INK JET HEAD

Abstract: An ink jet head for a drop on-demand type ink jet printer. The driving electrodes can be easily and reliably connected to the external electrodes. Further, rotational action of the piezoelectric element during the driving is suppressed. Between the driving electrodes having insulating film and the external electrodes, there is provided an electrical connection material containing conductive grains which are harder than the insulating film and has a particle diameter larger than the thickness of the film. Recesses are provided in the bottoms of the grooves of the piezoelectric elements which function as ink chambers and pressure chambers. These recesses are formed by line segments connected at least by two line segments or line segments connected by one curved line. Part of the line segments which bring about the rotation of the piezoelectric elements is transformed into the component which establishes a shearing mode.

Description: Technical Field The present invention relates to an ink jet head of a drop-on-demand (DOD) type, and, more specifically, relates to an ink jet head of a piezoelectric type. Background Art It is ink jet printers of non-impact printers expanding the market that have a simple principle and are suitable also for color printing. It can be said that an ink jet printer of a so-called DOD type jetting ink drops only on formation of dots is the leading one of them. As typical examples of a DOD type can be mentioned a kaiser type disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 12138/1978 and a thermal jet type disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59914/1986. Both have a very difficult problem: the former is hard to miniaturize, and in the latter, ink is burned due to high heat given to ink. As forms dissolving the above defects simultaneously are proposed an expanding mode type disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 159358/1984 (equivalent to US-A-4536097) and a shearing mode type disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 252750/1988 using a chip of a piezoelectric material. A shearing mode type will be described briefly as the explanation of conventional examples according to sectional views of Fig. 14 and Fig. 15. First of all, a pressure chamber 1a is constituted by forming a slot on a piezoelectric base 1 and covering it with a flat-plate-like upper lid 2. A driving electrode 4 is provided on the inner wall of said slot 1 and voltage is applied onto a barrier 1c, a part of the above piezoelectric base 1 to deform said barrier 1c. If the polarization of the piezoelectric base 1 is left in the direction to the upper lid 2 from said base, shearing deformation shown with a broken line occurs when an electric field by voltage is in the direction of an arrow. Here, the state of the barrier after deformation is shown exaggeratively with a view to showing the deformation of the barrier clearly. The volume of the pressure chamber 1a is reduced by said deformation and ink supplied in the inside is pressurized, which jets ink drops from a nozzle hole provided in correspondence to said pressure chamber and performs printing. Generally, an electroconductive aqueous ink is used in an ink jet printer of a DOD type. Because of it, in a shearing mode type with no insulating film formed shown in Fig. 15, the driving electrode 4 and ink come into contact with each other directly to cause the short circuit of adjacent driving electrodes or the electrolysis of ink itself, and hence, it is necessary to apply an insulating film 6 between ink and a driving electrode as a countermeasure for the above as shown in Fig. 14. Next, it is necessary to connect an external driving circuit and the driving electrode 4 electrically in order to apply voltage onto the driving electrode 4; since high-density printing is performed in an ink jet printer, the layout of the above pressure chamber becomes very minute around 100 µm pitch. Hence, wiring from the head involves difficulties. EP-A-0 413 335 discloses a method of connecting electrodes whereby an insulating film covering one of the electrodes is formed with an opening to expose the surface of said electrode. The exposed portion is then provided with electroconductive particles which make the electrical connection between two sandwiched electrodes. For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 252750/1988 discloses a method of forming an electroconductive pattern on the upper surface of a piezoelectric base for wiring between a driving electrode and an IC (semiconductor integrated circuit) and from an IC to the outside. In addition, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 182133/1992 discloses a method of providing a shallow connection slot at the end part extended from a slot of a pressure chamber and jointing an electrode in said connection slot and an electrode of a circuit base having a driving circuit with a copper foil wire. The driving electrode 4 performes a mounting treatment for performing connection with the above IC or a copper foil wire electrically somewhere (generally at the end part opposite to the ink jetting side). For this, the electroconductive surface of said driving electrode must be usually exposed at the place where said mounting treatment is performed. As countermeasures for the above, no insulating film has been applied on the place not coming into contact with ink or a method of performing a wiring treatment after taking off an insulating film once applied has