A method for producing semiconductor device

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor device is capable of solving problems related to dicing a metal thin film used for electrochemical etching. According to the method, an n type epitaxial thin layer (36) is formed on a p type single-crystal silicon wafer (35). An n + type diffusion layer (38) is formed in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer (36). An n + type diffusion layer (39) is formed in an area of the epitaxial layer (36) which corresponds to the predetermined part of the wafter (35). Aluminum film (40, 41) is formed over the diffusion layers (38, 39), respectively. The aluminum film (40) has a clearance (65) for passing a dicing blade (66). Predetermined parts of the wafer (35) are electrochemically etched by supplying electricity through the aluminum film (40), the diffusion layers (38) and (39), to leave predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer (36). The wafer (35) is diced into chips along the scribe line area. Each of the chips forms the semiconductor device. The electrochemical etching of the wafer (35) is carried out after the formation of the aluminum film (40, 41), by immersing the wafer (35) in a KOH aqueous solution (76) and by supplying electricity through the aluminum film (40). The electrochemical etching is terminated at an inflection point where an etching current inflects to a constant level from a peak level. During the electrochemical etching, the diffusion layer (39) reduces horizontal resistance in the epitaxial layer (36), so that the etched parts receive a sufficient potential to perform the etching.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a semiconductor device such as a semiconductor acceleration sensor. 2. Description of the Related Art Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-13377 discloses an electrochemical etching method for processing a diaphragm of a diaphragm silicon pressure sensor. This method employs an HF-based etching liquid. The etching liquid etches a silicon wafer when a voltage is applied with no flow of current. The etching is stopped if a flow of current is detected. A KOH-based etching liquid is also employable. When a voltage is applied with no flow of current, the etching liquid etches a silicon wafer due to chemical reactions between KOH and silicon. Since the KOH-based etching liquid causes anodic oxidation of silicon to continuously produce a weak flow of current, it is difficult to clearly detect the end of the etching. The electrochemical etching is useful to precisely form a thin part such as a diaphragm of semiconductor pressure sensors and acceleration sensors. Conventional electrochemical etching methods usually employ scribe lines as current supply paths to etch a wafer. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-30039 employs an n type high concentration diffusion layer to supply an etching current. To improve the efficiency of etching, a metal thin film having lower resistance may be employed instead of the diffusion layer. The metal thin film formed on scribe lines on a wafer, however, produces metal dust when a dicing blade dices the wafer into chips along the scribe lines. The metal dust will adhere to the chips to damage the properties thereof. The Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-30039 employs a silicon substrate made of upper and lower conductive layers having different conduction types. A high concentration diffusion layer serving as an electrode is formed on the substrate. The lower layer is electrochemically etched so that the upper layer is left to form a diaphragm. This technique is effective to provide each chip with a diaphragm of uniform thickness when the chip is small. When the chip is large, however, the technique hardly realizes uniform thickness in the diaphragm. It is particularly difficult to form a diaphragm of uniform thickness when a thin epitaxial layer is employed to fabricate a thin diaphragm. This is because such a thin epitaxial layer has higher horizontal resistance, and therefore, central part of each chip area distal from scribe lines receives insufficient potential from a voltage supply source. Then, etching will not easily stop at the central part because an anodic oxidation film is hardly formed at there. In this way, the conventional methods have the problems of incorrectly detecting an end of etching, erroneously stopping the etching, and scattering a metal film formed on scribe lines when a wafer is cut into chips along the scribe lines. Such scattered metal film will make semiconductor circuits on each chip defective, to deteriorate a yield. The conventional methods are unable to form a diaphragm of uniform thickness from a thin epitaxial layer due to high horizontal resistance of the layer. Document US-A-4706374 discloses a method of manufacturing a semiconductor accelerometer in a cantilever beam form. In the fabricating process a semiconductor substrate is divided into p-type regions and n-type regions. The substrate is immersed into an electrochemical solution with a cathode and a suitable voltage is applied. Certain portions of the substrate are protected from etching by the voltage such that the semiconductor substrate is etched to form the cantilever beam. Furthermore, this document discloses that, in electrochemical etching using a pn junction, a p-diffusion is preliminarily carried out through an n-epi layer at a position at which a through-hole will be formed other than at a portion which will remain as a thin portion, and when electrochemical etching is effected from the back side, the thin portion of the n-epi layer is selectively left unremoved while the p-diffused portion is removed by being etched through. Document US-A-5095349 discloses to manufacture a sensor by wafer-bonding over an oxide film. The present invention is outlined in the claims. It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a method for producing a semiconductor device, capable of solving the problem of metal dust from a metal thin film that is used for electrochemically etching a wafer and is cut when the wafer is diced into chips after the etching. It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a method for producing a semiconductor device, capable of reducing horizontal resistance in a wafer to be electrochemically etched. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a semiconductor acceleration sensor fabricated according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the sensor; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along a line A-A of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a plan view showing electrode patterns of the sensor; Fig. 5 is an electric connection diagram showing connections in a resistance layer of the sensor; Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional views showing steps for producing the sensor, according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is a plan view showing an intersection of aluminum electrode of the sensor under fabrication; Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along a line D-D of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a sectional view showing another step for producing the sensor, according to the present invention; Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing an electrochemical etching apparatus; Figs. 12 and 13 are flowcharts showing electrochemical etching steps; Fig. 14 is a time chart showing changes in an electrochemical etching current; Fig. 15 is a plan view showing a silicon wafer from which the sensors are formed; Figs. 16 to 20 are sectional views showing steps for processing the wafer into the sensors, according to the present invention; Fig. 21 is a sectional view showing an electrochemical etching operation; Fig. 22 is a view showing a wafer seen from an arrow mark C of Fig. 21; Fig. 23 is a side view showing a platinum ribbon of Fig. 21; Fig. 24 is a sectional view showing the wafer in a sensor production process; Figs. 25 and 26 are views showing steps for producing the sensors, according to the present invention; Figs. 27 and 28 are sectional views showing steps for producing semiconductor devices, according to modifications of the present invention; Figs. 29 to 35 are sectional views showing steps for producing a semiconductor sensor, according to another embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 36 is a plan view showing a wafer from which the sensors are formed; Figs. 37 to 41 are sectional views showing steps for producing a semiconductor sensor, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention; Figs. 42 and 43 are sectional views showing steps for producing a semiconductor sensor, according to an embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention; Figs. 44 to 48 are sectional views showing steps for producing a semiconductor sensor, according to another embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention; Fig. 49 is a plan view showing an integrated pressure sensor; Fig. 50 is a sectional view taken along a line A-A of Fig. 49; Fig. 51 is a plan view showing a semiconductor wafer from which the sensors are formed; Figs. 52 to 55 are sectional views showing different elements of the sensor; Figs. 56 to 59 are sectional views showing steps for producing the sensor, according to the present invention; Fig. 60 is a sectional view showing another sensor produced according to the present invention; Fig. 61 is a sectional view showing still another sensor produced according to the present invention; and Fig. 62 is a sectional view showing still another sensor chip produced according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Methods for producing a semiconductor device according to the present invention will be explained with reference to figures. The structure of a semiconductor acceleration sensor produced according to the present invention will be explained at first. Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the semiconductor acceleration sensor. Figure 2 is a plan view showing the sensor. Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along a line A-A of Fig. 2. This sensor may be employed for an ABS system of a car. The sensor has a square base 1 made of Pyrex glass and a square silicon chip 2 attached to the top of the base 1. The chip 2 has a first square support 3 whose bottom is attached to the base 1. The support 3 forms four sides of the chip 2. At the central part of the chip 2, four through holes 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are formed to define four movable thin beams 5, 6, 7, and 8 and a thick rectangular weight 9. A through hole 10 is formed along the inner side of the first support 3, to define a thick channel-shaped second support 11 and a thick joint 12. Namely, the first and second supports 3 and 11 with the through hole 10 interposing between them are connected to each other through the joint 12. The weight 9 and second support 11 with the through holes 4a to 4d interposing between them are connected to each other through the movable thin beams 5 to 8. The thickness of each of the beams 5 to 8 is about 5 micrometers. Pairs of piezoresistance layers 13a and 13b, 14a and 14b, 15a and 15b, and 16a and 16b are formed on the beams 5 to 8, respectively. The base 1 has a center recess 17 (Fig. 3) so that weight 9 will not touch the base 1 when the weight 9 is shifted due to acceleration. Figure 4 shows aluminum electrode patterns formed on the chip 2. The electrode patterns include ground electrode 18, source voltage electrode 19, and output electrode 20 and 21 for providing a potential difference corresponding to acceleration. There are another four sets of electrode including ground electrode 22, source voltage electrode 23, and output electrode 24 and 25 for providing a potential difference corresponding to acceleration. An impurity diffusion layer 26 contacting with the source voltage electrode 19 is formed. A silicon oxide film is disposed on the diffusion layer 26, and the ground electrode 18 crossing the source voltage electrode 19 is arranged on the silicon oxide film. The source voltage electrode 23 is in contact with the source voltage electrode 19 through an impurity diffusion layer 27. The ground electrode 22 is in contact with the ground electrode 18 through an impurity diffusion layer 29. The output electrode 24 is in contact with the output electrode 20 through an impurity diffusion layer 29. The output electrode 21 and 25 are connected to each other through an impurity diffusion layer 30 for adjusting resistance. The piezoresistance layers 13a to 16b are electrically connected to form a Wheatstone bridge circuit shown in Fig. 5. This circuit includes a ground terminal 31, a source voltage terminal 32, and output terminals 33 and 34 for providing a potential difference corresponding to acceleration. The present invention provides a method for producing a semiconductor device such as the semiconductor acceleration sensor explained above. The method basically involves a first step of forming a single-crystal semiconductor thin film of second conduction type over a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type; a second step of forming a conductive material in a scribe line area on the thin film; a third step of electrochemically etching the substrate with the conductive material transmitting etching electricity, to remove predetermined parts of the substrate; and a fourth step of dicing the substrate into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms the semiconductor device. According to a first aspect of the present invention , the conductive material includes a metal thin film 40 which has a clearance 65 for passing a dicing blade along the scribe line area, as shown in Fig. 9. Namely, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a semiconductor device, including a first step of forming a single-crystal semiconductor thin film of second conduction type over a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type; a second step of forming a metal thin film in a scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film, the metal thin film having a clearance for passing a dicing blade; a third step of electrochemically etching the substrate with the metal thin film transmitting etching electricity, to remove predetermined parts of the substrate and leave predetermined parts of the semiconductor thin film; and a fourth step of dicing the substrate into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms the semiconductor device. The second step may form a high concentration diffusion layer of second conduction type in the scribe line area and then form the metal thin film over the diffusion layer. In this way, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the first step forms a single-crystal semiconductor thin film of second conduction type over a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type. The second step forms a metal thin film in a scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film. The metal thin film has a clearance for passing a dicing blade. The third step electrochemically etches the semiconductor substrate with the metal thin film transmitting etching electricity, to remove predetermined parts of the substrate and leave predetermined parts of the semiconductor thin film. The fourth step cuts the substrate into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. At this time, the dicing blade passes through the clearance formed on the metal thin film, so that the dicing will produce no metal dust. The conductive material may include a high concentration diffusion layer 38 of second conduction type. Further embodiments are outlined in the dependent claims. Embodiments according to these aspects will be explained with reference to Figs. 6 to 26. In Fig. 6, a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 35 is prepared. An n type epitaxial layer 36 is formed over the wafer 35. In Fig. 7, a p + type diffusion layer 37 is formed on the epitaxial layer 36 in an area where a piezoresistance layer is to be formed. An n + type diffusion layer 38 is formed in a scribe line area. An n + type diffusion layer 39 is formed in an area where through holes 10, 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d (Fig. 2) are to be formed. An aluminum film 40 is formed over the n + type diffusion layer 38. Pads are connected to the aluminum film 40. An aluminum thin film 41 is formed over the n + type diffusion layer 39. Figure 8 is a plan view showing an intersection of the aluminum film 40. Figure 9 is a sectional view taken along a line D-D of Fig. 8. The aluminum film 40 is disposed in the scribe line area. A clearance 65 for passing a dicing blade 66 is formed along the center line of the aluminum film 40. The width W1 of the clearance 65 is slightly wider than the width W2 of the dicing blade 66. Since the dicing blade 66 passes through the clearance 65 of the aluminum film 40, the dicing blade 66 is away from the aluminum film 40. In Fig. 8, the clearance 65 does not cross each intersection of the aluminum film 40. This arrangement reduces resistance in the aluminum film 40 that serves as a current supply path for electrochemical etching. Figure 9 also shows a silicon oxide film 67, aluminum electrode 68, and a passivation film 69. In Fig. 10, a plasma nitride film (P-SiN) 52 is formed on the back of the wafer 35. The film 52 is patterned by photoetching. A current is supplied to the pads on the aluminum film 40, to electrochemically etch the wafer (substrate) 35 with the n + type diffusion layer 38 serving as an electrode. The electrochemical etching will be explained in detail with reference to Fig. 11. The wafer 35 is immersed in a KOH aqueous solution 76 (33 weight percent at 82 degrees centigrade). A platinum (Pt) electrode 70 is put in the solution 76, to face the wafer 35. A constant voltage source (two volts) 71, an ammeter 72, and a switch 73 are connected in series between the aluminum film 40 of the wafer 35 and the electrode 70. A controller 74 such as a microcomputer is connected to a start switch 75, the ammeter 72, and switch 73. The controller 74 starts etching in response to a