Method of adsorbing and removing nitrogen oxides

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of adsorbing and removing NOx, comprising washing with water gases discharged by ventilation from highway tunnels in a washing tower 1 as pretreatment, and then adsorbing NOx in the gases with a rotary NOx adsorption unit 4. The washed gases can be heated by a heater 3 which is placed between the washing tower 1 and the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of efficiently adsorbing and removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) which are contained in low concentrations in gases discharged by ventilation from various highway tunnels, mountain tunnels, underwater tunnels, underground roads, sheltered roads and the like (hereinafter referred to collectively as "highway tunnels"). Highway tunnels, especially those having a large length and a great vehicular traffic volume, must be ventilated at a considerable rate in order to assure the drivers and passengers of health and increase the least distance of distinct vision. Air is withdrawn also from tunnels of relatively short length for ventilation to control air pollution due to carbon monoxide (CO), NOx and the like which are concentrically released from the inlet and outlet of the tunnel when the tunnel is located in an urban or suburban area. However, if the gas discharged by ventilation is released as it is in the neighborhood, the environment of the area concerned will not be improved. In particular, in the urban or suburban area where air pollution due to vehicular exhaust gases spreads in a plane, the discharged gases could extend to form a highly polluted zone. Exactly the same problem as above will be encountered in the case where roadway tunnels or sheltered tunnels are to be constructed as a pollution control measure for existing roads. The present invention relates to a method of efficiently adsorbing and removing NOx which is present in low concentrations in gases discharged by ventilation from highway tunnels. PRIOR ART The gas released from highway tunnels by ventilation is characterized in that it has a low NOx concentration of about 5 ppm or less and ordinary temperature, and varies greatly in quantity with the volume of traffic. The inventors have already provided an apparatus for purifying a gas from highway tunnels by ventilation for the purpose of efficiently adsorbing and removing NOx of such a low concentration which comprises a rotary NOx adsorption unit which denitrates the NOx-containing ventilation gas resulting from dehumidification with NOx adsorbent and regenerates the NOx adsorbent (see Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-258324). The rotary NOx adsorption unit comprises an NOx adsorbing zone, a preheating zone which preheats the unregenerated adsorbent and is located forward in the direction of rotation from the NOx adsorbing zone, an adsorbent regenerating zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation from the preheating zone, and a cooling zone which cools the regenerated adsorbent and is located forward in the direction of rotation from the regenerating zone. However, the method using the above mentioned apparatus has problem in which high concentration of water( or moisture) causes lowering the adsorption ability( deterioration phenomena). Hence, it is necessary to cool the untreated gas to 10° C or lower through washing towers, further to cool the gas to 5 ° C or lower with coolers or refrigerators, and reducing the moisture content of the gas to 100 ppm or lower with rotary silica gel dehumidifiers in order to give the great adsorption ability. Accordingly, in this process,it is necessary to provide in addition to the rotary silica gel dehumidifiers, some accessories like coolers or refrigerators of washing water, intermediate coolers or refrigerators of dehumidifiers, coolers or refrigerators of treated gas, heaters for drying silica gel, rotary silica gel dehumidifiers, and heat pump systems for heating and cooling forward of the rotary NOx adsorption unit. If an adsorbent which moisture does not affect is developed, miniaturization and energy saving of NOx removing unit will be accomplished and economical effects will be exerted, hence such an excellent adsorbent is desired. The inventors provided an adsorbent which works well even under such a high moisture content, comprising a carrier comprising gamma-alumina, and ruthenium supported on the carrier (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-31357). However, the adsorption ability of this adsorbent deteriorates because the alumina (aluminium oxide: Al 2 O 3 ) as carrier is sulfurized by sulfur oxides (SOx) contained in the treated gases. As a countermeasure against the above-mentioned problem, the inventors provided an adsorbent which comprises ceramic paper holding thereto a carrier comprising anatase-type titania, and ruthenium supported on the carrier (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication Nos. Hei 5-123568 and Hei 5-123569). Though the adsorption ability of this adsorbent is