Aqueous release coating composition

Abstract: The invention is directed to an aqueous release coating comprising a polymer and an aqueous solution or dispersion of an alkylester trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt or tallow trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt. The invention is also directed to use of a layer of the aqueous release coating composition on a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive on a backing layer. The aqueous release coating layer permits the pressure sensitive adhesive layer to be easily separated from the backing layer, even after storage for long durations and under extreme temperature and humidity conditions. The aqueous release coating does not migrate into the pressure sensitive adhesive layer and interfere with the adhesive properties of the pressure sensitive adhesive.

Description: This invention relates to an aqueous release coating composition, and use of the composition for pressure sensitive adhesives. Pressure sensitive adhesives have widespread use as bonding agents for films, foil, and paper for tapes, labels and decals. Films, foil, and paper for tapes, labels and decals will be hereafter referred to as "backing". The adhesive may be coated on to one or both sides of the backing. The side of the backing coated with adhesive will be referred to hereafter as the "adhesive-coated backing side". In tapes, for example, the adhesive-coated backing is typically wound onto itself to form a roll where the adhesive-coated backing side is in direct contact with the upper surface of the continuous backing layer in the roll which typically does not contain adhesive. Forming rolls from the adhesive-coated backing imposes an additional requirement on the adhesive. The adhesive must have differential affinity for the two sides of the backing, such that the adhesive preferentially adheres to the coated backing side with no subsequent transfer to the uncoated backing side of the adjacent layer when the backing is unrolled. There are two methods which result in differential affinity of the adhesive towards the two sides of the backing - the primer coating method and the release coating method. In the primer coating method, an adhesive is selected which does not adhere to the backing and a primer coat is used to make the adhesive bond to the backing. The primer coat is first applied to the backing and then the adhesive is applied onto the primer coat. When the adhesive-coated backing is rolled, the adhesive on the adhesive-coated backing side contacts the backing side which does not contain adhesive but does not adhere to it. Examples of this method are solvent-based natural rubber adhesives coated on unplasticized polyvinyl chloride film and aqueous-based acrylic adhesives coated on oriented polypropylene film where the coated backing side has been "primed" by corona discharge treatment. In the release coating method, a release coat is applied to the backing side which does not contain adhesive ("release-coated backing side") and an adhesive is applied the opposite backing side ("adhesive-coated backing side"). The release coat has a strong affinity for the backing but a weak affinity for the adhesive. Release coats are typically used with solvent-based natural rubber adhesives and hot-melt block copolymers coated on oriented polypropylene film. Release coating may alternatively be applied to a separate backing which is subsequently applied to the adhesive-coated side of the backing (hereinafter referred to as "release-coat paper.") The side of the backing not coated with adhesive but coated with a material which functions as a release agent will be referred to hereafter as the "release-coated backing side". In certain cases, both sides of the backing may be coated with adhesive and a release-coat paper containing a separate backing and a release coating may be applied onto one or both sides of these adhesive-coated backing sides. Hereinafter a backing having both sides coated with adhesive will be referred to as "double adhesive coated backing" and the side or sides which contain the release-coat paper will be referred to as the "release-coated paper side." The adhesive must release cleanly from the release-coated backing side or release-coated paper side without causing damage or leaving any adhesive residue on the release-coated backing side or release-coated paper side. There are several requirements which a coating must meet to function as a release coating. It must exhibit low affinity toward the adhesive with which it will directly contact when the backing is wound into a roll. This low affinity must be maintained over time and under temperature and humidity fluctuations and extremes. However, the release coating must not reduce the adhesive bonding between the backing and the adhesive to such an extent that the roll "telescopes." The release coating must also strongly bond to the backing side so that it does not delaminate when aggressive adhesives are used. Further, components of the release coating must not migrate into the adhesive, thereby deteriorating the properties of the adhesive. It is also desirable for safety, health and environmental reasons to use a release coat which is aqueous and does not contain solvents. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an aqueous release coating comprising a polymer containing acid functionality and an aqueous solution or dispersion of tallow alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt or other alkylester trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt. In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an article comprising a backing layer, at least one pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and a layer of the aqueous release coating as defined above. The invention is also directed to the use of the aqueous release coating. The aqueous release coating layer permits the pressure sensitive adhesive layer to be easily separated from the backing layer, even after storage for long durations and under extreme temperature and humidity conditions. The aqueous release coating does not migrate into the pressure sensitive adhesive layer and interfere with the adhesive properties of the pressure sensitive adhesive. The pressure sensitive adhesive articles