High reliability blade cleaner system

Abstract: An apparatus which cleans a moving imaging surface (10) with a cleaning blade (101) and automatically detects a failure of the cleaning blade. A failure sensing mechanism (170,180) detects the cleaning blade failure and activates a blade indexing mechanism (140). The indexing mechanism removes the failed cleaning blade (101) and positions a new cleaning blade in a wiping or doctoring mode frictional contact with the imaging surface for cleaning. A brush (110) positioned upstream of the cleaning blade, in the direction of movement of the imaging surface, disturbs the particles thereon.

Description: This invention relates to a blade cleaning apparatus which is particularly useful in an electrostatographic printer machine. Blade cleaners have long been attractive because of their low cost, simplicity and ability to clean most contaminate materials from the photoreceptor. The major drawback to blade cleaners has been the randomness of their failures. The distribution of failure probabilities may be defined by the equation: P(N) = (1-e) -((N-N o )/N a ) b where P(N) = cumulative failure probability at life N, N = life parameters N a = characteristic life N o = minimum life b = Weibull slope, where N a , N o and b are called Weibull Characteristics. The characteristics for the failure of a blade have been estimated as a characteristic life of 648Kc (Kc:K = 1000 and c = copies or prints), and no minimum life (no life below which failures are not expected, i.e. failures can occur from the start of use) and a slope of 1.2 (where a slope of 1 indicates random failure and a 3.57 slope indicates a normal distribution for determinable failure). These values yield a B 5 life of 50 Kc and a B 50 life of 458Kc. (B 5 life is where 5% of total population of blades have failed and B 50 life is where 50% of the total population of blades has failed.) These Weibull statistic values are for a single blade cleaning system in low volume machines the blade cleaner has been the cleaner of choice because of its low cost. The random failure mode has been tolerated because of the low monthly copy volume. Blades have been used in mid volume machines but the random failure mode has been troublesome. Since blade failure is random, no meaningful preventative replacement interval can be determined. High volume machines have not utilized cleaning blades as a viable option because of the random failure mode problem. Several methods for sensing cleaning failures have been attempted. Some of these methods are based on an optical system which observes toner on the photoreceptor after the photoreceptor has been cleaned. Other methods include attempting to detect deterioration of the blade cleaning edge. And, at least one copier utilizes a diagnostic routine which generates a stress cleaning condition at the infrared densitometer (IRD) location and then looks at the photoreceptor, after cleaning, for a failure. (IRD is an optical device which measures infrared reflection from a toner patch on the photoreceptor. The amount of infrared absorbed or scattered indicates density of toner patch.) However, in each of the aforementioned methods, when a failure occurs, manual replacement (e.g. by a technical representative) of the cleaning blade is required. Many technical representatives also use their own stress test for blade cleaners. They look for streaks on the first white copy after dark dustings have been sent into the cleaner. It has been found that the use of a preclean toner charging device can decrease the cleaning stress to a blade cleaner. For some types of toners, especially color toners, this preclean treatment may be necessary to obtain acceptable cleaning at reasonable blade loads. The following disclosures may be relevant to various aspects of the present invention and may be briefly summarized as follows: US-A-5,081,505 to Ziegelmuller et al. discloses a rotatable wiper blade roller for cleaning residual toner particles from an image-bearing surface that includes a plurality of periodically indexable wiper blades. The blades engage the image-bearing surface at an angle of 60° to 85° defined in the direction of particle removal by the cleaning edge of each such blade and image-bearing surface. The blades are cleaned secondarily by an intermittently rotatable fur brush that is completely out of contact with the image-bearing surface. US-A-4,967,238 to Bares et al. discloses an arrangement for detecting toner or debris deposits on an imaging surface arranged downstream from the cleaning station. The imaging surface is illuminated by a light source, a light intensity detecting sensor arrangement is provided to view the illuminated surface and produce a signal representative of detected light intensity, and a response signal is produced indicative of the condition of the imaging surface. Briefly stated, and in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for cleaning a moving imaging surface having particles thereon, the apparatus comprising: a blade assembly including a plurality of cleaning blades, one of the cleaning blades being in frictional contact with the imaging surface to remove particles therefrom; detecting means for detecting a failure of the cleaning blade in contact with the imaging surface for removing a selected quantity of particles therefrom, said detecting means