Connector

Abstract: A housing has guide holes that have stair-like surfaces constituted by horizontal wall surfaces and slanting surfaces that are continuously connected together. A retainer has guide pieces that have horizontal wall surfaces and a slanting surface that are continuously connected together. When the guide pieces are inserted into the guide holes, respectively, the slanting surfaces are abutted against each other to achieve a provisionally-locked condition. Thereafter, when the retainer is pushed forwardly, the guide piece moves obliquely in the guide hole along their slanting surfaces, and therefore moves downward and forward to reach a completely-locked position.

Description: This invention relates to a connector, and more particularly to a connector of a double-lock construction. Figs. 9 and 10 show a conventional connector of this type. Fig. 9 shows a condition in which a retainer (terminal retainer) 1 is provisionally locked relative to a housing 2, and Fig. 10 shows a completely-locked condition. The housing 2 has terminal receiving chambers 3, and a metal terminal 5 having an electric wire 4 clamped thereto can be inserted into the terminal receiving chamber 3 from a rear end opening 3a thereof. The retainer 1 has a cap-shape for covering a rear end portion 2a of the housing 2. As the rear end portion 2a is inserted into the retainer, the housing is provisionally locked immediately before it abuts against a rear end surface. When the rear end portion is further inserted, it abuts against the rear end surface, so that the housing is completely locked. Insertion holes la generally equal in shape to the rear end opening 3a are formed in the rear end face of the retainer 1, and a terminal retaining piece 1a 1 extends from an upper edge of the insertion hole la toward the housing 2. In the provisionally-locked condition, a lower inner surface 1b of the retainer 1 is held in contact with a lower outer surface 2b of the rear end portion of the housing 2, and each insertion hole la in the retainer 1 faces the corresponding rear end opening 3a of the housing 2, and the terminal retaining piece 1a 1 faces the upper edge of the rear end opening 3a. In this condition, as the metal terminal 5 having the wire 4 clamped thereto is inserted in the rear end opening 3a through the insertion hole la of the retainer 1, a retaining piece Sa formed on the upper surface of the metal terminal 5 is engaged with a terminal retaining pawl 3b provided within the terminal receiving chamber 3, thereby achieving a first withdrawal preventing connection. At this time, the terminal retaining piece 1a 1 is disposed in facing relation to the upper edge of the rear end opening 3a and therefore will not obstruct the insertion of the metal terminal 5. After the metal terminal 5 is inserted, the retainer 1 is pressed down in a direction indicated by arrow A (Fig. 10) so that the terminal retaining piece 1a 1 can be inserted into the rear end opening 3a. The retainer is then pushed in a direction indicated by arrow B. As a result, the terminal retaining piece 1a 1 moves along an upper portion of the inner surface of the rear end opening 3a and is received in the terminal receiving chamber 3, and the distal end surface of this terminal retaining piece abuts against an upper portion of a rear end of an insulation barrel 5b of the metal terminal 5 from the rear side, thereby achieving a second withdrawal preventing connection. Since the two-step motion, that is, the pressing-down and the subsequent pushing-forward, is needed, the operativity is poor, and the arrangement is not suitable for automation. Referring to another construction shown in Figs. 11 and 12, Fig. 11 shows a condition in which a retainer is provisionally locked relative to a housing 2, and Fig. 12 shows a completely-locked condition. Retaining pieces 1c, insertable respectively into terminal receiving chambers, are formed on the retainer 1 in a projected manner. A space 3c for allowing the retaining piece 1c to stand by therein is provided in an upper portion of the terminal receiving chamber 3 at a rear end portion thereof. When the retainer 1 is pushed forward after a metal terminal 5 is inserted into the terminal receiving chamber 3, the retaining piece lc abuts against a slanting surface 2c, formed on the housing 2 and disposed forwardly of the space 3c, to be flexed downwardly, and further advances to abut against an upper portion 5c of a rear end of a contact portion of the metal terminal 5. This connector has a problem in that since the retaining piece 1c is flexed as the retainer is pushed forward, the force required for this pushing operation increases with the increase of the number of terminal receiving chambers 3. Another problem is that after a lapse of a long time, even when the retainer is moved to the provisionally-locked position, the retaining piece 1c remains flexed downwardly, so that the metal terminal 5 cannot be withdrawn. EP-A-0 496 275 shows a connector from which the present invention starts from in the pre-characterizing part of claim 1. The connector according to EP-A-0 496 275 comprises a retainer which can be moved between a provisionally-locked position and a completely-locked position, wherein in the completely-locked position the retainer holds metal terminals within a housing. Movement between the provisionally-locked position and the completely-locked position is achieved by a step-shaped contour within the retainer for accommodating a pin located at the housing. Upon movement the retainer moves simultaneously in axial direction of the housing and in a direction transverse thereto. Accordingly, this generic connector can be compared with the prior art as discussed above with reference to Figs. 9 and 10. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the invention is to provide a connector of the type that enables an easy retaining operation, is suited for automation, and does not require a large force. To achieve the above object, according to the invention, there is provided a connector comprising: a housing having at least one terminal receiving chamber for holding a metal terminal therein; and a terminal retainer having at least one insertion hole corresponding to said at least one terminal receiving chamber and being for preventing withdrawal of said metal terminal in a completely-locked position where said terminal retainer is held generally in contact with a rear end of said housing, said terminal retainer allowing easy attachment and detachment of said metal terminal in a provisionally-locked position where said terminal retainer is disposed rearwardly of said rear end and is spaced slightly radially with respect to its completely-locked position, wherein the connector further comprises means for guiding said terminal retainer to move obliquely from the provisionally-locked position to the completely-locked position when said terminal retainer is pushed into said housing. This known connector is - according to the present invention - furthermore characterized in that said terminal retainer has at least one retaining piece projecting into said terminal receiving chamber and along a direction of insertion of said metal terminal, said terminal receiving chamber having a stand-by portion for allowing said retaining piece to move toward the circumference of said metal terminal to prevent withdrawal of said metal terminal, wherein during said movement said retaining piece is not flexed towards said metal terminal, said stand-by portion also allowing, in the provisionally-locked position, said retaining piece to stand by at a position spaced from the circumference of said metal terminal to not obstruct the attachment and detachment of said metal terminal. According to the invention, when the terminal retainer is pushed into the housing, the terminal retainer is moved obliquely by the guide means provided on the terminal retainer and the housing, so that the terminal retainer shifts from the provisionally-locked position to the completely-locked position. The two-step motion is completed by simply pushing in one direction. Furthermore, when the terminal retainer is to be shifted from the provisionally-locked position to the completely-locked position, the retaining piece advances forwardly obliquely toward the metal terminal in the stand-by portion, so that it abuts against part of the metal terminal from the rear side. Therefore, the retaining piece retains the metal terminal without undergoing any forcible deformation. As described above, in the present invention, the operation is completed by pushing the retainer in one direction, and at this time the terminal retainer advances forwardly toward the metal terminal from the position away from the metal terminal to achieve the withdrawal preventing connection. Therefore, there can be provided a connector in which any forcible flexing of the members does not occur, and the operation can be completed with a small force. Furthermore, in the invention, the retaining piece moves in the terminal receiving chamber to achieve the withdrawal preventing connection, without undergoing flexing, and therefore the retaining piece will not be continuously being flexed. When the terminal retainer needs to be withdrawn because of maintenance, the retaining piece can get out of the path of movement of the metal terminal by returning the terminal retainer to the provisonally-locked position and therefore the withdrawal operation can be carried out easily. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a housing; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a retainer; Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a guide hole and a guide piece; Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a provisionally-locked condition of the connector; Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the connector in the provisionally-locked condition; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the connector in a completely-locked condition; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the connector in the completely-locked condition; Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional connector in a provisionally-locked condition; Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the conventional connector in a completely-locked condition; Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another conventional connector in a provisionally-locked condition; and Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the Fig. 11 conventional connector in a completely-locked condition. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a connector of the present invention. In this figure, a housing 10 has four terminal receiving chambers 11 juxtaposed in a row, and guide holes 12 formed at opposite end portions of the housing, respectively. Each terminal receiving chamber 11 has a cross-sectional shape as shown in Fig. 2, and a small hole 11a for the insertion of a male metal terminal therethrough is provided at a front side of the terminal receiving chamber. A ridge-like protuberance llb generally equal in length to the terminal receiving chamber 11 is provided in the terminal receiving chamber 11 and is disposed centrally of the width of the terminal receiving chamber. A notch is formed in the housing 10 at a front end portion of the protuberance 11b to provide an engagement arm 11b 1 , which can be flexed upward and downward. An engagement projection 11b 1a , which projects upwardly, is formed on an upper surface of the engagement arm 11b 1 at the front end portion thereof. An upper wall of a rear portion of the terminal receiving chamber 11 has a height sufficiently greater than the maximum thickness of a metal terminal 20, and this portion forms a stand-by portion 11c for a retaining piece 31 of a retainer 30 (described later). The guide hole 12 has a cross-sectional shape as shown in broken lines in Fig. 2 and a stair-like surface constituted by horizontal wall surfaces 12a 1 to 12a 3 and slanting surfaces 12b 1 and 12b 2 , which are disposed alternately and continuously connected together. Projections 13 for engagement with the retainer 30 are formed respectively on the opposite side surfaces of the housing 10. The retainer 30 includes a body 32 generally equal in shape and size to the rear end face of the housing 10, and four insertion holes 33 corresponding respectively to the terminal receiving chambers 11 of the housing 10 are formed in the body 32 and are juxtaposed in a row. Retaining pieces 31 and guide pieces 34 are formed on and projected from one side of the body 32. The retaining piece 31 is projected from the upper side of the insertion hole 33 and has such a width as to be inserted into the stand-by portion llc of the terminal receiving chamber 11. A distal end portion of the retaining piece 31 is slightly curved downwardly. The two guide pieces 34 correspond respectively to the guide holes 12 formed in the housing 10, and an upper surface of the distal end portion of the guide piece 34 has a stair-like configuration corresponding to that of the guide hole 12 and is constituted by horizontal wall surfaces 34a 1 and 34a 2 and a slanting surface 34b 1 , which are continuous with one another. Engagement pieces 35 are formed respectively on the opposite ends of the body 32 and project in the same direction as the direction of projection of the retaining pieces 31 and the guide pieces 34. Two engagement holes 35a and 35b for coacting with the projection 13 on the side surface of the housing 10 are formed in the engagement piece 35. The engagement holes 35a hold the retainer 30 in a provisionally-locked position, and the engagement holes 35b hold the retainer in a completely-locked position. Provided at a rear portion of the metal terminal 20 is an insulation barrel 21 that clamps a sheath of an electric wire, and a conductor of the wire is clamped by a wire barrel of the metal terminal 20. Provided at a front portion of the metal terminal is a tubular contact portion 23 into which the male metal terminal can be inserted. A terminal retaining portion 24 is formed in an upwardly-projecting manner on the metal terminal and is disposed rearwardly of the contact portion 23. Although not shown in the drawings, an engagement hole into which the engagement projection 11b 1a can be inserted is formed in a lower surface of the contact portion 23. Next, the manner of using this embodiment of the above construction will now be described. First, as shown in Fig. 1, the retainer 30 is placed rearwardly of the housing 10, and the retaining pieces 31 of the retainer 30 are inserted respectively into the terminal receiving chambers 11 of the housing 10, and at the same time the guide pieces 34 on the opposite sides of these retaining pieces are inserted respectively into the guide holes 12. At this time, the retaining piece 31 first enters the terminal receiving chamber 11, and advances slightly, and the guide piece 34 enters the guide hole 12. At the same time, the engagement pieces 35 begin to hold the housing 10 at the opposite side surfaces thereof. When the retainer is further advanced, the projection 13 on the housing 10 becomes received in the front hole 35a in the engagement piece 35 as shown in Fig. 5, and therefore the housing 10 and the retainer 30 are thus engaged with each other-at this position in such a manner that the two will not be displaced with respect to each other. At this time, as shown in Fig. 6, the front horizontal wall surface 34a 1 of the guide piece 34 is held in contact with the intermediate horizontal wall surface 12a 2 of the guide hole 12, and the rear horizontal wall surface 34a 2 of the guide piece 34 is held in contact with the horizontal wall surface 12a 3 of the guide hole 12 disposed adjacent the open end. The slanting surface 34b of the guide piece 34 is held in contact with the slanting surface 12b 2 of the guide hole 12 disposed adjacent the open end. Therefore, the two will not move relative to each other, and they are held together in the provisionally-retained position. The retaining piece 31 is held adjacent the upper wall surface of the stand-by portion llc of the terminal receiving chamber 11, and the open end of each terminal receiving chamber 11 is generally aligned with and faces the mating insertion hole 33 of the retainer 30. As the