Positive rake insert having serrations for cutting

Abstract: A polygonal, indexable cutting insert having a positive rake and a cutting edge having a truncated sinusoidal form.

Description: The present invention relates to a polygonal indexable cutting insert according to the preamble of claim 1 for cutting metals which have a positive rake and a truncated sinusoidal form along the cutting edge of the insert, see EP-A 0 213494. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cutting tool having a plurality of insert pockets. Malinchak , U.S. Patent No. 3,875,631 discloses a negative rake insert having sinusoidal serrations along the entire width of the cutting edge and flanks of the insert. Being a negative rake insert, the insert provides for eight faces which may be used in cutting operations. It is contemplated that the Malinchak insert may be used in concert with other inserts of like design such that the inserts are staggered according to a formula and presented to a metal piece for cutting. Malinchak , U.S. Patent No. 3,922,766 discloses a cutting tool having a plurality of inserts. Each insert is in the form of a circular disk or cylinder having a plurality of cutting teeth disposed symmetrically around the outer periphery. The cutting members are adjusted in the holder so that each tooth progressively cuts behind the tooth ahead of it so that the peaks of one edge cover a part of the trough of another edge whereby cutters progressively cut an article. The cutters can be adjusted so that as certain teeth wear, that the cutters can be rotated to bring additional new teeth into cutting position. It is an objective of the present invention to provide a polygonal indexable cutting insert and a cutting tool as indicated above having a long tool life and working in a reliable manner. According to the present invention, this objective is solved by a cutting insert having the features of claim 1. The insert comprises a top and bottom surface which are substantially parallel to each other and separated by a sidewall running substantially unbroken therebetween to define a body. The sidewall is comprised of a plurality of side flank surfaces which are substantially planar in shape. Each side flank surface extends from corner to corner of the insert. Each side flank surface intersects the bottom surface along its edge at an obtuse angle and intersects the top surface along its edge at an acute angle so that the insert may be seen to have a positive rake profile along each side flank. The intersection of each side flank at the top surface forms a cutting edge. Each cutting edge has a plurality of equally spaced serrations formed in each side of the insert and having their center lines spaced apart from each other. Each serration is perpendicular at the top surface and intersects the side flank at a point intermediate the width of the side flank face. It is contemplated that the side flanks extend outwardly from the bottom surface toward the top at approximately 11°. The serrations are preferably sinusoidal in shape and are truncated at each crest of the sinusoidal curve below the mean line of the curve. Although the insert may be any polygonal shape, it is preferred that the insert is a regular shaped polygon and each cutting edge is identical to the others. A central aperture may he provided to secure the insert in place. Furthermore, according to the present invention the objective is solved by a cutting tool having the features of claim 8. Preferred embodiments of the invention are laid down in the related dependent claims. Hereinafter the present invention is illustrated and explained in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective top view of the insert. Figure 2 is a top plan view of the insert showing a configuration of the cutting edges. Figure 3 is a cutaway view of the insert along lines 3 as taken in Figure 2, showing the orientation of the sinusoidal curves in the side flanks of the insert. Figure 4 is a detailed view of the cutting edge of Figure 2 showing the truncated sinusoidal configuration of the cutting insert. Turning now to the drawings, wherein like numerals reference like structures, insert 10 is comprised of a top surface 12, a bottom surface 14, and a sidewall 16 extending substantially unbroken therebetween to define a body 18. The insert is polygonal in shape and is preferably a regular polygon. Each sidewall is comprised of a side flank 20 which extends from corner to corner, each designated as 22. Each side flank intersects the bottom surface at edge 24 and the top surface at edge 26. It should be noted that the present invention relates to a positive rake insert. Accordingly, the components side flanks intersect the bottom edge at an obtuse angle and intersect the top edge at some acute angle. The intersection of each side flank and the top surface forms the cutting edge 28. Each cutting edge has a plurality of equally spaced, preferably sinusoidal shaped serrations formed in each cutting edge of the insert. The center lines of the sinusoidal curves are spaced apart from each other. Each serration is situated along the cutting edge and intersects the top surface perpendicular to the surface itself and intersects the side flank at some point intermediate the top and bottom surfaces. Turning now to Figures 1 and 4, it can be seen that serrations 30 are flattened at the crest of the curve whereas the roots of the curve are intact. Thus, it can be seen that the sinusoidal curve is truncated. By this term, it is meant that the crest of the curve is flattened. Preferably, the curve is truncated below the mean line of the sinusoidal curve. It is further understood that the insert described herein is used in plurality in a cutting tool. Specifically, the inserts are arranged in rows in insert pockets. Each pocket has seating surface and side walls and the insert is fastened thereto. The next row is arranged in tool pockets so that the relationship between each row of inserts is best seen using the formula Z = Y 2 - S S is the distance between inserts in the cutting tool body; Z is the chamfer of the insert; Y is the width of the serration below the mean line of the sinusoidal curve. It is further preferred that the inserts are arranged in helical rows is in the direction of cutting. Turning now to Figure 4, the width of the serration portion "Y" is seen to differ from the width of truncated portion X. Thus, it can be seen that by truncating the sinusoidal curve below the mean line, X > Y. Similarly Z, which is the chamfer of the insert, is 0.2032mm (.008") to 0.254mm (.01") less than half the Y dimension so that when the inserts are positioned in a cutter tool body, the X dimension of an insert in an adjacent flute or row will overlap and cover the space between adjacent inserts in the next row according to the formula 2 Z + .015/.020 = Y The positive rake insert of the present invention may further be equipped with a central aperture to facilitate holding the insert in a tool pocket holder. Turning now to Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 is a top plan view of the insert. Note the central aperture 34 with counter bore 36 for fastening the insert into an insert pocket of a tool. Note that each edge 28 is identical. However, those skilled in the art recognize that the insert may be any polygonal shape and the sides need not be identical. Figure 3 is taken along lines 3-3 of Figure 2 and shows a cross section of the insert indicating the manner in which the truncated sine curve serration intersects the top surface at 90°, as shown by line 30, and the side flank at some point along the width of the side flank intermediate the top and bottom edge.

