LIQUID LIVESTOCK WASTE TREATING METHOD

Abstract: The urine of livestock is introduced into and stored in a urine collector, and the solid matter is separated as necessary from the urine to take out completely liquid excrement having urine as a main component. This liquid excrement is introduced into a treatment tank, to which various kinds of small pieces of rocks and soil humus are added to cause a bioreaction in aerating condition, whereby a humus forming reaction takes place owing to the actions of the soil humus and soil microorganisms contained in the liquid excrement as a raw material. The various kinds of small pieces of rocks added display their functions as catalysts for promoting the humus forming reaction to activate the soil microorganisms, which lead the excrement to the formation of humus, to the ultimate limit. This makes it possible to treat this liquid excrement speedily and efficiently and turn it into an odorless non-poisonous material, and also turn the liquid excrement into a concentrate of the active soil microorganisms and a metabolic product thereof and utilize the concentrate effectively as an agricultural material.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating wastes from livestock such as urine, and specifically to a waste treatment method that produces an aqueous solution containing a high density of activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic products which can be utilized as useful agricultural materials. Background of the Invention Growth in the livestock and dairy industries has made it necessary to process increasingly large quantities of animal wastes, which cause nasty and offensive odors resulting in enviromental pollutions. The offensive odors and other environmental pollution generated in barns also place practical limitations on where dairy and livestock farms can be located, for urine emits especially offensive odors and contaminates water systems. The farming industry incurs large operating costs in treating such waste on account of the large-scale facilities and complicated processing involved. Moreover, it takes a fairly long time to reduce the offensive odors caused by urine to a tolerable level. Wastes or excretions from domestic animals, such as diary cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep and the like, contain organic materials, which- when properly treated- can benefitably be reutilized for agricultural purposes. Wastes from domestic animals have traditionally been turned into compost and used as a fertilizer, but composting requires much time and labor. Effective techniques have never been developed to reuse solid wastes for fertilizer and compost. In traditional composting, solid wastes, after adjusting the water content, are cured in air for an extended period with stirring periodically. At this time, microorganisms in soil decompose this mixture into humus, thus transforming it into compost. While, this natural process has detrimental drawbacks such as requiring a long curing time and much labor. Another disadvantage is the difficulty to secure a physically and chemically stable product. Given limitations in the availability of labor, large-scale facilities and lands, traditional composting can not be applied for today's large-scale livestock and dairy farms, where large quantities of wastes are excreted day-by-day. Among various forms of animal wastes, urine is the most difficult to treat due to its high ammonia content. In fact, an effective means for treating urine has never been developed until now. The inventors of the present application have studied recycling methods for treating urine and other liquid wastes more efficiently with suppressing the emission of nasty and offensive odors to convert a material that can be reused for various agricultural purposes. First of all, the present invention has turned its attention to the characteristics of soil. Soil is a source of sustenance for plant and animal lifes, and absorbs the remains of plants and animals after they die. Wastes excreted from animals and plants, their remains, and other organic materials eventually are decomposed into inorganic compounds and synthesize humus. The problems such as puterfaction and offensive odors do not occure during the decomposition in soil. Soil that contains a large quantity of humus is generally capable of yielding large crops without the use of additional fertilizers. Moreover, humus makes toxic metallic ions and nonmetallic substances harmless, and helps to preserve the natural ecological balance while preventing the proliferation of harmful insects. In accordance with the present invention, the attention was paid on how soil breaks down organic wastes and a new method for treating wastes was developed in a facilitated manner by incorporating this natural process. Organic materials in soil synthesize humus in processes of chemical reactions, in which processes soil microorganisms play a vital role. Figure 1 shows the mechanism of producing humus. In one of the chemical reactions, microorganisms decompose