start signal from the start switch 75 and detects a current in response to a signal from the ammeter 72. The controller 74 opens and closes the switch 73. Figures 12 and 13 show etching steps carried out by the controller 74. These steps will be explained with reference to a time chart of Fig. 14. An ordinate of Fig. 14 represents etching current values. Upon receiving an etching start signal from the start switch 75, the controller 74 starts the steps of Fig. 12. In step 101, the controller 74 closes the switch 73. In step 102, the controller 74 sets a flag F to 0. In step 103, the controller 74 reads a present current value Ii from the ammeter 72. In step 104, the controller 74 calculates a difference ΔIi (= Ii - I i-1 ) where I i-1 is a previous current value. In step 105, the controller 74 determines whether or not the difference ΔIi has changed from positive to negative. Namely, it determines whether or not a peak value (at time tp in Fig. 14) has been obtained. If the difference ΔIi has not changed from positive to negative, the flow returns to step 103, and if it has changed, the controller 74 sets the flag F to 1 in step 106. The controller 74 periodically carries out an interrupt routine of Fig. 13. In step 201, the controller 74 tests if the flag F is 1. If F=0, the interrupt process ends. If F=1, the controller 74 determines, in step 202, whether or not the current difference ΔIi is 0. During a period of tp to t2 of Fig. 14, the difference ΔIi is negative and not zero, so that the interrupt ends. If the difference ΔIi is zero at timing t2 of Fig. 14, the controller 74 opens, in step 203, the switch 73. Then, the interrupt ends. Just after that, the wafer 35 is picked up from the solution 76 and washed with pure water. This completes the electrochemical etching. Changes in the etching current will be explained with reference to Fig. 14. During a first period (1) after the start of the etching, KOH and silicon chemically react with each other to etch the wafer 35. This etching is realized because a voltage is supplied to the aluminum film 40 and because no current flows to the wafer 35 due to a pn junction formed between the wafer 35 and the epitaxial layer 36. During a second period (2), a peak current appears. At the same time, the wafer 35 is etched to the pn junction, the epitaxial layer 36 receiving the voltage gets in contact with the KOH aqueous solution, to cause a current to flow, and silicon on the surface of the epitaxial layer 36 is oxidized due to the current. The peak in the period (2) has a slope due to a surface distribution of thickness (thickness fluctuations) of the wafer 35. During a third period (3), the current drops to a level that is higher than the level of the first period (1). This is because the silicon oxides are also etched, though slowly, and the etching of the silicon oxides and the oxidation of silicon are balanced. More precisely, the speed of the etching of the silicon oxides by the KOH aqueous solution is about one hundredth of that of silicon, so that the silicon is nearly completely etched. The inflection point of the etching current to the flat level due to the silicon oxidation after the current peak in the second period (2) corresponds to an end of the etching. In Fig. 11, the diameter of the wafer 35 is 10 centimeters, and a total etched area indicated with L is 17.4 square centimeters. Within each chip area on the wafer 35, the n + type diffusion layer 39 exists in a predetermined area on the epitaxial layer 36, as shown in Fig. 10. The layer 39 helps a current to horizontally flow from the n + type diffusion layer 38 toward the face to be electrochemically etched, without being blocked by resistance. Namely, the layer 39 reduces horizontal resistance in the epitaxial layer 36, so that parts that are distal from the voltage supply layer 38 may receive a sufficient amount of current, to form an anodic oxidation film. This results in easily stopping the etching. In practice, the etching is stopped by a depletion layer extending from the pn junction toward the substrate 35. Accordingly, the semiconductor material of the substrate 35 will slightly remain on the junction between the substrate 35 and the epitaxial layer 36. In Figs. 15 and 16, a p + type diffusion layer 54 may be formed on the periphery of a chip forming area of the epitaxial layer 36. The bottom of the diffusion layer 54 reaches the wafer 35. During the electrochemical etching process, the pn junction at the periphery of the wafer 35 will cause a leak as indicated with B in Fig. 17. The diffusion layer 54 isolates the leak causing part from etched parts to thereby prevent the leak. This results in accurately forming a diaphragm having a uniform thickness. If there is no p + type diffusion layer 54, potential at the periphery of the epitaxial layer 36 will be equal to that at the central part of the layer 36, so that the part B of Fig. 17 will cause a leak. On the other hand, the periphery of the epitaxial layer 36 having the p + type diffusion layer 54 will have the same potential as the wafer (substrate) 35, so that no leak will happen. Figures 18 to 20 show processes for forming the leak preventive high concentration diffusion layer 54, In Fig. 18, a p + type buried layer 55 is formed on a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 35. An n type epitaxial layer 36 is formed on the wafer 35. In Fig. 19, a p + type diffusion layer 56 is formed in the epitaxial layer 36 by heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, to reach the buried layer 55. Then, the electrochemical etching is performed as shown in Fig. 20. When the epitaxial layer 36 is thick, this technique is advantageous because it can reduce a time necessary for forming the p + type diffusion layer 55 up to the wafer 35. Figures 21 to 24 show an example of an electrochemical etching technique. In Figs. 21 and 22, a platinum ribbon 59 is held between an alumina support 57 and a silicon wafer 58. The wafer 58 is fixed to the support 57 with resin 60 such as heat resistant wax. The resin 60 protects the wafer 58 and platinum ribbon 59 from an etching liquid 61 such as a 33 weight percent KOH solution at 82 degrees centigrade. In Figs. 22 and 23, an end of the platinum ribbon 59 is corrugated. When no external force is applied, the corrugated part of the ribbon 59 has a thickness of W. When the ribbon 59 is firmly held between the support 57 and the wafer 58, the thickness of the corrugated part of the ribbon 59 is compressed less than W. This results in producing a force pushing the wafer 58 away from the support 57. Under this state, the ribbon 59 is surely electrically connected to the wafer 58. In Fig. 24, the wafer 58 is immersed in a solvent 62 such as a trichloroethane solvent to liquefy the resin 60 and is then picked up from the solvent. At this time, the corrugated part of the platinum ribbon 59 pushes the wafer 58 away from the support 57, so that the solvent 62 stirred with a mixer 64 rapidly removes the wafer 58 from the support 57. If the ribbon 59 is flat, the wafer 58 will be tightly attached to the support 57 with the resin 60, to take a longer time to peel the wafer 58 off from the support 57. The electrochemical etching removes the predetermined parts of the wafer 35, to form grooves 42 as shown in Fig. 10, and leaves the predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 36, to form the movable thin beams 5, 6, 5, and 8 (Fig. 2). In Fig. 25, parts including the n + type diffusion layer 39 are removed from the epitaxial layer 36, to open the grooves 42 to form the through holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 10 shown in Fig. 2. Thereafter, the wafer 35 is anodically joined with the base 1 made of Pyrex glass. In Fig. 26, the wafer 35 and base 1 are diced along the scribe line area into chips (Fig. 26 showing one of the chips). At this time, the dicing blade 66 passes through the clearance 65 of the aluminum film 40 as shown in Fig. 9. Namely, the dicing blade 66 does not contact with the aluminum film 40, so that no metal dust will be produced. As explained above, the first step forms an n type thin epitaxial layer 36 (a single-crystal semiconductor thin film of second conduction type) over a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 35 (a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type). The second step forms an aluminum film 40 (a metal thin film) in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 36. The aluminum film 40 has a clearance 65 for passing a dicing blade. The third step electrochemically etches the wafer 35 with the aluminum film 40 transmitting etching electricity, to remove predetermined parts of the wafer 35 and leave predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 36. The fourth step cuts the wafer 35 into chips along the scribe line area. Each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. In the step 4, the dicing blade 66 passes through the clearance 65 of the aluminum film 40, so that no metal dust is produced to adhere to and damage the chips. If the scribe line area has no clearance 65 for passing