Piperazinyl-and piperidinyl-cyclohexenes and cyclohexanes

Abstract: Novel piperazinyl - and piperidinyl cyclohexenes which conform to the formula wherein R₁ is H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ trihaloalkyl or halogen; X is an aryl or heteroaryl group; n is 0,1,2, or 3; Cy is a 1-cyclohexene or cyclohexane residue, with the C=C of the cyclohexene group linked to X; Y is N or CH; R₂ and R₃ are H or C₁₋₄alkyl; and Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or a heteroaryl group are useful in the treatment of ischemia-induced disorders, eg., stroke, and for the treatment of psychosis.

Description: BACKGROUND This invention generally pertains to piperazinyl- and piperidinyl-cyclohexenes and analogous cyclohexanes having anti-ischemic, antipsychotic and other bio-affecting properties and to their preparation and use. In some preferred embodiments, the invention is concerned with 1,4-disubstituted piperazine or piperidine derivatives wherein the 4-substituent is benzyl or substituted benzyl, and the 1-substituent is a 1-aryl-cyclohexen-4-yl or a 1-aryl-cyclohexan-4-yl moiety. These compounds and others structurally related thereto possess a unique profile that makes them useful in the treatment of ischemia-induced illnesses and psychosis. Caprathe et al. disclosed a series of piperazinyl-cyclohexene compounds characterized by structural formula A in U.S. Patent No. 4,975,445. Formula A is: wherein R¹ is an aryl or heterocyclic ring, m is 0-2 and n is 0-4. As can be seen, these earlier compounds are chemically distinguishable from the instant compounds on the basis of their chemical structures because they are aryl- or heteroaryl-piperazines, whereas the instant compounds are benzyl- or heteroarylmethyl-piperazines (when, in Formula I below, Y = N) or -piperidines (when, in Formula I below, Y = CH). Additionally, these earlier compounds are biologically distinguishable from the instant compounds, since they possess dopaminergic properties, which are associated with undesirable side effects including Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal side effects such as catalepsy. Contrastingly, the instant compounds are devoid of dopaminergic properties and the movement disorders often associated therewith. U.S. 4,954,502 to Smith et al discloses compounds of the following formula: wherein A may be a C₅₋₇ cycloalkyl ring. The compounds are taught to be antidepressants. There is no suggestion in the patent that these compounds are useful in the treatment of stroke or other ischemia-based conditions. Caprathe et al disclosed a series of piperazinyl-cyclohexanol compounds characterized by structural formula B in U.S. Pat. No. 4,957,921. Formula B is: wherein n is 0 to 4 and Ar and Ar' are aryl or heterocyclic rings. Likewise, these compounds are structurally and biologically distinguishable from the instant compounds. Chemically, the reference compounds are aryl-piperazines, while the instant compounds are benzyl- or heteroarylmethyl-piperazines. Biologically, their dopaminergic properties distinguish them from applicants' compounds, which do not have dopaminergic activity. Accordingly, the movement disorders associated with dopaminergic agents are avoided when the instant compounds are administered. SUMMARY AND DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In its broadest aspect, the invention is concerned with certain compounds which are substituted benzyl-or heteroarylmethyl-piperazinyl cyclohexenes or substituted benzyl or heteroarylmethyl piperidinyl cyclohexenes which are useful anti-ischemic and antipsychotic agents. The compounds conform to formula I : wherein R₁ is H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ trihaloalkyl or halogen ; X is an aryl or heteroaryl group ; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 ; Cy is a 1-cyclohexene or cyclohexane residue, with the C=C of the cyclohexene group linked to X ; Y is N or CH ; R₂ and R₃ are H or C₁₋₄ alkyl ; and Ar is a 2-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolyl, 4-pyridinyl, and 2-quinolinyl moiety or an unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group of formula I-I wherein X p and X q is an halogen, nitro, amino, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio and the values p and q are O to 5, with p + q ≦ 5 . Compounds of formula I include all pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or solvates (e.g., hydrates) thereof. The invention also encompasses all stereoisomers of compounds of formula I. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts based on Formula I can be obtained using inorganic or organic acids such as oxalic, sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, citric, acetic, benzoic, fumaric, cinnamic, mandelic, nitric, mucic, isethionic, palmitic or heptanoic. R may be H or a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ trihaloalkyl or halogen moiety. When R is not H, it is generally preferred that it be on alkyl, alkoxy or trihaloalkyl group containing one carbon atom. Preferred groups of this type are methyl, methoxy and trifluoromethyl groups. Another preferred group of R substituents are halogen atoms. While R may be Cl, Br, I or F, it is highly preferred that it be F. X is an aryl or heteroaryl group. X may be any of a wide variety of groups containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and one or more hetero atoms, such as N, O and S in mono- or polycyclic or bridged ring systems. Preferred X groups are: 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-napthylene or 3-indolyl. n is a number from 0 to 3. It is preferred that n be 0 or 1. Cy is a cyclohexene or cyclohexane residue aligned in the structure so that it appears as a radical. If the group is a cyclohexenyl group the double bond involves the C which is linked to X. Y may be N or CH. While it may be either, the use of piperidines (wherein Y = CH) is preferred. Ar may be any of a variety of compounds based upon a phenyl or heteroaryl ring. Useful heteroaryl groups include 2-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolyl, 4-pyridinyl, and 2-quinolinyl moiety. Ar may also be an unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group of formula I-I : wherein X p and X q may be halogen (preferably Cl or F), nitro, amino, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio or similar moieties. The values p and q may be O to 5, with p + q ≦ 5 . Ar may also be a heteroaryl group. Suitable heteroaryl groups contain O, S and/or N atoms and include 2-, 3- and 6-pyridinyl, 2-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolyl, 2-quinolinyl, and similar moieties. One preferred class of compounds of Formula I are those in which X is a phenylene group. Of that class, those in which Ar is a phenyl group are highly preferred. Preferred compounds of Formula I include : 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluoro-1-naphthalenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl) piperazine, 1-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl) piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl] piperazine, 1-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-{4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl}piperazine, 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(2-thienylmethyl)piperazine, 2{{4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(4-pyridinylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperidine, 5-Methoxy-3-[4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1 