Pipe cutting machine

Abstract: The portable pipe cutting machine (10) comprises a frame (12), an arm (48) having opposite ends and supported on the frame (12) for pivotal movement about a pivot axis (A) between the opposite ends, a cutting wheel (50) rotatably mounted on one (48a) of the ends of the arm (48), and a hydraulic piston and cylinder unit (17) between the frame (12) and the other end (48b) of the arm (48) for pivoting the arm (48) to displace the cutting wheel (50) toward a pipe (P) to be cut which is supported on rollers (R1, R4; R2, R3) mounted on the frame (12) beneath the cutting wheel (50). A manually operable variable displacement pump (18) delivers fluid under pressure to the piston and cylinder unit (17) to displace the arm (48) toward the pipe (P), and an electric drive motor unit (16) is supported on the arm (48) for displacement therewith and includes an output end axially slidably interengaged with a drive shaft (76) for the cutting wheel (50).

Description: Background of the Invention The present invention relates to the art of motor driven pipe cutting machines and, more particularly, to a portable, floor or bench supported pipe cutting machine in which the cutting action is manually controlled by the operator. Motor driven pipe cutting machines of the character to which the present invention is directed are known and generally include a base or frame structure having rollers which support a pipe to be cut and a motor driven cutting wheel mounted on the frame for displacement into engagement with the pipe to cut the same. One such machine is shown, for example, in US-A-2,553,147 (on which the two-part form of independent claim 1 is based) to Roescheise wherein the cutting wheel is mounted on a pivotal lever which is displaceable toward a pipe to be cut by a hydraulic piston and cylinder unit through a motorized pump mounted on the machine frame. The pump is driven by an electric motor mounted on the frame and through a belt and pulley arrangement, and the cutting wheel is driven by the same electric motor and through a gear train having an input common with the pump drive. A pedal operated valve controls the flow of hydraulic fluid into the piston and cylinder unit to displace the cutting wheel into engagement with a pipe to be cut. When the foot pedal is released, the fluid circuit to the piston and cylinder unit is opened, the cutting wheel is spring biased away from the pipe and, unless the motor is turned off, the cutting wheel continues to rotate and the pump circulates hydraulic fluid in a bypass mode. In BE-A-553 241 a metal cutting machine is disclosed having an electric motor to drive the pump for supplying fluid under pressure for pivoting the cutting wheel support arm towards the workpiece to be cut. The arm is pivotably mounted between its ends and supports the cutting wheel at one end. The hydraulic piston and cylinder means for pivoting the arm is connected to the other end of the arm. Use in the field of motor driven pipe cutters heretofore available is difficult as a result of the structural complexity and unitary construction of the pipe cutters. More particularly in this respect, the pipe cutter has to be transported to the point of use, such as in a truck, and then removed from the truck and setup on the ground or other underlying support surface for operation. The size and weight of the pipe cutter can make the loading and unloading thereof relative to the transport vehicle physically difficult for the workmen and require the use of special loading and unloading elevators or hoists as well as wheeled dollies or the like to facilitate ground transportation of the pipe cutter to the specific point of use. Other disadvantages of motor driven pipe cutters heretofore available, whether for use in the field or otherwise, include the limited ability of the operator to control the cutting force and thus the speed at which a pipe of given diameter can be cut. In the machine of Roescheise, for example, the operator only controls actuation of the pump and not the displacement thereof and, theretofore, has no control of the cutting force or speed. In some pipe cutters, displacement of the cutting wheel is achieved by a hand operated lever which affords control of the cutting force by the operator, but such hand operation is physically fatiguing, whereby optimum force and cutting speed is likely to progressively decrease in connection with continuous use of the cutter by the operator. The object of the invention is the provision of a pipe cutting machine of the foregoing character which promotes operator control of the cutting force and thus the speed at which a given pipe can be cut. To achieve this there is provided in accordance with the invention a pipe cutting machine comprising a frame, roller means on said frame for supporting a pipe to be cut, arm means for supporting a cutting wheel, said arm means having opposite ends, means supporting said arm means on said frame for pivotal movement about a pivot axis, one of said opposite ends being above said roller means, said cutting wheel being mounted on said one end for rotation about a wheel axis parallel to said pivot axis, means to rotate said cutting wheel, hydraulic piston and cylinder means between said frame and said arm means for pivoting said arm means about said pivot axis to displace said cutting wheel in the direction toward said roller means, a source of hydraulic fluid, and a pump for delivering fluid under pressure to said piston and cylinder means to displace said arm means in said direction, said pump including a fluid chamber having an inlet connected to said source and an outlet connected to said piston and cylinder means, fluid displacement means in said chamber for pumping fluid from said chamber to said piston and cylinder means, characterized by said arm means being supported for pivotal movement between said opposite ends thereof and said piston and cylinder means being connected to the other of said opposite ends of said arm means, and by manually operated means for controlling said fluid displacement means to vary the displacement of fluid from said chamber to said piston and cylinder means. The manually operable variable displacement pump enables the operator to control the cutting force applied by the cutting wheel against a pipe being cut and, thus, the speed with which a cut can be made. Another disadvantage of the prior pipe cutting machines resides in the difficulty in obtaining a quality cut and maintaining quality from one cut to another. In this respect, a quality cut requires that the axis of the pipe be maintained parallel to the axis of the cutting