Hydroxylated milk glycerides

Abstract: Hydroxylated milk glycerides having low levels of ethylenic unsaturation are disclosed. The hydroxylated milk glycerides can have enhanced resistance to rancidification and as such, are suitable for use in personal care compositions e.g., lotions, skin creams, lipsticks, eye shadow, and makeup. Personal care compositions comprising the hydroxylated milk glycerides can have enhanced properties as compared to personal care compositions which do not comprise the hydroxylated milk glycerides or alternatively comprise milk fat.

Description: The present invention relates to milk glycerides and, more specifically, to hydroxylated milk glycerides useful, for example, in personal care compositions. Milk fat (also commonly known as butter fat or butter oil) comprises the oily portions of the milk of mammals. Cow's milk, which is a common source of milk fat, contains approximately four weight percent milk fat. Milk fat is comprised primarily of triglycerides, e.g., about 98 weight percent, although some diglycerides and monoglycerides may also be present. The fatty acids from the glycerides in milk fat typically contain from 4 to 18 carbon atoms. In addition, typically about 30 to 40 weight percent of the fatty acids are unsaturated, i.e., contain one or more double bonds. Low-fat and skim milk-based products are made by removing milk fat from whole milk. As a result of the high commercial demand for low-fat and skim milk-based products, there is currently a large supply of milk fat which is available for other uses. Various components of milk have been proposed for use in personal care compositions. For example, the protein fractions of milk are known to have the ability to hydrate skin and help retain water. Whey proteins are known to have good gelling properties. Casein is often used in personal care compositions for its emulsification and foaming properties. Even whole milk is used to enhance the cleansing effect of surfactants in personal care compositions. The use of milk fat also has been proposed in personal care compositions by U. Delbene, "Cosmetic Butter Oil - New Developments and Recent Derivatives", Cosmetics and Toiletries , Vol. 95, January 1980. However, the use of milk fat in personal care compositions has been limited due to problems with rancidity which can cause off-color, offensive odor and poor taste in the personal care compositions such as, for example, in lipsticks. The rancidification of milk fat is dependent on the action of two kinds of chemical transformation: lipolysis and autoxidation. Lipolysis is the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of glyceride esters and is associated in dairy products with the appearance of rancid flavor due to the accumulation of free fatty acids. Lipases are the enzymes capable of catalyzing this hydrolysis and are often dormant until stimulated by a change in the milk, such as dilution, mechanical, thermal or chemical reaction. The enzyme activity can be decreased by the use of small amounts of salt and by pasteurization treatment. Ultraviolet and gamma ionizing radiations also deactivate lipase by chemical modification of the enzyme. Autoxidation occurs by a free-radical chain mechanism which includes initiation, propagation and termination, resulting in the formation of hydroperoxides which can collapse to stable carbonyl and hydroxy compounds, or react with other components in the personal care composition. Some solutions to the problem of rancidification of milk fat have been proposed. For example, Israeli Patent No. IL 51011, issued February 29, 1980, discloses the addition of propylene glycol to personal care compositions based on milk or butter in which propylene glycol serves as a stabilizer to extend the shelf life of the composition. However, it is not always desirable to have propylene glycol present in personal care compositions since propylene glycol can cause skin irritation and sensitization. In addition, Japanese Patent No. JP 70001919, issued January 22, 1970, discloses deproteinized milk fat for use as a base for toiletries and pharmaceuticals wherein the milk fat is subjected to hydrogenation. The hydrogenated milk fat is reported to have a melting point of 60 to 70°C, which is generally higher than desired for components in personal care compositions. In addition, hydrogenated milk fat has a waxy feel, which can be undesirable in personal care compositions. In view of the current commercial availability of milk fat, new modified milk-fat products are desired which can provide increased resistance to rancidification. Such milk-fat products could be used, for example, in a variety of personal care compositions. By the present invention, hydroxylated milk glycerides are provided which can have enhanced resistance to rancidity, as compared to untreated milk fat. As such, the hydroxylated milk glycerides of the present invention are suitable for use in personal care compositions, such as, for example, lotions, skin creams, make-ups, lipsticks, eye shadows and conditioning agents for hair care. The raw material suitable for use in accordance with the present invention is milk fat. Milk fat is typically obtained from the manufacture of butter or the skimming process of milk. In general, milk fat is isolated from the cream fraction of milk by methods involving centrifugation, phase inversion, heating and drying. Milk fat can also be isolated from butter by heating the butter which causes it to separate into a fat fraction and a serum fraction. Further details concerning the isolation of milk fat from milk and butter are known in the art. Milk fat is commercially available from a variety of sources, such as, for example, Land O' Lakes, Inc., Arden Hills, MN. Generally, milk fat is comprised of glycerides, primarily triglycerides, e.g., greater than 95 weight percent triglycerides. Upon hydrolysis, the milk fat typically contains (a) from about 1 to 10 weight percent of fatty acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms; (b) from about 5 to 30 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 9 to 14 carbon atoms; and (c) from about 60 