2'-deoxy-2', 2'-difluoro(4-substituted pyrimidine) nucleosides having antiviral and anti-cancer activity and intermediates

Abstract: 2-Deoxy-2,2-Difluoro (4-Substituted) Pyrimidine Nucleosides Having Anti-Cancer and Anti-Viral Activity and Intermediates.

Description: The invention relates to substituted pyrimidine nucleosides having anti-tumor and anti-viral activity and methods for using same. While the treatment of cancer was once considered impossible, great strides have been made to control the ravages of this often fatal disease. Several drugs which contribute to the increasing rate of survival are now routinely used clinically. The most commonly employed anti-tumor agents include methotrexate, doxorubicin and the vinca alkaloids such as, vincristine and pyrimidine nucleosides. Deoxydifluoro pyrimidine nucleosides that exhibit anti-tumor activity have been described in European Patent Specification Nos. 329,348; 339,161; 184,365; and 211,354. It is also known that anti-viral agents are found among the general family of nucleosides. For example, 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro- β -D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (FMAU) and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro- β -D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) are described by Watanabe, K.A., et. al., in the Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of 2'-"Up"-Fluoro Analogues of Active Anti-AIDS Nucleosides 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2'.3'-Dideoxycytidine (DDC) , J. Med. Chem., 33, p 2145-50 (1990) as potent anti-herpetics. Also, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabino-5-iodouridine (FIAU) is described by Sterzycki, R. Z.,et. al., in Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Several 2'-Fluoro Containing Pyrimidine Nucleosides , J. Med. Chem., 33, p 2150-2157 (1990) as effective against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Deoxydifluoro pyrimidine nucleosides exhibiting anti-viral activity are described in European Patent Specification Nos. 345,751; 122,707; and 339,161; and U.S. Patent Nos. 4,526,988; 4,965,374; and 4,692,434. However, research continues to develop effective compounds with greater safety for the subjects under treatment. According to the present invention there is provided a compound of the formula wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, bromo, fluoro, chloro, iodo, bromovinyl, and amino; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The term "substituted" alone or in combination refers to substitution by at least one or more groups at the 4-position of the pyrimidine ring. The term "halo" alone or in combination refers to chloro, fluoro, bromo or iodo. The phrase "pharmaceutically effective amount" alone or in combination refers to an appropriate amount of a compound of formula (I) which is capable of providing chemotherapy to mammals. The phrase "anti-virally effective amount" alone or in combination refers to an appropriate amount of a compound of formula (I) which is capable of preventing or inhibiting the presence of viral infections in mammals. The phrase "susceptible neoplasm" alone or in combination refers to an abnormal growth of tissue in mammals capable of being treated by a compound of formula (I). The phrase "inert solvent" alone or in combination refers to substances that provide a medium in which a reaction can occur but otherwise do not materially contribute to the reaction. The phrase "active ingredient" alone or in combination refers to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" alone or in combination refers to a carrier, diluent or excipient compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. The phrase "unit dosage form" alone or in combination refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. In one aspect, the invention provides intermediate 5 compounds of formula (II) (wherein X is a hydroxy protecting group and Z is as defined above) useful in the preparation of the compounds of formula (I). The intermediate compounds of formula (II) may be prepared by the procedure described in Synthesis of 2-Deoxy2,2-difluoro-D-ribose and 2-Deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl Nucleosides , J. Org. Chem., 53 , 2406-2409 (1988). In general, this procedure requires preparing a β-1-(2-Oxo-4-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate first by treating a β-1-(2,4-Dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose with 1,2,4-triazole and p-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate in pyridine. The resulting β-1-(2-Oxo-4-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-20 2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate is then added to triethylamine along with a suitable nucleophile such as, hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a solvent such as p-dioxane. The solvent is removed and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer is dried in vacuo over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to yield a blocked intermediate compound of formula (II). If the nucleophile is a free base such as, methylamine then the triethylamine may be eliminated. When ethyl carbamate is the nucleophile, 1 equivalent to 3 equivalents of sodium hydride or other suitable base and a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran are needed to activate the nucleophile. When ethyl carbazate is the nucleophile, the reaction mixture is preferably heated to about 70°C for 3 hours to 15 hours in order to drive the reaction to completion. When the nucleophilic substitution includes an ester moiety such as glycine ethyl ester, the hydrolysis of the ester to a carboxylic acid may be accomplished using standard hydrolysis conditions such as sodium hydroxide, alcohol and water. When the nucleophile is an azide moiety, the bicyclic compounds of formula (I) may be formed by the procedure described by C. Wentrup in Hetarylnitrenes