A PURIFICATION SYSTEM AND A LAMELLA SEPARATOR FOR SEDIMENTATION OF PARTICLES

Abstract: A purification system has a process tank with an inlet and an outlet, where water containing organic material and nutritive salts is purified during circulation in the tank. Purification is performed biologically in that the tank contains so-called activated sludge with microorganisms which absorb organic material and nutritive salts. The activated sludge is separated in a sedimentation device, which is arranged in the actual process tank and is provided with a lamella section having substantially parallel lamella plates. The water is thereby caused to flow over the lamella plates before leaving the process tank, whereby the sludge settles. Water flows between the underside of the sedimentation device and the bottom of the process tank, whereby the settled sludge is moved away and is mixed with the circulating water.

Description: A purification system and a lamella separator for sedi¬ mentation of particles i The invention concerns a purification system of the type 5 defined in the introductory portion of claim 1. The inven¬ tion also concerns a lamella separator as defined in the introductory portion of claim 8. It is well-known to perform biological purification using 10 so-called activated sludge. Activated biomass or activated sludge are expressions covering colonies of useful micro¬ organisms which absorb organic material and various nutri¬ tive salts, such as nitrogen compounds, from the liquid in which the sludge is present. In purification systems the 15 water to be purified will be kept in motion and leaves the basin after a certain residence time. For the level of microorganisms in the purification basin to be controlled it is necessary that the activated sludge is separated from the effluent and is recycled to the basin or the 20 process tank. This has been done so far using a so-called secondary settling tank, which is formed by a circular, preferably cast tank provided with rotary scrapers. The water is relatively quiet in the secondary settling tank, so that the activated sludge settles. The scrapers collect 25 the sludge, which can then be sucked up and recycled to the process tank. This solution works satisfactorily, but unfortunately the cost price of such a secondary settling tank frequently accounts for such a great part of the total price of the purification system that the price of a 30 secondary settling tank is not commensurate with the func¬ tion. Removal of nitrogen compounds is known i.a. from EP-B-474 296. 35 GB 1 375 458 defines a purification system of the type which is called combination tanks. Such a system has a common housing structure which surrounds a main section in which aeration takes place, and a secondary section in which settling or sedimentation takes place. The two sec¬ tions are to be considered as two separate chambers, the circulation between the chambers being established by an overflow wall and a narrow gap in the bottom, respec¬ tively, which serves to suck the settled sludge. Thus, two very narrow passages are involved owing to a very high suction effect at the bottom of the settling section. This technique is related to relatively small amounts of waste water, and if not comparable to the volume of the rest of the system, the volume of the sedimentation section is at any rate of the same order. This means that the volume where the sedimentation takes place cannot be regarded as being negligable in relation to the volume of the aeration zone. This technique cannot readily be scaled up to huge systems where large amounts of waste water are handled. In purification systems where a larger waste water volume is treated the process tanks have to be built such that the water flows circulate in a horizontal plane, i.e. the basins are constructed e.g. circular or oval with an island or a partition in the center. So far it has been necessary to protect the sedimentation device from the circulating water in a separate chamber. The object of the invention is to provide a structure for a purification system having a process tank by means of which it is possible to incorporate a sedimentation device directly in the process tank, without it being necessary to protect the inlet of the sedimentation device. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the sedimentation device is arranged in the actual process tank in such a manner that a flow of water, which is sub¬ stantially parallel with the underside of the sedimenta¬ tion device, flows along the underside of the sedimenta¬ tion device, the gaps between the lamella plates of the sedimentation device being arranged substantially trans¬ versely to said flow of water. Because of the hydrostatic pressure part of the water flow will hereby flow up through the lamella separator, and when ensuring that the flow of water is smooth, i.e. substantially without turbu- lence, a uniform hydrostatic pressure above the lamella gaps and thereby uniform flow between the plates are ob¬ tained. The invention makes it possible to integrate a sedimenta- tion device directly in a process tank, .even though the water in a process tank typically flows at quite high