the dicing blade 66, it will be difficult to find the scribe line area to be cut because the aluminum film 40 is covering the scribe line area. According to the present invention, the clearance 65 serves as a guide line for guiding the dicing blade 66, to accurately dice the wafer 35 into chips along the scribe line area. An n + type diffusion layer 38 (a high concentration diffusion layer of second conduction type) may be formed in the scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 36, and then the aluminum film 40 may be formed over the diffusion layer 38. The diffusion layer 38 serves as an electrode to secure an electrical connection path. Since the aluminum film 40 and n + type diffusion layer 38 are disposed in the scribe line area and since the n + type diffusion layer 39 is disposed in the through hole forming area, there is no need to expand each chip area for accommodating these layers and films 38, 39, and 40. In Fig. 8, each intersection of the aluminum film 40 has no clearance 65 for passing the dicing blade 66. The clearance 65 may be formed across each intersection of the aluminum film 40. This may increase resistance but the dicing blade 66 never gets in contact with the aluminum film 40 even at each intersection of the film so that metal (aluminum) dust is completely prevented. Step 105 of Fig. 12 may determine whether or not a predetermined period T shown in Fig. 14 has elapsed. The period T within which a current reaches an inflection point from a peak level to a constant level is empirically obtained. As soon as the period T (for example, five minutes) passes, the electrochemical etching is stopped. Figure 27 shows a modification according to the present invention. An n + type diffusion layer 43 is formed over an epitaxial layer 36 except parts where piezoresistance layers 13a to 16b (Fig. 4) are to be formed, and an n + type diffusion layer 39 is electrically connected to an aluminum film 40 through the layer 43. Figure 28 shows another modification according to the present invention. An aluminum film 44 is formed over an epitaxial layer 36 except parts where piezoresistance layers 13a to 16b and wiring 18 to 30 (Fig. 4) are to be formed, and an aluminum film 41 is electrically connected to an aluminum film 40 through the film 44. Figures 29 to 35 show another method for forming semiconductor devices, according to the present invention. In Fig. 29, an n + type diffusion layer 46 is formed by thermal diffusion or ion implantation over a p type single-crystal silicon wafer (substrate) 45. An n type epitaxial layer 47 is formed over the diffusion layer 46. In Fig. 30, a p + type diffusion layer 48 is formed in a predetermined area on the epitaxial layer 47 where a piezoresistance layer is to be formed. An n + type diffusion layer 49 is formed in a scribe line area. An aluminum thin film 50 is formed over the diffusion layer 49. Similar to the embodiment of Figs. 8 and 9, the aluminum film 50 has a clearance 65 for passing a dicing blade 66. In Fig. 31, a plasma nitride film (P-SiN) 53 is formed over the back of the wafer 45. The film 53 is patterned by photoetching. With diffusion layer 49 in the scribe line area serving as an electrode, predetermined parts of the wafer 45 are electrochemically etched, to form grooves 51. At this time, predetermined parts of the layers 46 and 47 are left. The electrochemical etching is carried out similar to the first embodiment of Figs. 11 to 14. Namely, the wafer 45 is immersed in a KOH aqueous solution and electrochemically etched. At an inflection point to a constant current value from a peak, the etching is stopped. As a result, the predetermined parts of the wafer 45 are removed and the predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 47 are left. During the electrochemical etching, the n + type diffusion layer 46 interposing between the wafer 45 and the epitaxial layer 47 helps a current to sufficiently flow from the diffusion layer 49 to the parts to be etched, as shown in Fig. 31. Namely, the layer 46 reduces horizontal resistance of the epitaxial layer 47 acting against the current, so that even parts that are distal from the voltage supply source may receive a sufficient current, an anode oxide film may be smoothly formed, and the etching may be easily stopped. In Fig. 32, a p + type diffusion layer 63 is formed on the periphery of a chip forming area of the epitaxial layer 47. The depth of the diffusion layer 63 reaches the wafer 45. During the electrochemical etching, the pn junction at the periphery of the wafer 45 will cause a leak as indicated with B in Fig. 33. The diffusion layer 63 isolates the leak causing part from parts to be etched, to thereby prevent the leak. This results in accurately forming a diaphragm having a uniform thickness. The leak preventive high concentration diffusion layer 63 may be formed in the same manner as explained with reference to Figs. 18 to 20. Namely, a p + type buried layer is formed in the wafer 45, and a p + type diffusion layer is formed in the epitaxial layer 47, to reach the buried layer. In Fig. 34, predetermined parts of the diffusion layer 46 and epitaxial layer 47 are removed to open the grooves 51. The wafer 45 is anodically joined with a base 1 made of Pyrex glass, as shown in Fig. 35. The wafer 45 and base 1 are diced into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. At this time, the dicing blade 66 passes through the clearance 65 of the aluminum film 50 as in the case of Fig. 9. Accordingly, the dicing blade 66 does not get in contact with the aluminum film 50. Instead of forming the diffusion layer 46 over the wafer 45, the epitaxial layer may have double layers including an n + type lower layer and an n type upper layer. In this way, the present invention solves the problem arising when dicing a metal thin film used for electrochemical etching and terminates the etching at optimum timing. The semiconductor producing methods according to further aspects of the present invention are basically the same as those of the methods explained with reference to Figs. 6 to 26. The features of the third and fourth aspects will be explained with reference to Fig. 10. A plasma nitride film (P-SiN) 52 is formed on the back of a wafer 35. The film 52 is patterned by photoetching. A current is supplied to pads formed on an aluminum film 40, to electrochemically etch the wafer 35 with an n + type diffusion layer 38 serving as an electrode. An n + type diffusion layer 39 formed in a predetermined region on an epitaxial layer 36 helps a current to sufficiently flow from the diffusion layer 38 to parts to be etched. Namely, the diffusion layer 39 reduces horizontal resistance in the epitaxial layer 36 so that even parts that are distal from the voltage supply layer may receive a sufficient current, an anode oxide film may be smoothly formed, and the etching may easily be stopped. According to these aspects of the present invention, the first step forms an n type epitaxial layer 36 over a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 35 (a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type). The second step forms an n + type diffusion layer 38 (a high concentration diffusion layer of second conduction type) in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 36 as well as an n + type diffusion layer 39 (a high concentration diffusion layer of second conduction type) in a predetermined area to be removed on the epitaxial layer 36 within each chip area. The third step electrochemically etches predetermined parts of the wafer 35 with the diffusion layer 38 in the scribe line area serving as an electrode, to leave predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 36. The fourth step cuts the substrate into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. During the third step, the diffusion layer 39 present in the predetermined area of the epitaxial layer 36 within each chip area reduces horizontal resistance in the epitaxial layer 36, so that parts that are distal from the voltage supply layer may receive a sufficient current to promote the formation of an anode oxide film and easily stop the etching. Since the diffusion layer 38 is disposed in the scribe line area and since the diffusion layer 39 is disposed in the through hole forming area, there is no need to expand each chip area for accommodating the layers 38 and 39. . In Fig. 30, a p + type diffusion layer 48 is formed on an epitaxial layer 47 in an area where a piezoresistance layer is formed, and an n + type diffusion layer 49 is formed in a scribe line area. An aluminum film 50 is formed over the diffusion layer 49. In Fig. 31, a plasma nitride film (P-SiN) 53 is formed over the back of a wafer 45. The film 53 is patterned by photoetching. With the diffusion layer 49 in the scribe line area serving as an electrode, predetermined parts of the wafer 45 are electrochemically etched to form grooves 51, and predetermined parts of the layers 46 and 47 are left. During the electrochemical etching, an n + type diffusion layer 46 interposing between the wafer 45 and the epitaxial layer 47 helps a