Air-conditioning apparatus

Abstract: In a multiroom air-conditioning apparatus, refrigerant flow between plural outdoor side units is controlled so that abnormality (lack or excess) of refrigerant amount in an outdoor side unit in operation is redressed. For example, when surplus refrigerant exists in an outdoor side unit, the refrigerant flow is so controlled that the surplus refrigerant is pushed out (flow out) into an outdoor side unit in non-operation. In addition, the output of the air-conditioning apparatus is smoothly variable (controllable) in accordance with an air-conditioning load over the whole air-conditioning load range from the minimum (zero) load to the maximum load.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an air-conditioning apparatus having at least one room unit (indoor side unit) and plural outdoor side units which are connected in parallel to an inter-unit pipe extending from the room unit. 2. Description of Related Art A multiroom air-conditioning apparatus for simultaneously cooling or heating a plurality of rooms of a building has been generally known. This multiroom air-conditioning apparatus is disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2-85656, and is so constructed that a plurality of outdoor side units each having a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, etc. are arranged so as to be connected in parallel to an inter-unit pipe connected to each room unit. This type of multiroom air-conditioning apparatus has an advantage that realization of a large-capacity system can be promoted for such an apparatus. This air-conditioning apparatus corresponds to the preamble of claim 1. This type of multiroom air-conditioning apparatus has been conventionally so designed that a refrigerant flow between each outdoor side unit and each indoor side unit (room unit) is controlled through closing and opening operations of a valve, and the closing and opening operations of each valve are carried out with an individual controller which is individually provided to each outdoor side unit. In this construction, alteration of the number of outdoor side units or indoor side units to be connected necessarily requires the control operation (program) of each outdoor side unit to be individually altered, or requires each of the individual controllers itself to be replaced by another. Therefore, the conventional multiroom air-conditioning apparatus has had a disadvantage that the individual controllers can not be fixedly used without t modification or replacement in any status. Further, in the conventional multiroom air-conditioning apparatus thus constructed, the same refrigerant flows in or out over plural outdoor side units which are arranged in parallel in the same system. Therefore, there occurs a problem that in a case where the refrigerant is partially trapped (naturally stocked) in an outdoor side unit located adjacently to an outdoor side unit in operation, the outdoor side unit in operation lacks the refrigerant, and a so-called "gas-lacking state" occurs in the outdoor side unit in operation. In addition, in a case where a large amount of refrigerant concentratively flows into an outdoor side unit, there occurs a problem that surplus refrigerant is liable to be trapped in an outdoor heat exchanger, etc. of the outdoor side unit. For example, when the refrigerant is trapped in the outdoor heat exchanger in a cooling operation, liquefaction of the refrigerant is depressed because a heat-discharge area is reduced. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of this invention is to provide an air-conditioning apparatus in which outdoor side units can be fixedly used without modification or replacement in any status, and even when an outdoor side unit in operation lacks refrigerant, refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant-lacked outdoor side unit in operation to adjust the refrigerant amount of the outdoor side unit to a proper value, and a control method for the air-conditioning apparatus. Another object of this invention is to provide an air-conditioning apparatus in which when surplus or excessive refrigerant exists or trapped in an outdoor side unit, the surplus refrigerant is discharged from the outdoor side unit to another outdoor side unit to adjust the refrigerant amount of the outdoor side unit having the surplus or excessive refrigerant to a proper value. and a control method for the air-conditioning apparatus. Another object of this invention is to provide an air-conditioning apparatus in which the output of the air-conditioning apparatus can be smoothly controlled over the air conditioning load range from its minimum (zero) load to its maximum load. These objects are solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are described in the sub-claims. According to the air-conditioning apparatus thus constructed, not only the individual control means for individually controlling each outdoor side unit, but also the central control means for collectively controlling the individual means are equipped, so that the alteration of the control operation (control program) in accordance with the alteration of the number of the interconnected outdoor side units or indoor side units can be made by merely altering the control operation (control program) of the central control means. Therefore, it is not necessary to individually alter the control operation (control program) of each individual control means or replace each individual control means by another, and thus the individual control means can be fixedly and commonly usable for any case. Further, the air-conditioning apparatus may be equipped with a return pipe for returning lubricating oil separated in a oil separator of each outdoor side unit to a compressor, the return pipe being connected through a fluid flowing passageway to a return pipe of another outdoor side unit, and a first refrigerant withdrawing passageway for connecting the fluid flowing passageway to the outdoor heat exchanger, the first refrigerant