to 94 weight percent of fatty acids containing about 15 to 20 carbon atoms. Thus, as used herein, the reference to fatty acids means the fatty acids that result from the hydrolysis of the glycerides in the milk fat in addition to any free fatty acids which may be present. Typical fatty acids in the 4 to 8 carbon atom range include butyric acid, caproic acid, and caprylic acid. Typical fatty acids in the 9 to 14 carbon atom range include capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid. Typical fatty acids in the 15 to 20 carbon atom range include palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Often, about 30 to 40 weight percent of the fatty acids in milk fat is unsaturated, i.e., contains one or more double bonds. Most, if not all, of the unsaturated fatty acids are in the 15 to 20 carbon atom range, e.g., palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Levels of unsaturation in fatty acids, such as contained in milk fat, are generally measured by determining the Iodine Value. The Iodine Value is a measure of the degree of unsaturation and is expressed as grams of iodine absorbed per 100 grams of the material. The procedure for determining Iodine Value is known in the art and described, for example, in Analytical Test Methods, Test No. AATM 112-2, Amerchol Corporation, issued March 1, 1978. Typical Iodine Values for the milk fat raw material used in the present invention exceed 25 and often range from about 30 to 40. Another parameter often used to characterize the level of unsaturation is known as the "moles of ethylenic unsaturation". The moles of ethylenic unsaturation are determined by dividing the Iodine Value by the molecular weight of molecular iodine, i.e. 253.8 grams per gram mole, which yields moles of ethylenic unsaturation per mole of iodine per 100 grams of material. Typically, the milk fat will have greater than 0.10 moles of ethylenic unsaturation (per 100 grams of milk fat). In addition, the milk fat will typically have a Saponification Value of at least about 210 and typically from about 215 to 245, although lower and higher values are within the scope of the invention. The Saponification Value is a measure of the free acid and saponifiable ester groups. It is expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the esters contained in one gram of the milk fat. Methods for determining Saponification Value are known in the art and described for example, in Analytical Test Methods, Test Number AATM 110-1 Amerchol Corporation, issued June 1, 1989. The hydroxylated milk glycerides of the present invention are prepared by hydroxylating the milk fat raw material. In general, the milk fat is contacted with an organic per-acid which yields an epoxide ring, also known as oxirane ring, across the former double bond. The resulting epoxides are further reacted, either in the epoxidation medium by continuing the reaction or they are isolated and separately reacted in a second step, to hydroxylate at least a portion of the epoxides. The resulting compound is a hydroxy ester or a dihydroxy (1,2-diol) glyceride. The epoxidation step is generally conducted at a temperature from about 40 to 60°C. The hydroxylation step is generally conducted at a temperature from about 60 to 90°C. When the hydroxylation step is conducted by continuing the reaction in the epoxidation medium, the temperature is preferably increased from about 40 to 60°C to about 60 to 90°C when the epoxidation reaction is at or near completion. Further details concerning oxidation and hydroxylation are known in the art and disclosed, for example, by M. Hudlicky, "Oxidations in Organic Chemistry", ACS Monograph 186 , American Chemical Society (1990). As with the milk fat raw material, the hydroxylated milk glyceride prepared in accordance with the present invention comprises a) from about 1 to 10 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms; b) from about 5 to 30 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 9 to 14 carbon atoms; and c) from about 60 to 94 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 15 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the fatty acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms are selected from the group consisting of butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid and mixtures thereof; the fatty acids containing 9 to 14 carbon atoms are selected from the group consisting of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and mixtures thereof; and the fatty acids containing 15 to 20 carbon atoms are selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid, stearic acid and the epoxidized or hydroxylated reaction products of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and mixtures thereof. In addition, like milk fat, the hydroxylated milk glyceride of the present invention is preferably comprised of at least about 95 weight percent triglycerides and more preferably at least about 98% triglycerides, with the balance comprising monoglycerides and diglycerides. However, unlike milk fat, the hydroxylated milk glyceride of the present invention will have a reduced degree of unsaturation. Typically, the hydroxylated milk glyceride will have less than about 0.1 moles of ethylenic unsaturation, preferably less than 0.05 moles of ethylenic unsaturation and, most preferably, less than 0.01 moles of ethylenic unsaturation. Similarly the Iodine Value of the hydroxylated milk glycerides will be reduced as compared to milk fat. Preferably, the Iodine Value will be less than 10, more preferably less than 5, and most preferably between about 0.1 and 2.0. As a result of the hydroxylation procedure, at least 10 percent of the fatty acids having about 15 to 20 carbon atoms will contain hydroxyl groups. Preferably, at least about 25 weight percent and more preferably at least about 40 weight percent of the fatty acids containing about 15 to 20 carbon atoms will contain hydroxyl groups. Hence, if for example, 70% of the fatty acids in the hydroxylated milk glyceride contain about 15 to 20 carbon atoms, then at least about 7 weight percent of the total fatty acid content will contain hydroxyl