Circuit for driving liquid crystal device

Abstract: In a driving circuit for a multiple gray scale liquid crystal device, the least significant half of a given image data is decoded by a sub decoder, and one interpolating voltage is selected from a plurality of interpolating voltages by a sub switch circuit in accordance with the decoded result, so that the selected interpolating voltage Vc is applied across a capacitor. Next, the most significant half of the given image data is decoded by a main decoder, and one main voltage is selected from a plurality of main voltages by a main switch circuit in accordance with the decoded result, so that the selected main voltage Vk is supplied to one terminal of the capacitor. With this, a voltage V CH at the other terminal of the capacitor becomes {Vc+Vk}. Accordingly, by selecting Vc and Vk, it is possible to generate a number of output driving voltages corresponding to a number of gray scale levels, with a reduced number of external voltage supplies and with a reduced cost.

Description: Background of the Invention Field of the invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device driving circuit, and more specifically, to a circuit for driving a liquid crystal display panel capable of displaying an image with a multiple tone level. Description of related art In general, since the liquid crystal display panel is configured to be able to display an image having different gray scale levels, a circuit for driving the liquid crystal display panel is required to generate a plurality of different driving voltages of the number corresponding to the number of gray scale levels to be displayed. Therefore, the driving circuit is configured to receive image data to be displayed, and to perform various shifting and latching processings for the received data, and then to sequentially select one driving voltage level from the plurality of driving voltage levels in accordance with a latch output, so as to supply the selected driving voltage level to the liquid crystal display panel. Here, referring to Figure 1, there is shown a block diagram of one example of a conventional liquid crystal device driving circuit. As shown in Figure 1, in the case of displaying a gray scale image in an active matrix liquid crystal display panel, the conventional liquid crystal device driving circuit has to supply a drive output voltage Vo corresponding to a required luminance, from a group of drive voltage output terminals T 1 to T k of a transistor switch circuit 3 to corresponding source lines. For this purpose, a select/drive circuit includes "k" stages of "n"-bit shift registers 15a to 15k receiving an image input data from an image data input terminal, and a corresponding number of "n"-bit latches 16a to 16k each for latching the "n"-bit data of a corresponding one of the "n"-bit shift registers 15a to 15k. A group of selector circuits 14a to 14k are driven with select signals from the latches 16a to 16k. If the group of selector circuits 14a to 14k are driven, a gate of each of output transistors Q 11 to Q mk included in the transistor switch circuit 3 is controlled, so that a driving output voltage Vo is supplied from each of the driving output terminals T 1 to T k . Namely, an "n"-bit digital image input data Vi indicative of "m" gray scale levels is supplied from the image data input terminal 7, and shifted and stored in the "n"-bit shift registers 15a to 15k in response to a clock pulse CK applied to a clock input terminal 1. In response to a latch pulse L applied to a latch pulse input terminal 2, the data stored in each of the registers is transferred to a corresponding one of the "n"-bit latches 16a to 16k. The data latched in each latch controls a corresponding one of the selector circuits 14a to 14k in such a manner that one transistor of the first output stage transistors Q 11 to Q m1 connected to the drive output terminal T 1 of the transistor switch circuit 3 is turned on, and one transistor of the "k"th output stage transistors Q 1k to Q mk connected to the drive output terminal T k is turned on. With this arrangement, voltage levels V 1 to V m corresponding to drain voltage terminals 8a to 8m of "m" gray scale levels are supplied, so that voltages of "m" gray scale levels are supplied to an external liquid crystal display. For example, assuming that the image input data Vi is composed of digital signals D 0 , D 1 , • • •, D n-1 , the voltage Vo appearing on the drive output terminal T 1 is as shown in Figure 2. Namely, if the digital signals D 0 , D 1 , • • •, D n-1 of the image input data Vi are (0, 0, • • •, 0), the transistor Q 11 connected to the output terminal T 1 is turned on, and then, the output voltage Vo is brought to V 1 . Accordingly, any one of the output transistors Q 11 to Q m1 corresponding to the digital signals D 0 , D 1 ,• • •, D n-1 of the image input data Vi is necessarily turned on. In this approach, if it is attempted to increase the number of gray scale levels, the number of gray scale voltage supplies must be correspondingly increased, and the number of switches must also be increased. Therefore, not only a peripheral circuit becomes large, but also a chip size becomes large in the case that the driving circuit is implemented on a LSI (large scaled integrated circuit). Accordingly, realizability drops. Because of this reason, a liquid crystal device driver adopting this approach, which is now put under a mass production, is on the order of 8 gray scale levels to 16 gray scale levels. For a full-color display, however, the liquid crystal display panel is going to be required to have a gray scale of 64 levels or more. Under this