Display device

Abstract: A display device providing a liquid crystal (41) served as a display medium, a plurality of pixel electrodes for driving the liquid crystal, a plurality of lower electrodes (x₁ to x₁₂₈) and upper electrodes (y₁ to y₁₀₀) arranged in the row or column direction, a plurality of photoconductive elements (S X 1, 1 to S X 128, 100 and S Y 1, 1 to S Y 128, 100 ) provided on each of these pixel electrodes for electrically connecting or disconnecting the signal lines with or from the pixel electrodes, and a plurality of linear luminous bodies (X₁ to X₁₂₈ and Y₁ to Y₁₀₀) provided in the column and row directions in a manner to selectively apply light to the photoconductive elements and control connection or disconnection of the photoconductive elements.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device which can be used for audio visual equipment, office automation equipment or computers. 2. Descripton of the Related Art In recent days, as the society keeps more highly informationized, demands are increasing for a large-size and large-capacity display. In response to such demands, a CRT (cathode-ray tube) currently referred to as "King of a display" has developed to become increasingly highly defined and larger in size. The direct-view display reaches a 40-inch (1 inch = 25,4 mm) display and the projection display reaches a 200-inch display. However, the weight and the depth of the CRT itself becomes serious in light of realizing the large-capacity display. To overcome these serious respects, a drastic solution has been strongly required. Steady study on a plane type display arranged to display an image of a different principle from the conventional CRT has been progressed to keep the display quality so high that the plane type display can be escaped from the current narrow range of uses for wordprocessor machines and personal computers and can be used for hi-vision or high-efficiency engineering workstation displays. As a plane type display, it is possible to refer to an ELP (electroluminescent panel), a PDP (plasma display panel), a VFD (fluorescent display), an ECD (electrochromic display) or an LCD (liquid crystal display). Of them, the LCD is the most promising device from viewpoints of feasibility of a full-color display and a matching characteristic to an LSI (Large Scale Integration). Under the circumstance, the technical progress for the LCD is the most remarkable. LCDs can be divided into two basic categories: a simple matrix driving type LCD and an active matrix driving LCD. The simple matrix driving LCD is structured to have an XY matrix panel composed of a pair of glass substrates having striped electrodes formed on each of them and a liquid crystal material injected therein. The acuteness entailed in the liquid crystal display characteristic is used for actuating the display function. On the other hand, the active matrix driving type LCD is structured to directly add non-linear elements to pixels and use the non-linear characteristic of each element (switching characteristics or the like) for actuating the display function. As compared to the former simple matrix driving type LCD, therefore, the dependency of this LCD on the display characteristic of the liquid crystal itself is smaller, so that this LCD can realize a high-contrast and a highly responsive display. This kind of a non-linear element is divided into two-terminal type and a three-terminal type. As a two-terminal type non-linear element, an MIM (metal-insulation-metal) or a diode has been proposed. As a three-terminal type non-linear element, a TFT (thin-film transistor), an Si-MOS (silicon metal oxide semiconductor), or an SOS (silicon-on-sapphire) has been proposed. However, the simple matrix driving type LCD and the active matrix driving type LCD both involve such disadvantages in terms of contrast, response speed and reliability as disabling to realize a large-size and large-capacitance display. This results in being unable to realize a sufficient performance of such a display. That is, for the simple matrix driving type LCD, the ratio of an effective voltage applied across a selective pixel electrode to that applied across a non-selective pixel electrode comes closer to 1 as the number of scan lines is increased. This needs the liquid crystal itself to have an acute display characteristic. However, the feasible acuteness is limited. In the current state, the number of the scan lines is limited to about 400. Further, the response speed is likely to be contrary to the acuteness of the display characteristic. It means that the response speed is slower as the scan lines are increased in number. In general, when 400 scan lines are provided, the response speed is as slow as 100 ms to 300 ms. To realize the large-capacitance display, a method is often used where the signal lines are divided into an upper part and a lower part on a panel display and both of the upper and the lower parts are independently scanned. Consequently, if 400 scan lines are provided when divided, the apparent number of the scan lines becomes 800. At a trial stage, the display capacity consisting of 800 x 1024 lines is realized. However, this method needs two drivers for data signal lines for the upper and the lower blocks. Hence, the number of the drivers is twice as many as that of the normal method, resulting in making the display more costly. Further, the display employing this method is superior in contrast and response speed to the active matrix driving type LCD. As the panel is made larger in size, the wiring length of the transparent electrode is made larger. This results in increasing the wiring resistance, thereby lowering the unevenness and the contrast on the display resulting