Grand piano-like keyboard instrument for selectively producing acoustic sound and synthesized sound

Abstract: A grand-piano like keyboard instrument is equipped with an electronic sound producing unit for selectively entering into an acoustic sound mode and an electronic sound producing mode, and a stopper (701) blocks sets of strings (4a) from hammers (324) in the electronic sound producing mode for producing synthesized tones only, wherein a gap regulating unit (705) changes gaps between the toes (311) of jacks (309) and regulating buttons (305) depending upon the mode so that hammer shanks (322) are brought into contact with stopper (701) after the escapes of the jacks.

Description: FIELD IF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a grand piano-like keyboard instrument and, more particularly, to a grand piano-like keyboard instrument for selectively producing acoustic sounds and synthesized sounds. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART A typical example of a grand piano equipped with a muting mechanism is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication of Unexamined Application (Kokai) No. 51-67732, and the muting mechanism restricts a hammer motion with an elastic member. Namely, when a player depresses a key, the associated hammer is driven for rotation toward a set of strings, and concurrently strikes the elastic member and the strings. Then, the elastic member takes up part of the kinetic energy of the hammer so that the sound is lessened. In other words, the elastic member aims at reduction of impact against the strings, and the muting mechanism gives rise to decrease of loudness of acoustic sounds. Of course, if the elastic member is spaced farther from the strings, the elastic member blocks the strings from the hammer, and the hammer does not strike at the strings. However, the elastic member thus spaced father from the strings destructs the unique key-touch. Namely, when the hammer butt is escaped from the jack, the hammer head usually reach vicinity of the strings as close as 2 millimeters. If the elastic member is spaced farther, the hammer is liable to be brought into contact with the elastic member before the escape from the hammer butt, and the player feels the key-touch strange. On the other hand, if a tuner advances the regulating button toward the jack, the hammer butt is escaped from the jack earlier, and the hammer is brought into contact with the elastic member after the escape from the jack. As a result, the escape gives a kind of key-touch to the player. However, the key-touch is still different from that of an acoustic piano, and the player feels the key-touch strange. Moreover, when a player moves the elastic member out of the orbit of the hammer head for an ordinary performance, the jack merely give a weak rotational force to the butt due to the early escape, and the hammer head softly strikes the strings. The soft strike results in harpsichord-like sounds. Additionally, the motion of the hammer is slow, and weakly rebounds on the strings. This means that the hammer can not respond to a quick repetition. Another prior art is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,250,065, and the keyboard disclosed in the United States Patent previously lifts the hammer assemblies for producing gaps between the jacks and the hammer rollers. However, the jacks do not escape from the hammer assemblies, and the key-touch is different from the unique piano key-touch. DE-C-37 07 591 discloses a grand piano like keyboard instrument selevtively entering an acoustic sound producing mode and an electronic sound producing mode, comprising a grand piano including a keyboard, a plurality of key action mechanisms, a plurality of hammer mechanisms, and a plurality of sets of strings, as well as hammer stopper means movable between a free position in which the hammers of said hammer mechanisms may strike the strings, and a blocking position in which said hammers are prevented from striking the strings, and electronic sound producing means for electronically producing sounds when said hammer stopper means are in said blocking position. DE-C-0 467 158 relates to an upright piano wherein the point of escape of the hammer from the jack can be changed such that the hammer strikes the strings with less force so as to reduce the loudness of the acoustic sounds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an important object of the present invention to provide a grand piano-like keyboard instrument which can enter into a silent mode without deterioration of a unique key touch in an acoustic sound mode. To accomplish the object, the present invention proposes to change a gap between a toe of each jack and an associated regulating button between an acoustic sound mode and a silent mode together with a position of a key bed. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a grand-piano like keyboard instrument selectively entering an acoustic sound producing mode and an electronic sound producing mode, comprising: a) a grand piano including a-1) a keyboard having a plurality of keys turnable with respect to a stationary board member, the plurality of keys being selectively depressed in both acoustic and electronic sound producing modes by a player, a-2) a plurality of key action mechanisms respectively coupled with the plurality of keys, and selectively actuated by the plurality of keys when the player depresses, each of the plurality of key action mechanisms having an action bracket stationary with respect to the stationary board member, an whippen assembly driven by one of the plurality of keys for rotation around one end thereof with respect to the action bracket, a repetition lever flange projecting from an intermediate portion of the whippen assembly, a repetition lever swingably supported by the repetition lever flange and having a through-hole formed in one end portion thereof, a jack rotatably supported by the other end of the whippen assembly and having a toe and a contact portion projecting through the through-hole, a regulating button supported by the action bracket and opposed to the toe, and a repetition spring for urging the repetition lever in a direction to increase a gap between the one end portion of the repetition level and the other end of the whippen assembly, a-3) a plurality of hammer mechanisms respectively associated with the plurality of key action mechanisms, and having respective hammer heads connected with hammer shanks respectively, and driven for rotation by the plurality of key action mechanisms when the player selectively depresses the plurality of keys, the hammer shank of each hammer mechanism being swingably supported by the action bracket of the associated key action mechanism and held in contact with the contact portion of the jack of the associated key action mechanism while the associated key is in a rest position, a-4) a plurality sets of strings associated with the plurality of hammer mechanisms, and stretched over the plurality of key action mechanisms, each set of strings being struck by the hammer head of the associated hammer mechanism in the acoustic sound producing mode when the player selectively depresses the plurality of keys; b) a stopper means entering into a free position in the acoustic sound mode for allowing the plurality of hammer mechanisms to strike the associated sets of strings when the player depresses the plurality of keys, the stopper means entering into a blocking position in the electronic sound producing mode for blocking the plurality sets of strings from the hammer mechanisms when the player selectively depresses the keys; c) a gap regulating means associated between the regulating button of each key action mechanism for changing the gap between the regulating button and the toe depending upon the mode when the associated key is in the rest position; and d) an electronic sound producing means monitoring the plurality of keys to see what keys are depressed by the player in the electronic sound producing mode, and operative to electronically produce sounds corresponding to the keys depressed by the player. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features and advantages of the grand piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of a grand piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a partially cut-away side view showing the structure of a key action mechanism and a mode shifting system incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of an electronic sound generating system incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing a gap regulating sub-system incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 5A and 5B are flowcharts showing program sequences executed by a sound processing unit incorporated in the electronic sound generating system; Fig. 6 is a partially cut-way side view showing essential parts of upright piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention; Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a gap regulating mechanism incorporated in the upright piano-like keyboard instrument; Fig. 8 is a partially cut-away side view showing essential parts of another upright piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention; Fig. 9 is a partially cut-away side view showing essential parts of another grand piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention; Fig. 10 is a side view showing, an enlarged scale, a gap regulator in a retracted position incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a side view showing the gap regulator in a projecting position; Fig. 12 is a plan view showing spacer plates integral with one another and incorproated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 13 is a partially cut-away side view shoiwng essential parts of yet another grand piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention; Fig. 14 is a side view showing a cam member incorproated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a front view showing the cam member incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 13; Fig. 16 is a perspective view shoiwng a gap regulator incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument; Fig. 17 is a side view shoiwng a leaf spring member for supporting the gap regulator shown in Fig. 16; Fig. 18 is a partially cut-away side view showing the gap regulator in a retracted position; Fig. 19 is a partially cut-away view shoiwng the gap regulator in a projecting position; Fig. 20 is a partially cut-away side view showing essential parts of still another grand piano-like keyboard instrument according to the present invention; Fig. 21 is a partially cut-away side view shoiwng the shank stopper shown in Fig. 21; Fig. 22 is a perspective view shoiwng a shank stopper incorproated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 20; Fig. 23 is a partially cut-away side view showing a gap regulator incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 21; Fig. 24 is a perspective view showing a bracket member incorproated in the gap regulator; Fig. 25 is a front view showing a rod member incorproated in a gap regulator; Fig. 26 is a perspective view showing another bracket member incorporated in the gap regulator; Fig. 27 is perspective view shoiwng a yet another bracket incorporated in the gap regulator; Fig. 28 is a perspective view shoiwng a still another bracket member incorporated in the gap regulator; and Fig. 29 is a perspective view shoiwng another driving mechanism for the shank stopper. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment Referring first to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a grand piano-like keyboard instrument embodying the present invention largely comprises an acoustic piano 100, an electronically sound generating system 200 and a mode controlling system 700, and selectively enters into an acoustic sound mode and a silent mode. A player performs a music as if the keyboard instrument is a grand piano in the acoustic sound mode. While the grand piano-like keyboard instrument is in the silent mode, the mode controlling system allows a player to practice a fingering without sound or to perform an electronically produced music through the fingering. The electronic sound generation in the silent mode is referred to as an electronic sound producing sub-mode, and the silent mode without synthesized sounds is called as a true silent sub-mode. In the following description, words "front" and "rear" are indicative of relative positions spaced from a player by short distance and by long distance, and words "clockwise" and "counter clockwise" are determined on the paper where the related structure is illustrated. The acoustic piano 100 is similar to a grand piano, and largely comprises a keyboard 1, a plurality of key action mechanisms 2, a plurality of hammer assemblies 3, a plurality sets of strings 4, a plurality of damper assemblies 5 and a pedal mechanism 6. The keyboard 1 is implemented by a plurality of black and white keys 1a and 1b, typically eighty-eight keys, rockable with respect to a balance rail 1c on a key bed 1d. The notes of a scale are respectively assigned to the black and white keys 1a and 1b as well as to the sets of strings 4, and each of the black and white keys 1a and 1b is swingable between a rest position and an end position. The black and white keys 1a and 1b are respectively linked with the key action mechanisms 2, and the key action mechanisms 2 are respectively associated with the hammer assemblies 3 and with the sets of strings 4. The black and white keys 1a and 1b are further associated with the damper assemblies 5, and the damper assemblies are driven by the associated black and white keys 1a and 1b on the way from the rest position to the end position. When one of the black and white keys 1a and 1b is depressed, the associated key action mechanism 2 drives the associated hammer assembly 3 for rotation, and the hammer assembly 3 strikes at the associated set of strings. While the key is staying at the rest position, the damper assembly 5 is held in contact with the associated set of strings. However, while the key is moving toward the rest position, the key pushes the damper assembly 5, and leaves the damper assembly 5 from the associated set of strings 4, thereby allowing the set of strings 4 to vibrate upon strike with the hammer assembly 3. Turning to Fig. 2 of the drawings, one of the key action mechanisms 2 is linked with a capstan button 1e of the key 1b, and the associated hammer assembly 3a is provided for striking a set of strings 4a horizontally stretched over the key action mechanism 2. The key action mechanism 2a largely comprises an action bracket 301 fixed to a bracket block mounted on the key bed 1d, a whippen rail 302 expending over the keys 1a and 1b and bolted to the action bracket 301, a whippen flange 303 fixed to the whippen rail 302, a whippen assembly 304 turnable around the whippen flange 303 and a regulating button 305 supported by the action bracket 301 and associated with the whippen assembly 304. Although a back check is further incorporated in the key action mechanism 2a, Fig. 2 does not illustrate it. The whippen assembly 304 comprises a whippen 306 swingably supported by the whippen flange 303, a repetition lever flange 307 upright from the whippen 306, a repetition lever 308 rockably supported by the repetition lever flange 307, a jack 309 swingably supported by the leading end of the whippen 306 and a repetition spring 310 urging the repetition lever 308 in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 309 is held in contact with a hammer roller 3b of the associated hammer assembly 3a while the key 1b is in the rest position. The jack 309 has a toe 311 opposed to the regulating button 305, and the gap between the toe 311 and the regulating button 305 is adjusted to a predetermined value. If the key 1b is depressed, the whippen 306 rotates in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 309 pushes up the hammer roller 3b and, accordingly, the hammer assembly 304. When the toe 311 comes into contact with the regulating button 305, the jack 309 per se turns around the whippen 306 in the clockwise direction against a repetition spring 210, and, finally, kicks the hammer assembly 3a. The hammer assembly 3a thus escaped from the jack 309 rushes toward the set of strings 4a at high speed, and rebounds on the strings 4a. The hammer assembly 3a comprises a shank flange rail 320 bolted to the action bracket 301 and shared between the hammer assemblies 3, a shank flange 321 bolted to the shank flange rail 320, a hammer shank 322 turnable around the shank flange 321, the hammer roller 3c rotatably supported by the hammer shank 322, and a hammer head 324 fixed to the leading end of the hammer shank 322. Before the toe 311 comes into contact with the regulating button 205, the hammer roller 3c is held in rolling contact with the jack 309. However, when the jack 309 kicks the hammer roller 3c, the hammer assembly 3a is escaped from the jack 309, and rushes toward the set of strings 4a. Turning back to Fig. 1 of the drawings, each of the damper assemblies 5 comprises a damper lever rail 500 shared between the damper assemblies 5, a damper lever flange 501 fixed to the damper lever rail 500, a damper lever 502 turnably supported by the damper lever flange 501, a damper block 503 pivotally connected with the damper lever 502, a damper wire 504 projecting from the damper block 503 through a damper guide rail, a damper head 506 connected with the leading end of the damper wire 504. While the key 1b is staying in the rest position, the damper lever 502 is pushed down due to the self-weight, and the damper head 506 is held in contact with the associated set of strings 4a for damping the strings. The leading end portion of the damper lever 502 is spaced from the rear end portion of the key 1b. When the key 1b is depressed, the key 1b is moving from the rest position to the end position, and the rear end of the key 1b comes into contact with the damper lever 502. The key 1b pushes up the damper lever 502, and the damper lever 502 turns around the damper lever flange 501 in the counter clockwise direction. The damper wire 504 and the damper head 506 are lifted by the damper lever 502, and the damper head 506 is left from the set of strings 4a. As a result, the strings 4a are allowed to vibrate upon a strike with the hammer assembly 3a. Although a damper pedal of the pedal mechanism 6 can keep the damper head 506 off, no further description is incorporated hereinbelow, because relation between the damper pedal sub-mechanism and a damper assembly is known to a person skilled in the art. Turning to Fig. 3 of the drawings, the electronic sound generating system 200 comprises a sound processing unit 201, a plurality of key sensors 202, a plurality of pedal sensors 203, an amplifier unit 204, a speaker system 205 and a headphone 206, and is activated in the electronic sound producing sub-mode. The plurality of key sensors 202 is respectively associated with the plurality of keys 1a and 1b, and each of the key sensors 202 comprises a shutter plate 202a fixed to the bottom surface of the associated key and a photointerrupter 202b monitoring the shutter plate 202a. Four different patterns are formed in the shutter plate 202a, and the four patterns sequentially passes through an optical path produced by the photo interrupter 202b when the associated key is depressed. Time intervals between the four patterns are reported from the photo interrupter 202a to the sound processing unit 201, and the sound processing unit 201 determines the key velocity and estimates the time when the associated hammer strikes the strings 4a. The pedal sensors 203 monitor the three pedals of the pedal mechanism 6 to see whether or not the player steps on any one of the three pedals. If the player steps on one of the pedals, the pedal sensors 203 detect the motion of the pedal, and report the position of the manipulated pedal to the sound processing unit 201. The sound processing unit 201 comprises a supervisor 207, a data memory 208 for original vibrations, a data processor 209 for original vibrations, a data memory 210 for resonant vibrations, a data processor 211 for resonant vibrations, a data processor 212 for sound spectrum, a working memory 213, a floppy disk controller 214, a floppy disk driver 215, an audio signal generator 216, an equalizer 217 and a bus system 218. As will be described hereinlater in detail, a mode sift switch SW produces a mode signal MODE indicative of one of the acoustic sound mode, the electronically sound producing sub-mode and the true silent sub-mode, and the mode signal MODE is assigned to one of the signal input ports. The other signal input ports are assigned the key sensors 202 and the pedal sensors 203. The supervisor 207 sequentially scans signal input ports assigned to the mode control signal MODE, the detecting signals from the key sensors 202 and the detecting signals from the pedal sensors 203, and supervises the other components 208 to 214 and 216 for producing an audio signal. An internal table is incorporated in the supervisor 207, and the internal table defines relation between the key numbers, key velocity and timings for producing the audio signal. The audio signal is supplied from the equalizer 217 to the amplifier unit 204, and the audio signal is selectively distributed to the speaker system 205 and the headphone 206 for producing synthesized sounds. Various internal registers are incorporated in the supervisor 207, and one of the internal registers is assigned to a mode flag indicative of the presently designated mode. The data memory 208 for original vibrations stores a plurality sets of pcm (Pulse Code Modulation ) data codes indicative of frequency specular of original vibrations on the strings 4, and each set of pcm data codes is corresponding to one of the keys 1a and 1b. A plurality groups of pcm data codes form a set of pcm data codes, and are corresponding to frequency specular at different intensities or hammer speeds. In general, if a hammer head 324 strongly strikes the associated string 4a, higher harmonics are emphasized. The plurality sets of pcm data codes are produced with a sampler (not shown) through sampling of actual vibrations on the sets of strings 4 at appropriate sampling frequency. However, the set of pcm data codes may be produced by means of the data processor 212 through a real-time manner. Using a group of pcm data codes, original vibrations produced upon depressing a key 1a or 1b are restored, and the supervisor 207 controls the sequential access to a group of pcm data codes stored in the data memory 208. The data processor 209 