Method and device for the decoupling and/or coupling and/or keeping coupled of transport elements to a drive mechanism

Abstract: Method for the decoupling and/or coupling of transport elements to a drive mechanism, in particular a drive mechanism (2) with a mainly continuously moving drive element (3), whereby the decoupling and/or coupling is done by means of the coupling element (4) provided onto the transport element (1) which can work in conjunction with the drive mechanism (2), characterized in that the speed of the coupling element (4) is gradually reduced prior to the decoupling, gradually increased after the coupling respectively.

Description: The present invention concerns a method for coupling and decoupling transport elements to, respectively from, a mainly continuously moving drive element, said transport elements having coupling elements co-operating with said moving drive element, said method comprising urging a coupling element away from the drive element when decoupling and urging a coupling element towards the drive element when coupling. Moreover, the present invention concerns a device for performing such coupling and decoupling. In particular the invention concerns a method for the decoupling and/or coupling and/or keeping coupled of transport elements to a drive mechanism which has a mainly continuously moving drive element, such as an endless chain, whereby the decoupling and/or coupling and/or keeping coupled is done by means of a coupling element provided onto the transport element which acts onto the drive element. The invention mainly aims at distribution systems to automatically distribute goods and such in work rooms, such as shop floors, whereby the transport elements consist of trolleys which are loaded in specific places, which are subsequently coupled to the drive element and are detached at the place of destination of the drive element. In the known devices, the trolleys are coupled to the chain by means of a pin. Since the chain moves at a constant speed, this is disadvantageous in that it is rather difficult to decouple a trolley and in that the trolley jolts away as it is coupled, whereby both the coupling pin and the chain are heavily loaded. FR-A-2.318.768 dicloses a method whereby the coupling element is urged away from the drive element by means of a pivoting element. The coupling element is slowed down by means of a lever pushed under the action of springs against the coupling element. Pivoting of the pivoting element permits to couple again the coupling element to the drive elemetn. The coupling element is however not accelerated before being catched by the drive element. In the method according to US-A-3.648.618, the coupling element is also urged away with respect to the drive element by means of a pivoting element when decoupling and urged towards the drive element by another pivoting element when coupling, but the coupling element is neither slowed down when decoupling nor accelerated when coupling. In both cases the coupling element and the drive element are heavily loaded when coupling. The present invention concerns a method and device according to which the above-mentioned disadvantages are excluded. To this end, when coupling, the coupling element is urged towards the drive element with gradually increasing speed, and, when decoupling, the coupling element is urged away from the transport element with gradually decreasing speed by guiding in both cases the coupling element in an outwardly extending coupling element guide formed in a rotating guide element so that the coupling element is moved according to a trajectory different from the trajectory of the drive element and increases, respectively decreases thereby its distance from the rotation axis of the rotating guide element. The invention also concerns a device suitable for performing the above mentioned method. The invention thus concerns a device for coupling and decoupling transport elements to, respectively from, a mainly continuously moving drive element, the transporting elements having coupling elements co-operating with said moving drive element, which device comprises means for urging the coupling element towards the drive element when coupling and for urging the coupling element away from the drive element when decoupling, characterized in that said means comprise a rotating guiding element with coupling element guides formed therein extending outwards and means for urging a coupling element in one of said coupling element guides, when coupling, so that it moves towards the drive element and along a trajectory whereby the distance of the coupling element from the rotation axis of the guiding element increases as a result of which the speed of the coupling element increases until it is carried by the drive element, and in another one of said coupling element guides, when decoupling, so that it moves away from the drive element and according to a trajectory whereby the distance of the coupling element from the rotation axis of the guiding element decreases as a result of which the speed of the coupling element is reduced. In order to better explain the characteristics according to the invention, by way of example only and without being limitative in any way, the following preferred embodiment