Picture signal processing mode control

Abstract: In a method of controlling a picture signal processing mode, first and second motion vectors are determined (ME, D T ) for first and second fields, and a picture signal processing mode control signal is obtained by comparing (D T , -, COMP-R) the first and second motion vectors, in order to determine whether the motion vectors are reliable enough to allow for a motion-compensated picture signal processing.

Description: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for controlling a picture signal processing mode. The invention further relates to a television signal receiver including such a picture signal processing mode controlling apparatus. A problem met in Improved Definition Television (IDTV) receivers is that motion-compensated picture signal processing methods are potentially very suitable to provide an improved display quality of the picture signal, but that artifacts caused by motion vector estimation errors are very disturbing. Consequently, there is a need to determine when motion vectors are reliable enough to allow for a motion-compensated picture signal processing mode, and when the motion-compensated picture signal processing mode should be switched off in view of the unreliability of the motion vectors. US-A-4,864,398 discloses a television standards converter comprising a motion analyzer for analyzing the motion between consecutive fields of an input television signal. Its Fig. 12 shows a comparator receiving motion vectors from three consecutive fields to determine some erroneous conditions and some picture content information. From the comparison it can be determined whether the motion of an object stopped, whether there has been a motion vector calculation error, or whether there exists a continuous motion. It is, inter alia , an object of the invention to provide a simple and reliable picture signal processing control. For this purpose, the invention provides a picture signal processing control as well as a receiver for television signals using such a picture signal processing control signal, as defined in the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the subclaims. The invention is based on the recognition that when a comparison of motion vectors estimated for the same spatial positions in first and second fields shows that they differ to a large extent, these vectors will not be very reliable so that it is advantageous to switch over to a non-motion-compensated processing mode. These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter. The drawing shows an embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention for determining whether the picture signal processing should be motion-compensated. More specifically, the drawing shows an embodiment of an arrangement which determines whether the motion vectors are reliable enough to allow for a motion-compensated processing mode. The picture signal is applied to the motion vector estimator ME. The motion vectors estimated by the motion vector estimator ME are applied to a length determining circuit L, which may determine the true length of the motion vectors by taking the root of the sum of the squares of horizontal and vertical components of the motion vectors, or which may simply sum these components. The output of the length determining circuit L is applied to a first summing circuit Σ 2T which determines a sum of motion vectors of two subsequent field periods. This sum is a measure of the amount of activity in the picture signal and is thus called the activity signal. The output of the first summing circuit Σ 2T is compared to an activity threshold ThA by an activity comparator COMP-A to obtain an activity enable signal. The arrangement will only switch over to the motion-compensated picture signal processing mode when the motion vectors are small enough to warrant a reasonably reliable decision, i.e . when the activity enable signal is logic zero. The output of the motion vector estimator ME is also applied to a field delay circuit DT. The difference between the input and the output of the field delay circuit DT is applied to a second summing circuit Σ T which determines the sum of the differences between the motion vectors of the present field period and the motion vectors of a previous field period for corresponding spatial positions. The output of the second summing circuit Σ T is applied to a first input of a comparator COMP-R, whose second input is coupled to the output of the first summing circuit Σ 2T through a multiplier which multiplies the activity signal by a reliability threshold ThR. It is thereby ensured that a decision that the motion vectors are not reliable enough to allow for a motion compensated picture signal processing mode is only taken if the sum of the vector length differences divided by the activity signal exceeds the reliability threshold ThR. The output of the comparator COMP-R is coupled to a reset input R of a set-reset flipflop FF. The output of the comparator COMP-R is also coupled to an inverting input of a logic AND-circuit whose other inverting input receives the activity enable signal from the comparator COMP-A. The output signal of the logic AND-circuit is only logic one if the summed vector differences are small enough and if the activity signal is below the activity threshold ThA. The output of the logic AND-circuit is coupled to the set input S of the set-reset flipflop FF. The data output D of the flipflop FF supplies a motion-compensated processing mode indication signal MC. While a hard switching between a motion-compensated picture signal processing mode and a non-motion-compensated picture signal processing mode has been described, it will be obvious that a soft switching is possible as well. In that case, the outputs of the first summing circuit Σ2T and the second summing circuit ΣT could be advantageously applied to a read-only memory for determining an attenuation factor for the motion vectors. If the summed temporal differences between the motion vectors for corresponding spatial positions were too high, the attenuation factor would be zero so that the picture signal processing would effectively be non-motion-compensated. On the other hand, if the summed temporal differences were within the normal range, the motion vectors would be applied unattenuated. When the motion vectors differences are a little out of the normal range, the motion vectors could be attenuated by, for example, halving the amplitudes of the motion vector components. By such a soft switching, switching artifacts between the two processing modes are avoided. The above description clearly shows that a simple comparison of motion vectors determined for successive fields can easily be used to determine the picture signal processing mode and, more specifically, whether the motion vectors are reliable enough to allow for a motion-compensated picture signal processing. The comparisons are preferably related to the total amount of motion in the picture, which can very simply be determined by adding the motion vector lengths of a television frame period. After a switch-off of the motion-compensated processing mode because the motion vectors appeared to vary too much in time to be reliable, the motion-compensated processing mode is preferably only reinstalled when the amount of motion during a frame period has fallen below a certain activity threshold to warrant a reliable decision.