rates, e.g. up to m per second. The sedimentation device is provided at a location in the process tank where the water is permitted to flow along the underside of the sedimentation device. The outlet of the sedimentation de¬ vice is connected with the outlet of the actual process tank, so that a hydrostatic pressure moves the water through the sedimentation device. The water is thus moved through the lamella sections of the sedimentation device where the water is relatively calm, so that particles and activated sludge precipitate or settle and sink in countercurrent to the flow of water between the lamella plates. The actual sedimentation takes place by a combination of gravitation and hydraulic suction provided by the water flowing below the sedimentation device. When leaving the sedimentation device through its inlet, the sedimented sludge will again be absorbed by the water flowing there beneath and be discharged. Thus, no sludge sediments will be formed immediately below the sedimentation device, thereby eliminating or reducing the problems of return sludge pumping, sludge scrapers, maintenance and cleaning. With the constructive features defined in claim 2 the se¬ dimentation device of the invention can be incorporated in already existing water purification systems. The purifica¬ tion system is preferably constructed as stated in claim 3, the inlet of the sedimentation device being located at a certain depth in the tank, while discharge takes place through a discharge trough having an overflow wall which is located in the surface region of the process tank. The lamella plates preferably form an angle with the vertical in the range of _+ 45°, and to minimize deposits on the lamellae an angle of +_ 30° will be most expedient. As stated in claim 6, the lamella plates preferably extend above the surface level of the process tank, so that the water leaves the passages between the lamella plate via the external overflow wall without having been mixed with water from other lamella passages. Claim 7 defines an in¬ expensive implementation of the invention in a system known from the Danish Patent DK 166 093B. As stated in claim 8, the lamella separator of the inven¬ tion may be used with an underlying, parallel flow of water from which the liquid is pressed into the separator via a hydrostatic pressure applied therefrom, said flow of water simultaneously providing the necessary hydraulic suction to move the particles back to the circuit. Claim 9 concerns a particularly expedient embodiment of the outlet of the separator, the structure with the lamella elements higher than the overflow wall ensuring that the water from the various lamella passages is not mixed prior to discharge. A substantially uniform flow is hereby obtained in all the lamella passages of the sepa- rator. This has been a problem in the past, but has been solved by the present invention. The invention will be explained more fully below in con¬ nection with preferred embodiments and with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a sectional view along the line I-I in fig. 2 of a preferred embodiment of a purification system according to the invention, fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the purification system shown in fig. 1, fig. 3 illustrates the function of a lamella separator for use in connection with the purification system shown in figs. 1 and 2, fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a purification system according to the invention where the lamella sepa¬ rator is located in the center, fig. 5 shows a further alternative embodiment of a purifi¬ cation system according to the invention where lamella separators are located in parallel and may have a common discharge trough, fig. 6 illustrates with partly transparent walls the divi¬ sion of a lamella separator according to the invention, fig. 7 is an end view of a lamella separator enabling equal distribution of water between the lamellae, fig. 8 is a top view of the lamella separator shown in fig. 7, while fig. 9 is a lateral view of the lamella separator of figs. 7 and 8. Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a process tank for a purifi¬ cation system according to the invention. The process tank may e.g. be of the type described in the Danish Patent DK 166 093B, but, of course, the invention may be used in all types of purification systems having a circulating flow of water. The process tank in said Danish Patent concerns a particularly inexpensive construction, since the water in the tank or the basin is separated from the surroundings by a plastics membrane applied directly to the substrate or to a drain layer. Thus, a basin 14 has been dug with surrounding embankments 12 which, in terms of level, are higher than the surrounding ground level 10. The bottom of the basin 14 and the inclined inner side 13 of the embank¬ ments 12 are coated with a plastics membrane (not shown) which, in spite of a groundwater level corresponding to the ground level 10, is kept in position by the hydrostatic pressure from the water in the basin, the water surface 15 being considerably higher than the groundwater level. Guide walls for the circulating water are provided in