SUBSTITUTED 3-PYRROLIDINYLTHIO-CARBAPENEMS AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), in which R<1> is carboxy or protected carboxy, R<2> is 1-hydroxyethyl, R<3> is methyl, R<4> is optionally substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl, optionally N-substituted 2-oxopiperazin-1-yl-(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol-1-yl(C2-C3)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol-2-yl-(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrazol-1-ylethyl, optionally substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)-alkyl, optionally substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or optionally substituted (2,3-dihydroimidazo-[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl, and R<5> is hydrogen or imino-protective group, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have antimicrobial activity.

Description: _ _ DESCRIPTION SUBSTITUTED 3-PY R0LIDINYLTHI0-CARB^PENEMS AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 5 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to novel azabicyclo compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts 10 thereof. More particularly, it relates to novel 3-pyrrolidinylthio-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable 15 salts thereof, which have antimicrobial activity to processes for the preparation thereof, to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and to a use of the same as a medicament and in the treatment of infectious diseases in human being or animal. 20 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide novel 3-pyrrolidinylthio-l-azabicyclo- 25 [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are highly active against a number of pathogenic microorganisms and are useful as antimicrobial agents. 30 Another object of the present invention is to provide processes for the preparation of novel ■ i 3-pyrrolidinylthio-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid compounds and salts thereof. 35 A further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 3-pyrrolidinylthio-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Still further object of the present invention is to provide a use of said 3-pyrrolidinylthio-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as a medicament and in the treatment of infectious diseases by pathogenic microorganisms in human being or animal. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION The object 3-pyrrolidinylthio-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid compounds are novel and can be represented by the following general formula: in which R is carboxy or protected carboxy, 2 R R 2 is 1-hydroxyethyl, ,3 is methyl, R is optionally substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl, optionally N-substituted 2- oxopiperazin-1-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol- ,B--- l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl, n. optionally substituted imidazol- fX, 5 5-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol- 2-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrazol- 4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, 10 optionally substituted pyrazol-1- ylethyl, optionally substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted 15 pyrimidiny1(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or optionally substituted 2,3-dihydro- imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-l-ylethyl, and 5 20 R is hydrogen or imino-protective group, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the object compound (I) are conventional non-toxic salts and 25 may include a salt with a base such as an inorganic base salt, for example, an alkali metal salt (e.g. sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), an alkaline earth metal salt (e.g. calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), an ammonium salt, an organic base salt, for example, an organic amine salt » 30 (e.g. triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, ^- ethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, dicyclohexylamine i- salt, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, etc.); a salt with an acid such as inorganic acid addition salt (e.g. hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, fluorosulfate, 35 phosphate, etc.), an organic acid addition salt (e.g. formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate etc. ) ; a salt with a basic or acidic amino acid (e.g. arginine, aspartic acid , glutamic acid, etc.); an intermolecular or intramolecular quaternary salt; and the like. The said intermolecular quaternary salt can be formed, for example, between the tertiary nitrogen atom of the pyridyl, 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl, dihydropyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrimidinyl, 2,3-dihydroimidazo- [l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl, or the imidazolyl group in R and lower alkyl (e.g. methyl, etc.), carbamoyK-lower)alkyl (e.g. carbamoylmethyl, etc.), N,N-di(lower) lkylcarbamoyl- (lower)alkyl (e.g. dimethylcarbamoylmethyl, etc. ) , N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyl(lower)alkyl [e.g. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl, etc. ] , amino(lower)alkyl (e.g. 3-aminopropyl, etc.) or protected amino(lower)alkyl [e.g. 3-(allγloxycarbonylamino)propyl, etc.], and such a suitable intermolecular quaternary salt may include 3-(lower)alkyl-1-(or 2- or 5-)imidazolio (or trifluoromethanesulfonate) , 3-carbamoyKlower)alkyl-1-(or 2- or 5-)imidazolio (or trifluoromethanesulfonate) , 3-amino(or protected amino) (.lower)alkyl-1-imidazolio halide, l-(lower)alkylpyridinio halide, 1-carbamoyl- (lower)alkylpyridinio halide, 1-[N,N-di(lower)alkyl- carbamoyl(lower)alkyllpyridinio halide, l-[N-{hydroxy- (lower)alkyl}carbamoyl(lower)alkyl]pyridinio halide, N,N-di(lower)alkyl-2-oxo-l-piperazino halide, 2-(lower)alkyl-1-(or 4- or 5-)pyrazolio halide, 4-(lower)alkyl-1-(or 5-) [1,2,4-triazolio]halide, 2-(or 3-) (lower)alkyl-1-(1,2,3-triazolio]halide, 5-(lower)alkyl-2,3-dihγdroimidazo[1,2-b]-1-pyrazolio 4 halide, and the like, or can be formed when R is, for example, 1-pyridinio(lower)alkyl , and such a suitable intermolecular quaternary salt may include 1-pyridinio(lower)alkyl halide (or tri luoromethanesulfonate) , and the like. In the object compound (I) and the intermediary compounds mentioned below, it is to be understood that there may be one or more stereo-isomeric pair(s) such as optical isomers due to asymmetric carbon atom(s), and such isomers are also included within the scope of the present 10 invention. According to the present invention, the