CONTACT OF MAGNET SWITCH AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD

Abstract: Contacting parts of the contact of a magnet switch for starters, whose heat-dissipating property are improved and whose manufacturing costs are suppressed from increasing. First holes (29a) are made in a plate (27) by a punch (28) having a plurality of protruding parts which are arranged respectively in mutually perpendicular directions at equal pitches P. The pitch P is twice as long as each side of the first holes (29a). Second holes (29b) are made through shifting the punch (28) in the longitudinal and lateral directions by a half P/2 of the pitch P with respect to the first holes (29a). Thereby, a checkered pattern is formed by the holes and protruding parts (26) where the holes are not made. Since the respective protruding parts (26) are independent of each other, they have high heat-dissipating properties, and their contact resistances are prevented from increasing due to high temperature. Thereby, the efficiency of the starter can be improved, and the cost of manufacturing the contacting parts can be suppressed from increasing by the easy hole making.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a contact assembly for a magnetic switch comprising a pair of fixed contact members and a plate-shaped moveable contact member adapted to be selectively connected across the fixed contact members, and a method for fabricating the same. The present invention particularly relates to a contact assembly for a magnetic switch suitable for use in a starter motor, and a method for fabricating the same. BACKGROUND ART In the magnetic switch of an automotive starter motor, a plunger is driven by selectively supplying electric current to an energization coil, and the resulting movement of the plunger shifts a pinion gear into mesh with a ring gear. A plate-shaped moveable contact member is integrally secured to a rod which is moved by the movement of the plunger, and the motor is electrically connected to a battery by selectively contacting this contact member across a pair of fixed contact members. In such a magnetic switch, when the switch is closed, a relatively large current flows through the switch, and the temperature of the contact surface tends to rise as a result of this electric current, thereby increasing the contact resistance and impairing the efficiency of the switch. Japanese utility model laid open publication No. 53-155060 discloses a contact assembly in which the contact surface is provided with a surface irregularity, and the state of contact is made stable by preventing slippage at the time of contact. By thus providing a surface irregularity in the contact surface, the effective surface area for heat dissipation is increased, and the heat is more efficiently removed from the contact surface. To optimise the efficiency of heat dissipation, each projection in the irregular contact surface is required to be separated from other projections. However, forming such surface irregularities will require punches having highly complex configurations, and it will increase the fabrication cost. FR-A-2371054 (which describes a contact assembly according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2) discloses an electric commutator having a separated pair of fixed copper contacts, and a copper bridging contact selectively connectable across the fixed contacts. The bridging contact comprises two spaced pairs of bosses for pressing against the fixed contacts. DE-A-946367 discloses a semiconductor for electrical circuits and apparatus in which one or more contact surfaces of semi-conductor material is provided with grooves which separate adjacent contact locations. JP-A-51-28341 discloses a vacuum type circuit interrupter having a stationary contact and a moveable contact enclosed within an evacuated chamber. The contacts are each provided with a thin veneer or discontinuous surface layer of a refractory material, which layer comprises spaced apart portions to provide a discontinuous cover between which portions of the contact are exposed. In view of such problems of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a contact assembly for a magnetic switch suitable for use in a starter motor which can improve the efficiency of heat dissipation from the contact surface without increasing the fabrication cost. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a contact assembly for a magnetic switch, the assembly comprising a pair of fixed contact members and a plate-shaped moveable contact member adapted to be selectively connected across the fixed contact members, characterised in that: a contact surface of at least one of the fixed contact members and the moveable contact member is provided with a first group of a plurality of spaced recesses and a second group of plurality of spaced recesses in a checker board pattern, the groups being formed in a mutually staggered relationship. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a contact assembly for a magnetic switch, the assembly comprising a pair of fixed contact members and a plate-shaped moveable contact member adapted to be selectively connected across the fixed contact members, characterised in that: a contact surface of at least one of the fixed contact members and the moveable contact member is provided with a first plurality of recesses and a second plurality of recesses, the second plurality of recesses being separated from the first plurality of recesses thereby defining a plurality of projections connected by narrowed parts. According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method according to claim 5. By thus providing a surface irregularity in a checker board pattern or a plurality of projections separated from each other in at least one of the fixed and moveable contact members, each projection in the surface irregularity can be separated from other projections. Thus, the interval between adjacent projections can be relatively large, and the necessary die or the punch can be easily fabricated. Furthermore, the pressing force