withdrawing passageway having an opening and closing valve which serves to control the refrigerant and/or lubricating oil flow therethrough between the outdoor side units so that the excess or lack state of the refrigerant and/or lubricating oil amount which will obstruct the operation of an outdoor side unit is redressed when the excess or lack of the refrigerant and/or lubricating oil amount in the outdoor side unit is detected. For example, when an outdoor side unit in operation suffers a refrigerant-lacking state which will obstruct the operation thereof, the opening and closing valve is so controlled that a proper amount of refrigerant trapped in another outdoor side unit in non-operation is fed to the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit through the opening and closing operation of the opening and closing valve. Still further, the air-conditioning apparatus may be equipped with a refrigerant adjusting container in a refrigerant pipe of each outdoor side unit, a second refrigerant withdrawing passageway through which the refrigerant adjusting container is connected to the fluid flowing passageway, and a third refrigerant withdrawing passageway through which the fluid flowing passageway is connected to a discharge pipe of the compressor, each of the second and third refrigerant withdrawing passageway being equipped with an opening and closing valve through which a part of high-pressure refrigerant in an outdoor side unit in operation, suffering a refrigerant-lacking state which will obstruct the operation thereof, is fed to a refrigerant adjusting container of a refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit. According to the air-conditioning apparatus thus constructed, when an outdoor side unit suffers the refrigerant-lacking state which will obstruct the operation thereof, the air-conditioning apparatus is so controlled that the refrigerant is withdrawn from an outdoor side unit in non-operation to the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit. Therefore, the lack of the refrigerant in the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit can be redressed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a multiroom air-conditioning apparatus of this invention; Fig. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow in a refrigerant withdrawing operation in a cooling operation of a second embodiment; Fig. 3 is a flowchart for a refrigerant withdrawing process in a cooling operation; Fig. 4 is a flowchart for a refrigerant withdrawing process in a heating operation; Fig. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow in a refrigerant withdrawing operation in a heating operation of the second embodiment; Fig. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a third embodiment of this invention; Fig. 7 is a flowchart for a process in the cooling operation of the third embodiment; Fig. 8 is a flowchart for a process in the heating operation of the third embodiment; Fig. 9 shows a table showing an opening and closing status of each opening and closing valve; Fig. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the multiroom air-conditioning apparatus of this invention; Fig. 11 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the refrigerant flow in a refrigerant stocking operation in the cooling operation; Fig. 12 is a flowchart for a refrigerant stocking process in the cooling operation; Fig. 13 is a flowchart for a refrigerant stocking process in the heating operation; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments according to this invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to simplify the description of this invention, two outdoor side units and one indoor side unit are representatively illustrated in the figures, however, the number of the outdoor side units and the number of the indoor side units are not limited to two and one respectively, and any number of outdoor side units and indoor side units may be used for this invention. In Fig. 1, reference numerals 1 1 and 1 2 represent outdoor side units, and a reference numeral 3 represents an indoor side unit (room unit). The outdoor side unit 1 1 comprises an accumulator 10 1 , a compressor 11 1 , an oil (refrigerant-lubricating oil) separator 12 1 , a four-way change-over valve 13 1 , an outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 , an outdoor electrical expansion valve 15 1 , and a refrigerant adjusting container 16 1 . A reference numeral 80 represents an oil surface sensor (detection means) provided at a side portion of the compressor 11 1 . The sensor 80 is provided with a float (not shown), and serves to detect the amount of lubricating oil in the compressor 11 1 to output a detection value to the individual controller 61 1 . A reference numeral 17 1 represents a cooling blower for the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 . The construction of the outdoor side unit 1 2 is substantially identical to that of the outdoor side unit 1 1 , containing a construction as described below, and thus the description thereof is eliminated from the following description. The indoor side unit 3 comprises an indoor heat exchanger 34 and an indoor electrical expansion valve 35 (hereinafter referred to as "indoor mechanical valve"). The indoor side unit 3 is provided with an inter-unit pipe comprising a gas pipe 5 and a liquid pipe 7 which extend from the indoor side unit 3, and the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are connected in parallel to the inter-unit pipe. As not shown, plural outdoor side units 3 each having the above construction are arranged so as to be connected to the inter-unit pipe of each indoor unit in parallel. The oil separator 12 1 serves to separate or extract lubricating oil from mixture of refrigerant and lubricating oil which is discharged from the compressor 11 1 , and the separated lubricating oil is returned through return pipes (oil withdrawing passageways) 21 1 and 22 2 to the compressor 11 1 . The return pipe 21 1 is provided with opening