II, Tetrahedron , 26 , p 4969-4983 (1970). For example, a 4-azido substituent may be cyclized on the pyrimidine ring to the 3 position. In the case of a 4-carbazate substituent, the cyclization is promoted by heating in the absence of solvent. It is generally desirable to convert the free hydroxy groups to protected hydroxy groups (X). The protecting groups are those commonly used in synthetic organic chemistry. Chemists are accustomed to choosing protecting groups which can be efficiently placed on and easily removed once the reaction is complete. Suitable hydroxy protecting groups known in the art are described in Chapter 3 of Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry , McOmie Ed., Plenum Press, New York (1973), and Chapter 2 of Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , Green, John, J. Wiley and Sons, New York (1981); preferred are acetyl and t-butyldimethylsilyl. In attaching the hydroxy protecting groups, typical reaction conditions are employed and depend on the nature of the protecting group chosen and are discussed in U.S. Patent 4,526,988. To obtain a compound of formula (I) requires removal of the protecting group by deblocking procedures, (A), (B) or (C) described below. In deblocking procedure (A), the intermediate of formula (II) is dissolved under anhydrous conditions in dichloromethane and saturated with anhydrous hydrogen bromide at 0°C to 5°C. The reaction mixture is then allowed to warm to room temperature. Next, the reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo to an oil, dissolved in water and washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer is evaporated in vacuo to yield a compound of formula (I). In deblocking procedure (B), the intermediate of formula (II) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and treated at ambient temperature with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. After 1 hour, the solvent is removed, the product is dissolved in water and washed with ethyl acetate. The water is then removed in vacuo to yield a compound of formula (I). Finally, deblocking procedure (C) requires dissolving the intermediate of formula (II) in methanol, cooling to ice bath temperatures and saturating with anhydrous ammonia. The reaction mixture is then stirred at room temperature for several hours after which the solvent is removed to yield a compound of formula (I). Modifications to the above processes may be necessary to accommodate the reactive functionalities of particular substituents. Such modifications would either be apparent or already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. The following illustrate compounds of formula (I) contemplated within the scope of the present invention: (a) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5(6H)-one; (b) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H,6H)-dione; (c) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]-8-methylpyrimidine-5(6H)-one; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Preferred compounds of formula (I) are compounds (a) and (b) (j) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Although generally neutral, particular compounds of formula (I) can possess sufficiently acidic or basic functional groups to react with any of a number of inorganic bases and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Acids commonly employed to form acid addition salts are inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium, potassium, lithium or ammonium acid addition salts and the like, organic acids such as p -toluene-sulfonic, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p -bromo-phenyl-sulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like. Examples of such pharmaceutically acceptable salts are sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caproate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-1,4-dioate, hexyne-1,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, g-hydroxybutyrate, glycollate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, mandelate, and the like. Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are those formed with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, and those formed with organic acids such as maleic acid and methanesulfonic acid. Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as ammonium or alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like. Such bases useful in preparing the salts of this invention thus include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like. The potassium and sodium salt forms are particularly preferred. It is recognized that various anomeric forms of the compound of formulas (I) and (II) may exist. This invention is not limited to any particular anomer but rather includes all possible individual anomers and mixtures thereof; preferred are the beta-anomers. The compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can also exist as various solvates, such as with water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, and the like. Mixtures of such solvates can also be prepared. The source of such solvate can be from the solvent of crystallization, inherent in the solvent of preparation or crystallization, or adventitious to such solvent. These solvates are also within the scope of the present invention. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts embraced by formula (I) of the present invention are prepared by reacting an equimolar or excess amount of an acid or base with a compound of formula (I) in a suitable mutual inert or substantially inert solvent or a mixture of solvents. The particular choice of solvent will depend on the relative solubility of the starting materials and resultant salts, and slurries rather than solutions of certain reagents may be used to obtain the salts. The salt forming reaction is carried out at -10°C to 100°C, preferably about room temperature and the solvent is removed by conventional means. The following examples illustrate specific aspects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof in any respect and should not be so construed. Preparative Example 1 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxyamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose Triethylamine (0.093 g, 0.92 mmol) was added to a solution of β-1-(2-Oxo-4-(1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (0.1 g, 0.18 mmol) and hydroxyamine hydrochloride (0.064 g, 0.92 mmol) in p-dioxane (2.7 ml). The solution was stirred for 2 days at room temperature. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 ml) and washed twice with water (5 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to form an β-1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxyamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate. The intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A) which gave 0.08 g of the titled product. (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 3.7-4.0 (series of m, 3H); 4.27(m, 1H); 5.99 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 6.14 (dd, 1H, H-1'); 8.04 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=279=parent. Example 2 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5(6H)-one Chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate (0.16 g, 0.65 mmol) was added to a solution of β-1-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (0.15 g, 0.43 mmol) in pyridine (4.0 ml). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Lithium azide (0.032 g, 0.66 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was again stirred overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was evaporated two times with toluene (5 ml). The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water, 1N hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate and twice with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed in vacuo to form an 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-3,5-di-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5(6H)-one intermediate. The intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (C). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified on a reversed phase C18 chromatography column with water as eluent and evaporated in vacuo to give 0.016 g of the titled product. (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 3.57-4.05 (series of m, 3H); 4.38 (m, lH); 6.38 (m, 1H, H-1'); 7.02 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 8.18(d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=289=parent. The compounds of Examples 3 thru 12 were prepared by substantially following the procedure in Example 1 and deblocking the resulting intermediate compound by the appropriate deblocking procedure. Preparative Example 3 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-ethylhydrazinocarboxylate-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-ethylhydrazinocarboxylate-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (B). (Neat, 300 MHz) δ 1.25 (m, 3-H, -CH₃); 3.7-4.32 (series of m, 6H); 5.72 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 6.19 (m, 1H, H-1') 7.3 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e= 350=parent. Example 4 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-ribofuranosyl)1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H,6H)-dione The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-ethylhydrazinocarboxylate-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (0.05 g) prepared in Example 3 was heated neat to 210°C for 15 minutes. The residue was cooled to form an 6-(3,5-bis-O-(t-butydimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H,6H)-dione intermediate which was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in water (5 ml) and washed twice with ether (3 ml). The water layer was evaporated in vacuo to yield 0.021 g of the titled product. (D₂O, 300 MHz) 8 3.77-4.07 (series of m, 3H); 4.37 (m, 1H); 6.25 (t, 1H, H-1'); 6.34 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 7.3 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=304=parent. Preparative Example 5 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-hydrazino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-hydrazino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 3.67-4.0 (two m, 3H); 4.28 (m, 1H); 5.97-6.23 (two m, 2H, H-5, H-1'); 8.13 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=279=parent. Preparative Example 6 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-aminocarboethoxy-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-12-Oxo-4-aminocarboethoxy-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 1.28 (m, 3-H, -CH₃); 3.7-4.0 (two m, 3H); 4.2 (m, 3H) 6.22 (dd, 1H, H-1'); 7.3 (t, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 8.27 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=336 M+. Preparative Example 7 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxymethylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxymethylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). (CD₃OD 300 MHz) δ 3.6 (s, 3H, -CH₃) 3.73-4.0 (two m, 3H); 4.28 (m, 1H) 6.13 (dd, 1H, H-1'); 6.36 (d J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 8.24 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=294=parent. Preparative Example 8 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-N-glycine ethyl ester-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-N-glycine ethyl ester-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 1.28 (t, 3H, -CH₃); 3.7-4.38 (series of m, 8-H); 6.18 (m, 1H, H-1'); 6.27 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 8.27 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=350=parent. Preparative Example 9 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-N-glycinyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-N-glycinyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 3.78 (m, 1H) 3.94 (m, 2H); 4.2-4.4 (m, 3H); 6.15 (m, 1H, H-1'); 6.3 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 8.24 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=321=parent Preparative Example 10 β-1-[2-Oxo-4-(2-methylhydrazino)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl]-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-(2-methylhydrazino)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (B). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 3.33 (s, 3H, -CH₃); 3.7-4.0 (m, 3H); 4.21 (m, 1H); 6.2 (t, 1H, H-1'); 6.73 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 7.78 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=292=parent. Preparative Example 11 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-N-alanine ethyl ester-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-N-alanine ethyl ester-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (A). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 1.21 (t, 3H, -CH₃); 2.6 (t, 2H, -CH₂) (3.6-4.3 (series of m, 8H); 5.84 ( d, J=8Hz, 1H, H-5); 6.19 (m, 1H, H-1'); 7.74 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=363=parent. Preparative Example 12 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-methylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose The β-1-(2-Oxo-4-methylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (B). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 2.86 (s, 3H, -CH₃) 3.7-3.95 (series of m, 3H); 4.22 (m, 1H, H-3'); 5.83 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-5); 6.19 (m, 1H, H-1'); 7.72 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=277=parent. The compound of Example 13 was prepared by the procedure described in Example 2. Example 13 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]-8-methylpyrimidine-5(6H)-one The 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-3,5-di-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]-8-methylpyrimidine-5(6H)-one intermediate was deblocked by deblocking procedure (C). (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 2.37 (s, 3-H, -CH₃); 3.78-4.2 (series of m, 3H); 4.4 (m, 1H, H-3'); 6.37 (m, 1H, H-1'); 7.98 (s, 1H, H-6); mass spectroscopy m/e=303=parent. Preparative Example 14 β-1-(2-Oxo-4-sulfhydryl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose Phosphorus pentasulfide (0.24 g, 0.53 mmol) was added to a solution of β-1-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (0.174 g, 0.5 mmol) in dioxane (7.0 ml) and the suspension was refluxed for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, the insolubles filtered and discarded and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a residue which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexane/ethyl acetate 3:2. The resulting β-1-(2-Oxo-4-sulfhydryl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,5-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose intermediate was deblocked with sodium hydroxide (2 N, 5.0 mol equiv.) in ethanol at ambient temperature and purified by normal phase column chromatography using ethyl acetate to give 0.14 g of the titled product. (CD₃OD, 300 MHz) δ 3.67-3.96 (series of m, 3H); 4.18-4.34 (m, 1H, H-3'); 6.08 (m, 1H, H-1'); 6.15 (d, J=8Hz, 1H, H-5); 7.64 (d, J= 8Hz, 1H, H-6) mass spectroscopy m/e=280=parent. In another aspect, the invention provides pharmaceutical formulations containing the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. The compounds of formula (I) are preferably formulated prior to administration. The active ingredient in such formulations comprises from 0.1 percent to 99.9 percent by weight of the formulation. The pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by procedures well known and with readily available ingredients. In making the compositions, the active ingredient is preferably admixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. When the carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a sclid, semi-solid or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, excipient or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10 percent by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, sterile packaged powders, and the like. Examples of suitable carriers, excipients, and diluents are lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, methyl cellulose, methylhydroxybenzoates, propylhydroxybenzoates, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil. The formulations may additionally include lubricating agents, wetting agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, and the like. The compositions of the invention may be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures well known in the art. The compositions are preferably formulated in a unit dosage or, each dosage generally containing form about 0.1 mg to about 3,000 mg, and preferably from about 1 mg to about 500 mg, of the active ingredient. However, it will be understood that the amount of compound actually administered will be determined by a physician, in the light of the relevant circumstances including the condition to be treated, the particular compound to be administered, the chosen route of administration, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, and the severity of the patient's symptoms, and therefore the above dosage ranges are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Formulation 1 Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following ingredients: Quantity (mg/capsule) Active ingredient 250 Starch, dried 200 Magnesium 10 Total 460 mg The above ingredients are mixed and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 460 mg quantities. Formulation 2 A tablet is prepared using the ingredients below: Quantity (mg/capsule) Active ingredient 250 Cellulose, microcrystalline 400 Silicon dioxide, fumed 10 Stearate acid 5 Total 665 mg The components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665 mg. Formulation 3 An aerosol solution is prepared containing the following components: Weight