includes an address subsystem for defining a location of the imaging surface having a toner streak thereon; and indexing means for indexing said blade assembly to position another one of the cleaning blades in frictional contact with the imaging surface and to space the first mentioned cleaning blade remotely from the imaging surface in response to said detecting means detecting the failure of the first mentioned cleaning blade. Other features of the present invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds and upon reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic of the high reliability multiple blade cleaner system with failure detection and automatic blade indexing; Figure 2 is a schematic of the camming action of the multiple blade assembly; Figure 3 is a schematic of a multiple blade assembly having doctor blades; Figure 4 is a schematic of the address strips, in one configuration, for failure detection; Figure 5 is a schematic of the address strips and the photoreceptor; Figure 6 is a schematic of the failure sensor detection of toner streaking on the photoreceptor using transmission; and Figure 7 is a schematic of the failure sensor detection of toner streaking on the photoreceptor using reflection. Referring now to FIG. 1 there is shown a multiple blade hybrid cleaner with failure detection and automatic blade indexing. The cleaning blades 101, in a wiper mode, contact the imaging surface of a photoreceptor belt 10 of, for example, an electrophotographic copying or printing machine. The wiper mode is so named because of the wiping motion and wiping contact made with the imaging surface by the cleaning blades 101 to remove the residual particles 119 (e.g. toner, fibers, contaminants). FIG. 1 shows the multiple blade assembly 100, which is arranged for indexing in the direction of arrow 117, containing eight cleaning blades 101. (At least two blades 101 are required for the multiple blade assembly 100). A disturber brush 110 is situated ahead of the multiple blade assembly 100 relative to the direction of movement of belt 10, as indicated by arrow 12. The reliability of the blade cleaner is improved by adding a brush upstream of the cleaning edge of the blade 101. The brush 110 acts as a disturber of the toner 119 and performs some of the toner cleaning. By disturbing the toner 119, high input masses of toner, which create a stress cleaning condition for the blade, are reduced in density. The mechanical cleaning action of the brush 110 also reduces the cleaning load on the blade. This reduction in cleaning load can allow for acceptable performance at a reduced blade force, thus reducing blade wear and increasing blade life. The brush 110 also removes some of the contaminants in toner 119 approaching the blade edge which can cause failures. The most common contaminants are paper fibers which can lodge under and lift the blade edge causing toner to leak under the blade. The addition of a brush ahead of the cleaning blade is referred to as a hybrid (i.e. blade-brush) cleaner. The Weibull statistics for a hybrid cleaner with eight blades have been estimated to have a characteristic life of 4336Kc, no minimum life and a slope of 5.8. These values result in a B 5 life of 2575Kc and a B 50 life of 4770Kc. The disturber brush fibers 112 contact a flicker bar 120, during rotation of the brush 110 in the direction of arrow 118, to promote the flicking action of the brush fibers 112. This flicking action, of the brush fibers 112, cleans debris and contaminants picked up by the brush 110. Other features of the multiple blade hybrid cleaner include a pre-clean charging device 130, and a blade indexing solenoid 140. The pre-clean charging device 130 is optional. It can be used for higher reliability, longer life or, if required, to allow for cleaning of the type of toner being used. With continued reference to FIG. 1, a multiple blade assembly 100 allows one of the blades 101 to be positioned, in a wiping mode, with the cleaning edge in frictional contact with the photoreceptor. A wiping mode blade cleaner allows a large number of blades 101 to be used in the multiple blade assembly 100 and to reduce the blade's susceptibility to blade foldover at new blade startup. Wiping mode blades generally require blade loads a little higher than doctor mode blade cleaners, yet they clean well. (Doctor mode blades use a chiseling motion rather than the wiping motion of the wiper mode blade.) Another advantage in using the wiper mode is that the blade startup, or blade initiation, against the photoreceptor is less likely to cause blade damage. A doctor blade edge will be torn apart, if it is run without toner against a photoreceptor, due to a lack of lubrication. Under these conditions, wiper blades deflect so that the blade forces decrease and no blade damage occurs. However, while the wiper mode has advantages over the doctoring mode in a multiple blade assembly, with some blade holder modifications, a multiple blade assembly having doctoring blades can also be created as shown in FIG. 3. With continued reference to FIG. 1, the toner is removed from the cleaning area by a toner removal vacuum device 115. The vacuum device 115 produces an axial air flow through the multiple blade assembly housing. The use of vacuum toner removal allows a large number of blades 101 in the multiple blade assembly 100 and allows