicle with the frame 54 at its lowest point. As the goods are placed into the trailer so the space is filled and the operator is required to be moved towards the rear of the trailer and does so as indicated in Figure 10B wherein the operator can push the system along the second guide means 56 to the required position and can also if necessary raise the frame 54 on the first guide means 10 12, (14, 16, not shown) to the level which is most appropriate for placing the goods on those goods already in place. Typically movement of the first guide means in relation to the second guide means will be by physical pushing or pulling of same but can equally be powered if this is more appropriate and the vertical movement of the frame 54 in relation to the first guide means is by powered arrangement. In all cases it is envisaged that the powered drive will be controlled by a hand held control system of conventional means which will be connected to the drive by flexible cabling and will allow operation of the goods system by the operator without needing to go to a fixed control point. Figure IOC illustrates the condition wherein the trailer has been substantially filled and illustrates the fact that the goods system even when it cannot be moved in a horizontal direction can still be used to provide maximum use of the space available. In Figure IOC there is shown the operator external of the storage area filling the frame 54 with further goods. When the goods have reached a certain height the frame can then be lifted on the first guide means so as to leave exposed a space underneath the frame 54 as shown in Figure 10D which can be filled with further goods 73 thereby utilizing the space above the frame 54 and below the same. Typically the goods stored at the end will be those which are to be unloaded first. Figure 11 illustrates a trailer for the storage of mattresses for beds which are of a more standard size and again the goods system of the invention can be utilized to advantage. In this case the goods system 52 is used and provided on the step of the trailer which previously could not easily be used and by raising and lowering the goods system frame 54 so the mattresses can be removed with ease by the operator and in this case placed on a conveyor system which is angularly displaced to provide the movement of the mattresses from the inside of the trailer to external of the trailer for unloading. Again there is provided first guide means and second guide means 56 which can be used as appropriate to move the goods handling system frame 54 in relation to the storage area. Further to the figures the frame 4 can be utilised as shown in figure 2 for the reception of loaded pallets thereon, with any necessary securing or location means provided, or can be provided with a floor upon which goods can be directly loaded. The embodiment to be used is largely dependent upon the type of goods to be loaded and the loading systems used by each individual operator. It is envisaged that the system will operate with equal advantages in a warehouse environment. The main advantages of the invention are that the system is relatively simple to use Furthermore the system has a minimum of parts and is self contained thereby ensuring that the maximum amount of storage space is available for the storage of goods. This is in contrast to normal moving floor systems which require space in which to accomodate hydraulic lifting equipment and or electrical equipment. The system is considerably more adaptable than existing methods as it allows goods to be directly loaded onto the movable frame with a floor or for pallets carrying said goods to be mounted directly onto the frame. The flexibility offered by this system both in terms of optimum use of storage space and the method of loading and unloading the goods is the main advantage over existing methods and represents considerable cost and time savings to the goods carrier and the loader of the trailers and trucks. The creation of split deck flooring enables trailers to be loaded where, previously this would not have been possible. Roll pallets can be fitted on the top deck of the storage area and powered up, and the space below the deck or framecan be filled without the loaders being required to get underneath the decks. This can allow roll pallets of, for example, 1.5 metre dimensions, to be lifted above each other and by using maximum height trailers this method allows for the load size to be doubled. All conventional trailers with two floors require full headroom space to be provided to enable the loaders to access the head space which is typically a minumum of 1.8 metres in each deck. Thus this restricts the method of loading using existing double floor storage areas to very light loads, to operate at limits of under 32 tonnes, where there is no limit, or to restrict the load to 1 level of roll pallets. These restrictions are therefore overcome by the greatly improved adaptability and space usage of the invention.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A goods support system for use in a goods storage area wherein said system comprises a frame upon which goods can be mounted, said frame supported between at least one set of a plurality of guide means along which said frame is movable. 2. A goods support system as in claim 1 wherein the frame is movable along guide means mounted in either of a substantially vertical or horizontal plane. 3. A goods support system as in claim 2 wherein at least said guide means includes a drive means locator and said frame is provided with driveable means to engage with each drive locator to cause said frame to rise or lower. 