required for the punching process can be made relatively small, and the fabrication cost can be reduced. In particular, when these projections are provided with polygonal forms, they can be easily fabricated by machining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a partly broken away sectional side view of an essential part of an automotive starter motor to which the present invention is applied; Figure 2 is a partly broken away enlarged sectional side view of an essential part of the magnetic switch according to the present invention: Figure 3 is a perspective view of a moveable contact member according to the present invention; and Figure 4(a) is a plan view showing the state of the contact surface after the first group of punched recesses are formed; Figure 4(b) is a plan view showing the state of the contact surface after the second group of punched recesses are formed; and Figure 4(c) is a plan view of a completed moveable contact member. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Now the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in the following with reference to the appended drawings. Figure 1 is a sectional side view, taken along an axial line, of an essential part of a starter motor 1 according to the present invention mounted on an automotive engine. In this starter motor 1, a pinion gear 3 turned by an electric motor 2 is selectively meshed with a ring gear 4 of an engine not shown in the drawing for driving the ring gear 4, and the shifting movement of the pinion gear 3 and the activation of the motor 2 are accomplished by turning on and off a magnetic switch 5 integrally provided in the starter motor 1. As shown in the drawing, a shift fork 7 is interposed between a plunger 6 of the magnetic switch 5 and the pinion gear 3, and the plunger 6 and the pinion gear 3 are connected to each other via the shift fork 7 in such a manner that the pinion gear 3 may be selectively shifted in synchronism with the axial movement of the plunger 6. The pinion gear 3 is coaxially fitted on a pinion gear support shaft 8 extending in parallel with the axial line of the motor 2, and is connected to the pinion gear support shaft 8, for instance via a spline coupling, so as to be able to transmit torque but freely moveable in the axial direction relative to the pinion gear support shaft 8. This pinion gear support shaft 8 has a hollow interior through which a push rod 9, connected to the pinion gear 3, is passed in a coaxial manner. The push rod 9 is biased by a spring force of a return spring 11 in the direction to retract the pinion gear 3. An end of the shift fork 7 abuts the rear end surface of the push rod 9, and the other end of the shift fork 7 is engaged in a groove provided in the forward end of the plunger 6. An input gear 12 is freely rotatably fitted on the pinion gear support shaft 8, and meshes with another gear mounted on the drive shaft of the motor 2. The torque thus transmitted to the input gear 12 is in turn transmitted to the pinion gear support shaft 8 via a one-way clutch 13. In this starter motor 1, when a coil (which is described hereinafter) of the magnetic switch 5 is energized, the plunger 6 is moved in the direction for retraction as indicated by the arrow A in the drawing, and this in turn causes the shift fork 7 to be rotated in clockwise direction in the drawing. As a result, the pinion gear 3 is pushed out against the spring force of the return spring 11 in the direction indicated by the arrow B. At the same time, the switch action of the magnetic switch 5 causes electric current to flow into the motor 2, and the drive torque of the motor 2 is transmitted to the pinion gear support shaft 8 via the input gear 12 and the one-way clutch 13, thereby rotatively driving the pinion gear support shaft 8 along with the pinion gear 3. Therefore, once the pinion gear 3 is thus thrust forward into mesh with the ring gear 4, the torque transmitted from the motor 2 can drive the ring gear. The internal structure of the magnetic switch 5 is now described in the following with reference to the sectional side view of an essential part given in Figure 2. This magnetic switch 5 is provided with a yoke 14 consisting of magnetic material and serving also as a cup-shaped casing, and an energization coil wound around a bobbin 15 is coaxially received in the yoke 14. The energization coil consists of a pull-in coil 16a formed by winding a relatively thick wire around the bobbin 15 in a relatively inner part of the energization coil, and a holding coil 16b formed by winding a relatively thin wire around the bobbin 15 in a relatively outer part of the energization coil. The aforementioned plunger 6 is axially slidably received in an axial through hole centrally provided in the closed bottom wall of the yoke 14, and an inner circumferential surface of the coil bobbin 15. A boss forming a part of a fixed iron core 17 is received in the central bore of the coil bobbin 15 from an end opposite from the end receiving the plunger 6. A return spring 18 is interposed between the fixed iron core 17 and the plunger 6 for returning the plunger 6 to its original position when the energization coil 16 is de-energized. A rod 19 is axially slidably received in an axial central bore of the fixed iron core 17. One end of the rod 19 opposes the plunger 6 while the other end of the rod 19 is received in a switch chamber 20 defined between an external radial flange of the fixed iron core 17 and a cup-shaped switch cover 21. A moveable contact member 22 is fitted on the mentioned other end of the rod 19, with a flange 19a provided on the rod 19 preventing the moveable contact member 22 from sliding off the rod 19. A pair of fixed contact members 23a and 23b are arranged on an inner surface of the switch cover 21 opposite to the moveable contact member 22. One of the fixed contact members 23a is a positive contact connected to the positive terminal of a battery not shown in the drawings, and the other fixed contact member 23b is a negative contact connected to a power input terminal of the motor 2. The moveable