groups. Moreover, it is preferred that the hydroxyl content be effective to inhibit rancidification of the hydroxylated milk glyceride when stored at from about 15 to 30°C for at least 1 month, and more preferably, for at least one year. Preferably the Hydroxyl Value of the hydroxylated milk glyceride will be greater than 10, more preferably greater than 20, and most preferably between about 20 and 80. The Hydroxyl Value is a parameter commonly used to characterize the number of hydroxyl groups present on the fatty acid. The Hydroxyl Value is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide necessary to neutralize acetic acid which results from acetylation of one gram of material. Methods for determining Hydroxyl Value are known in the art and described, for example, in Analytical Test Methods, Test No. AATM 111A-1, Amerchol Corporation, issued March 1, 1978. Quite surprisingly, in accordance with the present invention, it has been found that the presence of some epoxide groups, i.e., oxirane rings, in combination with the hydroxyl groups can impart beneficial properties to the hydroxylated milk glycerides, particularly when used in personal care compositions. The amount of epoxide groups present in the hydroxylated milk glyceride will depend on the desired properties of the end use composition. Hence, the properties of the hydroxylated milk glyceride can be tailored to meet the requirements of the end use product, e.g., personal care composition, in question. The adjustment of the ratio of hydroxyl groups to epoxide groups can be readily made by controlling the extent of the hydroxylation reaction during the preparation procedure. In accordance with the present invention, at least a portion of the fatty acids containing from 15 to 20 carbon atoms will preferably contain epoxide groups. Generally, the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups to epoxide groups will preferably be at least 2:1 and more preferably be at least 4:1. However, occasionally the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups to epoxide groups will preferably be less than 2:1 and more preferably less than 1:1. A parameter generally used to characterize the epoxide content of fatty acids is the Epoxide Value which is calculated by determining the percent oxirane oxygen and multiplying the percent oxirane oxygen by 35.1. The value of 35.1 is determined by dividing the equivalent weight of potassium hydroxide, i.e., 56.1 grams per gram mole, by the equivalent weight of oxygen, i.e., 16 grams per gram mole, and multiplying by 10 (1000/100). The Epoxide Value is expressed as milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of material. The percent oxirane oxygen is determined by titrating the oxygen with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. This test is known in the art and described, for example, in Sampling and Analysis of Commercial Fats and Oils, A.O.C.S. Official Method C.d 9-57 (1988). Typically, the hydroxylated milk glycerides will have an Epoxide Value greater than one and preferably greater than about 10. Preferably, the ratio of Hydroxyl Value to Epoxide Value will be from about 0.05:1 to 30:1 and more preferably from about 0.2:1 to 20:1. Preferably the hydroxylated milk glycerides of the present invention will have a melting point of less than about 60°C, preferably from about 20 to 50° and more preferably from about 25 to 40°C. The hydroxylated milk glycerides of the present invention are particularly useful as ingredients in personal care compositions, such as, for example, compositions for the retention of oils, perfumes, emollients, and the like; hair and skin compositions including lotions, creams, make-ups, lipsticks, eye shadows, soaps, cleansers, sun screens, shampoos, rinses, conditioners, anti-dandruff aids; carriers for active agents; and dispersants. Without wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the presence of the low molecular weight fatty acids, i.e., in the C 4 to C 8 carbon range and in the C 9 to C 14 carbon range, in the hydroxylated milk glycerides substantially contribute to the enhancement of desirable personal care attributes, such as, after-feel, dispersiblity, emolliency, emulsifiability, gloss, lubricity, moisturizing ability, smoothness, emulsion stability, rub-in, pigment wetting and viscosity. In contrast, it is believed that the use of high molecular weight fatty acids, e.g., oleic acid, in personal care compositions without the presence of the above lower molecular weight fatty acids would not provide the same degree of enhancement in the above properties. Thus, it is believed that personal care compositions comprising oils based on lard, tallow, coconut, soya bean, peanut, safflower, cottonseed or corn would not have the appropriate distribution of fatty acids, i.e., including the low molecular weight fatty acids which are uniquely present in milk fat, to provide the beneficial properties of the personal care compositions of the present invention. In general, the amount of the hydroxylated milk glyceride, or derivative thereof, present in the personal care compositions will range from about 0.1 to 99 weight percent. The specific concentration will, of course, depend upon the particular end use composition. Preferably, however, the personal care composition comprises from about 0.1 to 20 weight percent of the hydroxylated milk glyceride. Furthermore, it is preferred that the hydroxylated milk glyceride be present in the personal care composition in an amount effective to enhance at least one of the following properties of the composition; after-feel, dispersability, emolliency, emulsifiability, gloss, lubricity, moisturizing ability, smoothness, emulsion stability, rub-in, pigment wetting and viscosity. In addition to the concentration of the hydroxylated milk glyceride, the ratio of hydroxyl groups to epoxide groups is preferably adjusted in accordance with the present invention to enhance at least one of the above-described properties. The balance of the personal care composition comprises a suitable carrier, or mixtures of carriers, which acts as a fluid vehicle for the composition. The