Tension adjusting device for escalator or moving walkway handrails

Abstract: An escalator (2) or moving walkway has a moving handrail (12). A handrail tensioning device (30) is mounted so as to engage the handrail (12). A first adjustment means (62,60) moves the tensioning device (30) so as to remove all handrail slack from the handrail loop. A second adjustment means (56) moves the tensioning device (30) to a second predetermined position to impart optimum slack to the handrail (12) whereby handrail friction and heat is minimized during operation of the escalator (2) or moving walkway.

Description: This invention relates to the adjustment of handrail tension in a moving handrail system in an escalator, moving walkway or the like. In particular, but not exclusively, this invention relates to the provision of an optimum amount of slack in the handrail so as to enable operation of the handrail with minimum friction generation. Escalator and moving walkway handrails travel over a continuous path which is defined by handrail guides both above and below the balustrades of the conveyor and on both the entry and exit landing balustrade newels. The handrails are typically powered by some sort of nip-type drive or other form of traction, wherein the handrail continuously moves through a drive nip which may be formed by opposed roller sets, opposed belt sets, or a combination of rollers and belt, or around a traction roller. U.S. Patent 2,660,286 granted November 24, 1953 to S. G. Mayes illustrates the latter type of drive. In moving handrail systems, there is an inherent problem relating to handrail tension, in that sufficient tension must be maintained to keep the handrail movement smooth and to keep the drive nip pressure at an optimum level, while at the same time, sufficient handrail slack must be maintained to hold system friction down to acceptable levels. In escalator and moving walkway systems which are assembled in the field, the achievement of an optimum tension/slack condition in the handrails is largely the result of guesswork. Readjustment of the handrail after servicing, replacement or repairs of any part of the handrail system in the field is also an inexact procedure. In US-A-2885057 (Hansen), the tension in a handrail for an escalator is adjusted by varying the number of wheels around which it runs, and thus the length of travel. Fine adjustments of the tensions can be made with a tensioning wheel. There is no provision of any means to indicate when the handrail is in a desired tension state. In US-A-3621970 (Johnson et al), the tension in a handrail for a conveyor is adjustable by means of a spring tension device, but again there is no provision of any means to indicate when the handrail is in a desired tension state. According to one aspect of the invention there is provided an escalator or moving walkway handrail tensioning adjusting device mountable on a support of said escalator or moving walkway, said adjusting device comprising first adjustment means for moving handrail tensioning means against said handrail so as to achieve a first condition in which substantially all handrail slack has been removed from the closed loop, means indicating that said first condition has been achieved, second adjustment means for moving said tensioning means to a position in which a second condition of predetermined handrail slack is achieved, and means indicating that said second condition has been achieved. According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method for adjusting tension in a closed loop escalator or moving walkway handrail to provide an optimal frictional operating state in the handrail, said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a movable handrail guiding assembly; b) providing an adjustment assembly for providing controlled positioning of the guiding assembly, said adjustment assembly including spring means; c) manipulating said adjustment assembly so as to move said guiding assembly in a first direction sufficiently to produce a predetermined first degree of compression of said spring means which indicates that said handrail has reached a slack-free state; and d) manipulating said adjustment assembly further to move said guiding assembly in a second direction opposite to said first direction sufficiently to produce a predetermined second degree of further compression of said spring which indicates that said handrail has reached said optimal frictional operating state. Embodiments of the invention relate to the adjustment of escalator or moving walkway handrail tension to provide an optimum tension/slack balance for handrail operating performance and more particularly, to a device which is mounted on the escalator or walkway truss, which can be used to produce an optimum and repeatable handrail tension/slack balance in the factory and in the field. The system may include a handrail tensioning device, such as a roller bow, which is adjustable and which can be manipulated to produce the optimum handrail tension/slack balance for the system. The device may be first adjusted to tension the handrail so as to remove substantially all of the slack therefrom. The slack-free state may then be calibrated on the device so that the device will indicate to the assembler or mechanic when the slack-free state is reached. This calibration may be the result of empirical testing performance at the factory, and not be dependent on the length of the escalator or walkway. The device may then be manipulated to lower the handrail tension until the optimum amount of handrail slack is reached. The optimum slack condition may be also calibrated on the device and also determined empirically at the factory. Once the optimum slack condition is achieved, the device may be operable to maintain the same setting during subsequent operation of the escalator or walkway. Thus embodiments of invention may provide a moving handrail adjustment system which imparts optimum operating slack to the handrail. Additionally or alternatively, embodiments of the invention may provide an adjustment system which is precalibrated from empirical data and which can be used properly without special training. Embodiments of the invention may provide an adjustment system of the character described which is a permanent component of the escalator or walkway. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of an escalator showing the path of travel of the handrail thereon; Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the handrail tension adjusting device on the truss of the escalator with the device being shown in its slack-free position; and Fig. 3 is a side elevational view similar to Fig. 2 but showing the tension adjusting device in its optimum slack position. Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a somewhat schematic illustration of an escalator which is denoted generally by the numeral 2. The escalator 2 has upper and lower landings 4 and 6 respectively, and a plurality of balustrade panels 8 separated by balustrade posts 10. A moving handrail 12 is mounted on a guide rail or track 14 which is mounted on the balustrade panels 8, the latter being typically made from glass in the more modern escalators. The handrail 12 moves along the top of the balustrades 8, around landing newels 16, and through skirt openings 18 to an area beneath the escalator treads where the escalator truss is disposed. The area beneath the treads defines the return path of the handrail and is where the handrail drive is located. The handrail drive will typically include a handrail-engaging drive wheel 20 which engages the underneath, or inner surface of the handrail 12. A backup belt 22 mounted on idlers 24 will typically be used to press the handrail 12 against the drive wheel 20. The drive wheel 20 will typically be connected to and powered by the main drive motor, which is an electric motor. The handrail tensioning device is indicated generally by the numeral 30. Figs. 2 and 3 show details of the tensioning device 30. The device 30 includes a bow plate 32 on which are journaled a plurality of handrail guide rollers 34. The guide rollers 34 form a curved path of travel for the handrail 12 (shown in phantom). A pair of guide plates 36 and 38 are mounted on the escalator truss 40. Each guide plate 36 and 38 includes a horizontally elongated slot 42 and 44 respectively in which pins 46 and 48 mounted on the bow plate 32 are slidably disposed. The plate 32 and rollers 34 can thus move to the left and right along the truss 40. A first bracket 50 is mounted on the bow plate 32 adjacent to the pin 46. A second bracket 52 is mounted on the truss 40 opposite first bracket 50. A threaded rod 54 is fixed to the bracket 52 and extends through the bracket 50, but is not fixed to the latter. An adjustment nut 56 is mounted on the rod 54 and bears against the bracket 50. A cup 58 is fixed to the rod 54 by means of nuts 60, and the cup 58 contains a spring 62 which is mounted on the rod 54. The spring 62 is sandwiched between the cup 58 and the bracket 50 and serves as a connection between the two elements. The assembly is adjusted so as to remove all of the slack in the handrail 12 by rotating the nuts 60 on the rod 54 so as to advance the cup toward the bracket 50. This jacking movement of the cup 58 causes the spring 62 to move the bow plate 32 and rollers 34 to the left in Fig. 2 so as to tighten the handrail 12. When the gap between the cup 58 and the bracket 50 reaches a predetermined empirical size D, the adjuster will know that the handrail 12 has been tightened to the degree necessary to remove all of the slack from the handrail loop. At that point, the adjuster tightens the adjustment nut 56 onto the rod 54 so as to compress the spring 62 sufficiently to move the bracket 50 toward and against the cup 58, as shown in Fig. 3. This adjustment pulls the bow plate 32 and rollers 34 back to the right, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, so as to reinsert a predetermined amount of slack into the handrail 12. The slack imparted to the handrail 12 by the adjustment will be proportional to the distance D and will be empirically calculated to be the optimum slack for operating the handrail 12. Once these optimum conditions are determined, field personnel will consistently be able to make the necessary adjustments to the handrail in the field without having to guesstimate the amount of slack that is imparted to the handrail. In a system using a spring, many different spring configurations can be used. The need is for the spring to impart a force of approximately 100 lb. to remove the handrail slack. The spring must also then have the capability to compress the distance after imposing the 100 lb force. The distance D has been calculated as being between 35 and 40 mm. It will be appreciated that the adjustment system of this invention will allow field personnel to install, service, and repair escalators and their handrail assemblies, while enabling them to adjust or readjust the handrail when finished to impart optimum handrail operating slack to the handrail. The only information needed is to know the value of the gap distance D, which is empirically calculated at the factory and communicated with field personnel. An adjusting device that "pulls" rather than "pushes" the bow plate can also be used in embodiments of the invention. Since many changes and variations of the disclosed embodiment of the invention may be made without departing from the inventive concept, it is not intended to limit the invention otherwise than as required by the appended claims.