the use of the blade cleaner in any orientation. Air flow removes the need to rely on gravity to transport toner away from the blade tip and then down into an auger. The use of air flow to remove toner from the blade tip allows the use of the cleaner at the 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 9 o'clock and 12 o'clock cleaning positions. However, if air is not used, significant toner accumulation would occur at the blade tip, due to an insufficient blade angle necessary to move toner down the blade. In a no air system, steeper blade angles are achievable only with fewer blades, limiting the cleaning positions to 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock. The blade indexing mechanism 150 moves an unused blade on the multiple blade assembly 100 into position on the photoreceptor 10 after a blade failure has been detected by the scanning sensor 170 that is powered by a drive motor 160. The cleaning failure sensor logic 200 determines from the failure sensor 180 output signals whether a blade cleaning failure has occurred (i.e. the failure sensor 180 must distinguish between blade failure toner streaks and photoreceptor scratches, etc.). An extended lamp 172 placed below the photoreceptor 10 allows detection of toner streaks. The blade indexing logic 210 coordinates the indexing of unused blades and the initiation of the new blade edge against the photoreceptor 10 (which includes a dark dusting patch for initial blade lubrication) and signaling when the multiple blade assembly 100 should be changed by the technical representative on the last new blade rotation. The present invention incorporates a blade assembly that requires replacement by a technical representative (or the like) after the last blade reaches its B 5 life. All of the blades prior to the last blade run to failure, which usually averages about a B 50 life. Other methods of replacing blade assembly units are possible with trade-offs between reliability and parts/service costs. A pre-clean toner charging device 130 adjusts the charge of toner entering the cleaner for easier removal of toners, especially color toners. (This feature may be optional depending on the cleaning characteristics of the toners). Referring now to FIG. 2, the camming motion of the multiple blade assembly 100 is shown. The random blade cleaner failure mode can be reduced by allowing easy replacement of the cleaning blades. This is done by mounting several blades within the cleaner housing so that a new, unused blade can be indexed into operating position against the photoreceptor belt 10 when a failure occurs. The best method for performing this operation is to mount the blades radially on a central core and rotate, in the direction of arrow 117, the core to index a new blade into position. The camming action of the blade assembly 100 is indicated by the phantom lines in FIG. 2 and the indexing motion is explained in the following paragraph. The indexing of blades, whether manually accomplished or automatically indexed, is initiated by the detection of toner streaking on the imaging surface, after cleaning, which causes copy quality defects that are objectionable to the customer. The present invention detects the streaking prior to causing copy quality defects. The sensors of the present invention detect fine lines (i.e. ∼ 70 µm. in size) of toner which are too fine to show on copies. However, this is a function of the developer scavenging and transfer and may or may not hold for all systems. With continued reference to FIG. 2, the cam 105 rotates one-half a revolution in direction 106 to rotate the failed blade 101 out of contact position with the photoreceptor 10. The rotation of cam 105 in cooperation with roller 108 causes the support arm 109 to be raised by moving the support arm 109 in the direction of arrow 107. This movement of the motion arm 109 withdraws the failed cleaning blade 101 from the imaging surface of the photoreceptor 10 moving in the direction of arrow 12. The motion of the arm 109 also engages the blade assembly 100 with a pawl (not shown) which indexes the blade assembly 100 by rotating the used blade out of a detent and dropping the new blade into the detent. The cam 105 then, rotates another one-half revolution to position a new blade 101 for wiping mode contact with the photoreceptor 10. This one-half rotation of the cam 105 causes the motion arm 109 to be lowered such that the new blade 101 frictionally engages the imaging surface of the photoreceptor 10, in the wiping mode for cleaning. Referring now to FIG. 3 there is shown a four blade holder 104 with doctor blades (102) rather than wiper blades as shown in FIG. 2. The holder arms 103 can be manufactured as an aluminum or plastic extrusion or plastic molding with the individual blades 102 assembled onto the ends of the arms 103. The doctor blade assembly 104 operates in the same camming manner as the wiper blade assembly described above in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 shows an example of the failure detection address strips 19, 21. The inboard side 17 and outboard side 18 of the photoreceptor are indicated to the sensing mechanism by differing widths of the address strips white areas 21 on the opposing ends of the photoreceptor 10. With continued reference to FIG. 4, the failure sensor detector 180 (shown in FIG. 1) is able to determine in which address strip 19, 21 the failure has occurred. In order to confirm the presence of a toner streak in the same address strip 19, 21, the toner streak must be detected on two or more consecutive scans of the photoreceptor. The numbered chart at the bottom of FIG. 4 indicates the number of address locations which ideally is an even number between 16 and 64. The accuracy of the failure sensor 180 is increased as the number of address locations increase because the sensor can more accurately determine the address location of the failure. The address strip can be made within a transparent substrate (i.e. Mylar,...) having black (opaque) regions or the address strip can be an aluminum strip with teeth type figures cut therein. The address strip in either case extends from inboard 17 to outboard 18. Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown the photoreceptor 10 and the direction 12 of movement of the photoreceptor 10 past the stationary address strips 19, 21. Essential to the task of confirming that a failure has occurred is the information regarding the location of the streak across the width of the photoreceptor 10 (e.g.. 8 cm from the inboard end 17). This information is provided by the addressing subsystem. This subsystem consists of an address strip 19, 21 and an optoelectronic device for reading the address strip 19, 21. In the simplest implementation of the scheme, the address strip consists of a series of alternating black 19 and white 21 patterns. Toner black and white patterns are produced photographically or lithographically. The address strip 19, 21 extends across and is spaced from the photoreceptor 10. An optoelectronic device (similar to the one used to detect toner streaks), mounted on the toner streak detection scanner, monitors the address strip 19, 21. The optoelectronic device consists of a phototransistor, associated collimating optics (slits or lens) and a light source. In a typical implementation, the phototransistor monitors the amount of light reflected by the imaging surface. Since the imaging surface is highly reflective, the amount of light reflected is high. The presence of a toner streak on the imaging surface reduces the amount of light reflected. Hence, monitoring the output of the phototransistor would indicate the presence or absence of toner streaks. Continued reference is made to FIG. 5. By electronically counting the number of black/white pairs 19, 21 encountered while the toner streak detector scans the photoreceptor 10 for signs of blade failures, it is possible to determine the location of a toner streak on the photoreceptor 10. On subsequent scans, the subsystem looks for a failure in the same location as in the previous scans. If a failure is found at the same location on two or more scans, the subsystem records this as a confirmed failure and initiates necessary corrective actions. FIG. 6 shows a schematic of the failure (toner streak) detector 190 operating in the transmission mode (which is the preferred mode) of operation. An extended source of light placed below the photoreceptor 10 provides the light for detecting toner streaks. This source of light is a simple incandescent lamp 172 with a diffuser to provide a uniform light intensity. A photodetector 191 mounted on a scanning assembly monitors the light intensity transmitted through the photoreceptor 10. When the scanning assembly passes over a toner streak, the photodetector 191 registers a decrease in the light intensity transmitted through the photoreceptor 10. The exact location of the toner streak 22 is recorded by the address sensor. If the system registers a decreased light intensity, on a subsequent scan, at the same location on the photoreceptor 10, it is considered an indicator of a failed cleaning blade. The blade indexing mechanism 150 (see FIG. 1) is then activated to remove the failed blade from contact with the photoreceptor 10 and rotate the next unused blade 101, see FIG. 2 (or 102, see FIG. 3) in the multiple blade assembly into a wiping (or doctoring) mode contact position with the imaging surface of the photoreceptor 10. Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a schematic of the failure sensor detector 190 of toner streaking on the photoreceptor 10. The figure shows a toner streak 22, oriented in the process direction. As the sensor 190 [having LEDs (i.e., light emitting diodes) and photodetectors) scans back and forth in the directions indicated by arrow 23 across the photoreceptor 10, reflection from the photoreceptor 10 is taken. As long as the scanner reads a clear area it will continue scanning. However, when a dark area (caused by toner streaking 22) is scanned, the light is absorbed and scattered instead of reflected. Thus, the scanner then registers the address strip 19, 21 location of the toner streak 22 and scanning is then continued. If upon the second consecutive scan, a toner streak 22 occurs in the same address area 19, 21, the scanner returns to its home position at the inboard 17 or outboard 18 location, and the blade is registered in the failure sensor logic 200 (see FIG. 1) as a failure. The blade indexing mechanism 150 (see FIG. 1) is then activated to remove the failed blade and rotate the next unused blade 101, see FIG. 2 (or 102, see FIG. 3), in the multiple blade assembly 100 into a wiping (or doctoring) mode contact position with the imaging