to which this invention may be applied, for example tapes, films and labels, are composed of at least three components: (1) backing; (2) pressure sensitive adhesive; and (3) aqueous-based release coating where either: (1) the pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to one side of the backing ("adhesive-coated backing side") and the release coat is applied to the opposite side of the backing ("release-coated backing side"); or (2) the pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to both sides of the backing ("double adhesive-coated backing") and the release coating is contained in release-coat paper which is subsequently applied to least one adhesive-coated backing side. The backings are generally conventional materials, such as for example plastics including unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and other substrates used in self-wound tapes; paper including crepe or flat paper and those used in masking tapes; nonwovens including cellulosics; and the like. Typically the backing thickness is from about 20 µm to about 40 µm. The pressure sensitive adhesives are generally conventional materials, such as for example, aqueous acrylic adhesives; solvent-based rubber adhesives including cis -1,4-polyisoprene; hot-melt block copolymer adhesives; synthetic rubbers including styrene-butadiene rubber. The alkylester trimethyl/tallow alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts may be incorporated with the polymer at a level of from about 0.1% by dry weight to about 50% by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the polymer, preferably 1% by dry weight to about 10% by dry weight. The release coating composition of this invention preferably contains a water-soluble polymer, a latex polymer or a mixture thereof. Examples of the water-soluble polymers include polyacrylates and polyacrylamides. "Latex" as used herein refers to a water-insoluble polymer which may be prepared by conventional polymerization techniques such as, for example, by emulsion polymerization. The latex polymer useful in the release coating composition may be prepared by emulsion polymerization techniques well known in the art. A wide variety of monomers or mixture of monomers can be used to make the latex polymer. For example, acrylic ester monomers, including methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, secondary butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, neopentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, bornyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, myristyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate and the like; methacrylic acid ester monomers, including methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, bornyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, myristyl methacrylate, pentadecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and the like; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, styrene, substituted styrenes, butadiene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, vinyl acetate, acrylamide may be used. The water-soluble polymer or a latex polymer useful in the release coating composition of this invention contains acid functionality. The acid functionality may be incorporated in the polymer by incorporating acid-containing monomers into the polymer. Useful acid-containing monomers include those monomers having carboxylic acid functionality, such as for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid; phosphoethyl methacrylate. Preferably, the polymer useful in the release coating composition of this invention is nonionically stabilized. Suitable nonionic stabilizers include alkylphenoxypoly ethoxyethanols having alkyl groups of from about 7 to 18 carbons atoms and from about 6 to about 60 oxyethylene units, such as heptylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols, methyloctylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanols; polyethoxyethanol derivatives of methylene-linked alkyl phenol; sulfur-containing agents such as those made by condensing from about 6 to about 60 moles of ethylene oxide with nonyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, or with alkylthiophenols wherein the alkyl groups contain from 6 to 16 carbons atoms; ethylene oxide derivatives of long-chained carboxylic acids, such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and the like, or mixtures of acids such as those found in tall oil containing from 6 to 60 oxyethylene units per molecule; analogous ethylene condensates of long-chained alcohols such as octyl, decyl, lauryl, or cetyl alcohols, ethylene oxide derivatives of etherified or esterified polyhydroxy compounds having a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain, such as sorbitan monostearate containing from 6 to 60 oxyethylene units; also, ethylene oxide sections combined with one or more hydrophobic propylene oxide sections. Mixtures of alkyl benzenesulfonates and ethoxylated alkylphenols may be employed. Fatty hydroxylated, ethoxylated and propoxylated quaternary and diquaternary amines are useful in the release coating composition of this invention. In addition, conventional coating components such as, for example, pigments, binders, vehides, extenders, dispersants, surfactants, coalescents, wetting agents, rheology modifiers, thickeners, drying retarders, antifoaming agents, colorants, waxes, preservatives, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet light absorbers may be used in the release coating of this invention. The release coating may be applied to the backing by knife coating, roller coating and print coating. After the release coat is applied to the flexible backing, it may be dried by heating. The dry weights of the release coats which are useful in this invention are from about 0.01 gram m -2 to about 10 grams m -2 according to the selection of backing and pressure-sensitive adhesive and coating technique. Dry weights of the release coats from about 0.1 gram per square meter to about 2.0 grams per square meter are preferred. The following examples illustrate the invention. EXAMPLE 1: PREPARATION OF RELEASE COATING COMPOSITIONS The release coating compositions were prepared by mixing together the ingredients listed in Table 1. The release coatings were diluted to 