been employed. In order to apply no insulating film only on a mounting treatment part, however, it is necessary to perform a masking treatment on the part in advance, which makes treating processes complicated. Besides, since the insulating film 6 is formed so as to have a fully strong adhesion with the driving electrode 4 for preventing a short circuit caused by the permeation of ink, it is very difficult to perform a method of taking off said insulating film formed partially. In addition, even if a construction not forming the insulating film 6 partially is accomplished, the permeation of ink may easily occur on the interface of the insulating film and the driving electrode with the end part of the insulating film as a starting point, which, moreover, may lead to a problem of peeling on said interface. Regarding connection with an external driving circuit, to form an electroconductive pattern on a piezoelectric base according to the method of the above Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 252750/1988 can be said to have serious problems for practical use according to the following reasons: (1) a piezoelectric material is extremely easily affected by acid and alkali and it is extremely difficult to perform etching and patterning a metallic thin film according to a photolithography technique; and (2) a piezoelectric material easily causes the deterioration of polarization due to heat and it is difficult to perform a process of calcinating an, electroconductive paste after thick film printing. On the other hand, according to the method of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 182133/1992, a copper foil wire cannot but be made an extremely weak and thin form on condition of about 100 µm pitch as described above, and there is a large possibility of deformation and breakage. Moreover, the number of copper foil wires to be used for one head is from several tens to one hundred and several tens, and it requires great care and efforts to put all these copper foil wires into the above connection slot provided on the piezoelectric base without breakage to joint them. As a result of it, working efficiency deteriorates, which invites a large increase of the cost. Moreover, a conventional shearing mode type has the following problems on deformation of the pressure chamber. Prior arts of ink jet heads employing the shearing mode are described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 252750/1988. The construction and operation principle will be described according to Fig. 16, Fig. 17 and Fig. 19. Fig. 19 is an analytic perspective view of an ink jet head employing a shearing mode and forms a lot of long and thin slots on a piezoelectric material 28 such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate) in parallel. And the upper surface parts of barriers 48ab and 48bc remaining among slots are bonded to a glass, ceramic or plastic lid 2 with an elastic component 3 softly. As a result of it, the slots becomes pressure chambers 38a, 38b and 38c filled with ink. One end of each of pressure chambers 38a, 38b and 38c can supply ink from a common ink reservoir (not shown), and a nozzle plate 7 with a small nozzle 5 is adhered to the other end. Here, the piezoelectric material 28 including barriers 48ab and 48bc are polarized in one direction as shown by an arrow 8 (or in the reverse direction). Electrodes 18a, 18b and 18c are formed in, the internal surface of slots. Fig. 16 is a sectional construction view of an ink jet head employing the shearing mode on non-driving. Here, if positive electric potential sufficiently large to the electrode 18b is given to the electrode 18a of Fig. 16, the barrier 48ab causes deformation of a shearing mode according to the direct crossing of a line of electric force 58ab and the polarization direction of the piezoelectric material in the barrier as shown in Fig. 17. If the same thing is performed about the barrier 48bc, the sectional area of the pressure chamber 38b reduces from the initial condition of Fig. 16 to the condition of Fig. 17. Namely, if the pressure chamber 38b is filled with ink, the pressure of ink rises instantaneously by the reduction of the volume of the slot and ink drops are jetted from the nozzle. In an ink jet head employing a conventional shearing mode, the sectional forms of the bottoms of pressure chambers 38a, 38b and 38c were linear. In order to cause deformation purely of a shearing mode, it is desirable that an electric field between the eloectrodes 18a and 18b on both sides of the barrier 48ab is concentrated only into the barrier 48ab. However, actually, a line of electric force 68ab occurs by the leakage of an electric field to the barrier 48ab and the lower part of the pressure chamber 38a. Similarly, a line of electric force 68bc occurs by the leakage of an electric field to the barrier 48bc and the lower part of the pressure chamber 38bc. Around the bottom part of the pressure chamber 38b, since lines of electric force 68ab and 68bc look to the same direction almost in parallel with the polarization direction of the piezoelectric material at the lower parts of the pressure chambers 38a and 38b, elongation deformation in the direction occurs and the bottom part of the pressure chamber 38b is lifted up as shown with a one-dot chain line. On the other hand, around the bottom part of the pressure chamber 38b, the line of electric force 68ab and the polarization direction of the piezoelectric material become opposite almost in parallel, and