the actual basin, and these are secured by a foundation 18 which extends down through the plastics membrane. These foundations 18 carry guide walls 21 and a partition 16 as well as other structures in the process tank, including a bridge 17 which provides access to the partition 16 in the center of the basin. The guide walls 21 are used for di¬ viding the ground basin into aerobic and anoxic zones, such that various processes take place in various sections of the basin. The basin may alternatively be made of fibre concrete. Fig. 2 shows the oval shape of the process tank, and the arrows A indicate the direction of flow of the water in the process tank. This flow is provided by a plurality of propeller agitators 23 which are secured to a transverse bridge structure 24. The sloping side faces 11 and 13 are visible along the plane central part of the embankment 12. When the process tank is filled, the water line extends almost right up to the plane part 12 of the embankment 12. The water is oxidized with one or more diffusors 22 which periodically blow air and oxidize the water. A lamella separator 20, whose function will be explained more fully below, is arranged at one end of the partition 16. Fig. 1 is a section along the line I-I in fig. 2, and fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI in fig. 2. In the operation of the system the water flows at rates which of course vary from place to place, but the typical flow rate in the deepest part of the basin is preferably between 0.2 and 0.5 m per sec. Fig. 3 schematically shows the zone division of the sepa¬ rator 20 shown in figs. 1 and 2. It will be seen that the separator 20 is secured to the partition 16, which thus constitutes one side wall of the separator, while the other side wall 23 of the separator extends substantially in parallel with the partition 16. It will be seen that the side wall 23 does not extend in the entire depth of the basin, but terminates immediately above the bottom. Thus, water will flow in parallel with the partition 16 in a zone 24 along the sedimentation device 20, as well as in a zone 25 located below said zone, the zone 25 being also called the transport zone. It will likewise be seen that the separator has two discharge troughs 26, it being noted that the surface level of the liquid in the discharge troughs 26 is lower than the surface level 15 of the rest of the process tank. Thus, a hydrostatic pressure will move liquid in the direction indicated by the arrow B, so that liquid is moved from the transport zone 25 to a quiescent zone 27 immediately below a lamella zone 28. When the water leaves the lamella zone 28, it will be cleaned of sludge and particles, and it will therefore be clear while the uppermost zone is called clear water zone 29. The water leaves the process tank from there in a known manner, which takes place via overflow troughs 26 which are connected with a discharge channel (not shown). The water rate in the transport zone 25 is relatively high, while the quiescent zone is shielded by the end walls of the separator so that the water rate has already dropped significantly here. In the lamella zone the water passes through quite narrow gaps between the individual lamellae, thereby providing a hydraulic suction which, together with the gravitation, moves the relatively heavier sludge downwardly, while the water rises and is thus clarified. Of course, the size of the separator depends on the capa¬ city, but the separator has shown its efficiency in an embodiment where it had a width of 2.3 m. The clear water zone 29 was 40 cm high on that occasion, while the lamella zone 28 was 2.10 m, and both the quiescent zone 27 and the transport zone 25 were 75 cm. However, it seems on the basis of the tests performed that the principle can work at any rate when the separator has a width of between 50 cm and 5 m, where the clear water zone may be varied from below 0.5 cm to 1 m, and the lamella zone may be varied from below 50 cm to 3 m, while the quiescent zone from being almost omissible may assume a height of 2 m. The transport zone merely transports the water, so it is only the capacity of the system that controls the height of it, but heights greater than 20 cm have been found expedient. In the transport zone a flow of water, which is substan¬ tially parallel with the underside of the sedimentation device, flows along the underside of the sedimentation device, the gaps between the lamella plates being substan- tially arranged transversely to the flow of water. _ g _ Fig. 4 shows another location of the separation device 20, it being here located halfway on the central wall 16. It is well-known that water passing a corner and having a high flow rate creates turbulence immediately after the corner. The zone 30 will therefore frequently be troubled by creation of eddies, which may interfere with the func¬ tion of the separator device. However, this formation of eddies may be compensated to a great extent by construct¬ ing the front end 31 and the rear end 32 of the separator hydrodynamically correctly, e.g. a wedge-shape with the pointed end facing the partition 16. However, in some cases it may be expedient to arrange the separator 