and closing valves 23 1 and 25 1 for controlling the lubricating oil flow between the oil separator 12 1 and the compressor 11 1 through its opening and closing operation. The return pipe 21 1 is connected to a suck-in pipe of the compressor 11 1 through a pipe 65. The return pipes 21 1 and 21 2 of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are connected through a refrigerant flowing passageway (hereinafter referred to as a balance pipe") 51 to each other. The balance pipe 51 is connected to the four-way change-over valve 13 1 and a check valve 18 1 through a refrigerant withdrawing passageway (hereinafter referred to as "third auxiliary pipe") 53 1 , and the third auxiliary pipe 53 1 is provided with a third opening and closing valve 55 1 for controlling refrigerant flow through the third auxiliary pipe 53 1 . The balance pipe 51 is intercommunicated to the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 when the third opening and closing valve 55 1 is opened and the four-way change-over valve 13 1 is switched to a switch position as indicated by a solid line of Fig. 1. That is, a passageway extending from the third auxiliary pipe 53 1 through the four-way change-over valve 13 1 to the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 serves as a first refrigerant withdrawing passageway (hereinafter referred to as " first auxiliary pipe") through which the balance pip@e 51 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 . The refrigerant adjusting container 16 1 is connected to the balance pipe 51 through a second refrigerant withdrawing passageway (hereinafter referred to as "second auxiliary pipe") 57 1 , and the second auxiliary pipe 57 1 is provided with a second opening and closing valve 59 1 . The liquid pipe 7 of the refrigerant controller 16 1 is provided with an opening and closing valve 60 1 . The opening and closing valve 60 1 comprises an unidirectional electromagnetic valve, and thus the liquid flow from the left side to the right side in Fig. 1 can not be intercepted. In Fig. 1, T 1 and T 2 represent temperature sensors for detecting temperature at the outlet and inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 34 respectively, and T 3 and T 4 represent temperature sensors for detecting temperature at the outlet and inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 (14 2 ). According to this embodiment, each of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 is provided with an individual controller 61 1 (61 2 ) for controlling the opening and closing operation of the various kinds of opening and closing valves in each outdoor side unit, and the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are independently driven by the individual controllers 61 1 and 61 2 , respectively. Each of the individual controllers 61 1 and 61 2 is connected to each of the temperature sensors T 3 and T 4 , and monitors variation of temperature through each temperature sensor. These individual controllers 61 1 and 61 2 , are connected to a central controller 63, and the operation thereof are collectively controlled by the central controller 63. With this construction, the alteration of the control operation of the whole system of the air-conditioning apparatus, which will be required in accordance with the alteration of the number of the outdoor side units or indoor side units, can be performed by merely altering the control operation (program) of only the central controller, so that it is not required to replace each individual controller itself or alter the control operation (program) of each individual controller. Therefore, the air-conditioning control can be performed for any case using merely about six kinds of individual controllers. That is, the individual controllers can be fixedly and commonly usable for any case. Next, the air-conditioning operation of the air-conditioning apparatus thus constructed will be described. When the four-way change-over valves 13 1 and 13 2 are swathed as indicated by a solid line of Fig. 1, the refrigerant flows in a direction as indicated by an arrow of Fig. 1. In this case, both of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are driven, the outdoor electrical expansion valves 15 1 and 15 2 are substantially fully opened, and the opening degree of the outdoor mechanical valve 35 is adjusted in accordance with an air-conditioning load. Therefore, each of the outdoor heat exchangers 14 1 and 14 2 serves as a condenser, and the indoor heat exchanger 34 serves as an evaporator. That is, a cooled air (wind) is fed from the indoor heat exchanger 34 (a cooling operation is carried out). On the other hand, when the four-way change-over valves 13 1 and 13 2 are switched as indicated by a dotted line of Fig. 1, the refrigerant flows in a direction opposite to the direction as indicated by the arrow. In this case, both of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are driven, and the opening degree of the indoor electrical expansion valves 15 1 and 15 2 and the indoor mechanical valve 35 are adjusted in accordance with the load. Therefore, each of the outdoor heat exchangers 14 1 and 14 2 serves as an evaporator, and the indoor heat exchanger 34 serves as a condenser. That is, a heated air (wind) is fed from the indoor heat exchanger 34 (a heating operation is carried out). In the cooling and heating operations as described above, for example when the lubricating oil amount of the compressor 11 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 is kept to a predetermined amount, the lubricating oil amount of the compressor 11 2 of the outdoor side unit 1 2 is below a predetermined amount and parts of the compressor 11 2 such as a rotor, etc. is about to be worn, the opening and closing valves 23 1 , 23 2 and 25 2 are opened, the opening and closing valve 25 1 is closed, and the lubricating oil which is separated in the oil separator 12 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 is guided through the balance pipe 51 to the compressor 12 2 of the outdoor