Method and apparatus for magnetically recording and/or reproducing

Abstract: A magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus for recording and/or reproducing desired information signals on a first helical recording track (TR DG ) composed of first recording format formed in a first effective recording width (AR DG ) on a magnetic tape (TP DG ) and also capable of at least reproducing a second helical recording track (TR AN ) composed of second recording format formed in a second effective recording width (AR AN ) which is narrower than said first effective recording width on the magnetic tape, wherein a drum diameter (d) for a drum (DR) mounting rotary heads (3A, 3B) for recording and reproducing said magnetic tape of said first recording format is selected to a bigger value than a standard drum diameter of said second recording format corresponding to said first and second effective recording widths.

Description: This invention relates to an apparatus for magnetically reproducing, and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a digital VTR capable of reproducing the recording format of an analog VTR for example. Heretofore, when a video tape recorder, is employed for recording and reproducing a new recording format in which the track length of the helical recording track is extended compared with the existing recording format, such difference in track length has been coped with by not changing the drum diameter but by changing the wrap angle of the magnetic tape on the drum. For instance, as shown in Fig. 1, in the case where a new recording format is provided by eliminating one of the longitudinal sound channels TR A1 and extending the track length of a helical recording track TR from the existing 180° switching recording format, a wrap angle of the magnetic tape TP on the drum is increased to 180° + α and thus the magnetic tape TP of new recording format can be scanned by heads of the existing drum that is, without changing the drum diameter or the position of the heads thereon. However, if as described above, if we try to cope with the increased track length by increasing the wrap angle, the reproduced signals obtained from two magnetic heads which are in opposing 180 degree relation, overlap in time. It becomes impossible to transmit such reproduced signals through a common system and it becomes necessary to have independent rotary transmitters for the drums and subsequent signal processing circuits respectively, and thus, the space factor becomes inefficient and the cost increases. Also, in the case where the wrap angle is increased as shown in Fig. 2, that is by changing the path of the magnetic tape TP wrapped around the drum at an exit from the drum DR, if the wrap angle is overly increased, there has been a problem that simple U loading of the tape is not possible in view of the reduced mechanical space between the tape runs to and from the drum. United States Patent US-A-4,510,538 discloses a helical scan video tape recorder having a rotary drum head having a smaller than standard diameter but utilising a larger wrap angle and a time base compressor so as to enable recording of standard format signals of the standard length and slant angle. In practice, in case of reproducing video signals from the magnetic tape while utilizing the drum described above, there are 525 (525/60 systems) or 625 (625/50 systems) horizontal synchronizing signals reproduced during each turn of the drum. Therefore, pulses synchronized with the reproduced horizontal synchronizing signals and pulses synchronized with the standard horizontal synchronizing signals can be counted and if there is coincidence between the numbers of pulses and horizontal synchronising signals during a full turn of the drum, it can be judged to be normal reproduction. Furthermore, if the number of reproduced horizontal synchronizing signals counted at the end of a full turn of the drum is an integer, the pulses continue as horizontal synchronizing signals, and it is possible to lock vertical synchronizing signals from the top if the skew is within ± 1/2H as the reproducing field continues further. It is possible to perform interpolation by counting pulses which are synchronized with horizontal synchronizing signals from the preceding vertical synchronizing signals when the vertical synchronizing signals can not be detected. However an attempt is made to change the drum diameter in order to solve the problem presented by a change in track length, it is not easy to perform these processes unless there is an integer relation between the number of horizontal synchronizing signals in the standard synchronizing signal system and in the different format of the reproducing system. In view of the foregoing, an object of this invention is to provide a magnetic reproducing apparatus employing rotary heads for recording and reproducing signals on a magnetic tape in accordance with a first format, and which are also capable of reproducing signals which have been recorded on a magnetic tape in accordance with a second format. Various aspects of