20 cen¬ trally on the partition 16. It is essential to the inven¬ tion that the flow of water in the transport zone is smooth or approximately smooth. Fig. 5 shows a process tank according to the invention, where the separator device 20, like in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, is arranged at the end of the partition 16, but consists here of two individual separators, which may e.g. have a common outlet. The structure of the pro¬ cess tank otherwise corresponds to the structure explained in connection with figs. 4 and 2. The two separators are here advantageously provided with a common overflow channel extending along the central wall 16. Fig. 6 is a partially sectional view of the sedimentation device 20 according to the invention along the line VI-VI in fig. 2. It will be seen that, in addition to the cen- tral wall 16, the outer walls of the sedimentation device comprise elements 34 of concrete which are secured between uprights 33. These concrete elements 34 thus also consti¬ tute the inclined front and rear walls 31, 32 of the sedi¬ mentation device. Actually, it is just necessary that the front and the rear walls 31, 32 are terminated at a cer¬ tain height above the bottom so as to provide for through- flow below the actual sedimentation device, but owing to the conditions of flow it may also be expedient that the side wall 23, too, is terminated downwardly at a given distance on the bottom. It will be seen that part of the water which flows in¬ wardly below the sedimentation device in the transport zone 25 and is marked by the arrow C, leaves the transport zone 25 and is directed upwardly to the quiescent zone 27 and it marked by the arrow D. From here, the hydrostatic pressure produced by the liquid level differences in the sedimentation device and outside the sedimentation device causes the water to be directed upwardly between the lamellae 35 in the direction indicated by the arrow E. The water will thus be directed upwardly between the lamellae and flow over an overflow edge down into the discharge through 26, which is upwardly open and is connected with a discharge channel 36 leading the clarified waste water away from the process tank. The rate of flow decreases up through the quiescent zone. A downwardly directed hydraulic suction caused by the flow of water in the transport zone 25 is applied to the par¬ ticles and sludge or the biomass during the passage through the lamella zone 38. At the same time a downwardly directed force of gravitation is applied to the particles and the sludge, because the density of the sludge and the particles is greater than that of the water. It will be seen that the lamellae are arranged such that the flow of water indicated by the arrow I is in counterflow to the transport flow indicated by the arrow C. Depending on the desired properties the lamellae may be arranged downstream or upstream, and the inclination of the lamellae with respect to the vertical is typically within + 45°. The distance between the individual lamellae 35 is typically of the order of 10 cm, but variations between from quite few cm up to 20-25 cm will give the desired result. Of course, it is clear that the steeper the lamellae are, the more easily the sludge sinks to the bottom. Further, it will also be clear to a skilled person that the lamellae may be formed with bends or be corrugated so that the rate of flow between the lamellae is reduced because of pressure loss. It will simultaneously be seen that the water forms eddies G behind the front side 31 as well as the rear side 32, which has no importance since the eddies are not formed immediately below the lamella zone. Fig. 7 shows that the lamellae 35 have a considerably higher extent than the discharge troughs 26; an overflow wall 37 is provided between the discharge through and the passages between the lamellae 35, it being seen that the water falls directly from the passages down into the trough 26. Thus, the water from the individual passages will not be mixed before the trough 26, so that the hydro¬ static pressure directing the water upwards will be sub- stantially constant in all the passages between the la¬ mellae 35. Fig. 7 is a section along VII-VII in fig. 8. It will be seen in fig. 8 that there are two intercon¬ nected discharge troughs 26 which are connected with a closed channel 36 through which the water is discharged. Fig. 9 shows the overflow wall 37 which the water passes before reaching the discharge trough 36. Thus, each lamella passage has its own overflow edge. This entails that the passages are self-cleaning to a certain degree. If a passage is blocked by dirt, the hydrostatic pressure increases since the water level in the passage decreases in relation to the water level in the process tank. When the lamella passages are divided into sections and groups of e.g. five passages are provided with a shutter which shuts off the overflow path, the passages can be cleaned individually by shutting off a group. Alternatively, all the other groups may be shut off, and overflow may be permitted from just the blocked group. The hydrostatic pressure will hereby be increased above the blocking, thereby releasing the dirt.