from the attenuation of the data signal. Hence, for realizing the large-size and large- capacity display, a drastic breakthrough is necessary. On the other hand, for the active matrix driving type LCD. the switching characteristic and the non-linear characteristic of the non-linear element have been actively used. It is less remarkable in the quality of display than the simple matrix driving type LCD when the display has a large capacitance. However, in actual, the parasitic capacitance exists in the non-linear elements through the scan lines. Hence, the leakage of a scan electric signal to the pixel electrode lowers the contrast, brings about an after image, and lowers a life of a panel. When increasing the display in size, the wiring length is made longer so that the increase of the wiring resistance and the parasitic capacitance cause a signal to be attenuated on the signal line. This has a great adverse effect on the evenness and the contrast of the display. Hence, for this type of LCD, an epochal new technology is promising the realization of large-size and large-capacitance displays. Incidentally, viewing the market and use of the LCDs, a lap-top computer and a palm-top computer having the simple matrix driving type LCD and the active matrix driving type LCD mounted thereon are promising goods for boosting the market of the LCDs. In those goods, in particular, a portable data terminal such as a palm-top computer, the data input unit is important. To save the keyboard space, a handwriting input function is strongly desired. As this function, it has been conventionally proposed to locate a tablet digitizer outside of a liquid crystal display and sense a location where data is input by a pen through the effect of the tablet. This tablet can be of an electromagnetic induction type, a resistance pressure-sensitive type or an electrostatic connecting type. The electromagnetic induction type enables to realize a relatively high resolution but, as disadvantages, consumes a large power and is heavy. Further, it is easily influenced by a magnetic field. The resistance pressure-sensitive type is so simple in structure that it is more advantageous in terms of power consumption and weight. But, as disadvantages, it provides a low resolution and durability. The electrostatic connecting type makes it possible to realise a relatively high resolution but, as disadvantages, has difficulty in realizing a wireless pen and has a relatively high consumption. Further, it is sensitive to static electricity The document JP-A-1173016 discloses a matrix liquid crystal device wherein the pixel electrodes are connected to signal lines by means of photoconductive elements. The photoconductive elements are selectively activated by a luminous signal applied by means of light waveguides. Currently, none of these types meet the needs required for application to a large-size liquid crystal panel. It is therefor a primary object of the present invention to provide a plane type display device being capable of realizing a high-quality, large-size and large-capacity display. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a plane type display device not only being capable of realizing a high-quality, large-size, large-capacity display but also displaying characters input by hands. In carrying out these objects, a display device according to claim 1 is provided. In operation, the plurality of linear luminous bodies are sequentially actuated to apply light to the photoconductive elements so that the impedances of the photoconductive elements are made conductive in response to the light. The active photoconductive elements serve to electrically connect the corresponding pixel electrodes with the signal lines. Hence. the voltage applied on the signal lines are applied to the pixel electrodes through the photoconductive elements. The photoconductive elements where no light is applied are kept nonconductive so that no substantial voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes. The voltage difference between the active and the nonactive photoconductive elements forms an image on the display medium. As described above, the pixel electrodes and the signal lines are connected or disconnected by the photoconductive elements which are made conductive only when they receive light. Hence, unlike the conventional arrangement, no performance degrade is brought about by the parasitic capacitance and the wiring resistance. Hence, this invention can realize a high-quality, large-size and large-capacity display. Further, a plurality of display panels can be connected by the light-connecting mediums so that a large-size and large-capacitance display can be easily carried out. In operation, the light sensing means provided on each one end of the linear luminous bodies serves to sense a location of light incident to the plurality of linear luminous bodies. The display control means serves to control the display medium to display the location sensed by the light sensing means. That is, when the plurality of linear luminous bodies are active to apply light to the photoconductive elements, the light-applied photoconductive elements change their impedance so that they are made conductive. The active photoconductive elements serve to electrically connect the corresponding pixel electrodes with the signal lines. Hence, the voltage applied onto the signal lines is applied to the pixel electrodes through the photoconductive elements. The photoconductive elements where no light is applied are kept nonconductive so that no substantial voltage is applied to the pixel electrodes. The voltage difference between the active and the nonactive photoconductive elements serves to display an image of the location sensed