H -indole, 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, 5-Chloro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, E-1-[4-(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, Z-1-[4-(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, E-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, E-2-{{4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline, and the like. The compounds of the present invention are useful pharmacologic agents with anti-ischemic properties. Brain cells are particularly vulnerable to damage caused by ischemic conditions. Brain ischemia, or insufficient oxygen, may result from injury or disease and may last from only transient periods of time to periods of lengthy duration, as in stroke. In this regard, the compounds of Formula I are useful for treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and spinal cord and of edema due to head trauma, stroke, arrested breathing, cardiac arrest, Reye's syndrome, cerebral thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage or tumors, encephalomyelitis, spinal cord injury, hydroencephalis, and post-operative brain injury. The anti-ischemic activity of the compounds of Formula I has been demonstrated in certain pharmacological tests and model systems that are used to determine drug effects on brain ischemia and its aftermath. Most specifically, administration of the compounds of Formula I results in protecting against hypoxia-induced death in an anoxic nitrogen test in rats. This particular test identifies the neuro-protective effects of substances against lethal brain damages produced by a lack of oxygen consumption (anoxia). In this test procedure, control animals exposed for one minute to a pure nitrogen atmosphere will expire because of respiratory failure caused by irreversible damage to the brain respiratory center. The animals exhibit strong heartbeat following anoxia exposure. To demonstrate effectiveness, experimental compounds must antagonize the anoxic insult resulting in survivability of the test animals. A possible application of the present invention is a method for treating a mammal suffering from ischemia of being susceptible to ischemia, which comprises administering systematically to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Although the dosage and dosage regimen must in each case be carefully adjusted, utilizing sound professional judgement and considering the age, weight and condition of the recipient, the route of administration and the nature and gravity of the illness, generally the daily dose will be from about 0.01 to about 10 mg/kg, preferable 0.1 to 2 mg/kg, when administered parenterally and from about 1 to 50 mg/kg, when administered orally. In some instances a sufficient therapeutic effect can be obtained at lower doses while in others, greater doses will be required. Systemic administration refers to oral, rectal, transnasal, transdermal, and parenteral (i.e., intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous). Generally it will be found that when a compound is administered orally, a greater quantity of the active agent is required to produce the same effect as a similar quantity given parenterally. According to good clinical practice, it is preferred to administer the present compounds at a concentration level that will produce effective anti-ischemic effects without causing any harmful or untoward side effects. The compounds of the present invention may be administered for anti-ischemic or antipsychotic purposes either as individual therapeutic agents or as mixtures with other therapeutic agents. Therapeutically, they are generally given as pharmaceutical compositions composed of an anti-ischemic or antipsychotic amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Pharmaceutical compositions which provide from about 1 to 500 mg of the active ingredient per unit dose are preferred and are conventionally prepared as tablets, lozenges, capsules, powders, aqueous or oily suspensions, syrups, elixirs, and aqueous solutions. The nature of the pharmaceutical composition employed will, of course, depend on the desired route of administration. For example, oral compositions may be in the form of tablets or capsules and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents (e.g., starch) and wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate). Solutions or suspensions of a Formula I compound with conventional pharmaceutical vehicles are employed for parenteral compositions such as aqueous solution for intravenous injection or an oily suspension for intramuscular injection. Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by the processes set out in the following schemes: The intermediate substituted cyclohexanones, III , were prepared by condensation of cyclohexane-1,4-dione mono-ethylene ketal with a 1-arylmethylpiperazine or a 4-arylmethylpiperidine under reductive alkylation conditions such as titanium isopropoxide/NaBH₄, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride as shown in Scheme 1. The resulting ketals are cleaved under acidic conditions such as, acetone/HCl, THF/HCl, ethanol/HCl, ethanol/H₂SO₄, methanol/HCl, acetone/H₂SO₄ or THF/H₂SO₄. Other methods known to those skilled in the art may also be used. The further addition of organometallic reagents such as, Grignard reagents or organolithium reagents to the intermediates, iii , provides the 1-aryl(alkyl)-4-(arylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)cyclohexanols and the 1-aryl(alkyl)-4-(arylmethyl-1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanols, iv , as mixtures of diastereomers. The reaction may be carried out in an appropriate solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane or diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, at temperatures from -100 to 25° C. The diastereomers may be separated and the individual isomers reacted separately or the diastereomer mixture may be used in the following procedure. Means for separation of the diastereomers include recrystallization, chromatographic separation using common absorbants such as silica (silica gel) or aluminum oxide (alumina). Dehydration of the intermediates, iv , provides the compounds of formula I . Dehydration may be accomplished by heating with thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl bromide, phosphorus oxybromide, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus tribromide in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene or cyclohexane at temperatures of 20 to 80° C. Additionally the dehydration may be accomplished by reacting with trifluoroacetic acid/trifluoroacetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid, phosphorus oxychloride/pyridine, para-toluenesulfonic acid/toluene, methanesulfonic acid/cyclohexane, sodium hydrogen sulfate/toluene or methanesulfonic acid/toluene at temperatures from 0 to 110° C. Other methods for the dehydration of alcohols known to those skilled in the art may also be used. Alternatively, the crude diastereomer mixture from the reaction of the organometallic reagent and the 4-(4-arylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)cyclohexanones and 4-(4-arylmethyl-1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanones may be dehydrated directly under acidic conditions as described above. The 1-(4-indolyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-(arylmethyl)piperazines and 1-(4-indolyl-3-cyclohexen -1-yl)-4-arylmethylpiperidines I (R₁=indolyl) may