Ultrasonic transducer assembly

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) comprises a transducer unit (26, 68) having an array transducer (28) composed of a plurality of transducer elements (28A) for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to effect electronic scannig, and a casing (21) for housing the transducer unit (26, 68) therein. The casing (21) has a contact surface (24A) to be brought into contact with an object to be examined (14), and in the casing (21) there is disposed a swing mechanism for swinging or pivoting the transducer unit (26, 68) with respect to a virtual rotative axis (32) which is determined on an electronic scanning plane produced by the array transducer and in the vicinity of the contact portion (24A) of the casing (21). The swing mechanism includes a pair of guide members (34L, 34R) formed with arc-shaped guide routes concentrically arranged with the virtual rotative axis as its center, a linking mechanism (36L, 40, 41, 42, 36R, 43, 44, 45) for linking the transducer unit (26, 68) with the guide members (34L, 34R) in such a way that the transducer unit (26, 68) can be pivoted or swung along the arc-shaped guide routes of the guide members (34L, 34R) with respect to the virtual rotative axis (32); and a driving mechanism (48, 50, 52) for reciprocatingly moving the transducer unit (26, 68) along the arc-shaped guide routes of the guide members (34L 34R). In this ultrasonic transducer assembly, a three-dimensional echo data acquiring region can be produced based on the shift of the electronic scanning plane with the virtual rotative axis (32) as its center by the swinging mechanism. The virtual rotative axis (32) is located in the vicinity of the contact surface (24A) of the casing (21). Therefore, when the contact surface (24A) of the transducer assembly (20) is brought into contact with the body surface between the ribs (100) of a patient to be examined (14), it is possible to acquire three-dimensional echo data through the space between the ribs (100), without being subject to the influence of the presence of the ribs (100).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer assembly ("ultrasonic probe") used for an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, and more particularly to an ultrasonic transducer assembly capable of acquiring three-dimensional echo data of a region within a living body to be examined. Description of the Prior Art An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus electrically processes echo data acquired by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to and from a region within a living body to be examined, and displays tomographic images and blood flow images and the like on the basis of the processed echo data. In the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received through an ultrasonic transducer assembly which is brought into contact with the body surface (e.g., a skin) of a patient to be examined. The ordinary ultrasonic transducer assembly is connected to a mainframe of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus via a cable for improvement of the movability and operatability of the transducer assembly. The ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received to and from a region within a patient to be examined with the use of an ultrasonic transducer provided in the transducer assembly. In the conventional ultrasonic transducer assembly as described above, the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly disposed inside the transducer assembly. Therefore, whenever a diagnostic region, that is, a region from which echo data are acquired is required to change, it has been so far necessary to incline the ultrasonic transducer assembly which is in contact with the body surface of a patient to be examined by manual operation or with another mechanism prepared separately. Recently, due to the advance of the image processing technology, there has been proposed an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus capable of displaying three-dimensional ultrasonic images. In addition, an ultrasonic transducer assembly capable of acquiring three-dimensional echo data of a region within a patient to be examined has also been proposed (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5, 152, 294). Figs. 1 and 2 are schematical views showing the prior art ultrasonic transducer assemblies for acquiring three-dimensional echo data. Fig. 1 shows a typical example of the conventional ultrasonic transducer assembly, and Fig. 2 shows the ultrasonic transducer assembly disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent. As shown in Fig. 1, the transducer assembly 8 includes a transducer unit 12 which is movably arranged within a casing 10 of the transducer assembly 8. This transducer unit 12 is adapted to be movable reciprocatingly in the right and left directions (the arrow directions A in Fig. 1) within the casing 10. The transducer unit 12 includes an array transducer (not shown) which is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements. These transducer elements are arranged on a transmitting and receiving surface 12a of the transducer unit 12 which would, in use, face to a patient 14 to be examined. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted from and received by the ultrasonic transducer elements in the direction roughly perpendicular to the transmitting and receiving surface 12a. Here, the respective ultrasonic transducer elements constituting the array transducer are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the transmitting and receiving surface 12a. Accordingly, it is possible to produce a scanning plane S1 (an area form which two-dimensional echo data can be obtained) by scanning the array transducer electronically. Further, under the condition, when the transducer unit 12 is moved mechanically for mechanical scanning in the right and left directions (the arrow directions A in Fig. 1), the electronic scanning plane S1 is also shifted. With this result, it is possible to acquire echo data of a three-dimensional region by shifting the electronic scanning plane S1 in the arrow directions A. In the case where the transducer assembly 8 as shown in Fig. 1 is used for ultrasonic diagnosis, the three-dimensional echo data acquiring region is formed in such a way that the plane S2 along which the electronic scanning plane S1 is shifted by mechanical scanning (hereinafter, referred to "as mechanical scanning plane") becomes a rectangular shape. On the other hand, with respect to the transducer assembly 16 shown in Fig. 2, a transducer unit 18 including an array transducer (not shown) composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements is swung mechanically for mechanical scanning in the arrow directions A within a casing 10. In accordance with this transducer assembly 16, the electronic scanning plane S1 can be produced by electronically scanning the array transducer. In addition, the three-dimensional echo data acquiring region can be formed in such a way that the mechanical scanning plane S2 becomes roughly trapezoidal when the transducer unit 18 is swung mechanically. As described above, when the transducer assembly 8 or 16 as shown in Fig. 1 or 2 is used for the ultrasonic diagnosis, it is possible to acquire the three-dimensional echo data of a region in a patient to be examined simply and accurately, without moving the casing 10 of the transducer assembly by manual operation or with another mechanism provided separately. In the above-mentioned prior art transducer assemblies 8 and 16, however, there is a problem in that it is difficult to acquire echo data, depending on the parts or regions to be diagnosed. For instance, when the transducer assembly is brought into contact with the breast of a patient to be examined in order to diagnose the heart therein, shade portions 102 are inevitably produced on the back side of the ribs 100 as shown in the drawings since the ribs transmit less ultrasonic waves. In other words, since reflected echo cut off by the ribs 100 cannot be received by the transducer, the acquired echo data is not complete and noise is liable to be generated, thus raising a serious problem in that the displayed three-dimensional ultrasonic images are indistinct. Therefore, the prior art ultrasonic transducer assemblies could not be used in the diagnosis for a heart. Furthermore, an ultrasonic transducer assembly is known from EP-0-184 337 A1 comprising a transducer unit which is rotatably mounted in a casing which allows ultrasonic beams to be steered during imaging to the point in the body where flow measurement is to be taken. This ultrasonic transducer assembly is therefore provided for a flow measurement based on the Doppler-effect. The transducer unit can swing around a virtual point which is arranged inside of the casing of the ultrasonic transducer assembly. Therefore, this assembly is also not adapted to acquire echo data of the heart because shade portions are inevitably produced on the backside of the ribs. A similar ultrasonic transducer assembly is disclosed in FR-2 298 107 A comprising a transducer unit which is swingable mounted in a casing. The central part of a face surface of the transducer unit remains constant during the swinging movement of the transducer unit, thus the central part of the face surface constitute a virtual rotative axis around which the transducer unit is swung. In the US-4,433,691 an ultrasonic transducer assembly is described comprising a transducer unit which is swingable mounted around a pivot axis being arranged inside the casing. Thus this device provides the same problems as the one mentioned above. US-4,183,249 discloses an array transducer arranged in a concave arc-shaped transducer unit. This array transducer unit emits ultrasonic beams being focused between adjacent ribs when the probe is abutted onto the body surface. This array transducer unit needs a great number of transducer elements to gain a sufficient resolution. Therefore this tranducer unit is not of the type comprising a linear transducer element being swung around a certain axis. This invention has been made in order to overcome the problems involved in the prior art ultrasonic transducer assemblies for acquiring three-dimensional echo data. Therefore, it is the primary object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic transducer assembly capable of acquiring three-dimensional echo data by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to and from a region in a living body to be examined through the space between ultrasonic beam shading objects such as ribs. In the ultrasonic transducer assembly according to claim 1 ultrasonic waves are transmitted from and received by the transducer elements of the array transducer provided in the transducer unit housed within the casing to produce an electronic scanning plane. The transducer unit is further swung by the swinging means provided within the casing about the virtual rotative axis which is determined on the electronic scanning plane and in the vicinity of the contact portion of the casing, in such a matter that said virtual rotative axis is positioned