organic materials into water and inorganic substances, thereby reducing their molecular weights. The resultant products of this decomposing reaction are the useless substances and further generate the offensive odors usually associated with ammonia and methane. The products are also incapable of preventing the proliferation of harmful bacteria and insects. On the other hand, soil organics can be composed of carbohydrates, lignin, and proteins from organic substances. Microorganisms consume carbohydrates and lignin as a source of energy, and in turn secrete phenolic compounds and other metabolic by-products. Soil microorganisms also obtain nutrition by decomposing proteins into amino acids and peptides. Humus is eventually synthesized through these chemical reactions. Humus -- which consists of humin, humic acid, and fulvenic acid -- has a natural purification function. The purification process quickly changes animal and plant wastes into soil humus and high-quality water, thus resulting to control the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, to prevent the decay thereof, and to eliminate offensive odors. Minerals and water exhibit an essential function for promoting the metabolic activities of the microorganisms in soil to accelerate the production of humus. The inorganic substances in soil consist mainly of the clay and minerals found in the particular area. These minerals serve as an activator for the microorganisms' metabolism. Moreover, water in soil differs in composition from ordinary "pure" water by extensively dissolving various mineral particles. The cater in soil has a favorable effect on crops and microorganisms. In summary, minerals and mineral resolved water are the essential materials or promoting the metabolic activities of soil microorganisms and producing humus from organic substances in the soil. The earth's ecosystems have been maintained over 3.5 billion years by the vital participation of microorgsnisms. Various methods to produce a plant manure from human, animal and industrial wastes have been disclosed in the prior art. JP 61-215284 and JP 56-62291 for example disclose a method of producing manure from animal excrements wherein by-products discharged from a metal melting or refining process or slag discharged from a blast furnace are added to the wastes together with specific baceteria. JP 53-122560 discloses a method of mixing animal, human and industrial wastes with a powder ground from natural minerals or rocks to produce a manure for plants. JP 36-23691 proposes to mix molasses with soil bacteria and subsequently add perlite to the mixture thereby producing a soil conditioner. A method to fertilize human and animal manure is disclosed in JP-57-209893 by adding humus soil and plant remains, adjusting the moisture to 55-70% and fermenting under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. JP 61-232287 relates to an organic manure produced from mammal excrements mixed with inorganic components and specific culture bacteria. Laid-Open-Publication of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-238887 discloses a method for producing highly cured compost on an industrial scale. According to the prior art, the compost is produced from solid organic wastes, such as animal wastes, as the starting material. In the method disclosed therein, to accelerate the production of humus, a substance for activating soil microorganisms is added to solid wastes (mainly excrement) from domestic animals. Specifically, water content in solid castes as the starting material is controlled to 60% - 70%. Then, seed compost and silicate particles derived from andesite or rhyolite are added to activate the metabolic functions of the soil microorganisms, specifically in the form of facultative anaerobes, or a mixture of facultative anaerobes and aerobic bacteria. In short, the starting material is mixed uniformly with agents that promote humus production. The mixture is stirred periodically during the curing period. By so processing, well-cured compost is obtained in a very short period of time. Further, Laied-Open-Publication of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-265286 discloses a method for converting the well-cured compost produced as described above into liquid form. That is, the well-cured compost, which is rich in soil microorganisms, is dissolved in water in the presence of granite, rhyolite, or basalt as an active ingredient. The mixture is then aerated to activate the microorganisms, thereby the obtained mixture being an aqueous solution concentrated with soil microorganisms and their metabolic by-products. The aqueous solution is then extracted from the mixture by the filteration to remove solid components, thus obtained a liquid compost which can be applied together with solid compost to farmlands or other greenery areas and may be used as a seed compost for the source of bacteria to materials to be composted. Discription of the Invention Basically, the present invention is intended to improve the working environment in barns and to eliminate various problems generally experienced on livestock and dairy farms, by the treatment of liquid wastes such as urine from domestic animals effectively with the aid of soil microorganisms, whose metabolic activities are sustained through the functions of minerals and high-quality water. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide optimal conditions in a natural bioreactor system so as to rapidly deodorize and detoxify liquid animal wastes, which is very difficult to treat by conventional methods. Another object of the present invention is to produce from liquid wastes of domestic animals, at low cost, large quantities of aqueous materials for agricultural use which contains a high concentration of soil microorganisms and their metabolic products. Yet another object of the present invention is to improve beforehand the wastes discharged from the animals, by supplying qualified drinking water for domestic animals so as to fairly reduce the operation load of the treatment equipment. To achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention relates to a method for treating liquid wastes of domestic animals, which comprises mixing the liquid wastes with soil humus, bioreacting the mixture with aeration in the presence of rocks and soil humus in order to accelerate the metabolic activities of the microorganisms, and extracting an aqueous solution containing activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic products from the mixture. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for treating liquid wastes of domestic animals which comprises raising the domestic animals used as their drinking water dissolved useful minerals from the rocks and soil microorganisms prepared by mixing in water a plurality of igneous rocks selected from andesite, basalt, granite, rhyolite, and peridotite, and soil humus with aeration, collecting liquid wastes from the domestic animals used said drinking water, and mixing in said liquid wastes a plurality of igneous rocks selected from andesite, basalt, granite, rhyolite, and periodotite, and soil humus for activating the soil microorganisms to convert into an aqueous solution containing activated microorganisms and their metabolic products. Brief Explanation of the Drawings Figure 1 is a flow diagram of reaction systems to produce humus; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for treating wastes of the first embodiment; and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for treating wastes of the second embodiment. Detailed Description of the Invention A starting material to be treated according to the present invention, is liquid wastes or excretions from livestock, such as diary cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep and the like. The liquid component in the starting material is, in the first place, separated from insoluble solid ingredients. Then, the organic substances contained in the liquid causes reactions which produce humus by means of a bioreaction in the presence of soil microorganism. Igneous rocks and soil humus are added to the liquid so as to accelerate the production of humus. Rocks to be used as catalysts of the bioreaction are andesite, basalt, granite, rhyolite, and periodotite, and must be free from excessive weathering. Preferably, two or more kinds of rocks are combined on application to render the culture medium more hospitable to soil microorganisms. Although urine discharged from domestic animals inherently contains the above useful microorganisms, in the method of the present invention, the concentration of soil microorganisms is intentionally added and increased in the bioreactor system so as to accelerate the mechanism for humus production. By causing the reaction promptly and efficiently, the organic materials consisting mainly of animal urines are, on the one hand, quickly and thoroughly decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, nitrates, nitrogen gas, and on the other hand are converted to produce humus, thereby completely removing offensive and nasty odors, exterminating harmful bacteria such as colon bacilli, and producing as the resulting product an aqueous solution that contains high concentrations of useful soil microorganisms, their metabolic products and useful minerals. By this bioreaction, at least 95% of the carbon and nitrogen are removed from the starting material. Kinds of microorganisms used in this method are not specified due to the fact that, although there are estimated to exist several hundreds of million kinds of microorganism species, an extremely small portion of which have now been classified and revealed their functions. For this reason, it can not be actually specified which particular microorganisms do concern as the catalyzer in the bioreactor of this invention. Therefore, it is impossible to identify which microorganisms are really involved in the producing humus from organic materials. Moreover, the metabolic activities of these microorganisms may either become aerobic or become anaerobic, depending on the conditions under