metal terminal 20 is inserted into the terminal receiving chamber 11 through the insertion hole 33 of the retainer 30, the metal terminal 20 advances in sliding contact with the upper surface of the protuberance llb. Then, the lower edge of the front end of the metal terminal abuts against the engagement projection 11b 1a , formed on the engagement arm 11b 1 , to flex the engagement arm 11b 1 downwardly. When the metal terminal is further advanced to abut at its front end against the inner surface of the terminal receiving chamber 11 at the front end thereof, the engagement projection 11b 1a faces the engagement hole formed in the lower surface of the contact portion 23, and this engagement projection 11b 1a is inserted into this engagement hole by the restoring force of the engagement arm 11b 1 , thereby achieving a first withdrawal preventing connection by this engagement between the two. During the time when the metal terminal 20 is thus inserted into the terminal receiving chamber 11, the retaining piece 31 is held adjacent the upper wall surface of the stand-by portion 11c and therefore does not obstruct this insertion, and furthermore, the retaining piece 31 is not flexed by contact with another part in this position, and therefore, it will not be deformed. After the metal terminal 20 is inserted, the retainer 30 is pushed in a direction indicated by arrow C (Fig. 6). As a result, the engagement between the engagement hole 35a of the engagement piece 35 and the projection 13 of the housing 10 is forcibly released, and the slanting surface 34b of the guide piece 34 of the retainer 30 is brought into sliding contact with the slanting surface 12b 2 of the guide hole 12 of the housing 10, and the upper corner of the front end of the guide piece 34 is brought into sliding contact with the slanting surface 12b 1 of the guide hole 12. In this condition, the retainer 30 begins to move obliquely downward in a parallel direction. Then, when the overlapping surface engagement between the slanting surface 34b and the slanting surface 12b 2 is lost, the retainer 30 moves straight a distance equal to the length of the horizontal wall surface 12a 2 of the housing 10, and the slanting surface 34b of the retainer 30 abuts against the slanting surface 12b 1 of the housing 10, so that the retainer is stopped, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. At this time, the front face of the body 32 of the retainer 30 is abutted against the rear face of the housing 10, and the projections 13 of the housing 10 are engaged respectively in the engagement holes 35b in the engagement pieces 35, thereby achieving the complete lock. With this movement, the retaining piece 31 first moves obliquely downwardly at the stand-by portion llc to approach the metal terminal 20, so that the retaining piece 31 is disposed in registry with the terminal retaining portion 24 of the metal terminal 24 in a horizontal direction. The retaining piece 31, after being moved obliquely downwardly, is advanced so that the front end of the retaining piece 31 abuts against the rear edge of the upper portion of the terminal retaining portion 24. As a result, a second withdrawal preventing connection is achieved. In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the projection 13 on the housing 10 can be smoothly moved from the engagement hole 35a of the engagement piece 35 into the engagement hole 35b, a groove 35C extending from the engagement hole 35a to the engagement hole 35b is formed in the inner surface of the engagement piece 35. During insertion of the metal terminal 20, if it fails to be pushed into the proper position, because the retaining piece 31 advances straight from the rear side of the terminal retaining portion 24 to abut against this terminal retaining portion 24, as described above, the retaining piece 31 guides terminal 20 fully into position, thereby effecting the first withdrawal preventing connection in the proper position. Furthermore, the retaining piece advances straight by the predetermined distance from the rear side, and therefore it can be pushed in more accurately, as compared with the type of retaining piece adapted to be pressed in an oblique direction. When the retaining piece 31 is held against the rear end of the terminal retaining portion 24, the retaining piece 31 is not flexed in a vertical direction and retains an initial posture relative to the body 32. Therefore, when the retainer 30 is returned to the provisionally-locked position because of maintenance, the retaining piece 31 is retained close to the upper wall surface in the stand-by portion 11c of the terminal receiving chamber 11, and therefore will not obstruct the withdrawal of the metal terminal 20. In this embodiment, although in the provisionally-locked position, the retaining piece 31 is retained in the terminal receiving chamber 11, the retaining piece may face the upper edge of the rear open end of the terminal receiving chamber 11. In this case, during the time when the retaining piece moves obliquely by the cooperation of the guide pieces with the guide holes, the retaining piece enters the terminal receiving chamber 11 to abut against the rear end of the insulation barrel of the metal terminal. While the invention has been described with reference to the structure disclosed, it is not confined to the details set forth, but is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the scope of the following claims.

