Ink-jet printhead capping and wiping method and apparatus

Abstract: Wiping and capping method and apparatus for use with an ink-jet printer are described. Preferably the apparatus (10) includes a sled (14) that is gimbal-mounted, and preferably spring-mounted, to a printer's chassis (12), the sled (14) mounting plural pairs of caps (16) and wipers (18) for each of the printer's movable carriage-mounted printheads. The sled (14) and the chassis (12) are cam-coupled for controlled, relative movement therebetween. The sled (14) and the carriage (22) are also cam-coupled for controlled, relative movement therebetween. Movement of the carriage (22) produces slight vertical and lateral movement of the sled (14) out of its nominal position to place it in three primary positions relative to the carriage (22): an elevated position for capping the printheads, an intermediate position for wiping the printheads and a lowered position for free reciprocal movement of the carriage (22) without interference between the printheads and either the caps (16) or the wipers (18). Preferably, the gimbal mounting of the sled (14) takes the form of plural spring elements (24), which ensure constant capping force between the caps (16) and their corresponding printheads. The preferred invented method involves uncapping (A, B) the printheads, wiping (C, D) the printheads uni-directionally, lowering (E, F) the sled to its free position beneath the printheads, optionally re-wiping (F, C, D, E) the printheads repeatedly, and returning (F, A) the printheads to their capped position. The method and apparatus are compatible with automatic failure recovery techniques to unclog printheads, including spitting and priming.

Description: Background and Summary of the Invention The present invention relates generally to an improved ink-jet printer service method and system. More particularly, the invention concerns a mechanism that includes an improved automatic system for wiping and capping plural printheads that depends upon printer carriage motion and that utilizes uni-directional, separate wiping action for each printhead and capping of each printhead with a constant capping force. Ink-jet printhead nozzles commonly become plugged with ink blobs or particulate therein, or otherwise contaminated with internal bubbles that prevent them from operating properly. Lower print quality and user complaints often result. Conventional service mechanisms typically provide for the spitting, wiping and capping of single printheads, frequently require operator intervention and often take the printer off-line for several seconds. Wiping an ink-jet printhead in two directions, or wiping multiple printheads with a single wiper surface, results in recontamination of a printhead during wiping or inter-printhead contamination. Improved capping systems have been proposed that provide for constant-force, rather than constant-deflection, capping of plural printheads in ink-jet printers. One such capping system is described in my co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/935606 entitled "Ink-jet Printhead Cap Having Suspended Lip", which was filed 26/8/92 and which is commonly owned herewith (EP-A-0 584 960). The disclosure of that co-pending patent application is incorporated herein by this reference. Failure recovery methods and systems have been proposed that provide for the automatic recovery from a condition in a plural printhead ink-jet printer in which the printhead's nozzles become clogged with ink and particulate, wherein the method preferably includes capping the printheads, selectively priming and flushing a given printhead and then uncapping and wiping the printheads. One such method and system is described in my copending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/949318 entitled "Automatic Failure Recovery for Ink-jet Printheads", which was filed 21/9/92 and which is commonly owned herewith (EP-A-0 589 583). The disclosure of that co-pending patent application also is incorporated herein by this reference. The invented method and apparatus preferably include a sled that is gimbal-mounted to a printer's chassis, the sled mounting plural pairs of caps and wipers for each of the printer's movable carriage-mounted printheads. The sled and the chassis are cam-coupled for controlled, relative movement therebetween. The sled and the carriage are also cam-coupled for controlled, relative movement therebetween. Movement of the carriage produces slight vertical and lateral movement of the sled out of its nominal position to place it in three primary positions relative to the carriage: an elevated position for capping the printheads, an intermediate position for wiping the printheads and a lowered position for free reciprocal movement of the carriage without interference between the printheads and either the caps or the wipers. Thus, a controller that includes only the printer's carriage drive motor provides printer servicing, including capping and wiping. Preferably, capping is under the constant force imparted by the gimbal-mounted sled, which gimbal preferably takes the form of plural spring elements. Preferably, wiping is