be prepared (Scheme 2) by condensing the intermediates, iii , with the appropriately substituted indole in a suitable solvent such as ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dimethoxyethane or acetonitrile with basic catalysts such as pyrrolidine or piperidine at temperatures from 30 to 110°. Alternatively, the condensation may be accomplished using acidic catalysts in a suitable solvent. Scheme 3 shows an alternate synthesis of the compounds of formula i by way of intermediate ia . The intermediate substituted cyclohexanones v are obtained by addition of organometallic reagents such as Grignard reagents or organolithium reagents to 1,4-cyclohexanedione mono-ethylene ketal. These reactions are generally carried out in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, dioxane or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether at temperatures from -80 to 30° C. The ketals are cleaved under acidic conditions in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane to give the 4-aryl(alkyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanones v . Acids suitable for this hydrolysis include hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, dichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, phosphoric, para-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or benzoic. Intermediates, v , can be reductively coupled with a mono-protected piperazine, using conditions as described above in Scheme 1 for intermediates iv , to give the 1-protected piperazine intermediate, iva . Suitable protecting groups for the piperazine include carbobenzyloxy, ethyl carbamate, methyl carbamate, t-butyl carbamate, formyl, acetyl, propionyl, methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, para-toluenesulfonyl, benzyl or appropriately substituted benzyl. Highly preferred protecting groups are the t-butyl carbamate and the carbobenzyloxy group. The intermediates, iva , are readily dehydrated and deprotected to provide the 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazines, ia , under conditions similar to those described above in Scheme 1. Highly preferred for this dehydration is treatment with trifluoroacetic acid which may result in simultaneous removal of the piperazine protecting group. Other methods for deprotection of the piperazine include acid hydrolysis, basic hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis or reductive cleavage. The 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-arylmethylpiperazines, i , are prepared by alkylation of intermediate ia with such agents as arylmethyl halides, arylmethyl para-toluenesulfonates or arylmethyl methanesulfonates, in the presence a base in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone, 1,2-dichloroethane, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, at temperatures of 25 to 130° C. Suitable bases for this reaction include sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium bicarbonate, sodium or potassium hydride, sodium or potassium hydroxide, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine. Alternately, the 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazines ia may be reductively coupled with aryl aldehydes and aryl ketones to provide 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1-arylmethylpiperazines i . Reagents suitable for this reductive coupling include sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium borohydride/titanium isopropoxide or sodium cyanoborohydride/titanium isopropoxide. The reductively coupling is generally run in a solvent such as ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane or dimethoxyethane, at temperatures of 25 to 100° C. The 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1-arylmethylpiperazines, i , may also be prepared by coupling the intermediates, ia , with an aryl carboxylic acid derivative to furnish an aryl carboxamide, which can then be reduced to give the products, i . Typical acid derivatives include acid chlorides, esters, suitable imides such as those obtained from coupling reagents, e.g., carbonyl diimidazole. The carboxamides may be reduced with the usual reagents, which include lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutyl aluminum hydride, diborane or sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride. The reduction is typically carried out in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, benzene, toluene or cyclohexane, from temperatures of 0 to 120°. Other methods known to those skilled in the arts for the preparation and reduction of amides may also be used. Reduction of the compounds, i , to provide the 1-[4-aryl-(alkyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(arylmethyl)piperazines and the 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(arylmethyl)piperidines, ii , is shown in Scheme 4. This reduction may be accomplished either chemically or catalytically by means known to those skilled in the art. The preferred catalytic method is reduction with platinum oxide in acetic acid. Other catalysts suitable for this reduction include palladium on carbon, platinum on carbon, palladium hydroxide (Pearlman's catalyst), Raney nickel and rhodium on carbon in solvents such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetic acid, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or dimethoxyethane at temperatures from 20 to 80° C. Typical chemical reducing agents for this reduction include, LiAlH₄, AlH₃, borane, or complexes of borane with common tertiary amines and with common sulfides (methyl sulfide, ethyl sulfide, etc). The chemical reductions are generally carried out in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or dioxane at temperatures of 0 to 150° C. The products, ii , are obtained as mixtures of diastereomers which are separated as described in Scheme 1 above. Alternate syntheses of the 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(arylmethyl)piperazines and 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)-4-(arylmethyl)cyclohexyl]piperidines, ii , are shown in Schemes 5 and 6. The intermediate 4-arylcyclohexanones, vii , (Lednicer et al, J. Med. Chem., 1975, 5 , 1235), are condensed (Scheme 5) with the appropriately substituted piperazines or piperidines, in a manner similar to that previously described in Scheme 1, to provide the products, ii . The condensation provides isomeric mixtures of the products, ii , which are separated as previously described in Scheme 2. Alternatively, the 1-[4-aryl(alkyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(arylmethyl)piperazines, ii , may be prepared by condensation of the 4-arylcyclohexanones, vii , with an appropriately protected piperazine, preferably 1-carbobenzyloxy or 1-t-butylcarboxy piperazine as shown in Scheme 6. Other suitable protecting groups for the piperazines include, methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate, acetyl, formyl, trityl, diphenylmethyl, benzyl, appropriately substituted benzyl. The condensation provides diastereomeric mixtures of the intermediates, viii , which are deprotected to give the intermediates, ix . Methods suitable for deprotection include, acidic or basic hydrolysis, hydrazinolysis, hydrogenolysis or solvolysis. intermediates, ix , can then be alkylated as described previously in Scheme 3 to give the products, ii . EXAMPLES The compounds which constitute this invention, their methods of preparation and their biological actions will be better appreciated after consideration of the following examples, which are given for the purpose of illustration. In the following examples, temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius and melting points are uncorrected. Unless stated otherwise, all percentages given herein are weight percentages based on total composition weight. The following examples describe in detail the preparation of compounds of Formula I, as well as Formula II synthetic intermediates in each process. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications, both of materials and methods, will allow preparation of other compounds disclosed herein. A. Preparation of Formula II intermediate compounds Some representative procedures for preparation of synthetic intermediate compounds utilized above are given hereinbelow. Most starting materials and certain intermediates are either commercially available or procedures for their synthesis are readily available in the chemical literature, allowing their full utilization by one skilled in the art of organic synthetic chemistry. EXAMPLE 1 4-[4-(Phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]cyclohexanone Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (16.5 ml) was added to a mixture of 4-benzylpiperidine (8.76 g, 50 mmole) and 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal (7.81 g, 50 mmole) and heated gently. After stirring for 18 hr, the yellow oil was diluted with ethanol (100 ml) and NaBH₄ was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 hr and water (10 ml) was added to precipitate the TiO₂. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to give 15.87g of the crude ketal intermediate as a tan solid. This intermediate was stirred in a mixture of THF (75 ml) and 50% H₂SO₄ for 20 hr. The acid was neutralized with NaOH (50%) and Na₂CO₃ with ice bath cooling. The ketone product was extracted with ether and concentrated in vacuo. This yellow oil was Kügelrohr distilled to give a colorless oil that solidified upon standing to give 8.30 g of the ketone as colorless crystals (61.5%). EXAMPLE 2 4-[4-(Phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone Titanium isopropoxide (74 ml) was added to a mixture of 1-benzylpiperazine (35.2 g, 200 mmole) and 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal (31.2 g, 200 mmole). The mixture was then stirred until no ketone absorption was observed in the IR spectrum. The yellow oil was diluted with ethanol (200 ml) and sodium borohydride (7.6 g, 200 mmole) was added. The mixture was stirred for 16 hr and water (37 ml) of water was added to precipitate the TiO₂. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo . The residue was dissolved in ether and the solution washed with 1N HCl. The acid washes were basified with K₂CO₃ and the basic mixture extracted with methylene chloride. The extracts were dried over potassium carbonate and concentrated in vacuo to provide 56.5 g of ketal product which was stirred with a mixture of THF (300 ml) and 50% H₂SO₄ (300 ml) for 2 hr. The solution was diluted with water (500 ml) and carefully basified with K₂CO₃. The basic mixture was extracted with ether and the extracts dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration in vacuo and recrystallization from isopropyl ether gave the product (41 g, 71%, mp: 83-85°C). Calc'd for C₁₇H₂₄N₂O: C, 74.97%; H, 8.89%; N, 10.29%. Found: C, 74.45%; H, 8.86%; N, 10.22%. EXAMPLE 3 8-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol A solution of 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal (31.2 g, 200 mmole) in dry THF (250 ml) was added to a solution of 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide in dry THF at -60° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to 25° C and quenched with saturated NH₄Cl solution and extracted with ether. The extracts were dried with Na₂SO₄ and the solvent removed in vacuo . The residue was crystallized from hexane to give the product (89%, mp:133-135° C). Calc'd for C₁₄H₁₇FO₃: C, 66.66%; H, 6.80%. Found: C, 66.54%; H, 7.12%. EXAMPLE 4 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone A solution of 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (8.6 g, 36 mmole) in a mixture of 50% aqueous methanol and concentrated HCl (3 ml) was stirred for 78 hr. The methanol was removed in vacuo without heating and the residue extracted with ether. The extracts were dried with Na₂SO₄ and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the product (6.0 g, 86%, mp: 118-119° C). Calc'd for C₁₂H₁₃FO₂: C, 69.22%; H, 6.30%. Found: C, 69.32%; H, 6.34%. EXAMPLE 5 8-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-ene A mixture of 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (2.0 g, 7.9 mmole) and a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid in 50 ml toluene was heated at reflux for 1.5 hr. The mixture was cooled and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The toluene was removed in vacuo and the residue recrystallized from hexane to give the product (81%, mp: 84-85° C). Calc'd for C₁₄H₁₅FO₂: C, 71.78%; H, 6.46%. Found: C, 71.33%; H, 6.33%. EXAMPLE 6 8-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane A mixture of 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]dec-7-ene (36.7 mmole) and platinum oxide (0.15 g) was hydrogenated in ethanol for 1.5 hr. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the ethanol removed in vacuo to give the product (100%, mp: 51-53° C). Calc'd for C₁₄H₁₇FO₂: C, 71.17%; H, 7.26%. Found: C, 71.16%; H, 7.35%. EXAMPLE 7 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)cyclohexanone Hydrochloric acid (0.75 ml) was added to a solution 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane (10 mmole) in methanol-water (2-1,100ml). After stirring for 2 hr the methanol was removed in in vacuo and the residue extracted with methylene chloride. Removal of the methylene chloride in vacuo gave the product as an oil (87 %). EXAMPLE 8 Phenylmethyl Z-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate A mixture of phenylmethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (14 mmole), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone (14 mmole) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (16 mmole) was stirred for 2 hr. The mix was dissolved in ethanol (200 ml) and sodium borohydride (14 mmole) was added. After stirring for 12 hr water (3 ml) was added and the insoluble TiO₂ was removed by filtration. The ethanol was removed in vacuo and the residue acidified with 1N HCl to give a solid. The solid was basified with NaOH and the mixture extracted with methylene chloride. The extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solution concentrated in vacuo . The residue was crystallized from 2-propyl ether to give the product (61%, mp: 111-113° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₉FN₂O₃: C, 69.89%; H, 7.09%; N. 6.80%. Found: C, 69.82%; H, 7.09%;N, 6.70%. EXAMPLE 9 Z-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-(1-piperazinyl)cyclohexanol A mixture of phenylmethyl Z-4[4-fluorophenyl)-hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-piperazine-carboxylate (3.0 g, 7.3 mmole) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.3 g) in 50 ml ethanol was shaken with hydrogen for 5 hr. The catalyst was removed, the solution concentrated in vacuo , and the residue recrystallized from 2-propanol to give the product (85%, mp: 188-190° C). Calc'd for C₂₀H₂₄FN₄O·0.28C₅H₁₀0₂: C, 68.09%; H, 8.48%; N, 9.13%. Found: C, 67.76%; H, 8.12%; N, 9.54%. EXAMPLE 10 E and Z 