side unit 12 2 . That is, the balance pipe 51 serves to keep the balance of lubricating oil amount between the respective compressors. This invention is characterized in that the refrigerant amount of each of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 is adjusted using the balance pipe 51, and the adjustment of the refrigerant amount will be hereunder described. In the air-conditioning apparatus as described above, when the refrigerant is trapped in an outdoor side unit in non-operation which is located adjacently to an outdoor side unit in operation, there may occur a case where the outdoor side unit in operation lacks the refrigerant and the gas(refrigerant)-lacking state is induced. In this case, according to this embodiment, a control operation for feeding the refrigerant from the refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit in non-operation to the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit in operation is carried out. This control operation is carried out by opening and closing the various kinds of control valves through the central controller 63 and the individual controllers 61 1 and 61 2 . This control operation in each of the cooling operation and the heating operation will be individually described in detail. The refrigerant is liable to be trapped in the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant adjusting controller, etc. of the outdoor side unit in non-operation, however, in order to simplify the description, a case where the refrigerant trapped particularly in the outdoor heat exchanger is fed to the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit will be representatively described. First, the control operation in the cooling operation will be described with reference to a flowchart as shown in Fig. 3. First, the air-conditioning operation is started (S1) to carry out a cooling operation (at a step S2), for example. At this time, it is judged whether the difference SH between the temperatures at the outlet and inlet of the indoor side unit is above 5°C (SH = T 1 - T 2 ≥ 5°C), or the opening degree of the indoor mechanical valve 35 is above 3/4 (opening degree ≥ 3/4) (at a step S3). When an outdoor side unit in operation lacks refrigerant, the amount of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 34 is reduced. Therefore, the flow-in refrigerant is heated to a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature (5°C) if quantity of heat to be supplied is constant. Further, since the amount of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 34 is reduced, the opening degree of the indoor mechanical valve 35 is increased to a value higher than a predetermined value (3/4), and thus a large amount of refrigerant is so controlled as to flow into the indoor heat exchanger 34. By detecting such a phenomenon at the step S3, it is judged whether an outdoor side unit in operation lacks the refrigerant. If the judgment at the step S3 is "No", the outdoor side unit in operation is judged not to lack the refrigerant, and thus the control of the cooling operation is continued. On the other hand, if the judgment at the step S3 is "Yes", the outdoor side unit in operation is judged to lack the refrigerant, and thus it is checked whether there exists an outdoor side unit in non-operation from which the refrigerant can be withdrawn (at a step S4). Here, if the judgment at the step S4 is "Yes", a control operation for withdrawing the refrigerant from the outdoor side unit in operation is executed (at a step S5). Concretely, as shown in Fig. 2, the opening and closing valve 25 1 and the opening and closing valve 60 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation are opened, and the third opening and closing valve 55 2 of the refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation is opened. The opening and closing operations of the various valves are shown in a table of Fig. 9. Here, in this case, the valves other than the above valves are closed. Through this opening and closing operation of the valves, since a passageway extending from the balance pipe 51 to the compressor 11 1 is originally kept under a lower pressure in the return pipe 21 1 of the compressor 11 1 in operation than a pressure in the outdoor side unit 1 2 , the refrigerant which has been trapped in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 2 , etc. of the outdoor side unit 2 in non-operation flows through the passageway extending from the outdoor heat exchanger 14 2 through the four-way change-over valve 13 2 and the third auxiliary pipe 53 2 to the balance pipe 51, that is, through the first auxiliary pipe and flows into the return pipe 21 1 of the compressor 11 1 in operation, as indicated by an arrow of Fig. 2. Therefore, the lack of the refrigerant in the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation is prevented, and thus no gas-lacking state occurs. When the outside air temperature T 0 exceeds about 10°C, it is preferable to drive a blower (fan) 17 2 for the outdoor heat exchanger 14 2 of the refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation. The driving of the blower 17 2 promotes gasification of the refrigerant, and thus the refrigerant can be more easily withdrawn. If at the step S4 (see Fig. 3) it is judged that there is no outdoor side unit in non-operation, there is no trapped refrigerant, and thus the driving capacity of the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit is lowered (at a step S6). If it is an outdoor side unit having a capacity-invariable compressor, the operation of the outdoor side unit is stopped while if it is an outdoor side unit having a compressor equipped with an inverter, the frequency of the compressor is lowered to lower the rotating speed of the compressor. The refrigerant withdrawing control operation as described above is continued for about three minutes (at a step S7). After lapse of three minutes, the judgment at the step S3 is carried out again (at a step S8). Here, if the judgment at the step S3 is "No", the