balance of the composition can be the carrier either alone or in combination with suitable, optional ingredients. The type of carrier is not critical and may be selected from any carrier suitable to the particular end use composition. Illustrative carriers include, for example: water, such as deionized or distilled water; emulsions, such as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions; alcohols, such as ethanol, isopropanol or the like; glycols, such as propylene glycol, glycerine or the like; and combinations thereof. Preferred carriers include water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions, water, ethanol and aqueous ethanol mixtures. Optional ingredients or additives which may be added to the composition can be selected from any suitable substance which may be used for personal care compositions, such as, for example, surfactants, cleansing oils, moisturizers, preservatives, conditioners, pH adjustors, emulsifiers, propellants, reducing agents and thickeners. Illustrative surfactants include, for example: anionics including soaps or salts of fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, sarcosinates, alkyl glucose esters or their alkoxylates; nonionics including methyl glucose stearates or their ethoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides, and glycerol monostearate, fatty acid alkanol amides, alkyl aryl polyglycol ether, polyglycol ethers; cationics including alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts, quaternized amides of ethylene diamine, alkyl pyridinium salts and in particular cetrimonium chloride, stearalkonium chloride and cetyl pyridinium chloride; and amphoterics including alkyl β-aminopropionates, betaines, alkyl imidazolines; and polymeric cationics such as polyquaternium-10 or polyquaternium-24. Illustrative cleansing oils or the like include natural oils, alcohols and branched chain alkyl esters. Illustrative colorants include pigments and dyes. Illustrative preservatives include alcohols, aldehydes, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone and p-hydroxybenzoates. Illustrative moisturizers include 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid and its salts and esters, alkyl glucose alkoxylates or their esters, fatty alcohols, fatty esters and glycols. Illustrative conditioners include stearalkonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride, lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyldimonium chloride, and polymeric cationics such as polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-24 and chitosan and derivatives thereof. Illustrative pH adjustors include inorganic and organic acids and bases. Illustrative emulsifiers include anionic and nonionic surfactants. Illustrative propellants include hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, ethers, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and dimethyl ether. Illustrative reducing agents include ammonium thioglycolate, hydroquinone and sodium thioglycolate. Illustrative thickeners include salts and cellulosics and in particular sodium chloride, water soluble cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, associative thickening polymers, acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross polymers and water-soluble polymers, e.g., acrylic acid allyl ether copolymers such as carbomer. Other typical ingredients include, for example, one or more of the following: fragrances; foaming agents; sunscreen and suntan agents; depilatory agents; flavors; astringent agents; antiseptics; deodorants; antiperspirants; insect repellants; bleaches and lighteners; anti-dandruff agents; adhesives; polishes; strengtheners; fillers; and barrier materials. The amount of optional ingredients contained in the composition is not critical and will vary depending upon the particular ingredient, composition and desired use level. The amount of optional ingredients effective for achieving the desired property provided by such ingredients can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. EXAMPLES The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. The following commercially available products were used in the examples. Promulgen® D a mixture of cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Amerchol L-101® a mixture of mineral oil and lanolin oil, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Carbopol 934 an acrylic acid/allyl ether copolymer, available from B. F. Goodrich Company, Brecksville, OH Carbopol 940 an acrylic acid/allyl ether copolymer, available from B. F. Goodrich Company, Brecksville, OH Germaben® II a mixture of propylene glycol, diazolidinyl urea, methylparaben and propylparaben available from Sutton Laboratories, Inc., Chatham, NJ Glucam® E-10 methyl gluceth-10, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Amerlate® P isopropyl lanolate, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ OHlan® hydroxylated lanolin, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Pigments iron oxide beige, available from Tricon Colors, Elmwood Park, NJ Propal isopropyl palmitate, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Beeswax USP beeswax, available from Strahl & Pitsch, Inc., West Babylon, NY Candelilla Wax candelilla wax, available from Strahl & Pitsch, Inc., West Babylon, NY Carnuba Wax carnuba wax, available from Strahl & Pitsch, Inc., West Babylon, NY Ozokerite ozokerite, available from Strahl & Pitsch, Inc., West Babylon, NY Pumice (0 1/2) particulate pumice available from American Pumice Co., Santa Fe, NM Glucam® P-20 PPG-20 methyl glucose ether, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Glucam® E-20 methyl gluceth-20, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Glucamate® SSE-20 PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Glucate® SS methyl glucose sesquistearate, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Carbomer 941 an acrylic acid/allyl ether copolymer, available from B. F. Goodrich Company, Brecksville, OH Glucate® DO methyl glucose dioleate, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Cellosize® HEC QP-15,000-H hydroxyethylcellulose, available from Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, CT Ucare® Polymer LK polyquaternium-10, available from Amerchol Corporation, Edison, NJ Veegum® Ultra a magnesium aluminum silicate, available from R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc., Norwalk, CT Geropon® AS-200 a mixture of sodium cocoyl isothionate and fatty acids, available from Rhone-Poulenc, Cranberry, NJ Miranol® C2M Conc. N.P. disodium Cocoaamphodiacetate available from Rhone-Poulenc, Cranberry, NJ STANDIPOL® ES-1 a 1-mole ethoxylate of sodium laureth sulfate, available from Henkel Corp., Hoboken, NJ Kathan® C.G. methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, available from Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA Liqua Par isopropyl paraben, isobutyl paraben and butyl paraben, available from Sutton Laboratories, Chatham, NJ Triton® X-100 Octoxynol-9, available from Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, CT Example 1 Process For Preparing Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride Approximately 800 grams of milk fat having a Saponification Value of 229.0, an Epoxide Value of of 0.35, a Hydroxyl Value of 3.14 and an Iodine Value of 35.1, obtained from Land O'Lakes, Inc. of Arden Hills, Minnesota, were heated to about 40°C and poured into 160 grams of heptane. The solution was stirred for one-half hour and the temperature was maintained between 35 and 40°C. About 45 grams of acetic acid were added to this mixture followed by 6.8 grams of a 50 percent aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. About 130 grams of a 50 percent aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution were added in small increments to the mixture over one hour. The temperature was then increased to about 57 to 60°C and stirred for six hours. The stirring was then stopped and the solution was allowed to settle. A lower aqueous layer and an upper heptane layer were formed. The lower aqueous layer was removed and the upper heptane layer was washed three times with hot water having a temperature of about 60°C. The washed heptane layer was then neutralized with a 45% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution to a pH of about 5 to 7. The heptane was then removed by distillation under vacuum and the reaction product was dried under vacuum at 100°C. The dried product was then steam-deodorized under vacuum conditions and filtered at about 50 to 60°C using diatomaceous earth. Approximately 795 grams of a white waxy product was recovered and had a Hydroxyl Value of 11.4, an Iodine Value of 0.99, a Saponification Value of 225.4 and an Epoxide Value of 62.4. The product had approximately 0.004 moles of ethylenic unsaturation. Example 2 Process For Preparing Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride Approximately 800 grams of milk fat having a Saponification Value of 229.0, an Epoxide Value of of 0.35, a Hydroxyl Value of 3.14 and an Iodine Value of 35.1, obtained from Land O'Lakes, Inc. of Arden Hills, Minnesota, was heated to about 40°C. About 150 grams of acetic acid were added to the milk fat followed by 7.8 grams of a 50 percent aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. About 130 grams of a 50 percent aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution were added in small increments to the mixture over one hour. The temperature was then increased to about 57 to 60°C and stirred for eight hours. About 160 grams of heptane were added and the reaction product was stirred for 5 minutes. The stirring was then stopped and the solution was allowed to settle. A lower aqueous layer and an upper heptane layer were formed. The lower aqueous layer was removed and the upper heptane layer was washed three times with hot water having a temperature of about 60°C. The washed heptane layer was then neutralized with a 45% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution to a pH of about 5 to 7. The heptane was then removed by distillation under vacuum and the reaction product was dried under vacuum at 100°C. The dried product was then steam-deodorized under vacuum conditions and filtered at about 50 to 60°C using diatomaceous earth. Approximately 815 grams of a white waxy product was recovered and had a Hydroxyl Value of 55.6, an Iodine Value of 2.5, a Saponification Value of 228.6 and an Epoxide Value of 2.8. The product had approximately 0.01 moles of ethylenic unsaturation. Example 3 Rancidity Test A 50 gram sample of the raw material milk fat referred to in Example 1 and a 50 gram sample of the hydroxylated milk glyceride prepared in Example 1 were placed in an oven maintained at about 45°C. After about 30 days the milk fat sample had an offensive odor which is characteristic of rancidification. The milk fat sample was accordingly unsuitable for use in a personal care composition. After 2 months, the hydroxylated milk glyceride sample was removed from the oven. The hydroxylated milk glyceride sample had no offensive odor and, thus, would be suitable for use in a personal care composition. Example 4 Properties of Milk Fat and Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride Samples Three hydroxylated milk glyceride samples were prepared generally following the procedure set forth in Example 1. The Epoxide Value, Hydroxyl Value, Iodine Value and Melting Point of each sample are listed in Table 1. Also included are the values for a sample of raw material milk fat. Sample Parameter Epoxide Value Hydroxyl Value Iodine Value Melting Point, °C I 49 10.7 8.9 26.8 II 62.5 12.0 2.7 31.0 III 62.8 14.0 0.5 24.6 IV 31.8 43.9 0.7 29.8 Milk Fat - 2.1 34.8 30.8 Samples I to IV and the Milk Fat Sample had the following fatty acid compositions as set forth below in Table 2. Concentration, Area Percent Fatty Acid Sample I Sample II Sample III Sample IV Milk Fat Sample Butyric 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.4 3.8 Caproic 2.2 1.8 3.0 2.3 2.3 Caprylic 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 Capric 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.2 Lauric 3.1 3.3 3.7 4.3 3.4 Myristic 10.3 11.2 12.3 14.5 11.2 Myristoleic 0.2 1.2 Palmitic 27.2 30.3 32.1 39.9 29.7 Palmitoleic 0.3 13.5 Oleic 5.5 25.8 Linoleic 0.1 2.8 Linolenic 0.1 0.6 Others 24.2 30.2 29.8 12.9 - Example 5 Preparation of Lotion Five lotion samples, L-1 to L-5, were prepared having the compositions set forth below in Table 3. Lotion Composition, Weight Percent Phase A L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 Promulgen®D 1.75% 1.75% 1.75% 1.75% 1.75% Mineral Oil, 70 vis. 