blade so that the cut is in a plane transverse to the pipe axis. Generally, the pipe to be cut is supported on rollers beneath the cutting blade and on an adjustable support spaced from the cutting machine. The latter support is adjusted laterally in an effort to align the pipe and cutting wheel axes, but the desired parallel relationship therebetween is extremely difficult to obtain and/or maintain from one cut to another. Any misalignment with respect to desired parallel relationship between the pipe and cutting wheel axes reduces the quality of the cut obtained, whereby considerable time and effort is spent to initially make the necessary adjustments of the adjustable support to assure as accurate alignment as possible, and frequent checking of the alignment is necessary in an effort to maintain the best possible alignment. To overcome this disadvantage, in accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the frame and arm assembly is relatively narrow in the direction of the roller and cutting wheel axes and this, together with the lightness in weight of the assembled cutting machine, advantageously provides for the latter to square itself with a pipe being cut, thus to perform a good quality cut in connection with each cutting operation. More particularly in this respect, the cutting machine rests on an underlying surface such as a floor or bench and a pipe to be cut is positioned on the supporting rollers and an adjustable support in the usual manner. The rotating cutting wheel is then displaced into engagement with the pipe and any misalignment between the pipe and cutting wheel axes will result in the cutting machine tilting relative to the underlying support surface so as to square itself with the pipe, whereby the pipe is cut in a plane transverse to the axis thereof. This capability advantageously minimizes the time and effort heretofore required to try to obtain accurate alignment between the pipe and cutting wheel axes prior to a cutting operation, as well as the time and effort required to maintain alignment from one cut to the next. Furthermore, the self-squaring capability produces a high quality cut every time the machine is used and thus promotes production efficiency, continuous high quality production and minimal wastage. Moreover, the self-squaring capability reduces the wearing forces imposed on component parts of the cutting machine during operation thereof and, accordingly, promotes longer life thereof and a reduction in maintenance costs. Yet another disadvantage in connection with pipe cutters such as that shown in the patent to Roescheise resides in the fact that there is a limited range of pipe diameters which can be safely cut. In this respect, the pipe is cradled between a pair of rollers which rotatably support the pipe during the pipe cutting operation, and it is important that the point of contact of the cutting wheel with the pipe at the beginning of the cutting operation is as close as possible to a vertical plane parallel to and between the roller axes. This relationship provides for the cutting force against the pipe to be fairly equally distributed between the supporting rollers. As the point of contact moves laterally away from the vertical plane, which occurs when the arm and blade are pivoted upwardly relative to the rollers to accommodate large diameter pipe, the cutting force is applied in a direction more toward one of the rollers than the other. As the diameter of pipe being cut increases such misdirection of force from the vertical plane progressively increases and this disadvantageously affects both the application of cutting force and the stability of the support for the pipe being cut, and the latter can result in the workpiece being displaced from the rollers by the rotating cutting wheel. In particular in this respect, it will be appreciated that as the pipe diameter increases the points of contact thereof with the rollers moves upwardly toward a plane tangential to the uppermost surfaces of the rollers, thus progressively decreasing the ability of the rollers to support the pipe against lateral displacement from its cradled position. To avoid this disadvantage, the pivotal lever may be vertically adjustable on the frame so as to accommodate the cutting of a wide range of pipe diameters while maintaining the desired relationship with respect to the direction of cutting force relative to the underlying support rollers. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drive unit includes an electric motor having an axis of rotation and a driven output coupling having an axis of rotation transverse to that of the motor. The cutting wheel has a drivable stub shaft adapted to slidably receive the output coupling of the drive unit, and the latter is axially slidably displaceable from the frame and arm assembly and, when assembled therewith, is supported by the arm for pivotal displacement therewith. This drive unit arrangement promotes compactness of the pipe cutting machine and the ease of use thereof. Further, the ability to slidably engage and disengage the drive unit with the arm and cutting wheel shaft facilitates separation of the drive unit and arm assembly to promote portability and ease of handling in this respect, and to promote ease of assembly when the machine is to be used. Particularly in this respect, the frame and arm assembly weighs only about 45kg (100 lbs.) and, preferably, is provided with handles to facilitate carrying the latter. The drive unit in the preferred embodiment weighs about 14kg (31 lbs.) and is provided with a handle to facilitate the carrying thereof. Preferably, the manually operable pump is connected to the inlet of the piston and cylinder unit by a quick disconnect coupling, whereby the pump is adapted to be readily connected to and disconnected from the piston's cylinder unit which is attached to the frame and arm assembly to further promote portability, disassembly for the latter purpose and reassembly for use. The pipe cutting machine of the foregoing character is structurally simple, and relatively light in weight, thus promoting portability thereof, is efficient in use and operation, can cut pipe faster and with greater ease than heretofore possible and with a more consistently high quality cut than heretofore possible. The foregoing features, and others, will in part be obvious and in part pointed out more fully hereinafter in conjunction with the written description of a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which: FIGURE 1 is a side elevation view, partially in section, of a pipe cutting machine embodying the present invention and showing the drive unit