between adjacent ribs when the contact portion is abutted onto the body surface of the patient for diagnosis. Therefore, when the transducer unit is swung or pivoted, the electronic scanning plane produced by the array transducer is rotatively shifted in a predetermined angular range with the virtual rotative axis as its center, in a direction reverse to the direction along which the transducer unit is shifted mechanically, thereby performing mechanical scanning which produces a mechanical sector scanning plane the apex of which is located on the virtual rotative axis. As a result, it is possible to acquire three-dimensional echo data of the region defined by the electronic scanning plane and the mechanical sector scanning plane. In other words, since the virtual rotative axis is included in the electronic scanning plane produced by electronically scanning the array transducer and further the electronic transducer unit is swung mechanically with respect to the virtual rotative axis, the electronic scanning plane is shifted in the direction normal to the electronic scanning plane in accordance with the swing motion of the transducer unit. As a result, it is possible to produce a three-dimensional echo data acquiring region having the mechanical sector scanning plane the apex of which is on the virtual rotative axis. In this case, the virtual rotative axis is located in the vicinity of the contact portion which is formed on the end portion of the casing. Therefore, when the end portion of the casing is brought into contact with the body surface between the adjacent ribs of a patient to be examined for instance, it is possible to acquire three-dimensional echo data through the space between the ribs without being subjected to the influence of the presence of the ribs. As a result, it becomes possible to diagnose the heart of a patient based on the acquired three-dimensional echo data. Preferably, the contact portion of the casing is formed into an elongated surface, and the virtual rotative axis is set so as to extend along the contact surface. The swinging means comprises preferably guiding means formed with at least one arc-shaped guide route the center of which is positioned on the virtual rotative axis; linking means for linking the transducer unit with the guiding means in such a way that the transducer unit can be swung along the arc-shaped guide route of said guiding means with the virtual rotative axis as its center; and driving means for reciprocatingly moving the transducer unit along the arc-shaped guide route of the guiding means. The guiding means is preferably constituted from a pair of guide members arranged in parallel to each other with a space therebetween in a direction along which the transducer elements are arranged. Preferably, each of the guide members is an arch-shaped plate member formed with first and second arc-shaped guide routes arranged concentrically with a space in a radial direction thereof, or two rails, which provide first and second arc-shaped guide routes, arranged concentrically with a space in the radial direction thereof. The curvature of these arc-shaped guide routes are determined so that the virtual rotative axis is located near the contact portion of the casing of the transducer assembly. The linking means can be composed preferably of a pair of arms extending from both the longitudinal end portions of the transducer unit to the guiding means, respectively, and a plurality of rollers provided on each of the arms and rotatably engaged with each of the first and second guide routes of the guide members. Further, the driving means comprises preferably a motor and a belt for transmitting power of the motor to the transducer unit. In the ultrasonic transducer assembly having the above-mentioned swinging means, it is possible to realize the swinging mechanism of the transducer unit by a simple construction which can be accommodated in a limited space within the casing of the transducer assembly. Therefore, it is possible to make the transducer assembly small in size and excellent in manipulation. Within the casing of the transducer assembly, an acoustic medium bath can be provided in such a way as to be formed hermetically by a partition diaphragm attached to the inner peripheral surface of the casing and the periphery of the transducer unit. This acoustic medium bath is filled with an acoustic medium such as water whose acoustic impedance is roughly equal to that of a living body. According to the ultrasonic transducer assembly having the acoustic medium bath as described above, since the transducer assembly can be directly coupled to a living body acoustically, it is possible to improve the acoustical matching property. Further, the ultrasonic transducer assembly can include detecting means for detecting swing positions of the transducer unit. When the detecting means as described above is provided, it is possible to detect the scanning positions of the transducer unit. In the array transducer, the transducer elements are arranged so as to effect a convex scanning, a sector scanning, or a linear scanning. Further, it is also possible to use an array transducer in which the transducer elements are arranged in concave shape. In the ultrasonic transducer assembly having the array transducer as described above, it is possible to diagnose a region in a living body through a narrow ultrasonic transmission area (e.g., the space between the ribs). In particular, in the case of the array transducer having transducer elements arranged in concave shape, it is possible to diagnose an inner part of a