4. A goods support system as in claim 3 wherein said guide means incorporates drive means locators for the passing therealong of a length of cable or rope such that the drive means of the frame causes said frame to move in relation to the guide means. 5. A goods support system as in claim 3 wherein at least one said guide means incorporates hydraulically operated rams mounted within the guide means and in coonection with the frame. 6. A goods support system as in claim 3 wherein said guide means locators are in the form of rack members. 7. A goods support system as in Claim 6 wherein the rack members are formed of shaped lengths of plastics or metal material and include a plurality of indents along the length thereof. 8. A goods support system as in claim 6 wherein the rack members are formed from lengths of chain mounted along the length of at least one of the guide means. 9. A goods support system as in claim 6 wherein the rack members act in conjunction with pawls provided on the frame, said pawls acting as drive means , powered to allow the frame to be movable andof sufficient strength to support said frame and goods thereon in a stationary state, goods thereon in a stationary state and to allow same to be drivably movable. 10. A goods support system as in claim 9 wherein said pawl arrangement acts as a safety lock to prevent movement of the frame prior to release by powered actuation. 11. A goods support system as in any of the preceding claims wherein the frame is drivably movable along each of the guide means at a uniform speed to maintain the frame in the required plane. 12. A goods system as in any of the preceding claims wherein the drive means for the frame are powered by apparatus which comprises a central drive shaft to which is linked a series of link shafts, each of said shafts rotatably connected to the drive means. 13. A goods system as in claim 12 wherein said central drive shaft is driven by means of an electric motor. 14. A goods support system as in claim 1 wherein the frame further includes a floor formed thereon, said floor allowing the storage of goods thereon. 15. A goods support system as in claim 1 wherein the frame is of a dimension to allow pallets carrying goods thereon to be placed in position onto the frame. 16. A goods support system for use in a goods storage area wherein said system comprises a plurality of frames mounted within said storage area, each of said frames supported between a plurality of guide means along which said frames are movable. 17. A goods support system as in claim 16 wherein at least two of the frames are mounted on common guide means. 18. A goods support system as in claim 17 wherein each of the said frames are independently movable along the common guide means. 19. A goods support system as in claim 18 wherein at least one of said guide means include drive means locators to be engaged by drive means provided on each of said frames. 20. A goods support system as in any of claims 16-19 wherein a plurality of said frames are each capable of movement such that in one position, when each of said frames are at the same level, a floor of uniform level is provided along the length of said storage area. 21. A goods support system wherein said system incorporates at least one frame mounted between a plurality of first guide means and said first guide means are mounted in relation to second guide means and wherein said frame is movable in relation to at least one of said sets of guide means. 22. A goods support system as in claim 21 wherein one of the first or second guide means are mounted in a substantially vertical plane and the other guide means are mounted in a substantially horizontal plane. 23. A goods support system as in claim 21 wherein at least one frame is capable of movement along the first guide means and said first guide means are capable of movement along the second guide means. 24. A goods support system as in claim 23 wherein at least one frame is capable of movement within the goods storage area in vertical and horizontal directions along said first and second guide means, respectively. 25. A goods support system as in claim 23 wherein at least the movement of the frame in the vertical direction is powered. 26. A goods support system as in claim 25 wherein drive means locators are provided in at least one of the first guide means to allow the frame to be powered in movement in a vertical direction. 27. A goods support system as in claim 21 wherein the first guide means are movable along said second guide means and said movement is effected either manually or is powered. 28. A goods support system as in claim 27 wherein the frame is manually movable by means of banks of rollers or skates mounted on the first guide means and adapted to pass along the second guide means. 29. A goods support system as in claim 27 wherein at least one of the second guide means is mounted in the floor of the said storage area. 30. A goods support system as in any of the preceeding claims wherein the guide means are mounted on or adjacent to the side walk of the storage area. 31. A goods support system as in any of the preceding claims wherein the storage area is provided in a trailer or truck for road or rail transport. 32. A goods support system as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Inventors: ADAMS MARK WILLIAM, ADAMS, MARK, WILLIAM
Applicants: ADAMS WILLIAM M, ADAMS, MARK, WILLIAM
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B60P1
IPC codes: B60P1, B60P3, B65D90, B65G67