shrinkage deformation in the direction occurs to cause deformation with said bottom sunken as shown with a one-dot chain line. Such deformation is called a revolution. Describing the revolution briefly according to Fig. 18, the piezoelectric material 28 is deformed as shown with a two-dot chain line when only the barrier 78a is driven to deform the surrounding barriers 78b and 78c different from the barrier 78a. Since such a revolution acts to a direction as to contradict the deformation of a shearing mode of the barrier 48ab and the barrier 48bc, it reduces jetting power as an ink jet head. However, on the other hand, the bottom part of the pressure chamber 38b rises to reduce the sectional area of a pressure chamber, and hence an effect of increasing the, above jetting power can be anticipated. The present inventors measured the amount of displacement of the barrier 78a according to laser measurement with a view to making the balance clear. In the experiment, a very small mirror is adhered onto the upper surface of a barrier, and altering voltage to be applied onto electrodes on both sides of the barrier, the moving amount of the mirror is measured according to laser light irradiated onto the mirror, which is converted into the amount of deformation of the barrier. According to the result, the amount of change of the volume of the pressure chamber 38b in Fig. 17 became considerably small, about two-thirds of the case of only an imaginary shearing mode. As a result of it, ink jetting power reduces sharply and the jetting speed of ink drops reduces. The reduction of the jetting speed induces the instability of the jetting direction of ink drops, which not only causes the deviation of the position of printed dots but also makes it impossible to jet ink made highly viscous around the nozzle, which leads to a fatal defect of the dislocation of printed dots. It is a first object of the present invention to dissolve a problem upon in insulating film at the above mounting treatment part and it is a second object to provide an ink jet head having high reliability and high performance, and being small and produced at low costs by dissolving a problem upon connection with the above external circuit. Disclosure of the Invention According to the invention there is provided an ink jet head having the features recited in Claim 1 and a method of producing a head comprising the features of Claim 8. In order to dissolve the above first problem, an insulating film is formed on a driving electrode of a mounting treatment part in addition onto a driving electrode of a pressure chamber and left in the ink jet head of the present invention, and electric connection with an IC or an external electrode is performed with an electrical jointing component containing electroconductive particles with a higher hardness and a larger diameter than those of said insulating film. According to the above, electric connection between an external electrode and a driving electrode can be performed while an insulating film exists on the driving electrode. At this time, since the above electroconductive particles have a higher hardness and a larger thickness than those of said insulating film, the electroconductive particles break said insulating film to reach the above driving electrode and at the same time pop out from the insulating film to come into contact with the external electrode. Because of this, the driving electrode connects with the external electrode electrically through said electroconductive particles. In this case, a particularly important effect is that the occurrence of various defects due to a short circuit between driving electrodes can be prevented even if undesirable conditions such as ink adhesion and moisure condensation occur at said mounting part, which can improve the reliability of a head. In this case, as is apparent according to Fig. 1 later, the circumference of the above electroconductive particles is also protected electrically with an adhesive insulating component constructing the above electrical jointing component, and no problem upon reliability at the part of said electroconductive particles occurs. In addition, the above difficulties in the process of removing an insulating film disappear, needless to say. Further, in order to dissolve the above second problem, the present invention employs a pattern electrode formed on a film according to the means dissolving the above first problem as an external electrode and performs mounting by fitting said pattern electrode to a connection slot provided on one end of the above piezoelectric base. It is characterized in that the thickness of the pattern electrode is larger than the depth of the above connection slot by more than 10 µm. By mounting a connection slot and a pattern electrode according to fitting construction, various advantages upon reliability and a yield as below can be fulfilled: (1) adhesion strength between an external electrode and a piezoelectric base increases; (2) the probability of the occurrence of a short circuit between adjacent electrodes, which becomes a problem in case of performing mounting at a minute pitch with an electrical jointing component containing electroconductive particles, can be reduced remarkably; and (3) the defect of deviation of the position between a driving electrode and an external electrode can be reduced. Moreover, since a film with a pattern electrode is used, defects caused by the curving of the above copper foil wire in use can be removed almost perfectly. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of a mounting treatment part of a first ink jet head according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 is an analytic perspective view thereof. Fig. 3 is an analytic perspective view of a mounting treatment part of a second ink jet head according to the present invention, Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the mounting treatment part, and Fig. 5 is an explanatory view for its characteristics. Figs. 6-8 show a pressure chamber of an ink jet head; Fig. 6 is a sectional view on non-driving, Fig. 7 is a sectional view on driving, and Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a part of a barrier. Figs. 9-11 show a pressure chamber of an ink jet head; Fig. 9 is a sectional view on non-driving, Fig. 10 is a sectional view on driving, and Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a part of a barrier. Fig. 12 is a sectional view on non-driving of an ink jet head. Fig. 13 is a sectional view on non-driving of an ink jet head. Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a pressure chamber of an ink jet head of a conventional shearing mode. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a pressure chamber of an ink jet head of a conventional shearing mode having no insulating film and Figs. 16-19 show a conventional ink jet head employing a shearing mode; Fig. 16 is a sectional structural view on non-driving, Fig. 17 is a sectional view on driving, Fig. 18 shows the condition of the deformation of barriers of a piezoelectric material and its surrounding barriers on driving, and Fig. 19 is an analytic perspective view. Best Embodiment for Performing the Invention Embodiment 1 The present invention will be described in detail according to attached drawings. Fig. 2 is an analytic perspective view of an ink jet head according to the present invention. A sheet-like piezoelectric base 1 has a first slot with a rectangular sectional form becoming a pressure chamber 1a and a second slot crossing with said slot and becoming an ink supply path 10 for supplying ink into said slot, and a driving electrode 4 is formed on the inner wall of said first slot. The driving electrode 4 extends to the tip of the ink supply path 10 to become a shallow connection slot 35 at the rear end part (B part) of the head and is mount-connected with an external electrode 9 here. At this time, a treatment for preventing ink from flowing is performed between said ink supply path 10 and said connection slot 35 with a sealing component or the like. An upper lid 2 is adhered to make the above first slot a pressure chamber 1a, and a nozzle plate 7 is secured to the front end part of the head so that a nozzle hole 5 is provided in correspondence to said pressure chamber. Ink introduced into the thus prepared head through the ink supply path 10 is jetted from the nozzle hole 5 as ink drops by changing the pressure of the pressure chamber 1a in correspondence to a signal from the external electrode 9. The cross section at the A part shown with a two-dot chain line is identical with that of Fig. 14 of a conventional example. Fig. 1 is an enlarged view of the rear end part (B part) of a head of Fig. 2, a side view for explaining the present invention in detail. In the present embodiment, an insulating film 6 is formed on the driving electrode 4, and further the external electrode 9 is jointed mechanically and electrically with an electrical jointing component containing electroconductive particles 11. As a specific constitution, a gold film with a thickness of 0.3 µm is formed on the piezoelectric base 1 of PZT (lead zirconate titanate) as the driving electrode 4 according to spattering. Subsequently, poly-para-xylylene with a thickness of 5 µm is formed as the insulating film 6 according to chemical metallizing. Poly-para-xylylene is a soft film with a Rockwell hardness of R80 (ASTM-D-785) and a pencil hardness of H. The external electrode 9 formed of gold-plated copper foil and the driving electrode 4 are jointed electrically with an electrical jointing component 12 containing electroconductive particles 11 with an average particle diameter of 7 µm. Said jointing component has an epoxy resin as the aggregate and Ni particles of a hard metal dispersed therein as electroconductive particles 11. As a mounting process, the above aggregate is cured according to heat contact bonding from the top of the external electrode 9 to accomplish mechanical linking, and hard electroconductive particles 11 break the insulating film 6 very soft in comparison with them on pressurizing to accomplish electrical jointing. The reliability of electrical jointing was examined by determining the average particle diameter of electroconductive particles 11 to 7 µm and changing the thickness of a poly-para-xylene film. The results are shown in Table 1. When the measured value of resistance between a driving electrode and an external electrode was beyond 1Ω, it was deemed as a defect, and 5 samples having 50 pressure chambers per head were prepared per each film thickness to obtain percentages of defects. Film thickness (µm) 3 5 7 9 11 Defects (%) 0 0 2 16 62 It is apparent that it is an important condition for ensuring electrical jointing that the particle diameter d of electroconductive particles 11 is larger than the thickness t of the insulating film 6. It is deemed that the driving electrode 4 and the external electrode 9 are electrically connected since electroconductive particles