is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: figure 1 shows a top view of a device according to the invention; figure 2 shows a view to a larger scale according to arrow F2 in figure 1; figure 3 shows a section according to line III-III in figure 2; figure 4 shows a section to a larger scale according to line IV-IV in figure 1; figure 5 shows a section according to line V-V in figure 4; figures 6, 7 and 8 show sections according to lines VI-VI, VII-VII and VIII-VIII in figure 5, whereby figure 8 is drawn to a larger scale; figure 9 shows a section according to line IX-IX in figure 8; figure 10 shows the part indicated in figure 1 with F10 in greater detail; figure 11 represents a section according to line XI-XI in figure 10; figure 12 represents the shape of the plate indicated in figure 4 by F12; figure 13 shows a section to a larger scale according to line XIII-XIII in figure 1; figures 14 to 18 schematically illustrate the working of the device by means of different positions. As shown in figure 1, the invention concerns a device for the decoupling and/or coupling and/or the keeping coupled of a transport element 1, such as a trolley, to a guidance system 2, in particular to a guidance system 2 with a mainly continuously moving drive element 3, for example a chain. The drive element 3 is hereby guided according to a specific trajectory A, via the required guiding means, and is hereby driven with a constant speed by means of a drive not represented in the figures. The coupling between the transport element 1 and the guidance system 2 is done by means of a coupling element 4, such as a pin, which as represented in figures 2 and 3, is attached to the transport element 1, and which works in conjunction with the drive element 3, for example by acting onto a recess 5 provided herein. A handle may be provided on the coupling element. The drive element 3 is guided in its normal trajectory between profiles 6 and 7 or such like, in such a manner that the coupling element 4 is prevented from sliding out of the recess 5 sideways. As shown in figure 2, the coupling element 4 may be fixed in a hinged frame work 8 in which the front wheels 9 of the transport element 1 are mounted. The coupling element 4 may also be directly fixed onto the transport element 1, whereby the front wheels are made as swivel castors. The device according to the invention is special in that it has means 10 which make it possible to gradually reduce the speed of the coupling element 4 when decoupling, and to gradually increase it until it reaches the speed of the drive element 3 when coupling respectively. As shown in figures 1 and 4, the device to this aim has a recess 11 in the bottom 12 in which a rotating guiding element 13 is provided which, as will be explained below, is meant to exert a carrier force on the coupling element 4. This guiding element 13 consists in the embodiment shown of a gear wheel which can rotate around a shaft 14 and which acts onto the drive element 3 on the one hand and is thus driven by the movement of the latter, and which also provides for the guidance of the drive element 3 on the other hand. According to a particular embodiment, the rotating guiding element 13 may be driven. As shown in figure 5, the guiding element 13 is provided with several pairs of guides 15 and 16, consisting of slots in the top side of said element 13. The guides 15 and 16 mainly extend radially, which should also be understood as "oblique with regard to the radial direction". The guide 15 hereby makes it possible for the coupling element 4 to move along a direction V from the outer diameter of the guiding element 13 to the concentric, ring-shaped recess or slot 17. As shown in figure 6, the guide 15 preferably has a slanting bottom 18 which tapers radially upward towards the inside, such that the inner edge 19 thereof is situated higher than the bottom 20 of the guide 17. The guide 16 makes it possible to move the coupling element 4 back to the drive element 3 from the recess 17 according to a direction W. As shown in figure 7, the guide 16 preferably has a slanting bottom 21, which tapers radially upward however towards the outside, such that the outer edge 22 thereof is situated higher than the bottom 23 of the above-mentioned recesses 5. As shown in figure 5, the recess 17 is provided with different cooperating stops 24, which can be brought inside or outside said recess 17 and which are situated exactly next to the extension of the guides 16. Preferably, these stops 24, of which the aim will be explained further in the description, consist of countersinking elements 25 in the bottom 20 of the recess 17 which can be lifted up from the bottom 20 by means of a control element 26 schematically represented in figure 1. The shape and fixing of the elements 25 is represented in greater detail in figures 8 and 9. Each element 25 can hereby rotate around a shaft 27 which is mounted in a frame 28 which is fixed to the bottom side 29 of the rotating guiding element 13 or forms a whole with it. In rest position, the element 25 assumes a position E, whereby this is kept in said position by means of a stop mechanism 30, possibly with the help of an elastic element, such as a torsion spring 31. By exerting an upward pressure force under the element 25, this may