Idle speed and fuel vapor recovery control system for internal combustion engine

Abstract: A control system (10) controls both engine idle speed and purge flow through a fuel vapor recovery system (86) into an air/fuel intake (54) of the engine. A bypass throttle valve (66) connected in parallel with a primary engine throttle (62) is controlled by a feedback variable related to a difference between actual idle speed and desired idle speed. Purge flow is reduced when the bypass throttle position falls below a dead band provided stoichiometric air/fuel control is maintained.

Description: The invention relates to idle speed control systems for motor vehicles having fuel vapor recovery systems coupled between the fuel system and engine air/fuel intake. Feedback idle speed control systems are known which control a bypass throttling device, connected in parallel with the primary engine throttle, in response to a difference between desired idling speed and actual idling speed. Such a system, in which an air/fuel vapor mixture from a fuel vapor recovery system is purged into the engine air/fuel intake manifold, is known from WO 90/13738. In this specification it is proposed to use the λ value (air/fuel ratio in the exhaust gases) as a variable in a method for diagnosing the proper operation of the fuel recovery system. The inventor of the present invention has recognised at least one problem with such idle control systems. When the fuel vapor recovery system is purged into the engine air/fuel intake during engine idle control, the purged flow may be greater than the airflow required for desired engine idling. Accurate control of engine idling speed may therefore be unachievable under all engine operating conditions. For example, the engine idle may surge even though the bypass throttling device is fully throttled. An object of the invention is to control both a bypass throttle and fuel vapor recovery system to achieve accurate engine idle speed control. The above object is achieved, and problems of prior approaches overcome, by a method for controlling engine idle speed as set forth in claim 1 and a control system as set forth in claim 7. This method and control system according to the invention have the advantage that accurate idle speed control is maintained while purging the fuel vapor recovery system into the engine air/fuel vapor intake. The invention will now be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment wherein the invention is used to advantage; and Figures 2-6 are high level flowcharts illustrating steps performed by a portion of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1. Controller 10 is shown in the block diagram of Figure 1 as a conventional microcomputer including: microprocessor unit 12; input ports 14; output ports 16; read only memory 18, for storing control programs; random access memory 20, for temporary data storage which may also be used for counters or timers; keep-alive memory 22, for storing learned values; and a conventional data bus. As described in greater detail later herein with particular reference to Figures 2-6, controller 10 controls operation of engine 28 by the following control signals: pulse width signal fpw for controlling liquid fuel delivery; purge duty cycle signal pdc for controlling fuel vapor recovery; and idle speed duty cycle signal ISDC for controlling engine idle speed. Controller 10 is shown receiving various signals from conventional engine sensors coupled to engine 28 including: measurement of inducted mass airflow (MAF) from mass airflow sensor 32; indication of primary throttle position (TP) from throttle position sensor 34; manifold absolute pressure (MAP), commonly used as an indication of engine load, from pressure sensor 36; engine coolant temperature (T) from temperature sensor 40; indication of engine speed (rpm) from tachometer 42; and output signal EGO from exhaust gas oxygen sensor 44 which, in this particular example, provides an indication of whether exhaust gases are either rich or lean of stoichiometric combustion. In this particular example, engine 28 is shown having EGO sensor 44 coupled to exhaust manifold 50 upstream of conventional catalytic converter 52. Intake manifold 58 of engine 28 is shown coupled to throttle body 54 having primary throttle plate 62 positioned therein. Bypass throttling device 66 is shown coupled to throttle body 54 and includes: bypass conduit 68 connected for bypassing primary throttle plate 62; and solenoid valve 72 for throttling conduit 68 in proportion to the duty cycle of idle speed duty cycle signal ISCDC from controller 10. Throttle body 54 is also shown having fuel injector 76 coupled thereto for delivering liquid fuel in proportion to the pulse width of signal fpw from controller 10. Fuel is delivered to fuel injector 76 by a conventional fuel system including fuel tank 80, fuel pump 82, and fuel rail 84. Fuel vapor recovery system 86 is shown including vapor storage canister 90, connected in parallel to fuel tank 80, for absorbing fuel vapors by activated charcoal contained