for original vibrations is provided in association with the data memory 208, and modifies a group of pcm data codes for an intermediate hammer speed. The modification with the data processor 209 is also controlled by the supervisor 207. As described hereinbefore, the intensity of frequency spectrum is corresponding to the hammer speed. However, the intensities are variable with the type and model of the piano. The data memory 210 for resonant vibrations stores a plurality sets of pcm data codes indicative of resonant vibrations, and the resonant vibrations take place under step on the damper pedal. While a player steps on a damper pedal of a piano, the damper heads 506 are held off, and some of the strings are resonant with the strings 4a directly struck by the associated hammer head 324. The resonant tones range -10 dB and -20 dB with respect to the tone originally produced through strike with the hammer head 324, and time delay of several millisecond to hundreds millisecond is introduced between the originally produced tone and the resonant tones. If the player continuously steps on the damper pedal, the resonant tones continues several seconds. However, the player can rapidly terminate the original and resonant tones by releasing the damper pedal, and the audio signal generator 216 is responsive to the detecting signal of the pedal sensors 203 for the rapid termination. The pcm data codes stored in the data memory 210 are indicative of frequency specular of the resonant vibrations, and are also produced by means of the sampler or the data processor 211 for resonant vibrations. Each of the plurality sets of pcm data codes for the resonant tones is addressable with one of the depressed keys 1a or 1b, and is constituted by six groups of pcm data codes at the maximum. Each group of pcm data codes is corresponding to one of the resonant strings 4a, and the second harmonic to the sixth harmonic are taken into account for strings one octave higher than low-pitched sounds. However, if the depressed key is lower than the thirteenth key from the lowest key of the eighty-eight keys, the string one octave lower than the depressed key should be taken into account. A set of pcm data codes are sequentially read out from the data memory 210 depending upon the depressed key 1a or 1b under the control of the supervisor 207, and the data processor 211 for resonant vibrations modifies the pcm data codes for an intermediate intensity. The memory capacity of the data memory 210 may be large enough to store the pcm data codes at all of the detectable hammer speeds, and the data processor 211 may calculate each set of pcm data codes on the basis of parameters stored in the data memory 210. The data processor 212 for sound spectrum can produce not only a group of pcm data codes indicative of frequency spectrum for original vibrations but also a set of pcm data codes indicative of frequency specular for resonant vibrations as described hereinbefore. The data processor 212 is further operative to cause the frequency specular to decay. In detail, when a player releases a key 1a of an acoustic piano, original vibrations on a set of strings rapidly decays, because an associated damper head is brought into contact with the strings. The data processor 207 simulates the decay of the vibrations in the acoustic piano, and sequentially decreases the values of the pcm data codes. The resonant tones continue for several seconds in so far as the player keeps the damper pedal in the depressed state. However, if the player releases the damper pedal, the resonant tones are rapidly decayed. The data processor 212 also simulates the decay, and sequentially decreases the values of the pcm data codes for the resonant vibrations. The decay is not constant. If the player releases the damper pedal through a half pedal, the tones decay at lower speed rather than the ordinary release. Moreover, some players use the half pedal in such a manner as to retard low-pitched tones rather than high-pitched tones, and such a pedal manipulation is called as an oblique contact. On the contrary, if the damper pedal causes all the dampers to be simultaneously brought into contact with the strings', the damper manipulation is referred to as simultaneous contact. The data processor 212 can simulate the gentle decay for the release through the half pedal as well as the oblique contact, and the values of the pcm data codes are decreased at either high, standard or low speed in the simultaneous contact and at different speed in the oblique contact. The data processor 212 may change the ratio between the fundamental tone and the harmonics thereof for the half pedal, and decay high-order harmonics faster than the fundamental tone. The frame of an acoustic piano usually vibrates, and the frame noises participate the piano tone. The data processor 212 may take these secondary noises into account and modify the frequency ratio. The audio signal generator 216 comprises a digital filter, a digital-to-analog converter and a low-pass filter, and produces an analog audio signal from the pcm data codes supplied from the data memories 208 and 210 and/ or the data processors 209, 211 and 212. The pcm data codes are subjected to a digital filtering, and are, then, converted into the analog audio signal. In the digital filtering, the vibration characteristics of the speaker system 205 and vibratory characteristics of the speaker box (not shown) are taken into account, and the pcm data codes are modified in such a manner that the frequency spectrum of produced sounds becomes flat. The digital filter is of the FIR type. However, an IIR type digital filter is available. An oversampling type digital filter may follow the digital filtering for eliminating quantized noises. After the digital filtering, the digital-to-analog converter produces the analog audio signal, and the analog audio signal is filtered by the low-pass filter. The low-pass filter is of a Butterworth type for improving group delay. The analog audio signal thus filtered is supplied through the equalizer 217 to the amplifier unit 204, and the amplifier unit 204 amplifies the analog audio signal for driving the speaker system 205 or the headphone 206. The floppy disk driver 215 reads out data codes formatted in accordance with the MIDI standards from a floppy disk under the control of the floppy disk controller 214, and the supervisor 207 allows the audio signal generator 216 to reproduce sounds from the data codes read out from the floppy disk. Therefore, a music can be reproduced in the timbre of another musical instrument such as, for example, a pipeorgan, a harpsichord or a wind musical instrument. The supervisor 207 may format the detecting signals of the key sensors 202 and the detecting signals of the pedal sensors 203 in accordance with the MIDI standards, and the MIDI codes are stored in a floppy disk under the control of the floppy disk controller 214. If the keyboard instrument can record and reproduce a performance, the keyboard instrument has four modes of operation, i.e., the acoustic sound mode, the silent mode, the recording mode and the playback mode, and the silent mode also has two sub-modes. Turning back to Fig. 2 of the drawings, the mode controlling system 700 comprises a bracket member 700 bolted to the frame 12a connected with a pin block 12b, a shank stopper 701 turnably supported by post members outside the frame 12a, a electric motor unit 702 for changing the shank stopper 701 between a free position FP and a blocking position BP through a bidirectional rotation and a motor and actuator driver 703. The motor and actuator driver 703 energizes the electric motor unit 702 and solenoid-operated actuator units 704 under the control of the supervisor 207. The solenoid-operated actuators 704 are described in detail hereinlater. The bracket member 700 is located over the hammer assemblies 3a, and the shank stopper 701 comprises a rotational bracket 701a coupled with the motor unit 704 and a cushion member 701b bonded to the rotational bracket 701a. While the grand piano-like keyboard instrument is in the acoustic sound mode, the motor and actuator driver 703 keeps the shank stopper 701 in the free position FP as indicated by a real line, and allows the hammer heads 324 to strike the associated sets of strings 4. On the other hand, when the grand piano is in the silent mode, the shank stopper 701 enters into the blocking position BP indicted by dots-and-dash line, and the hammer shanks 322 comes into contact with the shank stopper 701 on the way toward the associated sets of strings 4. Large force is exerted to the shank stopper 701 at the impact. However, the frame 12a is so rigid that the impact can not have any influence on the grand piano-like keyboard instrument. The mode controlling system 7 further comprises a gap regulating sub-mechanism 705 so as change the gap between the jacks 309 and the regulating buttons 305 depending upon the mode of operation. In detail, the gap regulating sub-mechanism 705 comprises an upper rail member 706 bolted to the shank flange rail 320, a lower rail member 707 pressed toward the upper rail member 706 by means of springs 708, three wedge members 709 inserted between the upper rail member 706 and the lower rail member 707, a beam member 710 supporting the three wedge members 709 and the solenoid operated actuator unit 704 for moving the beam member 710 and, accordingly, the three wedge members 709 between a projecting position and a retracted position under the control of the motor and actuator driver unit 703. Fig. 4 illustrates the wedge members 709 sandwiched between the upper rail member 706 and the lower rail member 707. The three wedge members 709 are respectively associated with the key action mechanisms 2a for high-pitch tones, the key action mechanisms 2a for middle pitch tones and the key action mechanisms 2a for low-pitch tones, and the oblique surfaces of the three wedge members 709 are respectively adjusted to appropriate angles. The solenoid-operated actuators 704 have respective plungers 704a attached to both end portions of the beam member 710, and uniformly advance the wedge members 709 between the upper rail member 706 and the lower rail member 707 against the elastic force of the springs 708. While the grand piano-like keyboard instrument is in the acoustic sound mode, the solenoid-operated actuators 704 retract the plungers 704a, and the wedge members 709 enters into the retracted position. The springs 708 cause the lower rail member 707 to be closer to the upper rail member 706, and the regulating buttons 305 are spaced from the toes 311 of the associated jacks 309. In this situation, the gaps between the toes 311 and the regulating buttons 305 are adjusted to standard values of a grand piano. On the other hand, when the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the solenoid-operated actuator units 704 projects the plungers 704a, and the wedge members 709 enters into the projecting position. The wedge members 709 push down the lower rail member 707 against the elastic force of the springs 708, and the regulating buttons 305 becomes closer to the toes 311 of the associated jacks 309. The gaps between the toes 311 and the regulating buttons 305 are decreased to predetermined values, and allow the jacks 309 to escape from the associated hammer assemblies 3a before