28% solids with water for Release Coatings 1 and 2. The release coatings were then scrape-coated onto 14.515 kg/ream crepe backing and dried for one minute at 129.7°C (275°F) to give an add-on of 1.587 kg/ream. Ingredient Release Coating 1 Release Coating 2 Water 0.002 kg 5 0.00218 kg Aqueous ammonium hydroxide 0.0003 kg - Tallow alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride salt (27%by weight in water) 0.00185 kg 0.00185 kg Acrylic latex polymer (45.2% solids) - - Acrylic latex polymer (46% solids) 0.01359 kg 5 0.01359 kg 5 Water-soluble polymer (14% by weight in water) - 0.0278 kg Release coating solids 38% 35% pH 8.5-9.0 8-9 EXAMPLE 2: PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS The release coating compositions (Release Coatings 1 and 2) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in functioning as release coatings for pressure sensitive adhesives. Adhesion Test Specimens Strips (2.54cm wide and 25.4cm long) of commercial masking tape were placed with the pressure sensitive adhesive on the release coated side of the crepe backing prepared according to Example 1 to form the test specimen. The excess backing was trimmed from the test specimen. The test specimen was then subjected to a 0.5 bar pressure to insure complete adhesion between the pressure sensitive adhesive of the masking tape and the release coating on the crepe backing. Test specimens were either prepared at room temperature and immediately tested or prepared and aged for 3 days at 84.9°C (180°F) in a hot box to simulate long term storage. Test specimens placed in the hot box were weighted with a 2.54cm metal bar to give 0.0197 kg/cm 2 (0.28 pounds/square inch) pressure to simulate the pressure encountered in a roll of conventional tape. Readhesion Test Specimens Strips (2.54cm wide and 25.4cm long) of commercial masking tape were placed with the pressure sensitive adhesive on the release coated side of the crepe backing prepared according to Example 1 to form the test specimen. The excess backing was trimmed from the test specimen. The test specimen was then subjected to a 0.5 bar pressure to insure complete adhesion between the pressure sensitive adhesive of the masking tape and the release coating on the crepe backing. Test specimen were either prepared at room temperature and immediately tested or prepared and aged for 3 days at 84.9°C in a hot box to simulate long term storage. Test specimens placed in the hot box were weighted with a 2.54cm metal bar to give 0.0197 kg/cm 2 (0.28 pounds/square) inch pressure to simulate the pressure encountered in a roll of conventional tape. The masking tape portion was then manually separated from the released coated portion. The masking tape was then placed on a stainless steel panel in accordance with Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC) standards. EXAMPLE 3: ADHESION TESTING OF RELEASE COATING COMPOSITIONS The adhesion properties of the test specimens were evaluated using a T-peel test on an Instron Testing Machine (Model 1011). The T-peel tests were measured at room temperature at a rate of 30.48cm/minute. The results are shown in Table 2. Release[Kg/cm (ounces/inch)] Initial Aged Release Coating 1 0.0636 (5.7) 0.1373 (12.3) Release Coating 2 0.0938 (8.4) 0.1362 (12.2) Each of the release coatings performed well when tested immediately after having been applied to the pressure sensitive adhesive as compared to performance of typical pressure sensitive adhesives having no release coating applied. The increase in the release after aging for 3 days at 84.9°C (180°F) in a hot box to simulate long term storage was also acceptable. EXAMPLE 4: READHESION TESTING OF RELEASE COATING COMPOSITIONS The readhesion properties of the test specimens were evaluated using a 180° Peel, a 90° Peel and a 90° Quik-Stick test in accordance with Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC) standards. The results are shown in Table 3. Readhesion [Kg/cm (ounces/inch)] 180° Peel 90° Peel 90° Quik-Stick Initial Aged Initial Aged Initial Aged 0.327 0.292 0.212 0.201 0.124 0.113 Release Coating 1 (29.3) (26.2) (19.0) (18.0) (11.1) (10.1) 0.363 0.308 0.236 0.213 0.142 0.121 Release Coating 2 (32.5) (27.6) (21.1) (19.1) (12.7) (10.8) Each of the release coatings performed well when tested immediately after having been applied to the pressure sensitive adhesive as compared to performance of typical pressure sensitive adhesives having no release coating applied. The readhesion after aging for 3 days at 84.9°C (180°F) in a hot box to simulate long term storage showed an acceptable decrease indicating that the release coatings did not substantially migrate into and detrimentally affect the pressure sensitive adhesive's adhesion and readhesion properties.

Claims: An aqueous release coating comprising a polymer containing acid functionality and an aqueous solution or dispersion of tallow alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt or other alkylester trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt. The aqueous release coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid functionality is carboxylic acid functionality. Use of a polymer containing acid functionality and an aqueous solution or dispersion of tallow alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt or other alkylester trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt as an aqueous release coating. An article comprising a backing layer, at least one pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and a layer of the aqueous release coating as defined in any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is affixed to at least one side of the backing layer, and the aqueous release coating layer is in contact with the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The article as claimed in claim 4, wherein a pressure sensitive adhesive layer is affixed to the two respective sides of the backing layer, and at least one aqueous release coating layer is in contact with at least one of the pressure sensitive adhesive layers.

Inventors: TRAHAN RODNEY JOSEPH JR, WILLIAMS MARTIN MARION, TRAHAN, RODNEY JOSEPH, JR., WILLIAMS, MARTIN MARION
Applicants: ROHM & HAAS, ROHM AND HAAS COMPANY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C08K5
IPC codes: C09J7, C09D133, C09D7, B32B7