within the canister. Fuel vapor recovery system 86 is shown connected to intake manifold 58 via electronically actuated purge control valve 88. In this particular example, the cross-sectional area of purge control valve 88 is determined by the duty cycle of actuating signal pdc from controller 10. During fuel vapor recovery, commonly referred to as vapor purge, air is drawn through canister 90 via inlet vent 92 thereby desorbing hydrocarbons from the activated charcoal. The mixture of purged air and recovered fuel vapors is inducted into manifold 58 via purge control valve 88. Concurrently, fuel vapors from fuel tank 80 are drawn into intake manifold 58 through valve 88. Referring now to Figure 2, a flowchart of the liquid fuel delivery routine executed by controller 10 for controlling engine 28 is now described. An open loop calculation of desired liquid fuel is first calculated in step 102. The measurement of inducted mass airflow (MAF) is divided by a desired air fuel ratio (AFd) which, in this particular example, is selected for stoichiometric combustion (14.7 lbs. air per 1 lb. fuel). After a determination is made that closed loop or feedback fuel control is desired (step 104), the open loop fuel calculation is trimmed by fuel feedback variable FFV to generate desired fuel signal Fd during step 106. The operation of controller 10 in generating fuel feedback variable FFV to maintain stoichiometric combustion is described later herein with particular reference to Figure 3. Purge compensation signal (PCOMP) is subtracted from desired fuel signal Fd during step 108 to generate modified desired fuel signal Fdm. As described later herein with respect to the routine executed by controller 10 shown in Figure 4, signal PCOMP represents the mass flow rate of fuel vapors inducted by engine 28 from fuel vapor recovery system 86. After correction by signal PCOMP, the modified desired liquid fuel (Fdm) is converted into fuel pulse width signal fpw for actuating fuel injector 76 (step 110). Accordingly, the liquid fuel delivered by fuel injector 76 is both trimmed by feedback from EGO sensor 44 and reduced in proportion to the mass of fuel vapors inducted per unit of time to maintain stoichiometric combustion. The air/fuel feedback routine executed by controller 10 to generate fuel feedback variable FFV is now described with reference to the flowchart shown in Figure 3. After a determination is made that closed loop (i.e., feedback) air/fuel control is desired in step 140, the desired air/fuel ratio (AFd) is determined in step 144. The proportional terms (Pi and Pj) and integral terms (Wi and Wj) of the proportional plus integral feedback control system described below are then determined in step 148. These proportional and integral terms are selected to achieve, on average, air/fuel operation at AFd. EGO sensor 44 is sampled in step 150 during each background loop of controller 10. When EGO sensor 44 is low (i.e., lean), but was high (i.e., rich) during the previous background loop (step 154), proportional term Pj is subtracted from signal FFV in step 158. When EGO sensor 44 is low, and was also low during the previous background loop, integral term Wj is subtracted from signal FFV in step 162. Accordingly, in this particular example of operation, proportional term Pj represents a predetermined rich correction which is applied when EGO sensor 26 switches from rich to lean. Integral term Wj represents an integration step to provide continuously increasing rich fuel delivery while EGO sensor 26 continues to indicate combustion lean of stoichiometry. When EGO sensor 44 is high, but was low during the previous background loop (step 174), proportional term Pi is added to signal FFV in step 182. When EGO sensor 44 is high, and was also high during the previous background loop, integral term Wi is added to signal FFV in step 178. Proportional terms Pi represents a proportional correction in a direction to decrease fuel delivery when EGO sensor 44 switches from lean to rich, and integral term Wi represents an integration step in a fuel decreasing direction while EGO sensor 44 continues to indicate combustion rich of stoichiometry. Referring now to Figure 4, the routine executed by controller 10 to generate purge compensation signal PCOMP is now described. When controller 10 is in closed loop or feedback air/fuel control (step 220), and vapor purge is enabled (step 226), signal FFV is compared to its reference or nominal value, which is unity in this particular example. If signal FFV is greater than unity (step 224), indicating a lean fuel correction is being provided, signal PCOMP is incremented by integration value Wp during step 236. The liquid fuel delivered to engine 28 is thereby decreased, or leaned, by Wp each sample time when signal FFV is greater than unity. When signal FFV is less than unity (step 246), integral value Wp is subtracted from signal PCOMP during step 248. Delivery of liquid fuel is thereby increased and signal FFV is again forced towards unity. In accordance with the above described