Grass cutting machines

Abstract: In more detail the machine comprises a housing (1) including a cutting chamber (3) opening towards ground datum (GD), a grass cutter (5) mounted in the cutting chamber (3), a power source (7), a drive line (6) drivingly connecting the power source (7) and the grass cutter (5), a removable grass collector (GB), access means (10) affording access between the cutting chamber (3) and the grass collector (GB), at least one fan (8) for producing a stream of pressurised air, means for directing the pressurised air into the cutting chamber (3) for conveying grass cuttings from the cutting chamber (3) through the access means (10) into the grass collector (GB), a filter (F) for retaining the grass cuttings in the grass collector (GB) and ducting for directing the so filtered air to the fan (8) for recirculation.

Description: This invention relates to grass cutting machines. Throughout this specification and claims, the term "grass cutting machine" is used to include domestic lawn mowers and commercial grass cutting machines normally used for cutting larger areas of grass such as sports fields and parkland as well as grass verges. There are two main types of grass cutting machine currently in production namely (1) a machine including a cutting system rotatable about an axis which is substantially vertical relative to ground datum, and (2) a machine having a cylindrical cutting unit which includes a plurality of blades and which, in operation, is rotatable about an axis which is substantially parallel to ground datum, i.e. horizontal. Type (1) machines may be supported relative to ground datum by a cushion of air (commonly called a hover machine), by wheels (commonly called a wheeled rotary machine) or a combination thereof. A rear roller may also be used in order to produce a striped effect upon cut grass. Type (2) is normally supported on a combination of wheels and rollers. However, in prior US Patent No. 4,738,086, there is described and claimed a type (2) machine which is supported on a cushion of air. Collection of grass cut by any type of grass cutting machine is a problem confronting all design engineers working in this field and, in our prior European Patent No. 0037871, B1 there is described and claimed a lawn mower of the type which in operation is supported by a cushion of air and has a knife rotatable about a vertical axis and a fan wheel rotatable about the same axis, the fan wheel and the knife being shrouded by a hood, the mower having a rim around the hood and the hood having one,or more than one, opening for air to the air cushion, characterised in that at least a part of the air stream to the fan wheel before reaching the fan wheel is used to pick up and transport grass, leaves and the like from the ground to a collecting chamber in the mower, the collecting chamber having means for separating grass from air. Prior US Patent No. 3,293,836 (Reissued under No. Re 26,816) granted to Sherman C. Heth discloses an air supported lawn mower falling within a hover type 1 machine mentioned above. In more detail, the Heth mower comprises a wheeless housing having a skirt extending around the lower edge thereof and having an air-inlet opening in the upper portion thereof, a motor disposed above said housing and including rotatable shaft extending therethrough, a grass cutter mounted on said shaft and including grass-cutting blades, air-blowing blades mounted on said grass cutter and disposed above said grass-cutting blades and being oriented toward said skirt for blowing air toward said skirt and air-supporting said mower off the ground, and a shroud mounted on said mower and extending over said housing and being spaced thereabove and with said shroud extending from adjacent said skirt to adjacent said air-inlet opening for receiving air passing said skirt and directing it to said air-inlet opening. It will be appreciated that the Heth mower comprises a double skinned housing - sometimes called a hood - constructed so that the inner skin partially defines a cutting chamber in which both the grass-cutting blades and the air blowing blades are mounted whereas a space between the blades defines an air passage for directing pressurised air from within the cutting chamber back to the inlet. A specific object of the Heth mower is stated to provide an air-supported lawn mower wherein the air pressure is created by an improved means, and wherein the air pressure is conserved and employed in recycling of the air so that a more efficient mower will be provided, and the air will not be blasted out from the mower housing to create the usual dust and like problems of the escaping air in ground effect machines. The Heth mower does not disclose means for collecting mown grass or other debris such as leaves etc. European Patent Publication No. 0045177 Al, (Birmid Qualcast) (closest prior art) also discloses a double-skinned mower of type 1 as mentioned above and includes a facility for collecting mown grass and other lawn debris such as leaves etc. The Qualcast mower includes a cutter mounted beneath a deck for rotation about a generally vertical axis, the cutter being disposed in an open-bottomed cutting chamber. An impeller produces a generally downward flow of pressurised air around the outside of the cutting chamber and a proportion of this air flows into the chamber around the bottom bounding edge of the chamber. Air flows out of the cutting chamber through an exit opening communicating with a discharge chute so that grass cuttings are discharged into the chute without interfering with the flow of lift air. The form and nature of a grass collection device into which grass is ejected from the discharge device is not disclosed. However, from a technical point of view, in order to reduce back pressure building up in the device, means must be provided in the grass collection device to allow pressurised air to escape from the collection device. Conventionally, the pressurised air is permitted to escape from the collection device through slots in the device or by making the device from a perforated, for example, a woven material. It is an object of the present invention to produce a mower which affords improved grass cutting/debris collection with an attendant reduction in dust and the fine air-laden debris escaping into the atmosphere immediately surrounding a mower, thereby reducing potential respiratory problems for a user of the machine. The scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal cross-section of a rotary hover grass cutting machine; and Figure 2 is a similar view of a wheel supported rotary grass cutting machine. Referring to Figure 1, a housing 1 is supported within an outer shroud 2 to form an air chamber AC therebetween. The housing 1 includes a cutting chamber 3 which opens towards ground datum GD. A rotatable grass cutter 5 is disposed within the cutting chamber 3 and mounted on output drive shaft 6 of a power source 7. Coaxial with the grass cutter 5 and also mounted on the drive shaft 6 is a fan 8 which is located as shown in the part of the air chamber AC above the housing 1. An air inlet 9 is formed in the housing 1 in the vicinity of the motor as shown. A detachable grass box GB is supported on the outer shroud 2 and access means 10 in the form of a duct establishes direct access between the cutting chamber 3 and the interior of the grass box GB. A fixed or removable filter F may be installed at a position in an aperture 12 of the outer shroud 2 or in an aperture 13 of the grass box GB. Alternatively, the filter F may be positioned at any suitable position in the grass box, for example at a position indicated by line L-L. A handle not shown may be attached at any convenient position to the shroud 2. In use, operation of the power source which may be an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, drives the fan 8 and the grass cutter 5. The fan 8 draws air from the atmosphere and directs a pressurised stream of air downwardly through the air chamber AC. The air stream performs the following functions viz a. it establishes a cushion of air for supporting the mower, and b. together with the aid of the fan action of the grass cutter, assists in directing cut grass from the cutting chamber directly into the grass box via duct 10. c. As indicated by flow arrows X, the fan 8 draws air in which grass cuttings are entrained through the filter F and the air is recirculated as indicated. Recirculation of the pressurised air in a substantially closed loop serves not only to greatly assist in the collection of grass cuttings and other debris (e.g. leaves) but also, at least substantially reduces the tendency for dust to escape from the cutting chamber, shroud and grass box and adversely affecting the respiratory system of a user. Figure 2 shows a wheeled rotary grass cutting machine employing a similar closed circuit and recycling air system as in Figure 1. In this machine, however, a conventional semi-volute shaped cutting chamber VC is employed having an exit chute 20 for leading entrained grass cuttings directly into the grass box GB. A filter F is located as shown across the grass box to filter the grass cuttings from the pressurised air stream which is drawn into recirculation by the fan 8 through aperture 21. The recirculated air entering through the aperture 21 supplements ambient air drawn into the machine through inlet 9. For convenience and where appropriate, the same reference numerals have been used on the two figures for corresponding parts.