be put in a position F as represented in figure 8 by means of dashed line. This upward pressure force may be supplied by means of the above-mentioned control element 26, which is represented in greater detail in figures 10 and 11. In the embodiment shown, this control element 26 consists of a semi-circular guide 32 which in rest position is situated under the recess 17, more in particular under a number of the elements 25. The semi-circular guide 32 consists of a plate or such which is fixed in a hinged manner with its ends in fixed mounted supports 33 and 34 and which is connected to a control element 36 by means of a lever 35, such as a pressure cylinder, as a result of which the semi-circular guide 32 can be tilted. As shown in figure 1, the semi-circular guide 32 extends at least over the quadrant where the drive element 3 and the guiding element 13 cooperate. By exciting the control element 26, the guide 32 can be raised, as represented in figure 11, as a result of which the elements 25 rotating along the latter are locally pushed upward. As shown in figures 1 and 4, two plates 37 and 38 are provided above the guide part 13, which are each provided with a number of guides described in detail hereafter. The bottom plate 37 is mounted fixed and has a shape as represented in figure 12. The plate 37 is provided with a recess 39, whose edges function as guides, 40 and 41 respectively. The recess 39 is in fact the continuation of the guide which is formed by the above-mentioned profiles 6 and 7. The guide 40 gradually recedes from the drive element 3 to above the recess 17 and then tapers back to the drive element 3. The guide 41 follows the outer side of the trajectory which is followed by the drive element 3. The top plate 38 is partly fixed, but also has a disc 42 which can rotate around the above-mentioned shaft 14 in which, as represented in figure 1, two pairs of guides 43 and 44 are provided in the shape of recesses. In the fixed part of the plate 38 are also provided slot-shaped guides 45 and 46 which are situated on top of the drive element 3, and which form the continuation of the profiles 6 and 7. By means of an engaging mechanism 47 described hereafter, the disc 42 may be brought in the continuation of the guide 45 either by means of the entry of a guide 43 or by means of a guide 44. Each of both above-mentioned guides 43 is bent and gradually tapers radially towards the inside, in such a manner that the end 48 thereof exactly comes out above the above-mentioned recess 17 of the guiding element 13. Each of both guides 44 consists of a recess of small dimensions which is provided in the circumference of the disc 42. The engaging mechanism 47 is represented in detail in figure 13. This engaging mechanism 47 mainly consists of a pawl 49 which can work in conjunction with openings 50 in the disc 42 and which can be moved over a distance D by means of a control element 51, such as a pressure cylinder, mounted on a fixed part of for example the plate 38. The pawl 49 is part of a rotatable body 52, in such a way that the pawl 49 is put in a non-active state by means of for example a lever 53 and a control element 54 acting on it, for example also a pressure cylinder. In rest position, the pawl 49 is pressed upward, for example by means of a spring 55 which exerts a force on the lever 53, and thus can act onto an opening 50. The pawl 49, the lever 53 and the control element 54 form an interlocking mechanism for the disc 42. The body 52, the lever 53, the control element 54 and the spring 55 are mounted on a slide 56 which can be moved as a whole by means of the control element 51 in guides 57. The working of the device is described hereafter by means of the above-mentioned figures and the positions represented schematically in figures 14 to 18. In a state of rest, the disc 42 is in a position as represented in figure 1. Hereby, this disc is locked against rotation because the pawl 49 acts onto one of the openings 50. In this position, the entry of one of the guides 43 is situated in the continuation of the guide 45, which has for a result that the coupling element 4 of an approaching transport element 1 ends up in said guide 43. As shown in figure 14, this results in the coupling element being pressed sideways out of the recess 5 of the drive element 3 and being forced into the guide 15 of the rotating guiding element 13. The side 58 of the guide 15 hereby exerts a pressure force on the coupling element 4, such that this moves further in the guides 15 and 43 due to the rotating movement of the guiding element 13. The coupling element 4 hereby moves along a trajectory B1, which deviates from the above-mentioned trajectory A, such that the distance to the point of rotation R of the drive element is reduced. As the guiding element 13 turns at a constant angular speed and the above-mentioned distance is reduced, the speed of the coupling element 4 in the direction of the trajectory B1 decreases, as a result of which also the speed of the transport element 1 is reduced. The coupling element 4 hereby shifts upward over the slanting bottom 18 of the guide 15. Finally, the coupling element 4 falls over the edge 19 into the more deeply situated circular slot-shaped recess 17, as represented in figure 15, with the result that