which they are present. It is therefore right at present stage that humus must be produced as a result of total functions of various microorganisms, but there is no meaning to specify which are usefull species to produce humus. Under the just-mentioned understanding, the most important thing is to prepare the essential and fundamental conditions to promote the growth of microorganisms and production of humus in soil as much as possible. For this purpose, igneous rocks found in the earth's crust are used in the bioreactor system in order to facilitate at maximum the stimulation of the growth of microorganisms and their metabolic activities. Minerals in the rocks have the function of a catalyst for producing humus by means of the actions of these microorganisms. These minerals also can be changed to available forms for plants by the metabolism products of the microorganisms. As a result, the substance produced in accordance with the method of the present invention is turned into a material that is rich in mineral nutrients suitable for use as an agricultural fertilizer. As for the minerals, it is preferable not to use a specific rock or clay mineral having a particular metallic element. Various rocks and minerals with which the microorganisms are ever contacted over the past 3.5 billion years are to be generally used. The earth's crusts consist mainly of andesite and granite. Basalt, rhyolite, or periodotite should be used in the whole processes of the bioreactions in addition to the above two representative rocks. In the bioreactions of the present invention, soil humus and minerals are used for acceleration of the growth of the soil microorganisms. The soil humus used in the present invention is either untreated one or the substance as prepared according to the above-mentioned Laid-Open Publication of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-238887 in the form of pellets or balls. To make the bioreactions proceed smoothly and efficiently, and to improve the treatment of urine before excreted it is prefered to treat domestic animals. This can be done by conditioning the water for the drink of the animals. One approach is to mix the water in suitable proportions in a tank with soil humus and the above-described rocks, and to aerate this mixture. Another approach is to mix the water with a small amount of the liquid compost prepared by the method disclosed by Laid-Open-Publication of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-265286. The drinking water is processed in such a way as to contain useful minerals and soil microorganisms. Such drinking water promotes the health of the domestic animals, improves the environment around barns, and reduces offensive odors emitted from their wastes, while further reducing the concentration of colon bacilli and other toxic bacteria. Thus, the pretreatment of drinking water can reduce the load of treatment required for wastes discharged from the animals and improve the quality of the treated liquid effluent, especially when such effluent is to be used as agricaltural purposes. The method of the present invention for treating liquid animal wastes is now described in detail. Excretions from livestock or domestic animals are stored in a reservoir. A liquid component is extracted by the filtration therefrom to remove solid components, where necessary. The liquid wastes are then introduced into a reaction tank to which rocks and soil humus have been added to cause bioreactions with an appropriate aeration. The purpose of the bioreaction is to change the organic substances in the wastes into humus and is caused by the presence of microorganisms in the soil humus and liquid wastes. The rocks are added as a catalyzer to the tank to promote the bioreactions, and aeration helps to create optimal conditions for the proliferation of the microorganisms. Although one treatment tank is sufficient to accomplish the reactions, it would be better to use two or more tanks to improve the treatment efficiency and to accelerate the reaction, by shifting the supernatant liquid one tank to another depending upon the developments of the reactions. A certain quantity of the supernatant liquid from the final treatment tank is stored to the product tank as a final product in the form of an aqueous solution. A part of the supernatant can be recycled back to the first treatment tank, thus accelerating the reactions in the first tank. In the course of the bioreactions, the soil microorganisms are prolificated by the undecomposed organic nutrients in the starting material and the organic nutrients are decomposed in part into carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, which are released from the system. The microorganisms also convert the remaining materials into humus through their metabolic activities. After the organic materials in the starting material have been completely decomposed, the aqueous solution becomes odorless and glossy light brown in color. By the above-mentioned processes, urine-based animal wastes, which are difficult to treat by