object compound (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable•salts thereof can be prepared by the processes as illustrated by the ID following reaction schemes. Process 1 (ID or a reactive derivative at the oxo group thereof 30 or salts thereof J (I) or salts thereof Process 2 Removal reaction of the carboxy-protective group on R ' (I-a) or salts thereof COOH (I-b) or salts thereof Process 3 : Removal reaction of the (I-C) or salts thereof (I-d) or salts thereof Process 4 Reduction (I-e) or salts thereof (I) or salts thereof Process 5 (I-f) or salts thereof or salts thereof Process 6; Removal reaction of the amino-protective group 10 (I-h) or salts thereof (I-i) or salts thereof Process 7 : 25 Reduction ( I-j ) 35 or salts thereof (I-k) or salts thereof in which defined above, d is optionally substituted pyridyl(lower)alkenyl, optionally N-substituted 2- oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted imidazol- l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkenyl, optionally substituted imidazol- 5-yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted imidazol- 2-yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted pyrazol- 4-(or 5-)y1(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted pyrazol-1- ylethenyl, optionally substituted triazolyl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkenyl, or optionally substituted 2,3-dihydro- imidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-ylethenyl, 4 R b is pyridin-2-(or 3- or 4-)yl(lower)alkyl, * N-(lower)alkyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)- alkyl, imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C-.)alkyl, X 5 imidazol-2-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, pyrazol-1-ylethγl, pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, 1,2,3-triazol-l-yl(lower)alkyl, or 10 2,3-dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl- ethyl, each of which is optionally substituted by suitable substituent(s) , R, is 2-(or 3- or 4-)pyridinio(lower)alkyl, N-(lower)alkγl-2-oxo-l-piperazinio(lower)- 15 alkyl, l-imidazolio(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl, 2-(or 5-)imidazolio(lower)alkyl, (1-pyrazolio)- ethyl, 4-(or 5-)pyrazolio(lower)alkyl, pyrimidinio(lower) lkyl, 1-(or 5-) (1,2,4-triazolio) (lower)alkyl, 20 1-(1,2,3-triazolio) (lower)alkyl, or 2,3-dihydro-l-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazolio- ethyl, each of which is optionally substituted by suitable substituent(s) , 4 R is protected amino(lower)alkyl- 25 substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl, N-[protected amino(lower)alkyl]- substituted 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted imidazol-1-yl(C j -C-,)alkyl , •» 30 protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl, ■v, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl , protected amino(lower)alkγl- 35 substituted pyrazol-4-(or 5-)- yl(lower)alkyl , protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted pyrazol-1-ylethyl. _ ^ _ protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, 5 protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-b]- pγrazol-1-γlethyl, each of which is 10 further optionally, substituted by suitable substituent(s) , 4 R, is amino(lower)alkyl-substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl , N-[amino(lower)alkyl]-substituted-2- 15 oxopiperazin-1-yl(lower)alkyl , amino(lower)alkyl-substituted imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl, 20 amino(lower)alkyl-substituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted 25 pyrazol-1-ylethγl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, 30 amino(lower)alkyl-substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or amino(lower)alkyl-substituted 2,3- dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-l-γlethyl , each of which is further optionally 35 substituted by suitable substituent(s) , R 5 = i.s i.mi.no-protective group, R 6 is lower alkyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, ,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl, N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyl(lower)- alkyl or protected amino(lower)alkyl, A is lower alkylene, X is an acid residue. The compound (III) used in the Process 1 is new and can be prepared, for example, by the following methods or a conventional manner. Method A : (IV) (IH-a) or a reactive derivative or salts thereof at the hydroxy group thereof or salts thereof Method B : Elimination reaction R (Ill-a) (III) or a salt thereof or salts thereof 4 5 in which R , R and A are each as defined above, and R 7 i.s mercapto-protective group. In the above and subsequent descriptions of the present specification, suitable examples and illustrations of the various definitions which the present invention includes within the scope thereof are explained in detail as follows. The term "lower" is intended to mean 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atom(s), unless otherwise indicated. Suitable "hydroxy(lower)alkyl" and hydroxy(lower)- alkyl moiety in the term "N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]- carbamoyKlower)alkyl" may include straight or branched lower alkyl having hydroxy group such as hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, 1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl, 1-hydroxy-l-methylethγl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypentyl, hydroxyhexyl, and the like, in which more preferable example may be hydroxy(C. -C . )alkyl and the most preferable one may be 2-hydroxyethyl and hydroxymethyl. Suitable "lower alkyl", and "lower alkyl" moiety may include straight or branched one such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like, in which more preferable example may be C- j -C. alkyl and the most preferable one may be methyl, ethyl and propyl. Preferable example of carbamoyl(lower)alkyl may be carbamoyl(C--C.)alkyl and the most preferable one may be carbamoylmethyl. Preferable example of mono- or di(lower)alky1- carbamoyKlower)alkyl may be N,N-di(C..-C.Jalkylcarbamoyl- tC- j -C-)alkyl and the most preferable example may be N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl. Preferable example of N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]- carbamoyl(lower)alkyl may be N-[hydroxy(C,-C.)alkyl]- carbamoyl(C-.