Image processing and communication apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus having the G4 method and the JPEG method allows for the selection of standard resolution (200dpi x 200 dpi) or precision resolution (400dpi x 400dpi) by using a resolution selection key of operation unit 26 in order to improve the operativity and extend the breadth of selection of image quality. For each selection of standard resolution or precision resolution, the resolution and code information for designating quantization table for use with JPEG are stored in RAM 16, with its memory area being backed up by a battery.

Description: The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and an image communication apparatus, and more specifically to an image processing apparatus and an image communication apparatus having a plurality of compression methods in which image information is compressed by a designated compression method. The compression methods of image information include, in addition to an MMR method for use with G4 facsimile apparatus, a method defined by JPEG (hereinafter referred to as JPEG method), and this JPEG method has widely spread in recent years. The JPEG method involves converting color image data by a transformation into frequency space, and quantizing and encoding the coefficients obtained by conversion. Both the JPEG method and the MMR method allow for the designation of resolution. Since the total number of pixels generally decreases with lower resolution, the total quantity of compressed data also decreases, while at the same time image quality is degraded with lower density of pixels. Conversely, with higher resolution, the quantity of image data after compressed increases, with the image quality improved. However, the JPEG method involves a quantization table, in addition to the resolution, as the factor for determining the image quality. The employment of a quantization table stressing high frequency components allows for the reproduction of fine variations in image with enhanced ability of reproducing high frequency components, resulting in improved image quality. Of course, the number of coefficients of high frequency components increases, and proportionally, the total quantity of image data after compression also increases. The use of a quantization table with high frequency components stressed has the same effect as if data were compressed at high resolution. With the spread of the JPEG method, a color facsimile apparatus has been devised in which transmission for color image information with the JPEG method is enabled by providing an encode/decode circuit of the JPEG method on a G4 facsimile apparatus. In one configuration, the apparatus allows for the selection of resolution with the MMR method by the use of a resolution selection key, but has a fixed quantization table when operating with the JPEG method. It should be noted that the resolution selection key is configured to be adapted to the MMR method, i.e., a transmission format of image data in G4 facsimile, but only allows for the selection from a plurality of fixed resolutions, such as 200dpi x 200dpi, 300dpi x 300dpi, and 400dpi x 400dpi. In the conventional configurations, no image quality adjusting ability by the selection of a quantization table when using the JPEG method has been utilized. It is known from US-A-4876604 to provide a facsimile apparatus which can handle both G3 and G4 data, in each case using the MMR method. Data for each type of transmission is made compatible with a common image memory by switched converting elements which transform the resolution of the data to a common standard. It is also known from IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference & Exhibition, Dallas, US, November 1989, pages 564 - 568, XP91157, WALLACE J.K. "THE ISO/CCITT STANDARD FOR CONTINUOUS-TONE IMAGE COMPRESSION" for the JPEG method to be defined in terms of a base line system and a number of extended system capabilities. It is also known from DE-A-4 034 540 to provide an apparatus capable of changing between colour and monochrome encoding. An object of the present invention is to provide an image processing apparatus in which at least one of the above-described problems has been solved. Also, it is another object of the invention to provide an image processing apparatus with improved operativity. It is a further object of the invention to provide an image compressor with the improved operativity. According to the present invention there is disclosed apparatus for use in image processing and communication comprising: encoding means selectively operable to encode image data according to a first encoding method including a converting process operable to transform the image data into frequency space and a quantization process for quantizing the transformed image data; the encoding means being further selectively operable to encode image data according to a second encoding method having encoding characteristics different from those of the first encoding method; and encoding selection means for selecting operation of the encoding means according to either the first encoding method or the second encoding method; characterised by further comprising setting means operable to set a quantization parameter of the quantization process of the first encoding method whereby the effect of the quantization process on the quality of the encoded image data is variable in dependence upon the setting of the quantization parameter. Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the ensuing description of embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic configurational block diagram of this embodiment. Fig. 2 is a view illustrating an operation panel face of an operation unit 26 in this embodiment. Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a quantization table stored in a memory 24. Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a resolution selection key management table. Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a register method for resolution selection key management table. Fig. 6 is a flowchart of the operation of image transmission. Fig. 7 is a view illustrating an operation panel face of an operation unit 26 in another embodiment. The preferred embodiments of the invention will be now described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic configurational block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a color facsimile apparatus to which the present invention is applied. 10 is a control circuit for controlling the whole, comprised of a CPU 12, a ROM 14 for storing programs for the CPU 12 and other constants, and a RAM 16 for use as storage area of a variety of variables. A part of the RAM 16, which is always backed up by a battery, is used to store a resolution selection key management table as will be described later. Such resolution selection key management table may be stored in an EPROM. 18 is an image reader for reading a color original for the output of a color image signal composed of R, G, and B, for example. 20 is an MMR encoding circuit for encoding monochrome data converted from the color image signal read by the image reader 18, and 22 is a color encoding circuit for color encoding the image read by the image reader 18 with reference to a quantization table 24 stored in a memory (ROM) 24, by JPEG method, i.e., after converting the color image signal into signals of brightness Y and chrominance U, V. The structure of the quantization table stored in the memory 24 will be described later. The present invention is not limited to the JPEG method, but is also applicable to any of compression methods which reduce the redundancy by quantization. 26 is an operation unit on which the user can input various commands to the control circuit 10, and 28 is a communication control circuit, connecting to a communication line, for effecting calling connection and disconnection, and image transmission. 30 is an MMR decoding circuit for decoding MMR encoded image information as received, and 32 is a color decoding circuit for decoding JPRG encoded image information as received. With the JPEG method, the quantization table used for encoding is transmitted along with encoded image information, which is then decoded in the receiver side using the quantization table received. The quantization table received from the partner is stored in a memory (RAM) 34. 36 is a printer for printing image decoded by the decoding circuits 30, 32, whether color print or monochrome print. The control circuit 10, MMR encoding circuit 20, color encoding circuit 22, operation unit 26, communication control circuit 28, MMR decoding circuit 30 and color decoding circuit 32 are interconnected with each other via a bus 38 or connected to necessary partners. Fig. 2 illustrates an example of an operation panel face for the operation unit 26. 40 is a G4/color selection key for selecting either G4 transmission or color transmission, wherein a light emitting diode (LED) 40a which lights on at the selection of G4 transmission and an LED 40b which lights on at the selection of color transmission are alternately turned on to select the transmission mode, every time such key is depressed. 42 is a resolution selection key for selecting either one of two resolutions, i.e., standard (200dpi x 200dpi) and precision (400dpi x 400dpi), this key being associated with an LED 42a which lights on at the selection of standard resolution and an LED 42b which lights on at the selection of precise resolution. 44 is a function key useful in registering a resolution selection key management table, and 46 is a ten key useful in making the dial input at the calling or registration of the resolution selection key management table. 48 is a start key for instructing the start of communication, 50 is a stop key for instructing the stop or interruption of communication, and 52 is a liquid crystal display for displaying input keys or various messages. Fig. 3 illustrates the structure of a quantization table stored in the memory 24 as shown in Fig. 1. In this embodiment, quantization tables #1 to #8 consisting of eight levels with respect to high frequency components are stored in the memory 24. Table #1 has less considered high frequency components but the highest compression ratio, and table #8 has much considered high frequency components. Each table consists of a quantization table for Y (brightness) and a quantization table for U, V (chrominance) in color space. Fig. 4 illustrates the format of a resolution selection key management table stored in the memory 16. The resolution selection key management table has preregistered therein data indicating which of the quantization tables #1 to #8 as shown in Fig. 4 is to be employed as selected by the resolution selection key 42 and within the receiving capacity of the apparatus