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 Amerchol L-101® 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample I) - - 0.75 - - Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample II) 0.75 - - - - Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample III) - - - 0.75 - Milk Fat Sample - 0.75 - - - Phase B Deionized Water 73.50 73.50 73.50 73.50 74.25 Carbopol 934 (3% solution) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Triethanolamine (99%) (10% solution) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Germaben® II 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Viscosity, cps 10,000 14,000 10,000 12,000 - pH, 25°C 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 - The above lotions were prepared according to the following procedure. Phase B was prepared by heating a three weight percent aqueous solution of Carbopol 934 to 75°C and adding to it a ten weight percent solution of triethalanolamine. Then the Germaben® II and the deionizied water were added to the mixture of Carbopol 934 and triethanolamine to form Phase B. Phase A was prepared by mixing all of the ingredients at a temperature of 75°C until the mixture was uniform. At this point, Phase B was added to Phase A and mixed at 75°C for 15 minutes. The lotion was then allowed to cool to room temperature. Lotion L-5 contained no hydroxylated milk glycerides or milk fat and generally had the following characteristics when applied to the skin: wet application; whitening upon rub-in; and waxy after-feel. Lotion L-2 comprised milk fat and had generally better characteristics than lotion L-5 but also had: wet application; poor spreadability and slippery feel on rub-in; less whitening upon rub-in as compared to L-5; and dry after feel. Lotions L-1, L-3 and L-4 had superior characteristics, as compared to lotions L-2 and L-5, and more specifically had: easier application; only slight whitening; smooth feel on rub-in and silky after feel. The viscosities, which were measured with a Brookfield Viscometer LTV, Spindle T-C at 5 rpm, and the pH values are also set forth in Table 3 above. The viscosities and pH values were suitable for a lotion. Example 6 Preparation of Skin Cream Four skin creams, C-1 to C-4, were prepared having the compositions set forth below in Table 4. Skin Cream Composition, Weight Percent Phase A C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 Carbopol 940 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Deionized Water 70.80 70.80 70.80 70.80 Phase B Deionized Water 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Triethanolamine (99%) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Phase C Mineral Oil, 70 vis. 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Promulgen® D 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 Glucam® E-10 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Skin Cream Composition, Weight Percent Phase A C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 Germaben® II 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample I) 1.50 - - - Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample II) - 1.50 - - Milk Fat Sample - - 1.50 - Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample III) - - - 1.50 Viscosity, cps 46,000 50,000 38,000 46,000 pH, 25°C 7.0 6.8 6.0 7.0 The above skin creams were prepared according to the following procedure. Phase A was prepared by mixing the Carbopol 940 with the deionized water and heating slowly to 75°C. Phase B was prepared by mixing the triethanolamine with the deionized water and heating to 75°C. Phase B was then added to Phase A at a temperature of 75°C. Phase C was prepared by mixing the mineral oil Promulgen D, Glucan E-10, Germaben® II and either the hydroxylated milk glyceride or Milk Fat Sample at 75°C. The AB Phase was then added to Phase C and mixed at a temperature of 75°C for 15 minutes. The skin cream was then allowed to cool to room temperature with mixing. Skin Cream C-3 contained milk fat and generally had the following characteristics: slightly dull emulsion; grainy with low uniformity; whitening on rub-in; and waxy afterfeel. Skin Creams C-1, C-2 and C-4 generally had superior characteristics to C3, and more specifically, had: whiter, glossier emulsions; more uniform consistency; easier rub-in; and a silky, smooth after feel. The viscosities, which were measured with a Brookfield Viscometer LTV, Spindle T-C at 5 rpm, and the pH values are also set forth in Table 4 above. The viscosities and pH values were suitable for a skin cream. Example 7 Preparation of Moisturizing Lipsticks Six moisturizing lipstick formulations L-1 to L-6, were prepared having compositions set forth below in Table 5. Moisturizing Lipsticks Composition, Weight Percent Pigment Concentrate: LS-1 LS-2 LS-3 LS-4 LS-5 LS-6 Amerlate® P 5.0 5.0 - - - - OHlan® 3.0 - - - - - Pigments (Iron Oxides) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Propal 20.0 20.0 22.5 17.5 22.5 22.5 Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample I) - 3.0 3.0 - - - Moisturizing Lipsticks Composition, Weight Percent Pigment Concentrate: LS-1 LS-2 LS-3 LS-4 LS-5 LS-6 Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample II) - - - - 3.0 - Milk Fat Sample - - - - - 3.0 Hydroxylated Milk Glyceride (Sample III) - - - 8.0 - - Base: Beeswax 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 Candelilla Wax 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Carnauba Wax 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Ozokerite 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Castor Oil 33.5 33.5 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 Glucam P-20 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 The above lipsticks were prepared according to the following procedure. A pigment concentrate