contact with the shank stopper 701 in the blocking position BP. In this instance, the wedge members 709 changes the gaps between the regulating buttons 305 and the toes 311 by about 1 millimeter, and the gap between the hammer heads and the sets of strings at the escape is between 5 to 7 millimeters. However, while the wedge members 709 is retracted, the gap between the hammer heads and the sets of strings are about 2 millimeters, and is equal to the standard value of a grand piano. Description is made on performances in both acoustic sound and silent modes with reference to Fig. 5A. When the sound producing unit 201 is powered, the supervisor 207 reads out the mode flag from the internal register as by step S1, and checks the mode flag to see whether the player instructs the acoustic sound mode, the electronically sound producing sub-mode or the true silent sub-mode as by step S2. If the player designates the grand piano-like keyboard instrument to enter into the acoustic sound mode, the supervisor 207 instructs the motor and actuator driver unit 705 to change the shank stopper 701 and the wedge members 709 to the free position FP and the retracted position, respectively, as by step S3. Then, the electric motor unit 702 rotates the rotational member 701a in the clockwise direction, and the shank stopper 701 becomes close to the lower surface of the bracket member 700. The solenoid-operated actuator 704 retracts the wedge members 709, and the springs 708 lifts the lower rail member 707 and the wedge members 709. As a result, each hammer head 324 can strike the associated set of strings 4a without interruption of the shank stopper 701, and the gaps between the regulating buttons 305 and the toes of the associated jacks 309 are regulated to the standard values. While the player is performing a music on the keyboard 1, the key 1b is assumed to be depressed. The key 1b is moved from the rest position toward the end position, and the capstan button 1e pushes up the whippen heel, and the key action mechanism 2a behaves as similar to the silent mode. The key 1b lifts the damper lever 502, and the damper lever 502 leaves the damper head 506 from the strings 4a. The key action mechanism 2a drives the hammer assembly 3a, and the hammer shank 302 is escaped from the jack 210 at the standard timing. The hammer assembly 3a rotates in the clockwise direction, and the hammer head 324 strikes the strings 4a without any interruption of the shank stopper 701. The strings vibrate, and produce an acoustic sound. The player feels the key-touch usual, because the jack 309 escapes at the standard timing as similar to a grand piano. While the player is performing a music in the acoustic sound producing mode, the supervisor 207 periodically checks the input port assigned to the mode signal MODE to see whether or not the player changes the mode from the acoustic sound producing mode to the electrically sound producing sub-mode or the true silent sub-mode as by step S4. If the answer to the step S4 is given negative, the supervisor 207 repeats step S4, and the player continues to perform the music. However, if the player manipulates the mode shift switch SW, the answer to the step S4 is given positive, and the supervisor 207 returns to step S2. If the answer to the step S2 is indicative of the electronically sound producing sub-mode, the supervisor 207 rewrites the mode flag, and instructs the motor and actuator driver unit 705 to change the shank stopper 701 and the wedge members 709 to the blocking position BP and the projecting position as by step S5. Then, the cushion member 701b is directed to the hammer shanks 322, and the gaps between the regulating buttons 305 and the toes 311 cause the jacks 309 to escape earlier than the acoustic sound mode. While the player is selectively depressing the block and white keys 1a and 1b, the sound processing unit 201 electronically synthesizes sounds through an electronically sound producing sub-routine S6 in cooperation with the key sensors 202, the pedal sensors 203, the amplifier 204 and the headphone 206. Of course, the player can hear the synthesized sounds from the speaker system 205. However, if the player hears the sounds with headphone 206, the synthesized sounds do not disturb people sleeping in bed. In the electronically sound producing sub-mode, the key action mechanisms 2a also drive the hammer mechanisms 3a, and the regulating buttons 305 restricts the toes 311 earlier than the acoustic sound mode. For this reason, the jacks 309 escape from the hammer assemblies 3a before contact with the shank stopper 701. As a result, the key action mechanisms 2a and the hammer mechanisms 3a give the piano key-touch to the player. However, the hammer shanks 322 impacts on the cushion member 701b, and any noises are not mixed with the synthesized sounds. While the player is performing a music in the electronically sound producing sub-mode, the supervisor 207 periodically checks the mode flag to see whether or not the player changes the operation mode as by step S7. If the answer is given negative the sound producing unit 201 continues to produce the synthesized sounds in accordance with the depressed keys 1a ad 1b and the pedals. Fig. 5B illustrates the electronically sound producing sub-routine. Upon entry of the electronically sound producing sub-routine S6, the supervisor 207 monitors the input port assigned to the detecting signals from the key sensors 202, and receives the detecting signal from the key sensors 202 as by step S61, if any. After the receipt of the detecting signal, the supervisor 207 identifies the depressed key, and determines the key velocity on the basis of the detecting signal. The supervisor 207 further checks the input port assigned to the detecting signals from the pedal sensors 203 to see whether or not the player steps on one of the pedals as by step S62. If the answer to the step S62 is given negative, the supervisor 207 accesses one of the groups of pcm data codes associated with the depressed key in the data memory 208 or instructs the data processor 212 to tailor a group of pcm data codes for the depressed key. The supervisor 207 accesses the internal table thereof, and determines appropriate timing for producing the audio signal as by step S64. The supervisor 207 waits for the appropriate timing, and supplies the group of pcm data codes to the audio signal generator 216 for producing the audio signal as by step S65. The audio signal is amplified by the amplifier 204, and the headphone 206 produces a synthesized sound corresponding to the depressed key. After the step S65, the supervisor 207 returns to the program sequence shown in Fig. 5A, and proceeds to step S7. However, if one of the pedal such as the damper pedal is moved, the answer to the step S62 is given positive, and the supervisor 207 checks the detecting signal from the pedal sensors 203 to see whether or not the pedal is pushed down as by step S66. If the player steps on the pedal, the answer to the step S66 is given positive, and the supervisor 207 accesses the pcm data codes in the data memory 208 or instruct the data processor 212 to tailor the pcm data codes as by step S67. The supervisor 207 further accesses the pcm data codes in the data memory 210 or instructs the data processor 211 to tailor the pcm data codes as by step S68 so as to simulate the resonant vibrations on the related strings. The supervisor 207 controls the timing of the pcm data codes for the original vibrations and the timing of the pcm data codes for the resonant vibrations as by step S69, and time delay is introduced between the timing for the original vibrations and the timing for the resonant vibrations. Upon completion of the step S69, the supervisor 3k proceeds to the step S65. On the other hand, if the pedal is upwardly moved to the rest position, the answer to the step S66 is given negative, and the supervisor 207 instructs the data processor 212 to sequentially decrease the values of the pcm data codes at a selected speed so as to decay the synthesized tone and the resonant tones as by step S70. Then, the supervisor 3k proceeds to the step S65. Turning back to Fig. 5A, while the player is performing the music in the electronically sound producing sub-mode, the supervisor 207 periodically checks the input port assigned to the mode shift signal MODE to see whether or not the mode is changed to the acoustic sound producing mode or the true silent sub-mode as described hereinbefore. If the answer to the step S7 is given positive, the supervisor 3k returns to the step S2 again. If the player requests the grand piano-like keyboard instrument to enter into the true silent sub-mode, the supervisor 207 instructs the motor and actuator driver 705 to keep the shank stopper 322 and the wedge members 709 in the blocking position BP and the projecting position as by step S8, and proceeds to step S7. Therefore, the player can practices the fingering on the keyboard 1 without any sound. Thus, the supervisor 3k sequentially executes the loop consisting of the steps S2 to S8, and the player performs the music in one of the acoustic sound mode, the electronically sound producing sub-mode and the true silent sub-mode. As will be appreciated from the foregoing description, the mode controlling system 700 incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument gives the identical key touch with a grand piano to the player in the acoustic sound mode, and allows the sound producing unit 201 to produce the synthesized tones with a quasi-key-touch. The gap regulating sub-system is applicable to an upright piano-like keyboard instrument. Fig. 6 shows essential parts of the upright piano-like keyboard instrument, and the upright piano-like keyboard instrument selectively enters an acoustic sound mode and a silent mode. While staying in the acoustic sound mode, the upright piano-like keyboard instrument serves as an acoustic upright piano, and not only the sounds but also the key-touch are identical with those of the acoustic upright piano. On the other hand, the upright piano-like keyboard instrument electrically synthesizes sounds in response to keying-in in an electronically sound producing sub-mode of the silent mode, and the acoustic sounds are not produced. The upright piano-like keyboard instrument comprises a keyboard, a plurality of key action mechanisms 11, a plurality of hammer mechanisms 12, a plurality of damper mechanisms 13, plurality sets of strings 14 and a pedal mechanism. However, only one key action mechanism 11, the associated hammer mechanism 12, the associated damper mechanism 13 and the associated set of strings 14 are illustrated in Fig. 6. Each of the key action mechanisms 11 comprises an whippen 11a held in contact with a capstan button upright from the rear end of the associated key, a jack 11b rotatably provided on the whippen 11a a jack spring 11c urging the jack 11b in the counter clockwise direction and a regulating button lid opposed to a toe lie of the jack 11b, and the jack 11b drives the associated hammer mechanism 12 for rotation. Each of the hammer mechanisms 12 comprises a butt 12a kicked by the jack 11b, a hammer shank 12b implanted in the butt 12a and a hammer head 12c connected with the leading end of the hammer shank 12b. The hammer shank 12b is formed of maple or the like, and the hammer head 12c is implemented by a