of destination. The resolution selection key management table is comprised of eight bytes. Bytes #0, #2, #4, #6 register a code for designating the resolution (herein, "0" for 200dpi x 200dpi and "1" for 400dpi x 400dpi), and bytes #1, #3, #5, #7 register a code for designating the quantization table to be selected. Bytes #0 to #3 register a code for the selection of standard resolution with the resolution selection key 42, and bytes #4 to #7 register a code for the selection of precise resolution with the resolution selection key 42. The way of using the resolution selection key management table will be described below. Byte #0 has a registration of a resolution first inquired of the receiver when the standard resolution is selected by the resolution selection key 42. The embodiment as shown in Fig. 4 is set to ask the receiver side to have 400dpi x 400dpi (code "1") from the first time so as to make the most effective use of high resolution of G4 facsimile. Byte #1 has a registration of any of the table #1 to #8 indicating the designation number of quantization table corresponding to the resolution set at byte #0 (Fig. 3). In an example of Fig. 4, information specifying a quantization table #1 of Fig. 3 is registered. Byte #2 has a registration of a resolution (i.e., 200dpi x 200dpi (code "0")) which can be always sent with G4 for the selection of standard resolution by the resolution selection key 42, and byte #3 has a registration of the designation number of quantization table corresponding to the resolution set at byte #2 (Fig. 3). Byte #3 of Fig. 4 has a registration of code "2" designating the quantization table #2 of Fig. 3. Byte #4 has a registration of a resolution to be first inquired of the receiver when the precise resolution is selected by the resolution selection key 42. The embodiment as shown in Fig. 4 is set to ask the receiver side to have 400dpi x 400dpi (code "1") from the first time so as to make the most effective use of high resolution of G4 facsimile. Byte #5 has a registration of the designation number of quantization table corresponding to the resolution set at byte #4 (Fig. 3). In the example of Fig. 4, the quantization table #5 of Fig. 3 is specified. Byte #6 has a registration of a resolution (i.e., 200dpi x 200dpi (code "0")) which can be always sent with G4 when the standard resolution is selected by the resolution selection key 42, and byte #7 has a registration of the designation number of quantization table corresponding to the resolution set at byte #6 (Fig. 3). In the example of Fig. 4, the quantization table #6 of Fig. 3 is specified. An exemplary procedure for registering desired codes to the bytes #0 to #7 of the resolution selection key management table as shown in Fig. 4 will be described below. Fig. 5 shows an operation flowchart for the control unit 10. A program shown by this operation flowchart is stored in the ROM 14. If the procedure starts, first, a code "0" indicating 200dpi x 200dpi is automatically registered in bytes #2, #6 of Fig. 4. Herein, it is necessary to set a resolution receivable by all the G4 facsimile. Such an initial setting is shown at step S11 of Fig. 5. The procedure waits for a key input (S2), and if it is not a function key 44 (S3), dial inputting is performed (S4). That is, the user inputs a telephone number by the use of ten key 46. If the key input is determined to be a function key 44 (S3), "F_= " is displayed on a liquid crystal display 52, and the procedure waits for a key input (S5). Herein, if the input key is "1" (S6), a register process for "F1" or byte #0 is entered (S7). In the register process at S7, "F1=_" is displayed on the liquid crystal display 52, and the procedure waits for a key input, an input numeric value of one digit being displayed on the liquid crystal display 52 and registered in byte #0. After registration, the procedure returns to S2. If the key input at S5 is equal to "2", "3", "4", "5" or "6" (S10, S12, S14, S16), register process for byte #1, #3, #4, #5 or #7 is entered (S9, S11, S13, S15, S17), and an input value is registered in byte #1, #3, #4, #5 or #7. Of course, if a numeric value out of the input range in input, an error is displayed, and the register is rejected. It should be noted that the contents of table of Fig. 3 and the correspondence relation between the numeric value input into bytes #0, #2, #4, #6 and the resolution are described in a user manual for the apparatus or on the apparatus itself. In this way, necessary codes are registered in the resolution selection key management table as shown in Fig. 4. However, it is necessary to specify a resolution equal to or greater than that specified in byte #0 in at least byte #4 of the table of Fig. 4 to allow for the actual selection between standard resolution and precise resolution, and when the designated resolutions of both are equal, the quantization table designated in byte #5 must have more considered high frequency components than that designated in byte #1. The same applies to bytes #2, #3 and bytes #6, #7, but since the resolutions designated in bytes #2, #6 are set to be equal by the initial setting (S1) of Fig. 5, the quantization table designated in byte #7 must have more considered high frequency components than that designated in byte #3. Referring now to a flowchart of Fig. 6, the operation from the calling to the determination of encoding method, resolution and quantization