excellent in the initial period, it deteriorates greatly by exposing the adsorbent with the exhaust gas having temperature of higher than 250 ° C for a long time. The cause of the deterioration seems to be that halogens of ruthenium halides, which are active components, are eliminated from ruthenium halides under high temperature conditions, and the resulted RuO 2 exhibits very little activity. Hence, the inventors provided an adsorbent which maintains high activity without the elimination of halogens from ruthenium halides even under such high temperature conditions, comprising ceramic paper holding thereto a carrier comprising anatase-type titania, and a ruthenium halide and a halide of at least one addition metal co-supported on the ceramic paper (Japanese patent application No. Hei 4-10312). Though the adsorption ability of this adsorbent does not deteriorate at moisture content of less than 3%, it is slightly poisoned by SO 2 which co-exists. In view of the foregoing situation, accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide a method of adsorbing and removing NOx in which the accessories of the rotary NOx adsorption unit can be omitted as many as possible, SO 2 in ventilation gases can be removed upstream from the rotary NOx adsorption process, the regeneration conditions can be appropriately set according to the properties of NOx adsorbent, and energy saving and simplification of the whole system can be accomplished. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be explained with reference to FIG 1 to 3 and provides a method of adsorbing and removing NOx, comprising washing with water gases discharged by ventilation from highway tunnels in a washing tower 1 as pretreatment, heating the gas by a heater 3, and then adsorbing NOx in the gases with a rotary NOx adsorption unit 4. The heater may be placed between the washing tower 1 and the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4. The rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 comprises an upper cover 5 which is located at one end of the unit 4, a lower cover 18 which is located at the other end of the unit 4 so as to be opposite to the upper cover 5, and a NOx adsorbent rotor 6 which is disposed rotatably in a space between the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 18. The NOx adsorbent rotor 6 through which gases are passed axially comprises a shell 19 and a cylindrical adsorbent 20 which is charged in the shell. The space between these two covers 5 and 18, in which the rotor 6 is desposed, comprises an NOx adsorbing zone 4a which communicates with a ventilation gas introducing conduit 7 so as to adsorb NOx in the ventilation gas, a preheating zone 4b which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the NOx adsorbing zone 4a and communicates with an preheating gas introducing conduit 10 so as to preheat the unregenerated adsorbent, an adsorbent regenerating zone 4c which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the preheating zone 4b and communicates with a regenerating gas introducing conduit 12 so as to heat the adsorbent further and desorb the adsorbed NOx, and a cooling zone 4d which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the regenerating zone 4c and communicates with a cooling gas introducing conduit 9 so as to cool the regenerated adsorbent. Each portion of the adsorbent rotor 6 rotates so as to pass through each zone in turn with rotation. The rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 can be contained in a casing thereof. As a heat source of the heater 3, waste heat of the regenerating zone 4c and/or waste heat of a cooler of circulating water of the washing tower 1 can be used. A heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less can be used as the gas which is made to flow through the preheating zone 4b. The direction of the gas flow in the preheating zone 4b is preferably opposite to that of the gas flow in the adsorbing zone 4a. The gas temperature at the inlet of the preheating zone 4b is preferably 175 ° C or lower. A heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less can be used as the gas which is made to flow through the regeneration zone 4c. The direction of the gas flow in the regenerating zone 4c is preferably opposite to that of the gas flow in the adsorbing zone 4a. The gas temperature at the inlet of the regenerating zone 4c is preferably 180 to 300° C. The gas which goes out from the regenerating zone 4c is preferably treated with an auxiliary denitration reactor 14 having a NH 3 supplying unit 15. The gas treated with the auxiliary denitration reactor 14 ispreferably heat-exchanged with the gas which goes out from the regenerating zone 4c. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Fig.1 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the invention. Fig.2 is a perspective view showing a rotary NOx adsorption unit . Fig.3 is a perspective view showing a adsorbent rotor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method of adsorbing and removing NOx, comprising washing with water gases discharged by ventilation from highway tunnels in a washing tower 1 as pretreatment, and then adsorbing NOx in the gases with a rotary NOx adsorption unit 4. The washing tower plays the role of removing crude solid material from the ventilation gas efficiently, and at the same time absorbing and removing almost all co-existing SO 2 . The washing tower also lowers and stabilizes the moisture content in the gas by contacting the ventilation gas with cool water, that is, the ventilation gas comes into contact with cool water having temperature of 5 to 15 ° C in the washing tower and is cooled to 6 to 17° C preferably 8 to 12 ° C. Rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 comprises an upper cover 5 having a sliding flange 5a at the lower end, a lower cover 18 having a sliding flange 18a at the upper end, a NOx adsorbent rotor 6 which is disposed rotatably in a space between the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 18, and the supporting axis 23. NOx adsorbent rotor 6 comprises a shell 19 having sliding flanges 19a at the both ends respectively, and a cylindrical honeycomb type adsorbent 20 which is charged in the shell. Gases pass through the rotor 6 axially. NOx adsorbent rotor 6 is made rotatable in the direction A against the covers by sliding between the upper flange 19a and the sliding flange 5a and between the lower flange 19a and the sliding flange 18a. Each cover 5 and 18 is provided with plural partitions in it. These partitions are mounted so as to define the following four zones in the space between the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 18; a adsorbing zone 4a, a preheating zone 4b which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the NOx adsorbing zone 4a and preheats the unregenerated adsorbent to a specified temperature, an adsorbent regenerating zone 4c which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the preheating zone 4b, heats the adsorbent further and desorbs the adsorbed NOx, and a cooling zone 4d which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the regenerating zone 4c and cools the hot regenerated adsorbent to a suitable temperature for adsorption. The adsorbent rotor 6 is disposed concentrically with the covers 5 and 18 in the space in the casing and each portion of the rotor rotates so as to pass through each zone in turn with rotation. The rotary NOx adsorption unit 4, with rotation of the adsorbent rotor 6, serves to supply fresh adsorbent continuously to the adsorbing zone 4a, through which the untreated gas flows, at the same time to remove the used adsorbent which has adsorbed NOx from the adsorbing zone 4a to the regenerating zone 4c. The moisture content in the gas at the outlet of the washing tower is nearly saturated (relative humidity = 100%), and thereby a large amount of moisture together with NOx is condensed and captured in the pores of the adsorbent. This leads to the increase of heat energy needed to regenerate the adsorbent. As a countermeasure, a heater 3 is placed between the washing tower 1 and the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4, and thereby the washed gas is heated to higher temperature than that at the washing tower by 3 to 5° C after demisting. The relative humidity is reduced to 70% or less by the heating, so that the moisture does not condense in the pores of the adsorbent, and the energy for regenerating the adsorbent can be saved. As a heat source of the heater 3, waste heat of the regenerating zone 4c and/or waste heat of a cooler or a refrigerator of circulating water of the washing tower 1 can be used. A heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is used as the gas flowing through the preheating zone 4b, the gas flow direction of the preheating zone is opposite to that of the adsorbing zone 4a, and the gas temperature at the inlet of the preheating zone is 175 ° C or lower, preferably 120 to 140° C. A heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is used as the gas flowing through the regeneration zone 4c, the direction of the regenerating zone is opposite to that of adsorbing zone 4a, and the gas temperature at the inlet of the regenerating zone is 180 to 300 ° C, preferably 200 to 250° C, The outlet gas of the regenerating zone 4c is treated with an auxiliary denitration reactor 14 having a NH 3 supplying unit 15. The gas treated with the auxiliary denitration reactor 14 is heat-exchanged with the outlet gas of the regenerating zone 4c. Almost all SOx contained in the ventilation gas is removed with the washing tower, and remaining SOx is adsorbed slightly by the NOx adsorbent. This SOx adsorption takes place at the inlet portion of the adsorbent rotor 6, so that the influence of the SOx adsorption on the NOx adsorption does not extend to the whole of the adsorbent rotor. More than half of the adsorbed SOx is desorbed in the preheating zone from the adsorbent rotor 6. As described above, it is effective that the the direction of gas flow in the preheating zone 4b is opposite to that in the adsorbing zone 4a in order to remove the desorbed SOx immediately without