NEEDLE PROTECTIVE DEVICE

Abstract: A needle protective device has a tubular member (14) with an end cap (16). One end (12) of the member (10) engages on needle hub (22), and the other end has a cap (16) with an opening (34). The tubular member is flexible and has cut-outs (18) in its wall. Normally the needle (26) is directed away from the opening (34) so that the needle tip is enclosed by the cap (16). To use the needle, the end cap (16) is displaced to bring the needle alongside guide ribs (38) and the tubular member (14) compressed axially to expose the needle (26) through the opening (34).

Description: NEEDLE PROTESTIVE DEVICE BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION This invention relates to a protective device for a needle of a syringe, catheter or similar medical appliance for human or animal use. Various protective devices of this kind are known for an elongate needle of the aforementioned kind having a base at one end and a point at an opposing end, which devices include a blocking surface end means which extends from the base and which supports the blocking surface, the blocking surface having a hole and being movable at least towards the base to allow the needle to extend through the hole. However these have generally suffered from the disadvantages of being relatively expensive in a field where low cost is of the greatest priority due to the large volume required. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel inexpensive and effective protective device of the kind described. The invention provides a needle protective device which includes a tubular member which is made from a resilient flexible material and which has a first end which is engageable with a hub of a needle, a second end, an end cap which is attached to the second end and which is made from a relatively hard material, the end cap SUBSTITUTESHEET having a blocking surface in which is formed a hole through which a point of the needle can pass, and a generally tubular section between the first end and the second end, having disposed about its circumference a plurality of axial cut outs in the wall of the tubular member extending over a greater portion of its length. There may be more but there are preferably two axial cut outs which are more preferably diametrically opposed to each other. The cut outs may be in the form of slots but in a preferred embodiment are in the form of slits. According to a further preferred feature of the invention the slits terminate at either end in round holes. These holes are advantageous in that they prevent the slits from tearing. While not essential it is preferred that at least one gripping means is provided on the exterior of the tubular member. The provision of the gripping means enables the tubular member to be gripped for stretching over the needle hub and the end cap during assembly. The gripping means may take various forms. In one form, the gripping means consists of a flange on the tubular member at or adjacent each end. In another form the gripping means includes a plurality of formations disposed about the circumference of the SUBSTITUTESHEET tubular member. These formations may be in the form of lugs or alternatively in the form of ribs extending over at least a substantial portion of the length of the tubular member. When the gripping means is in rib form it serves a further purpose of stiffening the tubular member. In addition the tubular member may have protruding laterally therefrom at or adjacent each end a registration tab. This tab is used to locate and orientate the end cap in the vibrating bowls used to feed the end caps during an automated process for assembling them onto the tubular members. The end cap may include a chamber which is open at one end which is attached to the said second end of the tubular member, the blocking surface being located at an opposing end of the chamber, with a passage being formed inside the chamber leading to the opening. The end cap may internally also be provided with one or more formations adapted to guide the needle point to the mouth of the passage when the needle is displaced sideways within the end cap. The tubular member may be made from a transparent material but could alternatively be made from an opaque coloured material. SUBSTITUTE SHEET The end cap is preferably made from a transparent material so that at least the point of the needle is visible. The tubular member is preferably made from silicone rubber. It has been found that the tubular member can be made in a normal rubber injection moulding process using medical grade liquid silicone rubber. The silicone rubber preferably has a Shore hardness of approximately 30 - 80. Less preferably the tubular member can be made from thermoplastic rubber or thin walled rubber. The tubular member may be injection moulded or extruded, with an extrusion process being preferred because of its cost effectiveness. The end cap is preferably made in a plastic injection moulding process using medical grade clear polystyrene. This ensures transparency compared for example to the use of polyethylene which results in a r-ilky or cloudy product. The passage in the end cap is preferably offset so that a wall of the passage and the blocking surface create a recessed formation which receives the needle point. The passage is preferably flared and increases in cross sectional SUBSTITUTESHEET dimensions from its end inside the chamber to the opening at the blocking surface. This minimizes the likelihood that the point of the needle can become snagged on the wall of the passage and, in turn, reduces the likelihood that the point of the needle can thereby become damaged. The silicone rubber used in the tubular member can withstand gamma or other radiation for sterilization purposes. The rubber is also stable up to a temperature of at least 200 deg.C and is ultraviolet resistant to a substantial extent. The tubular member is preferably frictionally engaged with a hub of the needle at the first end and is frictionally engageable with the end cap at the second end. The end cap may include an external flange which assists in correctly locating the second end of the tubular member on the end cap. The rim or flange also reinforces the chamber. The end cap preferably has a relatively substantial axial dimension i.e. in the axial direction of the needle. Consequently when the tubular member is fully compressed a fairly substantial portion of the length of the needle is inside the tubular member. This acts as a safety feature for, if the needle does break while an injection