therefor in phantom; FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in FIGURE 1; FIGURE 3 is a rear elevation view of the frame and arm assembly of the machine, with the drive unit removed, looking in the direction of line 3-3 in FIGURE 1; FIGURE 4 is a front elevation view, partially in section, of the machine frame; FIGURE 5 is an exploded perspective view of the drive unit, cutting blade stub shaft and drive coupling; and FIGURE 6 is a side elevation view, partially in section, of the variable displacement pump for the machines. Description of a Preferred Embodiment Referring now in greater detail to the drawings, FIGURES 1-4 illustrate a pipe cutting machine 10 which is basically comprised of a frame 12, a cutting wheel and support arm assembly 14 mounted on frame 12 for pivotal displacement about a pivot axis A, a drive unit 16, and a hydraulic system including a piston and cylinder unit 17 and a variable displacement pump 18 for pivoting arm assembly 14 relative to frame 12 in conjunction with cutting a workpiece as described in greater detail hereinafter. Frame 12 is preferably a one piece iron casting and comprises a pair of vertical side walls 20 and 22 which are axially spaced apart with respect to the pivot axis A for arm assembly 14. Each of the side walls 20 and 22 has a lower portion 23 including a corresponding bottom edge 24, a front end 26 and a rear end 28, and each of the side walls has an upper portion 30 extending upwardly from lower portion 23. Frame 12 is adapted to rest on an underlying support surface S such as a floor or bench. Front ends 26 of the side walls terminate in inclined portions 26a which extend upwardly and forwardly relative to surface S, and upper ends 30 terminate in inclined portions 30a which extend upwardly and rearwardly relative to surface S. Front portions 26a have outer ends 26b which are laterally interconnected by a generally C-shaped portion 32 which extends downwardly and forwardly from ends 26b and provides a carrying handle. Similarly, upper end portions 30a of the side walls are laterally interconnected by a generally C-shaped portion 34 which provides another carrying handle. Side walls 20 and 22 are also laterally interconnected by an integral web 36 therebetween which includes a portion 36a between bottom edges 24 adjacent front end portions 26, a portion 36b between the lower edges of front end portions 26a, a portion 36c inclining upwardly and rearwardly from portion 36a toward upper portion 30, a portion 36d extending vertically into upper portion 30, and a portion 36e extending downwardly and rearwardly into rear end 28 from the juncture between portions 36c and 36d. Side walls 20 and 22 further include corresponding laterally outwardly extending support feet 38 which are coplanar with bottom edges 24 and generally underlie upper portions 30 of the side walls. A plurality of rollers R1, R2, R3 and R4 are mounted between side walls 20 and 22 to rotatably support a pipe P to be cut. Rollers R2 and R3 provide a lower or inner pair of rollers for supporting smaller diameter pipes, and rollers R1 and R4 provide an outer or upper pair of rollers for supporting pipes larger in diameter than can be supported on rollers R2 and R3. More particularly with regard to the mounting of the rollers, front ends 26 of side walls 20 and 22 have corresponding V-shaped upper surfaces 40, and each of the rollers is removably mounted between side walls 20 and 22 by means of a corresponding support shaft 42. Support shafts 42 extend through openings therefor in the side walls and are secured in place with regard to the latter by knurling the ends 42a thereof for engagement in the openings therefor in side wall 22. The opposite ends of shafts 42 have chamfers 44 for the purpose set forth hereinafter. Suitable bearings, not illustrated, are interposed between each of the rollers and the corresponding support shaft to support the rollers for rotation about roller axes which are parallel to axis A and provided by shafts 42. In order to facilitate support of each of the rollers in connection with the mounting and/or removal thereof relative to the frame unit, side walls 20 and 22 are provided with pairs of projections 46 extending laterally inwardly thereof closely beneath the corresponding end of each roller. In connection with mounting a roller between side walls 20 and 22, for example, the roller is supported on underlying projections 46 and chamfered end 44 of shaft 42 is introduced through the opening therefor in side wall 22. The shaft is then pushed toward side wall 20 whereupon the chamfered end enters the opening through the roll and then the opening in side wall 20 to elevate the roller from projections 46. Knurled end 42a then engages with the opening in side wall 22 to secure the shaft in place. Arm assembly 14 of cutting machine 10 includes an arm member 48, cutting wheel 50 and a reaction arm 52 which provides support for drive unit 16 as set forth more fully hereinafter. Arm member 48 is preferably a one-piece casting and, as best seen in FIGURES 1 and 2, has an outer end 48a and an inner end 48b, which ends respectively overlie the front and rear ends of frame 12. Further, arm member 48 includes sides 54 and 56 axially spaced apart with respect to pivot axis A and interconnected at outer end 48a of the arm member by a generally C-shaped portion providing a handle 58. Sides 54 and 56 are interconnected inwardly adjacent inner end 48b by a hub component 60 which is bored to receive a pivot pin 64 which provides axis A and pivotally supports the arm assembly on frame 12. More particularly in this respect, upper portion 30 of side walls 20 and 22 of the frame are provided with apertures 66 receiving pin 64, which pin has a head 64a outwardly adjacent side wall 22 and a chamfer 64b of the opposite end outwardly adjacent side wall 20 and receiving a hairpin-clip 68 by which the pin and thus arm assembly 14 is removably mounted on frame 12. The upper ends 30 of side walls 20 and 22 of the frame are also provided with openings 70 spaced above openings 66 and which openings 70 are adapted to receive pin 64, whereby arm assembly 14 can be pivotally mounted on the frame in a selected one of the two vertical locations provided by openings 66 and 70 for the purpose set forth hereinafter. Cutting wheel 50 includes an annular body portion 72, hub portions 73 and a cutting blade portion 74 extending circumferentially about body portion 72 and extending radially outwardly therefrom. Cutting wheel 50 is mounted on a cutting wheel drive shaft 76 for rotation therewith, and drive shaft 76 extends through hub portions 73 and through