Method and device for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of tyre

Abstract: A method for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of a vehicle tyre comprising the steps of (a) detecting the angular velocity of each wheel, (b) producing a signal proportional to the detected angular velocity, (c) measuring the acceleration of the vehicle in a forward or backward direction, (d) obtaining the speed of the vehicle in the forward or backward direction by integrating the detected acceleration, (e) producing a signal proportional to the calculated speed of the vehicle in the forward and backward direction, and (f) arithmetically processing the signals produced in steps (b) and (e). In step (f), the angular velocity of each wheel at the speed in the forward and backward direction obtained in step (d) is obtained from the previously measured normal wheel angular velocity table, and the result is compared with the angular velocity detected in step (a), and if the difference therebetween is within the range of 0.05% to 0.6%, a device for warning against pneumatic abnormalities is caused to operate.

Description: The present invention relates to a method and a device for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of tyres on a vehicle such as a car or a truck. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and a device capable of reducing cost by the use of wheel speed pulses in the ABS (Anti-Lock Braking System) and of detecting simply and reliably simultaneous abnormality of not less than two tyres at minimum increase of cost. Such a device is disclosed in EP-A-0 291 217. The pneumatic pressure of tyres greatly influences the performance of vehicles especially deflation of tyres which has a close relation to safety for drivers. Hence, many systems for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of a tyre have been proposed. However, these proposals could not realise both high reliability and low cost so that they have not been widely used. Recently, with the spread of ABS, there has been proposed a system with low cost and high reliability wherein the wheel speed pulses in the ABS are utilised. Although the system is reliable in detecting abnormality of one tyre, it is not reliable to detect simultaneous abnormality of two or more tyres. In the meanwhile, devices for detecting pneumatic abnormalities are classified into several types according to detection methods. One type detects directly the pneumatic pressure of tyres and another type detects a physical quantity such as the deflection or number of revolutions which change with pneumatic pressure. The former type can measure the pressure but the device is complicated and expensive because the transmission of signals from a rotating body to the static vehicle body is difficult. On the other hand, the latter is simple and cheap but it is less sensitive than the former. Also, in systems for detecting pneumatic abnormalities on the basis of wheel speed, abnormalities of a tyre are generally determined by comparison between the wheel speed pulse of the abnormal pneumatic tyre and that of one or more normal pneumatic tyres. Accordingly, the pneumatic pressure of at least one tyre must be normal, so that theoretically the simultaneous abnormality of four wheel cannot be detected. In view of the above state of the art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of tyre of low cost, which is of high reliability and which can detect simultaneous abnormalities of four wheels on a vehicle. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of tyres on a vehicle, the method comprising the steps of: (a) detecting the angular velocity of each wheel, (b) producing signals proportional to the detected angular velocities, (c) detecting accelerations of the vehicle in a forward or backward direction, (d) obtaining a speed in the forward or backward direction by integrating the detected accelerations, (e) producing a signal proportional to the obtained speed in the forward or backward direction, and (f) arithmetically processing the signals produced in the steps (b) and (e) wherein the step (f) comprises obtaining, from a previously prepared table of wheel angular velocities under normal condition, a wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction which is obtained in step (d), comparing the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction with the angular velocity of each wheel obtained in step (a), and operating a device which warns of a pneumatic abnormality of a tyre when the respective differences between the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction and the angular velocity of each wheel detected in step (a) ranges from 0.05% to 0.60% of the wheel angular velocity from the table. The method of the present invention preferably includes a step (g) of directly measuring and monitoring the acceleration of the vehicle in the lateral direction, and a step (h) of invalidating the data of angular velocity of each wheel when the absolute value of the acceleration in the lateral direction exceeds 0.06g (g: gravity). Further, the method of the present invention preferably includes a step (i) of directly measuring and monitoring the acceleration of a vehicle in a forward or backward direction, and a step (j) of invalidating the date for the angular velocity of each wheel when an absolute value of the acceleration in the forward or backward direction exceeds 0.03g. Moreover, the method of the present invention preferably includes a step (k) of invalidating the data of the angular velocity of each wheel when the brake pedal is pressed; or a step (l) of measuring the throttle