current to sufficiently flow from the diffusion layer 49 to the area to be etched. Namely, the layer 46 reduces the horizontal resistance of the epitaxial layer 47 acting against the current, so that even parts that are distal from the voltage supply source may receive a sufficient current, an anode oxide film may be smoothly formed, and the etching may be easily stopped. In this way, the first step forms an n + type diffusion layer 46 (a high concentration diffusion layer of second conduction type) over a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 45 (a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type) and then an n type epitaxial layer 47 over the diffusion layer 46. The second step forms an n + type diffusion layer 49 (a high concentration diffusion layer of second conduction type) in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 47. The third step electrochemically etches predetermined parts of the wafer 45 with the diffusion layer 49 in the scribe line area serving as an electrode, to leave predetermined areas of the epitaxial layer 47 and diffusion layer 46. The fourth step cuts the wafer 45 into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. In the third step, the diffusion layer 46 interposing between the wafer 45 and the epitaxial layer 47 helps a current to sufficiently flow from the diffusion layer 49 to the area to be etched. Namely, the layer 46 reduces horizontal resistance of the epitaxial layer 47, so that even parts that are distal from the voltage supply source may receive a sufficient current, an anode oxide film may be smoothly formed, and the etching may be easily stopped. In any of the embodiments, the first and second conduction types may be replaced with each other. As explained above, the further aspects of the present invention effectively reduce horizontal resistance in each chip area during electrochemical etching. The above embodiments supply a uniform voltage to the surface of a wafer by forming an n type epitaxial layer on a p type single-crystal silicon substrate and by forming an n + type diffusion layer on the epitaxial layer. The diffusion layer serves as an electrode when electrochemically etching the substrate, to leave a part of the epitaxial layer as a diaphragm. In some case, a high concentration diffusion layer that is irrelevant to a sensor element must be formed as an electrode for electrochemical etching. Namely, a special electrode exclusively used for etching must be prepared separately. An example of the method for forming a semiconductor sensor according to a further spect of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs. 36 to 41. In Fig. 36, a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 35 is prepared. In Fig. 37, an n type epitaxial layer 36 is formed over the wafer 35. In Pig. 38, a p + type diffusion layer 37 is formed in a piezoresistance layer forming area on the epitaxial layer 36. A p + type diffusion layer 38 is formed in a scribe line area. A p + type diffusion layer 39 is formed on the periphery of a chip forming area on the epitaxial layer 36. The depth of the layer 39 reaches the wafer 35. These layers 37, 38, and 39 are simultaneously formed by heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere. In Fig. 39, an aluminum film 40 is formed over the diffusion layer 38, and pads are disposed on parts of the aluminum film 40. A plasma nitride film (P-SiN) 41 is formed over the back of the wafer 35. The film 41 is patterned by photoetching. A current is supplied to the pads of the aluminum film 40, and with the diffusion layer 38 serving as an electrode, electrochemical etching is carried out. Namely, a positive voltage is applied to the diffusion layer 38, so that a diode structure formed between the diffusion layer 38 and the epitaxial layer 36 acts in a forward direction. As a result, a current flows from the diffusion layer 38 to the epitaxial layer 36. Namely, potential is applied to the epitaxial layer 36. The diffusion layer 39 formed on the periphery of the chip forming area prevents a pn junction indicated with B in Fig. 39 from being inversely biased at the periphery of the wafer, i.e., from being exposed to air. This results in eliminating a leak during the electrochemical etching, and thus supplying a uniform voltage over the wafer to form a diaphragm of uniform thickness. Predetermined parts of the wafer 35 are electrochemically etched into grooves 42. Predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 36 remain to form movable thin beams 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Fig. 2). In practice, the etching stops at a depletion layer extending from the pn junction toward the substrate 35. Accordingly, the semiconductor material of the substrate 35 will slightly remain on the junction between the substrate 35 and the epitaxial layer 36. In Fig. 40, predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 36 are removed to open the grooves 42 to form through holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 10 (Fig. 2). The silicon wafer 35 is anodically joined with a base 1 made of Pyrex glass. The wafer 35 and base 1 are diced into chips each having predetermined dimensions along the scribe line area. Figures 3 and 41 show one of the chips. In this way, the first step forms an n type epitaxial layer 36 over a p type single-crystal semiconductor substrate 35 (a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type). The second step forms a p + type diffusion layer 37 (a high concentration diffusion layer of first conduction type) to form a piezoresistance layer in a predetermined area within each chip area on the epitaxial layer 36 as well as a p + type diffusion layer 38 (a high concentration diffusion layer of first conduction type) in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 36. The third step employs the p + type diffusion layer 38 in the scribe line area as an electrode, to electrochemically etch predetermined parts of the wafer 35 and leave predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 36. The fourth step dices the wafer into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. The second step simultaneously forms the diffusion layers 37 and 38. Namely, the diffusion layer 38 serving as an electrode for the electrochemical etching is simultaneously formed with the diffusion layer 37. This reduces the number of diffusion operations. Since the layer 38 is formed in the area to be cut, there is no need to increase the size of each chip area for accommodating the layer 38. The second step may form a p + type diffusion layer 39 on the periphery of the chip forming area of the epitaxial layer 36. The depth of the layer 39 reaches the wafer 35. This layer 39 prevents a leak during the electrochemical etching. Namely, the layer 39 on the periphery of the chip forming area prevents the pn junction indicated with B in Fig. 39 from being inversely biased, i.e., from being exposed to air. This results in eliminating a leak during the electrochemical etching, supplying a uniform voltage to the whole face of the wafer, and forming a diaphragm having uniform thickness. Although a pn junction due to the formation of the diffusion layer 39 is exposed from the surface of the epitaxial layer 36, the diffusion process (heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere) of the diffusion layer 39 may form a silicon oxide film over the surface of the epitaxial layer 36, so that there is no pn junction that is in contact with air. In this way, the present invention prevents fluctuations in the thickness of a diaphragm due to a leak at the pn junction during electrochemical etching, with reduced number of processes. The leak preventive p + type diffusion layer 39 may be formed as follows. In Fig. 42, a p + type diffusion region 43 is formed on the surface of a single-crystal silicon wafer 35 in advance. In Fig. 43, a p + type diffusion layer 44 is formed in an epitaxial layer 36 by heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere. This heat treatment extends the diffusion region 43 on the wafer 35 into the epitaxial layer 36, so that the region 43 gets in contact with the diffusion layer 44. Another embodiment according to a further aspect of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figs. 44 to 48. In Fig. 44, an n type epitaxial layer 46 is formed over a p type single-crystal silicon wafer (substrate) 45. In Fig. 45, a p + type diffusion layer 47 is formed in a piezoresistance layer forming area on the epitaxial layer 46. Aluminum electrode (Fig. 4) for the diffusion layer 47 is formed. An aluminum electrode 48 is formed in a scribe line area. Namely, the aluminum electrode 48 is directly attached to the epitaxial layer 46, to form a Schottky junction. Since the carrier concentration of the epitaxial layer 46 is low, the Schottky junction is formed instead of an ohmic junction. Consequently, a Schottky diode due to the Schottky junction provides a forward current. In Fig. 46, a plasma nitride film (P-SiN) 49 is formed over the back of the wafer 45, which is patterned by photoetching. With the aluminum electrode 