enlarged openings 75 in arm sides 54 and 56 and is supported for rotation relative thereto about a cutting wheel axis 78 by means of a pair of bearing units 80 interposed between shaft 76 and recesses 82 provided for the bearing units in the outer surfaces of sides 54 and 56 of the arm member. The end of shaft 76 axially adjacent side 54 of the arm member is provided with a square stub shaft 84 extending axially outwardly of the arm member for coupling with drive unit 16 as set forth more fully hereinafter. While not shown, a suitable lock nut or other arrangement can be used to provide for removability of shaft 76 to facilitate replacement of cutting wheel 50, and the opening through hub portions 73 of the cutting wheel and the corresponding portion of shaft 76 extending therethrough are axially splined or toothed to provide the desired drive coupling therebetween and the relative axial displacement required to withdraw the shaft from the arm member. To further facilitate quick replacement of cutting wheel 50, the inner surfaces of arm sides 54 and 56 are provided with vertical recesses 77 opening into shaft openings 75 and adapted to slidably receive hub portions 73 so as to guide displacement of the cutting wheel into alignment with axis 78 during a replacement operation. Thus, the operator need only position hub portions 73 at the upper ends of the recesses 77 and then lower the wheel into alignment with axis 78, whereupon shaft 76 is introduced through bearings 80 and the cutting wheel to complete the replacement operation. As mentioned hereinabove, upper portions 30 of side walls 20 and 22 of frame 12 are provided with openings 70 to facilitate selective mounting of arm assembly 14 relative to the latter and openings 66. To facilitate supporting the arm assembly during mounting thereof on frame 12, the inner sides of upper portions 30 of side walls 20 and 22 are provided with pairs of laterally inwardly extending projections 86 beneath each of the openings 66 and 70. Projections 86 are adapted to closely underlie axially outer end portions 60a of hub 60 of arm member 48. Thus, in connection with mounting the arm assembly in the frame relative to openings 66, for example, hub portions 60a engage the underlying projections 86 to support the arm assembly adjacent the pin openings, and chamfered end 64b of pin 64a is introduced through opening 66 in side wall 22 and moved through hub 60 toward side wall 20. In the same manner described above with respect to roller shafts 42, chamfered end 64b then enters the opening 66 in side wall 20 to elevate the arm assembly from projections 86. Farther in connection with mounting the arm assembly relative to openings 66, upper portions 30 of frame side walls 20 and 22 are provided with laterally inwardly extending projections 88 which are adapted to be engaged by the lower edges of sides 54 and 56 of arm member 48 to assure against pivotal displacement of the arm assembly clockwise in FIGURE 1 to an extent which would bring the cutting wheel into contact with the underlying rollers when the arm assembly is supported on projections 86 during a mounting operation. Stop projections 88 also preclude engagement of the cutting wheel with the rollers during a cutting operation when the arm assembly is mounted on the frame through the use of openings 66. When the arm is mounted on the frame through the use of openings 70, pivotal movement of arm 48 to the extent which would move the cutting wheel into engagement with the rollers is precluded by handle 58 on outer end of arm 48 engaging the front end of the frame or roller R4. Cutting wheel 50 is adapted to be rotated about axis 78 by drive unit 16 which is removably supported on arm 48 as described hereinafter for pivotal displacement therewith about axis A. Drive units of the character represented by numeral 16 are well known in the pipe threading industry and, in the embodiment herein disclosed, the drive unit is a commercially available power drive. The structure and operation of such drive units is well known and need not be described in detail herein. Briefly, with reference to FIGURE 5 and in connection with the use of the drive unit in accordance with the present invention, the drive unit includes an elongate housing 90 having an axis 92 and including a portion 94 enclosing an electric motor, not shown, having an axis parallel to axis 92, a housing portion 96 enclosing a gear reduction unit, not shown, and a housing portion 98 enclosing a drive ring 100 having an axis 102 transverse to axis 92. As is further well known, drive ring 100 is peripherally toothed so as to be rotated about axis 102 by an appropriate gear on the output end of the gear reduction unit. The drive unit housing further includes a handle 104 between housing portions 96 and 98, and a handle portion 106 extending rearwardly from housing portion 94. A power cord 108 facilitates connecting the drive unit to a source of electricity, and a three position switch 110 provides for operating the electric motor in opposite directions. As is still further well known, drive ring 100 is adapted to releasably receive and rotatably drive a tool component such as the square drive adaptor 114 by which the drive unit is drivingly coupled with stub shaft 84 of cutting wheel 50 in connection with the present invention. More particularly in this respect, drive ring 100 is provided with a pair of opposed radially inwardly projecting spring loaded adaptor pawls 116, and the outer surface of adaptor 114 is provided with a pair of opposed pawl recesses 118. Adaptor 114, which is commercially available, includes an output sleeve 120 having a square opening 122 therethrough which is adapted to receive stub shaft 84, and sleeve 120 is provided with a pair of set screws 124 for releasably securing the adaptor to the stub shaft. Preferably, for purposes of convenience, adaptor 114 is secured to stub shaft 84 and drive unit 16 is disengaged from the adaptor to separate the drive unit from the frame and arm assembly of the pipe cutting machine. When the drive unit is mounted on the frame and arm assembly, as shown in FIGURE 2, the end of housing portion 94 adjacent handle 106 is supported by reaction arm 52 mounted on end 48b of arm 48. More particularly in this respect, reaction arm 52 includes a body portion 126 mounted on inner end 48b of side 54 of arm member 48 by means of a pin 128 extending through an opening therefor in body portion 126 and openings through inner end portions 48b of arm sides 54 and 56. Pin 128 has a headed end 130 engaging the outer side of body portion 126 and is removably interengaged with arm 48 by means of a hair