Claims: A connector comprising: a housing (10) having at least one terminal receiving chamber (11) for holding a metal terminal (20) therein; and a terminal retainer (30) having at least one insertion hole (33) corresponding to said at least one terminal receiving chamber (11) and being for preventing withdrawal of said metal terminal (20) in a completely-locked position where said terminal retainer (30) is held generally in contact with a rear end of said housing (10), said terminal retainer (30) allowing easy attachment and detachment of said metal terminal (20) in a provisionally-locked position where said terminal retainer (30) is disposed rearwardly of said rear end and is spaced slightly radially with respect to its completely-locked position, wherein the connector further comprises means for guiding said terminal retainer (30) to move obliquely from the provisionally-locked position to the completely-locked position when said terminal retainer (30) is pushed into said housing (10), characterized in that said terminal retainer (30) has at least one retaining piece (31) projecting into said terminal receiving chamber (11) and along a direction of insertion of said metal terminal (20), said terminal receiving chamber (11) having a stand-by portion (11c) for allowing said retaining piece (31) to move toward the circumference of said metal terminal (20) to prevent withdrawal of said metal terminal (20), wherein during said movement said retaining piece (31) is not flexed towards said metal terminal (20), said stand-by portion (11c) also allowing, in the provisionally-locked position, said retaining piece (31) to stand by at a position spaced from the circumference of said metal terminal (20) to not obstruct the attachment and detachment of said metal terminal (20). The connector according to claim 1, wherein said guiding means comprises at least one guide hole (12) and at least one guide piece (34), said at least one guide hole (12) and said at least one guide piece (34) being shaped to bring said metal terminal (20) from said provisionally-locked position to said completely-locked position when said terminal retainer (30) is pushed into said housing (10). The connector according to claim 2, wherein said guiding means further comprises at least one engagement piece (35) having a first engagement aperture (35a) corresponding to said provisionally-locked position and a second engagement aperture (35b) corresponding to said completely-locked position, wherein said housing (10) further comprises at least one projection (13) engagable with said first and second engagement apertures. The connector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said guiding means further comprises a groove between said first engagement aperture (35a) and said second engagement aperture (35b), said groove guiding said projection (13) from said first engagement aperture (35a) to said second engagement aperture (35b). The connector according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said at least one guide piece (34) comprises an inclined step shape having an inclined step (34b), and said at least one guide hole (12) comprises a reverse inclined step shape having a first reverse inclined step (12b 2 ) and a second reverse inclined step (12b 1 ), said inclined step (34b) of said guide piece being engagable with said first and second reverse inclined steps (12b 2 , 12b 1 ), wherein said inclined step of said guide piece engages said first reverse inclined step (12b 2 ) in said provisionally-locked position and said inclined step of said guide piece engages said second reverse inclined step (12b 1 ) in said completely-locked position. The connector according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein said metal terminal (20) having at least one contact portion (23) and a corresponding at least one insulation barrel (21) clamping a sheath of an electric wire, said at least one contact portion (23) being insertable through said at least one insertion hole (33) and said at least one terminal receiving chamber (11). The connector according to anyone of claims 1 to 6, wherein said metal terminal (20) comprises an engagement hole and said terminal receiving chamber (11) comprises a protuberance (11b) having an engagement projection (11b 1a ) for engagagement with said engagement hole, when said metal terminal (20) is fully inserted into said terminal receiving chamber (11), for holding said metal terminal (20) while said retainer (30) still being in the provisionally-locked position.

Inventors: SASAI OSAMU, SUZUKI MASAJI, SASAI, OSAMU, SUZUKI, MASAJI, SASAI, OSAMU, C/O SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD., Suzuki, Masaji, c/o Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd.
Applicants: SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H01R13
IPC codes: H01R13