by the light sensing means on the display medium. As described above, the pixel electrodes and the signal lines are connected or disconnected through the photoconductive elements which are made conductive in response to the light applied thereto. Hence, unlike the conventional arrangement, no performance degrade is brought about by the parasitic capacitance and the wiring resistance. This results in being able to implement a high-quality, large-size and large-capacity display and display characters input by hands. Further, the plurality of display panels are connected by the light-connecting mediums, so that the large-size and large-capacitance display can be easily carried out. Further objects and advantages of the the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic plane view showing an arrangement of a liquid crystal display panel included in the display device according to a comparative example of a display device explaining the operation of the display panel. Fig.2 is a plane view showing an light scan substrate included in the embodiment of Fig 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the display device for explaining a connection portion between a pixel electrode and a signal line. Fig.4 is a sectional view on the line A-A of Fig. 3. Fig.5 is a perspective view showing one pixel of the liquid crystal display panel built into the light scan substrate included in the active matrix type liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2. Fig.6 is a sectional view showing an light scan substrate included in the active matrix type liquid crystal display shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a plane view showing one example of a liquid crystal display device formed by pasting the display panels according to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 with each other for making the screen larger according to another embodiment. Fig.8 is a sectional view showing a connection portion between a pixel electrode and a signal line for explaining it. Fig. 9 is a schematic plane view showing one embodiment of a liquid crystal display panel for explaining a tablet function of the display device according to the present invention. Fig.10 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a handwritten character recognizing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereafter, embodiments of this invention will be described as referring to the drawings. Fig. 2 is a plan view showing one example of a light scan substrate included in an active matrix type liquid crystal display device according to a comparative embodiment. In this embodiment, the display panel includes 100 (vertical) x 128 (horizontal) pixels. The display mode of the liquid crystal is a TN (twisted nematic) mode. As shown, on the substrate, pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 are arranged in a matrix format, in which 100 pixel electrodes are arranged in columns (vertical) and 128 pixel electrodes are arranged in rows (horizontal). For each of those pixel electrodes P 1,1 to P 128, 100 , photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 are provided. For each column of the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 , that is, P 1, 1 to P 1, 100 , P 2, 1 to P 2, 100 , ..., P 128, 1 to P 128, 100 , the signal lines x 1 , x 2 , ..., x 128 are formed on the same substrate in a manner to extend in the column direction. The signal lines x 1 , x 2 , ... , x 128 are connected to the corresponding columns of the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 1, 100 , P 2, 1 to P 2, 100 , ..., P 128, 1 to P 128, 100 through the photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 1, 100 , S 2, 1 to S 2, 100 , ..., S 128, 1 to S 128 ,100 . The photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 normally keep high impedance. When light hits them, their impedance lowers so as to selectively and electrically connect the signal lines x 1 to x 128 with the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 . For each row of the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 , that is, each row S 1, 1 to S 128, 1 , S 1, 2 to S 128, 2 ,..., S 1, 100 to S 128, 100 of the photoconductive elements, the linear luminous bodies Y 1 to Y 100 are formed on the same substrate in the row direction. Those linear luminous bodies Y 1 to Y 100 are provided under the photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 and the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 so as to selectively apply light onto the photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 . Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a connecting portion between the pixel electrode and the signal line. Fig.4 is a sectional view on the line A-A of Fig. 3. As shown in Figs.3 and 4, for example, on a glass substrate 10, a linear luminous body 11 is provided in a manner to extend in the row direction. On this linear luminous body 11, a photoconductive element 14 is located for electrically connecting and disconnecting (switching) a pixel electrode 12 with or from a signal line 13 for data in a manner to bridge them. The signal line 13 extends in the column direction. As the photoconductive elements 14, S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 , in this embodiment, a-Si (amorphous silicon) is used. As the linear luminous body 11, Y 1 to Y 100 , any device may be used if it enables to linearly apply light. This embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, uses the combination of a luminous source 17 made of an EL element and a linear light waveguide 11a having one end connected to it. When the luminous source 17 is made active to apply light, the light is applied to the light waveguide 11a so that the overall light waveguide 11a is made linearly luminous. Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing one pixel of a liquid crystal panel having a light scan substrate included in the active matrix type liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2. As shown in Fig. 5, the same components as those shown in Figs. 3 and 4 have the same reference numbers. Further, various thin films such as an orientation film and peripheral materials such as a sealing agent, a spacer and a backlight are not illustrated. As shown, on the other glass substrate 16, a photoconductive element 14a, a light waveguide 11b, a pixel electrode 18 and an upper common electrode 19b are formed like the light scan substrate. The lower light scan substrate as viewed in Fig. 5 and the substrate opposed to this light scan substrate (or the upper common substrate 19b and the lower common substrate 19a) are pasted to each other in a manner that the light waveguide 11a are located, for example, perpendicular to the light waveguide 11b. Liquid crystal 15 is injected between both of the substrates and is sealed. The resulting structure is a liquid crystal display panel. Fig. 6 is a sectional view showing a light scan substrate included in the active matrix type liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2. As referring to Fig. 6, how to make the light scan substrate 20 will be described. At first, an Al (aluminum) layer is formed on the glass substrate 21 by means of the EB (electronic beam) evaporating technique and then is etched to form the lower electrode 22 of a luminous source made of an EL element. Next, Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide) and Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride) are evaporated by the sputtering technique to form an insulating film 23 on the glass substrate 21 and the lower electrode 22, the insulating film 23 having a thickness of about 2000 Å. Next, on the insulating film 23, the light waveguide 24 (corresponding to the linear luminous body Y1 shown in Fig. 2) made of ZnS (zinc sulfide) containing 0.5% of Mn (manganese) is formed by means of the EB evaporating technique in a manner to keep a thickness of about 8000 Å. In the light waveguide 24, a cutaway 24a is etched at a lower spot of each of the photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 128, 1 . On the etched cutaways, Si 3 N 4 and SiO 2 (silicon oxide) are evaporated by the sputtering technique for forming an insulating film 25 having a thickness of about 2000 Å . Next, on the insulating film 25, ITO (oxide indium) is evaporated to keep a thickness of about 1500 Å and then etched to form the upper electrode 26. The end of the light waveguide 24 laid between the lower electrode 22 and the upper electrode 26 composes the luminous source 27 made of the EL element. Further, a polyimide layer 28 is formed for leveling the surface. Then, the signal lines x 1 to x 128 and the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 1 are formed by sputtering ITO on the polyimide layer 28. The photoconductive elements S 1, 1 to S 128, 1 are formed on each cut-away 24a of the light waveguide 24 by forming an a-Si film having a thickness of about 1000 Å as a photoconductive layer by means of the plasma SCD method (chemical evaporating method) and then etching the a-Si film. On the other hand, a substrate (not shown) opposed to this light scan substrate 20 is formed by the similar method to the light scan substrate 20. On the surfaces of the opposed substrate and the light scan substrate 20, a polyimide film is coated as a horizontal orientation agent of the liquid crystal to have a thickness of about 500 Å and then is subject to rubbing. The light scan substrate 20 and the opposed substrate having the horizontal orientation agent formed thereon are pasted to each other by a sealing member with a spacer of 5 µm. Then, between the light scan substrate 20 and the opposed substrate, a PCH (phenylcyclohexane) system liquid crystal (ZLI-1565, manufactured by the MEEK company) is injected in vacuum and sealed for forming the liquid crystal display panel. In addition, as a display mode, it is preferable to employ a TN mode. The description will be oriented to an operation of the liquid crystal display panel according to this embodiment. Fig. 1 is a plan view schematically showing the operation of the liquid crystal display panel included in the display device according to the first embodiment. As shown, the upper electrodes y 1 to y 100 are short-circuited for forming a common electrode. On the other hand, the lower electrodes x1 to x128 are similarly short-circuited for forming a common electrode. Between both of the common electrodes, there is applied a sufficiently higher voltage than a threshold voltage of the liquid crystal. Next, by applying a voltage between the lower electrode 22 and the upper electrode 26 as shown in Fig. 6, an EL element 37a corresponding to the luminous source made of an EL element shown in Fig. 6 is made luminous. The light from the EL element 37a passes through a light waveguide 34a corresponding to the light waveguide 24 shown in Fig. 6 and applies to the photoconductive elements S Y 1,1 to S Y 128,1 formed on the light waveguide 24 as shown in Fig. 1. When these photoconductive elements S Y 1, 1 to S Y 128,1 receive this light, these elements lower their impedance so that they may be made conductive. In synchronism, only the image-matched portions on the EL element 37b formed on the opposed substrate are made luminous. As a result, this light passes through the light waveguide 34b so as to apply the light to the light waveguide elements S X 1, 1 to S X 128, 1 formed on the opposed substrate. The light-applied