uni-directional, thereby avoiding recontamination of a printhead during a return swipe. Importantly, there is no permanent lock-out state of the method and apparatus from which printing would not resume without operator intervention. The preferred method involves uncapping the printheads, wiping the printheads uni-directionally, lowering the sled to its free position beneath the printheads, optionally rewiping the printheads repeatedly, and returning the printheads to their capped position. During the wiping operation, one or more of the printheads also may be spitted to wet the corresponding wiper. The method and apparatus of the invention are compatible with automatic priming of selected ones of the plural printheads. These and additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood after a consideration of the drawings and the detailed description of the preferred embodiment. Brief Description of the Drawings Figs. 1A through 1H are a series of simplified front elevations of the ink-jet wiping and capping apparatus, made in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, showing various phases of its operation. Fig. 2 is a transition diagram corresponding with the operational phases illustrated in Figs. 1A through 1H. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments and Best Mode of Carrying Out the Invention Figs. 1A through 1H illustrate the preferred method and apparatus of the invention various phases of their operation. It will be appreciated that Figs. 1A through 1H show, fragmentarily and in greatly simplified form, an ink-jet printer 10 in front elevational view. (It also will be appreciated that, for the sake of clarity, only Fig. 1A carries all referenced numerical designators.) The printer's chassis, or base 12, is shown only fragmentarily and in greatly simplified form. Gimbal-mounted to chassis 12 is a floating sled 14 that mounts in a preferably linear array of one or more caps 16 (having printhead-sealing lips at their upper extents), and wipers 18 (having upper terminal ends or wiping surfaces) on a generally planar support member 20. Sled 14 is positioned beneath the printer's movable carriage 22, which is shown only fragmentarily, which carriage will be understood to mount plural printheads (not shown in Figs. 1A through 1H) the operative bottom surfaces of which define a first substantially horizontal plane P indicated in Figs 1A through 1H as a dashed line. Each of wipers 18 is operatively associable with a corresponding printhead, as is each cap 16. Sled 14, which preferably is gimbal mounted to chassis 12 by plural spring elements 24, may be seen from Figs. 1A through 1H to be cam-coupled with chassis 12 for controlled relative movement therebetween. Sled 14 also is cam coupled with carriage 22, which mounts the printheads, for controlled relative movement therebetween. As will be seen, this dual cam coupling of sled 14 with relatively fixed chassis 12 and relatively movable carriage 22 produces slight vertical and horizontal, e.g. lateral, movement of sled 14 in response to controlled, reciprocal, horizontal movement of carriage 22 relatively to chassis 12. Such reciprocal movement of carriage 22 relative to chassis 12, in accordance with the preferred method and apparatus of the invention, automatically is provided by the printer's carriage controller. In a service mode of operation of the printer, cam-coupled sled 14 and chassis 12, and cam-coupled sled 14 and carriage 22, responsive to the controller and movement of carriage 22 undergoes programmed vertical and lateral movement that results in the placement of caps 16 and wipers 18 in predefined uncapping, wiping and recapping positions relative to their corresponding printheads. It will be appreciated that the printer carriage's singular drive motor is operated in common with both the service mode described herein and with the normal printing mode of operation of the printer. Importantly, gimbal-mounting of sled 14 to chassis 12, by way of plural spring elements or members 24, produces a substantially constant force between the printheads and wipers 18 (for wiping), and between the printheads and caps 16 (for capping) by upward forces imparted through sled 14 normal to plane P. Each of spring elements 24 preferably is made of spring steel and is mounted rotatably on one end to a capture post (indicated schematically as a simple circle) on chassis 12 and on the other end to a capture post (identically indicated) on sled 14. Preferably, spring elements 24 are generally V-shaped, as shown, have a nominal angle between their radially extending arms of approximately 31.9° and provide approximately 0.4 pounds of force at 10.4 millimeters (10.4 mm) of compression from their nominal 24.2 mm span. It will be appreciated that such constant-force capping and wiping reduces wear on the lips of caps 16 and on the upper terminal ends, or wiping surfaces, of wipers 18, which may be brought into frequent contact with the lower planar surfaces of the printheads. No less importantly, such gimbal-mounting with spring elements 24 defines a nominal position of sled 14 and a substantially horizontal plane that is