pin clip 132 interconnected with the opposite end of the pin axially outwardly adjacent inner end 48b of side 56 of the arm. The axially inner side of body portion 126 of the reaction arm is recessed to provide a shoulder 134 underlying and engaging the bottom edge of inner end 48b of side 54 so as to preclude pivotal displacement of the reaction arm about the axis of pin 128. The reaction arm further includes a post 136 extending upwardly from body portion 126 and having laterally outwardly extending fingers 138 providing a laterally outwardly open U-shaped recess receiving the housing of drive unit 16. It will be appreciated from FIGURE 1 that fingers 138 preclude rotation of drive unit 16 in opposite directions about cutting wheel axis 78 and, at the same time, facilitate axial coupling and decoupling displacement of the drive unit relative to the frame and arm assembly. Arm assembly 14 is adapted to be pivoted in opposite directions about axis A by means of a hydraulic system including piston and cylinder unit 17 and hydraulic pump unit 18. Piston and cylinder unit 17 includes a cylinder member 142 axially slidably receiving a piston 144 having a piston rod 146 extending upwardly therefrom and having an upper or outer end 148 secured to arm 48 as described hereinafter. A coil spring 150 biases piston 144 downwardly in cylinder 142, and the piston is adapted to be displaced upwardly in cylinder 142 by hydraulic fluid under pressure entering the cylinder beneath the piston through an inlet line 152. The lower end of cylinder 142 is provided with a mounting block 154 by which the lower end of the cylinder is pivotally attached to rear ends 28 of side walls 20 and 22 of the frame by means of a pin 156. Pin 156 extends through openings therefor in walls 20 and 22 and mounting block 154, and chamfered end 158 facilitates introducing the pin through the openings. The pin is removably retained in place on the frame by knurling the end portion of the pin received in the opening therefor in frame wall 20. Outer end 148 of piston rod 146 is secured to a mounting sleeve 162 which extends between inner ends 48b of arm sides 54 and 56 and is pivotally secured in place therebetween by means of pin 128 by which reaction arm 52 is mounted on arm 48. As will be appreciated from FIGURE 1, fluid under pressure introduced into cylinder 142 beneath piston 144 displaces the latter upwardly to in turn pivot arm 48 and thus cutting wheel 50 clockwise about axis A toward pipe P supported on rollers R2 and R3 therebeneath. When drive unit 16 is energized to rotate cutting wheel 50, such displacement of arm 48 results in blade portion 74 of the cutting wheel engaging and rotating pipe P to achieve cutting thereof. Upon the release of hydraulic fluid under pressure from behind piston 144, as described more fully hereinafter, spring 150 biases piston 144 downwardly in cylinder 142, thus to pivot arm 48 and thus cutting wheel 50 counterclockwise about axis A and upwardly from the cut pipe. In accordance with the present invention, the flow of hydraulic fluid to and from piston and cylinder unit 17 is manually controlled by the machine operator through hydraulic pump 18 which, in the embodiment disclosed, is foot pedal operated. However, it is to be understood that the term manually as used in connection with the pump is intended to include either foot or hand operation. Pump 18 in accordance with the present invention is a variable displacement pump. It is to be noted at this point that a manually operable variable displacement pump, as the latter terminology is used herein, is intended to mean that the pump is manually controllable by the operator to vary the fluid displacement thereof during a pipe cutting operation, whereby the operator has control over the cutting force applied to a pipe being cut and thus the speed of the cut. Pump 18, which is illustrated in FIGURE 6 of the drawing, is representative of one such pump for the latter purpose. In this respect, pump 18 includes a valve body portion 164 and a tubular reservoir 166 for the hydraulic fluid to be pumped. Body 164 includes an outlet flow passageway 168 between reservoir 166 and a flexible hose 170 by which the pump is connected to piston and cylinder unit 17 through a quick connect coupling 172 as shown in FIGURE 1. Passageway 168 is provided with pump intake and discharge check valves 174 and 176, respectively, which control the flow of hydraulic fluid into passageway 168 from reservoir 166 and the flow of hydraulic fluid from passageway 168 to hose 170. More particularly in this respect, passageway 168 is in communication with a piston chamber 178 which receives a vertically reciprocable piston 180 having a piston rod 182 extending upwardly from body portion 164. Piston 180 is adapted to be displaced downwardly in chamber 178 by means of a foot pedal lever 184 having a front end pivotally supported relative to body portion 164 by means of a link 186 connected to the corresponding end of the lever by a pin 188 and to body portion 164 by a pin 190. Lever 184 is pivotally connected to the outer end of piston rod 182 by means of a pin 192, and the opposite end of the lever is provided with a foot treadle 194 or the like by which the lever is adapted to be depressed to pivot about pin 188 so as to displace piston 180 downwardly in chamber 178. The upper end of piston rod 182 is provided with a collar 196, and a biasing spring 198 is interposed between collar 196 and body portion 164 to bias piston 180 to its upper most position. A return flow passageway 200 interconnects the downstream end of passageway 168 with reservoir 166 and is normally closed by a spring biased ball valve 202. A second foot pedal lever 204 is adapted to displace ball valve 202 downwardly to open passageway 200 to provide for the flow of fluid from line 170 back to reservoir 166 as described more fully hereinafter. More particularly, front end portion 206 of lever 204 extends downwardly and is pivotally interconnected with body portion 164 by means of pin 190, and a ball valve actuating rod 208 is interposed between lever portion 206 and ball valve 202, whereby counterclockwise displacement of lever 204 about pin 190 by depressing treadle portion 210 of the lever displaces ball 202 downwardly away from its seat. A biasing spring 212 is interposed between lever portion 206 and body portion 164 and serves to bias lever 204 clockwise in FIGURE 6 to its normal, undepressed position in which valve 202 is closed. In the preferred embodiment described hereinabove, frame 12 is about 96.5 mm (3.8 inches) wide between the outer sides of side walls 20 and 22 and about 254 mm (10 inches) wide from the laterally outer ends of feet 38. The frame is about 569 mm (22.4 inches) high and about 508 mm (20 inches) long from the front to the back ends thereof. The frame and arm assembly, with drive unit 16 removed weighs about 45 kg (100 pounds), and drive unit 16 weighs about 14 kg (31 pounds) and is about 762 mm (30 inches) long. The pipe cutter, with arm 48 mounted on the frame as shown in FIGURE 1, is adapted to cut pipe ranging from 63.5 to 101 mm (2-1/2 to 4 inches) in diameter and, with arm 48 mounted on the frame through the use of openings 70, pipe ranging in diameter from 152 to 203 mm (6 to 8 inches) can be cut. In use, drive unit 16 is preferably axially slidably detached from the frame and arm assembly, pump 18 is disconnected through manipulation of quick disconnect coupling 172, and these three components are then adapted to be readily carried from one point to another by a workman or workmen. In particular, the frame and arm assembly is adapted to be carried through the use of handles 32 and 34. At a point of use, for example, drive unit 16 is axially slidably coupled with cutting wheel shaft 76 and reaction arm 52, pump 18 is attached through the use of coupling 172, and power cord 108 of drive unit 16 is plugged into a source of electricity, whereupon the pipe cutter is ready for operation. Further in connection with portability and/or maintenance of the pipe cutter, the mounting of arm 48, reaction arm 52 and piston and cylinder unit 17 through the use of pin and hairpin type retaining members advantageously provides for readily disassembling these component parts relative to one another and to the frame unit. Such disassembly capability facilitates maintenance and/or replacement operations and, if desired, further breakdown of the component parts of the machine to facilitate the handling thereof by an operator with respect to transporting the cutting machine. In operation of the embodiment herein illustrated and described, a pipe to be cut is supported on rollers R2 and R3 beneath cutting wheel 50, and the outer end of the pipe is suitably supported so that the pipe and cutting wheel axes are generally parallel. Accuracy with respect to alignment of the pipe and cutting wheel axes is not critical, whereby considerable time does not have to be spent attempting to achieve such alignment. When the pipe P is so supported, the operator depresses drive unit switch 110, whereby the drive unit is energized and cutting wheel 50 is rotated, and the operator then repeatedly oscillates pedal lever 184 through the depression and release of foot tread 194 thereof to displace pulses of hydraulic fluid under pressure from reservoir 166 through line 170 into the bottom of cylinder 142, whereupon arm 48 is progressively pivoted clockwise in FIGURE 1 about axis A to move blade portion 74 of cutting wheel 50 into engagement with pipe P. Upon engagement between blade portion 74 of the cutting wheel and pipe P, the latter is rotated on rollers R2 and R3, and continued pumping of pedal lever 184 by the operator progressively advances the cutting wheel through the pipe wall to complete the cut. If, upon engagement of blade portion 74 with pipe P, the pipe and cutting wheel axes are not parallel, pipe cutting machine 10 will square itself relative to pipe P to assure that the pipe is accurately cut transverse to the axis thereof. This squaring capability results from the narrowness and the lightness of weight of the pipe cutting machine and assures a high quality cut each time the machine is used. Furthermore, control of the pivotal displacement of arm 48 through the use of variable displacement pump 18 advantageously enables the operator to have a "feel" for the work being done by the drive unit as a result of the cutting force applied to the pipe and, therefore, enables the operator to control the cutting force and thus the speed of cutting. This advantageously enables cuts to be made in the shortest amount of time. Upon completion of the cut, the operator releases switch 110 to deenergize drive unit 16 and depresses release valve pedal 204 to open return passageway 200, whereupon hydraulic fluid under pressure in cylinder 142 is returned to reservoir 166 of pump 18. Such return flow is provided by biasing spring 150 in the piston and cylinder unit, and it will be appreciated that the latter spring also pivots arm 148 and thus cutting wheel 50 and power unit 16 counterclockwise about axis A to return the components to the open position thereof relative to the pipe supporting rollers. While it is contemplated that cylinder spring 150 has sufficient force to return arm unit 14 to its open position following the cutting of a pipe, a supplemental biasing spring for this purpose could be provided between arm 48 and frame 12. Furthermore, in the event spring 150 does not fully displace arm unit 14 in the open direction, the operator can so displace the arm unit through the use of handle 58 on the outer end of arm 48. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the structures of and the structural interrelationships between the component parts of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that other embodiments of the invention can be made and that changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the invention as claimed. In this respect, for example, variable displacement pump 18 could be a hand operated pump rather than a foot operated pump, and pump structures other than that illustrated and described herein can be employed. Furthermore, the control switch for drive unit 16 could be incorporated in power cord 108 rather than in the handle of the drive unit. Such a location for the switch would facilitate convenience for the operator's control of the drive unit when the pipe cutting machine is supported on a bench or the like rather than on the ground or other underlying support surface as illustrated herein. Moreover, while drive unit 16 is axially slidably removable from the frame and arm assembly in the embodiment disclosed, it will be appreciated that driving of the cutting wheel can be achieved through the use of a motor mounted on the arm assembly against such ready removability, or by a readily separable drive unit structured other than that disclosed herein. Still further, it will be appreciated that the frame can be structured to support pivotal arm unit 14 at more than the two locations shown in connection with the preferred embodiment. These and other changes will be suggested or obvious from the disclosure of the preferred embodiment herein, whereby it should be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation.