contacting the desorbed SOx with the other portion of the adsorbent rotor 6. The remaining SOx changes into sulfuric acid or sulfurates by heating at temperature of 175 ° C or higher, The resulting sulfuric acid or sulfurates is hard to desorb from the adsorbent and lowers the ability of the adsorbent. Accordingly, gases without SOx are favorable as high temperature gases which are made to flow through the regenerating zone 4c, so that it is not preferable to use ventilation gases but preferable to use heated atmosphere or fresh outer air, The ventilation gas is introduced from the washing tower to the rotary NOx adsorption unit, and released to the outside after NOx adsorption and removing. A preferred example of the adsorbent for use comprises ceramic paper holding thereto a carrier comprising anatase-type titania, and a ruthenium halide and a halide of at least one additional metal co-supported on the ceramic paper, the additional metal being selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, zinc, rubidium, zirconium, barium, cerium and molybdenum. ( The halide of additional metal will hereinafter be referred to as a "addition metal halide". ) The adsorbent is prepared by impregnating ceramic paper with anatase-type titania sol to cause the paper to retain the sol, drying or baking the impregnated ceramic paper, subsequently impregnating the carrier-holding ceramic paper with the ruthenium halide and the addition metal halide, and drying or baking the resulting paper. The ceramic paper is prepared from ceramic fibers by the papermaking process. Ceramic papers commercially available are also usable. Examples of anatase-type titanias useful as carriers are titania prepared from hydrated titania ( titanic acid slurry ) which is an intermediate product from the sulfuric acid process for producing titania, and titania prepared from titania sol obtained by deflocculating and stabilizing the titania acid slurry. The adsorbent tends to exhibit a higher NOx adsorbing property as the amount of anatase-type titania retained thereon increases. If the amount of anatase-type titania is less than 20 g/m 2 , a markedly impaired NOx adsorbing property will result, so that the amount is preferably at least 20 g/m 2 , more preferably 25 to 500 g/m 2 . The amount of ruthenium to be supported is preferably at least about 0.01 wt. %, more preferably about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, calculated as ruthenium metal and based on the adsorbent. The amount of addition metal halide to be supported is preferably at least about 0.1 wt. %, more preferably about 1 to about 10 wt. %, calculated as the metal and based on the adsorbent. The ruthenium halide and the addition metal halide are caused to be co-supported on the ceramic paper generally by dissolving or dispersing the ruthenium halide, such as ruthenium chloride RuCl 3 ), and the addition metal halide, such as the chloride of the above-mentioned metal, in a suitable medium to obtain an immersion bath of the mixture, and immersing the carrier in the bath. This method, however, is not limitative. Instead, the ruthenium halide and the addition metal halide can be supported on the ceramic paper independently. The immersed carrier is thereafter withdrawn from the bath, washed with water and dried in air at about 100 to about 120 ° C. The dried product is baked at about 250 to about 500° C when so required. In treating large quantities of gases such as ventilation gases from highway tunnels, it is required that the adsorbent be diminished in the resistance to the gas flow to ensure a minimized pressure loss. An adsorbent preferable for use in this case is one comprising a flat sheet-corrugated sheet multilayer structure having a honeycomb cross section, and a ruthenium halide and an addition metal halide co-supported on the structure, the multilayer structure being composed of alternately arranged flat sheets of ceramic paper retaining a carrier of anatase-type titania thereon and corrugated sheets of ceramic paper retaining the same carrier thereon. However, the adsorbent which is used in this invention is not limited to the above mentioned adsorbent. The auxiliary denitration reactor 14 is a reactor which reduce catalytically NOx to N 2 and H 2 O under denitration catalyst using NH 3 as reducing agent. EXAMPLE The present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the following example. (a) NOx adsorbing and removing system FIG 1 shows an example of the NOx adsorbing and removing system of the gas released from highway tunnels by ventilation. In the system, the unpurified gas which contains NOx is introduced in the lower portion of the washing tower 1, and while moving upward, it comes into contact with cool water sprayed in the tower. The water has a temperature of 5 to 15 ° C, and thereby the gas is cooled to 8 to 12° C. The gas is demisted by the demister provided in the upper portion of the tower, then sent to the heater 3 and thereby heated to a higher temperature than that of the washing tower by 3 to 5 ° C. This heating makes the relative