table in the apparatus of this embodiment will be described below. Calling is made in accordance with the dial input, and the line is connected (S21). First, the paper size, resolution and encoding method within the ability of the receiver are confirmed (S22). This is included in, for example, a response RDCLP (Response Document Capability List Positive) in the document layer for the G4 facsimile protocol, but is not limitative to such G4 facsimile protocol, and may be other protocols. Herein, if G4 is selected by G4/color selection key 40 (S23), and the standard resolution is selected by resolution selection key 42 (S24), the flow transfers to S25, where an original is read at 200dpi x 200dpi and encoded by MMR encoding circuit 20 (S25) for the transmission. Or image data obtained by reading the original is processed into data of 200dpi x 200dpi. On the other hand, if G4 is selected by G4/color selection key 40 (S23), and precise resolution is selected by resolution selection key 42 (S24), and unless the receiver has sufficient receiving capacity at the precise resolution (400dpi x 400dpi) (S26), the flow transfers to S25, where an original is read at 200dpi x 200dpi and encoded by MMR encoding circuit 20 for the transmission (S25), as previously described. Also, if G4 is selected by G4/color selection key 40 (S23), precise resolution is selected by resolution selection key 42 (S24), and the receiver has sufficient receiving capacity at the precise resolution (400dpi x 400dpi) (S26), the flow transfers to S27, where an original is read at 400dpi x 400dpi and encoded by MMR encoding circuit 20 for the transmission (S27). On the other hand, if G4 is selected by G4/color selection key 40 (S23), and unless the apparatus of destination has sufficient color receiving capacity (S28), the flow transfers to S24, where G4 transmission is designated, and an original is read at 200dpi x 200dpi or 400dpi x 400dpi depending on the designated resolution (S24) and the receiving capacity of apparatus of destination (S26), and encoded by MMR encoding circuit 20 for the transmission (S25, S27), as previously described. Also, if G4 is selected by G4/color selection key 40 (S23), and the apparatus of destination has sufficient color receiving capacity (S28), the flow transfers to S29, where the resolution designated by resolution selection key 42 is investigated. If it is a standard resolution (S29), a comparison is made between the resolution registered in byte #0 for the resolution selection key management table (Fig. 4) and the resolution of the apparatus of destination. Then, if the apparatus of destination has sufficient receiving capacity (S30), as original is read at a resolution (400dpi x 400dpi) registered in byte #0 for the resolution selection key management table, and image data obtained by reading the original is encoded by color encoding circuit 22, in accordance with the JPEG method, using a quantization table with relatively high compression ratio registered in byte #1, and then transmitted. At S30, if the apparatus of destination is determined to have insufficient receiving capacity with respect to a resolution read from the resolution selection key table in accordance with the designation of standard resolution, and registered in byte #0 (S29, S30), an original is read at the resolution (200dpi x 200dpi) registered in byte #2 for the resolution selection key management table, and encoded by color encoding circuit 22 using a quantization table registered in byte #3 for the transmission (S32). Also, if precise resolution is selected by resolution selection key 42 (S29), a compariosn is made between the resolution (400dpi x 400dpi in Fig. 4) registered in byte #4 for the resolution selection key management table (Fig. 4) and the resolution of the apparatus of destination. Then, if the apparatus of destination has sufficient receiving capacity (S33), an original is read at a resolution registered in byte #4 for the resolution selection key management table, and encoded by color encoding circuit 22, in accordance with the JPEG method, using a quantization table registered in byte #5 and capable of reproducing image with relatively high image quality for the transmission (S34). Also, if the apparatus of destination has insufficient receiving capacity with the resolution registered in byte #4 and read in accordance with the designation of precise resolution (S29, S33), an original is read at a resolution (200dpi x 200dpi) registered in byte #6 for the resolution selection key management table, and encoded by color encoding circuit 22, using a quantization table registered in byte #7 for the transmission (S35). The embodiment having the MMR method and the JPEG method for the encoding has been described, but it will be appreciated that this embodiment may be applicable to image transmission apparatus utilizing other encoding methods. As above described, this embodiment makes it possible to change not only the resolution but also the quantization table for use with the JPEG method in color encoding by operating a switch 42 as shown in Fig. 2. Also, it is possible to change only the quantization table in color encoding, without changing the resolution. For this purpose, the switch 42 in the operation unit as shown in Fig. 2 may be displayed as "standard/high picture quality" as shown in Fig. 7. As will be easily understood from the above description, according to this