opening, differentiating the measured value, and a step (m) of invalidating the date for the angular velocity of each wheel when the differentiated value exceeds 100%/sec. In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a device for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of a tyre on a vehicle comprising angular velocity signal producing means for producing signals proportional to the detected angular velocities, acceleration detecting means for detecting accelerations of the vehicle in a forward or backward direction, integrating means for integrating the detected acceleration and obtaining a speed in the forward or backward direction, speed signal producing means for producing a signal proportional to the obtained speed in the forward or backward direction, and arithmetic processing means for arithmetically processing the signals from the angular velocity signal producing means and the speed signal producing means, wherein the arithmetic processing means obtains, from a previously prepared table of wheel angular velocities under normal condition, a wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction which is obtained by the integrating means, compares the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction with the angular velocity of each wheel obtained in the angular velocity detecting means, and operates a device which warns of pneumatic abnormality of a tyre when the respective differences between the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction and the angular velocity of each wheel obtained in the angular velocity detecting means range from 0.05% to 0.60% of the wheel angular velocity from the table. The device of the present invention preferably includes means for directly measuring and monitoring the acceleration of the vehicle in the lateral direction, and means for invalidating the data of angular velocity of each wheel when an absolute value for the acceleration in the lateral direction exceeds 0.06g (g: acceleration of gravity). Further, the device of the present invention preferably includes means for directly measuring and monitoring the acceleration of the vehicle in the forward or backward direction, and invalidating the date from the angular velocity of each wheel when an absolute value of the acceleration in the forward or backward direction exceeds 0.03g. Moreover, the device of the present invention preferably includes means for invalidating the data for angular velocity of each wheel when a brake pedal is pressed, or means for measuring the throttle opening and differentiating and monitoring the measured value, and invalidating the data for angular velocity of each wheel when the differentiated value exceed 100%/sec. The acceleration of a vehicle is preferably measured by a sensor, and the absolute speed of the vehicle is obtained by integrating the acceleration from the time the vehicle starts. Described herebelow is a method for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of a tyre on a vehicle according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the detection method), set out stepwise. In step (a), the angular velocity of rotation (hereinafter referred to as angular velocity) of each wheel is detected from vehicle speed pulses produced by an ABS by using the angular velocity detecting means such as a pulse counter. In step (b), signals proportional to the angular velocities are produced by using angular velocity signal producing means such as a Digital to Analogue (D/A) converter, and the angular velocity of each wheel is monitored continuously. In step (c), a voltage proportional to acceleration is monitored by using an acceleration sensor such as a piezo-electric acceleration transducer to obtain the acceleration in the forward or backward direction. The acceleration is transmitted to an A/D converter through a filter and is digitised. Sampling is executed at regular intervals. In step (d), the sampled, digitised accelerations are integrated from the time the vehicle starts by using integration means such as an integration circuit, so that an absolute speed for the vehicle is obtained. The integration is executed by using, for example, trapezoidal integration. In step (e), a signal proportional to the absolute speed is produced by using speed signal producing means such as a D/A converter, and the absolute speed of the vehicle is monitored continuously. In step (f), an angular velocity under normal pneumatic pressure at the absolute speed of the vehicle obtained in step (d) is obtained from a previously prepared table and is compared with the angular velocity detected in step (a). The signals from steps (e) and (b) are used at this stage. The device which warns of tyre abnormalities or deflation is operated when the difference between the two angular velocities ranges from 0.05% to 0.60% of the wheel angular velocity in the table. Warning can be performed by using a buzzer or the like which appeal to ears or by using lamps or the like which appear to eyes. For step (f), a table describing the angular velocities for each tyre at each specific speed under normal pneumatic pressure is required. Such a table can be obtained by driving on a straight course at each specific speed under normal pneumatic pressure. Table 1 shows an example of such a table. 