48, an electrochemical etching is carried out. Namely, a positive voltage is applied to the aluminum electrode 48 to produce a forward voltage from the Schottky junction, to electrochemically etch predetermined parts of the wafer 45 and form grooves 50. At this time, predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 46 are left. In Fig. 47, predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 46 are removed to open the grooves 50. The silicon wafer 45 is anodically joined with a base 1 made of Pyrex glass. The wafer and base 1 are diced into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device as shown in Fig. 48. In this way, according to this embodiment, the first step forms an n type epitaxial layer 46 over a p type single-crystal silicon wafer 45 (a single-crystal semiconductor substrate of first conduction type). The second step forms a p + type diffusion layer 47 (a high concentration diffusion layer) serving as a piezoresistance layer in a predetermined area within each chip area on the epitaxial layer 46. The third step forms aluminum electrode for the diffusion layer 47 in each chip, and directly forms an aluminum electrode 48 (an etching metal electrode) in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 46, to form a Schottky junction. The fourth step electrochemically etches predetermined parts of the wafer 45 with a forward voltage of the Schottky junction through the aluminum electrode 48, to leave predetermined parts of the epitaxial layer 46. The fifth step dices the wafer 45 into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms a semiconductor device. The third step simultaneously forms the aluminum electrode for the diffusion layer 47 and aluminum electrode 48. Accordingly, with no additional diffusion operation, the aluminum electrode 48 is directly formed when the aluminum electrode for the diffusion layer 47 for forming strain gauges is formed. This aspect is not limited to the embodiments mentioned above. For example, the first and second conduction types in each of the embodiments may be replaced with each other. As explained above, this aspect of the present invention effectively carries out electrochemical etching with no high concentration diffusion layer serving as an exclusive electrochemical etching electrode. A further aspect of the present invention will be explained. This aspect relates to a method for producing an integrated pressure sensor. As explained before, the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-30039 discloses a method for electrochemically etching a wafer, to form a diaphragm of a silicon pressure sensor. This method prepares a silicon substrate formed of upper and lower layers having different conduction types. A high concentration diffusion layer serving as electrode for the electrochemical etching is formed in the inactive and scribe line areas of the silicon substrate. The lower conductive layer is electrochemically etched, and the upper conductive layer (epitaxial layer) is left, to form a diaphragm. When the high concentration diffusion layer is formed in the inactive and scribe line areas of the silicon substrate, the silicon substrate (wafer) wholly receives uniform potential. In this case, the upper conductive layer (epitaxial layer) supplies potential to parts to be etched around the diaphragm. When this technique is applied to fabricate an integrated pressure sensor having integrated circuits on the periphery of a chip, the uniformity of a diaphragm of the chip will be deteriorated because the integrated circuits on the periphery prevent a smooth supply of potential for electrochemical etching. To solve this problem, exclusive electrode for electrochemical etching must be prepared in each chip area. This electrode, however, requires an additional space. Accordingly, there is a need for providing a method for producing a semiconductor device, capable of fabricating a diaphragm with substantially no additional space. To meet the requirement, the further aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a semiconductor device having a thin element (a diaphragm) and an integrated circuit section with electrode on the same substrate. A diaphragm type integrated pressure sensor formed according to a further aspect of the present invention will be explained. Figure 49 is a plan view showing the pressure sensor chip 105. Figure 50 is a sectional view taken along a line A-A of Fig. 49. In Fig. 50, an n - type epitaxial layer 102 is laminated over a p - type single-crystal silicon substrate 101. In Fig. 51, a silicon wafer 103 is diced into pressure sensor chips along a scribe line area 104. In Figs. 49 and 50, the silicon chip 105 has a central diaphragm 106 thinned by electrochemical etching. Four strain gauges (p + type diffusion resistance layers) 107 are formed on the diaphragm 106. The strain gauges 107 are oriented in the same direction. Each of the strain gauges 107 is folded several times to increase its resistance value. The strain gauges 107 are connected to one another to form a Wheatstone bridge. In Fig. 49, an integrated circuit section 108 is formed around the diaphragm 106 on the periphery of the chip 105. The integrated circuit section 108 amplifies an output signal of the Wheatstone bridge and processes the signal for temperature compensation, etc. The integrated circuit section 108 includes, for example, a bipolar npn transistor of Fig. 52, a base resistor of Fig. 53, a capacitor of Fig. 54, and a thin film resistor of Fig. 55. The bipolar npn transistor of Fig. 52 has an n + type collector region 109, a p - type base region 110, and an n + type emitter region 111. These regions are formed in the epitaxial layer 102. The base resistor of Fig. 53 has a p + type base resistance region 112 connected to aluminum electrode 113. The capacitor of Fig. 54 has an SiO 2 film 114 held between an aluminum upper capacitor electrode 115 and a lower capacitor electrode (n + type diffusion layer) 116. The thin film resistor of Pig. 55 has a thin film resistor 118 made of, for example, CrSi formed on an SiO 2 film 117 and connected to aluminum electrode 120 through barrier metal 119 such as TiW. The integrated circuit section 108 is operated with a single power source. In Fig. 49, aluminum electrode formed on the silicon chip 105 supplies potential. The integrated circuit section 108 is connected to aluminum high-potential isolation line 121 and aluminum low-potential isolation line 122. The line 121 is directly connected to a power source line, and the line 122 is directly connected to a ground line. Square parts 123 and 124 on the electrode patterns are bonding pads connected to Au or Al wires. In this integrated pressure sensor (or in a standard bipolar IC), a p + type isolation area 125 shown in Figs. 50, 52, 53, and 54 is arranged to isolate elements from one another. In each chip, the aluminum line 122 is connected to the area 125, to inversely bias a pn junction. A plurality of the p + type base resistance areas 112 of Fig. 53 and resistances formed by the diffusion of the strain gauges 107 of Fig. 50 may be arranged in a region (called a resistance island) surrounded by the p + type isolation area 125. To isolate the resistors from one another, the aluminum line 121 in the chip is connected to the resistance island. Namely, an n + type diffusion layer 126 of ohmic contact is formed on the n - type epitaxial layer 102 of Fig. 50, and the aluminum line 121 is connected to the diffusion layer 126. Namely, the top of the diaphragm 106 forms a resistance island. Under a normal operation of the device, the resistance island is isolated from the other parts by the diffusion layer 126 and aluminum line 121. Although the isolation line is directly connected to a power source or ground line, it is originally not designed for passing a current. Accordingly, the isolation line may be indirectly connected to the power source or ground line through resistors. A method for producing such an integrated pressure sensor will be explained with reference to Fig. 56 to 59. In Fig. 56, a p - type single-crystal silicon substrate (wafer) 101 is prepared. A crystal axis of the substrate has an inclination (off angle) of several degrees on a face (110) or (100). An n - type epitaxial layer 102 is formed over the substrate 101. In Fig. 57, a p + type isolation area 125 is formed to isolate elements from one another. A strain gauge (a p + type diffusion resistance layer) 107, an n + type diffusion layer 126 of ohmic contact, and an n + type diffusion layer 127 for supplying electrochemical etching potential are formed. The layer 127 extends to a chip area and a scribe line area, as shown in Fig. 49. The elements of Figs. 52 to 55 of the integrated circuit section 108 are formed on the periphery of each chip area. At this time, the base resistance region 112 of Fig. 53 is formed when the base of the transistor of Fig. 52 is formed by diffusion. The lower capacitor electrode (n + type diffusion layer) 116 of Fig. 54 is formed when the emitter of the transistor is formed by diffusion. During these element forming processes, an