1,1-Dimethylethyl 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate These compounds were prepared from 4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexanone (43 mmole) and 1,1-dimethylethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (43 mmole) by the procedure described in Example 8. The crude product was mixed with 1N HCl to give the insoluble E isomer which was the converted to the free base (47%, mp:89-91° C). Calc'd for C₂₁H₃₁FN₂O₂: C, 69.59%; H, 8.63%; N, 7.73%. Found: C, 69.84%; H, 8.43%; N, 7.74%. Purification of the mother liquor from above on silica gel eluting with methanol-methylene chloride (1:99) gave the Z isomer (8%, mp: 75-77° C). Calc'd for C₂₁H₃₁FN₂O₂·0.1C₆H₁₄: C, 69.91%; H, 8.81%; N, 7.55%. Found: C, 70.10%; H, 8.72%; N, 7.24%. EXAMPLE 11 E-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]piperazine This compound was prepared from 1,1-dimethylethyl E-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate (1.7 mmole) by treatment with TFA (as described in Example 22) to give the product as the difumarate [95%, mp: 210° C(dec)]. Calc'd for C₁₆H₂₃FN₂·2C₄H₄O₄·0.25H₂O: C, 57.77%; H, 6.39%; N, 5.61%. Found: C, 57.69%; H, 6.23%; N, 5.60%. EXAMPLE 12 Z-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]piperazine This compound was prepared from 1,1-dimethylethyl Z-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate (1.4 mmole) by the method described in Example 11 to give the product as the difumarate [81%, mp: 232° C(dec)]. Calc'd for C₁₆H₂₃FN₂·2C₄H₄O₄·0.25H₂O: C, 57.77%; H, 6.39%; N, 5.61%. Found: C, 57.79%; H, 6.42%; N, 5.51%. EXAMPLE 13 E and Z-4-(Phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-[4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexanol To a mixture of magnesium (0.48 g, 20 mmole) in 50 ml dry tetrahydrofuran containing a crystal of iodine, 4-bromobenzotrifluoride (4.5 g, 20 mmole) was added, and the mixture warmed until the color faded. An exothermic reaction began and the mixture was stirred with cooling until the magnesium dissolved. The solution was cooled to -60° C, and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone (30 g, 11 mmole) was added. After stirring for 1 h with cooling, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 3 hr. The mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ether. The combined organic solutions were washed with 1N HCl. The acid washes were basified with K₂CO₃ and the basic mixture extracted with ether. The ether extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo . The residue was triturated with isopropyl ether to give the Z isomer (24%, mp: 156-157° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₉F₃N₂O: C, 68.88%; H, 6.99%; N, 6.70%. Found: C, 69.05%; H, 7.06%; N, 6.75%. Chromatographic purification of the mother liquor on silica eluting with 2% methanol in 1:1 ethyl acetate-hexane gave the E isomer (17%, mp: 123-124° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₉F₃N₂O: C, 68.88%; H, 6.99%; N, 6.70%. Found: C, 68.54%; H, 6.54%; N, 6.55%. EXAMPLE 14 E and Z-1-(4-Fluoro-1-naphthalenyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol These compounds were prepared from 4-fluoro-1-bromonaphthalene (12 mmole) and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone (10 mmole) by the method described in Example 13 which after separation as described gave the Z isomer (12%, mp: 205-207° C). Calc'd for C₂₇H₃₁FN₂O·0.4H₂O: C, 76.17%; H, 7.53%; N, 6.59%; H₂O, 1.69%. Found: C, 76.03%; H, 7.36%; N, 6.68%; H₂O, 0.94% The E isomer was isolated as the dihydrochloride (12%, mp:290-292 dec). Calc'd for C₂₇H₃₁FN₂O.·2HCl·H₂O·O.4C₄H₆O: C, 63.26%; H, 7.15%; N, 5.31%. Found: C, 63.28%; H, 6.93%; N, 4.98%. EXAMPLE 15 E and Z-1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol These compounds were prepared from 4-bromo-1,2-methylenedioxy-benzene (15 mmole) and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone (10 mmole) by the method described in Example 13 which after separation gave the Z isomer (20%, mp: 167-168° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₃: C, 73.07%; H, 7.69%; N, 7.11%. Found: C, 73.05%; H, 7.69%; N, 7.09%. The E isomer was isolated as the difumarate salt (6% mp: 251-252 dec). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₃·C₄H₄O₄: C, 61.33%; H, 6.11%; N, 4.47%. Found: C, 61.09%; H, 5.61%; N, 4.47%. EXAMPLE 16 E and Z-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-[phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol These compounds were prepared from 4-bromoanisole (15 mmole) and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone (10 mmole) by the method described in Example 13 which after separation gave the Z isomer (50%, mp: 179-180° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₂N₂O₂: C, 75.76%; H, 8.48%; N, 7.37%. Found: C, 75.79%; H, 8.65%; N, 7.35%. The E isomer was isolated as the free base (9%, mp:154-156° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₂N₂O₂·O.2CH₂Cl₂: C, 73.12%; H, 8.22%; N, 7.05%. Found: C, 72.96%; H, 8.53%; N, 7.02%. EXAMPLE 17 E and Z-1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol These compounds were prepared from benzylmagnesium chloride (30 mmole) and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone (20 mmole) by the method described in Example 13 which after separation gave the Z isomer (6%, mp: 85-87° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₂N₂O: C, 79.08%; H, 8.85%; N, 7.69%. Found: C, 78.87%; H, 8.60%; N, 7.64%. The E isomer was isolated as the difumarate (6%, mp: 236-238° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₂N₂O·C₄H₄O₄.·0.2H₂O: C, 64.03%; H, 6.79%; N, 4.67%. Found; C, 63.85%; H, 6.70%; N, 4.67%. EXAMPLE 18 E and Z-4-{4-[(Fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}-1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexanol These compounds were prepared from 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide (25 mmole) and 4-{4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}cyclohexanone (15 mmole) by the method described in Example 13 which after separation gave the Z isomer (40%, mp: 159-160° C). Calc'd for C₂₃H₂₈F₂N₂O: C, 71.48%; H, 7,31%; N, 7.25%. Found: C, 71.48%; H, 7.22%; N, 7.17%. The E isomer was obtained as the free base (17%, mp: 104-107° C). Found: C, 71.66%; H, 7.39%; N, 7.22%. EXAMPLE 19 E and Z-4-{4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}-1-[4(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexanol These compounds were prepared from 4-bromobenzotrifluoride (40 mmole) and 4-{4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}cyclohexanone (25 mmole) by the method described in Example 13 which after separation gave the Z isomer (34%, mp: 165-166° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₈F₄N₂O: C, 66.05%; H, 6.47%; N, 6.42%. Found: C, 65.79%; H, 6.63%; N, 6.39%. The E isomer was obtained as the free base (9% mp: 126-127° C). Found: H, 65.93%; H, 6.85%; N, 6.35%. EXAMPLE 20 E and Z-1-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol To a solution of benzothiazole (20 mmole) in THF at 0° C, was added butyl lithium (20 mmole). The solution was cooled to -78° C and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazine]-cyclohexanone (20 mmole) was added. The solution was allowed to stir for 3 hr during as it was allowed to warm to 25° C. The solution was quenched with water and the solvent removed in vacuo . The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride and the solution washed with brine. The organic layer was dried with