contact member 22 is secured to the rod 19 via an insulator 24, and the insulator 23 is elastically urged toward the fixed contact members 23a and 23b by a contact spring consisting of a conical compression coil spring. Therefore, when the rod 19 is displaced toward the fixed contact members 23a and 23b, and the moveable contact member 22 is brought into contact with the fixed contact members 23a and 23b, the state of contact is maintained by a certain elastic biasing force. A return spring consisting of a compression coil spring is interposed between the flange 19a of the rod 19 and the opposite surface of the switch cover 21 so that the rod 19 is initially urged toward the fixed iron core 17 illustrated in Figure 2. One ends of the mentioned two coils 16a and 16b are joined together, and are passed through the external radial flange of the coil bobbin 15, and are connected to a switch terminal 25 extending through the wall of the switch cover 21. The switch terminal 25 is in turn electrically connected to an ignition switch not shown in the drawing. The other end of the holding coil 16b is grounded via the fixed iron core 17, and the other end of the pull-in coil 16a is connected to the fixed contact member 23b associated with the terminal leading to the motor 2. According to this magnetic switch, by energizing both the coils 16a and 16b jointly forming the energization coil 16, the plunger 6 is attracted to the fixed iron core 17. The rod 19 is displaced as a result of the movement of the plunger 6, and the moveable contact member 22 is brought into contact with the fixed contact members 23a and 23b so as to electrically connect them together and conduct electric current to the motor 2. The moveable contact member 22 of this magnetic switch 5 has a contact surface 22a for contact with the fixed contact members 23a and 23b which is provided with a plurality of projections 26 as illustrated in Figure 3. Therefore, when the moveable contact member 22 is brought into contact with the fixed contact members 23a and 23b, the contact is made via these projections 26. The method for forming the projections is now described in the following with reference to Figures 4(a) through 4(c). First of all, a punch 28 having a plurality of square projections (not shown in the drawings) arranged in two mutually perpendicular directions at the pitch of P is applied to the surface of a plate member 27 made of oxygen-free copper so that a first group of punched recesses 29a may be formed therein in a checker board pattern. The pitch P is a multiple of (in this case, twice) the length of a side of each punched recess 29a. The area corresponding to the central part which is to be brought into contact with the Bakelite washer is not formed with any punched recesses. Then, the punch 28 is shifted with respect to the plate member 27 in which the first group of punched recesses 29 are formed by P/2 in both the vertical and horizontal directions, or obliquely by half the pitch, and a second group of punched recesses 29b are then formed as shown in Figure 4(b). As a result, the punched recesses 29a and 29b of the two groups are formed in a mutually staggered relationship, and the surface area other than that occupied by the punched recesses 29a and 29b projects relative to these punched recesses, and, in effect, a plurality of projections 26 are formed by a plurality of recesses defined by the punched recesses 29a and 29b. Thus, the pitch of the checker board pattern is P/2 although the pitch of the projections in the punch 28 is a multiple of (twice) this pitch, or P. Therefore, the desired surface irregularity in a checker board pattern can be formed by repeating the punching step twice and shifting the punch from the first punching step to the second punching step in a simple and economical manner. Thereafter, as shown in Figure 4(c) the plate member 27 is punched out as a circular disk, and a circular central hole is also punched out so that an annular, plate-shaped moveable contact member 22 may be formed. In the moveable contact member 22 thus formed, since each side of the punched recesses 29a and 29b formed in the contact surface 22a and the vertical and horizontal pitch P of the checker board pattern are equal to each other, the projections 26 are arranged without any overlap between them. Therefore, the projections 26 are separated from each other, and can effectively dissipate heat generated at the time of contact between the contact members so that the increase in the contact resistance due to accumulation of heat can be minimized. According to the present invention, the projections 26 are not necessarily required to be rectangular in shape, but may have other shapes such as triangular, parallelepiped, polygonal and other shapes. Also, the projections of the punch 28 may have circular and other shapes involving curved lines. In the latter case, the projections 26 will have shapes that are defined by circular or otherwise curved lines. The surface irregularity was provided in the moveable contact member in a checker board pattern in the above described embodiment, but it is also possible to provide a checker board irregularity pattern in the fixed contact members or in all of the contact members. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY Thus, according to the present invention, because at least one of the contact surfaces of the moveable contact member and the fixed contact members is provided with an irregular surface in the checker board pattern, the projections are separated from each other, and dissipation of heat from these projections can be effected in a highly efficient manner. Thus, the increase in the contact resistance due to heat generation can be prevented, and the efficiency of the starter motor can be increased. The surface irregularity in the checker board pattern can be easily formed by applying a punch having a plurality of projections at a multiple of the pitch of the checker board pattern a number of times after shifting the punch each time. Thus, the increase in the fabrication cost can be avoided.