the invention are as set out in the accompanying claims. The invention may be embodied by a magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus for recording and reproducing the desired information signals on a helical recording track which, according to a first recording format, is formed in a first effective recording width of the magnetic tape and for at least producing similar information signals recorded in a helical recording track which, according to a second recording format, is formed in a second effective recording width narrower than the first effective recording width of the magnetic tape; a drum with rotary heads mounted thereon for recording and reproducing signals on the magnetic tape according to the first recording format is provided with a bigger diameter than the standard drum diameter for the second recording format, with the ratio of the drum diameters corresponding to the ratio of the first and second effective recording widths. Moreover, in reproducing the magnetic tape recorded with the second recording format by means of the rotary heads for recording and reproducing the magnetic tape according to the first recording format, such rotary heads are made to be movable in the direction of width of the helical recording tracks in response to a suitable control signal, for example, as in the existing dynamic tracking systems. Moreover, in reproducing the magnetic tape recorded with the second recording format by means of the rotary heads intended for recording and reproducing the magnetic tape of the first recording format, the reproduced signals obtained from the rotary heads are extended in time base so that correct reproducing signals will be obtained. Furthermore, the first helical recording track has a lead angle almost equal to that of the second helical recording track and may be formed in the first effective recording width which is wider than the second effective recording width having the second helical recording track formed therein according to the second recording format, and the magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus used for recording and reproducing the prescribed information signals on the magnetic tape according to said first recording format can also be used for at least reproducing the magnetic tape of the second recording format. Furthermore, the diameter of a drum carrying a rotary head for recording and reproducing the magnetic tape of the first recording format may be bigger than a standard drum diameter of the second recording format and the time required for one full turn of the drum may be set to be an integer multiple of the horizontal synchronizing signal period of the video signals to be reproduced. Furthermore, when reproducing the magnetic tape whereon the second helical recording track composed of the second recording format is formed, the rotational rate of the drum and the running speed of the magnetic tape are set to be the same as to those used when reproducing the first helical recording track composed of the first recording format. As discussed above, since the diameter of the drum carrying rotary heads for recording and reproducing the magnetic tape of the first recording format formed within the first effective recording width of the tape is selected to be bigger than the standard drum diameter of the second recording format formed within the second effective recording width which is narrower than the first effective recording width, magnetic reproducing apparatus which are capable of at least reproducing, the magnetic tape of the second recording format can utilize the drum for recording and reproducing the prescribed information signals on the magnetic tape of the first recording format. Moreover, since the time for a full turn of the drum is set to be an integer multiple of the horizontal synchronizing signal period of video signals to be reproduced, a magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus capable at least of reproducing video signals of the magnetic tape of the second recording format can be obtained which utilizes the drum for recording and reproducing video signals on the magnetic tape of the first recording format. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the extension of a recording track by increasing the effective width of a magnetic tape employed therefor in accordance with the prior art; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the manner in which the recording track is extended in accordance with the prior art by increasing the wrap angle of the magnetic tape about the rotary drum; Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a magnetic recording and/or reproducing device; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a recording format for a digital VTR recording and/or reproducing apparatus; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a recording format for an analog VTR for comparison with the recording format in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram to which reference will be made in explaining the drum diameter of the digital VTR