break through the insulating film 6 and pop out at both sides of the insulating film. It is necessary for ensuring the insulating properties between ink and the driving electrode 4 with poly-para-xylylene that said insulating film has a thickness of 1 µm or more, preferably 3 µm or more, and inevitably that d is 1 µm or more, preferably 3 µm or more. As high polymeric, relatively soft insulating films can be also mentioned a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin and a silicone resin according to coating and polyethylene and polystyrene according to plasma polymerization. On the other hand, as a relatively hard insulating film were formed about 2 µm of a silicone oxide film with a hardness almost the same as that of Ni. In this case, the percentage of defects corresponding to Table 1 was 5 % and it was revealed that Ni particles might fail to break through an insulating film sufficiently in some cases. However, such a thing will not occur when a silicone oxide film is formed on the above poly-para-xylylene film, and it can be said that its properties will be dominative if it is used together with a soft film. It is apparent that what has been shown in the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an electrode with insulation on the inner surface of a lid performed also in case of an expanding mode disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 159358/1984. It could be easily guessed that the above can be applied between a bump formed on an IC and an electrode on a piezoelectric base also in case of connection with an IC disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 252750/1988. Embodiment 2 Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention, a part corresponding to the B part of Fig. 2. A slot extending from a pressure chamber 1a is treated to be a shallow connection slot 35 at the back end part of a piezoelectric base 1, and a driving electrode 4 and an insulating film 6 thereupon are formed in said connection slot 35. The portion is similar to that of Fig. 2. On the other hand, it is an important point of the present invention that an external electrode has a pattern electrode 49 on a film 39, which is flexible wiring. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of an ink jet head shown in Fig. 3 around the connection slot. The pattern electrode 49 is mounted in a fitting manner with the connection slot 35, and, as described above, said electrode and driving electrode 4 can be connected electrically with electroconductive particles 11. In the heat contact bonding process for curing an electrical jointing component 12 containing electroconductive particles, press heating is performed in one lot with a hot tool from the top of the film 39. At this time, the space between the part without the above pattern electrode on the lower surface of the film 39 and the surface of the piezoelectric base is filled with said jointing component and cured. Because of it, mechanical jointing strength between a film with said pattern electrode and the piezoelectric base 1 is enhanced sharply. Compared with the case that jointing with a plain electrode surface, it is advantageous particularly in a liquid crystal pannel and the like that the volume of the above space between said pattern electrodes is very small according to the constitution of the present invention and is filled with the above jointing component 12 effectively. In addition, the electrical jointing component 12 containing electroconductive particles 11 is a so-called anisotropic electroconductive component capable of obtaining electroconductivity in a direction of thickness but expressing insulating properties in a planar direction; according to the constitution of the present invention, however, the performance of expressing insulating properties in said planar direction is improved even in case of a minute pitch since adjacent electrodes are separated according to the three-dimensional form of slots. Besides, relative positioning between the pattern electrode 49 and the connection slot 35 becomes easy due to the fitting structure. Moreover, in comparison with the external electrode of Fig. 2, a lot of wiring electrodes can be handled stably since the pattern electrode 49 is fitted with the film 39. The influence of the difference between the thickness D1 of the pattern electrode 49 and the depth D2 of the connection slot 35 upon ensuring of a mounting treatment was examined. The results are shown in Fig. 5 The transverse axis shows values of D1-D2 according to various constitutions and the vertical axis shows percentages of conductive defects. The measurement of said conductive defects was performed in the same manner as in Table 1. It is apparent according to the results that when the value of D1-D2 is more than 10 µm, that is, when the thickness of the above pattern electrode 49 is larger than the depth of the above connection slot 30 by at least 10 µm, excellent electrical jointing can be accomplished. Embodiment 3 Next, an embodiment related to a pressure chamber of an ink jet head will be described according to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 corresponds to Fig. 16 of a conventional example. Here, pressure chambers 30a, 30b and 30c related to ink jetting correspond to pressure chambers 38a, 38b and 38c of Fig. 16 respectively, and similarly to Fig. 16, a nozzle 5 is provided at the end part of each pressure chamber. The most different point of this embodiment from conventional examples is that