patient to be examined through a small ultrasonic transmission area such as a hole bored in the skull. The casing is preferably formed such that the contact portion projects toward a patient to be examined in triangular prism shape. According to the configuration of the casing, the contact portion can be easily brought into contact with the body surface between the ribs. The other and further objects, structure and advantages of the present invention will be clarified by the following description of the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a first example of the prior art ultrasonic transducer assembly for acquiring three-dimensional echo data; Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a second example of the prior art ultrasonic transducer assembly for acquiring three-dimensional echo data; Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing the ultrasonic transducer assembly according to the present invention; Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view showing the ultrasonic transducer assembly according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the data acquiring region produced by the transducer assembly 20 shown in Figs. 3 and 4; Fig. 6 is an illustration showing the state where the transducer assembly 20 is in contact with a patient being examined vertically; Fig. 7 is an illustration showing the state where the transducer assembly 20 is in contact with a patient being examined obliquely; and Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a modification of the transducer unit and the data acquiring region produced by the modification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the ultrasonic transducer assembly according to the present invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the attached drawings, in which Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing the ultrasonic transducer assembly according to the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a front cross-sectional view showing the same. With reference to Figs. 3 and 4, the ultrasonic transducer assembly 20 is connected to a mainframe of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) via a cable 19, and is brought into contact with the body surface of a patient to be examined (e.g., the breast) for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to and from a region to be diagnosed. When seen from the lateral side as shown in Fig. 3, a grip portion of an upper casing 22 is formed into a narrow shape so as to be held easily by the operator. On the other hand, a lower casing 24 is formed into a substantially triangular prism shape such that the lower casing 24 can be easily brought into contact with the body surface between the ribs of a patient to be examined, for instance. The outer end of the lower casing 24 is formed into an elongated contact surface 24A which would, in use, contact with a patient to be examined. However, when seen from the front side as shown in Fig. 4, both the upper and lower casings 22 and 24 are formed into a substantially rectangular shape, respectively. Within the casing 21, a transducer unit 26 for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves is housed so as to be swung freely. As depicted in Fig. 4, this transducer unit 26 is formed into a convex shape. In more detail, in the transducer unit 26, there is provided an array transducer 28. The array transducer 28 is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements 28a arranged along a convex-shaped transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26. Therefore, ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received through the transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26 for effecting electronic convex scanning. Further, an acoustic lens 30 is disposed on the transmitting and receiving surface 26A to focus the ultrasonic waves transmitted and received through the surface 26A. When the array transducer 28 thus constructed is energized electronically, ultrasonic waves are transmitted radially from the transducer elements, so that it is possible to produce an electronic scanning plane (the two-dimensional data acquisition region) S1. The transducer unit 26 is further swung mechanically by a mechanical scanning mechanism which is constructed as follows: As shown in Fig. 3, a virtual rotative axis 32 of the transducer unit 26 is determined on the electronic scanning plane S1 in the vicinity of the contact surface 24A of the casing 21 so as to extend along the contact surface 24A. Preferably, the position of the virtual rotative axis 32 with respect to the lower casing 24 is set such that the axis 32 is positioned between the ribs of a patient to be examined when the contact surface 24A of the lower casing 24 is abutted onto a body surface of the patient for diagnosis. Accordingly, the transducer unit 26 can be swung or pivoted with respect to the virtual rotative axis 32, in a predetermined angular range within the casing 21, under the condition that the transmitting and receiving surface 26A faces the virtual rotative axis 32. Within the casing 21, there is disposed a guiding means having an arc-shaped guide route (whose center is on the virtual rotative axis 32). In more details, the guiding means is constituted from a pair of arch-shaped guide plates 34R and 34L arranged on both sides of and above the transducer unit 26 in parallel to each other with a space therebetween in the direction the transducer elements are arranged. Each of the arc-shaped guide plates 34R and 34L is formed with an upper curved surface which provides a first