photoconductive elements S X 1,1 to S X 128, 1 lower their impedance so as to make those elements conductive. Hence, a voltage is applied only onto the pixel electrode connected to the light-applied photoconductive elements S X 1, 1 S X 128, 1 . As described above, the linear luminous bodies Y 1 to Y 100 for each row are made sequentially luminous. In synchronism, the linear luminous bodies X 1 to X 128 for data are made luminous in a manner to match a desired display pattern. After a selecting period when light is applied onto the photoconductive element has passed, a non-selecting period (when no light is applied) comes, when the photoconductive elements keep the impedance high. For this purpose, the charges injected to the pixel electrodes are held by the capacitance of the liquid crystal element until the next selection is carried out. This operation principle is the same as the conventional TFT-LCD. However, in the display device according to this embodiment, since each pixel electrode is scanned by light, like the conventional TFT-LCD, no unfavorable condition takes place where a gate signal is leaked to the pixel electrode by means of the parasitic capacitance between the gate electrode and the drain electrode connected to the pixel electrode. Therefore, no relevant unfavorable conditions take place such as lowering of contrast, an after image, and lowering of a life resulting from distortion of a negative and a positive symmetric voltage waveform of a signal caused by d.c. components derived from the leaked signal. The conventional TFT-LCD is arranged to add a parasitic capacitance for one scan onto one gate electrode. For the large-size and large-capacity LCD, therefore, this parasitic capacitance and the wiring resistance cause the gate signal to be attenuated. This attenuation results in making the contrast lower and the display uneven. On the other hand, the display device according to this embodiment is arranged to scan the image by light. No problems from the parasitic capacitance and the wiring resistance are brought about. Further, the display is allowed to be implemented by optically scanning the image and applying as a data signal an electric signal onto the lower electrodes x 1 to x 128 . That is, in this embodiment, the upper electrodes y 1 to y 100 correspond to the common electrodes for the pixel elements, respectively. Hence, this embodiment does not need the linear luminous bodies X 1 to X 128 and the photoconductive elements S X 1, 1 to S X 128, 100 . However, as compared to the arrangement where the display is allowed to be carried out by optically scanning the image and applying an electric signal onto the lower electrodes x 1 to x 128 as a data signal, the foregoing embodiment is arranged to reduce the leakage of stored charges into the pixels where no light is applied, because two photoconductive elements keeping the impedance higher when the pixels are non-active are connected in series to the pixels. Hence, it is possible to obtain a clear image with few strokes. In actual, the display test was performed by using the liquid crystal display panel according to this embodiment. The test proved that the uniform contrast was achieved on the display and the after image and the contrast degrade were not recognized when displaying a pattern of a still picture for a long time. The linear luminous body 11, the light waveguides 24, 34a and 34b, the luminous source 27, the EL elements 37a and 37b and the linear luminous bodies Y 1 to Y 100 and X 1 to X 128 are one embodiment of linear luminous bodies. The pixel electrode 12 and the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 are one embodiment of the pixel electrodes. The photoconductive elements 14, S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 , S X 1, 1 to S X 128, 100 are one embodiment of the photoconductive elements. The liquid crystal 41 is one embodiment of a display medium. The lower electrodes x 1 to x 128 and the upper electrodes y 1 to y 100 are one embodiment of the signal lines. Fig. 7 is a plan view showing one example of a liquid crystal display device made by a plurality of display panels according to the embodiment as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for making the screen larger, the liquid crystal display device corresponding to another embodiment of the first invention. As shown in Fig. 7, the display device according to this embodiment provides nine display panels 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59 having fundamentally the same arrangement as the display panel according to the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The display panel 51 provides a luminous source 51a at the upper end and a luminous source 51b at the left end. The display panel 53 provides a luminous source 53a at the upper end and a luminous source 53b at the right end. The display panel 57 provides a luminous source 57a at the lower end and a luminous source 57b at the left end. The display panel 59 provides a luminous source 59a at the lower end and a luminous source 59b at the right end. The display panel 54 provides a luminous source 54a at the left end. The display panel 56 provides a luminous source 56a at the right end. The display panel 58 provides a luminous source 58a at the lower end. Each of the luminous sources 51a, 51b, 52a, 53a, 53b, 54a, 56a, 57a, 57b, 58a, 59a and 59b are made of an EL element. The display panel 55 has no luminous source but only a light waveguide. The nine display panels 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59 are pasted with one another through a fiber plate 61 manufactured by Asahi Garasu, LTD, (Ashahi Glass, Ltd.) so that the light waveguides for scanning the display panels are optically