-C.)alkyl and the most preferable one may be N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl. Suitable " ercapto-protective group" may include acyl such as aliphatic acyl, aromatic acyl, heterocyclic acyl and aliphatic acyl substituted with aromatic or heterocyclic group(s) derived from carboxylic, carbonic, sulfonic and carbamic acids. The aliphatic acyl may include saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic ones, for example, alkanoyl such as lower alkanoyl (e.g. formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, etc.), alkylsulfonyl such as lower alkylsulfonyl (e.g. mesyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl , hexylsulfonyl, etc.), carbamoyl, N-alkylcarbamoyl (e.g. methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.), alkoxycarbonyl such as lower alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbony1, t-butoxycarbonyl, etc.), alkenyloxycarbonyl such as lower alkenyloxycarbonyl (e.g. vinyloxycarbonyl , allyloxycarbonyl, etc.), alkenoyl such as lower alkenoyl (e.g. acryloyl, methacryloyl, crotonoyl, etc. ) , cycloalkanecarbonyl such as cyclo(lower)alkanecarbonyl (e.g. cyclopropanecarbonyl, cyclopentanecarbonyl, cyclohexanecarbonyl, etc.), and the like. The aromatic acyl may include g-C 10 aroyl (e.g. benzoyl, toluoyl, xyloyl, etc.), N-(Cg-C 10 )arylcarbamoyl (e.g. N-phenylcarbamoyl , N-tolylcarbamoyl, N-naphthylcarbamoyl, etc.), Cg-C, Q arenesulfonyl (e.g. benzenesulfonyl, tosyl, etc.), and the like. The aliphatic acyl substituted with aromatic group(s) may include aralkoxycarbonyl such as phenyl(lower)alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. benzyloxycarbonyl , phenethyloxycarbonyl, etc. ) , and the like. These acyl groups may be further substituted with one or more suitable substituent(s) such as nitro, and the like, and preferable acyl having such substituent(s) may be nitroaralkoxycarbonyl (e.g. nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, etc. ) , and the like. More preferable example of "mercapto-protective group" thus defined may be C--C, alkanoyl and Cg-C., 0 aroyl and the most preferable one may be acetyl and benzoyl. Suitable "acid residue" may include an inorganic acid residue such as azido, halogen (e.g. chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine) , and the like, an organic acid residue such as acyloxy (e.g. benzenesulfonyloxy, tosyloxy, methanesulfonyloxy, etc.), and the like, in which more preferable example may be halogen and the most preferable one may be iodine. Suitable "protected carboxy" may include esterified carboxy wherein "esterified carboxy" can be referred to the ones as mentioned below. Suitable examples of the ester moiety of an esterified carboxy may be the ones such as lower alkyl ester (e.g. methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, isopropyl ester, butyl ester, isobutyl ester, t-butyl ester, pentyl ester, hexyl ester, etc.) which may have at least one suitable substituent(s) , for example, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkyl ester [e.g. acetoxym thyl ester, propionyloxymethyl ester, butyryloxymethyl ester, valeryloxymethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl ester, hexanoyloxymethyl ester, l-(or 2-)acetoxγethyl ester, l-(or 2- or 3-)acetoxypropyl ester, l-(or 2- or 3- or 4-)acetoxybutyl ester, l-(or 2-)propionyloxyethyl ester, l-(or 2- or 3-)propionyloxypropyl ester, l-(or 2-)butγryloxyethγl ester, l-(or 2-)isobutyryloxyethyl ester, l-(or 2-)pyvaloyloxyethyl ester, l-(or _ _ 2-)hexanoyloxyethyl ester, isobutyryloxymethyl ester, 2-ethylbutyryloxymethyl ester, 3,3-dimethγlbutyryloxymethyl ester, l-(or 2-)pentanoyloxyethyl ester, etc.], lower alkanesulfonyKlower)alkyl ester (e.g. 2-mesylethyl ester, etc.), mono(or di or tri)halo(lower)alkyl ester (e.g. 2-iodoethyl ester, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester, etc.); lower alkoxycarbonyloxy(lower)alkyl ester [e.g. methoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, ethoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, propoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, t-butoxycarbonyl- oxymethyl ester, l-(or 2-)methoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, l-(or 2-)ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, l-(or 2-) isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, etc.], phthalidylidene(lower)alkyl ester, or (5-lower alkγl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl) (lower)alkyl ester [e.g. (5-methyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl ester, (5-ethyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl ester, (5-propyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl)ethyl ester, etc.]; lower alkenyl ester (e.g. vinyl ester, allyl ester, etc.); lower alkynyl ester (e.g. ethynyl ester, propynyl ester, etc.); ar(lower)alkyl ester which may have at least one suitable substituent(s) (e.g. benzyl ester, 4-methoxybenzγl ester, 4-nitrobenzyl ester, phenethyl ester, trityl ester, benzhydryl ester, bis(methoxyphenyl) ethyl ester, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ester, 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylbenzyl ester, etc.); aryl ester which may have at least one suitable substituent(s) (e.g. phenyl ester, 4-chlorophenyl ester, tolyl ester, t-butylphenyl ester, xylyl ester, mesityl ester, cumenyl ester, etc.); phthalidyl ester; and the like. More preferable example of the protected carboxy thus defined may be C 2 -C. alkenyloxycarbonyl and phenyl(or nitrophenyl) (C..-C.)alkoxycarbonyl, and the most preferable one may be allyloxycarbonyl. Suitable "imino-protective group" may include acyl as mentioned in the explanation of mercapto-protective group, in which more preferable example may be C 2 ~C 4 alkenyloxycarbonyl and the most preferable one may be allyloxycarbonyl. Suitable "lower alkenyloxycarbonyl" may be the same as those explained in "protected carboxy" and the preferable example may be C 2 ~ C 6 alkenyloxycarbonyl and the most preferable one may be allyloxycarbonyl. Suitable "lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl" may be aforementioned hydroxyfC- j -C,)alkyl, wherein the hydroxy group is substituted by aforementioned C,-C 4 alkyl, and the most preferable example may be methoxymethyl. Preferable example of amino(lower)alkyl may be amino(C..