parallel with plane P defined by the lower surfaces of the printheads. Finally, and most importantly, stored energy in spring elements 24 provides the force necessary to urge sled 14 through its various vertical and lateral movements that are controlled by the above-described cam-coupling arrangement. Such cam action-controlled horizontal and vertical movement of sled 14 relative to chassis 12 thus requires no external motive force, e.g. a dedicated drive motor, but instead is produced very simply and cost effectively by horizontal movement between carriage 22 and chassis 12. Referring still to Figs. 1A through 1H, sled 14 may be seen to include first cam surfaces 14 a (having predefined, nearly identical profiles, as shown in Figs. 1A through 1H, where it may be seen that left cam surface 14 a has a pronounced vertical step defining a temporary stop S whereas right cam surface 14 a has an inclined corresponding step also defining temporary stop S) engaged with corresponding second cam follower members 12 a of chassis 12. Sled 14 further may be seen to include first cam follower members 14 b extending upwardly from sled 14, with first cam follower members 14 b being engaged with corresponding second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b of carriage 22. Preferably, four such first cam surfaces 14 a and first cam follower members 14 b are provided along the perimeter of generally plano-rectangular sled 14, thus to horizontally stabilize sled 14, although for reasons of clarity and brevity only two each are shown in Figs. 1A through 1H. (Correspondingly, preferably four second cam follower members 12 a are provided on chassis 12 and two each second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b are provided on carriage 22, although only two and one each respectively are shown in Figs. 1A through 1H.) Preferably, sled 14, including at least cam surfaces 14 a , is unitary, injection molded from a polymer material having a teflon filler. In order to provide a suitably low coefficient of friction between cam surfaces 14 a and cam follower members 12 a of the chassis, preferably cam follower members 12 a are same-polymer injection molded parts, but the polymer material preferably has no teflon filler. It has been found that these materials provide for smooth cam action and durability. Obviously, other suitable materials may be used, although of course lightweight, easily and inexpensively manufactured parts are preferred. In service operation involving uncapping, wiping and recapping the printheads, the printheads first are uncapped, as may best be seen by contrasting Figs. 1A and 1B, by relative movement between chassis 12 and sled 14, with first cam surfaces 14 a of sled 14 and second cam follower members 12 a of chassis 12 producing substantially vertical downward movement of sled 14 relative to carriage 22, the relative movement between chassis 12 and sled 14 being produced by an end stop member, or end stop, 26 mounted on carriage 22 adjacent an extreme end of second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b . Thus, Fig. 1A may be seen to illustrate a capping position in which the plane defined by the lower surface of the printheads nominally, but with slight interference fit, is coplanar with the plane defined by the lips of caps 16, whereas Fig. 1B may be seen to illustrate an uncapped position of the printheads in which sled 14 is at an intermediate, wiping position or elevation in which the plane P defined by the printheads nominally, with slight interference fit, is coplanar with a plane defined by the wiping surfaces of wipers 18. By the dual cam action provided between (1) first cam surfaces 14 a of sled 14 and second follower members 12 a of chassis 12, and (2) second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b of carriage 22 and first follower members 14 b of sled 14, no horizontal movement between sled 14 and chassis 22 occurs, but a downward vertical movement of sled 14 relative thereto does occur, thereby to remove sled 14 from a printhead capping to a printhead wiping position. It will be appreciated that this downward vertical movement of sled 14 relative to carriage 22 results from forces imparted on sled 14 by the slight leftward movement of carriage 22 as second follower members 12 a of chassis 12 urge sled 14 downwardly via an upwardly and rightwardly inclined, left-most region of first cam surfaces 14 a of chassis 12. Now contrasting Figs. 1B and 1C, it may be understood how sled 14 has moved from its uncapped position of Fig. 1B to its start wipe position of Fig. 1C. In Fig. 1C, carriage 12 is slightly further to the left than in Fig. 1B, but it is primarily lesser tension in spring elements 24 (i.e. the fact that spring elements 24 were compressed in the uncapped position of Fig. 1B into a higher energy state) that causes sled 14 to move slightly further left relative to chassis 12 such that second follower members 12 a thereof reach a temporary stop, indicated as S, approximately half way up inclined first cam surfaces 14 a . Figs. 1C and 1D accordingly represent what may be referred to as an equilibrium position of sled 14 relative to