operation, the purge compensation routine executed by controller 10 adaptively learns the mass flow rate of recovered fuel vapors. Delivery of liquid fuel is corrected by this learned value (PCOMP) as shown in Figure 2 to maintain stoichiometric combustion while fuel vapors are recovered or purged. Referring now to Figure 5, the idle speed feedback control routine performed by controller 10 is now described. Feedback or closed loop idle speed control (ISC) commences when preselected operating conditions are detected (see step 300). Typically such operating conditions are a closed primary throttle position and engine speed less than a preselected value thereby distinguishing closed throttle idling from closed throttle deceleration. Closed loop idle speed control continues for the time period during which selected engine operating conditions remain at preselected values. At the beginning of each idle speed control period (see step 302), a desired (or reference) idle speed DIS is calculated as a function of engine operating conditions such as engine speed (rpm) and coolant temperature (see step 306). The previous idle speed feedback variable ISFV is also reset to zero (see step 308) at the beginning of each idle speed control period. After the above described initial conditions are established, the following steps (310-328) are performed each background loop of controller 10. During step 310, the appropriate load operating cell is selected to receive idle speed correction. Controller 10 then calculates desired throttle position for bypass throttling device 66 (step 312). The desired idling speed DIS at the beginning of the idle speed control period is converted into a bypass throttle position, typically by a look-up table, and this initial throttle position is corrected by idle speed learned correction ISLC. In general, signal ISLC is based upon the error between the initial throttle position (derived from DIS) and the actual throttle position which feedback control maintained to operate at the desired idle speed DIS. During step 312, the corrected throttle position (desired or initial position corrected by signal ISLC) is further corrected by the idle speed feedback variable ISFV, the generation of which is described below. The idle speed duty cycle ISDC for operating solenoid valve 72 of bypass throttling device 66 is then calculated in step 316. This duty cycle moves the bypass throttle to the value calculated in step 312. Controller 10, in this one example of operation, provides a dead band with hysteresis around desired idle speed DIS in steps 320 and 322. When average engine speed is less than the dead band (DIS minus W1), idle speed feedback variable ISFV is increased by predetermined amount Wx in step 326. When average engine speed is greater than the dead band (DIS plus W2), ISFV is decreased by predetermined amount Wy in step 328. Accordingly, ISFV will appropriately increase or decrease the bypass throttle position (see step 312) to maintain, on average, desired idle speed DIS. The routine for controlling purge flow during engine idling is now described with reference to Figure 6. After fuel vapor recovery, or purge, is enabled (step 400), idle speed duty cycle ISDC is compared to a dead band in steps 402 and 404. If ISDC is less than the dead band (selected as 20% duty cycle in this example), the purge flow is decreased a predetermined increment in step 408. More specifically, the duty cycle of purge duty cycle signal pdc from controller 10 is decreased a predetermined percentage thereby decreasing purge flow through purge valve 88. When idle speed duty cycle ISDC is within the dead band (selected between 20% and 25% in this particular example), purge flow is unaltered provided EGO sensor 44 has switched states during predetermined time t2 (step 410). On the other hand, if EGO sensor 44 has not switched states during time t2, purge flow is decreased a predetermined amount (step 414). If idle speed duty cycle ISDC is greater than the dead band, increases in purge flow are enabled (steps 404 and 416). More specifically, purge duty cycle pdc is incremented when both idle speed duty cycle ISDC is above the dead band and EGO sensor 44 has changed states since the last background loop of controller 10. The above operation may also be described with reference to bypass throttle position because idle speed duty cycle ISDC determines bypass throttle position. For example, 25% idle speed duty cycle is substantially equivalent to 25% of the maximum bypass throttle position. In accordance with the above described operation, purge flow is maximized without impinging on the ability of the feedback idle speed control to maintain accurate control. Further, air/fuel transients are minimized while purging at a maximum rate during idle speed control. Although one example of an embodiment which practices the invention has been described herein, there are numerous other examples which could also be described. For example, analog devices, or discrete IC's may be used to advantage rather than a microcomputer.