according to this technique is determined so as also to permit reproducing of a signal recorded with the format of Fig. 5; Figs. 7A to 7I are signal waveform charts illustrating the reproduced signals of various points in the magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of a time base extension circuit included in the magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the time base extension circuit; Figs. 10 to 10E are signal waveform charts illustrating reproduced video signals in the case where an analog VTR format is reproduced by rotary heads of the drum of a digital VTR according to one embodiment of the invention; and Figs. 11A to 11C are signal waveform charts illustrating signals reproduced normally by the drum of the analog VTR having recording format of Fig. 5. Preferred embodiments of this invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings: (1) Magnetic reproduction according to a first Embodiment: Fig. 4 generally shows a magnetic tape TP DG recorded with a recording format employed in a digital VTR and which can also reproduce a magnetic tape TP AN recorded with the conventional analog VTR recording format shown in Fig. 5.In the illustrated digital VTR recording format (Fig. 4), one of the longitudinal audio recording tracks TR A1 and TR A2 provided for recording two channels of audio in the analog VTR recording format (Fig. 5) is removed, and the remaining channel TR A2 is replaced by a cue track TR CUE by reason of the foregoing the length of each helical recording track TR DB can be extended over that portion of the tape from which the audio track TR A1 has been removed.Thus, as shown in Fig. 6, in the case of a digital VTR recording format, the effective width AR DG of the tape across which the helical recording track TR DG extends is wider than the effective track width AR AN of the tape across which the helical recording track TR AN extends in the analog VTR recording format.Further, in Fig. 6, the length between the point P1 where the magnetic head enters into contact with the tape along the digital VTR helical recording track TR DG and the separating point P2 is L', the length along the track TR DG within the effective width AR AN of the tape (that is, the distance between the points P1 and P3) is indicated at L", and the length along the analog VTR helical recording track TR AN between the magnetic head contact point P1 and the separating point P4 where the head leaves the analog VTR helical recording track TR AN is indicated at L, if the diameter of the analog VTR is d, and the drum diameter of the digital VTR is d' and further if the wrap of the tape about each drum is 180°, the drum diameter of the analog VTR can be expressed as follows: L = 1 2 πd Also, the relationship between the track lengths L and L", having a lead angle ' in the analog VTR and a lead angle " in the digital VTR may be defined in the following equation: L sin' = L" sin" L" = 1 2 π d sin' sin" On the other hand, the drum diameter d' of the digital VTR has the relation expressed in the following equation: L' = 1 2 πd' If the above equation is transformed, the ratio of drum diameters d and d' of the analog VTR and the digital VTR may be selected to be almost equal to the ratio of the lengths L" and L' as follows: L":L' = 1 2 πd sin' sin" : 1 2 πd' = πd:πd' = d:d' In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the drum diameter d' of the digital VTR, it is selected to satisfy the following equation: πd n = πd' m , in which n is 525 or 625 and m is an integral number m, or m 2 , respectively, of horizontal line intervals during a full rotation of the drum d' = m n d In order to equalize the 525/60 system and the 625/50 system, that is, the system in which there are 525 horizontal lines in each frame and 60 fields per second, and the system in which there are 625 lines in each frame and 50 fields per second, the diameter d' is selected to obtain m 1 and m 2 to satisfy the following equation: m 1 525 = m 2 625 m 1 21 = m 2 25 (m 1 , m 2 are integral numbers) In practice, the lead angle " of the digital VTR, which is 4.607°, is selected to be almost the same as the lead angle ' of the analog VTR which is 4.6°. Thus, in utilizing the same drum it is capable of recording and reproducing the magnetic tape TP DG with the digital VTR recording format it is also capable of reproducing the magnetic tape TP AN recorded with the analog VTR recording format.In this case, the drum diameter d' of the digital VTR for recording and reproducing with the digital VTR recording format is selected to have the value of, for example, 80.446 [mm], thereby considering the length of the helical recording track and synchronization of video signals to be recorded in place of the standard drum diameter 74.487 [mm] used for recording with analog VTR recording format, and thus an ill effects which may occur by increasing the wrap angle of the magnetic tape on the drum for recording or reproducing with the digital VTR format can be prevented in advance.When reproducing a signal recorded with the analog VTR recording format, the