hammer felt 12d attached to a hammer wood 12e. The mode controlling system 15 comprises a shank stopper mechanism 15a and a gap regulating sub-system 15b, and the shank stopper mechanism 15a and the gap regulating sub-system 15b are changed between a free position and a blocking position and between a retracted position and a projecting position depending upon the operation mode. Though not shown in the drawings, a driving mechanism is associated with a rod member 15c, and rotates the rod member 15c so as to change cushion members 15d attached thereto between the free position indicated by the real line and the blocking position indicated between a dots-and-dash line. While the upright piano-like keyboard instrument is in the acoustic sound mode, the driving mechanism causes the cushion members 15d to enter into the free position, and the hammer head 12d can strike the associated set of strings 14 without interruption of the shank stopper mechanism 15a. On the other hand, if the upright piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the driving mechanism rotates the rod member 15c, and the hammer shank 12b is brought into contact with the cushion members 15d before strike at the associated strings 14. The gap regulating sub-system 15b comprises a deformable regulating bracket 15e fixed to a center rail 16, a regulating rail 15f attached to the lower surface of the deformable regulating bracket 15e and a driving mechanism 15g (see Fig. 7), and the driving mechanism 15g resiliently deforms all of the regulating brackets including the bracket 15e. The regulating rail 15f is split into three rail portions respectively associated with the regulating buttons 11d for high-pitch tones, the regulating buttons 11d for middle-pitch tones and the regulating buttons 11d for the low-pitched tones. Turning to Fig. 7 of the drawings, a part of the driving mechanism 15g associated with only one of the rail portions 100a is illustrated, and the other parts are similar to that associated with the rail portion 100a. The driving mechanism 15g comprises a pair of wires 15h bolted to both ends of the rail portion 100a, a pair of timing rollers 15i rotatably supported by a case of the upright piano for providing tension to the wires 15h, a pair of stoppers 15j bolted to the center rail 16 for restricting a downward motion of the rail portion 100a, a pair of wires 15k anchored to a pedal 15m, and a pair of springs 15n inserted between the pair of wires 15h and the pair of wires 15k. While any force is exerted on the pedal 15m, the springs 15n pull up the pedal 15m, and the pedal 15m is held in contact with the uppermost edge of a lower board 15p. When a player steps on the pedal 15m, the pedal 15m pulls down the wires 15k, and the rail portion 100a is moved downwardly by 1 millimeter. As a result, the regulating brackets 15e is deformed by 1 millimeter, and gaps between the repetition buttons 11d and the toes 11e of the associated jacks 11b are decreased to 5-7 millimeters which is narrower than the standard values by 1 millimeter. If the player laterally moves the pedal 15m, the pedal 15m is engaged with a lower edge 15q of the lower board 15p as shown in Fig. 7. Thus, the gaps are regulable depending upon the mode of operation. In the silent mode, the regulating buttons 11d closer to the toes 11e allows the jacks 11b to escape from the hammer buts 12a before contact with the cushion members 15d, and an electronic sound producing unit produces synthesized tones instead of the acoustic tones. On the other hand, while being in the acoustic sound mode, the regulating buttons 11d return to the home positions, and allow the jacks 11b to escape from the butts 12a at regular timings, respectively, and the key-touch is ordinary. Turning to Fig. 8 of the drawings, a key action mechanism 21, a hammer mechanism 22, a damper mechanism 23, a set of strings 24, a shank stopper and a gap regulating sub-mechanism 26 are incorporated in an upright piano-like keyboard instrument. The key action mechanism 21, the hammer mechanism 22, the damper mechanism 23, the set of strings 24 and the gap regulating sub-mechanism 26 are similar to those of the upright piano-like keyboard instrument shown in Fig. 6, and no further description is incorporated hereinbelow for the sake of simplicity. The shank stopper 25 comprises a supporting member 25a and cushion members 25b attached to the supporting member 25a, and the shank stopper 25 is movable between a free position FP in the acoustic sound mode and a blocking position BP in the silent mode. The gap regulating sub-system 26 changes the gaps between the regulating buttons and the toes of the jacks as similar to the gap regulating sub-system shown in Fig. 6. Second Embodiment Turning to Fig. 9 of the drawings, a key action mechanism 31 and a hammer mechanism 32 is incorporated in another grand piano-like keyboard instrument together with a mode controlling system 33. Of course, the key action mechanism 31 and the hammer mechanism 32 are associated with one of the keys of a keyboard, and the other keys are also accompanied with the key action mechanisms 31 and the hammer mechanisms 32. The other components are similar to those of the first embodiment, and are not illustrated in Fig. 9 for the sake of simplicity. The key action mechanisms 31 is linked with a capstan button 34 of a key 35, and the associated hammer assembly 32 is provided for striking a set of strings 36 horizontally stretched over the key action mechanism 31. The key action mechanism 31 largely comprises an action bracket 31a fixed to a bracket block (not shown) mounted on a key bed (not shown), a whippen rail 31b expending over the keys and bolted to the action bracket 31a, a whippen flange 31c fixed to the whippen rail 31b, a whippen assembly 31d turnable around the whippen flange 31c and a regulating button 31e supported by the action bracket 31a and associated with the whippen assembly 31d. The whippen assembly 31d comprises a whippen 31f swingably supported by the whippen flange 31c, a repetition lever flange 31g upright from the whippen 31f, a repetition lever 31h rockably supported by the repetition lever flange 31g, a jack 31i swingably supported by the leading end of the whippen 31f and a repetition spring 31j urging the repetition lever 31h in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 31i is held in contact with a hammer roller 32a of the associated hammer assembly 32 while the key 35 is in the rest position. The jack 31i has a toe 31k opposed to the regulating button 31e, and the gap between the toe 31k and the regulating button 31e is adjusted to a predetermined value. If the key 35 is depressed, the whippen 31f rotates in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 31i pushes up the hammer roller 32a and, accordingly, the hammer assembly 32. When the toe 31k comes into contact with the regulating button 31e, the jack 31i per se turns around the whippen 31f against the repetition spring 31j, and, finally, kicks the hammer assembly 32. The hammer assembly 32 thus escaped from the jack 31i rushes toward the set of strings 36 at high speed, and rebounds on the strings 36. The hammer assembly 32 comprises a shank flange rail 32b bolted to the action bracket 31a and shared between the hammer assemblies, a shank flange 32c bolted to the shank flange rail 32b, a hammer shank 32d turnable around the shank flange 32c, the hammer roller 32a rotatably supported by the hammer shank 32d, and a hammer head 32e fixed to the leading end of the hammer shank 32d. Before the toe 31k comes into contact with the regulating button 31e, the hammer roller 32a is held in rolling contact with the jack 31i. However, when the jack 31i kicks the hammer roller 32a, the hammer assembly 32 is escaped from the jack 31i, and rushes toward the set of strings 36. The mode controlling system 33 largely comprises a shank stopper 33a, a gap regulator 33b and a motor and actuator driver unit 33c, and the motor and actuator driver unit 33c behaves under the control of a supervisor of a sound producing unit (not shown) as similar to the motor and actuator driver unit 703. The shank stopper 33a comprises an electric motor (not shown), a rotatable rod member 33d and cushion members attached to the rotatable rod member 33d. The electric motor (not shown) changes the cushion member between a free position FP in the acoustic sound mode and a blocking position BP in the silent mode. The gap regulator 33b comprises a solenoid-operated actuator unit 33f, a bracket member 33g, a plurality of deformable spacer plates 33h respectively associated with the regulating buttons 31e, a guide member 33i bolted to the shank flange rail 32b for slidably supporting the bracket member 33g and cushion sheets 33j attached to the lower surfaces of the spacer plates 33h (see Figs. 10 and 11). A lubricant sheet 33m is attached to the guide member 33i, and allows the bracket member 33g to smoothly slide thereover. In this instance, the spacer plates 33h are integral with one another, and fixed to the bracket member 33m as shown in Fig. 12. When the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the acoustic sound mode, a first coil member 33n is energized by the motor and actuator driver unit 33c, and the solenoid-operated actuator unit 33f keeps the bracket. member 33g and, accordingly, the spacer plates 33h in a retracted position as shown in Fig. 10. If, on the other hand, the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the motor and actuator driver unit 33c energizes a second coil member 33o, and the solenoid-operated actuator unit 33f projects the bracket members 33g and the spacer plates 33h as shown in Fig. 11. As a result, the spacer plates 33h is positioned between the toes 31k and the regulating buttons 31e, and decreases the gaps between the toes 31k and the regulating buttons 31e by about 1 millimeter. Therefore, while a player is performing a music in the acoustic sound mode, the shank stopper 33a and the gap regulator 33b are kept in the free position FP and the retracted position, respectively, and the hammer mechanisms strike the associated sets of strings 36 in response to the fingering on the keyboard. The gaps between the toes 31k and the regulating buttons 31e are standard values of a grand piano, and the key action mechanisms 31 and the hammer mechanisms 32 give the unique key-touch to the player. On the other hand, when the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the shank stopper 33a is shafted to the blocking position, and the spacer plates 33h are advanced to the projecting position. While the player is performing a music in the silent mode, the toes 31k are brought into contact with the cushion sheets 33j earlier than the contact with the regulating buttons 31e, and the jacks 31i escape from he hammer assemblies 32 before the contact with the cushion members 33e. Therefore, the key action mechanisms 31 and the associated hammer mechanisms 32 give a quasi piano like key-touch to the player, and the hammer shanks 32d rebound on the cushion members 33e without strike at the associated sets of strings 36. Even if a gap takes place between the spacer plate 33h and the regulating button 31e, the toes deforms the spacer plate 33h, and the jack 31i escapes at the same timings as the other jacks. If the player wants to hear synthesized sounds, the electronic