Pulverizing apparatus

Abstract: A pulverizing apparatus comprising a grinding chamber (5) formed between the inlet (11) of materials and the outlet (10) of the materials with bearings at the bottom (12), a shaft (2) supported in the bearings extending into the grinding chamber (5) and being driven by a motor (1), a conical plate (3) mounted at its apex on the shaft (2) with more than one radial blades or radial hammer plates (4) on its inner surface, a powder selector (6), an airblower (7) and an air duct (8) connecting the blower (7) with the grinding chamber (5). The air vent of said air duct (8) is located above the conical plate (3). The pulverizing apparatus merges hammer pulverization, impact pulverization and power self-grind into a whole, simultaneously finishes intermediate crush, fine crush and grinding materials, can improve the fineness, and transmits the unfinished product into a selecting system by using the high speed vortex.

Description: The invention is concerned with a pulverizing apparatus comprising the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1. Grinding ore process from raw material into product needs such several procedures as rough crush, intermediate crush, fine crush and grind. Hammer-crush machines and the impacting-crush maschines are generally used for the intermediate and fine crush. Ball mills and the roller mills are used for grinding. Threfore, various machines have to be used and the various procedures have to be taken, and a lot of grinding medium may be consumed, during the intermediate crush, fine crush and grind. A power self-grinding machine as disclosed in US 4 176 795 includes a vertical shaft mounted with a bowl-shaped rotor which is divided into sections by vertical partitions for pushing materials. Unfinished broken materials and water are in the grinding chamber. When the shaft drives the bowl-shaped rotor rotate with high speed, self-grinding of material occurs, the broken materials are mixed with water to form thick liquid and then flow into the sorting system. A pulverizer apparatus as disclosed in US 3 303 895 includes a conical plate(cone) which is mounted on a vertical shaft. There are flanges for hammering ore on the surface of the plate. Air-mouth is below the conical plate. When working, the flanges on the plated surface strick and break ore and the air-flow from air mouth blows the broken ore into the powder selector on the top of the grinder. A power self-grinder for self ginding process as disclosed in US 4 905 918 incudes the air vents, which makes a certain angle with the horizontal bottom of the chamber, to blow-up unfinished broken ore near the bottom of the chamber. The unfinished broken ore is blowed up by air-flow with high speed form air vents to realize the self-grinding. In US 3 348 779 a comminuting machine is known in which a disk being provided with radially extending vanes around its outer circumference rotates within a flat chamber about a horizontal axis. The chamber resembling to a wheel is surrounded by an air tube communicating with the interior of the chamber by nozzles being somewhat inclined against the radial direction so that the air entering the chamber has some tangential component of movement. The material to be pulverized is introduced into the chamber by a feed assembly located near the central axis of the chamber and the wheel. The material is crushed and pulverized by the vanes of the rotating wheel and is discharged through a central opening of the chamber opposite the rotating axis of the wheel. French Patent 1 554 047 describes a ball mill having a conical vessel rotating about a vertical axis and containing the balls. A stationary dom-like cover is separated from the conical vessel by a small slit and has an opening coaxial with the axis of rotation for introducing material to be milled from above. A spiral like air duct surrounds the cover and allows air to enter the interior through oblique nozzles forming a vortex which carries the fine ground particles through an outlet tube coaxially encompassing the feed tube. The object of the invention is to provide for a pulverizing apparatus, which combines the functions of hammer pulverization, impact pulverization and power self-grind in one machine which simultaneousely finishes intermediate crush, fine crush and grinding materials, and which can improve the fineness and transmits the unfinished product into selecting system by using the high speed vortex. The present invention provides a pulverizing apparatus which comprises a grinding chamber formed between the inlet of materials and the outlet of the materials with bearings at the bottom, a shaft supported in the bearings extending into the grinding chamber and being driven by a motor, a conical plate mounted at its apex on the shaft with more than one radial blades or radial hammer plates on its inner surface, a powder selector, an air-blower and an air duct connecting the blower with the grinding chamber, characterized in that the air vent of said air duct located above the conical plate. A preferred selection for the pulverizing apparatus is that said air duct is around the grinding chamber and connected with the grinding chamber through more than one air vents, wherein the angle between the center line of an air vent and the normal line at the point of the circumference of the inner wall of the grinding chamber (at which said center line passes through is an acute one. The angles are better larger than 60 degrees and as near as possible to 90 degrees. The air vents are better uniformly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the grinding chamber. In order to complete self-grind, the air-flow better goes into the grinding chamber with high speed. The speed of the air-flow is better larger than or at least near the tangent speed at the maximal