was prepared by grinding the Amerlate® P, OHlan, Pigments, Propal, and either the hydroxylated milk glyceride or Milk Fat Sample until a uniform fine dispersion was produced. The base was prepared by combining the Beeswax USP, Candelilla Wax, Carnauba Wax, Ozokerite, Castor Oil and Glucan P-20 and heating to 85 to 90°C while mixing slowly. Once a clear and uniform mixture was obtained, the pigment concentrate was added and the mixing was continued until the lipstick formulation was uniform and substantially free of air. The lipstick formulation was then poured into molds at about 70°C and allowed to cool to room temperature. Lipstick LS-1 did not contain hydroxylated milk glycerides or milk fat and generally had the following characteristics: hard to rub dry; hard to spread. Lipstick L-6 contained milk fat and generally had better characteristics than LS-1, and more specifically had: a wet rub-in; and heavier after feel. Lipsticks L-2, L-3, L-4 and L-5 contained hydroxylated milk glycerides and had generally superior characteristics to Lipsticks L-1 and L-6, and more specifically, had: a dry rub-in; smooth after feel; and uniform coverage. Example 8 Four samples of foundation liquid makeup, M-1 to M-4, were prepared having the compositions set forth in Table 6. Foundation Liquid Makeup Composition. Weight Percent M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 Phase A Deionized Water 62.70% 62.70% 62.70% 62.70% Glucam® E-20 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Phase B Deionized Water 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 Triethanolamine (99%) 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Germaben® II 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Phase C Amerchol L-101® 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Stearic Acid 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Glyceryl Stearate 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Mineral Oil, 70 vis. 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Pigments (Iron Oxides) 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 Milk Fat Sample - - - 3.0 Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample III) 3.00 - - - Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample II) - - 3.00 - Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample I) - 3.00 - - Viscosity, cps 14,000 30,000 18,000 16,000 pH, 25°C 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.9 The above makeup compositions were made according to the following procedure. Phase A was prepared by mixing the Glucam E-20 into the deionized water. Phase B was prepared by mixing the triethanolamine and Germaben® II into the deionized water. Phase A and Phase B were then mixed together until uniform and heated to 78°C. Phase C was prepared by combining the Amerchol L-101, stearic acid glyceryl strearate, mineral oil and either the hydroxylated milk glycerides or Milk Fat Sample and heating to 78°C. During the heating step the pigments were added and all of the ingredients in Phase C were mixed. Phase A and Phase B were then added to Phase C and homomixed for one hour at 78°C. The makeup compositions were then allowed to cool to room temperature with mixing. Makeup M-4 contained milk fat and generally had the following characteristics: wet application and longer rub-in time; poor spreadability; uneven coverage and hard to work onto skin; heavy feel; and poor shading. Makeups M-1, M-2 and M-3, comprised of hydroxylated milk glycerides, and generally had better characteristics than makeup M-4 and more specifically, had: easier application; excellent spreading; more uniform coverage; and dry powder-like after feel. The viscosities, which were measured with a Brookfield Viscometer LTV, Spindle T-C at 5 rpm, and the pH values are also set forth in Table 6 above. The viscosities and pH values were suitable for liquid makeup. Example 9 Preparation of Exfoliating Cream An exfoliating cream was prepared having the composition set forth in Table 7. Exfoliating Cream Composition/ Weight Percent Phase A Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample IV) 6.0% GLUCAMATE® SSE-20 6.0 GLUCATE® SS 2.0 Stearic Acid, xxx 5.0 Glyceryl Stearate 1.0 Cetyl Alcohol 3.0 Phase B Deionized Water 75.6 Triethanolamine (99%) q.s. to pH = 7 Phase C Pumice (0 1/2) 1.0 Liqua Par q.s. The above-described exfoliating cream was made according to the following procedure. Phase A was heated to 80° C with agitation. In a separate container, Phase B was heated to 80° C and added to Phase A while adjusting the pH to 7 with the triethanolamine. After Phase A and Phase B were thoroughly mixed, Phase C was added. The resulting mixture had a viscosity of 78,000 cps at 25° C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer with a heliopath, Spindle T-C at 5 rpm (measured 24 hours after preparation) and a pH at 25° C of 7.0. This exfoliating cream has cleansing properties, with the exfoliating action of pumice. With the use of the hydroxylated milk glycerides, the exfoliating cream feels creamier during rub-in and leaves skin feeling moister and smoother than exfoliating creams without the hydroxylated milk glycerides. Example 10 Preparation of Emollient Aftershave An emollient aftershave was prepared having the composition set forth in Table 8. Aftershave Composition/Weight Percent Carbomer 941 0.20% Deionized Water 73.25 Triethanolamine (10% aq. sol'n) 1.00 PROMULGEN® D 2.50 Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample IV) 2.00 Triethanolamine (10% aq. sol'n) 1.00 SD Alcohol 40 20.00 Menthol 0.05 The above-described aftershave was prepared as follows. The Carbomer 941 was dissolved in water, mixed until uniform and heated to 75° C. A first aliquot of triethanolamine was then added. The hydroxylated milk glyceride was added to the Promulgen D which had been heated to 75° C. The two mixtures were then combined and the remaining triethanolamine was added. The combined mixtures were then cooled to 35° C with agitation and the menthol was dissolved into the SD Alcohol 40 which was then added. The resulting aftershave had a viscosity of 20,000 cps at 