Magneto-pneumatic timing device

Abstract: A magneto-pneumatic timing device is disclosed that provides a pressure signal alternating between a high and a low pressure output signal. The duty cycle may be varied as well as the overall cycle time. A magnetically biased flexible diaphragm divides a chamber into a pair of subchambers and the differential pressure between the subchambers is controlled to cause the flexible diaphragm to pull away from the magnetic bias to one position and to return to its biased position. Control of the output pressure signal is carried out by varying the resistance in certain of the pneumatic passages that are part of the control function for the differential pressure. The device is relatively simple and inexpensive to construct and features very few moving parts, thus it is reliable and capable of high production, low cost manufacture.

Description: The present invention relates to timing devices and, more particularly, to a magneto-pneumatic timing device that may be used to provide a timed pressure signal for an end use and which has few moving parts and yet which has a output signal waveform that is easily modified in shape and in timing cycle. Pneumatic timing devices are currently used for various purposes and are intended to provide a timed output pressure signal where that signal cycles between a higher and a lower value. The timing ratio between the signals, that is, the duty cycle as well as the overall time cycle may vary depending upon the particular application of or use for that signal. In any event, the timed output pressure signal can thus be used to control some end use device. An example of such an end use device is an intermittent suction device used in the withdrawal of fluid from a medical patient which is described in US Patent 5265638. One of the features desired in such timing devices is that the device be reliable and be capable of functioning without supervision or maintenance for long periods of time and, accordingly, it is desired that the device has a minimum of moving parts that could wear out. The device should also be easy and inexpensive to manufacture. The latter feature requires that the components be relatively inexpensive and the assembly be simple and free of complex steps and extremely close tolerances. German document DE-A-37 38 282 describes a breast milk suction pump arrangement which includes a suction pump, a breast connector, a reservoir and a pulsator. The suction pump is connected to the pulsator by a first suction line and the reservoir is connected to pulsator via an outlet from the pulsator. In one embodiment the pulsator includes a housing having a chamber in which is located a flexible diaphragm which separates the chamber into first and second sub-chambers. The first sub-chamber includes an inlet connected to the first suction line and the outlet communicating with the reservoir. Means including an air intake valve, a bellows and a throttle nozzle control the differential pressure between the first and second sub-chambers to move the flexible diaphragm between a first position of which a high output pressure is applied to the outlet and a second position at which a low output pressure is applied in the outlet. In this arrangement, the first sub-chamber or vacuum chamber forms a connection which remains open at all times between the suction pump and the reservoir. The function of the pulsator merely interrupts the direct flow of suction between the suction pump and the reservoir. According to the present invention a timing device operable from a source of differential pressure provided by a first pressure source (P1) and a second pressure source (P2) at a higher pressure than the first pressure source (P1) to provide an output pressure signal to an end use device, the said output pressure signal alternating between high and low output pressures at a predetermined duty cycle, includes a housing having a chamber in which is located a flexible diaphragm separating said chamber into first and second subchambers, an inlet communicating with the first subchamber, conduit means connecting the inlet to the first pressure source (P1), an outlet for connection to the end use device, means utilising the said first and second pressure sources (P1, P2) to control the differential pressure between said first and said second subchambers to move said flexible diaphragm between a first position at which a high output pressure is applied to the outlet and a second position at which a low output pressure is applied to the outlet, characterised in that the timing device is a magneto-pneumatic timing device which includes a source of magnetic force which biases the flexible diaphragm towards its first position and in that the outlet is located in the conduit between the inlet and the first pressure source (P1). The present magneto-pneumatic timing device thus is powered by a differential pressure and therefore the energy required to operate the device is readily available in many locations. In the intermittent suction device of the corresponding aforementioned patent application, the differential pressure is provided by a vacuum source and a source of atmospheric pressure. Those sources are, of course, convenient for the end use of the device since both of those sources are available in the normal hospital environment. Alternately, the differential pressure to power the present device could be provided by means of a positive pressure and atmospheric pressure. In any case, depending on the end use of the timing device, a source of a differential pressure is generally accessible. The present device is also comprised of extremely few moving parts and thus is not susceptible to wear. Assembly is relatively easy and can be accomplished without detailed or complex operations, thus overall assembly is fairly inexpensive. As a further feature of the present magneto-pneumatic timing device, the overall time cycle can easily be varied in accordance with the requirements of the end use device and, within that overall time cycle, the duty cycle is also readily adjustable. Thus, the magneto-pneumatic timing device of the present invention is versatile and can be used for a variety of duty cycles and is easily adapted to such duty cycles and modified as needed. Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, reference being made to the Figures of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a schematic view of the present invention in its position at start-up and when a higher pressure signal is being communicated at the outlet port; Figure 2 is a schematic view of the present invention where a lower pressure signal is being communicated; Figure 3 is a schematic view of the present invention having a variable compliance chamber; and Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are representative waveforms that may be communicated from the present timing device to an end use device. Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a schematic view of a magneto-pneumatic timing device constructed in accordance with the present invention. A housing 10 is provided and within which there is formed a chamber 12. A flexible diaphragm 14 is sealed within the interior of chamber 12 and separates the chamber 12 into first and second subchambers 16, 18 respectively. Flexible 14 diaphragm is manufactured such that it is susceptible to magnetic forces and thus is attracted and/or repelled by a magnetic force. In the embodiment shown, a permanent magnet 20 is affixed to a non-magnetic diaphragm, or, as an alternate, the flexible diaphragm 14 itself could be manufactured by using a magnetically polarized diaphragm material. In either case, or in the case of some alternate, the important property required in the diaphragm is that it be magnetically susceptible to magnetic forces having a polarity, that is, a north and south magnetic orientation. A first port 22 is formed in first subchamber 16 of chamber 12 and is connectible, by means such as tubing 24, to a first source 26 of a known pressure. The first pressure source 26 will be later explained, however it should be noted that the first pressure source 26 may be the source of a negative pressure, such as a vacuum as described in the above-referred to application. A variable restrictor 28 is also located in the tubing 24 intermediate the source 26 of pressure and the first port 22. As will become clear, the variable restrictor 28 may be adjusted, by hand or some automated means, to vary the pneumatic resistance in the tubing 24. Although a variable restrictor is disclosed as the preferred embodiment, obviously, if the duty cycle is fixed, the restrictor need not be variable but may be fixed with the specific resistance needed to achieve the desired duty cycle. A signal outlet port 30 is formed in tubing 24 and is located intermediate variable restrictor 28 and first port 22 and which provides the output signal from the timing device as will be explained. A bypass port 32 is formed in the first subchamber 16 of the chamber 12 and its purpose also will be explained later. In the second subchamber 18 of chamber 12, there is formed a port 34 and which leads via suitable tubing 36 to a second source 38 of pressure. Again, the actual pressure used as the second source may vary according to the end use of the present timing device, however it is important to note that the second pressure source 38 is at a higher pressure than the first source 26 of pressure. A further bypass port 40 is formed in housing 10 and which communicates with the second subchamber 18 of chamber 12. A bypass path is thus formed that creates a path of communication between the first subchamber 16 and the second subchamber 18 between the two bypass ports 32 and 40. That bypass path is provided by a tubing 42 from bypass port 40 through a compliance chamber 44 and thus with bypass port 32 by tubing 46. It should be noted that the means of communication are referred to as tubings, however any conduit would be suitable, and including passages formed into the housing 10. Such passages could readily be formed in an injection moulded housing 10 during the moulding process. A variable restrictor 48 is located in the bypass path communicating between the first and second subchambers 16, 18 and is located intermediate the compliance chamber 44 and bypass port 40 along tubing 42. Again, if a nonadjustable duty cycle is usable, the variable restrictor 48 may be a fixed restrictor having the resistance needed for the specified set duty cycle. As will also become apparent, the compliance chamber 44 may have its volume varied to change the timing cycle either in conjunction with or independent of a change in the resistance in the bypass path by changing the variable restrictor 48. A permanent magnet 50 is positioned within housing 10 sufficiently close to the flexible diaphragm 14 so as to create a magnetic attraction or bias on diaphragm 14. Obviously, the polarity is such that the permanent magnet 50 has an opposite pole facing the pole of the diaphragm permanent magnet 20 such that the flexible diaphragm 14 is biased to its first position as shown in Figure 1. Having described the overall structure of the magneto-pneumatic timing device of the present invention, a summary of its operation will now be presented with reference to both Figure 1 where flexible diaphragm 14 is in its first position and Figure 2 wherein flexible diaphragm 14 is shown in its second position. Initially the timing device is as shown in Figure 1 prior to initiation of the cycle. As explained, the magnetic bias exerted by the permanent magnet 50 on the magnetic force susceptible flexible diaphragm 14 retains that diaphragm 14 in its first position as shown in