20 (km/h) 40 (km/h) 60 (km/h) 80 (km/h) 100 (km/h) 120 (km/h) Front left wheel 8.8940 (rad/sec) 17.7835 26.6692 35.5402 44.4018 53.2213 Front right wheel 8.9064 17.8083 26.7064 35.5897 44.4636 53.2955 Rear wheel left 8.8747 17.7437 26.6071 35.4534 44.2885 53.0786 Rear right wheel 8.8634 17.7211 26.5731 35.4083 44.2321 53.0109 Angular velocities of tyres (that is, wheels) change with speeds of vehicles. Accordingly, the angular velocity of each tyre must be obtained at various driving speeds under normal pneumatic pressure and must be prepared in a table. Also, the angular velocities of tyres change with vehicle weight, turning, braking and tyre wear as well as with pneumatic pressure and the speed of the vehicle. If the device of the present invention further includes means for eliminating the above factors, such as means for judging whether a vehicle is braking or not (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No 305011/1988), the accuracy of detection will be improved. The method and the device of the present invention will now be described in more detail in relation to a specific embodiment, by way of example only. In this method to eliminate abnormal values, the determination of turning and acceleration or deceleration of a vehicle is performed, not by calculating the angular velocity of each tyre, but by directly measuring the accelerations of the vehicle in the lateral direction and in the forward or backward direction, whereby abnormal values can be surely eliminated. In step (g), acceleration of a vehicle in the lateral direction is measured by a lateral acceleration sensor mounted on the vehicle attached to a microcomputer or the like. For a lateral acceleration sensor, for example, a piezo-electric acceleration transducer or a strain gauge acceleration transducer or the like can be used. These sensors can directly measure the acceleration of the vehicle in the lateral direction without using information from any tyre such as the angular velocity of each tyre. Hence, the acceleration in the lateral direction can be measured accurately, irrelevant to the status of the tyres. On the other hand, the angular velocity of each tyre is measured using a rotation pulse generator or the like, monitored continuously by a microcomputer or the like. In step (h), the data for the angular velocity of each wheel is automatically eliminated by using a microcomputer or the like when the acceleration of the vehicle in the lateral direction exceeds 0.06g and deflation of any tyre is only detected by using the data which are not eliminated. If the acceleration in the lateral direction exceeds 0.06g, the data is not used because a cause other than deflation of the tyre, that is, turning of the vehicle makes differences in angular velocity between the inner wheels and the outer wheels, which would otherwise make the warning device operate wrongly. Instead of acceleration in the lateral direction it is also preferable that, in step (i), the acceleration of the vehicle in the forward and back word direction is measured by an acceleration sensor mounted on the vehicle which continually monitors by a microcomputer or the like in a step (i). As a forward-backward acceleration sensor, for example, a piezo-electric acceleration transducer or strain gauge acceleration transducer can be used. These sensors can directly measure acceleration of a vehicle in the forward and backward direction without using information from the tyres such as the angular velocity of the tyre. Hence, the acceleration in the forward or backward direction can be measured accurately, irrelevant of the status of the tyres. Then, in step (j), the data for the angular velocity of each wheel is automatically eliminated by using a microcomputer when the acceleration in the forward or backward direction exceeds 0.03g so that deflation of the tyres is only detected by using the data which are not eliminated. If the acceleration in the forward and backward direction exceeds 0.03g, the data cannot be used because, causes other than deflation of a tyre, that is, tyre slip caused by driving or baking make differences in the angular velocities of the tyres which would give false warnings. Further, in step (k), it is preferably that the data for the angular velocity of each wheel is automatically eliminated by using a microcomputer when the brake pedal is stepped on. when the braking pedal is stepped on, the data cannot be used because tyre slip caused by braking makes further differences among the angular velocities of the tyre. Also, as another method, in step (l), the throttle opening is measured by a sensor such as a throttle sensor. The measured value is differentiated by using a differentiating circuit, a microcomputer or the like and is continually monitored. Then, in step (m), if the differentiated value exceeds 100%/sec, the data for the angular velocity of each tyre is automatically eliminated by the microcomputer. When the differentiated value exceeds 100%/sec, the data cannot be used because tyre slip makes differences among the angular velocities of tyres, which makes the warning device operate wrongly. Apart from using the above ways individually, it is preferably to combine two or three of the above ways among and more preferable to use all the four ways. Thus, abnormal values can be eliminated more accurately than by using the ways individually. The detection method of the present invention utilises wheel pulses in the ABS so that the reliability of the method is high and the cost of the method is low. Acceleration measured by an acceleration sensor is integrated to obtain the vehicle speed. Deflation of tyres are detected on the basis of the vehicle speed, hence simultaneous deflation of four wheels can be detected. Though several embodiments of the present invention are described above, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited only to the above-mentioned and various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the terms of the claims.