chassis 12 in which sled 14 will remain at a predefined wiping elevation relative to carriage 22 until it is urged out of equilibrium by an external force. Accordingly, Fig. 1C represents a start-of-wipe, or begin-wipe, position, and Fig. 1D represents an end-of-wipe position between which the printheads are wiped by substantially horizontal relative movement between carriage 22 and chassis 12. Contrasting now Figs. 1D and 1E, it may be seen that, at the end of the wiping action in which sled 14 is in the above described equilibrium position, second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b of carriage 22 impact upon first follower members 14 b of sled 14 to force sled 14 slightly downwardly near the end of the leftward travel of carriage 22. Fig. 1E illustrates a position of sled 14 at which wipers 18 have disengaged from the printheads. Fig. 1F shows the down position of sled 14 in which carriage 22, freely and without printhead interference with either caps 16 or wipers 18, may be horizontally reciprocated above sled 14. Fig. 1G shows a temporary lock-out position of carriage 22 that might be reached by intentional or inadvertent manual intervention by a printer operator or service person. Importantly, second cam surface 22 b on its extreme right end has a leftwardly, downwardly inclined region that, with first cam follower members 14 b positioned to the right thereof but moving toward the left, causes sled 14 to settle into a lowered position in which carriage 22 freely may be returned to the right as in the capping position shown in Fig. 1A. It will be understood that spring elements 24 under compression in the position of sled 14 shown in Fig. 1H tend to urge sled 14 into its elevated, printhead-capping position of Fig. 1A as carriage 22 travels toward the right. Briefly summarizing, it may be seen that relative movement between carriage 22 and base 12 produces downward movement of sled 14 by cam action between first cam surface 14 a and second follower member 12 a , the extent of which downward movement is predefined to position the upper terminal ends of wipers 18 in first plane P defined by the lower surfaces of the printheads, thereby to define a wiping position of sled 14. Further relative movement between carriage 22 and base 12 produces wiping action between wipers 18 and the printheads. Still further relative movement therebetween produces further downward movement of sled 14 by cam action between second cam surface 22 a and first follower member 14 b , the extent of which is predefined to position the lips of caps 16 and the upper terminal ends of wipers 18 beneath first plane P, thereby defining a free position of sled 14 in which carriage 22 mounting the printheads freely may be reciprocated without interference between the printheads and the lips or between the printheads and the wipers. Fig. 2 is a flow diagram that illustrates the transitions (represented by arrows labelled with the direction of travel of carriage 22 that produces the transition) through which versatile apparatus 10 progresses to reach the various operational phases A through H (represented by circles so-labelled) corresponding, respectively, with Figs. 1A through 1H. Fig. 2 is thought to be self-explanatory, to those skilled in the art having an understanding of Figs. 1A through 1H, as described herein. It may be seen from Fig. 2 that the capped or capping position (A) of sled 14 represents the start of the service mode of operation of the ink-jet printer to which the sled may be returned from its down position (F) that normally ends such service mode. Alternatively, when sled 14 is in its down position, it may repeatedly wipe the printheads by transitioning instead to its start-wipe position (C) and indefinitely repeating transitioning through its start-wipe (C), end-wipe (D), disengage-wipe (E) and down (F) positions, as shown. In the event that the service mode of operation of the printer is manually locked out (G), nevertheless such is only temporary in that sled 14 may be moved to its service position by transitioning through an entering-from-lock-out position (H) by moving carriage 22 to the right as shown. First follower members 14 b glide along leftwardly, downwardly inclined regions of second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b to return sled 14 to the capped position (A). (It is noted in this connection that the left one of cam follower members 14 b is made slightly wider than the right one, and that the spaces immediately to the left and right of second cam surface 22 a also are differently dimensioned, so that left cam follower member 14 b cannot enter the space between second cam surfaces 22 a , 22 b during a transition from the entering-from-lock-out position (H) to the capping position (A).) It will be appreciated that it is the full or partway extent of rightward carriage travel, as determined by the controller, that determines whether sled 14 transitions from its down position (F) to its capping position (A) or to its start-wipe position (C). In other words, carriage 22 is positioned either a first predefined extent of movement after first follower member 14 b