arc-shaped guide route and a lower curved surface which provides a second arc-shaped guide route. The first and second curved surfaces are positioned concentrically with a radial space therebetween. The curvatures of these first and second guide routes are so determined that the centers of these curvatures are located at the virtual rotative axis 32. In other words, the curvatures of the upper and lower curved surfaces of these guide plates 34R and 34L are so determined that the virtual rotative axis 32 of the transducer unit 26 is located on the electronic scanning plane S1 in the vicinity of the contact surface 24A. In this case, the angle determined by the arc-shaped guide route about the virtual rotative axis 32 is preferably set to 60 degrees. Further, the guide plates 34R and 34L are cut out into a semicircular shape at both the ends thereof, respectively so as not to be interfered with other parts. Lower ends of a pair of arms 36R and 36L are linked to both side ends of the transducer unit 26, respectively, and the upper ends of these arms 36R and 36L extend along the respective outer side of the guide plates 34R and 34L. Three rollers 40 to 42 and 43 to 45 are rotatably attached to the arms 36R and 36L, respectively. These rollers are rotatably engaged with the upper and lower curved surfaces of the guide plates 34R and 34L as shown in Fig. 3. In more details, as shown in Fig. 4, the roller 43 disposed on the arm 36R is rotatably engaged with the upper curved surface of the guide plate 34R, and the two rollers 44 and 45 disposed on the arm 36R are rotatably engaged with the lower curved surface of the guide plate 34R. On the other hand, the roller 40 disposed on the arm 36L is rotatably engaged with the upper curved surface of the guide plate 34L, and the two rollers 41 and 42 disposed on the arm 36L are rotatably engaged with the lower curved surfaces of the guide plate 34L, in the same way as the guide plate 34R. As described above, since both the upper and lower sides of the guide plates 34R and 34L are sandwiched by the rollers rotatably disposed on the respective arms 36R and 36L, it is possible to move the transducer unit 26 along the upper and lower curved surfaces of the guide plates 34R and 34L via the arms 36R and 36L. This movement of the transducer unit 26 realize the swing motion of the transducer unit 26 in a perdetremined angular range, the rotative axis of which coincides with the virtual rotative axis 32. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the thickness of the guide plate 34L is larger than that of the guide plate 34R. This is because the ultrasonic unit 26 is driven on the side of this guide plate 34L through the driving means the structure of which is described herein below. Further, in this embodiment, although a pair of arc-shaped plate members (the guide plates 34R and 34L) are used as the guiding means, it is also possible to construct the respective guiding means by two arc-shaped rails 35U and 35L concentrically arranged with a space therebetween in the radial direction, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 4, a pair of the guide plates 34R and 34L are fixed to a frame 46 with screws, respectively, and the frame 46 is fixed to the upper casing 22. Further, a motor 48 and a gear 50 linked with the motor 48 which constitute a driving means are mounted on the frame 46 on the upper side of and within the casing 21. The rotative speed of the motor 48 is reduced through the gear 50, and then transmitted to a belt 52. As shown in Fig. 3, the belt 52 is guided by a plurality of rollers 53 to 56, and both ends of the belt 52 are fixed to the upper end of the arm 36L. Therefore, when the motor 48 is driven, the rotative motion of the motor 48 is converted into the linear motion of the belt 52, and further into the swing motion of the arm 36L, that is, the transducer unit 26. Further, the upper curved surface of the guide plate 34L guides a part of the belt 52, as shown in Fig. 3. According to the mechanical scanning mechanism as described above, it is possible to swing or pivot the transducer unit 26 in a predetermined angular range, preferably 60 degrees about the virtual rotative axis 32. In this case, since the virtual rotative axis 32 is always located in the electronic scanning plane S1 produced by the array transducer 28 of the transducer unit 26, it is possible to shift the electronic scanning plane S1 by the mechanical scanning mechanism in the direction normal to this scanning surface S1 with this virtual rotative axis 32 as its center. Further, as shown in Fig. 4, an optical angle detector 58 is attached to the motor 48. By detecting the rotation angle of the motor 48, the mechanical scanning position of the transducer unit 26 can be detected. The detected signals are transmitted to the mainframe of the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (not shown) through the cable 19. In order to display a three-dimensional image on the display based on the obtained echo data, the detected signals are processed in the mainframe in accordance with substantially the same ways as those described in the U.S. patent No. 5,152,294 mentioned-above, except the data concerning the angular direction. Namely, in this embodiment the scanning direction by the mechanical scanning mechanism is reverse to the moving direction of the transducer unit 26, while in the U.S. patent the scanning direction by the mechanical scanning mechanism is the same as the moving direction of the transducer unit. Therefore, in this embodiment, the detected angular data is processed in a