-C.)alkyl and the most preferable example may be 3-aminopropy1. Suitable "protected amino(lower)alkyl" may be aforementioned amino(lower)alkyl, wherein the amino group is protected by a suitable amino-protective group such as acyl as explained in marcapto-protective group, in which more preferable example may be lower alkenyloxycarbonylamino(lower)alkyl and the most preferable one may be 3-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl. Suitable lower alkenyl moiety of "carbamoyKlower)alkenyl" may be straight or branched one such as vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 1-propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and the like. Preferable example of "carbamoyl(lower)alkenyl" may be carbamoyKC 2 ~C 4 )alkenyl, and the most preferable one may be 2-carbamoylethenyl. Preferable substituent(s) of optionally substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl , optionally N-substituted 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C-)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted imidazol-2-γl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrazol- 4(or 5)-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrazol-1- ylethyl, optionally substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl , optionally substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or optionally substituted 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]- pyrazol-1-ylethyl may be lower alkyl as mentioned above, carbamoyKlower)alkyl as mentioned above, mono- or di(lower)alkylcarbamoyKlower)alkyl as mentioned above, N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyl(lower)alkyl as mentioned above, lower alkenyloxycarbonyl as mentioned above, carbamoyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl as mentioned above, lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl as mentioned above, cyano, amino(lower)alkyl as mentioned above, protected amino(lower)alkyl as mentioned above, and carbamoyl(lower)alkenyl as mentioned above. Suitable example of optionally substituted pyridyKlower)alkyl may be pyridyl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyKlower)alkyl, mono- or di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl and N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyKlower)alkyl, and more preferable one may be pyridyl(C--C 2 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl, carbamoylmethyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl. Suitable example of optionally N-substituted 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkyl may be 2-oxopiperazin-l- yl(lower)alkyl optionally N-substituted by the group consisting of lower alkenyloxycarbonyl and lower alkyl, and more preferable one may be 2-oxopiperazin-l-ylmethyl optionally N-substituted by the group consisting of methyl and allyloxycarbonyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl may be imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyl , carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl, cyano, amino(lower) lkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl and carbamoyKlower)alkenyl, and more preferable example may be imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl, carbamoyl, carbamoylmethyl and hydroxymethyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted imidazol-5-γl(lower)alkyl may be imidazol-5-γl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be imidazol-5-ylmethγl optionally substituted by lower alkyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl may be imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl and carbamoyKlower)alkyl, and more preferable example may be imidazol-2-γl(C-,-C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl and carbamoylmethyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted pγrazol-4- (or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl may be pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be pyrazol-4-(or 5-)ylmethyl optionally substituted by methyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted pyrazol-1-ylethyl may be pyrazol-1-ylethyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be 2-(pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally substituted by methyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted triazolyKlower)alkyl may be 1,2,4-(or l,2,3-)triazolγl- (lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be l,2,4-triazol-l-(or 5-)γl(C ; ,-C 2 )alkyl or 1,2,3-triazol-l-γlmethγl, each of which is optionally substituted by methyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl may be pyrimidinyl(•lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be pyrimidin-2-(or 5-)γlmethyl optionally substituted by methyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted dihydropγrimidinγl(lower)alkyl may be dihydropyrimidinyl- (lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be l,6-(dihydropyrimidin- 5-yl)methyl)optionally substituted by methyl. Suitable example of optionally substituted (2,3- dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl may be (2,3- dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, and more preferable example may be 2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally substituted by methyl. Suitable "lower alkylene" means straight or branched one such as methylene, ethylene, trimethylene , methylethylene , and the like, in which more preferable example may be C--C, alkylene and the most preferable one may be methylene. Preferable examples of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as follows. R is carboxy or esterified carboxy, R 2 is 1-hydroxyethyl, 3 . R is methyl, 4 . R is pyridyKlower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyKlower)alkyl, mono- or di(lower)alkylcarbamoyKlower)alkyl and N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyl(lower)alkyl; 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkyl optionally N-substituted by the group consisting of lower alkenyloxycarbonyl and lower alkyl; imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyl, carbamoyKlower)alkyl and hydroxy(lower)alkyl; i idazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl and carbamoyl(lower)alkyl; or pγrazol-4-yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; and R is hydrogen or esterified carboxy, or R is carboxy or esterified carboxy, 2 R is hydrox (lower)alkyl, 3 R is lower alkyl, 4 R is pyridyKlower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyKlower)alkyl, mono- or di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl and N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyl(lower)alkyl; 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkyl optionally N-substituted by the group consisting of lower alkenyloxycarbonyl and lower alkyl; imidazol-l-yl(C2-C3)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl, cyano, amino(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl and carbamoyl(lower)alkenyl; imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl and carbamoyl(lower)alkyl; pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; pγrazol-1-ylethyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; 1,2,4-(or 1,2,3-)triazolyKlower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; or (2 ,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; and 5 R is hydrogen or esterified carboxy. More preferable examples of R 1 , R2 , R3 , R4 and R5 are as follows. R is carboxy, 2 R is 2-hydroxyethyl, 3 R is methyl, 4 R is pyridyKC..