is being given, it will in all probability break, not at the hub of the needle but inside the SUBSTITUTE SHEET chamber. The needle will therefore be easier to extricate from a patient. According to a still further feature of the invention the tubular member has internally between its ends areas of weakness which predispose the tubular member to bow laterally outwardly on axial compression. These areas of weakness may suitably be provided by notches in the edges of the slits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example preferred embodiments of the invention:- Figure 1 is a plan view of a needle protective device and needle assembly according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the tubular member of Figure 1, Figures 3 and 4 are similar views of further embodiments of the tubular member, Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of an end cap, and Figure 6 is a section along the line 6-6 of Figure 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates a needle protective device 10 according to the invention, and a needle assembly 12. The needle protective device includes a tubular member 14 and an end cap 16. SUBSTITUTESHEET The tubular me ber 14 is made either from medical grade liquid or standard silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 30 to 80 in an injection moulding or extrusion process. The silicone rubber is preferably transparent, but may be colour coded to indicate needle dimensions. Standard silicone rubber (i.e. in paste form) can be used for the extrusion process, whereas liquid silicone rubber can be used for both the extrusion and injection moulding process. The tubular member 14 is in the form of a cylinder of substantially constant cross section having axially extending slits 18 therein. The slits 18 terminate at either end in round holes 20 to prevent the slits 18 from tearing. The needle assembly 12 is conventional and includes a hub 22 with an end rim 24 and an elongate steel needle 26 extending from the hub. The end cap 16 is injection moulded from medical grade clear polystyrene. As more clearly shown in Figures 5 and 6 the end cap 16 defines an inner chamber 28, a sloping blocking surface 30 and a flared passage 32 which extends to an opening 34 in the blocking surface 30. A flange 36 extends around an outer surface of the chamber 28. The flared passage 32 minimises the likelihood of the needle point snagging on the passage walls. Snagging can be even further minimised by providing a cut-away 37 in the wall of the passage 32. The inner wall of the chamber 28 SUBSTITUTESHEET is also formed with one or more guide ribs 38 which serve to guide the needle point into alignment with the mouth 40 of the flared passage 32, when the needle point is displaced sidewardly. The ribs 38 may also diverge rearwardly away from each other to facilitate guidance of the needle point. The liquid silicone tubular member is frictionally engaged with the hub of the needle 26 and with the end cap, by stretching the ends of the tubular member 14 over the hub and end cap. It will be noted with reference to Figure 1 that the positioning of the end of the tubular member 14 on the needle hub 22 is skewed relative to the longitudinal axis of the hub 22, so that the needle will normally be disposed to lie adjacent the wall of the chamber 28 opposite to the location of the flared passage 32. The sloping blocking surface 30 is provided to facilitate the administering of an intravenous injection where the needle is required to enter the patient at an angle. For intravenous injection needles the tubular member 14 can be mounted on the needle hub 12 in such a way that the bevel on the needle point slopes in the same direction as the sloping blocking surface 30. Thus the operator simply by placing the sloping blocking surface 30 on the patients skin will know that the bevel of the needle is in the correct disposition relative to the patients skin. It is not necessary to visually inspect the needle SUBSTITUTESHEET point itself to ensure this result. The wall 42 of the passage 32 and the sloping blocking surface 30 define a safety chamber 44 for the point of the needle. It will be noted that the point of the needle is in alignment with the rear end of the wall 42 of the passage and thus by displacing the safety chamber 44 to one side, the needle can be aligned with the passage 32 for the injection procedure. The tubular member 14 has a section of circumferentially disposed axial ribs 46 extend over it length. The ribs 46 enable the tubular member to be gripped at its ends when such ends are to be stretched over the needle hub and the end cap during assembly. These ribs 46 are particularly useful in an automated assembly process when they can be releasably engaged with suitable mechanical devices such as clamps to facilitate the required stretching of the tubular member. The ribs 46 also serve to stiffen the tubular member 14. The ribs 46 can be moulded onto the tubular member 14 in an injection moulding process, but most conveniently can be formed in an extrusion moulding process which is the more cost effective of the two processes. A tab 48 can be formed on the flange 36 to assist in orientation and location of the end cap 16 in the vibrating feed bowls used in SUBSTITUTE SHEET an automated assembly process for fitting the tubular member onto the end cap and needle hub. Finally it will be seen that along the edges of the axial slits 18 in the tubular member 14, notches 50 are provided. These notches 50 ensure that when the tubular member 14 is axially compressed it will be disposed to bow outwardly enabling the end cap 16 to be retracted until it encounters the needle hub 22. Figure 3 shows an injection moulded tubular member 14 with gripping means in the form of a radial flange 52 at either end. Figure 4 shows a tubular member 14 formed in an injection moulding process. Here the ribs 46 can be replaced by circumferentially disposed lugs 54 adjacent either end of the tubular member. In use, the needle 26 being normally disposed in the position shown in Figure 1 lies opposite the blocking surface 30 and therefore it is virtually impossible for the needle to inadvertently enter the flared passage 32. When it is desired to extend the needle 26 through the passage 32, the safety chamber 44 is displaced sideways bringing the needle 26 in contact with one of the guide ribs 38 which automatically guides the needle point into alignment with flared passage 32. SUBSTITUTE SHEET In order to administer an injection, with the needle hub 22 fitted to