Percent Active ingredient 0.25 Ethanol 29.75 Propellant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) 70.00 The active compound is mixed with ethanol and the mixture added to a portion of the propellant 22, collected to -30°C and transferred to a filling device. The required amount is then placed in a stainless steel container and diluted with the remainder of the propellant. The valve units are then fitted to the container. Formulation 4 Tablets, each containing 60 mg of active ingredient, are made as follows: Active ingredient 60 mg Starch 45 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 35 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidonne (10% solution water) 4 mg Sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg Magnesium stearate starch 0.5 mg Talc 1 mg Total 150 mg The active ingredient, starch and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powder, and the mixture then is passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50°C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets each weighing 150 mg. Formulation 5 Capsules, each containing 80 mg of active ingredient, are made as follows: Active ingredient 80 mg Starch 59 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 59 mg Magnesium stearate 2 mg Total 200 mg The active ingredient, cellulose, starch, and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 200 mg quantities. Formulation 6 Suppositories, each containing 225 mg of active ingredient, are made as follows: Active ingredient 225 mg Saturated fatty acid glycerides 2.000 mg Total 2,225 mg The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2 g capacity and allowed to cool. Formulation 7 Suspensions, such containing 50 mg of active ingredient per 5 ml dose, are made as follows: Active ingredient 50 mg Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 50 mg Syrup 1.25 ml Benzoic acid solution 0.10 ml Flavor q.v. Color q.v. Purified water 5 ml The active ingredient is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor and color are diluted with a portion of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume. Formulation 8 An intravenous formulation may be prepared as follows: Active ingredient 100 mg Sodium alginate 500 mg Isotonic saline 1,000 ml The solution of the above ingredients generally is administered intravenously to a subject at a rate of 1 ml per minute. In another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating susceptible neoplasms in mammals comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I). The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are surprisingly advantageous for treating mammals suffering from disease states stemming from tumors. The treatment contemplated by the present method includes both medical therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment, as appropriate. The specific dosage level of the compound administered according to this invention will, of course, be determined by the circumstances surrounding the case, including, for example, the particular compound administered, the route of administration, and the condition being treated. A typical daily dosage contains from about 1 mg/M² to about 1,000 mg/M² of the compound of formula (I). The compounds of formula (I) can be administered by a variety of routes including oral, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramusclar, and intranasal. The activity of representative compounds employed in the present invention has been demonstrated in standard screens commonly used by those in the art to test compounds for potential use as solid and non-solid anti-tumor drugs. For example, these screens have been used to demonstrate the anti-tumor activity of commercially available cancer drugs such as the vinca alkaloids; see Miller, et al., J. Med. Chem. , Vol. 20, No. 3, 409 (1977) and Sweeney, et al., Cancer Research , Vol. 38, 2886 (1978). The representative compounds of formula (I) employed in the present invention are cytotoxic as they inhibit the growth of rapidly dividing human leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM cell line). Table 1 below gives the results of testing several compounds representative of formula (I). In Table 1, Column 1 gives the representative compound and Column 2 gives the IC₅₀ (concentration giving 50 percent growth inhibition) in µg/ml. A compound having an IC₅₀ less than 20 µg/ml is considered to be active. Compound IC₅₀ (µg/ml) β -1-(2-Oxo-4-hydrazino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 5) 0.077 β -1-[2-Oxo-4-(2-methylhydrazino)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl]-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 10) 4.1 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 1) 0.086 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxymethylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 7) 0.3 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-aminocarboethoxy-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 6) 0.051 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-N-glycine ethyl ester-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 8) 18.4 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-alanine ethyl ester-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 11) 6.3 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-N-glycinyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 9) 0.4 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H,6H)-dione (Example 4) 0.2 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro- β -D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5 (6H)-one (Example 2) 0.5 In yet another aspect, the invention provides compounds for use in a method of treating viral infections in mammals comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an antivirally effective amount of a compound of formula (I). The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are effective for the treatment of viral infections in the