-Chalky1 optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl, carbamoylmethyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl; 2-oxopiperazin-l-ylmethyl optionally N-substituted by the group consisting of allyloxycarbonyl and methyl; imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl, carbamoyl, carbamoylmethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, cyano, aminopropyl, (allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl and carbamoylethenyl; imidazol-5-ylmethyl optionally substituted by methyl; imidazol-2-γl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl and carbamoylmethyl; pyrazol-4-(or 5-)ylmethyl optionally substituted by methyl; 2-(pyrazol-l-yl)ethγl optionally substituted by methyl; 1,2,4-triazolyl(C,-C 2 )alkyl optionally substituted by methyl; 1,2,3-triazol-l-ylethyl optionally substituted by methyl; pyrimidin-2-(or 5-)ylmethyl optionally substituted by methyl; (1,6-dihydropyrimidinyl) (lower)alkyl optionally substituted by methyl; or 2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally substituted by methyl; and R is hydrogen. The processes for the preparation of the object compound (I) of the present invention are explained in detail in the following. (1) Process 1 : The compound (I) or salts thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (II) or a reactive derivative at the oxo group thereof or salts thereof with the compound (III) or salts thereof. Suitable salts of the compound (II) may be salts with bases such as those given for the compound •(I) . The reactive derivative at the oxo group of the compound (II) can be represented by the following formula (II 1 ), which is preferably used in this reaction and can be prepared by reacting the compound (II) or salts thereof with an acylating agent. (ID (II') or salts thereof or salts thereof n which R 1, R2 and R3 are each as defined above, and 3 R is acyl as exemplified for the imino-protective group and further 0,0-substituted phosphono derived from, for example, organic phosphoric acid mentioned hereinbelow. Suitable acylating agents may include conventional ones which can introduce the acyl group as mentioned above into the compound (II), and preferable acylating agents may be organic sulfonic or phosphoric acid or its reactive derivative such as acid halide, acid anhydride, and the like, for example, arenesulfonyl halide (e.g. benzenesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, p-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride, etc.), arenesulfonic anhydride (e.g. benzenesulfonic anhydride, p-toluenesulfonic anhydride, p-nitrobenzenesulfonic anhydride, etc. ) , lower alkanesulfonyl halide which may have additional halogen (e.g. methanesulfonyl chloride, ethanesulfonyl chloride, trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, etc.), lower alkanesulfonic anhydride which may have halogen (e.g. methanesulfonic anhydride, ethanesulfonic anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, etc. ) , -di(lower)alkyl phosphorohaloridate (e.g. diethyl phosphorochloridate, etc.), diaryl phosphorohaloridate (e.g. diphenyl phosphorochloridate, etc.), and the like. This acylation reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, hexamethylphosphoramide, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, etc., or a mixture thereof. When the acylating agent is used in a free acid form or its salt form in this reaction, the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional condensing agent such as carbodiimide compound [e.g. N,N'-diethylσarbodiimide, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-cyclohexγl-N'- morpholinoethylcarbodiimide r N-cyclohexyl-N'-(4-diethyl- aminocyclohexyl)carbodiimide , N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethyl- aminopropyl)carbodiimide , etc. ]; N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, N,N'-carbonylbis(2-methylimidazole) ; keteneimine compound (e.g. pentamethyleneketene-N-cyclohexγlimine, diphenyl- ketene-N-cyclohexylimin , etc.); ethoxyacetylene; 1-alkoxy-l-chloroethylene; ethyl polyphosphate; isopropylpolyphosphate; phosphorus oxychloride; phosphorus trichloride; thionyl chloride; oxalyl chloride; a combination of triphenylphosphine with carbon tetrachloride or diazenedicar oxylate; 2-ethyl-7-hydroxy- benzisoxazolium salt; 2-ethyl-5-(m-sulfophenyl)- isoxazolium hydroxide intramolecular salt; l-(p-chloro- benzenesulfonyloxy)-6-chloro-lH-benzotriazole; so-called Vilsmeier reagent prepared by the reaction of N,N-dimethylformamide with thionyl chloride, phosgene, phosphorus oxychloride, etc. ; and the like. This acylation reaction may be carried out in the presence of an inorganic or organic base such as an alkali metal bicarbonate (e.g. sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.), alkali metal carbonate (e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), alkaline earth metal carbonate (e.g. magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, etc.) , tri(lower)alkylamine (e.g. trimethyla ine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine, etc.), pyridine compound [e.g. pyridine, picoline, lutidine, • N,N-di(lower)alkylaminopyridine such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.], quinoline, N-lower alkyl orpholine (e.g. N-methylmorpholine, etc. ) , N,N-di(lower)alkylbenzylamine (e.g. N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, etc.), alkali metal alkoxide (e.g. sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium butoxide, etc.), and the like. The reaction temperature of this acylation reaction is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to warming. With regard to the compound (II), it is to be noted that the 3,7-dioxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane ring system - 23 of the following formula (IIA) is well known to lie to tautomeric relation with the 3-hydroxy-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene ring system of the following formula (IIB), and accordingly, it is to be understood that both of these ring systems are substantially the same. Tautomerism :IIA) lIIB) The compound (II' ) or salts thereof can be used with or without isolation for the subsequent reaction with the compound (III) or salts thereof. Suitable salts of the compound (III) may be the same as those for the compound (I) and silver salt. The reaction of the compound (II) or its reactive derivative or salts thereof with the compound (III) or salts thereof can be carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as