Claims: A polygonal, indexable cutting insert (10) having a positive rake, comprising: a top surface (12) and bottom surface (14) substantially parallel to each other and separated by a sidewall (16) running substantially unbroken therebetween to define a body (18), said sidewall (16) comprised of a plurality of side flank surfaces (20) which are substantially planar, each side flank surface (20) extending from corner to corner (22) of the insert body (18), each side flank surface (20) intersects the bottom surface (14) along its edge (24) at an obtuse angle and the top surface (12) along its edge (26) at an acute angle so that the insert (10) has a positive rake profile; said intersection of each side flank surface (20) and the top surface (12) forms a cutting edge (28); each said cutting edge (28) has a plurality of equally spaced serrations (30) having their center lines spaced apart from each other, characterized in that each said serration (30) is perpendicular to the top surface (12) and intersects the side flank surface (20) at the intermediate width of said side flank surface (20) and each side flank surface (20) intersects the bottom surface (14) at an obtuse angle along its entire edge (24). A cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that said serrations (30) are sinusoidal in shape. A cutting insert according to claim 2, characterized in that said sinusoidal serrations (30) are truncated below the mean line of the sinusoidal curve. A cutting insert according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insert (10) having a centrally located aperture (34) in the top surface (12) and extending through the body (18) of the insert (10), said aperture (34) is further equipped with a counterbore (36) at the top surface (12). A cutting insert according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insert (10) is shaped as a regular polygonal. A cutting insert according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the positive rake of each side flank surface (20) is approximately 11°. A cutting insert according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each corner (22) is chamfered at an angle between 45° and 90°. A cutting tool having a plurality of insert pockets, each pocket having a seating surface and side walls and means to retain the insert in the pocket, and a plurality of polygonal indexable cutting inserts (10) having a positive rake, comprising a top surface (12) and bottom surface (14) substantially parallel to each other, said bottom surface is adapted to seat on the seating surface of the tool pocket, said top and bottom surfaces (12,14) are separated by a sidewall (16) running substantially unbroken therebetween to define a body (18), said sidewall (16) is comprised of a plurality of side flank surfaces (20) which are substantially planar, each side flank surface (20) extending from corner to corner (22) of the insert body (18), each corner being chamfered, each side flank surface (20) intersects the bottom surface (14) along its entire edge (24) at an obtuse angle and the top surface (12) along its entire edge (26) at an acute angle so that the insert (10) has a positive rake profile, said intersection of each side flank surface (20) and the top surface (12) forms a cutting edge (28), each said cutting edge (28) has a plurality of equally spaced serrations (30) having their center lines spaced apart from each other, each said serration (30) is perpendicular to the top surface (12) and intersects the side flank surface (20) at the intermediate width of said side flank surface (20), and each said insert (10) is arranged in the cutting tool in helical rows and each row is spaced apart from each other according to the formula: Z = Y/2 - (S) wherein: Z is the chamfer of the insert; Y is the serration below the mean line of the curve; and S is the distance between inserts in the cutter body. A cutting tool according to claim 8, characterized in that each corner (22) of the insert (10) is chamfered at an angle between 45° and 90°. A cutting tool according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the positive rake of each side flank surface (20) is about 11°. A cutting tool according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the insert (10) includes a centrally located aperture (34) in the top surface (12) and extending through the body (18) of the insert (10), said aperture (34) is further equipped with counterbore (36) at the top surface (12). A cutting tool according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that said inserts (10) having truncated portions (X) located between said serrations (30) on said cutting edge (28) and said helical rows are shifted relative to each other along the axis of rotation of the cutting tool, wherein the serrations (30) of an insert (10) are overlapped by the truncated portions (X) of the adjacent insert with regard to the cutting direction.

Inventors: ALLAIRE PAUL, ALLAIRE, PAUL
Applicants: VALENITE INC, VALENITE INC.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B23C5
IPC codes: B23B27, B23C5