surface of the photoreceptor 10. In recapitulation, the apparatus for removing particles from the imaging surface in the present invention preferably uses a disturber brush located ahead of the cleaning blade to remove contaminants and decrease the cleaning load to the blade (i.e. increasing the Weibull slope of failures to give a more predictable failure point) and increases the service life of the cleaner. The cleaning failure sensor detects the streaks of toner on the imaging surface after the cleaning blade has been used. The failure detection subsystem consisting of a toner streak sensor, streak location sensor, address strip, light sources and logic circuits scans the imaging surface for signs of blade failures. If a failure is found and confirmed, the subsystem signals the main processor (that controls the printer/copier) to stop the copy process and enter a maintenance mode. While in the maintenance mode, the failed blade is indexed out and a new blade is indexed into position. Necessary precautions like providing a light toner dusting on the photoreceptor before indexing in a new blade are taken. Once the new blade is installed and confirmed to operate without failures in the wiper mode, the subsystem signals the main processor to continue with the copy process. The subsystem also restarts the scanning of the imaging surface with an optoelectronic device to detect the presence of toner streaks. If another blade failure is detected and confirmed the indexing process is repeated. The last new blade on the multiple blade assembly is run to its B 5 life and then the multiple blade assembly carousel must be manually replaced with another carousel containing new, unused blades.

Claims: An apparatus for cleaning a moving imaging surface (10) having particles (119) thereon, the apparatus comprising: a blade assembly (100;104) including a plurality of cleaning blades (101;102), one of the cleaning blades (101;102) being in frictional contact with the imaging surface (10) to remove particles (119) therefrom; detecting means (170,180) for detecting a failure of the cleaning blade (101;102) in contact with the imaging surface (10) for removing a selected quantity of particles (119) therefrom, said detecting means (170,180) includes an address subsystem for defining a location of the imaging surface (10) having a toner streak thereon; and indexing means (140) for indexing said blade assembly (100;104) to position another one of the cleaning blades (101;102) in frictional contact with the imaging surface (10) and to space the first mentioned cleaning blade (101;102) remotely from the imaging surface (10) in response to said detecting means detecting the failure of the first mentioned cleaning blade. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising disturbing means (110) for disturbing the particles (119) on the imaging surface (10), positioned upstream of the blade assembly (100;104). An apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein the image surface (10) has a direction of movement and said blade assembly (100;104) is positioned after said disturbing means (110) in the direction of movement of the imaging surface (10). An apparatus as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the imaging surface (10) has a width, said address subsystem comprising : an address Strip (19,21) located below and spaced away from the imaging surface (10) and extending across the width of the imaging surface (10); and means (190,191) for reading said address Strip (19,21). An apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein said address subsystem detects the uncleaned area (22) of the imaging surface and defines the location of the uncleaned area on said address strip (19,21), said indexing means (140) being activated in response to the uncleaned area (22) being detected at the same location on said address strip (19,21) in at least two consecutive passes to index said blade assembly (100;104) to position another cleaning blade (101;102) in frictional contact with the imaging surface (10). An apparatus as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said indexing means (140), upon activation, rotates said blade assembly (100;104), said blade assembly being operator replaceable with an unused blade assembly when a predetermined blade life (B 5 ) of a last blade in said blade assembly (100;104) is reached. An apparatus as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the operative cleaning blade is positioned against the imaging surface (10) in either a wiper mode (101) or a doctor mode (102) configuration. An apparatus as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: a housing (150) for holding said blade assembly (100; 104); and means (115) for creating a reduced air pressure in said housing (150) to provide axial air flow therethrough for removal of toner (22) being cleaned from the imaging surface (10) by said blade assembly (100;104).

Inventors: AUDI ANTHONY E, GODLOVE RONALD E, KEDARNATH N, LANGE CLARK V, LINDBLAD NERO R, OWENS ALVIN J JR, POZZANGHERA DARRYL, RELYEA HERBERT C, THAYER BRUCE E, AUDI, ANTHONY E., GODLOVE, RONALD E., KEDARNATH, N., LANGE, CLARK V., LINDBLAD, NERO R., OWENS, ALVIN J., JR., POZZANGHERA, DARRYL, RELYEA, HERBERT C., THAYER, BRUCE E.
Applicants: XEROX CORP, XEROX CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G03G21
IPC codes: G03G21