connected with the corresponding light waveguides for data. A display device arranged as above was manufactured to have a display area of 30 cm X 30 cm. It is assured that a large screen can be implemented. The display panels 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59 are one embodiment of the display panel according to the first invention of this application. The lower electrodes x 1 to x 128 and the upper electrodes y 1 to y 100 are served as common electrodes and are connected by the corresponding panel terminals between the adjacent display panels. Since this display device provides one electrically connecting portion between each adjacent panel displays on the upper and the lower substrates, unlike the conventional electrically scan type display device, it is unnecessary to implement an electrically high-density connection at the scan side electrode and the data electrode between the devices. This result in quite easily implementing a large screen. According to this embodiment, the fiber plate is used for connecting the display devices. In place of the fiber plate, it is possible to use an optical part such as a cell hook lens array or a micro lens array or an adjusting agent for an index factor such as silicone oil. It is effective to conceal the joints between the display panels for improving the quality of the display screen by forming the liquid crystal dispersed into a high molecular network, a so-called high-molecular dispersing type liquid crystal removes the need of having to use seals in between the liquid crystal panels. As this kind of high-molecular dispersing type liquid crystal, it is possible to use an encapsulated liquid crystal, a polymer compound hardened in a uniform solution of the liquid crystal and the polymer compound by UV (Ultraviolet) or heat, the uniform solution consisting of liquid crystal. the combination of polymer and common solvent from which the common solvent is evaporated for removal, the cooled uniform solution consisting of a heated and melted crystal and thermoplastic resin, and the liquid crystal dipped in a sponge cellulose film or micron-size glass grains. For example, it is possible to take the manufacturing steps of uniformly mixing a photo-polymerization starting agent in a mixing solution of 2-ethyl ethyl acrylate (monomer): urethane acrylate oligomer : ZLI-1840 (manufactured by the Merk Company) = 16:24:60, sealing the mixture inside of the panel, and applying UV to the sealed mixture. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the luminous source made of an EL element is provided at only one end. But, it is effective to provide the luminous source at both ends of the light waveguides. According to the foregoing embodiments, one luminous source made of an EL element for one scan line is provided. It is possible to provide a plurality of luminous sources for one scan line at one side or both sides of the scan line. The provision of the luminous sources offers a far larger effect. Further, the micro-optics technique may be used. For example, fibers are structured to be buried in the glass substrate. Or, the light waveguide is preformed on the glass substrate by means of an ion-implantation technique. Then, after manufacturing the panel, the EL element and the optically scanning light source such as a laser element are formed on another substrate. Next, the substrate may be connected to a desired panel through the optical connecting medium for forming the operative display screen. Fig. 8 is a sectional view for describing a connecting portion between a pixel electrode and a signal line. As described in the foregoing embodiments, the photoconductive element may be structured to bridge the signal line and the pixel electrode as shown in Fig. 4. The structure is not limited to the structure shown in Fig. 4. It is possible to employ the structures as shown in Fig. 8a, 8b and 8c. That is, as opposed to the structure shown in Fig. 4, as shown in Fig. 8a, on the top of a photoconductive element 72 formed on the insulating film or the glass substrate 71, the end of a pixel electrode 73 and a side of an electrode 74 are laid. As shown in Fig. 8b, on the end of the pixel electrode 73, the photoconductive element 72 and the electrode 74 are laminated. Further, as shown in Fig. 8c, on the end of the pixel electrode 73 and the side of the electrode 74 separated from each other, the photoconductive element 72, the insulating film 75 and a light-cutting mask 76 are laminated in the describing sequence. As a material for the light waveguide, in place of the above-mentioned ZnS containing 0.5% of Mn, any material may be used if it has a larger refractive index than that of the substrate having the light waveguide formed thereon. Further, to suppress the change of impedance of a photoconductive element by the ambient light, a light-cutting layer may be formed on the upper or lower surface of the photoconductive element. To prevent diffusion of light passing through the light waveguide (linear luminous body) into the area except where the photoconductive elements are located, it is effective to protect the light waveguide (linear luminous body) with a light-reflecting layer made of metal. As the substrate, by mounting a color filter or applying a color display mode such as a guest host mode as a liquid crystal, a reflective type or transparent type full-color or multi-color display is allowed to be implemented. In place of the TN mode, it is possible to use an STN (Supertwisted nematic) mode, a phase transition mode and an ECB (Electrical Controlled Birefringence) mode. Further, by using the ferroelectric liquid crystal, the anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal having an electro-clinic