Claims: A method for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of a tyre on a vehicle, the method characterised by the steps of: (a) detecting the angular velocity of each wheel, (b) producing signals proportional to the detected angular velocities, (c) measuring the acceleration of the vehicle in a forward or backward direction, (d) obtaining a speed in the forward or backward direction by integrating the measured accelerations, (e) producing a signal proportional to the speed in the forward/backward direction, and (f) arithmetically processing the signals produced in steps (b) and (e) wherein step (f) comprises obtaining, from a previously prepared table of wheel angular velocities under the normal tyre inflation condition a wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction which is obtained in step (d), comparing the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward and backward direction with the angular velocity of each wheel obtained in step (a), and operating a device which warns of pneumatic abnormalities of a tyre when the respective differences between the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward and backward direction and the angular velocity of each wheel detected in step (a) range from 0.05% to 0.60% of the wheel angular velocity in the table. The method of claim 1, characterised in that the method further includes the steps of: (g) directly measuring and monitoring acceleration in the lateral direction, and (h) invalidating the data for the angular velocity of each wheel when an absolute value of the acceleration in the lateral direction exceeds 0.06g. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the method further includes the steps of: (i) directly measuring and monitoring the acceleration of the vehicle in the forward or backward direction, and (j) invalidating the data for the angular velocity of each wheel when the absolute value of the acceleration in the forward or backward direction exceeds 0.03g. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the method further includes the step of: (k) invalidating the date for the angular velocity of each wheel when a brake pedal is pressed. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the method further includes the steps of: (l) measuring the throttle opening, differentiating the measured values and monitoring the differentiated value, and (m) invalidating the data of angular velocity of each wheel when the differentiated value exceeds 100%/sec. A device for detecting pneumatic abnormalities of a tyre on a vehicle comprising angular velocity detecting means for detecting the angular velocity of each wheel, angular velocity signal producing means for producing signals proportional to the detected angular velocities, acceleration detecting means for detecting acceleration of the vehicle in a forward or backward direction, integrating means for integrating the acceleration and obtaining a speed in the forward or backward directions, speed signal producing means for producing a signal proportional to the obtained speed in the forward or backward direction, and arithmetically processing means for arithmetically processing the signals from the angular velocity signal producing means and the speed signal producing means wherein the arithmetically processing means obtains, from the previously prepared table of wheel angular velocities in the normal inflated tyre condition, a wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction which is obtained by the integrating means, compares the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward or backward direction with the angular velocity of each wheel obtained in the angular velocity detecting means, and operates a device which warns of the pneumatic abnormalities of the tyre when the respective differences between the wheel angular velocity at the speed in the forward and backward direction and the angular velocity of each wheel detected in the angular velocity detecting means range from 0.05% to 0.60% of wheel angular velocity in the table. The device of claim 6, characterised in that the device further includes means for directly measuring and monitoring the acceleration of the vehicle in a lateral direction, and means for invalidating the data for the angular velocity of each wheel when the absolute value of the acceleration in the lateral direction exceeds 0.06g. The device of claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the device further includes means for directly measuring and monitoring acceleration of the vehicle in the forward or backward direction, and means for invalidating the data for the angular velocity of each wheel when an absolute value of the acceleration in the forward or backward direction exceeds 0.03g. The device of claim 6, 7 or 8, characterised in that the device further includes means for invalidating the data for the angular velocity of each wheel when the brake pedal is pressed. The device of claim 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterised in that the device further includes means for measuring throttle opening, differentiating the measured value, and monitoring the differentiated value, and means for invalidating the data for the angular velocity of each wheel when the differentiated value exceeds 100%/sec.

Inventors: KISHIMOTO YOSHIKAZU, YANASE MINAO, KISHIMOTO, YOSHIKAZU, YANASE, MINAO, KISHIMOTO, YOSHIKAZU, KAKOGAWA GREEN CITY D302
Applicants: SUMITOMO RUBBER IND, SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B60C23
IPC codes: B60C23