25° C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer with a heliopath, Spindle T-C at 5 rpm (measured 24 hours after preparation) and a pH at 25° C of 6.0. The aftershave provides an emollient, smooth feel as it is applied to the skin as compared to an aftershave without the hydroxylated milk glycerides. Example 11 Preparation of Body Wash A body wash was prepared having the composition set forth in Table 9. Body Wash Composition/Weight Percent Deionized Water 50.1% CELLOSIZE® HEC QP-15,000-H 1.0 Veegum® Ultra (10% slurry) 22.5 Geropon® AS-200 25.0 Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample IV) 1.0 Liqua Par 0.4 The body wash was prepared according to the following procedure. The Cellosize® HEC QP-15,000-H was dispersed in water with agitation, heated to 80° C and mixed until fully hydrated and uniform. Then the slurry of Veegum® Ultra was added with agitation. Then the Geropon® AS-200 and hydroxylated milk glycerides were added with agitation. The batch was then cooled to room temperature with sweep agitation. The body wash had a viscosity of 80,000 cps at 25° C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer with a heliopath, Spindle T-C at 5 rpm (measured 24 hours after preparation) and a pH at 25° C of 5.5. The body wash has a creamier texture and emolliency during application as compared to body wash without the hydroxylated milk glycerides. Example 12 Preparation of Light Conditioning Shampoo A light conditioning shampoo was prepared having the composition set forth in Table 10. Shampoo Composition/Weight Percent Deionized Water q.s. UCARE® Polymer LK 0.25% STANDIPOL® ES-1 50.00 Miranol® C2M Conc. N.P. (50% active) 8.00 10% Aqueous Citric Acid Solution 3.50 Hydroxylated Milk Glycerides (Sample IV) .75 Triton® X-100 0.10 Kathan® C.G. 0.10 The shampoo was prepared according to the following procedure. UCARE Polymer LK was added to water with agitation. After the UCARE polymer LK was dispersed, it was heated to 65° C. After the UCARE Polymer LK was completely dissolved, the Miranol® C2M Conc. N.P. was added with slow agitation and held at a temperature of 65° C. Then the disodium cocoaamphodiacetate was added, also holding temperature at 65° C. The citric acid solution was then added with slow agitation. The pH was adjusted to 5.5 - 6.0 by adding more citric acid solution. In a separate container, Octoxynol-9 and the hydroxylated milk glycerides were added and heated to 65° C. The two batches were combined at 65° C with low agitation to prevent aeration. The preservative, color and fragrance were then added. The shampoo leaves the hair soft and feeling more conditioned as compared to a shampoo without the hydroxylated milk glycerides. The foam produced by the shampoo was denser and creamier than a shampoo without the hydroxylated milk glycerides. The above examples demonstrate quite surprisingly that, in addition to providing resistance to rancidification, personal care compositions comprising the hydroxylated milk glycerides of the present invention can provide better characteristics than the same personal care compositions either without the hydroxylated milk glycerides or with milk fat instead of the hydroxylated milk glycerides. Those skilled in the art will recognize that although the invention has been described above with respect to specific aspects, other aspects are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. For example, the milk fat may be adulterated to adjust its properties prior to being used in the present invention, such as, for example, by fractionation or by adding low or high molecular weight fatty acids or acid esters, either saturated or unsaturated. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may find uses for the hydroxylated milk glycerides other than in personal care compositions, such as, for example, in pharmaceuticals, dispersants, thickeners, etc.

Claims: A hydroxylated milk glyceride comprising: (a) from about 1 to 10 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms; (b) from about 5 to 30 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 9 to 14 carbon atoms; and (c) from about 60 to 94 weight percent of fatty acids containing from 15 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein: (i) the glyceride has less than about 0.1 moles of ethylenic unsaturation; and (ii) at least 10 weight percent of the fatty acids containing 15 to 20 carbon atoms contain hydroxyl groups. The glyceride of claim 1 having a Hydroxyl Value of at least about 10. The glyceride of claim 1 or 2 wherein at least a portion of the fatty acids containing 15 to 20 carbon atoms contain epoxide groups. The glyceride of claim 3 having an Epoxide Value of greater than 1. The glyceride of claim 3 or 4 wherein the ratio the the Hydroxyl Value to the Epoxide Value is from about 0.05:1 to 30:1. The glyceride of claim 5 wherein the ratio of the Hydroxyl Value to the Epoxide Value is from about 0.2:1 to 20:1. The glyceride of any one of claims 1-6 having an Iodine Value of less than about 10. A personal care composition comprising a carrier and a hydroxylated milk glyceride as described in any one of claims 1-7 wherein the glyceride is present in an amount effective to enhance at least one of the following properties of the composition; after-feel, dispersibility, emolliency, emulsifiability, gloss, lubricity, moisturizing ability, smoothness, emulsion stability, rub-in, pigment wetting and viscosity. The personal care composition of claim 8 wherein the fatty acids containing 15 to 20 carbon atoms contain an amount of hydroxyl groups effective to inhibit the rancidification of the glyceride when stored at a temperature of from about 15 to 30°C for at least one month. The personal care composition of claims 8 or 9 wherein the concentration of the glyceride in the composition is from about 0.1 to 20 weight percent.

Inventors: FRIEDMAN AMNON, MORAL LUIS SABINO, PAVLICHKO JOSEPH PETER, POLOVSKY STUART BARRY, FRIEDMAN, AMNON, MORAL, LUIS SABINO, PAVLICHKO, JOSEPH PETER, POLOVSKY, STUART BARRY
Applicants: AMERCHOL CORP, AMERCHOL CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C11C3
IPC codes: A61Q1, A61Q5, A61K8, A61Q19, C11C3, C07C69