circumstance, in order to increase the number of gray scale levels, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 63-182695 has proposed a field division method. In this method, for example, the image is divided into a first field and a second field, and different voltages or the same voltage is generated so that the number of gray scale levels is apparently increased. In this conventional example, in a liquid crystal device driving circuit configured to select one from gray scale voltages in accordance with the image data by means of switching means similarly to the first mentioned conventional example, a "m"-bit image signal obtained by giving a difference of "1" to the most significant "m" bits of a "q"-bit image data ("q">"m") is generated by a compensation circuit. In addition, each frame of the input image signals is divided into "2 (q-m) " fields, and either the most significant "m" bits of the input image data or the "m" bits outputted from the compensation circuit is selected by a selecting means in accordance with the least significant "q-m" bits of the image data, and the selected "m" bits are supplied to the liquid crystal device driving circuit. The compensating circuit either adds "1" to the value of the "m" bits or subtracts "1" from the value of the "m" bits. In the case of addition of "1", only the output of the compensating circuit corresponding to the least significant "q-m" bits of 2 (q-m) fields of one frame is supplied to the driving circuit, and on the other hand, the most significant "m" bits of the input image data is supplied directly to the driving circuit for the remaining portion. In the case of subtracting "1" from the value of the "m" bits by the compensating circuit, only the output of the compensating circuit corresponding to the least significant "q-m" bits of 2 (q-m) fields of one frame is supplied to the driving circuit, and on the other hand, the most significant "m" bits of the input image data is supplied directly to the driving circuit for the remaining portion. With this feature, the number of gray scale levels can be apparently made to 2 q . For example, in the case of q=4 and m=3, namely, when it is intended to obtain 16 gray scale levels with switches each having eight outputs, there is obtained a relation as shown in Figure 3. In the conventional liquid crystal device driving circuit shown in Figure 1, if the number of gray scale levels is increased, low-impedance large-current-capacity, external voltage supplies of the number corresponding to the number of gray scale levels are required, and therefore, when the driving circuit is assembled in the liquid crystal display panel, the number of thick wiring conductors is increased and the liquid crystal display panel correspondingly becomes large. In addition, with increase in the number of pixels in the liquid crystal display panel, the driving circuit is required to have a further low impedance. Furthermore, if the number of gray scale levels is increased, when a buffer circuit having a low impedance and a large output capacity is implemented on the same semiconductor substrate, the chip size becomes extremely large, and therefore, the driving circuit becomes a high cost. On the other hand, the liquid crystal device driving circuit disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 63-182695 makes it possible to obtain a multiple gray scale with a reduced number of driving circuits by the field division. But, the image quality drops. Namely, when an intermediate gray scale or half tone is generated with the compensating bits, the frame period of the half tone lowers. In addition, a flicker phenomenon and/or a moving phenomenon occurs. Because of these phenomena, the image quality drops. Therefore, in order to drive the liquid crystal device with an excellent image quality, the liquid crystal device driving circuit itself has a function of supplying different output voltages of the same number as that of gray scale levels during one horizontal period. If it is so modified, the problems of the conventional liquid crystal device driving circuit shown in Figure 1 will occur. EP-A-0,282,034 discloses a D/A converter, in which two groups of bits, an upper group of bits and a lower group of bits, are respectively decoded, and thereby for each of these groups of bits a switch is turned on, respectively, to select one of a plurality of voltage for each of these two groups of bits. The selected voltages are then forwarded to respectively different capacitors, which have one node in common as an output node. EP-A-0,478,371 discloses a liquid display driver circuitry. Therein a selection signal of four bits is provided to four analog switches according to an input of two bits, which are decoded by a selector. Another selection signal of four bits is provided by another selector, which also receives an input of two bits to be decoded. EP-A-0,264,921 discloses a D/A converter, which comprises two converting means, one for converting upper four bits of an eight-bit signal and the other one for converting the lower four bits, thereby respectively converting them into an analog signal, it further comprises an attenuator for attenuating one of the two analog signals and an adder for adding them together. Summary of the Invention Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal device driving circuit which has overcome the above mentioned defect of the conventional ones. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device driving circuit of a low cost and which can operate with a reduced number of external voltage supplies in order to drive a multiple gray scale liquid crystal device. The above and other objects of the present invention are achieved in accordance with the present invention as defined in independent claim 1. The dependent claims disclose particular embodiments of the invention. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the conventional driving circuit for the multiple gray scale liquid crystal device; Figure 2 is a table showing the relation between the image input data, the driving output voltage and the switching transistors in the circuit shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a table illustrating the operation of the conventional liquid crystal device driving circuit; Figure 4 is a circuit diagram showing a portion, in detail, of a liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention; Figure 5 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention; Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of a switch circuit used in the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention; Figure 7 is diagram showing an example of the sub or interpolating voltage generating circuit used in the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention; Figure 8 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention; Figure 9 is a table showing the relation between the control signal H, the main data and the selection of the main switches Sk in the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 10 is a table showing the relation between the image data and the output voltage in the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention. Description of the Preferred embodiments Now, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Referring to Figure 4, there is shown a block diagram showing a circuit for generating a driving voltage, in a liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The shown embodiment is configured to receive image data of 8 bits (D U3 , D U2 , D U1 , D U0 , D L3 , D L2 , D L1 , D L0 ) and to generate driving voltages of 2 8 =256 gray scale levels. In addition, the most significant bit of the 8-bit image data is labelled "D U3 ", and the least significant bit of the 8-bit image data is labelled "D L0 ". For convenience of the following description, the bits "D U3 " to "D U0 " of the 8-bit image data are called a "main bit data", and the bits "D L3 " to "D L0 " of the 8-bit image data are called a "sub (interpolating) bit data". A main decoder 20 decodes the main bit data "D U3 " to "D U0 " of the 8-bit image data, and a sub decoder 21 decodes the sub bit data "D L3 " to "D L0 " of the 8-bit image data. A main switch circuit 22 includes 16 switches S k1 to S k16 , only one of which is turned on in accordance with an output of the main decoder 20. One end of these switches S k1 to S k16 are connected to main voltages V k1 to V k16 , respectively. The other end of the switches S k1 to S k16 are connected in common to a common terminal of a sample hold capacitor 23. A sub switch circuit 24 also includes 16 switches S C1 to S C16 . Only one of the switches S C1 to S C16 is selected and turned on in accordance with an output of the sub decoder 21. One end of these switches S C1 to S C16 are connected to sub voltages V C1 to V C16 , respectively. The other end of the switches S C1 to S C16 are connected in common to a charging side terminal of the sample hold capacitor 23. In addition, there is provided a switch Sg for controlling whether or not the common terminal of the sample hold capacitor 23 is connected to the ground level Vg. This switch Sg is controlled by an inverted signal of a control signal H. The inverted signal is supplied from an inverter 26. This control signal H activates the main decoder 20, and also activates the sub decoder 21 through the inverter 26. A hold output voltage on the sample hold capacitor 23 is outputted through an output amplifier 25 as a driving voltage output OUT. Referring to Figure 5, there is shown a block diagram of a multiple gray scale liquid crystal device driving circuit constituted of "m" driving voltage generating circuits of the same structure as that of the driving voltage generating circuit shown in Figure 4. In the shown embodiment, 8-bit shift registers 4 1 to 4m and 8-bit latches 5 1 to 5m are provided to corresponding to "m" driving voltage generating circuits 3 1 to 3m, respectively. Each of the shift registers 4 1 to 4m fetches the input image data by shifting the input image data by every 8 bits (D U3 to D L0 ) in synchronism to a clock signal CK, and in response to a latch pulse L, the 8-bit data of each shift register is latched in a corresponding latch 5 1 to 5m. The 8-bit latched data of the latches 5 1 to 5m are supplied to the driving voltage generating circuits 31 to 3m, respectively. Incidentally, the respective switches S C , S k and Sg can be realized by using a well known transfer gate circuit as shown in Figure 6. Namely, one N-channel transistor NMOS and a P-channel transistor PMOS are connected in parallel to each other, and a switch control signal SC is supplied to a gate of the N-channel transistor NMOS and through an inverter INV to a gate of the P-channel transistor PMOS. Thus, when the switch control signal SC is at a high level, both of the N-channel transistor NMOS and the P-channel transistor PMOS are turned on, namely, the transistor switch is turned on. When the switch control signal SC is at a low level, both of the N-channel transistor NMOS and the P-channel transistor PMOS are turned off, namely, the transistor switch is turned off. The input image data is sequentially transferred through the 8-bit shift registers 4 1 to 4m in response to the clock pulse CK. In response to the latch pulse L, the data held in the