a concave part 70 is provided at the bottom part of pressure chambers 30a, 30b and 30c. In Fig. 6, the sectional form of the concave part 70 at the bottom part of a pressure chamber is formed of at least two lines combined; particularly both lines are linear, and the right and the left have almost symmetric forms. Here, electrodes 4a, 4b and 4c are formed in the internal surfaces of pressure chambers. Fig. 7 is an explanatory view for the effect of the present embodiment, corresponding to Fig. 17 of a conventional example. Here, if sufficiently large positive potential is given to the electrode 4b, the line of electric force 50ab in the barrier 40ab is formed so that it crosses with the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material, and the barrier 40bc causes the deformation of a shearing mode similarly to the case of Fig. 17. Similarly to Fig. 17, the sectional area (volume of the flow path of the pressure chamber 30b) of the pressure chamber 30b related to ink jetting reduces according to the deformation of a shearing mode of barriers 40ab and 40bc to cause ink to jet out of the nozzle 5. Here, a function of controlling a revolution at the bottom part of a pressure chamber of a piezoelectric material, an effect of the present invention, will be described. It has been explained according to Fig. 17 that a revolution operating so as to contradict the deformation of barriers by a shearing mode occurs by a leakage electric field to the bottom part of the piezoelectric material 1. Here, a leakage electric field will be described again about the present embodiment according to Fig. 7. In the present embodiment, the line of electric force caused by a leakage electric field becomes a curve from a slope at the right side of the bottom part of the pressure chamber 30a (side having a certain direction not right-angled to the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material) to a slope at the left side of the bottom part Of the pressure chamber 30b like lines of electric force 60ab and 60bc. Here, the function will be described according to Fig. 8, an enlarged view of the bottom part of a pressure chamber. The direction of the end point of the line of electric force 60ab shown in Fig. 7 is expressed as the direction vector A. The direction vector A can be divided into two directional components of the vector X and the vector Y. The vector X is a vector component in a direction of crossing with the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material. Because of it, the vector X functions purely in a direction helping a shearing mode. On the other hand, the vector Y is a vector component in parallel with the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material. Because of it, the vector Y functions in a direction inducing a revolution. When the sectional form of the bottom of a slot is formed of a line combined with one straight line as in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, the direction vector of the end point of a line of electric force is only a component in a direction of the vector Y with no component corresponding to the vector X. In comparison of the embodiment with conventional examples, when the sectional form of the bottom part of a slot is formed of a segment combined with at least two lines, force upon the bottom part of the slot given by a line of electric force occurring on application of voltage is dispersed into two directions, and the value of the component Y inducing a revolution becomes smaller as a whole than in case that the sectional form of the bottom part of a slot is composed of a line combined with one straight line. On the other hand, though the explanation has been performed about the end point of the line of electric force 60ab, the same can be said about the starting point. In addition, when the bottom part of a pressure chamber of the piezoelectric material 1 is almost bisymmetric, a revolution, one of influences by a leakage electric field between the electrodes 4a and 4b, is caused by a leakage electric field influenced by the right half of the electrode 4a mounted in the pressure chamber 30a. For, regarding an element as a leakage electric field influenced by the left half of the electrode 4a, the length of a line of electric force produced by the left half of the electrode 4a and the electrode 4b becomes very long and can be disregarded compared with an influence by the right half of the electrode 4a. Because of it, the range of an influence by a leakage electric field reduces by about 2/3 in the present invention in comparison with a conventional one in which the bottom part of a pressure chamber is linear. Embodiment 4 Fig. 9 corresponds to Fig. 16 of a conventional example and shows another embodiment of an ink jet head. Here, pressure chambers 32a, 32b and 32c related to ink jetting correspond to ink chambers 38a, 38b and 38c of Fig. 16 respectively, and similarly to Fig. 16, a nozzle 5 is provided at the end part of each pressure chamber. The most different point of the present embodiment from conventional examples is that a concave part 72 is provided at the bottom parts of ink chambers 31a, 32b and 32c. In Fig. 9, the sectional form of the concave part 72 at the bottom part of a pressure chamber is composed of one slant straight line and hence it is non-symmetric. Fig. 10 is an explanatory view for the function of the present embodiment, corresponding to Fig. 17 of a conventional example. A function of controlling a revolution at the bottom