conventional methods, can be recycled to a useful agricultural liquid material which contains a high proportion of activated soil microorganisms, humus and their metabolic by-products, and resolved minerals from the rocks. No offensive odors or other pollutants are emitted during the course of the reactions. When applied to agricultural or other lands, this liquid improves soil conditions and accelerates crop growth. The liquid can serve as a seed liquid to promote the fermentation of compost, and can also be used to cure livestock feed. This liquid can also be used for the prevention of the decay of organic wastes and as a deodrant for daily wastes. Another application of this liquid is to supplement drinking water for animals. Finally, because the liquid product contains oxidized or condensed phenolic organics, it can be used as an bactericide and insecticide to prevent the proliferation of harmful insects. Example 1 Illustrated in Figure 2 is an apparatus for processing liquid wastes discharged from dairy cattle. Reference number 1 denotes barn in which diary cattle is raised, 2 a urine reservoir, 3 a treating equipment, wherein the treating equipment 3 has four urin treating tanks 3a to 3d. Further, 4 is a drinking water treatment apparatus which has two drinking watertanks 4a and 4b. 5 is a reservoier tank. Of the urin treating tanks 3a to 3d, in the first tank 3a is provided pelletized soil humus 6 and crushed igneous rocks 7. While, in the second to fourth tanks 3b to 3d, are provided only crushed igneous rocks 7, but not necessary the pelletized soil humus. Each of the urine treatment tanks 3a through 3d can be aerated by means of aeration pipes 9a to 9d which are connected to an aeration unit 8. Also, pelletized soil humus 10 and crushed igneous rocks 11 are provided in the drinking water tanks 4a and 4b similar to the urine treatment tank 3a. The wastewater including urine and cleaning water for the barn 1 is sent by a conveyor from the barn 1 to the urine reservoir 2 installed adjacent to the barn 1. The wastewater as the starting material pumped up from the urine reservoir 2 for sending to the first tank 3a. In the first tank 3a, the wastewater is aerated by means of the aeration unit 8 to cause the bioreactions during approximately 120 hours. Since the first tank 3a holds pelletized soil humus 6 and crushed igneous rock 7, bioreaction is brought about in an accelerated manner in the starting material of the wastewater by the functions of humus and other useful minerals derived from pelletized soil humus 6 and crushed igneous rocks 7, thus decreasing offencive and nasty odors promptly. Although the optimal ratio varies depending upon to the urine content in the starting material, approximately 10 kg of humus and 500 kg of rock should be added for the tank 3a having a capacity of 8,000 liters for the acceleration of the reaction. After the bioreaction is progressed to a considerable degree in the first tank 3a, the supernatant liquor is sent to the second tank 3b wherein the bioreaction being proceeded for 120 hours. In similar fashion, the supernatant liquor is sent to the third tank 3c and to the fourth tanks 3d in order. The bioreaction is allowed to proceed for 120 hours in each of these tanks. The supernatant liquid in the fourth tank 3d is taken out as the final liquid product to the reservoier tank 5. The thus obtained liquid is an odorless and glossy brown aqueous solution which is rich in activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic by-products. The aqueous solution is free of ammonia, nitrous compounds, and colon bacilli. A part of the solution can be recycled from the fourth tank 3d back to the first tank 3a, thereby improving the efficiency of the bioreaction. When the drinking water is used as a mixture of water and the aqueous solution in the drinking water tanks 4a and 4b pretreated with soil microorganisms and minerals, the diary cattle discharges urine which contains a high concentration of soil microorganisms and minerals. By doing so, the offensive odors and the treatment load are further eliminated. The results of microorganisms and chemical analysis of the liquid obtained from the treatment of urine discharged from Holstein cattle are shown in Table 1 and 2. Table 1 gives the number of bacteria species changed stage by stage in the treatment process to produce the aqueous solution containing high proportions of activated microorganisms and their metabolic by-products. Table 2 gives the chemical analysis results at each stage. bacteria species starting liquid intermediate tanks final tanks facultative anaerobes 0 0 0 wild yeast fungi 3.8x10 3 7.0x10 3 1.9x10 3 filamentous fungi 1.7x10 2 7.0 0 Actinomyces 8.0x10 5 2.9x10 5 1.6x10 8 colon bacilli 0 0 0 (Note) Unit: Number of bacteria / ml Culture Media Used Facultative Anaerobes: GYP Agar Wild Yeast Fungi: YM Agar Filamentous Fungi: PD Agar Actinomyces: Wackman Agar Colon Bacilli: Denkisyfleet Agar pH T'N P 2 O 5 K 2 O starting liquid 8.31 0.679% 0.057% 1.355% intermediate tanks 8.33 0.023% 0.12% 