Suspension with minimum transverse dimension and in particular for low bed vehicles

Abstract: A suspension (10) with articulated quadrilateral for a motor vehicle wheel (19) in which the hub (21) of the wheel projects from a support assembly (20) connected by joints to a lower arm (16) and to an upper arm (15) hinged to the vehicle body. Each of said arms (15,16) has a substantially U-shaped configuration with width greater than the diametrical dimension of the wheel (19) and whose wings are hinged to elements (11,12) of the vehicle body arranged at the side of the housing of the wheel (19) with the arms (15,16) turned in an opposite direction to the centre line of the vehicle.

Description: In the automotive construction art the problem of providing automotive vehicles with lowered bed is felt, i.e. vehicles in which the flatbed is at a height less than that of the wheel hubs. This is useful for example in the construction of buses having easier access to the inside. The desire for a lowered bed conflicts obviously with the requirement of having in any case to include in the pitch between the vehicle wheels the normal mechanical members such as suspensions, transmission, etc., normally arranged under the bed. To seek to satisfy these conflicting requirements involves not a few problems and in particular for positioning of the suspensions. For example, there have been proposed vehicles with lowered bed in which inside the vehicle are made side recesses for housing of the suspensions. Said recesses are produced by reducing the useful width of the cabin opposite the suspensions. One such solution involves however reduction of the useful internal volume and irregularity in the form of the cabin which involves large limits on the positioning of the interior furnishings. The article "Axle Locating and Suspension Systems for Commercial Vehicles", Society of Automotive Engineers, 8 August 1977, Vancouver, and US-A-2 330 482 disclose suspension for high bed vehicles The general purpose of the present invention is to obviate the above mentioned shortcomings by supplying an innovative suspension in which the transverse dimension of the vehicle is substantially contained in the thickness of the wheel and eliminating the need for large reductions of the useful space between the wheels. In view of said purpose it has been sought to provide in accordance with the present invention a suspension with articulated quadrilateral having the features defined in the characterizing part of claim 1 To clarify the explanation of the innovative principles of the present invention and its advantages compared with the known art there is described below with the aid of the annexed drawings a possible embodiment by way of nonlimiting example applying said principles. In the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a suspension in accordance with the present invention, Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the suspension of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a front view of the suspension of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 shows a partial cross section view through plane of cut IV-IV of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 shows a partial enlarged view through plane of cut V-V of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 shows a partial enlarged view through plane of cut VI-VI of Fig. 3, Figs. 7 and 8 show views similar to that of Fig. 1 and showing the suspension under different load stresses. With reference to the Figs. Fig. 1 shows a side view of a suspension assembly indicated generally by reference number 10 and provided in accordance with the present invention. As may be seen in Figs. 2 and 3 as well the suspension assembly has an articulated quadrilateral and includes two facing side shoulders 11 12 connected to the bed or body 13 of the vehicle and connected above by a beam 14. The shoulders 11 and 12 support between them two superimposed U arms 15 and 16 hinged at the ends of the wings of the U to the shoulders in accordance with respective horizontal axes 17 and 18. Advantageously the shoulders 11 and 12 are connected to the frame near their lower end so as to permit provision of a low bed vehicle. The horizontal axes are arranged toward the outer part of the frame and the wings of the U are turned opposite the centre line of the vehicle so that between the U arms 15 and 16 (of width greater than the diametrical dimension of the wheel) there is created a space or housing included between the shoulders to receive the wheel 19. As may be seen in Fig. 3 (where for the sake of clarity the wheel is removed and its space occupied is indicated by a dot and dash line) and in Fig. 4 between the U arms 15, 16 is arranged and anchored to the end parts of the arms an assembly 20 for support of the axle of the wheel 19. As may be seen in Fig. 4, advantageously the assembly 20 includes a motion input 22 connected to the hub 21 through a known internal gear transmission so as to be shifted downward in relation to the wheel able and permit provision of a lowered bed without interference from the transmission shaft. The hub 21 is substantially of the known art and can support for example a disk brake 23 with clamps 24. As may be seen in Fig. 5 the assembly 20 is fixed to the upper arm 15 by a spherical coupling 25 arranged in a vertical plane passing thrugh the wheel hub and to the lower arm 16 by means of a pair of spherical couplings 26, 27 arranged symmetrically in relation to said plane. In particular, the upper spherical coupling 25 is fixed to a bracket 28 projecting rearward from the assembly 20 to be inserted in the arm 15, which is in boxed construction, through a lower opening 31. The lower spherical couplings 26, 27 are fixed to L brackets 29, 30 projecting rearward in opposite directions from the assembly 20 to be inserted in the arm 16, which is also in boxed construction, through side openings 32, 33. As may be seen in Figs. 1 and 3, between the upper arm 15 and the crosspiece 14 are connected two telescoping shock absorbers 34, 35 which are advantageously inclined and arranged at the sides of the wheel. Between the arm and the crosspiece are also present two elastic elements such as for example air springs 36, 37 fixed at the top to the crosspiece by means of supports 42, 43 to be arranged each between one end of the arm 15 and corresponding shock absorber. The suspension can thus pass from the position of Fig. 1 (normal posture) to the end positions shown in Figs. 7 and 8 and representing respectively a full bump position downward and a full bump position upward. By way or example, Fig. 6 shows a cross section of one of the two air springs, the other being of course identical. As may be seen, the spring contains in its shell 41 a stop element consisting of a buffer 39 supported on the support 42 facing a striker element 40 fixed on the arm 15. Again in Fig. 6 are shown in broken lines the positions of the parts in relation to the full bump position movements of the suspension upward and downward. As may be seen, in the maximum upward travel position (corresponding to exceeding the maximum load of the vehicle) the rabbet 40 pushes against the buffer 39, deforming it elastically. The supports 42, 43 constitute pistons on which slide the membranes of the respective air springs. It is now clear that the preset purposes have been achieved. The innovative form of the suspension which makes use of the space in the length of the vehicle instead of the width (as in conventional suspensions) permits achieving a transverse dimension of the vehicle substantially near that of the thickness of the wheel and thus permits maximum utilization of the space between the wheels even with lowered beds as is seen clearly for example in Fig. 1. Naturally the above description of an embodiment applying the innovative principles of the present invention is given merely by way of example and therefore is not to be taken as a limitation of the patent right claimed here. For example, the proportions of the parts can change depending on specific constructive and operating requirements. In addition, although two symmetrical shock absorbers are shown, it is of course possible to use only one of them in an appropriate position, e.g. central.