refrigerant lack is judged to be redressed, so that the refrigerant withdrawing control at the step S5 is ended (at a step S9). On the other hand, it the judgment at the step S3 is "Yes", the refrigerant lack is judged not to be redressed, and thus the refrigerant withdrawing control at the step S5 is continued (at a step S10). However, at the step S10, the refrigerant withdrawing control is continued for about three minutes, and it is ended after three minutes elapse. A control time for the steps S5 and S6 extends to about six minutes, and thus the refrigerant can be estimated to be withdrawn during this control time. If the refrigerant lack occurs even in such a status, it is judged that no trapped refrigerant exists in the outdoor side unit in non-operation. Therefore, similarly at the step S6, the driving capacity of the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit is lowered (at a step S11). Next, the control operation in the heating operation will be described with reference to a flowchart as shown in Fig. 4. The different operations in the heating operation from those in the cooling operation are as follows. That is, the judgment of the refrigerant lack is made on the basis of the difference between the temperatures at the outlet and inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (SH = T 3 - T 4 ) (at steps S21 and 23), and the blower of the outdoor heat exchanger whose refrigerant is withdrawn is not driven in the refrigerant withdrawing control operation (at a step S22). If the blower is driven in the heating operation (in winter), the refrigerant would be liquefied by cold outside air, and thus it would be difficult to withdraw the refrigerant of the outdoor heat exchanger. In the heating operation, the four-way change-over valves 13 1 and 13 2 are switched as indicated by a solid line of Fig. 5, and the refrigerant to be withdrawn flows in a direction as indicated by a dotted line in the refrigerant withdrawing operation under the heating operation. In the embodiment as described above, the refrigerant trapped in the outdoor heat exchanger is withdrawn into the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit by utilizing the lower pressure (than the pressure in the outdoor side unit) of the passageway extending from the balance pipe 51 to the compressor 11 1 . In the following embodiment, the refrigerant trapped in the refrigerant adjusting container of an outdoor side unit in non-operation is fed (withdrawn) into a refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit by utilizing a part of high-pressure refrigerant of the outdoor side unit. Fig. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of this type of embodiment of the air-conditioning apparatus. According to this embodiment, when the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation lacks refrigerant, a part of the high-pressure refrigerant in the outdoor side unit 1 1 is fed into the refrigerant adjusting container of the refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation to push out refrigerant trapped in the refrigerant adjusting container of the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation to the compressor 11 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation. The air-conditioning control in the cooling operation of this embodiment will be first described with reference to Fig. 7. In Fig. 7, the air-conditioning operation is first started (at a step S31) to carry out the cooling operation (at a step S32). During the cooling operation, it is judged at a step S33 whether the temperature difference SH between the temperatures (T 1 , T 2 ) at the outlet and inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 34 is above 5°C (SH = T 1 - T 2 ≥ 5°C), or the opening degree of the indoor mechanical valve 35 is above 3/4 (opening degree ≥ 3/4). That is, at the step S33, it is judged whether the outdoor side unit in operation lacks refrigerant. If the judgment at the step S33 is "No", no refrigerant lack is judged, and thus the cooling control operation is continued without alteration. On the other hand, if the judgment at the step S33 is "Yes", the refrigerant lack is judged for the outdoor side unit in operation, and thus it is checked at a step S34 whether there exists an outdoor side unit in non-operation from which refrigerant can be withdrawn. Here, if the judgment at the step S34 is "Yes", a refrigerant push-out (flow-out) control operation is executed at a step S35 to push out the refrigerant trapped in the outdoor side unit in non-operation. Concretely, as shown in the table of Fig. 10, the third opening and closing valve 55 and the opening and closing valve 60 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation are opened, and the opening and closing valve 60 2 of the refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation is opened. Through this operation, as shown in Fig. 6, a part of the high-pressure refrigerant which is discharged from the compressor 11 1 is passed through the check valve 18 1 , the third auxiliary pipe 53 1 and the balance pipe 51 and flows into the refrigerant adjusting container 16 2 of the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation. The refrigerant which has been trapped in the refrigerant adjusting container 16 2 is pushed out by the refrigerant just flowing into the refrigerant adjusting container 16 2 , and flows through the indoor side unit 3 and the liquid pipe 5 into the suck-in side of the compressor 11 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation. Through this control operation, the refrigerant lack of the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation is redressed, and thus the gas-lacking state is not induced. If the no existence of the outdoor side unit in non-operation is judged at the step S34 (see Fig. 7), there is no trapped refrigerant, and thus the driving capacity of the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit is lowered (at a step S36). If it is an outdoor side unit having a