the nozzle of a syringe, the needle is aligned with the passage 32 and the tubular member 14 is axially compressed to extend the needle through the passage 32. With the needle thus exposed the point of the needle is inserted into the patients skin and the tubular member 14 released to resile forward until the blocking surface 30 lies against the skin of the patient. At the end of the injection procedure as the needle is withdrawn from the patient the tubular member 14 axially expands causing the needle to be retracted through the passage 32 into the tubular member 14 with the needle point opposite the blocking surface 30. The present invention is not limited to the precise constructional details described and many variations in detail are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims: CLAIHS : 1. A needle protective device including a tubular member which is made from a resilient flexible material and which has a first end which is engageable with a hub of a needle, a second end, an end cap which is attached to the second end and which is made from a relatively hard material, the end cap having a blocking surface in which is formed a hole through which a point of the needle can pass, and a generally tubular section between the first end and the second end, having disposed about its circumference a plurality of axial cut outs in the wall of the tubular member extending over a greater portion of its length. 2. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 1, having two axial cut outs. 3. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 2, in which the cut outs are diametrically opposed to each other. 4. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the axial cut outs are in the form of slits. 5. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 4 in which the slits terminate at either end in round holes. 6. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, including at least one gripping means on the exterior of the tubular member. 7. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 6 in which the gripping means includes a flange at or adjacent at least one of the ends of the tubular member. 8. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 6 in which the gripping means includes a plurality of lugs disposed about the circumference of the tubular member. 9. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 6 in which the gripping means includes one or more ribs extending over at least a substantial portion of the length of the tubular member. 10. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, further including a registration tab protruding laterally from the end cap. 11. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the end cap includes a chamber which is open at one end which is attached to the said second end of the tubular member, the blocking surface being located SUBSTITUTE SHEET at an opposing end of the chamber, with a passage being formed inside the chamber leading to the opening. 12. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 11 in which the end cap internally is provided with one or more formations adapted to guide a needle point to the mouth of the passage when the needle is displaced sideways within the end cap. 13. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 11 or 12 in which the passage flares outwardly from the mouth to the . opening. 14. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13 in which the passage in the end cap is off set, the wall of the passage and the blocking surface being adapted to create a recessed formation for receiving the needle point. 15. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 14 in which the outer wall of the passage is provided with a cut away extending rearwardly from the blocking surface. 16. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15 in which the end cap has an external flange. 17. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of the SUBSTITUTE SHEET preceding claims in which means are provided on the tubular member to predispose the tubular member to bow outwardly on axial compression. 18. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 17 in which the predisposing means include notches in the edges of the slits. 19. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 18 in which the notches are provided substantially mid way between the ends of the axial slits 20. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the tubular member is made of a transparent material. 21. A needle protective device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the end cap is made of a transparent material. 22. A needle protective device as claimed in claim 1 substantially as herein before described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 or Figure 3 or Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings. 23. A needle protective device and needle assembly combination SUBSTITUTE SHEET comprising a needle assembly including a hub and a needle projecting from the hub, and a needle protective device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims engaged with the hub. 24. A combination as claimed in claim 23 in which the first end of the tubular member frictionally engages the needle hub. 25. A combination as claimed in cla.im 23 or 24 in which the needle point is normally disposed opposite the blocking surface. 26. A combination as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 25 in which the needle is skewed relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member. 27. A combination as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 26 in which the tubular member is mounted on the needle hub so that the longitudinal axis of the tubular member is skewed relative to the longitudinal axis of the hub. 28. A combination as claimed in any one of claims 22 to 25 in which the needle has a bevel at the forward end and the blocking surface of the end cap slopes in the same direction as the bevel. SUBSTITUTE SHEET 29. A needle assembly, needle protective device combination as claimed in claim 23, substantially as herein before described with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 and Figure 3 or Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings. SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Inventors: STEYN RICARDO SHEATH OXFORD, STEYN, RICARDO, SHEATH, OXFORD
Applicants: LUCKHURST ANTHONY HENRY WILLIA, STEYN RICARDO SHEATH OXFORD, LUCKHURST, ANTHONY, HENRY, WILLIAM, STEYN, RICARDO, SHEATH, OXFORD
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61M5
IPC codes: A61M5