Claims: Suspension (10) with articulated quadrilateral for a motor vehicle wheel (19) in which the hub (21) of the wheel projects from a support assembly (20) connected by joints to a lower arm (16) and to an upper arm (15) hinged to the vehicle body, damped elastic reaction means (34,35,36, 37) being provided between the vehicle body and one of said aims (15,16), characterised in that the vehicle body comprises first and second vertically extending shoulder members (11,12) arranged facing one-another at each side of the wheel (19) and in that each of said aims (15,16) has a substantially U-shaped configuration with a width greater than the width of the wheel (19) and is pivotally connected at each end to said first and second shoulder members respectively, whereby said arms (15,16) extend inwardly toward the vehicle centre. Suspension in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the supporting assembly (20) is connected to the end part of the upper arm (15) by a spherical joint (25) arranged on a vertical plane passing through the wheel axis and to the end part of the lower arm (16) by two spherical joints (26,27) arranged in spaced positions symmetrical to said plane. Suspension in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the shoulders (11,12) are connected at the top by a crossbeam member (14). Suspension in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the shoulder members 11,12 are connected to the vehicle bed (13) near their lower end. Suspension in accordance with claim 3 characterized in that between the end of the upper arm (15) and the crosspiece (14) are arranged telescopic shock absorbers (34,35). Suspension in accordance with claim 5 characterized in that the shock absorbers (34,35) are two, each being arranged near a wing of the upper arm (15). Suspension in accordance with claim 5 characterized in that the shock absorbers (34,35) are arranged inclined toward the outside of the vehicle. Suspension in accordance with claim 3 characterized in that between the crosspiece (14) and the end of the upper arm (15) are arranged elastic elements (36,37). Suspension in accordance with claim 3 characterized in that between the crosspiece (14) and the upper arm (15) are present stop elements (39,40) for maximum upward movement of the upper arm (15). Suspension in accordance with claims 8 and 9 characterized in that the elastic elements are air springs (36,37) containing stop buffers constituting said stop elements. Suspension in accordance with claims 6 and 8 characterized in that the elastic elements (36,37) are two and each of them is arranged connected to the end of the upper arm (15) in a section between a shock absorber and a wing of the arm. Suspension in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the supporting assembly (20) includes a transmission of motion to the hub (21) of the wheel having motion input (22) arranged at a height lower than that of the hub (21).

Inventors: VENTURI GIANCARLO, VENTURI, GIANCARLO
Applicants: SIRMAC OFF MECC, SIRMAC OFFICINE MECCANICHE S.P.A.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B60G5
IPC codes: B60G11, B60G5