no further carrier force is exerted on the coupling element 4. The transport element 1 is prevented from moving along by itself as the coupling element has reached the end 48 of the guide 43. The transport element is thus forced to a standstill after the speed thereof has been significantly reduced. The coupling procedure is represented in figures 16 and 17. The control element 26 is hereby enforced, as a result of which the semi-circular guide 32 is erected upward in a slanting manner. The piston rod of the cylinder 36 is moved, whereby the whole assumes a position as represented in figure 11. The elements 25 of figure 8, which slide along the guide 32, are pressed upward into the recess 17 by the latter against the force of their torsion spring 31. As a result, as represented in figure 16, at least one stop 24 is formed, which exerts a pressure force on the coupling element 4, as a result of which it is forced to turn along with the guiding element 13. As represented in figure 17, the coupling element 4 is than radially forced outside through the guide 16 due to its contact with the guide 40. The coupling element 4 hereby shifts upward over the slanting bottom 21 to finally drop over the edge 22 in a recess 5 of the drive element 3, in this case the chain. During this movement, the coupling element 4 follows a trajectory B2, whose distance to the point of rotation R increases. Since, however, the drive element 3 has a constant speed, the absolute velocity of the coupling element 4 hereby gradually increases until it has reached the speed of the drive element 3. In the positions represented in figures 16 and 17, the disc 42 must be able to rotate freely, such that the guide forms no obstruction for the movement of the coupling element 4 according to the above-mentioned trajectory B2. Hence, as the movement B2 starts, the pawl 49 is removed from the opening 50 by commanding the control element 54 accordingly, by means of a not represented automatically controlled switch. During the movement according to the trajectory B2, the coupling element 4 exerts an indirect force on the guide 43, as a result of which the disc 42 rotates, but at a greater angular speed than the guiding element 13. The disc 42 hereby turns over 180 degrees and is than locked again by means of the pawl 49. When the transport element must pass the device without being decoupled from the drive element 3, the entry of the recess 44 is placed in the continuation of the guide 45. This position is represented by means of a dashed line in figure 1. To this end the disc 42 is turned over a small angle by moving the slide 56 as mentioned above over a distance D and by subsequently removing the pawl 49 from the opening 50 such that the disc can rotate freely as of that moment. Consequently, the coupling element 4 acts onto the recess 44, as a result of which the disc is carried along with the movement of the coupling element 4. Since the coupling element 4 is caught between the inner wall 59 of the recess 44 and the guide 41, as represented in figure 18, it is forced to follow the trajectory A of the chain. The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described by way of example and shown in the accompanying drawings; on the contrary, such a method and device for the decoupling and/or coupling of transport elements can be made in various forms and dimensions while still remaining within the scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Claims: Method for coupling and decoupling transport elements (1) to, respectively from, a mainly continuously moving drive element (3), said transport elements (1) having coupling elements (4) co-operating with said moving drive element (3), said method comprising urging a coupling element (4) away from the drive element (3) when decoupling and urging a coupling element (4) towards the drive element (3) when coupling, characterized in that, when coupling, the coupling element (4) is urged towards the drive element (3) with gradually increasing speed, and, when decoupling, the coupling element (4) is urged away from the transport element (3) with gradually decreasing speed by guiding in both cases the coupling element (4) in an outwardly extending coupling element guide (16,15) formed in a rotating guide element (13) so that the coupling element (4) is moved according to a trajectory (B2; B1) different from the trajectory (A) of the drive element (3) and increases, respectively decreases thereby its distance from the rotation axis of the rotating guide element (13). Device for coupling and decoupling transport elements (1) to, respectively from, a mainly continuously moving drive element (3), the transporting elements (1) having coupling elements (4) co-operating with said moving drive element (3), which device comprises means (13,15,16,24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging the coupling element (4) towards the drive element (3) when coupling and for urging the coupling element (4) away from the drive element (3) when decoupling, characterized in that said means (13,15,16,24,26,38,40,43,47) comprise a rotating guiding element (13) with coupling element guides (15, 16) formed therein extending outwards and means (24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging a coupling element (4) in one of said coupling element guides (16), when coupling, so that it moves towards the drive element (3) and along a trajectory (B2) whereby the distance of the coupling element (4) from the rotation axis of the guiding element (13) increases as a result of which the speed of the coupling element (4) increases until it is carried by the drive element (3), and in another one of said coupling element guides (15), when decoupling, so that it moves away from the drive element (3) and according to a trajectory (B1) whereby the distance of the coupling element (4) from the rotation axis of the guiding element (13) decreases, as a result of which the speed of the coupling element (4) is reduced. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive element (3) consists of an endless element, provided with recesses (5) and in that the coupling element (4) consists of a vertical pin co-operating with said recesses (5). Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotating guiding element (13) is provided with a recess (17) that is co-axial with the rotation axis and in that the coupling element guides (15, 16) extend outwardly from this recess (17). Device according to claim 4, characterized in that said recess (17) in the rotating guiding element (13) is ring-shaped. Device according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the coupling element guides (15 and 16) extend oblique to a radial direction of the guiding element (13). Device according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the coupling element guide (15) through which the coupling element (4) moves when decoupling, is radially or slantingly tapered to exert a carrier force on the coupling element (4) as the decoupling takes place. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the above-mentioned guide (15) has a slanting bottom (18) which tapers radially upward towards the inside, whereby the inner edge (19) thereof is situated higher than the bottom (20) of the above mentioned recess (17). Device according to any of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the coupling element guide (16) through which the coupling element (4) moves when coupling, is radially or slantingly tapered to exert a carrier force on the coupling element (4) as the coupling takes place. Device according to claims 4 and 9, characterized in that the above mentioned guide (16) has a slanting bottom (21) which tapers radially upwards towards the outside, whereby the outer edge (22) thereof is situated higher than the bottom (23) of the recess (5) in the drive element (3). Device according to any of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the means (24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging a coupling element (4) in a coupling element guide (15 or 16), comprise a control element (26) with a semi-circular guide (32) positioned under the circular recess (17) for selectively controlling one of said coupling elements. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the means (24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging a coupling element (4) in a coupling element guide (15 or 16), comprise a retractable stop (24) extendable into the recess (17) in the rotating guiding element (13). Device according to any of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the means (24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging a coupling element (4) in a coupling element guide (15 or 16), comprise above the rotating guiding element (13) a plate (37) with a recess (39) of which one edge forms a guide (40) to force the coupling element (4) towards the drive element (3) when coupling, whereas the other edge forms a guide (41) to lead the coupling element (4) in case the transport element (1) would have to pass the device without being coupled. Device according to any of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the means (24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging a coupling element (4) in a coupling element guide (15 or 16), comprise a top plate (38) having a rotable disc (42) with at least two guides (43,44), a guide (43) for forcing the coupling element (4) in a coupling element guide (15) when decoupling and a guide (44) for forcing the coupling element (4) to follow the trajectory (A) of the drive element (3), whereby the coupling element (4) takes place in either one of the guides (43,44) due to the rotation of the disc (42). Device according to any of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that it comprises an engaging mechanism (47) which makes it possible to either decouple the transport element (1) or to keep it coupled to the drive element (3). Device according to claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the means (24,26,38,40,43,47) for urging a coupling element (4) in a coupling element guide (15 or 16), comprise said engaging mechanism (47) which comprises a pawl (49) co-operating with at least one opening (50) in the disc (42).

Inventors: VAN LIERDE CARLOS GUSTAAF ARTH, VAN LIERDE, CARLOS GUSTAAF ARTHUR
Applicants: EGEMIN ELEKT GOEDER MARINE IND, ELEKTRICITEIT VOOR GOEDERENBEHANDELING MARINE EN INDUSTRIE, IN HET VERKORT EGEMIN, NAAMLOZE VENNOOTSCHAP
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B61B10
IPC codes: B61B10