hits end stop 26 in order to place sled 14 in its capping position (A), or a second predefined extent of movement less than the first predefined extent of movement after first follower member 14 b hits end stop 26, to place sled 14 in its start-wipe position (C). Skilled persons will appreciate that carriage-mounted end stop member 26 engages first follower member 14 b to urge sled 14 laterally relative to base 12, in response to rightward movement of carriage 12 by the controller. Thus, with sled 14 in its free position in which carriage 22 freely may be reciprocated thereabove, e.g. its down position (F), and with such first predefined extent of movement by carriage 22, stop member 26 stops first follower member 14 b thereby producing movement between first cam surface 14 a and second follower member 12 a sufficient to elevate sled 14 to a capping position (A) of caps 16 relative to the printheads. Alternatively, with sled 14 in such free position and with such second predefined extent of movement, stop member 26 stops follower member 14 b thereby producing movement between cam surface 14 a and follower member 12 a sufficient only to elevate sled 14 to a start-wipe position (C), or simply a wiping position or elevation, of wipers 18 relative to the printheads. The preferred method of the invention now may be understood, in view of the preferred apparatus of the invention. The preferred method of uncapping and wiping an ink-jet printer's printhead, wherein the printhead is fixedly mounted on a movable carriage of the printer, includes: (1) providing a sled-mounted wiper selectively engageable with the printhead, e.g. wiper 18 mounted on sled 14; (2) providing the sled with a cam surface, e.g. surface 14 a , for engaging a corresponding cam follower member, e.g. member 12 a , mounted on the printer's chassis; (3) spring-mounting such sled on such chassis, e.g. by way of spring elements 24; (4) first moving the carriage horizontally relative to such chassis, thereby producing vertical movement between the sled and the carriage by cam action to uncap the printhead and to position the wiper in a plane defined by the printhead, e.g. controlling the movement of carriage 22 to cause sled 14 and wiper 18 mounted thereon to leave its capping position (A) and to move to its uncapped position (B); (5) second moving the carriage horizontally relative to the chassis, thereby producing horizontal movement of the sled parallel with such plane in such manner that the printhead is wiped by the wiper in a given direction defined by such relative movement, e.g. controlling the movement of carriage 22 from its start-wipe position (C) to its end-of-wipe position (D) to cause sled-mounted wiper 18 to wipe the printhead in the illustrated left-to-right direction; and thereafter (6) lowering the sled to position the wiper below such plane, e.g. into the illustrated down position (F). Preferably, the method further includes, after the lowering step, (7) third moving the carriage horizontally relative to the chassis to restore the printhead to a capped position, e.g. moving carriage 22 fully to the right such that left follower member 14 b impacts on stop member 26 to force the sled back into its capped position (A). Optionally, the method may include repeating the second moving step, as illustrated best in Fig. 2 by the directed arrows to operational phases labelled C, D, E, F, C, D, E, F, etc. While the above preferred method is described as involving the uncapping, capping and optional recapping of a singular printhead, it will be appreciated that, in accordance with the preferred apparatus of the invention, the printer may have plural printheads and plural corresponding wipers, whereby all printheads are uncapped, wiped and capped also in accordance with the preferred method. It will be appreciated that the invented method and apparatus are compatible with printhead spitting, simultaneously with or closely proximate in time with, wiping. It also will be appreciated that the invented method and apparatus are compatible with printhead priming, preferably performed in accordance with my above-referenced automatic failure recovery patent application. Industrial Applicability It may be seen then that the invented wiping and capping method and apparatus for ink-jet printers enables automatic servicing of the ink-jet's printheads, providing uni-directional wiping of each printhead by a separate wiper to avoid printhead re-contamination or inter-printhead contamination. Printhead capping, which greatly extends the life of an ink-jet printer, is done preferably under constant force on, rather than under constant deflection of, the caps' sealing lips. Few, relatively simple parts are required and provide a relatively low-cost service solution, while avoiding the cost of additional drive motors. This is made possible by gimbal mounting the sled, which in turn mounts the caps and wipers, to the printer's chassis and by variously positioning the sled by dual cam action between the sled and the chassis and between the sled and the carriage. Controlled reciprocal, horizontal movement of the printer's carriage sequences the sled