Figure 1. In the embodiment where the first pressure source 26 is a negative pressure or vacuum, that vacuum is applied to the compliance chamber 44 through variable restrictor 28 through open port 22. The pressure in the compliance chamber 44 thus begins to decrease at a rate that is determined by the value of the resistance set at variable restrictor 28 and by the capacity or volume of compliance chamber 44. Eventually, the pressure drops sufficiently within the first sub- chamber 16 of chamber 12 to create a sufficient pressure differential between the first subchamber 16 and the second subchamber 18, which is at the pressure of the second pressure source 38 and which has been explained is more positive than the pressure of first pressure source 26. That differential pressure eventually becomes sufficient to overcome the magnetic bias exerted on the flexible diaphragm 14 by permanent magnet 50 and the flexible diaphragm 14 moves from its first position as shown in Figure 1 to its second position as shown in Figure 2 where it seals against port 22, thereby closing off the source of pressure of the first pressure source 26 to the first subchamber 16 of chamber 12. Since the port 22 is now closed, the pressure signal at the outlet signal port 30 rapidly drops to the pressure at the first pressure source 26, thus establishing the lower of the two pressure signals available from the timing device. At this point (Figure 2), the compliance chamber 44 is in communication with the second source of pressure 38 through port 40 and variable restrictor 48. The pressure within compliance chamber 44 therefore increases at a rate determined as a function of the resistance set at variable restrictor 48 and the capacity or volume of compliance chamber 44. The variable restrictor 48 is, of course, adjustable to set the rate at which the pressure within compliance chamber 44 increases. Eventually, the pressure within compliance chamber 44 has increased such that the differential pressure across flexible diaphragm 14 is reduced to a threshold value where it is no longer sufficient to counteract the magnetic bias exerted on flexible diaphragm 14 by permanent magnetic 50 causing flexible diaphragm 14 to move back to its first position as shown in Figure 1. At this occurrence, the output pressure signal at pressure signal port 30 changes to the higher of the two output pressure signals. As the cycle continues, the first pressure source 26 again commences to lower the pressure within the compliance chamber 44 and first sub-chamber 16 to again create sufficient differential pressure between subchambers 18 and 16 to overcome the magnetic bias exerted on flexible diaphragm 14 by permanent magnet 50 to move the flexible diaphragm to its second position. The timing of that movement is again controlled by the volume of the compliance chamber 44 and the resistance set at variable restrictor 28. As can thus be seen, the output signal port 30 provides a pressure signal that alternates between two defined pressures and which can therefore be used to operate an end use device. The overall time for the device to carry out one complete duty cycle, that is a cycle where both pressures are present, can be modified by changing the volume of the compliance chamber 44. As an example, the compliance chamber may be fixed in accordance with the particular end use device, or can be a variable volume such as with a movable piston, so that the overall cycle time of any device may be easily changed manually by an operator or by some other signal. An example of a variable volume compliance chamber 44 is shown in schematic in Fig. 3 where a piston 45 controls and can change the internal volume of the compliance chamber. One of the many means that can be used to move the piston 45 is shown including a threaded piston shaft 47 actuated by a gear 49 which may be manually operated or via some automatic means. The timing ratio, or duty cycle, of the individual high and low pressure signals can be individually adjusted by changing the resistances set by variable restrictors 28 and 48. The variable restrictor 28 sets the timing of the high pressure portion of the duty cycle while the variable restrictor 48 sets the time of the lower pressure portion. Turning now to Figures 4A-4C, there are shown a series of representative curves showing the pressure signal that is present at output signal port 30 as the magneto-pneumatic timing device is cycled. The Y axis of the curves is in absolute pressure (mmhg) while the X axis is in seconds. Again, the curves represent the embodiment wherein the first pressure source is a vacuum and the second pressure source is at atmospheric pressure. It should be noted that the high pressure output signal is normally somewhat lower than the actual pressure of the high pressure source itself. Taking first, the curve of Figure 4A, the cycle shown commences at point 52 where the output signal port 30 communicates atmospheric pressure. As the first pressure source 26 draws down the pressure, the pressure at port 30 is reduced at a rate established by the setting of variable restrictor 28 and the volume of the compliance chamber 44. Eventually, as explained, the differential pressure across flexible diaphragm 14 reaches the point where it moves that flexible diaphragm 14 to its position as shown in Figure 2. This occurs at point 54 on the curve of Figure 4A and the pressure signal at output signal port 30 immediately drops to the pressure of the first pressure source 26 at point 56 (in the embodiment shown, vacuum of about 300 mm.Hg.). The output lower pressure signal will continue at signal pressure port 30 until, as explained, the differential pressure across the flexible diaphragm 14 is reduced to the point that the magnetic bias exerted on the magnetically susceptible diaphragm causes the flexible diaphragm 14 to move again to