helical recording track may be scanned with the just tracking condition by conventionally utilizing a dynamic tracking head for controlling the magnetic head in the direction of the width of the helical recording track in response to a suitable control signal. However, the given drum diameter 80.446 [mm]  is the value selected considering the restoration time of the dynamic tracking head.Since the lead angle  of the helical recording track of the digital VTR recording format is selected to be almost identical with the lead angle  of the helical recording track in the analog VTR recording format, magnetic reproducing of the analog VTR recording format can be achieved using the same drum as is used for recording and reproducing in the digital VTR recording format. (2) Magnetic Reproducing Apparatus According to the First Embodiment : In practice, when, as described above, the magnetic tape TP AN recorded with the analog VTR recording format is reproduced using the drum with a drum diameter 80.446 [mm]  that is a drum having larger diameter d than the drum diameter d used in recording the tape TP AN , the time base is compressed and there are reproducing the recorded signal and signal-less part with loud FM noises being generated in this signal-less part.Thus, a magnetic reproducing apparatus 1 according to this embodiment of the invention is constituted as shown in Fig. 3 is order to suppress the noises generated in reproducing the magnetic tape TP AN of analog VTR. More specifically, RF signals RF A and RF B (Figs. 7A and 7B) reproduced from the magnetic tape TP AN by rotary heads 3A and 3B mounted on a drum 2 are amplified by reproducing amplifiers 4A and 4B and then outputted to a first switch circuit 5. Frequency modulated video signals and frequency modulated audio signals are overlap recorded on the magnetic tape TP AN .This first switch circuit 5 switches over signals RF A , RF B and combines them into a composite RF original in response to a switch pulse SW (Fig. 7C) generated by a servo circuit 6 which controls rotation of the drum 2, and the resultant composite RF signal RF AB is inputted to a second switch circuit 7.The second switch circuit 7 selectively outputs the composite RF signal RF AB depending on whether the magnetic tape TP being reproduced has the digital VTR recording format or the analog VTR recording format.In the case of reproducing a tape TP DG with the digital VTR recording format, the composite RF signal RF AB is supplied through switch circuit 7 to a digital signal reproducing circuit 8, but on the other hand, in the case of reproducing a tape TP AN with the analog VTR recording format, the composite RF signal RF AB is supplied through switch circuit 7 to a high-pass filter (HPF) 9 and a low-pass filter (LPF) 10.This high pass filter 9 extracts video RF signal RF V from the composite RF signal RF AB (Fig. 7D) and this is amplified by an amplifier 11 and simultaneously equalized and frequency characteristic corrected, whereupon, the amplified video RF signal is demodulated by a demodulator 12. The resulting video signal VD is shown in Fig. 7E to have its time base compressed and to have a large FM noise part in addition to the video part. Therefore, the video signal VD is inputted to a time base extension circuit 13 in which the time base is extended and only the video signal VD O (Fig. 7F) used at the time of recording is restored and outputted.This time base extension circuit 13 is of generally conventional construction and generates a write in clock at the timing of the reproduced video signal VD for writing the video signal in a memory and simultaneously converts the video signal VD from analog form to digital form at a rate corresponding to this clock, and reads out the video signal from this memory at the timing of an output clock generated from a correct standard signal and executes digital-to-analog conversion. Thus, the video signal VD O (Fig. 7F) is time base extended. The time base extension circuit 13, in addition to extending the time base so as to eliminate from the output the noise appearing at the signal-less parts of the reproduced signal, can simultaneously correct any jitter that may occur due to a speed error of the magnetic tape or of the rotary head.Furthermore, the low pass filter 10 extracts the audio RF signal RF A from the composite RF signal RF AB (Fig. 7G) and this is amplified by an amplifier 14 and demodulated by a demodulator 15. As shown in Fig. 7H the resulting audio signal AD is time base compressed as described above and the output of the demodulator 15 includes in addition to the audio part. Therefore, the output of the demodulator 15 is inputted to a time base extension circuit 16 and in which the time base of the audio signal AD is extended and the audio signal AD O (Fig. 7I) used in recording is restored and outputted.As shown in Fig. 8, in the embodiment described above with reference to Fig. 3 the time base extension circuit 16 converts the inputted audio signal AD into digital data in an analog-to-digital converter 20 and writes the resulting digital