Claims: A contact assembly (22, 23a, 23b) for a magnetic switch, the assembly comprising a pair of fixed contact members (23a, 23b) and a plate-shaped moveable contact member (22) adapted to be selectively connected across the fixed contact members (23a, 23b), characterised in that: a contact surface (22a) of at least one of the fixed contact members (23a, 23b) and the moveable contact member (22) is provided with a first group of a plurality of spaced recesses (29a) and a second group of plurality of spaced recesses (29b) in a checker board pattern, the groups being formed in a mutually staggered relationship. A contact assembly (22, 23a, 23b) for a magnetic switch, the assembly comprising a pair of fixed contact members (23a, 23b) and a plate-shaped moveable contact member (22) adapted to be selectively connected across the fixed contact members (23a, 23b), characterised in that: a contact surface (22a) of at least one of the fixed contact members (23a, 23b) and the moveable contact member (22) is provided with a first plurality of recesses (29a) and a second plurality of recesses (29b), the second plurality of recesses being separated from the first plurality of recesses thereby defining a plurality of projections connected by narrowed parts. A contact assembly for a magnetic switch according to claim 2, wherein projections (26) are defined between said first and second pluralities of recesses. A contact assembly for a magnetic switch according to claim 3, wherein each of the recesses (29a, 29b) is provided with a polygonal shape. A method for fabricating a contact assembly (22, 23a, 23b) for a magnetic switch comprising a pair of fixed contact members (23a, 23b) and a plate-shaped moveable contact member (22) adapted to be selectively connected across the fixed contact members (23a, 23b), wherein for the purpose of providing a contact surface (22a) of at least one of the first contact members (23a, 23b) and the moveable contact member (22) with a plurality of projections (26) which are separated from each other or connected by narrow parts, a punch having a plurality of projections at a certain pitch is applied to the contact surface (22a) a number of times by shifting the relative position of the punch and the contact surface (22a) each time by a prescribed distance. A method for fabricating a contact assembly for a magnetic switch according to claim 5, wherein each of the projections (26) is provided with a substantially square shape, and the said pitch is substantially a multiple of the length of each side of the rectangular projections (26), the projections being formed by applying the punch to the contact surface (22a) a number of times by shifting the relative position of the punch and the contact surface each time by a prescribed distance. A method for fabricating a contact assembly for a magnetic switch according to claim 6, wherein the projections (26) are arranged in a checker board pattern. A method for fabricating a contact assembly for a magnetic switch according to claim 5, further comprising the step of punching out the contact member (22, 23a, 23b) into a prescribed shape after completion of the punching process.

Inventors: ENKAKU SHIGEYUKI, KIMURA MINORU, KOGURE MITSUHIRO, NAGASHIMA SHINICHI, SHIMAYAMA HITOSHI, SHIMAYAMA SHUJI, WAKABAYASHI KAZUHISA, YOKOO TSUGIO, ENKAKU, SHIGEYUKI, KIMURA, MINORU, KOGURE, MITSUHIRO, NAGASHIMA, SHINICHI, SHIMAYAMA, HITOSHI, SHIMOYAMA, SHUJI, WAKABAYASHI, KAZUHISA, YOKOO, TSUGIO, ENKAKU, SHIGEYUKI, MITSUBA ELECTRIC MANUF. CO. LTD, SHIMAYAMA, SHUJI
Applicants: MITSUBA CORP, MITSUBA CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H01H50
IPC codes: H01H1, H01H11, H01H50, H01H51