through its various positions to uncap, wipe, (repeatedly, as needed) and recap the printheads. The invented wiping and capping method require no operator intervention, take the printer off-line for only a second, and automatically restore the printer from its service mode to its printing mode of operation. While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to the foregoing operational principles and preferred embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: For use within a plural printhead ink-jet printer, automatic wiping and capping apparatus (10) comprising: plural wipers (18) each being operatively associable with a corresponding printhead of an ink-jet printer; plural caps (16) each being operatively associable with a corresponding printhead of an ink-jet printer; and a sled (14) mounting said wipers (18) and said caps (16), said sled (14) being gimbal-mountable to the printer's chassis (12), said sled (14) being cam-coupled with the chassis (12) for controlled relative movement therebetween and said sled (14) being cam-coupled with the carriage (22) mounting the printheads for controlled relative movement therebetween; a controller for automatically controlling movement of the printer's carriage (22) relative to the printer's chassis (12) such that in a service mode of operation of the printer, by said cam-coupled sled (14) and chassis (12) and by said cam-coupled sled (14) and carriage (22), said caps (16) and wipers (18) are placed in predefined uncapping and wiping positions relative to their corresponding printheads. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said controller includes a carriage drive motor operable in common with said service mode and with a print mode of operation of the printer. The apparatus of claim 1 which further comprises plural spring elements (24) for gimbal-mounting said sled (14) to the printer's chassis (12), wherein said gimbal-mounting of said sled (14) to the printer's chassis (12) produces a substantially constant force between the printheads and said wipers (18) for wiping and between the printheads and said caps (16) for capping. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said sled (14) is spring-mounted to the printer's chassis (12) for cam action-controlled relative horizontal and vertical movement therebetween produced by horizontal movement between the carriage (22) and the chassis (12). The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said sled (14) includes a first cam surface (14 a ) engageable with a second cam follower member (12 a ) of the chassis (12), and wherein said sled (14) further includes a first cam follower member (14 b ) engageable with a second cam surface (22 a , 22 b ) of the printer's carriage (22). The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the printheads are uncapped by relative movement between the printer's carriage (22) and chassis (12), with said first cam surface (14 a ) and said second cam follower member (12 a ) producing substantially vertical downward movement of said sled (14) relative to the carriage (22). The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the printheads are wiped by substantially horizontal relative movement between the printer's carriage (22) and said sled (14), with said sled (14) being in an equilibrium position in which said second follower member (12 a ) is in a stop position (S) along said first cam surface (14 a ). The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said sled (14) is mounted on the chassis (12) by one or more spring members (24) that impart through said sled (14) in said capping position a constant force upwardly by said lips on the printheads normal to a first plane (P) defined by lower surfaces of the printheads. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the carriage (22) includes a stop member (26) adjacent said second cam surface (22 a ) for engaging said first follower member (14 b ) to urge said sled (14) laterally relative to the chassis (12), whereby with said sled (14) in said free position and with a first predefined extent of movement by the carriage (22) said stop member (26) stops said first follower member (14 b ) thereby producing movement between said first cam surface (14 a ) and said second follower member (12 a ) sufficient to elevate said sled (14) to a capping position of said caps (16) relative to the printheads. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the carriage (22) includes a stop member (26) adjacent said second cam surface (22 a ) for engaging said first follower member (14 b ) to urge said sled (14) laterally relative to the chassis (12), whereby with said sled (14) in said free position and with a second predefined extent of movement by the carriage (22) said stop member (26) stops said first follower member (14 b ) thereby producing movement between said first cam surface (14 a ) and said second follower member (12 a ) sufficient to elevate said sled (14) to a wiping position of said wipers (18) relative to said printheads.

Inventors: OSBORNE WILLIAM S, OSBORNE, WILLIAM S.
Applicants: HEWLETT PACKARD CO, HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2