capacity-invariable compressor, the operation of the outdoor side unit is stopped. If it is an outdoor side unit having a compressor with an inverter (capacity-variable compressor), the frequency of the compressor is reduced to lower the rotating speed of the compressor. This refrigerant push-out control operation is continued for about three minutes (at a step S37). After three minutes elapse, the judgment at the step S33 is made again (at a step S38). If the judgment at the step S33 is "No", the refrigerant lack is judged to have been redressed, and thus the refrigerant push-out control at the step S35 is ended (at a step S39). On the other hand, if the judgment at the step S33 is "Yes", the refrigerant lack is judged not to have been redressed, and thus the refrigerant push-out control at the step S35 is continued (at a step S40). However, at the step S40, the refrigerant push-out control operation is continued for about three minutes, and then ended. The control time at the steps S35 and S40 extend to about six minutes, and thus the refrigerant is expected to have been pushed out (flown out). If the refrigerant lack occurs even in such a status, it is judged that there is no trapped refrigerant in the outdoor side unit, so that similarly to the step S36, the driving capacity of the refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit is lowered (at a step S41). Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing the air-conditioning operation in the heating operation of this embodiment. The different step of the heating operation from that of the cooling operation as shown in Fig. 7 resides in that the judgment of the refrigerant lack is made on the basis of the temperature difference between the temperatures at the outlet and inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger (SH = T 3 - T 4 ) (at steps S51 and S53). The other steps are identical to those of Fig. 7. Particularly in the heating operation, execution of the refrigerant withdrawing control for withdrawing refrigerant from an outdoor side unit as shown in Fig. 2 is more effective. In the cooling operation, it is more effective that the refrigerant push-out control as shown in Fig. 6 is first carried out and the refrigerant withdrawing control for withdrawing refrigerant from an outdoor side unit as shown in Fig. 2 is carried out when the refrigerant withdrawal is insufficient. The control operation as described above relates to the control operation for the refrigerant lacking case. The same control operation is also applicable to a lubricating oil lacking case. That is, when an outdoor side unit in operation lacks lubricating oil, the lubricating oil can be withdrawn from an outdoor side unit in non-operation through the above control operation. The opening and closing operation of each valve for the lubricating oil withdrawing control is also shown in the table of Fig. 9. The embodiments as described above relate to the refrigerant supply control for supplying refrigerant to a refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit. However, this invention is also applicable to a refrigerant removal control for removing refrigerant from a refrigerant-excessive (surplus) outdoor side unit. Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of the air-conditioning apparatus in which the refrigerant removal control can be performed. The different point from the refrigerant circuit as shown in Fig. 1 resides in that the suck-in pipe of the compressor 11 1 and the pipe connected to the refrigerant adjusting container 16 1 are connected through a pipe 67, and the pipe 67 is provided with an opening and closing valve 69 1 . The other elements of this embodiment are substantially identical to those of Fig. 1. In Fig. 10, T 1 represents a sensor for detecting a condensation temperature of the outdoor side unit 14 1 , 14 2 in the cooling operation, and T 2 represents a sensor for detecting a temperature at the outlet of the outdoor side unit 14 1 , 14 2 in the cooling operation. Next, the air-conditioning operation of this embodiment will be described. When the four-way change-over valves 13 1 and 13 2 are switched as indicated by an solid line of Fig. 10, refrigerant flows in a direction as indicated by an arrow of Fig. 10. In this case, both of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are driven, the outdoor electrical expansion valves 15 1 and 15 2 are substantially fully opened, and the indoor mechanical valve 35 is adjusted in its opening degree in accordance with an air-conditioning load. Therefore, each of the outdoor heat exchangers 14 1 and 14 2 serves as a condenser, and the indoor heat exchanger 34 serves as an evaporator. That is, the cooled air is supplied from the indoor heat exchanger 34 (the cooling operation is carried out). On the other hand, when the four-way change-over valves are switched as indicated by a dotted line of Fig. 10, the refrigerant flows in a direction opposite to the direction as indicated by the arrow. In this case, both of the outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are driven, and the electrical expansion valves 15 1 and 15 2 and the indoor mechanical valve 35 are adjusted in their opening degree in accordance with the air-conditioning load. Therefore, each of the outdoor heat exchangers 14 1 and 14 2 serves as an evaporator, and the indoor heat exchanger 34 serves as a condenser. That is, the heated air is supplied from the indoor heat exchanger 34 (the heating operation is carried out). In the air-conditioning apparatus, plural outdoor side units 1 1 and 1 2 are connected in parallel to one another in the same system through which the same refrigerant flows. Therefore, when a large amount of the refrigerant concentratively or deviationally flows into an outdoor side unit, a case may occur where surplus or excessive refrigerant is trapped in an outdoor heat exchanger, etc. of an outdoor side unit and the operation of the outdoor side unit is obstructed. For example, if the surplus refrigerant is trapped in an