data in a memory 21 at the timing of a write-in clock WCK from a writing clock generating circuit 23 and whereupon, the digital data is read out at the timing of read-out clock RCK from a reading clock generating circuit 24. The digital signal read out is converted into an analog signal at a digital-to-analog converter 22 and thus the audio signal AD O which is time base extended can be obtained.Since there is no standardized synchronizing signal in the audio signal AD, where X represents the ratio of drum diameters d and d' of the drum at the time of recording and of the drum at the time of reproducing, respectively, the time base of the reproduced signal is compressed by 1/X times. Accordingly, since the time base is extended by X times in the time base extension circuit 16, if frequencies f x and f y of X'tal oscillators 23A and 24A, respectively are determined in order to satisfy the following equation, the time base extension can be performed correctly. f y f x = X By reason of the foregoing construction, when reproducing a magnetic tape recorded with the analog VTR recording format using a drum having a drum diameter corresponding to the digital VTR recording format, since the time base is extended and the part from which reproduced signals would be missing is corrected, the magnetic reproducing apparatus capable of obtaining reproduced signals corresponding to the recorded signals at the time of recording can be realized.The vertical synchronizing section of the reproduced video signal VD PB (Fig. 11A) obtained in case of normal reproduction by the analog VTR is shown in Figs. 11A to 11C as an example for the add field or field 1 in the 525/60 system. For example, the pulse PWZ (Fig. 11C) synchronized with the horizontal synchronizing signal H SYNC (Fig. 11B) which is referred to as write zero is used as the timing pulse to write-in the video signal in the memory in the time base corrector 13.The figures show that there are 525 write zero pulses per one full turn of the drum. Since the horizontal synchronizing signal H SYNC does not exist in the vertical synchronizing section, it moves freely from "a" to "b" in the figure, that is, in the interval from the last horizontal synchronizing signal H SYNC of the preceding vertical synchronizing period, and after entering the new vertical synchronizing period, it synchronizes at the 11th line.The skew occurs at the switching point. However, since the condition does not change if it is within 1/2 H, it is possible to judge whether it is the normal reproduction or not, or to define what numbered line is being scanned by counting these write zero pulses PWZ. Furthermore, it is possible to interpolate in the case where the vertical synchronizing period could not be detected due to the drop out or the like.As shown in Figs. 10A to 10E, there exists a signal-less part or noise SN in the video signal VD PB (Fig. 10A) recorded on an analog VTR and reproduced on a VTR utilizing the drum diameter for the digital VTR according to this embodiment. However, write zero pulses PWZ (Fig. 10C) are generated or run freely within such signal-less part until they are synchronized at the 11th line with the horizontal synchronizing signal H SYNC (Fig. 10B).At this point, if the write zero pulses have an integral relation to the horizontal synchronizing signal, as in Fig 10C, the same concept will be applied as in the conventional system by simply changing the count number. However, as shown in 10D and 10E, if there is not an integral relation, the write zero pulses PWZ become unstable due to the skew at the 11th line of the horizontal synchronizing signal H SYNC .Accordingly, in the case of this embodiment as described above, the drum diameter d' of the digital VTR recording format will be selected to be a value greater than the standard drum diameter 74.487 [mm]  of the analog VTR recording format and which satisfies the condition that the selected drum diameter d' causes the circumference of the drum to be an integer multiple of the distance along the track between the successive horizontal synchronizing signal video signals to be reproduced during a full turn of the drum, in addition to the conditions of equations (4) to (6) as described above, and thus the mentioned ill effects of increasing the wrap angle of the magnetic tape for the drum can be avoided in advance.According to the foregoing construction, since the drum diameter d' of the drum whereon the rotary head for recording and reproducing the magnetic tape TP DG of the digital VTR recording format is mounted is selected to be bigger than the standard drum diameter d of the analog VTR recording format, and the periodic time of a full turn is set to become an integer multiple of the periodic time of the horizontal synchronizing signal H SYNC of the video signals VD PB to be reproduced, a magnetic reproducing apparatus capable of at least reproducing the video signals of the magnetic tape TP AN of the analog VTR recording format can be obtained which utilizes the drum for recording and reproducing the video signals on the magnetic