Claims: An escalator or moving walkway handrail tensioning adjusting device (30) mountable on a support of said escalator or moving walkway (2), said adjusting device comprising first adjustment means (60) for moving handrail tensioning means (30) against said handrail (12) so as to achieve a first condition in which substantially all handrail slack has been removed from the closed loop, means indicating that said first condition has been achieved, second adjustment means (56) for moving said tensioning means (30) to a position in which a second condition of predetermined handrail slack is achieved, and means indicating that said second condition has been achieved. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first adjustment means comprises a spring (62) for biasing said tensioning means (30) against said handrail; and first means (60) for moving said spring (62) against said tensioning means (30) to move said tensioning means (30) relative to the support, and to compress said spring (62) to a degree which creates said first indication. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said complementary adjustment means comprises second means (56) acting in opposition to said first means (60), said second means (56) being operable to move said tensioning means (30) relative to the support to impart slack to the handrail (12) and to compress said spring (62) further to a degree which creates said second indication. A device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a) a plate (32) mountable on said support for reciprocal sliding movement relative to said support; b) a plurality of guide rollers (34) mounted on said plate (32), said guide rollers (34) arranged to contact said handrail (12) to guide movement of the latter; c) first means (60) mountable on said support and engaging said plate (32), said first means (60) being operable to move said plate (32) and said guide rollers (34) in a handrail-tightening direction to a slack-free position to render said handrail (12) substantially slack-free throughout its loop; and d) second means (56) connectable to said support and operable to move said plate (32) and said guide rollers (34) from said slack-free position in an opposite handrail-slackening direction to impart to said handrail (12) a predetermined optimal degree of slack which allows said handrail (12) to move over its guiding and driving system under optimal frictional conditions. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said first means (60) comprises spring means (62) which engages said plate (32), said spring means (62) being operable to compress to a first predetermined degree when said handrail (12) is in its slack-free condition so as to provide a first indication that said slack-free condition has been achieved. A device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said second means (56) is operable to further compress said spring means (62) to a second predetermined degree to provide a second indication that said optimal degree of slack has been achieved. An escalator or moving walkway assembly (12) comprising a truss, means (14,16,18,20) mounted on said truss for defining a closed loop path of travel for a moving handrail (12), a handrail (12) mounted on said path defining means (14,16,18,20), handrail tensioning means (30) mounted on said truss and engaging said handrail (12), and a handrail tensioning adjusting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6. A method for adjusting tension in a closed loop escalator or moving walkway handrail (12) to provide an optimal frictional operating state in the handrail (12), said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a movable handrail guiding assembly (30); b) providing an adjustment assembly for providing controlled positioning of the guiding assembly (30), said adjustment assembly including spring means (62); c) manipulating said adjustment assembly so as to move said guiding assembly (30) in a first direction sufficiently to produce a predetermined first degree of compression of said spring means (62) which indicates that said handrail (12) has reached a slack-free state; and d) manipulating said adjustment assembly further to move said guiding assembly (30) in a second direction opposite to said first direction sufficiently to produce a predetermined second degree of further compression of said spring (62) which indicates that said handrail (12) has reached said optimal frictional operating state.

Inventors: JOHNSON GERALD, MCCLEMENT ARTHUR, RIVERA JAMES, JOHNSON, GERALD, MCCLEMENT, ARTHUR, RIVERA, JAMES
Applicants: OTIS ELEVATOR CO, OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B66B23
IPC codes: B66B23