Claims: A pipe cutting machine comprising a frame (12), roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) on said frame (12) for supporting a pipe (P) to be cut, arm means (14) for supporting a cutting wheel (50), said arm means (14) having opposite ends (48a, 48b), means (64) supporting said arm means (14) on said frame (12) for pivotal movement about a pivot axis (A), one (48a) of said opposite ends (48a, 48b) being above said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4), said cutting wheel (50) being mounted on said one end (48a) for rotation about a wheel axis (48) parallel to said pivot axis (A), means (16) to rotate said cutting wheel (50), hydraulic piston and cylinder means (17) between said frame (12) and said arm means (14) for pivoting said arm means (14) about said pivot axis (A) to displace said cutting wheel (50) in the direction toward said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4), a source of hydraulic fluid (166), and a pump for delivering fluid under pressure to said piston and cylinder means (17) to displace said arm means (14) in said direction, said pump including a fluid chamber (198) having an inlet connected to said source (166) and an outlet connected to said piston and cylinder means (17), fluid displacement means (180) in said chamber (178) for pumping fluid from said chamber (178) to said piston and cylinder means (17), characterized by said arm means (14) being supported for pivotal movement between said opposite ends (48a, 48b) thereof and said piston and cylinder means (17) being connected to the other (48b) of said opposite ends (48a, 48b) of said arm means (14), and by hand or foot operated means (184) for controlling said fluid displacement means (180) to vary the displacement of fluid from said chamber (178) to said piston and cylinder means (17). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized by means biasing said arm means (14) to pivot about said pivot axis (A) to displace said cutting wheel (50) in the direction away from said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that said biasing means includes biasing spring means (150) in said piston and cylinder means (17). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said means to rotate said cutting wheel (50) includes a drivable shaft (84) supporting said cutting wheel on said arm means (14) for rotation about said wheel axis (78), and drive motor means (16) including driven output means (114) axially slidably interengaged with said shaft (84). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that said frame (12) has axially opposite sides (20, 22) with respect to said wheel axis (78) and said shaft (84) includes a driven end extending axially outwardly of one (20) of said opposite sides (20, 22), said drive motor means (16) including a housing (90) having an axis (92) transverse to said wheel axis (78) and axially opposite ends, said driven output means (114) being adjacent one of said housing ends, and drive motor support means (52) on said arm means (14) and interengaging with said housing (90) at a location spaced from said one end of said housing (90) toward the other of said opposite ends thereof. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that said drive motor support means (52) is adjacent said other end (48b) of said arm means (14). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that said drive motor support means (52) includes a U-shaped support member opening axially outwardly of said one side (20) of said frame (12). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said frame (12) includes means for mounting said arm means (14) on said frame (12) for pivotal displacement about a selected one of a plurality of pivot axes vertically spaced apart on said frame (14). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 8, characterized by stop means (88) to limit pivotal displacement of said one end (48a) of said arm means (14) in said direction toward said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) when said arm means (14) is mounted for pivotal displacement about at least one of said plurality of pivot axes. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said arm means (14) is removably mounted on said frame (12) and said frame (12) includes means to vertically support said arm means (14) adjacent said pivot axis (A) during removal and replacement thereof. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 10, characterized in that said frame (12) has side walls (20, 22) axially spaced apart with respect to said pivot axis (A) and said arm means (14) is between said side walls (20, 22) and includes a hub (60) coaxial with said pivot axis (A), said means to vertically support said arm means (14) including means extending axially inwardly from each said side wall (20, 22) beneath said hub (60). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 11, characterized in that said means extending inwardly from said side walls (20, 22) includes a pair of projections (86) on each of said side walls (20, 22) and spaced apart thereon transverse to said pivot axis (A). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized by stop means (88) to limit pivotal displacement of said one end (48a) of said arm means (16) in said direction toward said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 13, characterized in that said frame (12) has side walls (20, 22) axially spaced apart with respect to said pivot axis (A) and said arm means (14) is between said side walls (20, 22) and has axially opposite sides (54, 56) adjacent thereto, and said stop means (88) includes means extending axially inwardly from each of said side walls (20, 22) and underlying the corresponding side (54, 56) of said arm means (14). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) are removably mounted on said frame (12) for rotation about roller axes and said frame (12) includes means (46) to vertically support said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) adjacent said roller axes during removal and replacement thereof. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 15, characterized in that said frame (12) has side walls (20, 22) axially spaced apart with respect to said roller axes and said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) are between and have axially opposite ends adjacent said side walls (20, 22), said means (46) to vertically support said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) including means extending axially inwardly from each said side wall (20, 22) beneath the corresponding ends of said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said frame (12) includes opposite side walls (20, 22) spaced apart in the direction of said pivot axis (A), each said side wall (20, 22) having a lower portion (23) including a bottom (24) and front and rear ends (26, 28) and an upper portion (30) extending upwardly from said lower portion (23) and having an upper end, and first and second handles (32, 34) respectively between said front ends (26) and between said upper ends of said side walls (20, 22). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 17, characterized in that said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) are between said front ends (26) of said side walls (20, 22) and said arm means (14) is between said upper portions (30) of said side walls (20, 22), said pivot axis (A) being below said upper ends, said first handle (32) being forwardly of said roller means (R1, R2, R3, R4) and said second handle (34) being rearwardly of said pivot axis (A). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 18, characterized by a handle (58) on said one end (48a) of said arm means (14). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 18, characterized in that said bottoms (24) of said side walls (20, 22) are adapted to rest on an underlying support surface (S), said front ends (26) including inclined portions (26a) extending upwardly and forwardly relative to said surface (S) and having outer ends (26b), said upper ends extending upwardly and rearwardly relative to said surface (S) and having outer ends, said first handle (32) extending downwardly from said outer ends (26b) of said inclined portions (26a), and said second handle (34) extending between said outer ends of said upper ends. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 20, characterized by a handle (58) on said one end (48a) of said arm means (14), said handle (58) on said arm means (14) extending forwardly of and axially across said cutting wheel (50). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said arm means (14) includes sides (54, 56) axially spaced apart with respect to said wheel axis (78) and having axially opposed inner surfaces, said cutting wheel (50) being between said inner surfaces and having axially opposite sides facing said inner surfaces, means providing shaft receiving openings (75) through said inner surfaces of said sides (54, 56) and through said opposite sides of said cutting wheel (50), shaft means (84) slidably received in said openings (75) to mount said cutting wheel (50) on said arm means (14), and guide means between said inner surfaces and said opposite sides for guiding said shaft receiving openings (75) into alignment to receive said shaft means (84) during a cutting wheel mounting operation. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 22, characterized in that said sides have upper ends and said guide means includes recesses (77) in said inner surfaces extending downwardly from said upper ends and opening into said shaft receiving openings (75) through said inner surfaces, and hubs (73) on said opposite sides of said cutting wheel (50) and coaxial with said shaft receiving openings (75) through said opposite sides, said hubs (73) being vertically slidably received in said recesses (77). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said frame (12) comprises spaced apart vertical side walls (20, 22) each having a lower portion (23) including a bottom (24) and front and rear end portions (26, 28) and an upper portion (30) extending upwardly from said lower portion (23) and having an upper end, said roller means including a plurality of rollers (R1, R2, R3, R4) each having a roller axis transverse to said side walls (20, 22), said rollers (R1, R2, R3, R4) being mounted between said front portions (26) of said side walls (20, 22), said arm means (14) being between said upper portions (30) of said side walls (20, 22) and said pivot axis (A) being transverse to said side walls (20, 22), said one end (48a) of said arm means (14) being forwardly of said pivot axis (A) and above said front end portions (26) of said side walls (20, 22) and said other end (48b) of said arm means (14) being rearwardly of said pivot axis (A) and above said rear end portions (28) of said side walls (20, 22), means including drive shaft means (84) mounting said cutting wheel (50) on said arm means (14) for rotation about said wheel axis (78), said drive shaft means (84) including input end means extending axially outwardly of said arm means (14), and said means to rotate said cutting wheel (50) including drive motor means (16) supported on said arm means (14) for pivotal displacement therewith and having output means (114) in driving interengagement with said input end means of said drive shaft means (84). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said front portions (26) of said side walls (20, 22) have axially inner sides and said rollers (R1, R2, R3, R4) are removably mounted on said front portions (26) and extend between said inner sides thereof, and projection means (46) on said inner sides of said front portions (26) and extending inwardly therefrom beneath the corresponding end of each roller (R1, R2, R3, R4) to vertically support said rollers (R1, R2, R3, R4) during removal and replacement thereof. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said upper portions (30) of said side walls (20, 22) have axially inner sides and said arm means (14) is removably mounted on said upper portions (30) and extends between said inner sides thereof, and projection means (86) are provided on said inner sides of said upper portions (30) and extending inwardly therefrom beneath the corresponding side of said arm means (14) to vertically support said arm means (14) during removal and replacement thereof. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 26, characterized in that said arm means (14) is selectively mountable on said upper portions (30) of said side walls (20, 22) in one of a plurality of vertically spaced locations, and said projection means (86) includes projection means (86) beneath said arm means (14) in each of said locations. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said arm means (14) is selectively mountable on said upper portions (30) of said side walls (20, 22) in one of a plurality of vertically spaced locations. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said drive motor means (16) includes housing means (90) having opposite ends in the direction between said one and said other ends (48a, 48b) of said arm means (14), said output means (114) being at said one end (48a) and axially slidably receiving said input end means of said drive shaft means (84), and housing support means (52) on said arm means (14) engaging with said housing means (90) between said opposite ends thereof to preclude rotation of said housing means (90) about said wheel axis (78). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 29, characterized in that said piston and cylinder means (17) is connected to said other end (48b) of said arm means (14) by pin means (64), and said housing support means includes reaction arm means (52) mounted on said other end (48b) by said pin means (64) and including a U-shaped portion opening axially outwardly to receive said housing means (90). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized by means respectively connecting said front end portions (26) and said upper portions (30) of said side walls (20, 22) to provide handle means (32, 34) respectively at said front end portions (26) and said upper portions (30). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized in that said arm means (14) includes arm sides (54, 56) at said one and said other ends (48a, 48b) spaced apart in the direction between said side walls (20, 22), said cutting wheel (50) being between said arm sides (54, 56) adjacent said one end (48a), said piston and cylinder means (17) including cylinder means (142) mounted between said rear ends (48b) of said side walls (20, 22) and piston means (144) including piston rod means (146) having an end (148) between said arm sides (54, 56) at said other end (48b) of said arm means (14). A pipe cutting machine according to claim 24, characterized by said arm means (14) including arm sides (54, 56) at said one end (48a) spaced apart in the direction between said side walls (20, 22), said cutting wheel (50) being between said arm sides (54, 56) and having axially opposite sides facing said arm sides (54, 56), means providing shaft opening means (75) through said arm sides (54, 56) and through said opposite sides of said cutting wheel (50), said drive shaft means (84) being slidably received in said opening means (75) to mount said cutting wheel (50) on said arm means (14), and guide means between said arm sides (54, 56) and said opposite sides for guiding said shaft opening means (75) into alignment to receive said drive shaft means (84) during a cutting wheel mounting operation. A pipe cutting machine according to claim 33, characterized in that said arm sides (54, 56) have upper ends and inner surfaces, and said guide means includes recesses (77) in said inner surfaces extending downwardly from said upper ends and opening into said shaft opening means (75) through said arm sides (54, 56), and hub means (73) on said opposite sides of said cutting wheel (50) and coaxial with said shaft opening means (75) through said opposite sides, said hub means (73) being vertically slidably received in said recesses (77).

Inventors: BABB LARRY FRANKLIN, GALLAGHER MICHAEL PAUL, BABB, LARRY FRANKLIN, GALLAGHER, MICHAEL PAUL
Applicants: EMERSON ELECTRIC CO, EMERSON ELECTRIC CO.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B23D21
IPC codes: B23D21, B23D29