different manner from that described in the U.S. patent. As is well known, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transducer unit 26 are reflected from a boundary surface between two parts having different acoustic impedances. In the transducer assembly 20 of this embodiment, an acoustic medium bath 60 filled with a medium whose acoustic impedance is roughly equal to that of the human body is provided within the casing 21, in order that the ultrasonic waves emitted by the transducer elements do not pass through any air layer. In practice, the acoustic medium bath 60 is formed by a partition diaphragm 62 provided so as to surround the transducer unit 26 within the lower casing 24. In more detail, the partition diaphragm 62 is formed with a central opening, and the transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26 is hermetically fixed to this central opening in such a way as to project toward the contact surface 24A. Further, the outer periphery of the partition diaphragm 62 is also hermetically fixed to the inner wall of the lower casing 24. Therefore, the acoustic medium bath 60 is formed between the inner side (i.e., the lower side) of the partition diaphragm 62 and the inner bottom surface of the lower casing 24. Further, the partition diaphragm 62 is supported loosely to some extent, so as not to obstruct the swing or pivotal motion of the transducer unit 26. The acoustic medium bath 60 formed as described above is filled with a medium such as a liquid (e.g., water or oil) whose acoustic impedance is roughly equal to that of a living body to be examined, under the hermetically sealed condition. Further, it is preferable to dispose an ultrasonic wave absorbable material for absorbing multi-scattered ultrasonic waves on both sides of this medium bath 60. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the partition diaphragm 62 is formed with a central opening, and the transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26 is fitted to the central opening so as to project through this opening. Without being limited thereto, however, it is also possible to fix or bond the transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26 onto the upper surface of the partition diaphragm 62, without forming the central opening in the partition diaphragm 62. Further, in Fig. 3, a switch 64 is mounted on the upper casing 22. This switch 64 is used as an operation switch for starting the acquisition of echo data. The data acquisition region according to this invention will be described in detail hereinbelow. Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional data acquisition region V produced by the transducer assembly 20 of this embodiment. This data acquisition region V corresponds to the range obtained when the electronic scanning plane S1 produced by the electronic scanning is shifted with respect to the virtual rotative axis 32 by the mechanical scanning mechanism. In the case shown in Fig. 5, an acquisition region obtained when the convex type array transducer 28 is used is depicted. Without being limited thereto, however, the present invention can be of course applied to a sector scanning array transducer, a linear scanning array transducer, etc. As understood in Fig. 5, the data acquisition region V according to this embodiment provides a diverge configuration having a ridgeline which coincides with the virtual rotative axis 32. As a result, when the transducer assembly is abutted onto the body surface of a patient being examined in such a manner that the virtual rotative axis 32 is located at roughly the middle portion between the two adjacent ribs, it becomes possible to eliminate the harmful influence of the shades caused by the ribs upon the ultrasonic tomographic image. Fig. 6 shows the state where the transducer assembly 20 of the present embodiment is in contact with the surface of the breast of a patient being examined for ultrasonic diagnosis of a heart, for instance. As shown, when the transducer assembly 20 is brought into contact with the breast at such a position that the virtual rotative axis 32 of the transducer unit 26 is located near the middle position between the ribs 100, it is possible to perform the ultrasonic diagnosis at a wide angle without being subjected to the influence of the ribs 100. As is understood from the above descriptions of this embodiment, it is desirable to set the position of the virtual rotative axis 32 such that the virtual rotative axis 32 is in the middle position between the ribs when the transducer assembly is abutted onto the body surface of a patient to be examined. However, when the diagnosed part such as the heart is required to be observed from the inclined direction, it is necessary to incline the transducer assembly 20. In this case, where the virtual rotative axis 32 is set otherwise at a position away from the transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26, the shape of the contact surface 24A of the lower casing 24 (which is, in use, in contact with a patient being examined) becomes necessarily widened in the lateral direction (right and left directions in Fig. 3). Consequently, it becomes difficult to perform the ultrasonic diagnosis under the condition that the transducer assembly 20 is inclined with respect to the body surface as shown in Fig. 7. In other words, in order to set the virtual rotative axis 32 at such a position as to be remote to some extent from the transmitting and receiving surface 26A of the transducer unit 26, it is necessary to widen the region in which the end of the transducer unit 26 (the