outdoor heat exchanger in the cooling operation, the heat-discharge area of the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced, so that the liquefaction of the refrigerant is depressed. However, according to this embodiment, this problem can be overcome. As shown in Fig. 11, on the assumption that an outdoor side unit in non-operation exists, when surplus refrigerant occurs in an outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation, the air-conditioning control is so made that the surplus refrigerant is fed to the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation. In this case, the opening and closing operation of each of the control valves is controlled by the central controller 63 and the individual controllers 61 1 and 61 2 . This control operation under the cooling operation will be first described with reference to a flowchart of Fig. 12. The air-conditioning operation is started (at a step S101) to carry out the cooling operation (at a step S102), and it is judged at a step S103 whether the difference SC between the condenser temperature (T 1 ) of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 , and the temperature (T 2 ) at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 is above 15°C (SC(T 1 - T 2 ) ≥ 15°C). That is, at the step S103, the subcooling degree of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 is diagnosed on the basis of the status (SC ≥ 15 °C), and if SC ≥ 15°C, the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 is judged to have surplus refrigerant. If the judgment at the step S103 is "No", the surplus refrigerant is judged not to exist, and thus the cooling operation is continued. On the other hand, if the judgment at the step S103 is "Yes", the surplus refrigerant is judged to exist in an outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation, and thus it is checked at a step S104 whether there is an outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation into which the refrigerant flows. Here, if the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation exists, a surplus-refrigerant stocking control for stocking the surplus refrigerant into the outdoor side unit 1 2 is executed (at a step S5). Concretely, as shown in Fig. 11, the opening and closing valve 60, of the outdoor side unit 1 2 is opened, and the opening and closing valves 59 2 and 69 2 and the electrical expansion valve 15 2 are closed. Through this opening and closing operation, as shown in Fig. 11, the surplus refrigerant stocked in the outdoor side unit 1 1 (the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 , etc.) flows from the liquid pipe 7 through the opening and closing valve 60 2 into the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation as indicated by a dotted line of Fig. 11. At this time, the opening and closing valves 59 2 and 69 2 and the electrical expansion valve 15 2 are closed, and thus the surplus refrigerant is stocked into the refrigerant adjusting container 16 2 of the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation. Through this operation, even when the surplus refrigerant is stocked in the outdoor side unit 1 1 in operation, the surplus refrigerant is controlled to flow into the refrigerant adjusting container 16 2 of the outdoor side unit 1 2 in non-operation to thereby prevent the surplus refrigerant from being stocked in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 1 of the outdoor side unit 1 1 . Therefore, reduction of the heat-discharge area of the outdoor heat exchanger is prevented, thereby overcoming the disadvantage of the conventional air-conditioning apparatus that the liquefaction of the refrigerant is depressed. Referring to Fig. 12 again, if it is judged at the step S104 that there is no outdoor side unit in non-operation, there is no outdoor side unit into which the refrigerant is stocked, and thus the driving capacity of the refrigerant-surplus outdoor side unit is lowered (at a step S106). If it is an outdoor side unit having a capacity-invariable compressor, the operation of the outdoor side unit is stopped. If it is an outdoor side unit having a compressor with an inverter, the frequency is lowered to reduce the rotating speed of the compressor. The refrigerant stocking control as described above is continued for about three minutes (at a step S107). After three minutes elapse, the judgment at the step S103 is made again (at a step S108). Here, if the judgment at the step S103 is "No", the surplus refrigerant is judged not to exist, and thus the refrigerant stocking control at the step S105 is ended (at a step S109). On the other hand, if the judgment at the step S103 is "Yes", the surplus refrigerant is judged to exist, and thus the refrigerant stocking control at the step S105 is continued (at a step S110). At the step S110, the refrigerant stocking control is continued for about three minutes, and then ended. The control time for the steps S105 and S110 extends to about six minutes, and thus the surplus refrigerant is expected to be stocked into the outdoor side unit in non-operation during this control time. If the surplus refrigerant is judged to exist in the outdoor side unit in operation in such a status, the outdoor side unit in non-operation is considered to have no space in which the surplus refrigerant is stocked, so that similarly to the step S106, the driving capacity of the outdoor side unit in operation is lowered (at a step S111). Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing the control operation under the heating operation, and the different step of Fig. 13 from that of Fig. 12 resides in that the judgment of presence of the surplus refrigerant is made on the basis of the opening degree of the indoor mechanical valve (at steps S121 and 123). When the surplus refrigerant is stocked into the outdoor side unit in non-operation, the refrigerant may be stocked not only into the refrigerant adjusting container of the outdoor side unit in non-operation, but also into the outdoor heat exchanger thereof.