SiO 2 layer 129 is formed over the silicon surface. The thin film resistor 118 of Fig. 55 is formed by CrSi or TiW deposition or spattering. In Fig. 58, aluminum high-potential isolation line 121 and aluminum low-potential isolation line 122 are formed on the SiO 2 layer 129. At the same time, aluminum electrode 128 for supplying electrochemical etching potential in a scribe line area and other aluminum film are formed. At this time, the electrode 128 is electrically connected to the line 121 through the diffusion layer 127. Due to the electrical connection through the diffusion layer 127, the aluminum line 122 can be disposed on the diffusion layer 127. A passivation film 130 such as an SiO 2 film and SiN x film is formed by CVD or spattering method. In fig. 59, an SiN x film 131 is formed over the back of the substrate 101, and the film 131 is patterned by photoetching. Predetermined parts of the substrate 101 are electrochemically etched in a solution such as a KOH aqueous solution. At this time, a voltage is applied to the aluminum electrode 128, so that the pn junction of the substrate 101 is inversely biased by the voltage through the diffusion layer 127, line 121, and diffusion layer 126. The substrate 101 is etched to about the pn junction, and the etching is stopped. The position where the etching is stopped is determined according to a depletion layer extending from the pn junction toward the substrate 101. A diaphragm 106 to be etched of each chip area receives potential through the electrode 128, which runs in a scribe line area extending in lengthwise and crosswise directions on the substrate 101, layer 127, and aluminum line 121. As a result, each chip area receives uniform potential, and therefore, the etching can be stopped easily. The thickness of the diaphragm 106 of the pressure sensor thus formed is determined by the accuracy of the epitaxial layer 102 and the width of the depletion layer. Compared with conventional diaphragm forming methods, the method of the present invention is capable of precisely controlling the thickness of the diaphragm. In Fig. 50, the wafer is diced into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms the integrated pressure sensor. At this time, the aluminum electrode 128 is also cut. As explained above, according to this embodiment, the first step forms an n - type epitaxial layer 102 over a p - type single-crystal silicon substrate (wafer) 101. The second step forms an integrated circuit section 108 having aluminum high-potential isolation line 121 on the epitaxial layer 102. The third step forms aluminum electrode 128 for supplying electrochemical etching potential, in a scribe line area on the epitaxial layer 102, and electrically connects the electrode 128 to the aluminum line 121. The fourth step electrochemically etches predetermined parts of the substrate 101 with use of the electrode 128, to form a diaphragm (thin part) 106 from the epitaxial layer 102. The fifth step dices the wafer into chips along the scribe line area, so that each of the chips forms an integrated pressure sensor. Since the aluminum line 121 of the integrated circuit section 108 is also used for the electrochemical etching, additional exclusive wide diffusion layers and metal film for performing and stopping the etching are substantially not required. Since the aluminum line 121 is electrically connected to the electrode 128 through the diffusion layer 127, the another aluminum line 122 can be arranged on the diffusion layer 127. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned above. The present invention is applicable for producing, by electrochemical etching, not only integrated pressure sensors but also other semiconductor devices such as integrated acceleration sensors having an integrated circuit section, The integrated circuit section 108 may include MOSICs instead of bipolar ICs. In Fig. 60, an n + type buried layer 132 is formed between a p - type single-crystal silicon substrate 101 and an n - type epitaxial layer 102, to form a diaphragm 106. In the above embodiments, conduction types may be replaced with each other. The aluminum line 121 may be directly connected to the electrode 128, with no diffusion layer 127. Instead of the epitaxial layer 102, a semiconductor layer formed by another method such as a wafer direct joint method may be used. As explained above, the sixth aspect of the present invention is capable of forming a diaphragm (thin part) without increasing the size of each chip. Another embodiment according to the sixth aspect of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig. 61. In the previous embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the n + type diffusion layer 126 of ohmic contact is formed on the n - type epitaxial layer 102, and the aluminum high-potential isolation line 121 is connected to the diffusion layer 126, as shown in Fig. 50. Connecting the diffusion layer 126 to the aluminum line 121 applied high potential will cause trouble, when the impedance of the circuit 108A is small. During electrochemical etching, the pn junction between the n - type epitaxial layer 102 and the p - type substrate 101 around the diaphragm must be inversely biased so that no current flows before the substrate is etched to the pn junction. The etching process is usually stopped when a current flows through a semiconductor being etched, to form an anodic junction of the substrate. When the impedance of the circuit 108A is small, the current may leak to the substrate 101 through the circuit 108A and isolation area 125. In this case, the etching operation may be stopped before the substrate 101 is etched to the pn junction. To prevent the above trouble when the impedance of the circuit 108A is small, the present embodiment connects the n + type diffusion layer 126 of ohmic contact to the circuit 108A through the aluminum high-potential isolation line 121 with a leak current preventive diode DA being disposed on the way of the line 121. The polarity of the diode DA is set as indicated in an integrated circuit 108 of the same chip, as shown in Fig. 61. Namely, no current will flow from the circuit 108A to the substrate 101 through the isolation area 125 fixed at low potential. This arrangement is particularly effective when arranging high-potential isolation line. In the above arrangement, it is necessary to consider a forward voltage of the diode. In Fig. 61, the aluminum high-potential isolation line 121 formed on the p + type isolation area 125 is divided into two (121' and 121"). Another aluminum low-potential isolation line 122 is formed between the parts 121' and 121", and they are connected to the circuit 108A. The leak current preventive diode DA is arranged on the way of the aluminum line 121 connected to the circuit 108A. According to the embodiment, the line 122 applied low-potential is connected to the aluminum low-potential isolation electrode 122 formed on the top face of the p + type isolation area 125. According to this embodiment, it is necessary to prevent a current from flowing from each chip. According to a prior art, high potential for isolation is applied to the aluminum line 121, so that the high potential is applied not only to the n + type diffusion layer 126 of ohmic contact but also to the n + type diffusion layer 127 used for electrochemical etching, to cause a problem of leak at an exposed end of the pn junction of the chip, as shown in Fig. 61. To prevent the leak, the present embodiment arranges a leak current preventive diode DB of Fig. 61 having a polarity shown in Fig. 61 between the aluminum lines 121' and 121". Figure 62 shows another embodiment according to the sixth aspect of the present invention. In this embodiment, an n + type diffusion layer 126 of ohmic contact formed on an n - type epitaxial layer 102 is not in contact with aluminum high-potential isolation line 121. According to this embodiment, the aluminum line 123 is formed instead of the aluminum high-potential isolation line 121. The line 123 formed on the a p + type isolation area 125 is divided into two parts (123' and 123"). Aluminum low-potential isolation line 122 is formed between the electrode parts 123' and 123". The line 122 is connected to a circuit 108A. The electrode 123' is connected to the electrode 123" through a leak current preventive diode DB. The diode DB has polarity as. shown in the figure. This embodiment supplies a voltage from a scribe line area or from an n + type diffusion layer 127 used for electrochemical etching to the epitaxial layer 102 to form a diaphragm 106 without passing the electrode for the circuit 108A. This embodiment is applicable when a plurality of resistors are not formed in a single resistance island. When forming four strain gauges 107 of a p + type diffusion layer on the same n - type epitaxial layer 102, high potential must be applied to the epitaxial layer 102 to isolate the strain gauges 107 from one another. When the strain gauges 107 are formed on different n - type epitaxial layers 102, respectively, it is not necessary to bias the n - type epitaxial layers to high potential.