registers are transferred and latched in the 8-bit latches 5 1 to 5m, respectively. The data latched in the latches 5 1 to 5m are supplied to the driving voltage generating circuits 3 1 to 3m, respectively. Of the supplied image input data, the main data (D U3 , D U2 , D U1 , D U0 ) is inputted to the main decoder 20. When the control signal H is "0", the main decoder 20 is activated to generate a signal for selecting one of the main switches S k1 to S k16 . When the control signal H is "1", the main switches S k1 to S k16 are not selected, and on the other hand, the switch Sg is turned on and the sub (interpolating) decoder 21 is activated. A relation between the main data, the control signal H and the output of the main decoder 20 is shown in Figure 9. Of the supplied image input data, the sub (interpolating) data (D L3 , D L2 , D L1 , D L0 ) is supplied to the sub decoder 21, which selectively turn on one of the sub (interpolating) switches S C1 to S C16 . This selection is performed similarly to that performed by the main decoder 20. Further, the operation of the shown embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the timing chart of Figure 8. During a first (half) period T 1 of one horizontal period T 0 , the control signal H is brought into "0". Accordingly, by action of the sub decoder 21 which receives the sub data (D L3 , D L2 , D L1 , D L0 ) of the 8-bit image data (D U3 to D L0 ) latched one horizontal period before, a sub voltage Vc is supplied and charged through the sub switch Sc and the switch Sg to the sample hold capacitor 23. At this time, the voltage of Vg is 0 V. At this time, since the main decoder 21 is put in an inactive condition, none of the main switches S k1 to S k16 is selected. Accordingly, an input voltage V CH of the output buffer amplifier 25 becomes the sub voltage Vc selected by the sub switch Sc. During a second (half) period T 2 of the horizontal period T 0 , the control signal H is brought into "1". Accordingly, the sub decoder 21 is put in an inactive condition, and the switch Sg is turned off. On the other hand, the main decoder 20 selects one main switch Sk in accordance with the received main data (D U3 to D U0 ), so that a corresponding gray scale level voltage Vk is supplied to the common electrode of the sample hold capacitor 23. Thus, the voltage V CH of the sample hold capacitor 23 becomes (Vk+Vc), so that the output voltage obtained by adding the sub voltage Vc and the gray scale voltage Vk is outputted from the output amplifier 25. With this arrangement, the relation between the image data and the output voltage becomes as shown in Figure 10. Namely, if all the sub voltages V C1 , V C2 , • • •, V C16 are equally distributed in a range of a voltage difference between adjacent gray scale voltages V k n and V k (n+1), a voltage of 16×16=256 gray scale levels can be obtained. Since the voltage pitch of the sub voltages V C1 , V C2 , • • •, V C16 is small, it is sufficient even if the sampling period T 1 is small in comparison with one horizontal period T 0 . Accordingly, the period T 2 for greatly changing the output voltage can be made long, so that a load acting on the output amplifier can be small. Incidentally, it is possible to supply both of the sub or interpolating voltages Vc and the main or gray scale level voltages Vk from an external apparatus. Now, explanation will be made on a method of internally generating the interpolating voltages Vc, in the case that the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention is implemented on a silicon chip as a second embodiment of the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention. A circuit diagram of an interpolating voltage generating circuit is shown in Figure 7. Voltages obtained by dividing a voltage V k of an external voltage supply by 15 series-connected resistors R, are used as the sub or interpolating voltages V C1 to V C16 . In this case, it is sufficient if the voltage V k is on the order of 0.3 V to 0.4 V. Therefore, the number of terminals for external voltage supplies can be reduced without paying attention to a consumed electric power. As mentioned above, according to the present invention, an externally or internally generated interpolating voltage is sampled and held in a sample hold capacitor, and a voltage of a selected main gray scale voltage supply is added to a common terminal of the sample hold capacitor, so that the interpolating voltage is added to the gray scale voltage level. Accordingly, the gray scale number of {the number of interpolating voltages multiplied by the number of gray scale level voltages} can be obtained. Therefore, the number of switches in the driving voltage generating circuit can be reduced. For example, in order to obtain 256 gray scale levels, 256 switches were required for each output in the prior art method, but in the present invention it is sufficient if (16×2=) 32 switches are provided. Therefore, if the liquid crystal device driving circuit in accordance with the present invention is implemented on a silicon chip, the chip size can be reduced, and therefore, the cost can be also decreased. In addition, the number of wiring conductors for supplying the voltages to the liquid crystal device driving circuit and the number of their associated switches can be correspondingly reduced. The flicker phenomenon and the moving phenomenon which had occurred in the case of the multiple gray scale realized by the convention field dividing method, will not occur at all, since the 256 gray scale level voltages can be generated during each one horizontal period. Therefore, a high quality image can be displayed in the liquid crystal device.