Na₂SO₄ and the solution concentrated in vacuo . The residue was crystallized from methylene chloride-ether to give the Z isomer (4%, mp: 173-176° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₉N₂OS: C, 70.73%; H, 7.18%; 10.32%. Found: C, 70.63%; H, 7.15%; 10.24%. The E isomer was isolated from the mother liquors by chromatography on alumina eluting first with ethyl acetate-hexane followed by ethyl acetate-methanol. The E product was purified as the difumarate salt (4%, mp: 234-235° C) Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₉N₂OS·C₄H₄O₄: C, 60.09%; H, 5.84%; N, 6.57%. Found: C, 59.83%: H, 5.77%; N, 6.55%. EXAMPLE 21 1,1-Dimethylethyl Z-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate A mixture of 1,1-dimethylethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (24 mmole) and 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone (24 mmole) were reacted by the method of Example 8 to give the product (79%, mp: 162-164° C). Calc'd for C₂₁H₃₁FN₂O₃·O.1H₂O: C, 66.33%; H, 8.28%; N, 7.37%; H₂O, 0.47%. Found: C, 66.14%; H, 8.12%; N, 7.26%; H₂O, 0.45%. EXAMPLE 22 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine Trifluoroacetic acid (10 ml) was added to 1,1-dimethylethyl Z-4[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate (1.9 g, 5 mmole) with immediate evolution of gas. After stirring for 1 hr, the solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue suspended in water. The mixture was basified with K₂CO₃ carbonate and extracted with methylene chloride. The extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to furnish the crude product. The material was acidified with fumaric acid in ethyl acetate to give the difumarate (85%, mp: 212-213° C). Calc'd for C₁₆H₂₁FN₂·2C₄H₄O₄: C, 58.54%; H, 5.94%; N, 5.69%. Found: C, 58.40%; H, 5.83%; N, 5.61%. B. Preparation of Compounds of Formula I EXAMPLE 23 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine A mixture of E and Z-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol (2.4 g, 6.5 mmole) and thionyl chloride (2.2 g, 18.6 mmole) in 100 ml methylene chloride was stirred for 18 hr and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid. The crude product was recrystallized from 2-propanol to give the product as the dihydrochloride hydrate [87%, mp: 283-285°C(dec)]. Calc'd for C₂₃H₂₇FN₂·2HCl·0.5H₂O: C,63.89%; H, 7.00%; N, 6.48%; H₂O, 2.08%. Found: C, 63.57%; H, 7.00%; N, 6.27%; H₂O, 1.51%. EXAMPLE 24 1-[4-(4-Fluoro-1-naphthalenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine To a suspension of 1-(4-fluoro-1-naphthalenyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperazinyl]-cyclohexanol (1.8 g, 4.3 mmole) in trifluoroacetic anhydride (10 ml), was added trifluoroacetic acid (30 ml) and the solution heated at reflux for 18 hr. The solution was diluted with water and basified with potassium carbonate. The basic mixture was extracted with ether and the extracts dried over sodium sulfate. The solution was acidified with ethanolic hydrogen chloride to give a solid. Recrystallization from methanol-water gave the product (79%, mp: 285-293° C). Calc'd for C₂₇H₂₉FN₂·2HCl: C, 68.50%; H, 6.60%; N, 5.92%. Found: C, 68.54%; H, 6.59%; N, 5.92%. EXAMPLE 25 1-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine A solution of 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol (2.0 g, 5.08 mmole) in pyridine (40 ml) and of phosphorous oxychloride (10 ml) was stirred for 18 hr and heated at 80-100° C for 2 hr. The cooled mixture was carefully added to of ice-water and the insolubles collected. The damp solid was suspended in water and the mixture basified with potassium hydroxide. The basic mixture was extracted with ether. The extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and the solution concentrated in vacuo . The solid residue was recrystallized from 2-propanol to give the product (55%, mp: 151-152° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₂: C, 76.57%; H, 7.50%; N, 7.45%. Found: C, 76.57%; H, 7.45%; N, 7.42%. EXAMPLE 26 1-[4-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-phenylmethyl)piperazine This compound was prepared from 1-(2-benzothiazolyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol (8 mmole) in a manner as described in Example 24 above to yield the crude product which was recrystallized for ethyl acetate-hexane (46%, mp: 132-134° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₇N₃S: C, 74.00%; H, 6.99%; N, 10.79%. Found: C, 73.60%; H, 6.95%; N, 10.72%. EXAMPLE 27 1-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine This compound was prepared from 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol (8.9 mmole) in a manner described in Example 25 above to yield a solid which was recrystallized from ethyl ether to give the product (87% mp: 126-128° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₀N₂O: C, 79.52%; H, 8.35%; N, 7.73%. Found: C, 79.36%; H, 8.33%; N, 7.72%. EXAMPLE 28 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine This compound was prepared from 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-[4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl]cyclohexanol (3.1 mmole) in a manner described for Example 25 above to give a solid which was recrystallized from hexane to give the product (36%, mp: 115-116° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₇F₃N₂: C, 71.98%; H, 6.80%; N, 7.00%. Found: C, 71.95%; H, 6.79%; N, 6.97%. EXAMPLE 29 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazine This compound was prepared from 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-{4-[(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl]-1-piperazinyl}cyclohexanol (2.8 mmole) in a manner described for Example 25 above to give a solid which was recrystallized from hexane to give the product ( 50%, mp: 109-110° C). Calc'd for C₂₃H₂₆F₂N₂: C, 74.98%; H, 7.12%; N, 7.51%. Found: C, 75.11%; H, 7.08%; N, 7.56%. EXAMPLE 30 1-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-{4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine This compound was prepared from 4-{4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexanol (4.6mmole) in a manner described for Example 25 above to provide a solid which was recrystallized from petroleum ether to give the product (70%, mp: 108-109°C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₆F₄N₂: C, 68.88%; H, 6.26%; N, 6.69%. Found: C, 68.98%; H, 6.42%; N, 6.65%. EXAMPLE 31 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine This compound was prepared from 1-(phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanol (5.5 mmole) in a manner described for Example 25 above to give a solid which was converted to the fumarate salt and recrystallized from methanol-ethyl acetate (84%, mp: 241-243° C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₃₀N₂·2C₄H₄O₄: C, 66.43%; H, 6.62%; N, 4.85%. Found; C, 66.48%; H, 6.50%; N, 4.88%. EXAMPLE 32 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(2-thienylmethyl)piperazine A solution of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (4 mmole), 1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine (4 mmole), and sodium cyanoborohydride (4 mmole) was heated at reflux for 6 hr. The solution was acidified with HCl. After stirring for 1 hr the ethanol was removed in vacuo . The residue was basified with NaOH and the mixture extracted with methylene chloride. The solution was dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solution concentrated in vacuo . The residue was dissolved in ethanol and acidified with HCl to give the product as the dihydrochloride [47%, mp: 287-280° C (dec)]. Calc'd for C₂₁H₂₅FN₂S·2HCl·0.5H₂O: C, 57.53%; H, 6.44%; N, 6.39%; H₂O, 2.05%. Found: C, 57.63%; H, 6.40%; N, 6.51%; H₂O, 1.10%. EXAMPLE 33 2{{4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline A mixture of 2-chloromethylquinoline (4.7 mmole), and 1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine (4.7 mmole) and excess powdered K₂CO₃ was heated at reflux for 18 hr. The insolubles were removed by filtration, the solution concentrated in vacuo , and the residue crystallized from hexane to give the product (53%, mp: 111-114° C). Calc'd for C₂₆H₂₈FN₃; C, 77.78%; H, 7.03%; N, 10.47%. Found; C, 77.61; H, 6.91%; N, 10.72%. EXAMPLE 34 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(4-pyridinylmethyl)piperazine A mixture of 4-chloromethylpyridine (3.8 mmole) and 1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine were reacted by the method of Example 33 to give the product as the difumarate [67%, mp: 192-194 °C (dec)]. Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₆FN₃ ·2C₄H₄O₄: C 61.75%; H, 5.88%; N, 7.20%. Found: C, 61.66%; H, 5.87%; N, 7.17%. EXAMPLE 35 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperidine 4-Fluorophenyl magnesium bromide (10 mmole) and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]cyclohexanone (7.38 mmole) were reacted by the method described in Example 13 to give the intermediate mixture of E and Z alcohols. This crude mixture was then dehydrated using SOCl₂ in CH₂Cl₂ by the method described in Example 23 to give the crude product which was purified by chromatography on silica gel using EtOAc as the eluent. The pure product was converted the HCl salt in acetone using 12N HCl (23.3 % overall, mp: 214-217 °C). Calc'd for C₂₄H₂₈NF·HCl·0.25H₂O: C, 73.83%; H, 7.62%; N, 3.59%. Found: C, 73.85%; H, 7.61%; N, 3.56%. EXAMPLE 36 5-Methoxy-3-[4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1 H -indole A solution of 5-methoxyindole (3.68 mmole), 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone (3.68 mmole), and pyrrolidine (0.25 ml) in ethanol (10 ml) was heated at reflux for 96 hr. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by chromatography on silica eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane to give the product which was converted to the fumarate salt in ethyl acetate (38.4%, mp: 199-200° C). Calc'd for C₂₆H₃₁N₃O·2C₂H₂O₂: C, 64.45%; H, 6.21%; N, 6.64%. Found: C, 64.42%; H, 6.21%; N, 6.61%. EXAMPLE 37 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole This compound was prepared from 5-fluoroindole and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone in a manner described for Example 36 above to give the product as the fumarate salt (76%, mp: 202-205° C). Calc'd for C₂₅H₂₈FN₃·C₄H₄O₄: C, 69.04%; H, 6.20%; N, 8.33%. Found: C, 68.81%; H, 6.34%; N, 8.25%. EXAMPLE 38 5-Chloro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole This compound was prepared from 5-chloroindole and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexanone in a manner described for Example 36 above to give the product as the fumarate salt (56%, mp: 191-195° C). Calc'd for C₂₅H₂₈ClN₃·2C₄H₄O₄: C, 62.12%; H, 5.69%; N, 6.59%. Found: C, 62.01%; 5.50%; N, 6.52%. EXAMPLE 39 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole This compound was prepared from 5-fluoroindole and 4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]cyclohexanone by the method described in Example 36 to give the product (87.1%, mp:72-74°C). Calc'd for C₂₆H₂₉FN₂·0.15C₂H₅OH: C, 79.83%; H, 7.72%; N, 7.04%. Found: C, 79.89%; H, 7.63%; N, 7.09%. EXAMPLE 40 E and Z-1-[4-(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine A mixture of platinum oxide (0.1 g) and 1-[4-(4-fluoronaphthen-1-yl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine (1.1 g, 2.7 mmole) in 20 ml acetic acid was hydrogenated for 13 hr. The catalyst was removed and the solution concentrated in vacuo . The residue was suspended in water and the mixture basified with potassium carbonate. The mixture was extracted with ether, the extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and the solution concentrated in vacuo . The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with 2-propanol-ethyl acetate-hexane (3:10:87). Fractions containing the less polar material were concentrated in vacuo to give the Z isomer (25%, mp: 130-132°C). Calc'd for C₂₇H₃₁FN₂·O.1H₂O: C, 80.21%; H, 7.78%; N, 6.93%. Found: C, 80.12%; H, 7.80%; N, 6.89%. The E isomer was obtained upon concentration of fractions containing the more polar material (20%, mp: 90-93° C). Calc'd for C₂₇H₃₁FN₂·0.1H₂O: C, 80.21%; H, 7.78%; N, 6.93%. Found: C, 80.06%; H, 7.82%, N, 6.87%. EXAMPLE 41 E-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine A mixture of 4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexanone (7.8 mmole) and 1-(phenylmethyl)-piperazine (7.8 mmole) were reacted as described in Example 8. The crude isomer mixture was purified as described in Example 40. Concentration of the fractions containing the more polar isomer gave the E product (22%, mp:106-106° C). Calc'd for C₂₃H₂₉FN₂: C, 78.38%; H, 8.30%; N, 7.95%. Found: C, 78.02; H, 8.20%; N, 7.90%. EXAMPLE 42 E-2-{{4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline This compound was prepared from E-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]piperazine (2.4 mmole) and 2-chloromethylquinoline hydrochloride (2.4 mmole) by the method described in Example 33 to give the product (82%, mp 160-162° C). Calc'd for C₂₆H₃₀FN₃·0.2H₂O: C, 76.70%; H, 7.53%; N, 10.32% Found: C, 76.68%; H, 7.49%; N, 10.32%. Example 43 Anoxic Nitrogen Test in Rats The animals utilized are male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-400 grams) housed four animals per cage in a normal controlled environment with unlimited access to food and water. Usually there are 8 animals per dose, however, 4 animals can be employed to obtain an initial impression of a compound's activity. Animals surviving the anoxic insult are sacrificed through CO2 inhalation following completion of the observation session (2 hr). Method Animals are parenterally or orally administered the vehicle or test compound 30 minutes before the anoxic insult. The anoxic episode consists of placing up to 4 animals in the sealed test chamber (10" l X 10" w X 6" h) continuously flushed with pure N2 (4.5 grade) at a flow rate of 5 SCFM for 1 min. Animals are then promptly removed to normal atmosphere and observed for the 2 hour period. Typically, animals become disoriented within 15 sec after which they remain motionless. Even though the heart is still beating after the N2 exposure, all control animals fail to gasp when removed from the chamber and usually expire within 3 minutes. Drug treated animals, however, still gasp or start gasping after being removed which is a good indication is an animal will survive the N2 exposure [see Wauquire, A., et al: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 249, 330-334 (1981); Wauquier, A., et al: Drug Dev. Res., 8, 373-380 (1986)]. Results are recorded as: (Number of animals surviving (2 hr) / Number of animals tested) x 100% and are statistically evaluated using the Finney Dose Reponse program for determination of the ED50. Table 1 shows the biological activities of the compounds made in Examples through 23-42: EXAMPLE D₂ IC₅₀ nM Sigma IC₅₀ nM Anoxic Nitrogen test % Protection-(dose, mpk) ED₅₀ mg/kg 23 7.8,000 1.9 100 (15,20) 6.8 24 - - 100 (50) - 25 37,300 1.9 92 (40) 10.4 26 31,900 3.9 100 (80) 15.3 27 >1,000 0.9 92 (20,30) 7.6 28 10,700 4.5 100 (10) 3.0 29 - 0.6 92 (20) 3.9 30 >100,000 6.9 100 (20) - 31 - 2.1 75 (5) 3.3 32 >1K - 100 (40) - 33 5.3K - 83 (20) - 34 70,000 0.5 83 (20) - 35 - 4.0 88 (40) - 36 - 6.2 88 (40) 17.9 37 - 8.6 92 (10-60) 0.7 38 - 31.4 100 (20) 17.1 39 - 11.1 67 (20-40) - 40E >1,000 3.3 100 (40) - 40Z >100,00 6.9 63 (40) - 41 1,200 0.7 75 (20,40) - 42 4,400 - 83 (5,20) - The compounds comprising the present invention are selective agents at the sigma receptor. It has been suggested that specific sigma antagonists are an interesting approach in the development of new anti-ischemic agents [see: D. Lobner and P. Lipton: Neurosci . Lett . 