sound producing unit (not shown) supplies the audio signal to a headphone or a speaker as similar to the first embodiment. Third Embodiment Turning to Fig. 13 of the drawings, a key action mechanism 41 and a hammer mechanism 42 is incorporated in yet another grand piano-like keyboard instrument together with a mode controlling system 43. Of course, the key action mechanism 41 and the hammer mechanism 42 are associated with one of the keys of a keyboard, and the other keys are also accompanied with the individual key action mechanisms 41 and the individual hammer mechanisms 42. The other components are similar to those of the first embodiment, and are not illustrated in Fig. 13 for the sake of simplicity. The key action mechanisms 41 is linked with a capstan button 44 of the key 45, and the associated hammer assembly 42 is provided for striking a set of strings 46 horizontally stretched over the key action mechanism 41. The key action mechanism 41 largely comprises an action bracket 41a fixed to a bracket block (not shown) mounted on a key bed (not shown), a whippen rail 41b expending over the keys and bolted to the action bracket 41a, a whippen flange 41c fixed to the whippen rail 41b, a whippen assembly 41d turnable around the whippen flange 41c and a regulating button 41e supported by the action bracket 41a and associated with the whippen assembly 41d. The whippen assembly 41d comprises a whippen 41f swingably supported by the whippen flange 41c, a repetition lever flange 41g upright from the whippen 41f, a repetition lever 41h rockably supported by the repetition lever flange 41g, a jack 41i swingably supported by the leading end of the whippen 41f and a repetition spring 41j urging the repetition lever 41h in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 41i is held in contact with a hammer roller 42a of the associated hammer assembly 42 while the key 45 is in the rest position. The jack 41i has a toe 41k opposed to the regulating button 41e, and the gap between the toe 41k and the regulating button 41e is adjusted to a predetermined value. If the key 45 is depressed, the whippen 41f rotates in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 41i pushes up the hammer roller 42a and, accordingly, the hammer assembly 42. When the toe 41k comes into contact with the regulating button 41e, the jack 41i per se turns around the whippen 41f against the repetition spring 41j, and, finally, kicks the hammer assembly 42. The hammer assembly 42 thus escaped from the jack 41i rushes toward the set of strings 46 at high speed, and rebounds on the strings 46. The hammer assembly 42 comprises a shank flange rail 42b bolted to the action bracket 41a and shared between the hammer assemblies, a shank flange 42c bolted to the shank flange rail 42b, a hammer shank 42d turnable around the shank flange 42c, the hammer roller 42a rotatably supported by the hammer shank 42d, and a hammer head 42e fixed to the leading end of the hammer shank 42d. Before the toe 41k comes into contact with the regulating button 41e, the hammer roller 42a is held in rolling contact with the jack 41i. However, when the jack 41i kicks the hammer roller 42a, the hammer assembly 42 is escaped from the jack 41i, and rushes toward the set of strings 46. The mode controlling system 43 largely comprises a shank stopper 43a, a gap regulator 43b and a motor and actuator driver unit 43c, and the motor and actuator driver unit 43c behaves under the control of a supervisor of a sound producing unit (not shown) as similar to the motor and actuator driver unit 703. The gap regulator 43b comprises a cam member 43d slidably accommodated in the shank flange rail 42b, leaf spring members 43e, a regulating rail member 43f, a pair of stoppers 43g and 43h, a cushion sheet 43i, and a solenoid-operated actuator unit 43j. As will be better seen from Figs. 14 and 15, the cam member 43d has hill positions 43k and valley portions 43m alternating with one another, and the solenoid-operated actuator unit 43j moves the cam member 43d in the longitudinal direction thereof. The leaf springs 43e are bolted to the shank flange rail 42b, and the hill portions 43k or the valley portions 43m are held in contact with the leaf springs 43e. The regulating rail member 43f is split into four to six blocks 43n, and each block 43n is supported by the two leaf springs 43e as shown in Fig. 16. The regulating buttons 41e are hung from the lower surfaces of the blocks 43n, and regulating button punching 43o are opposed to the associated toes 41k. The leaf springs 43e are shaped into a generally Lconfiguration, and each of the leaf springs 43e has a short portion 43p and a long portion 43q as shown in Fig. 17. The angle A1 between the short portion 43p and the long portion 43q is slightly smaller than the right angle, and the long portion 43q is bent at the intermediate point thereof at an angle A2 slightly smaller than 180 degrees. The angles A1 and A2 are changeable depending upon the relative positions between the regulating buttons 41e and the toes 41k. While the leaf springs 43e are held in contact with the valley portions 43m, the elastic force of the leaf springs 43e lifts the regulating rail 43f, and the distance between the regulating button punching 43o and the toes 41k are equal to those of a grand piano. However, if the solenoid-operated actuator unit 43j moves the cam member 43d so as to bring the hill portions 43k into contact with the leaf springs 43e, the cam member 43d urges the leaf springs 43e against the elastic force, and the regulating rail member 43f is pushed down by about 1 millimeter. As a result, the gaps between the regulating button punching 43o and the toes 41k are also decreased by about 1 millimeter. Turning back to Fig. 13, the stoppers 43g and 43h are respectively attached to a wood piece 43r fixed to the repetition lever 41h and to the regulating rail member 43f. While the key 45 is in the rest position in the acoustic sound mode, the gap between the stoppers 43g and 43h is equal to or greater than the gap between a repetition regulating screw 42f and a repetition lever skin 41m, and the stoppers are brought into contact with one another concurrently to or after the contact between the repetition regulating screw 42f and the repetition lever skin 41m while the key 45 is traveling from the rest position to the end position. When the jack 41i escapes from the hammer assembly 42, the distance between the hammer head 42e and the strings 46 is about 2 millimeters, and the hammer assembly 42 returns to 2 millimeters lower than this point. On the other hand, if the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the cam member 43d pushes down the regulating rail member 43f, and the cam member 43d is shifted from a retracted position to a projecting position. The gap between the stoppers 43g and 43h becomes less than the gap between the repetition regulating screw 42f and the repetition lever skin 41m, and the stoppers 43g and 43h are brought into contact with each other before the repetition lever skin 41m comes into contact with the repetition regulating screw 42f. The shank stopper 43a comprises a rod member 43s coupled with an electric motor unit (not shown), a supporting bracket member 43t connected with the rod member 43s and four to six cushion members 43u attached to the supporting bracket member 43t. While the grand piano-like keyboard instrument is in the acoustic sound mode, the motor and actuator driver unit 43c causes the electric motor (not shown) to keep the cushion members 43u in a free position FP, and the hammer heads 42e strike the associated sets of strings 46 without interruption of the shank stopper 43a. On the other hand, if the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the electric motor (not shown) moves the cushion members 43u to the blocking position BP, and the hammer shanks 42d are brought into contact with the cushion members 43u before the hammer heads 42e strike the associated sets of strings 46. Description is made on the silent mode with reference to Fig. 19. When the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the sound producing unit (not shown) instructs the motor and actuator driver unit 43c to change the shank stopper 43a and the gap regulator 43b to the blocking position BP and the projecting position, respectively. While the player is performing a music, the key 45 is assumed to be depressed, and the capstan button 44 pushes up the whippen assembly 41d. The stopper 43g is brought into contact with the stopper 43h before the repetition lever skin 41m comes into contact with the repetition regulating screw 42f, and the repetition lever 41h stops the upward motion. However, the jack 41i continues to push up the hammer roller 42a, and the hammer assembly 42 rotates in the clockwise direction. When the toe 41k is brought into contact with the regulating button punching 43o, the jack 41i stops the upward motion, and, thereafter, the jack 41i escapes from the hammer assembly 42. As described hereinbefore, the gap between the toe 41k and the regulating button punching 43o is narrower than the standard value by about 1 millimeter, and the distance between the hammer head 42e and the strings 46 ranges from 5 millimeters to 7 millimeters at the escape. The hammer assembly 42 returns to 2 millimeters lower than the escaping point. The hammer assembly 42 thus escaping from the jack 41i rushes toward the strings 46, and rebounds on one of the cushion members 43u before strike at the strings 46. Therefore, any acoustic sound is not produced through the vibrations of the strings, and the sound producing unit (not shown) may produce a synthesized tone. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument behaves similar to a grand piano, and the key action mechanism 41 and the hammer assembly 42 give the unique key-touch to the player. However, detailed description is omitted for the sake of simplicity. The rod member 43s and the cam member 43d may be driven by link mechanisms manipulated by a player. Fourth Embodiment Turning to Fig. 20 of the drawings, a key action mechanism 51 and a hammer mechanism 52 is incorporated in yet another grand piano-like keyboard instrument together with a mode controlling system 53. Of course, the key action mechanism 51 and the hammer mechanism 52 are associated with one of the keys 54 of a keyboard, and the other keys are also accompanied with the individual key action mechanisms 51 and the individual hammer mechanisms 52. The other components are similar to those of the first embodiment, and are not illustrated in Fig. 20 for the sake of simplicity. The key action mechanisms 51 is linked with a capstan button 55 of the key 54, and the associated hammer assembly 52 is provided for striking a set of strings 50 horizontally stretched over the key action mechanism 41. Although a damper mechanism 57 is further incorporated in the grand piano-like keyboard instrument, the damper mechanism 57 is analogous to that of a standard grand piano, and no description is made on the damper mechanism 57. The key action mechanism 51 largely comprises an action bracket 51a fixed to a bracket block (not shown) mounted on a key bed 58, a whippen rail 51b expending over the keys and bolted to the action bracket 51a, a whippen flange 51c fixed to the whippen rail 51b, a whippen assembly 51d turnable around the whippen flange 51c, a regulating button 51e supported by the action bracket 51a and associated with the whippen assembly 41d and a regulating button punching 51f attached to the lower surface of the regulating button 51e. The whippen assembly 41d comprises a whippen 51g swingably supported by the whippen flange 51c, a repetition lever flange 51h upright from the whippen 51g, a repetition lever 51u rockably supported by the repetition lever flange 51h, a jack 51j swingably supported by the leading end of the whippen 51g and a repetition spring 51k urging the repetition lever 51i in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 51j is held in contact with a hammer roller 52a of the associated hammer assembly 52 while the key 54 is in the rest position. The jack 51j has a toe 51m opposed to the regulating button punching 51f, and the gap between the toe 51m and the regulating button punching 51f is adjusted to a predetermined value. If the key 54 is depressed, the whippen assembly 51d rotates in the counter clockwise direction, and the jack 51j pushes up the hammer roller 52a and, accordingly, the hammer assembly 52. When the toe 51m comes into contact with the regulating button punching 51f, the jack 51j stops the upward motion, and, then, kicks the hammer assembly 52. The hammer assembly 42 thus escaped from the jack 51j rushes toward the set of strings 57 at high speed, and rebounds on the strings 56 in the acoustic sound mode. The hammer assembly 52 comprises a shank flange rail 52b bolted to the action bracket 51a and shared between the hammer assemblies, a shank flange 52c bolted to the shank flange rail 52b, a hammer shank 52d turnable around the shank flange 52c, the hammer roller 52a rotatably supported by the hammer shank 52d and a hammer head 52e fixed to the leading end of the hammer shank 52d. Before the toe 51m comes into contact with the regulating button punching 51f, the hammer roller 52a is held in rolling contact with the jack 51j. However, when the jack 51j kicks the hammer roller 52a, the hammer assembly 52 is escaped from the jack 51j, and rushes toward the set of strings 56. The mode controlling system 53 largely comprises a shank stopper 53a and a gap regulator 43b and a motor and actuator driver unit 43c, and cooperates with a sound producing unit (not shown) in an electronic sound producing sub-mode of the silent mode as similar to the first embodiment. Turning to figs. 21 and 22, the shank stopper 53a comprises a stopper plate 531 extending over the hammer assemblies 52 reinforced by a rigid plate 532 and a plurality of cushion members 533 arranged at intervals and associated with the hammer shanks 52d, respectively, and the intervals are as narrow as the pitch of the hammer assemblies 52 regulated to 13 millimeters in this instance. The shank stopper 53a further comprises five arm members 534 anchored to the lower surface of he stopper plate 531 at intervals, and a driving mechanism 53c laterally moves the stopper plate 531 depending upon the operation mode. The arm members at both ends of the stopper plate 531 are slidably supported by a journal units 535, and the journal units 535 are mounted on a bracket member 536. While the grand piano-like keyboard instrument is in the acoustic sound mode, the driving mechanism 53c positions the gaps between the cushion members 533 over the shammer shanks 52d, and allows the hammer heads 52e to strike the associated sets of strings 56 without interruption of the cushion members 533. On the other hand, if the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, the driving mechanism 53c shifts the stopper plate 531 so as to place the cushion members 533 over the hammer shanks 52d. As a result, when a player depresses the key 54, the hammer shank 52d is brought into contact with the associated cushion member 533 before the strike at the set of strings 56, and the set of strings 56 does not vibrate for producing an acoustic tone. The driving mechanism 53c comprises a lever 537 manipulated by the player, a flexible wire 538 connected between the lever 537 and a rockable arm 539, a rod member 540 connected with the rockable arm 539 and a block member 541 loosely engaged with one of the arm members 534. When the player pushes the lever 537, the wire 538 causes the rockable arm 539 to turn, and the rod member 540 rotates around the center axis thereof. As a result, the block member rightwardly pushes the arm member 534, and the stopper plate 531 changes the position. If the player pulls the lever 537, the flexible wire 538 is retracted, and the rockable arm 539 turns in the counter clockwise direction. As a result, the block member 541 leftwardly pushes the stopper plate 531, and the cushion members 533 returns to the initial position. Turning to Fig. 23 of the drawings, the gap regulator 53b is supported by a supporting structure 551, and the supporting structure 551 in turn is supported through a plurality of bracket members 552 by the shank flange rail 52b. As will be better seen from Fig. 24, holes 553 and 554 are formed in the upper and lower arms of the bracket member 552, and bolts 555 are screwed through the holes 553 and 554 into the shank flange rail 52b. The gap regulator 53b comprises a regulating rail member 556 split into a plurality of blocks, 5561 to 556n and a rotational rod member 557 rotatably supported by journal units 558 mounted on the supporting structure 551, and the rotational rod member 557 is imaginary split into a plurality of sections 5571 to 557n respectively assigned to the blocks 5561 to 556n. The regulating buttons 51e are grouped into blocks respectively corresponding to the blocks 5561 to 556n, and are fixed to the associated blocks 5561 to 556n, respectively. The gaps between the regulating button punching 51f and the toes 51m are regulated to 3 to 5 millimeters, and allows the jacks 51j to escape from the hammer assemblies 52 at the distance of 2 to 3 millimeters between the hammer heads 52e and the strings 56 in the acoustic sound mode. However, the gaps between the ties 51m and the regulating button punching 51f are decreased to 1 to 3 millimeters in the silent mode, and allow the jacks 51k to escape from the associated hammer assemblies 52 at the distance ranging from 8 to 15 millimeters. Since the regulating buttons 51e is screwed into the regulating rail member 556, the gaps are easily regulable. The bracket members 552 are provided at sixteen points P as shown in Fig. 25, and the supporting structure 551 is fabricated from generally L-shaped bracket members 551a shown in Fig. 26 and also positioned at P for mounting the journal units 558, a plurality of generally channel shaped bracket members 5551 fixed to the blocks 5561 to 556n of the regulating rail member 556 and a plurality of generally inverted L-shaped bracket members 551c shown in Fig. 27. The rod members 557 is banded to the generally channel-shaped bracket members 551b, and is rotatable together with the bracket members 551b. A flexible wire 580 is anchored at the generally channel-shaped bracket members 551b, and the flexible wire 580 is terminated at the lever 537 of the driving mechanism 53c. Therefore, the driving mechanism 53c is shared between the shank stopper 53a and the gap regulator 53b, and the player can simultaneously changes the shank stopper 53a and the gap regulator 53b. The gap regulator 53b further comprises a spring member 581 inserted between the bracket members 551b and 551c, and the spring member 581 urges the generally channel-shaped bracket members 551b in the clockwise direction. Therefore, the generally channel-shaped bracket members 551b, the rod member 557 and, accordingly, the regulating rail member 556 are urged in the clockwise direction, and increase the gaps between the regulating button punching 51f and the toes 51m. The gap regulator 53b further comprises a stationary rail member 590 and stoppers 591 projecting from the stationary rail member 590. When the flexible wire 580 is pulled down, the stoppers 591 restrict the downward motion of the bracket members 551b. Description is hereinbelow made on the acoustic sound mode and the silent mode. First, if the player pushes the lever 537, the driving mechanism 53c places the cushion members 533 between the hammer shanks 52d, and allows the spring member 581 to pull up the regulating button punching 51f. While the player is performing a music, the key 54 is assumed to be depressed, the capstan button 55 pushes up the whippen assembly 51d, and the jack 51j lifts the hammer assembly 52. When the toe 51m is brought into contact with the regulating button punching 51f, the jack 51j stops the upward motion, and the jack 51j escapes from the hammer assembly 52. The hammer head 52e rushes toward the set of strings 56, and rebounds thereon. The strings 56 vibrate, and produce an acoustic sound. Thus, the jack 51j escapes from the hammer assembly 52 at the same timing as a standard grand piano, and gives the unique key-touch to the player. On the other hand, if the player pulls the lever 537, the stopper plate 531 causes the cushion members 533 to place over the hammer shanks 52d, respectively, and the flexible wire 580 pulls down the bracket members 551b and the regulating rail member 556 against the elastic force of the spring member 581. As a result, the grand piano-like keyboard instrument enters into the silent mode, and the regulating button punching 51f becomes closer to the associated toes 51m. While the player is performing a music in the silent mode, the key 54 is also assumed to be depressed. The capstan button 55 pushes up the whippen assembly 51d, and the jack rotates the hammer assembly in the colockwise direction. When the toe 51m is brought into contact with the regulating button punching 51f earlier than the acoustic sound mode, the jack 51j stops the upeard motion, and kicks the hammer assembly 52 before the hammer shank 52d comes into contact with the cushion member 533. Then, the hammer assembly 52 is driven for rotation at high speed, and strikes the assoicated set of strings 56 without interruption of the cushion member 531. Thus, the strings 56 does not vibrate in the silent mode, and a sound producing unit may produce a synthesized tone instead of the acoustic sound. As will be appreciated from the foregoing descirption, the mode controlling system accoding to the present invention gives piano key-touch to a player in both acoustic and silent modes, and the player can confirm the tones through a headphone in the silent mode. Fig. 29 shows another driving mechanism replaceable with the driving mechanism 53c, and comprises a lever 700, a flexible wire 701, a bracket member 702 attached to the leading end of the flexible wire 701, a plate member 703 connected between the bracket member 702 and the stopper plate 531. The lever 700 is manipulated by a player, and the driving mechanism laterally moves the stopper plate 531. The flexible wire 580 is also connected with the lever 700, and the driving mechanism shifts not only the ahank stopper 53a but also the gap regulator 53b. Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, extensions may be attached to the hammer shanks or the hammer heads and brought into contact with a shank stopper in a silent mode. The extensions may remodel a grand piano to a grand-piano like keyboard instrument according to the present invention.