Claims: A liquid crystal device driving circuit receiving a "m"-bit digital image signal, where "m" is an integer not less than 2, which can be divided into a first bit group (D L0 ,..., D L3 ) including the least significant bit of the digital image signal and a second bit group (D U0 , D U3 ) including the most significant bit of the digital image signal, the circuit being characterized by comprising: a capacitor means (23) constituted of a single capacitor; a first charging means (21,24) receiving said first bit group of said digital image signal and supplied with a plurality of first predetermined different voltages, (V C1 ,...V C16 ) said first charging means selecting from said plurality of first predetermined different voltages, one first predetermined voltage in accordance with the bit content of said first bit group, for supplying and charging the selected first predetermined voltage to said capacitor means; and a second charging means (20,22) receiving said second bit group of said digital image signal and supplied with a plurality of second predetermined different voltages (V K1 ,....,V K16 ), said second charging means (20,22) selecting from said plurality of second predetermined different voltages, one second predetermined voltage in accordance with the bit content of said second bit group, for additionally charging the selected second predetermined voltage to said capacitor means (23), in a superimposed manner, whereby a superimposed voltage appears on said capacitor means and is supplied as a liquid crystal device driving voltage. A liquid crystal device driving circuit claimed in Claim 1 wherein said first charging means (21,24) is constructed to charge said capacitor means (23) during a first half of each one horizontal period, and said second charging means (20,22) is constructed to charge said capacitor means during a second half of each one horizontal period. A liquid crystal device driving circuit claimed in claim 1 wherein said second predetermined different voltages (V K1,..., K16 ) are determined to interpolate between each pair of adjacent different voltages of said first predetermined different voltages (V C1,..., C16 ), wherein said fist charging means (21, 24) includes a plurality of first switiching means (S C1,..., C16 ) having their one end connected to receive said first predetermined different voltages, respectively, the other end of each of said first switching means being connected in common to one end of said capacitor means (23), and a first decoder means (21) receiving said first bit group of said image signal for controlling said first switching means so that one switching means of said first switching means is selected and turned on in accordance with the bit content of said first bit group, so as to select one first predetermined different voltage from said first predetermined different voltages and to supply the selected first predetermined different voltage to said capacitor means, and wherein said second charging means (20, 22) includes a plurality of second switching means (S K1,..., K16 ) having their one end connected to receive said second predetermined different voltages, respectively, the other end of each of said second switching means being connected in common to the other end of said capacitor means (23), and a second decoder means (20) receiving said second bit group of said image signal for controlling said second switching means so that one switching means of said second switching means is selected and turned on in accordance with the bit content of said second bit group, so as to select one second predetermined different voltage from said second predetermined different voltages and to supply and superimpose the selected second predetermined different voltage to said capacitor means (23). A liquid crystal device driving circuit claimed in Claim 3 wherein said first decoder means (21) is controlled to turn on said one selected switching means of said first switching means during a first half of each one horizontal period, and said second charging means (20,22) controlled to turn on said one selected switching means of said second switching means during a second half of each one horizontal period. A liquid crystal device driving circuit claimed in Claim 4 wherein said other end of said capacitor means (23) is grounded during said first half of each one horizontal period, and is connected to the commonly connected other end of said second switching means.

Inventors: SAITOH SEI, SAITOH, SEI, SAITOH, SEI, C/O NEC CORPORATION
Applicants: NIPPON ELECTRIC CO, NEC CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H03M1
IPC codes: H03M1, G09G3, G02F1