embodiment, the image quality can be adjusted by the selection of quantization table with the resolution fixed. Since the quantization table can be selected substantially freely though the resolution can be only selected discretely, the selection range for the image can be extended. Also, since resolution selecting means is assignable with the resolution as well as the quantization table used, image information can be transmitted at a desired image quality with either of two encoding methods selected. The key operation in image transmission is simplified to provide improved operativity. According to this embodiment, it is possible to make encoding at a desired image quality under a plurality of encoding conditions such as, for example, resolution and quantization table, with simple selecting operation by designating means. Also, because the compatibility with the receiving capacity of the receiver is determined in predetermined priority, and the encoding is made under the encoding condition in higher priority as matched, image information can be encoded at as high an image quality as possible, resulting in the operation for image transmission being greatly simplified.

Claims: Apparatus for use in image processing and communication, comprising: encoding means (20;22) selectively operable to encode image data according to a first encoding method in first encoding means (22) including a converting means operable to transform the image data into frequency space and a quantization means for quantizing the transformed image data; the encoding means being further selectively operable to encode image data according to a second encoding method in second encoding means (20) having encoding characteristics different from those of the first encoding method; and encoding selection means (40) for selecting operation of the encoding means according to either the first encoding method or the second encoding method; characterised by further comprising setting means (42) operable to set a quantization parameter (TABLE #1-TABLE #8) of the quantization means of the first encoding means whereby the effect of the quantization process on the quality of the encoded image data is variable in dependence upon the setting of the quantization parameter. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the setting means is further operable to set the resolution of the encoded image data when the second encoding method is selected by the encoding selection means. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the setting means is further operable to set the resolution of the encoded image data when the first encoding method is selected by the encoding selection means. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the setting means is manually actuatable. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 comprising memory means (16) operable to store data determining the quantization parameter and/or resolution used in the first or second encoding method for each setting of the setting means. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 comprising means (44,46) for changing the data contained in the memory means. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 5 and 6 and comprising discriminating means (S26,S28) operable to compare the data stored in the memory means with an indication of the receiving capacity of a receiver connected to the apparatus, the discriminating means being operable in accordance with a predetermined priority to select the quantization parameter and/or resolution on the basis of the data stored in the memory means. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the quantization parameter defines which quantization table is selected from a set of predetermined quantization tables for use in the first encoding method and wherein the predetermined quantization tables define respective levels of high frequency content of the quantized data. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said first encoding method is a JPEG method. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said second encoding method is an MMR method. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim constituting a facsimile transmitting apparatus and comprising an image reader (18) operable to read an image and communication control circuit (28) operable to transmit encoded image data. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein the apparatus further comprises decoder means (30,32) operable to decode received facsimile transmissions. A method of operating an image processing apparatus comprising the steps of: encoding image data selectively according to either a first encoding method or a second encoding method, the first encoding method including a converting process operable to transform the image data into frequency space and a quantization process quantizing the transformed image data, the second encoding method encoding image data in accordance with encoding characteristics which are different from those of the first encoding method; characterised by setting a quantization parameter of the quantization process of the first encoding method whereby the effect of the quantization process on the quality of the encoded image data is variable in dependence upon the setting of the quantization parameter.

Inventors: MURAYAMA MASAHIRO, MURAYAMA, MASAHIRO
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H04N1
IPC codes: H04N1