Claims: A method for producing a semiconductor device comprising: a first step of forming a single-crystal semiconductor thin film (36, 47, 46, 102) of a second conduction type (n) over a single-crystal semiconductor substrate (35, 45, 101) of a first conduction type (p); a succeeding second step of forming a conductive material (38, 40, 49, 50, 48, 128) in a scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film, said conductive material including a metal thin film (40, 50, 48, 128) which has a clearance (65) for passing a dicing blade (66) along the scribe line area, whereby the width (W1) of said clearance (65) is slightly wider than the width (W2) of said dicing blade (66); a succeeding third step of electrochemical etching the substrat being carried out using said conductive material as a pass transmitting etching electricity to remove predetermined parts (42, 51, 50) of the substrate in respective chip areas, said conductive material serving as an electrode during the electrochemical etching; and a succeeding forth step of dicing the substrate into chips along the scribe line area, each of the chips forming the semiconductor device. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material includes a high concentration diffusion layer (38, 49) of a second conduction type (n). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the semiconductor thin film formed on the substrate is an epitaxial layer. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electrochemical etching step leaves predetermined parts of the semiconductor thin film where first conduction type (p) diffusion layers (37, 48, 47 (Figs. 45 to 48), 107 (Figs. 50, 57 to 62)) are respectively located. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a high concentration diffusion layer (39, 43, 46) of a second conduction type (n) is formed in a predetermined area of the epitaxial layer. The method according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined area of the epitaxial layer where the high concentration diffusion layer (39) of a second conduction type (n) is formed corresponds to an area that is within a chip area to be removed between the third and forth step. The method according to claim 6, wherein a metal thin film (41) is disposed on the semiconductor thin film to contact the high concentration diffusion layer (39), and is removed between the third and forth step. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the substrate is immersed in a KOH-based etching liquid and is electrochemically etched with a predetermined current, and the etching is stopped at an inflection point where the current inflects to a given level from the peak level. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said conductive material forming step includes: firstly forming a high concentration diffusion layer (38, 49) of a second conduction type (n) in the scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film; and then forming a metal thin film (40, 50) on the diffusion layer (38, 49). The method according to claims 9, wherein, when the high concentration diffusion layer (38) of the second conduction type (n) is formed as part of the conductive material, a high concentration diffusion layer (39) of a second conduction type (n) is formed in a predetermined area within each chip area of which is removed between the third and the forth step. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said conductive material forming step includes: forming a high concentration diffusion layer (38) of a second conduction type (n) in a scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film as well as a high concentration diffusion layer (39) of a second conduction type (n) in a predetermined area within each chip area on the semiconductor thin film. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said semiconductor thin film forming step includes: forming a high concentration diffusion layer (46) of a second conduction type (n) over a single-crystal semiconductor substrate (45) of a first conduction type (p); and then forming an epitaxial layer (47) of a second conduction type (n) over the diffusion layer (46). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising forming, prior to said electrochemical etching step, a leak preventive high concentration diffusion layer (54, 55, 56, 63, 39, 43, 44) of a first conduction type (p) on the periphery of a chip forming area of the semiconductor thin film, the depth of the leak preventive layer reaching the substrate. The method according to claim 1, wherein said conductive material forming step includes: forming a high concentration diffusion layer (37) of a first conduction type (p) within each chip area on the semiconductor thin film as well as a high concentration diffusion layer (38) of a first conduction type (p) in a scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film as said conductive material. The method according to claim 14, wherein the conductive material forming step also forms a leak preventive high concentration diffusion layer (39, 43, 44) of a first conduction type (p) on the periphery of a chip forming area of the semiconductor thin film (36), the depth of the leak preventive layer reaching the substrate (35). The method according to claim 1, wherein said conductive material forming step includes forming as conductive material a metal film which forms a Schottky junction by directly contacting the semiconductor thin film in the scribe line area. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising: a step of forming an integrated circuit section with an electrode (121) on the semiconductor thin film; and a step of forming an electrode (128) in the scribe line area on the semiconductor thin film and electrically connecting the electrode (128) in the scribe line area to the electrode (121) of the integrated circuit section, whereby the electrochemical etching step utilizes the electrode (128) in the scribe line area as a pass transmitting electricity to form a diaphragm from the semiconductor thin film. The method according to claim 17, wherein the step of forming an electrode electrically connects the electrode (128) in the scribe line area to the electrode (121) of the integrated circuit section through a high concentration diffusion layer (127) formed on the semiconductor thin film. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein said electrode (121) of the integrated circuit section is a high-potential line connected to a power source. The method according to claim 18, wherein said electrode (121) of the integrated circuit section is connected to said high concentration diffusion layer (127) through a diode (DB).

Inventors: FUKADA TSUYOSHI, TANIZAWA YUKIHIKO, YOSHINO YOSHIMI, FUKADA, TSUYOSHI, TANIZAWA, YUKIHIKO, YOSHINO, YOSHIMI
Applicants: DENSO CORP, DENSO CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H01L21
IPC codes: G01L9, H01L21, G01P15, B81B3