transmitting and receiving surface 26A) can be swing within the lower casing 24. However, if the swung range of the end of the transducer unit 26 is so widened as described above, the shape of the contact surface 24A is necessarily widened in the lateral direction within the lower casing 24. If the contact surface 24A would be so widened as described above, it becomes difficult to incline the transducer assembly 20 with respect to the body surface under the condition that the virtual rotative axis 32 is located in the space between the ribs 100 due to the widened contact surface. In the transducer assembly 20 of the present embodiment, therefore, the virtual rotative axis 32 is determined so as to be located near the contact surface 24A. Consequently, it is not necessary to enlarge the width of the contact surface 24A of the lower casing 24 and therefore the shape of the lower casing 24 can be formed into a roughly triangular prism configuration; that is, into a configuration substantially having a V-shape when seen from the lateral side as shown in Fig. 3. Further, in this embodiment, the electronic scanning is performed 30 times per second, and the mechanical scanning is carried out at a period of several seconds. However, these scanning periods are of course not limited thereto. Fig. 8 shows a modification of the above-mentioned embodiment, in which a data acquisition region V produced by the ultrasonic unit 68 having an array transducer composed of a plurality of transducer elements arranged in concave shape is shown. In this modification, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving surface 68A of the transducer unit 68 is formed into a concave shape, and a plurality of transducer elements (not shown) which are the same as those 26 shown in Fig. 4 are arranged along the concave-shaped transmitting and receiving surface 68A in such a manner that beams emitted therefrom are focused upon the virtual rotative axis 32. In this modification, therefore, the electronic scanning plane S1 is always produced into a sector shape the apex of which is located on the focal point 70 positioned on the virtual rotative axis 32 at any scannig positions by the mechanical scanning. Accordingly, this modification is effective when a part of a living body is required to be diagnosed through a narrow area (through which the ultrasonic waves are transmitted to a region to be examined), for instance when a head is diagnosed. Namely, if a small hole is bored in the skull and the transducer assembly is positioned such that the focal point 70 is located within the hole, it becomes possible to diagnose the inside of the skull on the basis of the acquired three-dimensional echo data. As described above, in the ultrasonic transducer assembly for acquiring three-dimensional echo data according to the present invention, since the ultrasonic waves can be transmitted and received through the space between ultrasonic wave shading objects such as ribs, it is possible to acquire three-dimensional echo data without being subjected to the influence of the ultrasonic wave shading objects. As a result, it is possible to realize an ultrasonic diagnosis for specific parts such as a heart, at which it has been so far difficult to obtain clear diagnosis images with the use of the conventional ultrasonic transducer assembly for acquiring three-dimensional echo data. The scope of the present invention is not limited only to the above-mentioned embodiments, but it should be noted that the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims: An ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) comprising: a transducer unit (26,68) having an array transducer (28) composed of a plurality of transducer elements (28A) for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to effect electronic scanning; a casing (21) for housing said transducer unit (26,68) therein, said casing (21) having a contact portion to be brought into contact with a patient to be examined (14); and swinging means disposed within said casing (21), for swinging said transducer unit (26,68) with respect to a virtual rotative axis (32) which is determined on an electronic scanning plane produced by the array transducer (28) and located in the vicinity of the contact portion of said casing (21) characterized in that said swinging means is disposed in such a manner that said virtual rotative axis (32) is positioned between adjacent ribs when the contact portion is abutted onto the body surface of the patient for diagnosis. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein said swinging means comprises: guiding means (34L, 34R) formed with at least one arc-shaped guide route the apex of which is located on the virtual rotative axis (32); linking means (36L, 40, 41, 42, 36R, 43, 44, 45) for linking said transducer unit (26, 68) with said guiding means (34L, 34R) in such a way that said transducer unit (26, 68) can be swung along the arc-shaped guide route of said guiding means (34L, 34R) with the virtual rotative axis (32) as its center; and driving means (48, 50, 52) for reciprocatingly moving said transducer unit (26, 68) along the arc-shaped guide route of said guiding means. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 2, wherein said guiding means includes a pair of guide members (34L, 34R) arranged in parallel to each other with a space therebetween in a direction that the transducer elements (28A) are arranged, and each of said guiding members (34L, 34R) includes first and second arc-shaped guide routes arranged concentrically with a space in a radial direction thereof. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 3, wherein each of said guiding members includes an arc-shaped plate member (34L, 34R), and said arc-shaped plate member has upper and lower surfaces providing said first and second arc-shaped guide routes, respectively. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 4, wherein said transducer unit (26, 68) has both end portions in the direction that the transducer elements (28A) are arranged, in which said linking means comprises: a pair of arms (36L, 36R) extending from both the end portions of said transducing unit (26, 68) to said guiding members (34L, 34R), respectively; and a plurality of rollers (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45) provided on each of said arms (36L, 36R) and rotatably engaged with each of said first and second guide routes of said guide members (34L, 34R). The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 5, wherein said driving means comprises: a motor (48); and a belt (52) for transmitting power of said motor to said transducer unit (26, 68). The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 3, wherein each of said guiding members (34L, 34R) includes two rails (35U, 35L) concentrically arranged with a space in the radial direction thereof, and said two rails provide said first and second arch-shaped guide routes, respectively. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 2, wherein said transducer unit (26, 68) includes both longitudinal end portions positioned in a direction that the transducer elements (28A) are arranged, in which said linking means comprises: arms (36L, 36R) extending from both the end portions of said transducer unit (26, 68) to said guiding means (34L, 34R); and engaging means (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45) provided on each of said arms and (36L, 36R) movably engaged with said guiding means (34L, 34R). The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 8, wherein said engaging means movably engaged with said guiding means includes a plurality of rollers (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45). The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 2, wherein said driving means comprises: a motor (48); and a belt (52) for transmitting power of said motor (48) to said transducer unit (26, 68). The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, which further comprises: an acoustic medium bath (60) hermetically formed within said casing (21) via a partition diaphragm (62); and an acoustic medium filling said acoustic medium bath (60). The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 11, wherein said acoustic medium has an acoustic impedance roughly equal to that of a living body. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, which further comprises means (58) for detecting swing positions of said transducer unit. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein said array transducer (28) comprises a plurality of transducer elements (28A) arranged so as to effect a convex scan. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein said array transducer (28) comprises a plurality of transducer elements (28A) arranged so as to effect a sector scan. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein said array transducer (28) comprises a plurality of transducer elements (28A) arranged so as to effect a linear scan. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein said array transducer comprises a plurality of transducer elements arranged in concave shape in such a manner that beams emitted from the respective transducers are focused on a focal point located on the virtual rotative axis. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein said casing (21) has an end portion formed into triangular prism shape, on which said contact portion (24A) is formed. The ultrasonic transducer assembly (20) of claim 1, wherein the rotative axis (32) is located in the vicinity of a contact surface (24A) of said casing (21). A method of ultrasonic scanning of a body part of a patient using a transducer assembly according to any one of the claims 1 to 19, having an array transducer composed of a plurality of transducer elements arranged for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to effect electronic scanning and a casing for housing said array transducer unit therein, said casing having a contact surface formed on the outer surface to be brought into contact with a patient to be examined when used, the method comprising: mounting said array transducer unit within said casing at a position spaced from the contact surface such that said array transducer can move angularly about a virtual rotative axis; producing a scanning plane passing through said virtual axis; acquiring echo data produced from said scanning plane; swinging said array transducer about said virtual axis; and repeating said producing, acquiring and swinging steps to form a three-dimensional data acquisition region by sweeping the scanning plane about the virtual axis, characterized in that said array transducer is mounted in such a manner that said virtual rotative axis is positioned between adjacent ribs when the contact surface is abutted onto the body surface of the patient for diagnosis.

Inventors: AKAHANE MUTSUHIRO, ITO HISAO, MOCHIZUKI TAKASHI, OKUNUKI KAZUMICHI, TAWARAYAMA KENICHI, AKAHANE, MUTSUHIRO, ITO, HISAO, MOCHIZUKI, TAKASHI, OKUNUKI, KAZUMICHI, TAWARAYAMA, KENICHI
Applicants: ALOKA CO LTD, ALOKA CO., LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G10K11
IPC codes: G10K11, H04R17, G01N29, A61B8, H04N7