Claims: A grass cutting machine comprising a housing (1) defining a cutting chamber (3) opening towards ground datum, a grass cutter (5) mounted in the cutting chamber (3) for rotation about a substantially vertical axis, a power source (7), a drive line (6) drivingly connecting the power source (7) and the grass cutter (5), a removable grass collector (GB), access means (10) affording direct access between the cutting chamber (3) and the grass collector (GB), at least one fan (8) for producing a stream of pressurised air, and means for directing the pressurised air into the cutting chamber (3) for conveying grass cuttings from the cutting chamber (3) through the access means (10) directly into the grass collector (GB), characterised by a filter (F) for retaining the grass cuttings in the grass collector (GB) and by ducting for directing the so filtered air from the grass collector (GB) to the fan (8) for recirculation into the cutting chamber (3). A grass cutting machine comprising a housing defining a cutting chamber (VC) opening towards ground datum, a grass cutter (5) mounted in the cutting chamber (VC) for rotation about a substantially vertical axis, a power source, a drive line drivingly connecting the power source and the grass cutter (5), a removable grass collector (GB), access means (20) affording direct access between the cutting chamber (VC) and the grass collector (GB), at least one fan (8) for producing a stream of pressurised air, the housing being shaped to form means for directing the pressurised air through the cutting chamber (VC) for conveying grass cuttings from the cutting chamber (VC) through the access means (20) directly into the grass collector (GB), wherein a filter (F) for retaining the grass cuttings in the grass collector (GB) and ducting for directing the so filtered air from the grass collector (GB) to the fan (8) for recirculation into the cutting chamber (VC) is provided. A machine according to claim 1, characterised by means for constraining the stream of pressurised air to flow downwardly and externally of the housing (1) to form an air cushion for supporting the machine above ground datum (GD). A machine according to claim 3, characterised by an outer shroud (2) substantially surrounding the housing (1) and forming an air chamber (AC) therebetween through which chamber the stream of pressurised air is downwardly directed to form the air cushion and to enter the cutting chamber (3). A machine according to claim 4, characterised in that the fan (8) is mounted within the air chamber (AC) and wherein the outer shroud (2) includes an inlet (9) for air to be pressurised by the fan (8). A machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that air from the air chamber (AC) is drawn into the cutting chamber (3) by a pressure imbalance created during recirculation of pressurised air from the grass collector (GB). A machine according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the air chamber (AC) constitutes the directing means. A machine according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 8, characterised in that the access means is defined by a duct leading from the cutting chamber (3) to the grass collector (GB). A machine according to claim 2, characterised in that the directing means is further constituted by the grass cutter (5). A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the filter (F) is mounted within grass collector (GB). A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the filter (F) is mounted in the ducting for directing filtered air from the grass collector (GB) to the fan (F) for recirculation. A machine according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the filter (F) is removably supported in the grass collector (GB) or the ducting. A machine according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the fan (8) and the grass cutter (5) are mounted coaxially on an output drive shaft (6) of the power source (7). A machine according to any preceding claim, characterised by wheels for supporting the same on the ground. A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a roller. A machine according to any one of preceding claims, characterised in that the access means includes an aperture in the housing (1). A machine according to any one of claims 2 and 9 to 15, wherein the cutting chamber (3,VC) has a semi volute configuration having an exit chute defining the access means (10,20) into the grass collector (GB).

Inventors: BOWDEN MICHAEL, STOCKER MALCOLM, BOWDEN, MICHAEL, STOCKER, MALCOLM
Applicants: ELECTROLUX OUTDOOR PROD LTD, ELECTROLUX OUTDOOR PRODUCTS LIMITED
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A01D43
IPC codes: A01D34, A01D43