humidity 70 % or less, hinders the condensation of moisture in the pores of the adsorbent, and makes it possible to save energy for regeneration. As a heat source of the heater, waste heat of the regenerating zone 4c which will be explained later, and/or waste heat of a cooler of circulating water of the washing tower 1 is (are used. The water from the lower portion of the washing tower 1 is forced upward to cooler refrigerator 17, and the cooled water is recycled to the upper portion of the tower. The constitution of the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 to which the heated ventilation gas is introduced will be explained with reference to FIG 1 to 3. Rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 comprises an upper cover 5 having a sliding flange 5a at the lower end, a lower cover 18 having a sliding flange 18a at the upper end, a NOx adsorbent rotor 6 which is disposed rotatably in a space between the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 18, and the supporting axis 23. The upper cover 5 is located at the one end of the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 and the lower cover 18 is located at the other end of the unit 4 so that they may be opposite to each other. NOx adsorbent rotor 6 comprises a shell 19 having sliding flanges 19a at the both ends respectively, and a cylindrical honeycomb type adsorbent 20 which is charged in the shell. Gases pass through the rotor 6 axially. NOx adsorbent rotor 6 is made rotatable in the direction A by sliding between the upper flange 19a of the shell 19 and the sliding flange 5a of the upper cover 5 and between the lower flange 19a of the shell 19 and the sliding flange 18a of the lower cover 18. The rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 is contained in a casing thereof. Each of the covers 5 and 18 is provided with plural partitions in it. These partitions are mounted so as to define the following four zones in the space between the upper cover 5 and the lower cover 18, in which the rotor 6 is disposed; a adsorbing zone 4a having a semicircular cross section as it is seen axially thereof, a preheating zone 4b which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the NOx adsorbing zone 4a and heats the unregenerated adsorbent to a specified temperature, an adsorbent regenerating zone 4c which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the preheating zone 4b, and heats the adsorbent further so as to desorb the adsorbed NOx, and a cooling zone 4d which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the regenerating zone 4c and cools the hot regenerated adsorbent to a suitable temperature for adsorption. The preheating zone 4b, the adsorbent regenerating zone 4c and the cooling zone 4d each have a sectorial cross section and are provided by the respective one- third portions of the other half of the rotor 4. The adsorbent rotor 6 is disposed concentrically with the covers 5 and 18 in the space in the casing and each portion of the rotor rotates so as to pass through each zone in turn with rotation. In FIG 2, the portion of the rotor which is located in the NOx adsorbing zone 4a is the NOx adsorbing portion. The portion which is located in the preheating zone 4b is the preheating portion. The portion which is located in the regenerating zone 4c is the regenerating portion. The portion which is located in the cooling zone 4d is the cooling portion. A ventilation gas introducing conduit 7 is so disposed that the ventilation gas flows from the heater 3 to the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4, and a treated gas discharging conduit 8 is so disposed that the treated gas flows from NOx adsorbing zone 4a to the atmosphere. A cooling gas introducing conduit 9 is so disposed that outer air for cooling NOx adsorbent flows from the outside to the cooling zone 4d, a preheating gas introducing conduit 10 is so disposed that the preheating gas flows from the cooling zone 4d to the preheating zone 4b, and a preheating gas discharging conduit 11 is so disposed that the gas used for preheating flows from the preheating zone 4b to the atmosphere. The preheating gas introducing conduit 10 is located in the opposite side to the ventilation gas introducing conduit 7 interposing the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4, so that the gas flow direction of the preheating zone 4b is opposite to that of the adsorbing zone 4a. A regenerating gas introducing conduit 12 is so disposed that outer air for regenerating NOx adsorbent flows from the outside to the regenerating zone 4c, and a regenerating gas discharging conduit 13 is so disposed that the gas used for regeneration flows from the regenerating zone 4c to the atmosphere. The regenerating gas introducing conduit 12 is located in the opposite side to the ventilation gas introducing conduit 7 interposing the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4, so that the regenerating gas flow direction of the regenerating zone 4c is opposite to that of the adsorbing zone 4a. An auxiliary denitration reactor 14 and a NH3 supplying