117 , 169-174 (1990); and T.S. Rao, et. al., Neuropharmacology 29 , 1199-1204 (1990b)]. Furthermore, there is evidence that sigma agents may be useful in the treatment of psychosis [see: Su, T.-P.: Neurosci . Lett . 71 : 224-228 (1986)]. Compounds of the present invention are thus envisioned to be useful in the treatment of psychosis, as well as in the treatment of brain ischemia. In vitro IC₅₀ test values for binding to the sigma receptor were determined for representative compounds of Formula I by the method of Tam and Cook [see: Tam, S.W., and Cook, L: Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA 81 , 5618-5621 (1984)] with only minor modifications. Test IC₅₀ values lower than 100 nM are considered to reflect activity at the sigma receptor. Compounds with IC₅₀ values lower than 40 nM comprise the preferred compounds. The Anoxic nitrogen test is an in vivo model of brain ischemia in rats [see: Wauquire, A., et al: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 249, 330-334 (1981); Wauquier, A., et al: Drug Dev. Res., 8, 373-380 (1986)]. Compounds of the present invention are active in this in vivo model of brain ischemia when given subcutaneously in the doses indicated in Table 1, thus providing additional evidence that the present compounds will be useful in the treatment of brain ischema. It is also known that agents which interact with dopaminergic receptors can produce movement disorders and other extrapyramidal side effects (see: R.J. Baldessarini, "Drugs and the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders," in " Goodman and Gilman's: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics ," 8th ed., p. 428, A.G. Goodman, T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies, and P. Taylor, Editors, Pergamon Press, Inc., Fairview Park, N.Y., 1990). The compounds of the present invention are inactive at the dopaminergic receptors at the doses used to treat disorders such as anxiety, thus the risk of extrapyramidal side effects is small. In vitro IC₅₀ test values for binding to the D₂ receptor were determined for representative compounds of Formula I by the method of Burt, Creese, and Snyder, Molecular Pharmacology 12 , 800 (1976); Creese, Burt, and Snyder, Science 196 , 326 (1977); and Creese, Burt and Snyder, Science 192 , 481 (1976). Test IC₅₀ values greater than 1,000 nM are considered to reflect inactivity at the D₂ receptor, indicating the risk of extrapyramidal side effects is small. Compounds with IC₅₀ values greater than 1,000 nM comprise the preferred compounds. Reasonable variations, such as those which would occur to a skilled artison, may be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims: A compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof : wherein R₁ is H, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ trihaloalkyl or halogen ; X is an aryl or heteroaryl group ; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 ; Cy is a 1-cyclohexene or cyclohexane residue, with the C=C of the cyclohexene group linked to X ; Y is N or CH ; R₂ and R₃ are H or C₁₋₄ alkyl ; and Ar is a 2-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolyl, 4-pyridinyl, and 2-quinolinyl moiety or an unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group of formula I-I wherein X p and X q is halogen, nitro, amino, carboxamide, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋ ₄ alkoxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkylthio and the values p and q are O to 5, with p + q ≦ 5 . The compound of claim 1 wherein X is a phenylene group. The compound of claim 2 wherein Ar is a phenyl group. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of : 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluoro-1-naphthalenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazine, 1-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-{4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl}piperazine, 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(2-thienylmethyl)piperazine, 2{{4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(4-pyridinylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Flourophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperidine, 5-Methoxy-3-[4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1 H -indole, 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, 5-Chloro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, E-1-[4₋(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, Z-1-[4-(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, E-1-[4-(Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, E-2-{{4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective anti-ischemia amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition of claim 5 wherein X is a phenylene group. The composition of claim 6 wherein Ar is a phenyl group. The composition of claim 5 wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluoro-1-naphthalenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl) piperazine, 1-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl] piperazine, 1-[(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-{4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-yl}piperazine, 1-(Phenylmethyl)-4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(2-thienylmethyl)piperazine, 2{{-4-[4-( Fuorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1-piperazinyl}methyl}quinoline 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(4-pyridinylmethyl)piperazine, 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-yl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperidine, 5-Methoxy-3-[4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-1 H -qindole, 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyolohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, 5-Chloro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, 5-Fluoro-3-{4-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl}-1 H -indole, E-1-[4-(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, Z-1-[4-(4-Fluoronaphthyl)cyclohexyl]-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine, Use of the compound according to one of claims 1 to 4 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating ischemia-induced brain disorders in a mammal afflicted with such ischemias. Use of the compound according to one of claims 1 to 4 in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing ischemia-induced brain disorders in a mammal being susceptible to such ischemias.

Inventors: CATT JOHN D, MATTSON RONALD J, CATT, JOHN D., MATTSON, RONALD J.
Applicants: SQUIBB BRISTOL MYERS CO, BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C07D295
IPC codes: C07D403, C07D401, A61K31, C07D295, C07D417, C07D333, C07D215, C07D213, A61P25, C07D277, C07D209, A61P9, C07D317, C07D211