Claims: An air-conditioning apparatus, including: at least one indoor side unit (3) having an inter-unit pipe (5, 7) extending therefrom; plural outdoor side units (1) which are connected in parallel to said inter-unit pipe (5, 7) extending from said indoor side unit (3); opening and closing means (23, 25, 55, 59, 60) which is provided to each of said outdoor side units and serves to control refrigerant flow between said indoor side unit (3) and said outdoor side unit (1) through an opening and closing operation thereof; characterized by: individual control means (61) which is provided to each of said outdoor side units (1) and serves to control the opening and closing operation of said opening and closing means; detection means (80) for detecting excess or lack state of refrigerant amount and/or lubricating oil amount in an outdoor side unit (1), which will obstruct the operation of said outdoor side unit; and central control means (63) for collectively controlling each of said individual control means (61) of said plural outdoor side units (1) to adjust the amount of the refrigerant and/or lubricating oil flowing among said plural outdoor side units (1), so that the excess or lack state of the refrigerant and/or lubricating oil amount of said outdoor side unit is redressed. The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further including a refrigerant flowing passageway (51) which is provided between said outdoor side units (1) and through which refrigerant and lubricating oil can flow between said plural outdoor side units. The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein each of said outdoor side units comprises a compressor (11) for compressing the refrigerant, an oil separator (12) for separating lubricating oil from the refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger (14) for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and an outside air, a first refrigerant withdrawing passageway (53) through which said outdoor heat exchanger (14) and said refrigerant flowing passageway (51) are intercommunicated with each other, and an oil withdrawing passageway (21) through which said oil separator (12) and said refrigerant flowing passageway (51) are intercommunicated with each other. The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said first refrigerant withdrawing passageway (53) has an opening and closing valve (55) for controlling the refrigerant flow between said outdoor heat exchanger (14) and said refrigerant flowing passageway (51) through an opening and closing operation thereof, the operation of said opening and closing valve being controlled on the basis of the detection of excess or lack of refrigerant amount by said control means (80). The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the excess or lack of refrigerant amount and/or lubricating oil amount in an outdoor side unit (1) is detected by said central control means (63), said central control means (63) controls said opening and closing means and said opening and closing valve (55) to allow the refrigerant and/or lubricating oil to flow between said outdoor side unit (1 1 ) suffering the excess or lack state of the refrigerant amount and/or the lubricating oil amount and a predetermined outdoor side unit (1 2 ) in such a direction that the excess or lack of the refrigerant amount and/ or the lubricating oil amount is redressed. The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said oil withdrawing passageway (21) has an opening and closing valve (23) for controlling the flow of the lubricating oil between said oil separator (12) and said refrigerant flowing passageway (51) through an opening and closing operation thereof, and the driving of the said opening and closing valve (23) is controlled on the basis of the detection of the excess or lack of the refrigerant amount by said central control means (63). The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said outdoor side unit (1) further includes a refrigerant adjusting container (16), a second refrigerant withdrawing passageway (57) intercommunicating said refrigerant adjusting container (16) and said first refrigerant withdrawing passageway (53) for allowing the refrigerant to flow therebetween, and a third refrigerant withdrawing passageway intercommunicating said first refrigerant withdrawing passageway (53) and a suck-in pipe of said compressor (11) for allowing the refrigerant to flow therebetween, each of said second and third refrigerant withdrawing passageways having an opening and closing valve (25, 57) for controlling refrigerant flow therethrough, and the driving of said opening and closing valve being controlled on the basis of the detection of the excess or lack of the refrigerant amount by said central control means (63). The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein when a refrigerant-lacing state is detected for an outdoor side unit, said central control means (63) controls said opening and closing means (60) and said opening and closing valve (55) so that a part of high-pressure refrigerant in said refrigerant-lacking outdoor side unit (1) is fed from said first refrigerant withdrawing passageway (53) of said outdoor side unit through said refrigerant flowing passageway (51) to said refrigerant adjusting container (16) of a refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit (1) to push out the refrigerant trapped in said refrigerant-trapped outdoor side unit. The air-conditioning apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said detection means comprises a first sensor (T 3 ) for detecting a condensation temperature of said outdoor heat exchanger and a second sensor (T 4 ) for detecting a temperature at the outlet of said outdoor heat exchanger, the excess or lack state of the refrigerant amount in said outdoor side unit being detected on the basis of the difference between the detected temperatures by said first and second sensors.

Inventors: KAMIMURA ICHIRO, NAGAE KOUJI, OOKUBO TAKESHI, SEKIGAMI KUNIE, SHIINA TAKAO, SHIMURA KAZUHIRO, KAMIMURA, ICHIRO, NAGAE, KOUJI, OOKUBO, TAKESHI, SEKIGAMI, KUNIE, SHIINA, TAKAO, SHIMURA, KAZUHIRO
Applicants: SANYO ELECTRIC CO, SANYO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: F24F11
IPC codes: F25B13, F24F3, F25B49