circumference of the conical plate. Another preferred selection for pulverizing apparatus is that the air duct goes into the grinding chamber from the above of the conical plate, for example from the top of the the grinding chamber, the air vent of the air duct is located immediately above the conical plate and faces to the conical plate, the distance between the air vent to the top of the conical plate is not more than 1/5 of the length of the grinding chamber. To obtain the more momentum of the processed ore, and to keep the temperature not too high and to reduce the wear of the machine, it is better for the tangent speed at the maximal circumference of the conical plate to be 30-50 m/sec. To provide enough space for ore self-grind, the ratio of the grinding chamber length between the top surface of the conical plate and the inlet of material to the diameter is better greater than 1/2. To prevent the unfinished broken ore from falling down the space between the rotating conical plate and the bottom of the grinding chamber and from causing the plate to be blocked, there are more than one grooves provided along the generating line on the conical plate and there is a strike-off board in each groove, which stretches into the space between the conical plate and the bottom of the grinding chamber. The advantageous effects of the present invention are that both the conical plate with high speed strick the broken ore by the hammer plates on the conical plate and the unfinished ore obtains higher centrifugal force, and that the unfinished ore and air-flow obtain high normal speed and high tangent speed along the circumference so that the rotaing vortex with high speed is formed to realize self-grinding. Therefore, The present invention reduces and simplifiees the technological process and merges the intermediate, fine grinding and grinding ore into a whole, economizes the cost of the equipment and energy sources and improves the purity and quality of the product. In the accompanying drawings: Fig.1 is the structural diagrammatic sketch showing the pulverizing apparatus with loop air duct; Fig.2 is a cross-sectional view taken through A-A in Fig.1; Fig.3 A and B are the diagrammatic sketches showing the connection between the air vents and the grinding chamber; Fig.4 is the structural diagrammatic sketch showing the pulverizing apparatus with a central duct; Fig.5 is the top plan view of the conical plate with strike-off boards; Fig.6 is the cross-sectional view taken through B-B in Fig.5; and Fig.7 is the cross-sectional view taken through C-C in Fig.6. In order to better explain the structure and the strong points of the invention, the embodiments of the invention are described in detail and with the drawings below. The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1-motor, 2-shaft, 3-conical plate, 4-hammer plate, 5-grinding chamber, 6-powder selector, 7-air blower, 8-air duct, 9-air vent, 10-outlet, 11-inlet, 12-bottom of grinding chamber, 13-groove, 14-strike-off board, 15-space. Referring to Fig.1 and Fig.4, conical plate 3 is a centrifugal plate which can contain ore materials and rotate about the vertical shaft 2. The contour of the plate is an inverted truncated cone. A bottom is fixed at the smaller end of the conical plate. The conical plate is in the lower part of the grinding chamber and is mounted on the shaft 2 which is driven by the motor 1. There are an inlet 11 and an outlet 10 of the material, a powder selector 6, an air loop air duct 8(in Fig.1) or a central air duct 8(in Fig.4), a grinding chamber 5 formed between the bottom 12 of the grinding chamber and the powder selector 6, an air blower 7 connected with the air duct 8 and the air vents 9 of the air duct through which the high speed air can go into the grinding chamber. Referring to Fig.2, Fig.5, Fig.6, four hammer plates 4 are uniformly and circumferentially installed on the inner surface of conical plate 3, along the generating line and vertically to the inner surface of the conical plate. The hammer plates are detachable. Referring to Fig.5, Fig.6 and Fig.7, there are grooves 13 along the generating line on the conical plate and strike-off boards 14 fixed in the grooves are rectangular metal flats, one side of which are fixed to the side of groove 13 and the other side of which is half-wedge-shaped and stretches into space 15 between conical plate 3 and bottom 12 of the grinding chamber. The stretched length should ensure that strike-off board 14 does not run into bottom 12 of the grinding chamber, when conical plate 3 is rotating. When conical plate 3 rotates and pushes ore materials, the materials falling-down through the space 15 between conical plate 3 and bottom 12 of grinding chamber 5 will be pushed back to the top inner surface of conical plate 3 by the strike-off board 14 through the groove 13. Therefore, space 15 between conical plate 3 and bottom 12 of the grinding chamber will not be filled up with ore materials to cause blocking. Referring to Figs.1, Fig.2, Fig.3A andFig.3B, powder selector 6 is at the top of cylindrical grinding chamber 5. The sieved product is transmitted out through materials outlet 10. There is inlet 11 of the materials in the wall of the grinding chamber 5. The cross-section of the air vent 9 is semi-ring-shaped or rectangular, is horizontally round the outside wall of the grinding chamber 5. There are openings used for air vent in the wall of the grinding chamber 5, so that the air duct 8 can be connected with the grinding chamber 5, and the air can go into the grinding chamber 5. The angle between the center line of an air vent 8 and thee normal line at the point of the circumference of the inner wall of the grinding chamber (at which said center line passes through) is an acute one. The angle is preferably 90 degrees, so that the air-flow from