unit 15 being upstream from the reactor are disposed on the regenerating gas discharging conduit 13. A heat exchanger 16 for heat recovery is provided across the regenerating gas introducing conduit 12 and the upstream portion from the reactor 14 on the regenerating gas discharging conduit 13. In the above-mentioned constitution of the rotary NOx adsorption unit, a heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is used as the gas which passes through the cooling zone 4d and the preheating zone 4b, and the gas temperature at the inlet of the preheating zone 4b is 120 to 140 ° C. A heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is used as the gas which passes through the regenerating zone 4c, and the gas temperature at the inlet of the regenerating zone 4c is 200 to 250 ° C. A ventilation gas containing NOx is introduced from the heater 3 into the adsorbing zone 4a of the rotary NOx adsorption unit 4 through the ventilation gas introducing conduit 7, and NOx in the ventilation gas is adsorbed and removed by the NOx adsorbing portion of the adsorbent rotor 6 in the zone. The preheating portion of the adsorbent rotor 6 which has adsorbed NOx is preheated by the outer air coming through the preheating gas introducing conduit 10 in the preheating zone 4b and regenerating portion is regenerated by the outer air coming through the regenerating gas introducing conduit 12 in the regenerating zone 4c. If necessary, the adsorbent rotor and the outer air are heated by a heater to an appropriate temperature (100 to 300° C ) prior to the regeneration. The cooling portion of the adsorbent rotor 6 which has been regenerated is cooled by the outer air coming through the cooling gas introducing conduit 9 in the cooling zone 4d. Thus, the denitration of the ventilation gas containing NOx, and the preheating, regenerating and cooling of the NOx adsorbent rotor are conducted continuously with rotation. The desorbed NOx in the purge gas released from the regenerating zone 4c is denitration-treated ( reduced to harmless gas ) with NH 3 from the NH 3 supplying unit 15 in the auxiliary denitration reactor 14. The regenerated gas and the gas entering the regenerating zone 4c are heat-exchanged with the heat exchanger 16. The gas released from the regenerating zone 4c and the gas released from the preheating zone 4b are introduced into the lower portion of the washing tower 1 together with unpurified gas. (b) Preparation of adsorbent rotor Commercial ceramic paper ( manufactured by Japan inorganic Co., Ltd., composed of silica and alumina ( 50 : 50 ), having a thickness of 0.25 and weighing 46 g/m 2 )was cut to a predetermined size, and the cut sheet was immersed in an anatase-type titania sol ( TiO 2 content: about 30 wt.% ) at room temperature. The ceramic paper was thereafter immediately placed onto a flat plate, treated with a roller or the like to remove an excess of titania sol and thereby made uniform in thickness, and dried in hot air at the same time. The ceramic paper impregnated with the titania sol and thus prepared in the form of a flat sheet was placed into an electric oven and baked in air at 400 ° C for 3 hours to obtain a flat sheet of titania-retaining ceramic paper. The same ceramic paper as above and immersed in the anatase-type titania sol was withdrawn from the sol, placed on a corrugated plate and thereafter treated in the same manner as above to obtain a corrugated sheet of titania-retaining ceramic paper. The amount of TiO 2 retained on the paper was determined from the difference between the weight of paper before the immersion in the titania sol and the weight thereof after baking, with the result that 85 g/m 2 of TiO 2 was found retained on the paper. The same procedure as above was repeated to prepare flat sheets of titania-retaining ceramic paper having varying width and corrugated sheets of titania-retaining ceramic paper also having varying widths. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3, the flat sheets 21 and corrugated sheets 22 of predetermined widths were alternately arranged in layers into a cylindrical assembly to obtain an adsorbent support consisting of flat sheet-corrugated sheet multilayer structure having a honeycomb cross section (geometric surface area: 0.0385 m 2 , TiO 2 content: 3.3 g). The adsorbent support of multilayer structure was immersed in 100 ml of an aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride ( RuCl 3 ), 0.38 wt. % in Ru concentration and manganese chloride ( MnCl 2 ), 2.07 wt. % in Mn concentration, at room temperature for 30 minutes, then washed with water and thereafter dried at about 110 ° C for 2 hours to obtain a Ru-Mn-cosupporting titania honeycomb adsorbent 20 ( amount of Ru supported: 0.55 wt. %, amount of Mn supported: 3.00 wt. % ). The honeycomb adsorbent 20 was fitted into shell 19, subsequently treated at about 300 ° C for 1 hour while passing dry air ( moisture content: about 50 ppm ) through the tube at 2.5 normal litre/minute (NL/min) ana then allowed to cool to room temperature. Thus, the adsorbent rotor 6 was prepared.