Claims: A grand-piano like keyboard instrument selectively entering an acoustic sound producing mode and an electronic sound producing mode, comprising: a) a grand piano including a-1) a keyboard (1) having a plurality of keys (1a/1b; 35; 45; 54) turnable with respect to a stationary board member (1d; 58), said plurality of keys being selectively depressed in both acoustic and electronic sound producing modes by a player, a-2) a plurality of key action mechanisms (2; 31; 41; 51) respectively coupled with said plurality of keys, and selectively actuated by said plurality of keys when said player depresses, each of said plurality of key action mechanisms having an action bracket (301; 31a; 41a; 51a) stationary with respect to said stationary board member, an whippen assembly (306; 31d; 41d; 51d) driven by one of said plurality of keys for rotation around one end thereof with respect to said action bracket, a repetition lever flange (307; 31g; 41g; 51h) projecting from an intermediate portion of said whippen assembly, a repetition lever (308; 31h; 41h; 51i) swingably supported by said repetition lever flange and having a through-hole formed in one end portion thereof, a jack (309; 31i; 41i; 51j) rotatably supported by the other end of said whippen assembly and having a toe and a contact portion projecting through said through-hole, a regulating button (305; 31e; 41e; 51e) supported by said action bracket and opposed to said toe, and a repetition spring (310; 31j; 41j; 51k) for urging said repetition lever in a direction to increase a gap between said one end portion of said repetition level and said the other end of said whippen assembly, a-3) a plurality of hammer mechanisms (3; 32; 42; 52) respectively associated with said plurality of key action mechanisms, and having respective hammer heads (324;32e; 42e; 52e) connected with hammer shanks (322; 32d; 42d; 52d) respectively, and driven for rotation by said plurality of key action mechanisms when said player selectively depresses said plurality of keys, the hammer shank of each hammer mechanism being swingably supported by said action bracket of the associated key action mechanism and held in contact with said contact portion of said jack of said associated key action mechanism while the associated key is in a rest position, and a-4) a plurality sets of strings (4; 36; 46; 56) associated with said plurality of hammer mechanisms, and stretched over said plurality of key action mechanisms, each set of strings being struck by said hammer head of the associated hammer mechanism in said acoustic sound producing mode when the player selectively depresses said plurality of keys, b) a stopper means (701; 33a; 43a; 53a) entering into a free position (FP) in said acoustic sound mode for allowing said plurality of hammer m-echanisms to strike the associated sets of strings when said player depresses said plurality of keys, said stopper means entering into a blocking position (BP) in said electronic sound producing mode for blocking said plurality sets of strings from said hammer mechanisms when said player selectively depresses said keys; c) a gap regulating means (705; 33b; 43b; 53b) associated between said regulating button o-f each key action mechanism for changing the gap between said regulating button and said toe depending upon the mode when the associated key is in said rest position; and d) an electronic sound producing means (200) monitoring said plurality of keys to see what keys are depressed by said player in said electronic sound producing mode, and operative to electronically produce sounds corresponding to the keys depressed by said player. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 1, in which said stopper means (701) is implemented by a rotatable rod (701a) and a cushion member (701b) attached to the rotatable rod provided over said plurality of hammer mechanisms, said cushion member being opposed to said hammer shank of each hammer mechanism in said blocking position, said gap regulating means (705) comprising an upper rail member (706) fixed to said action bracket of each key action mechanism, a lower rail member (707) connected with said regulating button of each key action mechanism, spring means (708) coupled between said upper rail member and said lower rail member for urging said lower rail member to said upper rail member, wedge means (709) slidably inserted between said upper rail member and said lower rail member, and an actuator (704) connected with said wedge means, and moving said wedge means between a retracted position in said acoustic sound mode and a projecting position in said electronic sound producing mode. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 2, in which said wedge means (709) is implemented by three wedge members respectively associated with the key action mechanisms for high-pitch tones, the key action mechanisms for middle-pitch tones and the key action mechanisms for low-pitch tones. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 1, in which said stopper means (33a) is implemented by a rotatable rod (33d) and a cushion member (33e) attached to the rotatable rod provided over said plurality of hammer mechanisms, said cushion member being opposed to said hammer shank of each hammer mechanism in said blocking position, said gap regulating means (33b) comprising a guide member (31i) fixed to said action bracket, a bracket member (33g) slidably supported on said guide member, a plurality of spacer plates (33h) attached to a leading end portion of said bracket member, a plurality of cushion sheets (33j) attached to the lower surfaces of said plurality of spacer plates, and an actuator (33f) operative to retract each of said plurality of spacer plates and each of said plurality of cushion sheets from between said toe and said regulating button in said acoustic sound mode and to project each of said plurality of spacer plates and each of said plurality of cushion sheets to between said toe and said regulating button in said electronic sound producing mode. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 4, in which a lubricant sheet (33m) is attached to said guide member so that said bracket member smoothly slides on said lubricant sheet. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 1, in which said stopper means (43a) is implemented by a rotatable rod (43s) and a cushion member (43u) attached to the rotatable rod provided over said plurality of hammer mechanisms, said cushion member being opposed to said hammer shank of each hammer mechanism in said blocking position, said gap regulating means (43b) comprising a cam member (43d) having hill positions (43k) and valley portions (43m), and laterally slidable with respect to said action bracket, leaf spring means (43e) connected with said action bracket, and deformed by said cam member, a regulating rail member (43f) attached to said leaf spring means, and hanging said regulating button of each key action mechanism, a first stopper (43g) connected with said repetition lever, a second stopper (43h) connected with said regulating rail member, and opposed to said first stopper, a gap between said first and second stoppers being not greater than a gap between a repetition regulating screw attached to said hammer assembly and a repetition lever skin attached to said repetition lever and opposed to said repetition regulating screw while the associated key is maintained at said rest position in said acoustic sound mode, and an actuator (43j) operative to laterally move said cam member so that one of said hill positions comes into contact with said leaf spring means in said electronic sound producing mode, said actuator allowing one of said valley portions to come into contact with said leaf spring means in said silent mode for changing the gap between said toe and said regulating button, said gap between said first and second stoppers being less than said gap between said repetition regulating screw and said repetition lever skin in said electronic sound producing mode. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 1, in which said stopper means (53a) comprises a slidable plate member (531) provided over said plurality of hammer mechanisms, a plurality of cushion members (533) attached to the lower surface of said slidable plate member at intervals substantially equal to a pitch of said plurality of hammer mechanisms, and a first driving means (53c) operative to shift said slidable plate member between said acoustic sound mode and said electronic sound producing mode by a half of said pitch, said plurality of cushion members being opposed to the hammer shanks of said plurality of hammer mechanisms in said electronically sound producing mode, gaps between said plurality of cushion members being opposed to said hammer shanks in said acoustic sound mode, said gap regulating means (53b) comprising a plurality of first bracket members (551c) stationary with respect to said stationary board member, a plurality of second bracket members (551b) angularly movable with respect to said plurality of first bracket members, a rod member (557) jounaled by a plurality of third bracket members (551a) stationary with respect to said plurality of first bracket members and fixed to said plurality of second bracket members, a regulating rail member (556) supported by said plurality of second bracket members, and hanging said regulating button of each key action mechanism, a spring means (581) inserted between said plurality of first bracket members and said plurality of second bracket members, and urging said plurality of second bracket members toward said plurality of first bracket members, a stopper means (591) provided under said regulating rail member for restricting a downward motion thereof, and a second driving means (53c) operative to pull down said regulating rail member against elastic force of said spring means in said electronic sound producing mode, said second driving means allowing said spring means to pull up said regulating rail member in said acoustic sound mode. The grand piano-like keyboard instrument as set forth in claim 7, in which a link mechanism (537/ 538/ 539/ 540/ 541; 700/ 701/ 702/ 703) serves as said first and second driving means.

Inventors: KANEKO YASUTOSHI, KAWAMURA KIYOSHI, KANEKO, YASUTOSHI, KAWAMURA, KIYOSHI, KANEKO, YASUTOSHI, C/O YAMAHA CORPORATION, KAWAMURA, KIYOSHI, C/O YAMAHA CORPORATION
Applicants: YAMAHA CORP, YAMAHA CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G10C5
IPC codes: G10C3, G10C5, G10C1