those given in the explanation of the acylation reaction as stated above. This reaction can be carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as those given in the explanation of the acylation reaction. The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to warming. (2) Process 2 : The compound (I-b) or salts thereof can be prepared by subjecting the compound (I-a) or salts thereof to removal reaction of the carboxy-protective group on R . Suitable salts of the compounds (I-a) and (I-b) may be the same as those for the compound (I) . The present reaction is usually carried out by a conventional method such as hydrolysis, reduction, and the like. (i) Hydrolysis : Hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of a base or an acid. Suitable base may include an alkalimetal hydroxide (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), an alkaline earth metal hydroxide (e.g. magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal hydride (e.g. sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.), alkaline earth metal hydride (e.g. calcium hydride, etc.), alkali metal alkoxide (e.g. sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide, etc. ) , an alkali metal carbonate (e.g. sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), and alkaline earth metal carbonate (e.g. magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, etc.), an alkali metal bicarbonate (e.g. sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc. ) , and the like. Suitable acid may include an organic acid (e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc.) and an inorganic acid (e.g. hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.). The acidic hydrolysis using trifluoroacetic acid is usually accelerated by addition of cation trapping agent (e.g. phenol, anisole, etc.). In case that the hydroxy-protective group is tri(lower)alkyIsilyl, the hydrolysis can be carried out in the presence of tri(lower)alkylammonium halide (e.g. tributylammonium fluoride, etc.). This reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as water, dichloromethane, alcohol (e.g. methanol, ethanol, etc.), tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone, etc., or a mixture thereof. A liquid base or acid can be also used as the solvent. The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to heating. (ii) Reduction : The reduction method applicable for this removal reaction may include, for example, reduction by using a combination of a metal (e.g. zinc, zinc amalgam, etc.) or a salt of chrome compound (e.g. chromous chloride, chromous acetate, etc. ) and an organic or inorganic acid (e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.); and conventional catalytic reduction in the presence of a conventional metallic catalyst such as palladium catalysts (e.g. spongy palladium, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium on carbon, colloidal palladium, palladium on barium sulfate, palladium on barium carbonate, palladium hydroxide on carbon, etc.), nickel catalysts (e.g. reduced nickel, nickel oxide, Raney nickel, etc.), platinum catalysts (e.g. platinum plate, spongy platinum, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, platinum wire, etc.), and the like. In case that the catalytic reduction is applied, the reaction is preferably carried out around neutral condition. This reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as water, alcohol (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, buffer solution (e.g. phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, etc.), and the like, or a mixture thereof. The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to warming. In case that the carboxy-protective group is allyl group, it can be deprotected by hydrogenolysis using a palladium compound. Suitable palladium compound used in this reaction may be palladium on carbon, palladium hydroxide on carbon, palladium chloride, a palladium-ligand complex such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) , bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) , di[l,2-bis(diphenyl phosphino)ethane]palladium(0) , tetrakis(triphenyl phosphite)palladium(O) , tetrakis(triethyl phosphite)- palladium(O) , and the like. The reaction can preferably be carried out in the presence of a scavenger of allyl group generated in situ, such as amine (e.g. morpholine, N-methylaniline, etc.), an activated methylene compound (e.g. dimedone, benzoylacetate, 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid, etc.), a cyanohydrin compound (e.g. α-tetrahydropyranyloxybenzyl cyanide, etc. ) , lower alkanoic acid or a salt thereof (e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, ammonium formate, sodium acetate, etc. ) , N-hydroxysuccinimide , and the like. This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a base such as lower alkylamine (e.g. butylamine, triethyamine, etc.), pyridine, and the like. This reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a conventional reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, tributyltin hydride, and the like. When palladium-ligand complex is used in this reaction, the reaction can preferably be carried out in the presence of the corresponding ligand (e.g. triphenylphosphine, triphenyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, etc.). This reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, etc. , or a mixture thereof. The removal reaction can be selected according to the kind of carboxy-protective group to be removed. The present process includes within the scope thereof a cassee tthhaatt tthhee iimmiinnoo--pprrootteeccttiivvee gg:roup of R is removed at the same time during the reaction. (3) Process 3 : The compound (I-d) or salts thereof can be prepared by subjecting the compound (I-c) or salts thereof to 5 removal reaction of the imino-protective group on R C_L. Suitable salts of the compounds (I-c) and (I-d) may be the same as those for the compound (I). This reaction is usually carried out by a conventional method such as hydrolysis, reduction and the like. The method of hydrolysis and reduction, and the reaction conditions (e.g. reaction temperature, solvent, etc.) are substantially the same as those illustrated for removal reaction of the carboxy-protective group of the compound (I-a) in Process 2, and therefore are to be referred to said explanation. The present process includes within the scope thereof a casee tthhaatt tthhee ccaarrbbooxxyy--pprrootteeccttiivvee ggrr<oup on R is removed at the same time during the reaction. (4) Process 4 : The compound (I) or salts thereof can be prepared by reducing the compound (I-e) or