Claims: A method of adsorbing and removing NOx from gas discharged by ventilation from a highway tunnel, comprising pretreating the gas by washing with water in a washing tower (1), heating the washed gas by a heater (3) and then adsorbing NOx in the gases with a rotary NOx adsorption unit (4). A method according to claim 1, wherein the rotary NOx adsorption unit (4) comprises an upper cover (5) which is located at one end of the unit (4), a lower cover (18) which is located at the other end of the unit (4) so as to be opposite to the upper cover (5), and an NOx adsorbent rotor (6) which is disposed rotatably in a space between the upper cover (5) and the lower cover (18), the NOx adsorbent rotor (6), through which gases are passed axially, comprising a shell (19) and a cylindrical adsorbent (20) which is charged in the shell, the space between these two covers (5) and (18), in which the rotor (6) is disposed, comprising an NOx adsorbing zone (4a) which communicates with a ventilation gas introducing conduit (7) so as to adsorb NOx in the ventilation gas, a preheating zone (4b) which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the NOx adsorbing zone (4a) and communicates with a preheating gas introducing conduit (10) so as to preheat the unregenerated adsorbent, an adsorbent regenerating zone (4c) which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the preheating zone (4b) and communicates with a regenerating gas introducing conduit (12) so as to heat the adsorbent further and desorb the adsorbed NOx, and a cooling zone (4d) which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the regenerating zone (4c) and communicates with a cooling gas introducing conduit (9) so as to cool the regenerated adsorbent, each portion of the adsorbent rotor (6) rotating so as to pass through each zone in turn with rotation. A method according to claim 1, wherein as a heat source of the heater (3), waste heat of the regenerating zone (4c) of claim 3 and/or waste heat of a cooler of circulating water of the washing tower (1) are (is) used. A method according to claim 2, wherein a heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is used as the gas which is made to flow through the preheating zone (4b), the direction of the gas flow in the preheating zone (4b) being opposite to that of the gas flow in the adsorbing zone (4a) and the gas temperature at the inlet of the preheating zone (4b) being 175°C or lower. A method according to claim 2, wherein a heated atmosphere having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is used as the gas which is made to flow through the regenerating zone (4c), the direction of the gas flow in the regeneration zone (4c), being opposite to that of the gas flow in the adsorbing zone (4a), and the gas temperature at the inlet of the regenerating zone (4c) being 180° to 300°C. A method according to claim 2, wherein the gas which goes out from the regenerating zone (4c) is treated with an auxiliary denitration reactor (14) having a NH 3 supplying unit (15). A method according to claim 6, wherein the gas treated with the auxiliary denitration reactor (14) is heat-exchanged with the gas which goes out from the regenerating zone (4c). A method of adsorbing and removing NOx contained in a gas discharged by ventilation from a highway tunnel, the gas containing solid material and SO 2 in addition to the NOx, which method comprises the steps of: washing the discharged gas with water in a washing tower as a pretreatment, thereby removing the solid material and SO 2 , and cooling and saturating the gas with moisture to produce washed gas, heating the washed gas by a heater, and then adsorbing the NOx contained in the washed gas with a rotary NOx adsorption unit, wherein the adsorption unit contains a ceramic paper absorbent having a carrier made of anatase titania and ruthenium halide and a halide of at least one metal co-supported on the ceramic paper, the additional metal being selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium, zirconium, barium, cerium, and molybdenum. A method according to claim 8, in which the rotary NOx adsorption unit comprises: an upper cover at an upper end of the NOx adsorption unit, a lower cover at a lower end of the NOx adsorption unit, and an NOx adsorbent rotor rotatably mounted in a space between the upper cover and the lower cover, the NOx adsorbent rotor allowing the washed gas to pass therethrough and comprising a generally cylindrical shell and said adsorbent charged