Claims: P a t e n t C l a i m s : 1. A purification system including a process tank having an inlet and an outlet, where water containing organic material and nutritive salts is purified under circulation in the tank, the purification being performed biologically in that the tank contains so-called activated biomass or activated sludge with microorganisms which absorb organic material and nutritive salts, said activated sludge being separated in a sedimentation device from the water dis¬ charged through the outlet for recirculation in the tank, said sedimentation device being provided with a lamella section having substantially parallel lamella plates such that the water is caused to flow over the lamella plates before leaving the process tank, whereby the sludge settles, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sedimen¬ tation device is arranged in the actual process tank in such a manner that a flow of water flows substantially in parallel with the underside of the sedimentation device between the underside of the said sedimentation device and the bottom of the process tank, whereby the settled sludge is moved away and is mixed with the circulating water, the gaps between the lamella plates of the sedimentation device being arranged substantially transversely to said flow of water. 2. A purification system according to claim 1, provided with an oval tank having a substantially vertical central wall, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sedimentation device is arranged between the central wall and another wall arranged in parallel with said central wall, the two walls and the underside of the sedimentation tank and the bottom of the tank forming between them a passage which has a substantially rectangular cross-section and which is open at both ends. 3. A purification system according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sedimentation de¬ vice has a water inlet from a transport zone along the bottom of the process tank, in which zone the water passes at a substantially constant flow rate, and a water outlet from a settling zone at the water surface of the process tank, a discharge trough having an overflow wall being provided in the settling zone. 4. A purification system according to claims 1-3, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d in that the lamella plates of the sedimentation device form an angle with the vertical in the range +_ 45°. 5. A purification system according to.claim 4, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d in that the lamella plates of the sedimentation tank form an angle with the vertical in the range + 30°. 6. A purification system according to claims 1-5, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d in that the lamella plates extend above the overflow plate of the discharge trough such that the water leaves the passage between respective lamella plates via the external overflow wall before being mixed with water from other lamella passages. 7. A purification system according to claims 1-6, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d in that the process tank comprises flexible membrane walls directly on the substrate or on a drain layer arranged thereon. 8. A lamella separator for sedimentation of particles or biomass in a liquid, comprising a lamella assembly having susbtantially parallel lamella elements forming separation passages through which the liquid is moved by a hydrosta¬ tic pressure, whereby the particles or the biomass settles and slides downwardly in countercurrent to the liquid outlet, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a flow of water flows along the underside of the lamella sepa¬ rator substantially in parallel therewith, and that the lamellae of the separator are arranged with the gaps between the lamellae substantially transversely to the flow of water. 9. A lamella separator according to claim 7, c h a - r a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises two substan¬ tially vertical side walls, and that the outlet of the lamella separator comprises at least one channel having overflow walls, said lamella elements extending above the overflow walls of the channel.

Inventors: ANDERSEN KARSTEN KROGH, ANDERSEN, KARSTEN, KROGH
Applicants: ANDERSEN KARSTEN KROGH, COWICONSULT RAADGIVEND, ANDERSEN, KARSTEN, KROGH, COWICONSULT R ANGSTROM DGIVENDE INGENIORER AS
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C02F3
IPC codes: B01D21, C02F3