Claims: A method of generating picture signal processing mode control signals for motion compensation (MC), the method comprising the steps of: determining (ME) first motion vectors for a first field, and second motion vectors for a successive second field; and comparing (DT,-) said first and second motion vectors estimated for same spatial positions in the first and second fields to obtain vectors differences for said spatial positions; characterized by summing (ΣT) said vector differences to obtain vector difference sum signals; determining (L, Σ2T) an amount of motion in the picture signal; and generating (COMP-R, COMP-A, AND, FF) picture signal processing mode control signals for motion compensation (MC) in dependence on the vector difference sum signals and the amount of motion in the picture signal. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said determining step comprises determining (L, Σ2T) a sum of lengths of said first and second motion vectors to obtain said amount of motion in the picture; and said generating step includes changing (COMP-A, AND, FF) said picture signal processing control mode signals (MC) only when said amount of motion in the picture has a predetermined relation (COMP-A) with an activity threshold (ThA). A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said picture signal processing mode control signals (MC) are changed to indicate a motion-compensated picture signal processing mode when said amount of motion in the picture falls (COMP-A) below said activity threshold (ThA), while said picture signal processing control signal (MC) is changed to indicate a non-motion-compensated picture signal processing mode when the vector difference sum signals exceed (COMP-R) a reliability threshold (ThR). A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the step of applying said amount of motion in the picture and said vector difference sum signals to a read-only memory for determining said picture signal processing mode control signals including an attenuation factor for attenuating said motion vectors. An apparatus for generating picture signal processing mode control signals for motion compensation, the apparatus comprising: means (ME) for determining first motion vectors for a first field, and second motion vectors for a successive second field; and means for comparing (DT,-) said first and second motion vectors estimated for same spatial positions in the first and second fields to obtain vectors differences for said spatial positions; characterized by means for summing (ΣT) said vector differences to obtain vector difference sum signals; means for determining (L, Σ2T) an amount of motion in the picture signal; and means for generating (COMP-R, COMP-A, AND, FF) picture signal processing mode control signals for motion compensation (MC) in dependence on the vector difference sum signals and the amount of motion in the picture signal. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein said determining means comprise means for determining (L, Σ2T) a sum of lengths of said first and second motion vectors to obtain said amount of motion in the picture; and said generating means include means for changing (COMP-A, AND, FF) said picture signal processing control mode signals (MC) only when said amount of motion in the picture has a predetermined relation (COMP-A) with an activity threshold (ThA). An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein said picture signal processing mode control signals (MC) are changed to indicate a motion-compensated picture signal processing mode when said amount of motion in the picture falls (COMP-A) below said activity threshold (ThA), while said picture signal processing control signal (MC) is changed to indicate a non-motion-compensated picture signal processing mode when the vector difference sum signals exceed (COMP-R) a reliability threshold (ThR). An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein said generating means comprise a read-only memory for determining said picture signal processing mode control signals including an attenuation factor for attenuating said motion vectors in dependence on said amount of motion in the picture and said vector difference sum signals. A receiver for television signals, comprising: means for receiving and decoding said television signals to obtain picture signals; means coupled to said receiving and decoding means for enhancing said picture signals; characterized in that said enhancing means include an apparatus for generating picture signal processing mode control signals as defined in claim 5.

Inventors: BIEZEN PAUL WILLEM ALBERT CORN, DE HAAN GERARD, HUIJGEN HENDRIK, OJO OLUKAYODE ANTHONY, BIEZEN, PAUL WILLEM ALBERT CORNELIS, DE HAAN, GERARD, HUIJGEN, HENDRIK, OJO, OLUKAYODE ANTHONY
Applicants: KONINKL PHILIPS ELECTRONICS NV, KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H04N5
IPC codes: H04N7, H04N5