tape TP DG of the digital VTR recording format.Furthermore, according to the construction as described above, since the drum diameter d' of the digital VTR recording format when used for reproducing the analog VTR recording format is greater than the drum diameter d normally associated with the analog VTR format, the wrap angle can be selected to various values and thus, the magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus can use various systems for leading the magnetic tape on the drum. (3) Other Embodiments. The embodiment of the invention discussed above has utilized a ratio of write-in and read-out clock signals corresponding to the ratio of the drum diameter at the time of recording to the drum diameter at the time of reproducing in order to extend the time base of the audio signals. However, the write-in and read-out clock signals may be generated with a frequency ratio corresponding to the ratio of the reproduced synchronizing signal and the standard synchronizing signal contained in video signals since the audio signals are time base compressed in the same manner as the video signals. As shown in Fig. 9, in this case, the synchronizing signal of the reproduced video signal VD is detected at a synchronizing detection circuit 25 and a write-in clock (WCK) generation circuit 23 generates write-in clocks (WCK V and WCK A of the video signal VD and audio signal AD corresponding to the synchronizing signal and supplies the clocks WCK and WCKA to memories 27 and 21 respectively. Moreover, the standard synchronizing signal inputted to a synchronizing detection circuit 29 and a read-out clock (RCK) generation circuit 24 generates read-out clocks RCK V and RCK A for the video signal VD and the audio signal AD, respectively, corresponding to this synchronizing signal and supplies such clocks to the memories 27 and 21 respectively. Thus, the audio signal AD and video signal VD will be synchronized and the audio signal AD O and the video signal VD O which are more accurately time base extended can be outputted.

Claims: Apparatus selectively operable for reproducing digital information signals recorded in accordance with a first format in first tracks (TR DG ) extending obliquely across a first effective recording width (AR DG ) of a first magnetic tape (TP DG ), or for reproducing analog information signals recorded on a second magnetic tape (TP AN ) in accordance with a second format in second tracks (TR AN ) extending obliquely across a second effective recording width (AR AN ) which is narrower than said first effective recording width so that said second tracks are shorter than said first tracks, said apparatus comprising: a rotary drum (DR) around which a magnetic tape selected from said first and second magnetic tapes (TP DG , TP AN ) is wrapped to the same extent; playback head means (3A, 3B) on said drum rotatable with the latter for scanning obliquely across said first effective recording width of the selected magnetic tape wrapped to said extent round the drum so that, if the selected magnetic tape has been recorded in accordance with said first format, said playback head means reproduce said digital information signals while scanning the length of said first tracks (TR DG ), whereas, if the selected magnetic tape has been recorded in accordance with said second format, said playback head means scan beyond said second tracks (TR AN ) and thereby reproduce said analog information signals recorded in each of said second tracks followed by a period of noise; and time base extension means (16) operative when reproducing a magnetic tape recorded in accordance with said second format for expanding the duration of said analog information signals reproduced from said second tracks so as to eliminate each said period of noise. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein; said playback head means (3A, 3B) for recording and reproducing said first or second magnetic tapes (TP DG , TP AN ) are rotary heads capable of being controlled in the direction of width of said first or second tracks according to a control signal said rotary head being controlled to follow second tracks in case of reproducing said second magnetic tape bearing said second tracks. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: said rotary drum (DR) has a bigger than standard drum diameter of said second recording format and a rotation period that is an integer multiple of the horizontal synchronizing signal period of a video signal to be reproduced. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein; when reproducing said second magnetic tape (TP AN ) rotation rate of said rotary drum (DR) and the running speed of said second magnetic tape are the same as when reproducing said first magnetic tape (TP DG ).

Inventors: IDO KAZUO, KITA MIKIO, SATO ICHITARO, IDO, KAZUO, KITA, MIKIO, SATO, ICHITARO, Ido, Kazuo, c/o Sony Corporation, Kita, Mikio, c/o Sony Corporation, Sato, Ichitaro, c/o Sony Corporation
Applicants: SONY CORP, SONY CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G11B5
IPC codes: H04N5, H04N9, G11B5