effect, or a liquid crystal having a flexo electro-clinic effect, it is possible to realize a display device with a wide angle of view. As the photoconductive element, in addition to a-Si, it is possible to use an amorphous silicon system inorganic material such as a-SiC (amorphous silicon carbide), a-SiN (amorphous silicon nitride), an amorphous chalcogenide system inorganic material such as a-Se (amorphous selenium), a-Se Te, a-As 2 Se 3 , an inorganic liquid crystal such as ZnO, CdS (cadmium sulphide), BSO (Bi 12 SiO 20 : bismuth silicate) or BGO (Bi 12 GeO 20 ), or an organic material such as a polyvinyl carbazole or a bisazo pigment organic photoconductive element. As the linear luminous body. in place of the combination of the luminous source made of an EL element and a linear light waveguide, it is possible to use the linear EL element, the combination of a linear light waveguide and an LED (light-emitting diode) or a semiconductor laser or a vacuum fluorescent display (VFD). As the display medium. it is possible to use the LCD. the ECD. the EPID (electrophoretic display). However, for realizing a full-color display, the LCD is the most promising. Next, the description will be oriented to a tablet function provided in the display device. Fig. 9 is a plane view schematically showing an arrangement of a liquid crystal display panel for describing a tablet function of the display device according to the present invention. As shown, the liquid crystal display panel according to this embodiment has the same arrangement as the liquid crystal display panel as shown in Fig. 1, except that photo-sensors R Y 1 to R Y 100 and R X 1 to R X 128 are provided at the end portions of the light waveguides 34a and 34b, respectively. Hence, the same components of this embodiment shown in Fig.9 have the same reference numbers as the arrangement shown in Fig.1. As a light pen 81 made of a laser or an LED comes closer to any location of the liquid crystal display, the light emitted from the light pen 81 intrudes into the inside of the display panel. A part of the intruding light enters into the light waveguides 34a and 34b. The light entered into the light waveguides 34a and 34b are guided in the scanning direction and the data direction if the light components conform to the waveguide conditions. As a result, the photo-sensors R Y 1 to R Y 100 and R X 1 to R X 128 provided at the ends can sense the location in the scanning direction and the data direction. As shown in Fig.9, the photo-sensors R X 2 and R Y 99 indicate the sensing of intruding light so that it is understood that the light pen 81 is located at a crosspoint of the light waveguides 34b and 34a of the linear luminous body X 2 and the linear luminous body Y 99 . The light entered from the light pen 81 into the light waveguide gives an adverse effect on the sensitivity of the photoconductive elements S X 1,1 to S X 128, 100 and S Y 1, 1 to S Y 128, 100 . This adverse effect results in having an adverse effect on the display. As a remedy for this adverse effect, it is possible to select a light wavelength of the light pen by considering the wavelength characteristic of the sensitivity of the photoconductive element. For example, in the case of using a-Si as the photoconductive element, the sensitivity of this material is abruptly attenuated if the wavelength reaches 700 nm or more. Hence, as the light pen, it is better to use a light source for emitting a ray of light having a relatively long wavelength, for example, a semiconductor laser for emitting a ray of light with a wavelength close to about 800 nm. Further, by considering that the locational accuracy is made worse by the ambient light, it is preferable to switch on and off the light output of the light pen at a particular frequency and intensity for separating the ambient light. The foregoing embodiment concerns the separation of the EL elements 37a and 37b from the photo-sensors R Y 1 to R Y 100 and R X 1 to R X 128 . It is possible to combine these components and provide the combination at one side or both sides of the ends of the light waveguides 34a and 34b for sensing the location where the data is input by the light pen. In the structure where a plurality of display panels as shown in Fig. 7 are pasted, the input location of the light pen is allowed to be sensed on the foregoing principle. If the input location is allowed to be sensed, the combination of this arrangement and a computer results in realizing a character recognizing apparatus which is capable of recognizing handwritten characters. Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of this handwritten character recognizing apparatus according to an embodiment. As shown, the handwritten character recognizing apparatus provides a display panel 91. The computer 93 contains a character recognizing unit 93a and a stroke data generating unit 93b. A light pen location sensing unit 92 serves to sense a location of the light pen on the display panel 91 based on a signal sent from the display panel 91 in response to the light from the light pen and a computer 93 recognizes a character, a figure, or a symbol based on the sensed data and displays the recognized character or the like on the display panel 91 through the effect of a display control unit 94. The linear luminous body 11, the light waveguides 24, 34a and 34b, the luminous source 27, the EL elements 37a and 37b, the linear luminous bodies Y 1 to Y 100 and X 1 to X 128 are one embodiment of the linear luminous bodies. The pixel electrode 12 and the pixel electrodes P 1, 1 to P 128, 100 are one embodiment of the pixel electrodes. The photoconductive elements 14, S 1, 1 to S 128, 100 , S X 1, 1 to S X 128, 100 and S Y 1, 1 to S Y 128, 100 are one