Device for feeding samples to elemental analysis apparatuses

Abstract: A device for automatically feeding samples to an elemental analysis combustion apparatus comprises a moving body (9) provided with housing (11) for the sample and rotatable from an external sample receiving position to a sample feeding position where the housing is insulated from atmosphere and connected to elemental analysis apparatus; the moving body being substantially truncated cone shaped and rotatable about its axis within a seat having conjugated size and shape.

Description: The present invention relates to a device for sample feeding to combustion elemental analysis apparatuses. The device is of the type comprising a housing for the sample to be analyzed, said housing being provided in a movable support. The latter moves from a position where sample is received to a position of sample injection into the analytical instrument. In this position perfect sealing of the apparatus from external environment must also be ensured. In the device, in correspondence with the movable support, the circulation of an inert gas is also foreseen for washing the sample housing. Similar devices, already known in the art, receive a sample, generally contained in an envelope made of metal (e.g. tin), that must be submitted to qualitative and quantitative analysis of its components. Obviously, the sample introduction into the analytical detection system must ensure that no other substances capable of altering the analysis are fed therewith, such as for example air present in the environment outside the apparatus. For this purpose, combustion elemental analysis is performed in an atmosphere of inert gas, generally helium, that is used in the analytical apparatus both as sample washing gas and as carrier gas. This therefore involves a particularly accurate configuration in order to ensure perfect sealing, mainly in correspondence with the reciprocally moving parts, in order to avoid infiltrations of foreign elements that can affect analytical precision. Such feeding devices are known from US-A-4 351 801 or EP-A-0 280 335. In addition, Italian Patent IT 1122396, filed by Carlo Erba Strumentazione S.p.A., provides a sampler of the aforedescribed type, wherein a slide, sealingly movable within a seat, moves from a position where the sample coming from the external environment is received to a position where the sample is fed to the analytical apparatus, also ensuring in the latter position the insulation of the analytical environment from the external atmosphere. The reciprocating movement of the slide is obtained by means of a double-acting cyclinder-piston pneumatic system. This solution is effective from the sealing point of view, but involves a considerable complication of the mechanisms driving the slide to achieve the necessary precision. Furthermore, possible increases in the number and size of the samples to be treated require to enlarge or replace the operating system thus jeopardizing the precision of movements and resulting in loss of reliability of the device. A further drawback of the known devices is the fact that, with the slide use, particles of the analyzed samples fall on the slide and their accumulation leads to an increase in the sliding friction and therefore to an accelerated wear of the slide up to loss of sealing. Furthermore, maintenance operations become long and expensive due to the aforementioned complexity of the operating mechanisms of the device. Said drawbacks are particularly important in the case of automatic feeders. It is the aim of the present invention to provide an improved device that reduces or eliminates said drawbacks of known samplers. This aim is achieved by providing a device for sample feeding to an apparatus for combustion elemental analysis (i.e. ultimate analysis), of the type comprising supporting means provided with a housing for the sample to be analyzed, said supporting means being movable from a position where said housing receives the sample to a position where said housing releases the sample into the analytical apparatus, characterized in that said support substantially consists of a body rotatable about its axis within a seat having conjugated shape and dimensions. A better sealing of the device is thus obtained while simplifying the operating mechanism of the movable supporting means. A further advantage is given by the mechanical simplicity of the device according to the invention, considerably facilitating its maintenance, that can be performed directly by the end user. This becomes particularly advantageous in the case where the sampler is of the automatic type. The following description will be referred to such a type of sampler, with however no intention of restricting the invention thereto. Further features and advantages will become clearer from the following description given with illustrative and non limiting purposes with reference to the accompanying drawings, where: figure 1 is a cross sectional view of the device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; figure 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a detail of figure 1; figure 3 is a front view of the rotatable body according to the invention; and figure 4 is a sectional view along line A-A of figure 3 of the rotatable body. Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention that comprises a chamber 1 connected upstream with a fitting 2 for the introduction of the sample coming from a delivering unit provided with rotary disks 3, 4, 5, 6 provided inside a cover 7 made of transparent material. The chamber 1 of the device is connected downstream with a fitting 6 to feed the sample to the reactor of the analytical apparatus (not shown). Inside chamber 1 of the device there is provided a seat within which moving body 9 is engaged with possibility of movement of rotation about its own axis. Substantially, while in the state of the art the movement of the moving body from the position where the sample is received to the position where it is fed to the combustion reactor was of translational type, according to the invention said movement if of rotational type. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the moving body 9 has a substantially truncated cone shape, since the latter, together with the conjugated shape and dimensions of the seat, ensures an optimal sealing without however preventing the relative movement of the body 9 with respect to its seat. The movement of rotation of the body 9 is preferably obtained by means of a pneumatic actuator 10 through means of motion transmission that also transmit the movement of synchronized rotation to the sample delivering unit placed on top of the device. Figure 2 more clearly illustrates the structure of the body 9 in the position, in contact with outside environment, where the sample is received into housing 11. The latter is provided in transverse position with respect to the axis of rotation of body 9, and is also aligned upstream with the inlet of the injection duct 2 and downstream with the coaxial opening of duct 8 connected to the combustion reactor of the analytical apparatus (not shown). The moving body 9 is provided in a known way with at least one sealing gasket 9' and is urged into the sealing position by Belleville washers 21 or similar elastic means. This enables to transfer the sample with a simple movement of rotation according to a preset angle, that in the case of the preferred embodiment is of 180 degrees, while maintaining at the same time a perfect insulation of the analytical environment from the atmosphere. The introduction of the sample and its subsequent combustion can be visually controlled through a portion 12 made of transparent material removably fixed on the front wall of the device in correspondence with the body 9. The latter comprises a channel 13 (figures 3, 4), parallel to its axis of rotation, inside which a sloping reflecting surface 14 and a lens 15 make visible to the outside the images coming from inside the combustion reactor. Figure 3 is a front view of septum 9 where the presence of the openings of a series of ducts 16, 17, 18 for the circulation of inert gas for sample washing is highlighted. Helium is generally used as washing inert gas and preferably the washing gas and the carrier gas are the same. The use of an inert gas for washing the sample before the analysis allows to perform combustion in an environment totally deprived of air or of other elements that can affect the analytical result. The inert gas is moreover fed at a pressure exceeding the atmospheric pressure or in any case such as to ensure the sealing of the device with respect to the external atmosphere. As better shown in figure 4, the washing gas is fed through a port 19 of a first duct 20 communicating with the duct 17 inside the body 9. The duct 17 allows the washing gas to flow into the front interstice of the seat where the body 9 is positioned. The duct 16 allows the washing gas to flow into the housing 11 of the sample while the duct 19 and the O - ring housing are in communication. In this way the backside of the body 9 is pneumatically connected to the duct for feeding washing gas, so as to obtain perfect sealing under pressure of the analytical environement with respect to the atmosphere.