salts thereof. Suitable salts of the compound (I-e) may be the same as those for the compound (I) . The method of reduction, and the reaction conditions (e.g. reaction temperature, solvent, etc.) are substantially the same as those illustrated for removal reaction of the carboxy-protective group of the compound (I-a) in Process 2 , and therefore are to be referred to said explanation. In case that the starting compound (I-e) constitutes intermolecular quaternary salt(s), the counter anion may be changed in the resulting compound (I-f). (5) Process 5 : The compound (I-g) or salts thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (I-f) or salts thereof with the compound (IV) . Suitable salts of the compounds (I-f) and (I-g) may be the same as those for the compound (I) . This reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as water, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitrile , etc. , or a mixture thereof. The reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to warming. (6) Process 6 : The compound (I-i) or salts thereof can be prepared by subjecting the compound (I-h) or salts thereof to - 4 removal reaction of the amino-protective group on R C. Suitable salts of the compounds (I-h) and (I-i) may be the same as those for the compound (I) . This reaction is usually carried out by a conventional method such as hydrolysis, reduction and the like. The method of hydrolysis and reduction, and the reaction conditions (e.g. reaction temperature, solvent, etc.) are substantially the same as those illustrated for removal reaction of the carboxy-protective group of the compound (I-a) in Process 2, and therefore are to be referred to said explanation. The present process includes within the scope thereof a case that the carboxy-protective group on R and/or imino-protective group of R are removed at the same time during the reaction. (7) Process 7 : The compound (I-k) or salts thereof can be prepared by reducing the compound (I-j) or salts thereof. Suitable salts of the compounds (I-j) and (I-k) may be the same as those for the compound (I) . The method of reduction, and the reaction conditions (e.g. reaction temperature, solvent, etc.) are substantially the same as those illustrated for removal reaction of the carboxy-protective group of the compound (I-a) in Process 2, and therefore are to be referred to said explanation. In case that the starting compound (I-e) constitutes intermolecular quaternary salt(s) , the counter anion may be changed in the resulting compound (I-f). Method A and B for preparing the new starting compound (III) or salts thereof are explained in detail in the following. Method A The compound (Ill-a) or salts thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (IV) or a reactive derivative at the hydroxy group thereof or salts thereof with the compound (V) or salts thereof. Suitable salts of the compounds (Ill-a) and (IV) may be the same as those for the compound (I) . Suitable salts of the compound (V) may be salts with bases such as those given for the compound (I) . Suitable reactive derivative at the hydroxy group of the compound (IV) may include a conventional one such as halide (e.g. chloride, bromide, iodide, etc. ) , sulfonate (e.g. methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, etc.), and the like, in which more preferable example may be sulfonate. The starting compound (IV) of this method is new and can be prepared by the methods described in the Preparations mentioned below. Preferable example of the compound (V) may be ar(lower)alkanethiol such as mono- or di- or triphenyKlower)alkanethiol (e.g. phenylmethanethiol, diphenylmethanethiol, triphenylmethanethiol, etc.), thio(lower)alkanoic S-acid (e.g. thioacetic S-acid, etc.) or salts thereof, thioarenoic S-acid or salts thereof (e.g. thiobenzoic S-acid, etc.), and the like, in which more preferable example may be triphenyKC,-C«)alkanethiol, thio(C,-C.)alkanoic S-acid or alrali metal salts thereof and thio(Cg-C, Q )arenoic S-acid or alkali metal salts thereof, and the most preferable one a; be triphenylmethanethiol, thioacetic S-acid and po-assium thioacetate. In case that the compound (V) may be ar(lower)- al-.anethiol, the starting compound (IV) of the present reaction is preferably used in the form of its reactive derivative at the hydroxy group, and in such a case, this reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as those exemplified in the explanation of Process 2. in case that suitable example of compound (V) may be thio(lower)alkanoic S-acid or thioarenoic S-acid, this reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional condensing agent such as combination of triarylphosphine (e.g. triphenylphosphine, etc.) and di(lower)alkyl azodicarboxylate (e.g. diethyl azodicarboxylate, etc.). This reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, propanol, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, tetrahydrofuran, etc. , or a mixture thereof. The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to warming. In this method, the configuration on the carbon atom substituted with the hydroxy group of the compound (IV) is inverted in the compound (Ill-a) . (B) Method B The compound (III) or salts thereof can be prepared by subjecting the compound (Ill-a) or salts thereof to elimination reaction of the mercapto-protective group. This elimination reaction can be carried out by a conventional method as described below, which can be selected according to the kind of mercapto-protective group to be eliminated. In case that the protective groups may be ar(lower)alkyl group, it can generally be eliminated by treating, for example, with a silver compound (e.g. silver nitrate, silver carbonate, etc.). The reaction with the silver compound as stated above is preferably carried out in the presence of an organic base (e.g. pyridine, etc.). The resultant silver salt of compound (III) can be transformed into its alkali metal salt, if necessary, by reacting with alkali metal halide (e.g. sodium iodide, potassium iodide, etc.). Further, in case that the protective groups may be acyl group, it can generally be eliminated by solvolysis such as hydrolysis using an acid or base, alcoholysis using a base, and the like. Suitable acid or base used in these reactions may be the same such as those given in the explanation of hydrolysis of the Process 2. The hydrolysis is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction such as water, alcohol (e.g. methanol, ethanol, etc.), pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, etc., or a mixture thereof, and further in case that the base or acid to be used is in liquid, it can