its first position, shown in Figure 1 and the pressure at the output signal port 30 changes rapidly from the lower pressure value, at 58, to return to the higher pressure value at 60. In the curve of Figure 4A, the cycle thus continues and, as shown, the magneto-pneumatic timer device cycles between the higher and lower pressures at interval of about 15 seconds for each portion of the cycle, the complete cycle represented by that portion of the curve between point 52 and 60. Turning now to the curve of Figure 4B, the points of the curve are labelled with consistent numbers to show the points as described with respect to Figure 4A. In Figure 4B, however, the length of the higher pressure signal value has been extended to about 22 seconds by closing, to some extent, the variable restrictor 28. Thus the time for that portion of the overall cycle is easily modified as well as the length of the overall cycle time(now extended to about 40 seconds). Finally, in the curve of Figure 4C, the time of the cycle when the output pressure signal is at its lower value has been extended by closing, to some degree, the variable restrictor 48. In that case, the lower value pressure signal is present at output signal port 30 for about 22 seconds. As can be seen, therefore, by a simple adjustment of the variable restrictors 28 and 48. the output waveform of the pressure signal at output signal port 30 can be easily modified and the timing cycle set to a wide range of values and times necessary for the particular end user of that signal. The overall device is, however, still fairly simple and reliable in its design and use.

Claims: A timing device operable from a source of differential pressure provided by a first pressure source (P1) and a second pressure source (P2) at a higher pressure than the first pressure source (P1) to provide an output pressure signal to an end use device, the said output pressure signal alternating between high and low output pressures at a predetermined duty cycle, the timing device including a housing (10) having a chamber (12) in which is located a flexible diaphragm (14) separating said chamber (12) into first and second subchambers (16, 18), an inlet (22) communicating with the first subchamber (16), conduit means (24) connecting the inlet (22) to the first pressure source (P1), an outlet (30) for connection to the end use device, means (40, 42, 44, 46, 32) utilising the said first and second pressure sources (P1, P2) to control the differential pressure between said first and said second subchambers (16, 18) to move said flexible diaphragm (14) between a first position at which a high output pressure is applied to the outlet (30) and a second position at which a low output pressure is applied to the outlet (30), characterised in that the timing device is a magneto-pneumatic timing device which includes a source (50) of magnetic force which biases the flexible diaphragm (14) towards its first position and in that the outlet (30) is located in the conduit (24) between the inlet (22) and the first pressure source (P1). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that said source of magnetic force is a permanent magnet (50). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said first subchamber (16) includes a bypass port (32) and said second subchamber (18) includes a bypass port (40) and said means to control the differential pressures includes a bypass flowpath (42, 44, 46) connecting said bypass ports of said first and said second subchambers (16, 18). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that said bypass flowpath includes a restrictor (48) and a compliance chamber (44). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 characterised in that said flexible diaphragm (14) closes said inlet (22) when said flexible diaphragm (14) is in said second position and said low pressure output signal is communicated from said first pressure source (P1) through said conduit (24) to said outlet (30). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5 characterised in that said flexible diaphragm (14) closes said bypass port (40) in said second subchamber (18) when said flexible diaphragm (14) is in its first position and said high pressure output signal is communicated from said bypass flowpath through said first subchamber (16) to said outlet (30). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 characterised in that said conduit (24) includes a restrictor (28) intermediate said outlet (30) and the first pressure source (P1). A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in Claim 7 characterised in that said restrictor (28) in said conduit (24) is a variable restrictor. A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 8 characterised in that said restrictor (48) in said bypass flowpath is a variable restrictor. A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 9 characterised in that said compliance chamber (44) is a variable volume compliance chamber. A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in Claims 3 to 10 characterised in that said bypass flowpath communicates between said first and second subchambers (16, 18) when said flexible diaphragm (14) is in its second position to allow a timed reduction of the differential pressures between said first and second subchambers (16, 18) to a threshold level whereby said magnetic bias force causes said flexible diaphragm (14) to move to its first position. A magneto-pneumatic timing device as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 11 characterised in that the timed reduction of differential pressures is controlled by said variable restrictor (48) in said bypass flowpath.

Inventors: FISCHER RUSSELL J, TOBIA RONALD L, FISCHER, RUSSELL J., TOBIA, RONALD L.
Applicants: OHMEDA INC, OHMEDA INC.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61M1
IPC codes: G05D16, F16K7, A61M1