0.313% final tank 8.29 0.009% 0.000% 0.243% As apparent from the tables, the concentration of Actinomyces at the final tank was very high of 10 8 /ml, and nitrogen treatment efficiency was nearly 100%. Example 2 Figure 3 illustrates a construction such that urine discharged from pigs raised in a swinery is processed. In Figure 3, 20 denotes a swinery barn in which the pigs are raised, a waste pit 21 is provided in the swinery barn 20. The wastewater, mainly consisting of urine discharged from the pigs, is sent to a waste reservoir 22. The wastewater is further passed through a filter 23 for separating the solid and liquid components of the waste sent from the reservoir 22, and then supplying a pond 24 for storing urine to be treated. The solid component of the wastes removed by the filter 23 is sent to the compost-producing system. The liquid component, consisting mainly of urine, is sent to a urine treatment system 25 to convert into an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of activated microorganisms and their metabolic by-products. The treatment system 25 has three treating tanks 25a through 25c. The first tank 25a is provided with pelletized soil humus 26 and crushed igneous rocks 27. The second and third tanks 25b and 25c has crushed igneous rocks 27 only. Each of the treating tanks 25a through 25c is aerated by means of aeration pipes 29a to 29c connected to the aeration unit 28. The effluent from the third tanks 25c is sent as the final product to the storage tank 30. Part of the liquid held in the storage tank 30 is recycled back to the first tank 25a. Tap water supplied to the swinery barn 20 as drinking water is pretreated in the drinking water treatment tank 30 which contains pelletized soil humus and crushed igneous rocks. The thus constructed system, as similar to the Example 1, facilitates to remove offensive odor in a short time and to convert urine-based wastes into an aqueous solution rich in activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic by-products. The aqueous solution in each system described in Examples 1 and 2 promotes the growth of crops and improves soil when being spreaded over farmland and other land with vegetation. Moreover, drinking water for domestic animals is improved by mixing of the liquid, thereby reducing offensive odor emitted from the urine itself. When sprayed the aqueous solution diluted by water in a barn, the working environment of the barn is much improved and offensive odors can be eliminated considerably. Other advantages of the solution are, such as for example, it prevents mammillitis when sprayed over the nipples of diary cattle immediately after milking and it curtails the proliferation of harmful insects and miscellaneous bacteria. In addition, it accelerates the curing of compost from solid wastes when sprayed or added by other suitable means. These benefits can be directly attributed to the solution's high concentration of activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic by-products.

Claims: A method for treating liquid wastes of domestic animals which comprises mixing the liquid wastes with soil humus, bioreacting the mixture with aeration in the presence of rocks and soil humus in order to accelerate the metabolic activities of the microorganisms and extracting a liquid component containing activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic products from the mixture. A method for treating liquid wastes of domestic animals according to claim 1 which comprises raising the domestic animals with drinking water containing dissolved minerals from rocks and soil microorganisms, prepared by mixing in water plurality of igneous rocks selected from andesite, basalt, granite, rhyolite and peridotite and soil with aeration, collecting liquid wastes from these animals, mixing said wastes with a plurality of igneous rocks selected from andesite, basalt, granite, rhyolite and peridotite and soil humus for activating the soil microorganisms to convert into an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of activated microorganisms and their metabolic by-products. A method for treating liquid wastes of domestic animals as claimed in claim 2 wherein said drinking water consists of water and an aqueous solution of a high concentration of activated microorganisms and their metabolic products produced by bioreacting urine-based excretions from domestic animals in the presence of humus and rocks. A method for treating liquid wastes of domestic animals according to claim 2, wherein said aqueous solution is sprayed in a barn in which domestic animals are raised. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an apparatus comprising at least one waste-water treatment tank which contans soil humus and rocks is used.

Inventors: AKITA TADAHIKO, SHIINA MORIO, AKITA, TADAHIKO, SHIINA, MORIO
Applicants: AKITA TADAHIKO, SHIINA MORIO, AKITA, TADAHIKO, SHIINA, MORIO
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C05F3
IPC codes: C09K17, A01N61, A23K1, A61F13, C05F17, C05G5, C05G3, A01C3, C05G1, C09K101, C05F3