part of an ink chamber of a piezoelectric material, an effect of the example, will be described. First of all, a revolution operating so as to contradict the deformation of a barrier by a shearing mode will be described according to Fig. 10. A line of electric force caused by a leakage electrid field becomes a curve from a side almost right-angled to the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material to a side with a certain angle (or in reverse) like lines of electric force 62ab and 62bc. In addition, the function will be described according to Fig. 11, an enlarged view of the bottom part of a pressure chamber. The vector at the end point of the line of electric force 62ab shown in Fig. 10 is expressed as the direction vector B (Fig. 11). The direction vector B can be divided into two directional components of the vector U and the vector V. The vector U is a vector component in a direction of crossing with the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material. Because of it, the vector U functions purely in a direction helping a shearing mode. On the other hand, the vector V is a vector component in parallel with the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material. Because of it, the vector V functions in a direction inducing a revolution. When the sectional form of the bottom part of a slot is composed of a line combined with one straight line with no slope (Fig. 16, Fig. 17), the direction vector at the end point of a line of electric force is only a component in a direction of the vector V with no component corresponding to the vector U. In comparison of the present embodiment with conventional examples, when the sectional form of the bottom part of a slot is composed of a line combined with one slant straight line, force upon the bottom part of the slot given by a line of electric force occurring on application of voltage is dispersed into two directions, and the value of the component Y inducing a revolution becomes smaller as a whole than in case that the sectional form of the bottom part of a slot is composed of one straight line with no slope. Namely, in the present embodiment can be obtained the same effect as in embodiments shown in Figs. 6-8. Since a vector component at the end point becomes almost right-angled to a polarization direction, deformation purely of a shearing mode occurs. Next, non-symmetry of the bottom part of a pressure chamber in a piezoelectric material 22 will be described. When a pressure chamber has a bottom part composed of one slant straight line as shown in Fig. 10, the right side of the pressure chamber 32a is linear and hence a component causing deformation purely of a shearing mode is very large. Hence, most of components of a revolution are at the left side, and components of a revolution can be reduced as a whole. According to the above, it is not always necessary that the form of the bottom part of a pressure chamber is symmetric. Embodiment 5 Fig. 12 corresponds to Fig. 16 of a conventional example and shows the constitution of another embodiment related to a pressure chamber of an ink jet head. Here, an ink chamber 34 related to ink jetting corresponds to ink chambers 38a, 38b and 38c of Fig. 16, and similarly to Fig. 16, a nozzle 5 is provided at the end part of each ink chamber. The most different point of the present embodiment from conventional examples is that a concave part 74 is provided at the bottom part of the pressure chamber 34. In case of Fig. 12, the concave form of the concave part 74 at the bottom part of a pressure chamber is composed of a segment combined with at least two lines, which is mentioned as an example of an embodiment having a form composed of two curved sides and one straight line. Since the bottom part of a slot has a curved side, the direction of a line of electric force on a curve formed by applying voltage on an electrode 14 becomes normal, and since the direction vector of the line of electric force has a horizontal direction component in a polarization direction, the same effect as in Embodiment 3 (Figs. 6-8) can be obtained. Here, a leakage electric field at the curved part of the bottom part of an ink chamber causes a revolution function slowly as it turns to the bottom part of the pressure chamber 34, which has another effect of causing deformation of a smooth shearing mode since the point of a deformation function purely of a shearing mode comes upward in the concave part of the bottom part of a pressure chamber. In the present embodiment, it is also not always necessary that it is bisymmetric as described in Embodiment 4 (Figs. 9-11). Embodiment 6 Fig. 13 corresponds to Fig. 16 of a conventional example and shows another embodiment related to a pressure chamber of an ink jet head. Here, a pressure chamber 36 related to ink jetting corresponds to ink chambers 38a, 38b and 38c of Fig. 16, and similarly to Fig. 16, a nozzle 5 is provided at the end part of each pressure chamber. The most different point of the present embodiment from conventional examples is that a concave part 76 is provided at the bottom part of the pressure chamber 36. In the present embodiment, the concave form of the concave part 76 at the bottom part of a slot is formed of a line combined with one curve. Only one difference from Embodiment 5 is that the present embodiment contains no straight line, and the same effect as in Embodiment 3 can be obtained. Moreover, it may be non-symmetric similarly as described in Embodiments 4 and 5. Possibility