manner usually employed in the treatment of such pathologies and can be used to treat or prevent infections and caused by a wide range of viruses; and more particularly, infections caused by viruses of the Herpes genus. Typical viruses against which the compounds of formula (I) can be used include all A and B strains of influenza, para-influenza, respiratory syncytial viruses, various Herpes I and Herpes II strains, Echo and vaccinia viruses, measles, Semkki Forest and retroviruses such as Friends Leukemia Virus and those responsible for causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The compounds of formula (I) are used for treating viral infections in the manner usual in the treatment of such pathologies. The anti-viral effect of the compounds of formula (I) has been shown by proven in vitro test described below carried out using representative compounds of formula (I). African green monkey kidney cells (BSC-1) were grown in 25 cm² Falcon flasks at 37°C in medium 199 with 5% inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin (150 units/ml) and streptomycin (150 µg/ml). When confluent monolayers were formed, the supernatant growth medium was removed and 0.3 ml of an appropriate dilution of pseudorabies virus or Herpes simplex virus, types I and II (HSV-1 and HSV-2), was added to each flask. After adsorption for one hour at room temperature, the virus infected cell sheet was overlaid with a medium comprising one part 1 percent Ionagar No. 2 and one part double strength medium 199 with FCS (fetal calf serum), penicillin, and streptomycin and also containing a representative compound at concentrations ranging from 100 µg/ml to 0.39 µg/ml. A flask containing no representative compound served as a control. The stock solution of representative compound was made up in dimethylsulfoxide at a concentration of 10⁴ µg/ml. The flasks were incubated for 72 hours at 37°C. Plaques were seen in those areas where the virus infected and reproduced in the cells. A solution of 10 percent formalin and 2 percent sodium acetate was added to each flask to inactivate the virus and fix the cell sheet to the surface of the flask. The virus plaques, irrespective of size, were counted after staining the surrounding cell areas with crystal violet. The plaque count was compared to the control count at each drug concentration. The activity of the compound was expressed as percentage plaque inhibition. Table 2 below gives the results of testing several representative compounds of formula (I). In Table 2, Column 1 gives the representative compound and Column 2 gives the IC₅₀ (concentration giving 50 percent growth inhibition) in µg/ml. A compound having an IC₅₀ less than 20 µg/ml is considered to be active. Compound HSV-1 (µg/ml) HSV-2 (µg/ml) β -1-(2-Oxo-4-hydrazino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 5) 3.12 4.35 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 1) 0.7 1.07 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-hydroxymethylamino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 7) 18.0 11.1 β -1-(2-Oxo-4-aminocarboethoxy-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose (Preparative Example 6) 0.53 0.58 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro- β -D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H, 6H) -dione (Example 4) 6.0 4.9 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro- β -D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5c]pyrimidine-5 (6H)-one (Example 2) 8.0 9.25

Claims: A compound of the formula wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, bromo, fluoro, chloro, iodo, bromovinyl, amino; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. A compound according to Claim 1 selected from the group consisting of: (a) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5(6H)-one; (b) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H,6H)-dione; (c) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]-8-methylpyrimidine-5(6H)-one; pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. A pharmaceutical composition useful for treating susceptible neoplasms and viral infections in mammals comprising a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient and a compound of Claim 1. A pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 3 wherein the compound of Claim 1 is selected from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 2. A compound of claim 1, for use in a method of treating viral infections in a mammal suffering from said condition. A compound according to Claim 5 wherein the compound of Claim 1 is selected from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 2 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. A compound of claim 1, for use in a method of treating susceptible neoplasms in a mammal suffering from said condition A compound according to Claim 7 wherein the compound of Claim 1 is selected from the group consisting of compounds (a) and (b) of claim 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. An intermediate of the formula wherein X is a hydroxy protecting group and Z is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, bromo, fluoro, chloro, iodo, bromovinyl, amino and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. An intermediate according to Claim 9 selected from the group consisting of: (a) 6-12-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-3,5-di-O-acetyl-β -D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5(6H)-one; (b) 6-(3,5-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3c]pyrimidine-3,5(2H, 6H)-dione; (c) 6-(2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-3,5-di-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-c]-8-methylpyrimidine-5(6H)-one.

Inventors: HERTEL LARRY WAYNE, KROIN JULIAN STANLEY, HERTEL, LARRY WAYNE, KROIN, JULIAN STANLEY
Applicants: LILLY CO ELI, ELI LILLY AND COMPANY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C07H19
IPC codes: C07H19, A61K31, A61P31, A61P35