Claims: A method for controlling idling speed of an engine (28) having a bypass throttle (66) connected in parallel to a primary engine throttle (62) and a purge flow through a vapor recovery system (86) into an air/fuel intake manifold (58) of the engine (28), comprising the step of: positioning the bypass throttle (66) to decrease any difference between a desired engine idle speed and actual engine idle speed; characterised by the further step of decreasing the purge flow when said bypass throttle position is less than a preselected fraction of a maximum bypass throttle position. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of enabling an increase in the purge flow when said bypass throttle position is greater than a predetermined fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position, said predetermined fraction being greater than said preselected fraction. A method as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the purge flow is increased when said bypass throttle position is greater than a predetermined fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position and feedback derived from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) indicates that desired air/fuel operation of the engine may be maintained while increasing in the purge flow. A method claimed in claim 3, wherein said step of decreasing the purge flow dependent upon said feedback further comprises a step of determining when said exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) switches from a state associated with exhaust gases rich of stoichiometric combustion to another state associated with exhaust gases lean of stoichiometric combustion. A method claimed in claim 3, wherein said step of decreasing the purge flow also decreases the purge flow when feedback from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) indicates engine air/fuel operation rich of stoichiometric combustion for a preselected time. A method claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising a step of inhibiting any increase in the purge flow when said bypass throttle position is between said preselected fraction and said predetermined fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position. A control system for controlling idling speed of an engine (28), comprising: a bypass throttle (66) connected in parallel to a primary engine throttle (62); idle speed control means (10) for positioning said bypass throttle (66) to decrease any difference between a desired engine idle speed and actual engine idle speed; an exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) having a first output state when exhaust gases are rich of stoichiometric combustion and a second output state when exhaust gases are lean of stoichiometric combustion; and a vapor recovery system (86) including a purge control means (88) for controlling purge flow through said vapor recovery system into an air/fuel intake manifold (58) of the engine (28), characterised in that, said purge control means decreases said purge flow when said bypass throttle position is less than a preselected fraction of a maximum bypass throttle position, and increases said purge flow when said bypass throttle position is greater than a predetermined fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position and said exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) has switched said output states during a predetermined time. A control system claimed in claim 7, wherein alterations to said purge flow by said purge control means (88) art inhibited when said bypass throttle position is greater than said preselected fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position and less than said predetermined fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position and said exhaust gas oxygen sensor has switched said output states during a preselected time. A control system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said purge control means (88) reduces said purge flow when said bypass throttle position is greater than said preselected fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position and less than said predetermined fraction of said maximum bypass throttle position and said exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) has maintained one of said output states during a preselected time. A control system as claimed in claim 7, further comprising an integral plus proportional controller responsive to said exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) for maintaining induction of liquid fuel at a value corresponding to stoichiometric combustion. A control system as claimed in claim 7, further comprising an integral plus proportional controller responsive to said exhaust gas oxygen sensor (44) for maintaining both induction of liquid fuel and recovered fuel vapors at a value corresponding to stoichiometric combustion.

Inventors: ORZEL DANIEL V, ORZEL, DANIEL V.
Applicants: FORD FRANCE, FORD MOTOR CO, FORD WERKE AG, FORD FRANCE S. A., FORD MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, FORD-WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Application year: 1993
Main classification: F02D31
IPC codes: F02D31, F02D41, F02M25