of Industrial Utilization As described above, according to the present invention, electrical connection can be accomplished in a state of forming an insulating film on an electrode at the side of an ink jet head in the mounting treatment part with an external electrode. As a result of it, not only said mounting process can be simplified but also an ink jet head with high reliability can be obtained in which a problem of a short circuit due to adhesion of ink or the like is dissolved by allowing an insulating film to remain completely. Moreover, it can be applied to a head of a more minute pitch by employing a film with a pattern electrode and it becomes possible to accomplish the miniaturization of an ink jet head, and higher reliability and a lower price thereof. As described above, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to allow a part needing no insulating film on an electrode to have no insulating film according to a masking treatment or the like or to omit a process of taking an insulating film off after application thereof, and hence a wiring treatment can be simplified. In addition, since it never occurs that an insulating film cannot be removed perfectly, reliability in mounting improves remarkably. Next, in an ink jet head, the sectional form of the bottom part of a slot becoming an ink chamber and pressure chamber is composed of a segment containing a slope not vertical to a polarization direction. More precisely, the bottom part of an ink chamber has a concave part, and one of the concave forms at the concave part of the bottom part is composed of at least two lines, one is composed of one slant straight line and one is composed of one curve. Since the direction of a line of electric force at the bottom part is normal to a slope and has an angle to the polarization direction of a piezoelectric material due to it, the line of electric force can be divided into a vertical direction component to a polarization direction and a component in parallel therewith, and the vertical direction component causes deformation purely of a shearing mode and the parallel direction component induces a revolution. However, while the sectional form of the bottom part of a pressure chamber is combined with one straight line in prior arts, the function of a revolution can be reduced and an effect of a shearing mode can be obtained. According to the above, the deterioration of ink jetting power reduces to dissolve the decrease of a jetting speed of ink drops, and further ink made highly viscous around a nozzle can also be jetted.

Claims: An ink jet head for an ink jet printer having a pressure chamber (1a) formed by slot-processing a piezoelectric material for jetting ink, a driving electrode (4) provided on said pressure chamber (1a) and an insulating film (6) formed on said driving electrode (4), a part of said insulating film (6) coming into contact with the ink, characterized in that electrical connection between the driving electrode (4) and an external electrode (9) is performed by providing electroconductive particles (11) through said insulating film (6) by means of an electrical jointing component (12) containing said electroconductive particles (11). An ink jet head as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrical jointing component (12) contains electroconductive particles (11) with a particle diameter larger than the thickness of said insulating film (6) and a hardness higher than that of said insulating film (6). An ink jet head as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said insulating film (6) is a poly-paraxylylene film. An ink jet head as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said driving electrode (4) is formed on a part of the inner wall of said pressure chamber (1a) formed of a piezoelectric material. An ink jet head as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said pressure chamber (1a) formed by slot-processing a piezoelectric base (1) becomes a connection slot with a shallow depth at the jointing part with said external electrode (9). An ink jet head as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said external electrode (9) has a pattern electrode (49) on a film. An ink jet head as claimed in claim 6, wherein the thickness of said pattern electrode (49) is greater than the depth of a connection slot by 10 µm or more. A method of producing an ink jet head for an ink jet printer having a pressure chamber (1a) formed by slot-processing a piezoelectric material for jetting ink, a driving electrode (4) provided on said pressure chamber (1a) and an insulating film (6) formed on said driving electrode (4), a part of said insulating film (6) coming into contact with the ink, characterized in that electroconductive particles (11) pass through said insulating film (6) by providing an electrical jointing component (12) containing electroconductive particles (11) with a particle diameter larger than the thickness of said insulating film (6) and a hardness higher than that of said insulating film (6) and conducting pressurizing in a state of heating from the top of an external electrode (9) to perform electrical connection between the driving electrode (4) and the external electrode (9).

Inventors: HIRAISHI HISATO, IKEDA TOMOO, KIGAWA KEISUKE, NAGASHIMA TAKAYUKI, UGA MASAYASU, HIRAISHI, HISATO, IKEDA, TOMOO, KIGAWA, KEISUKE, NAGASHIMA, TAKAYUKI, UGA, MASAYASU
Applicants: CITIZEN WATCH CO LTD, CITIZEN WATCH CO. LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2