embodiment of the photoconductive elements. The liquid crystal 41 is one embodiment of a display medium. The light pen location sensing unit 92, the computer 93 and the display control unit 94 are one embodiment of the display control means. The photo-sensors R X 1 to R X 128 and R Y 1 to R Y 100 are one embodiment of the light sensing means. The lower electrodes x 1 to x 128 and the upper electrodes y 1 to y 100 are one embodiment of the signal lines. According to this embodiment, by forming a light waveguide inside of the display panel, it is possible to sense a location of the light pen. By combining it with the computer, it is possible to recognize a handwritten character. The conventional system where a tablet panel is laminated on the display panel disadvantageously makes the device larger in thick and weight and the error of the locational accuracy according to each parallax more variable. On the other hand, the display device according to the second invention has no disadvantage. Further, the input pen may be arranged to be wireless, so that the input operation may be easily done. Hence, this display device is quite useful for a hi-vision n engineering workstation, a display for various multimedia-corresponding equipment, an information board, a display for an environment image provided with a handwriting function such as an electronic board, a tile type display adjusted to any form (display having display panels respectively served as one unit ranged in a tile manner). Like the display device shown in Fig.7, according to another embodiment of the second invention of this application, it is possible to easily make the screen larger by pasting a plurality of display panels according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 9. Many widely different embodiments of the present invention may be constructed without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specification, except as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A display device comprising: a display medium (15, 41) disposed between two substrates (10, 16); a plurality of pixel electrodes (12, 18) disposed on each of said substrates for driving said display medium; a plurality of signal lines (13, 19a, 19b, x 1 to x 128 , y 1 to y 100 ) arranged in one of the row or column directions on at least one of said substrates; a plurality of photoconductive elements (14, S 1, 1 to S 128,100' S X 1, 1 to S X 128,100 , S Y 1,1 to S Y 128 , 100 ) ' each photoconductive element being provided on a respective one of said pixel electrodes of said at least one substrate for selectively electrically connecting said signal lines with said pixel electrodes; and a plurality of linear luminous bodies (11, Y 1 to Y 100 , X 1 to X 128 ) disposed on said at least one substrate in the other of the row or column directions and arranged to selectively apply light to said photoconductive elements in order to control electrical conductivity of said photoconductive elements; the device being characterised in that it further comprises light sensing means (R X 1 to R X 128 , R Y 1 to R Y 100 ) for determining the location of light incident on said linear luminous bodies on the basis of the output of light sensors, each light sensor being provided at one end of a respective one of the linear luminous bodies; and a light pen (81) for designating a position on the display surface, the wavelength of light emitted by a light emitting means of said light pen corresponding with wavelengths of light to which said light sensing means responds. A display device according to claim 1 wherein said display medium is liquid crystal. A display device according to claim 1 wherein said pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix. A display device according to claim 1 wherein each of said photoconductive elements is provided in a manner to bridge between one signal line and one pixel electrode. A display device according to claim 1 wherein each of said luminous bodies is made of amorphous silicon. A display device according to claim 1 wherein each of said luminous bodies includes an EL element (37a, 37b) and a linear light wave guide (24a, 34a, 34b) having one end connected to said EL element. A display device according to claim 1 wherein said two substrates are juxtaposed to each other in a manner that the signal lines of one substrate are perpendicular to the signal lines of the other substrate. A display device according to claim 1 wherein said signal lines of each substrate are shortcircuited to form common electrodes (19a, 19b). A display device according to claim 8 and further comprising: voltage applying means for applying between two common electrodes a voltage higher than a threshold voltage of said display medium; and means for making sequentially the luminous bodies of one substrate luminous and making the luminous bodies of the other substrate luminous in a manner to match a desired display pattern. A display device according to claim 1 and further comprising: display control means (94) for displaying a location sensed by said light sensing means through said display medium. A display device according to any preceding claim wherein the photoconductive elements are not responsive to light emitted from the light pen. A display device according to any preceding claim wherein the light pen further comprises means for modulating the emitted light. A display device according to any of claims 1 to 11 wherein the light pen emits light with a wavelength out of range of ambient light incident on said linear luminous bodies.

Inventors: ISHII YUTAKA, YAMAMOTO YOSHITAKA, ISHII, YUTAKA, YAMAMOTO, YOSHITAKA
Applicants: SHARP KK, SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: G02F1, G06F3, G09G3