Claims: A device for feeding samples to an apparatus for combustion elemental analysis, of the type comprising supporting means provided with a housing (11) for the sample to be analyzed, said supporting means being movable from an external position where said housing receives the sample, to a position where said housing, isolated from the atmosphere, releases the sample into the analytical apparatus, characterized in that said supporting means is consisting of a sealing moving body (9) rotatable about its axis within a seat (1) having conjugated shape and size. A device according to claim 1, wherein said sealing moving body has a substantially truncated cone shape. A device according to claim 1, wherein said housing (11) is placed crosswise with respect to the rotation axis of the moving body (9). A device according to claim 1 or 3,wherein said housing (11) is alignable upstream with an inlet opening (2) for sample feeding, in contact with the atmosphere, and downstream with an opening (8), insulated from atmosphere, connected to the combustion reactor and coaxial to said inlet opening (2). A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said moving body (9) comprises one or more ducts (16-20) for circulating a washing gas for insulating said sample and housing (11) from the ambient air. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said moving body (9) comprises a channel (13) parallel to the axis of the truncated cone moving body, in which there are provided means (14,15) for visual inspection of the sample introduction into the analytical apparatus. A device according to claim 6, wherein said means comprise a sloping reflecting surface (14) placed in correspondence with the intersection between said channel (13) and said housing (11) for the sample, and a lens (15) placed within said channel in correspondence with the surface of the truncated cone body, facing a portion (12) of the external wall of the device made of transparent material. A device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein one or more rotatable disc means (3-6), each provided with a plurality of sample housings, are assembled above the housing (11) for the sample and are moved forward step by step thanks to transmission means (10) synchronized with the movement of rotation of the body (9). A device according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a pneumatic actuator (10) for controlling the rotational movement of the moving body and of said rotatable discs.

Inventors: BACCANTI MARCO, BASSI ELIO, MAGNI PAOLO, RENA CAMILLO, BACCANTI, MARCO, BASSI, ELIO, MAGNI, PAOLO, RENA, CAMILLO
Applicants: THERMOQUEST ITALIA SPA, THERMOQUEST ITALIA S.P.A.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G01N1
IPC codes: G01N1, G01N35, B01L1