air vent 9 approaches the tangent direction of the inner wall of the grinding chamber 5 so that a vortex is generated by means of the function of the inner wall. The air vents 9 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the wall of the cylindrical grinding chamber. The number of the air vents is generally 1 to 8, however, the optimal number is 6 to 8. Conical plate 3 with hammer plate 4 is in the lower part of the grinding chamber 5 and is mounted on the shaft 2. The linear speed of the conical plate at the outer edge of the plate is over 9 m/sec. The speed in the emdodiments is 30-50 m/sec. Referring to Fig.4, curved duct 8 stretches into the grinding chamber 5 from above of the grinding chamber. The air vent 9 is located immediately above conical plate 3 and faces it. When air-flow goes into grinding chamber 5 and runs into conical plate 3 with hammer plates 4, the vortex with high speed is generated. Referring to Fig.6 and Fig.7, to prevent the unfinished broken ore materials from falling down the space 15 between the rotating conical plate 3 and the bottom 12 of the grinding chamber and from causing the plate 3 to be blocked, there are more than one grooves 13 provided along the generating line on the conical plate and there is a strike-off board 14 fixed in each groove 13, which stretches into the space 15 between the conical plate 3 and the bottom 12 of the grinding chamber. The working principle of the present invention is as follows: Large pieces of raw materials transmitted into the grinding chamber through the inlet of the materials are firstly crushed by the hammer plates 4 at high speed, the broken materials fly off against the wall of the grinding chamber and are again stricken by the wall ( the intermediate and fine grinding are finished). The crushed materials are self-ground when they go up spirally in the inner wall of the grinding chamber with high kinetic energy. The speed of larger pieces of materials gradually decreases and they separate from the wall and fall under the promotion of the ascending materials from the bottom. They are stricken again and thrown off when they fall down on the surface of conical plate 3. They move in circles until they are ground into small particles. The small particles move up spirally along the wall under the driving of the vortex and the fineness is improved. The small particles driven by air-flow pass through the powder selector 6 and outlet 10 and finally go into a selecting system. The experiment demonstrates that this pulverizing apparatus provided in the invention has the function to combine intermediate crushing, fine crushing, grinding, and powder selecting into one whole, so that the processing procedure and the process flow are reduced and simplified. Particularly, the ratio of crushing to grinding is higher. Generally the lumpiness of the feed ore is 150mm, the highest can be 250mm. In contrast with it, the in-feed lumpiness for ball mills and oscillating mills is only 20-40 mm. The particle fineness of the product provided by the invention can be 60-325 Meshes (a unit describing size of powder, it implies the hole number square inch area of sifter) and the output is 1-5 tons/hr.

Claims: A pulverizing apparatus comprising: a grinding chamber (5) having a material inlet (11); a powder selector (6), having a material outlet (10), arranged on said chamber and connecting therewith; an air-blower (7) communicating with said chamber through an air duct (8), said air duct including an air vent (9) located above a conical plate (3) rotatably supported in said grinding chamber so as to produce a vortex of air within said chamber, and having a position less lower than that of said material inlet so that a grinding volume is formed above the conical plate, characterized in that said conical plate (3) has a plurality of radial blades (4) on its inner surface and in that a plurality of slots (13) are formed along the generating line on said conical plate (3) and a strike-off board (14) being fixed in each slot, which stretches into the space between said conical plate and the bottom of said grinding chamber (5) so that the materials falling down below said plate may be picked up. A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the air duct (8) is located around said grinding chamber (5) and connected therewith through more than one air vents (9), and that the angle between the center line of an air vent and the normal line at the point of the circumference of the inner wall (at which said center line passes through) of said grinding chamber is an acute angle. A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the air vents (9) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of said grinding chamber (5). A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the air duct (8) merges into the grinding chamber from above of the conical plate (3) and that the air vent (9) is located immediately above the conical plate and faces to said conical plate. A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the air vent (9) and the conical plate (3) is not more than 1/5 of the length of said grinding chamber (5). A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the speed of the air at the air vent (9) is from 30 to 50 m/sec. A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the linear speed of the conical plate (3) at the external edge is 30 to 50 m/sec. A pulverizing apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ratio of the length of the grinding chamber (5) from the top surface of the conical plate (3) to the materials inlet to the diameter of the grinding chamber is greater than 1/2.

Inventors: LIANGZHONG YU, ZIQIANG WANG, LIANGZHONG, YU, ZIQIANG, WANG
Applicants: UNIV WUHAN TECH, WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B02C13
IPC codes: B02C23, B02C19, B02C13