therein, wherein: the space between the upper and lower covers, in which the rotor is mounted, comprises: an NOx adsorbing zone which communicates with a conduit for introducing said washed gas so as to adsorb the NOx contained in the washed gas, a preheating zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the NOx adsorbing zone and communicates with a conduit for introducing a preheating gas so as to preheat unregenerated adsorbent, an adsorbent regenerating zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the preheating zone and communicates with a conduit for introducing a regenerating gas so as to regenerate the adsorbent by heating the adsorbent further and desorbing the adsorbed NOx, and a cooling zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the regenerating zone and communicates with a conduit for introducing a cooling gas so as to cool the regenerated adsorbent. A method of adsorbing and removing NOx contained in air discharged by ventilation from a highway tunnel, the air being polluted with solid material and SO 2 in addition to the NOx and having generally ambient temperature, which method comprises the steps of: washing the discharged air with water having a temperature of 5° to 15°C in a washing tower as a pretreatment, thereby removing the solid material and SO 2 and cooling and saturating the air with moisture to produce washed air, heating the washed air to reduce the relative humidity of the washed air to 70% or less to produce heated air, and introducing the heated air into a rotary NOx adsorption unit comprising: an upper cover at an upper end, a lower cover at a lower end, and an NOx adsorbent rotor rotatably mounted in a space between the upper and lower covers, the NOx adsorbent rotor allowing the heated air to pass therethrough and comprising a generally cylindrical sheet and a honeycomb adsorbent comprising ceramic paper having a carrier made of anatase titania and ruthenium halide and a halide of at least one metal co-supported on the ceramic paper, the additional metal being selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium, zirconium, barium, cerium, and molybdenum charged therein, wherein the space between the upper and lower covers, in which the rotor is mounted, comprises: an NOx adsorbing zone which communicates with a conduit for introducing said heated gas so as to adsorb the NOx contained in the heated air, a preheating zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the NOx adsorbing zone and communicates with a conduit for introducing a preheating gas so as to preheat unregenerated adsorbent, an adsorbent regenerating zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the preheating zone and communicates with a conduit for introducing a regenerating gas so as to regenerate the adsorbent by heating the adsorbent further and desorbing the adsorbed NOx, and a cooling zone which is located forward in the direction of rotation of the rotor from the regenerating zone and communicates with a conduit for introducing a cooling gas so as to cool the regenerated adsorbent. A method according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein a preheating gas having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is allowed to flow through the preheating zone, the direction of the gas flow in the preheating zone being opposite to that of the heated gas flow in the adsorbing zone, and the preheating gas temperature at an inlet of the preheating zone being 175°C or lower; and a regenerating gas having a SO 2 concentration of 0.1 ppm or less is allowed to flow through the regenerating zone, the direction of the gas flow in the regeneration zone being opposite to that of the heated gas flow in the adsorbing zone, and the regenerating gas temperature at an inlet of the regenerating zone being 180° to 300°C. A method according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the gas leaving the regenerating zone is treated with NH 3 in an auxiliary denitration reactor having a NH 3 supplying unit; and the gas treated with the auxiliary denitration reactor is heat-exchanged with the gas which comes out from the regenerating zone.

Inventors: FUKUJU ATSUSHI, ICHIKI MASAYOSHI, IWAMOTO TERUO, ONITSUKA SHIGENORI, WATANABE TAKANOBU, FUKUJU, ATSUSHI, ICHIKI, MASAYOSHI, IWAMOTO, TERUO, ONITSUKA, SHIGENORI, WATANABE, TAKANOBU
Applicants: HITACHI SHIPBUILDING ENG CO, HITACHI ZOSEN CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B01D53
IPC codes: F24F3, B01D53, E21F1, B01J20