also be used as a solvent. The alcoholysis is usually carried out in a conventional alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, and the like. The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under from cooling to warming. The object compounds obtained according to the above Processes can be isolated and purified in a conventional manner, for example, extraction, precipitation, fractional crystallization, recrystallization, chromatography, and the like. The object compound (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof of the present invention are novel and exhibit high antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and are useful as antimicrobial agents. In the present invention, the object compound (I) possessing more potent antimicrobial activity can be represented by the following formula : 10 COOH in which R 2, R3, R4 and A are each as defined above, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. -l c - -f Particularly, the compound (I) possessing the most potent antimicrobial activity can be represented by the following formula: COOH in which R , R and A are each as defined above, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Now in order to show the utility of the object compound (I), the test data on antimicrobial activity of the representative compound of the compound (I) of this 35 invention is shown in the following. in vitro Antimicrobial Activity Test Method in vitro Antimicrobial Activity was determined by the two-fold agar-plate dilution method as described below. One loopful of an overnight culture of a test strain g in Trypticase-soy broth (10 viable cells per ml) was streaked on heart infusion agar (Hl-agar) containing graded concentrations of the test compound, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was expressed in terms of ug/ml after incubation at 37°C for 20 hours. Test Compound The compound of Example 4-4) Test Result : For therapeutic administration, the object compound (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof of the present invention are used in the form of conventional pharmaceutical preparation which contains said compound, as an active ingredient, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers such as an organic or inorganic solid or liquid excipient which is suitable for oral, parenteral and external administration. The pharmaceutical preparations may be in solid form such as tablet, granule, powder, capsule, or liquid form such as solution, suspension, syrup, emulsion, lemonade, and the like. If needed, there may be included in the above preparations auxiliary substances, stabilizing agents, wetting agents and other commonly used additives such as lactose, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, terra alba, sucrose, corn starch, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, peanut oil, olive oil, cacao butter, ethylene glycol, tartaric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and the like. While the dosage of the compound (I) may vary from and also depend upon the age, conditions of the patient, a kind of diseases, a kind of the compound (I) to be applied, etc. In general, amount between 1 mg and about 4,000 mg or even more per day may be administered to a patient. An average single dose of about 1 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg, 2000 mg, of the object compound (I) of the present invention may be used in treating diseases infected by pathogenic microorganisms. The following Preparations and Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating this invention in more detail. (continued on the next page) Preparation 1-1) To a solution of oxalyl chloride (2.53 ml) and dichloromethane (90 ml) was dropwise added dimethyl sulfoxide (4.31 ml) at -40°C ~ -50°C with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 minutes. To the solution was added dropwise a solution of (2S,4R)- l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-2-(hydroxy¬ methyl)pγrrolidine (8.70 g) in dichloromethane (45 ml) at -40°C ~ -50°C. After 10 minutes with stirring, triethylamine (19.2 ml) was dropwise added to the solution and the mixture was stirred at 0 - 10°C for 30 minutes. The insoluble material was filtered off and the filtrate was washed successively with IN hydrochloric acid, water, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue of (2S,4R)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butγldimethylsiloxy-2- formylpyrrolidine. On the other hand, to a solution of 3-picolyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (11.8 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (60 ml) was added portionwise potassium t-butoxide (3.40 g) at 0 ~ 5°C with stirring and then stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was dropwise added to a solution of the residue obtained above in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate and the mixture was washed successively with.IN hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (250 g) eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1, V/V). The first fractions were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butγldimethyl- siloxy-2-[(Z)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinγl]pγrrolidine (4.60 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.06 (6H, s), 0.80 (9H, s), 1.65-1.90 (IH, m), 1.98-2.10 (IH, m) , 3.34-3.56 (2H, m), 4.30-4.39 (IH, m) , 4.40-4.56 (2H, m) , 4.70-4.90 (IH, m), 4.95-5.55 (2H, m) , 5.64 (IH, dd, J=9.4Hz, J=11.6Hz), 5.70-6.00 (IH, m) , 6.25-6.43 (IH, m) , 7.17-7.25 (IH, ) , 7.40-7.80 (IH, m), 8.40-8.50 (2H, m) The second fractions were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylsiloxy-2-[(E)-2-(pyridin-3-yl>vinyl]- pyrrolidine (3.73 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.06 (6H, s), 0.82 (9H, s), 1.76-1.90 (IH, m), 1.96-2.10 (IH, m) , 3.35-3.50 (2H, m), 4.25-4.60 (4H, m) , 4.90-5.25 (2H, m) , 5.60-5.92 (IH, m) , 6.08 (IH, broad d) , 6.25-6.50 (IH, m) , 7.08-7.20 (IH, m) , 7.79 (IH, broad d, J=7.9Hz), 8.36 (IH, broad d, J=3.97Hz), 8.49 (IH, broad s) Preparation 1-2) (2S,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-hγdroxy-2-[(E)-2- (pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.90-2.05 (IH, m), 2.15-2.35 (IH, m), 3.58-3.80 (2H, ) , 4.45-4.80 (4H, m) , 5.05-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.05 (IH, m) , 6.10-6.30 (IH, broad dd), 6.35-6.60 (IH, m) , 7.20-7.30 (IH, m) , 7.68 (IH, d, J=7.87Hz), 8.43 (IH, d, J=3.99Hz), 8.56 (IH, d, J=1.84Hz) Preparation 1-3) (2S,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methylsulfonyloxy- 2-[ (E)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]pγrrolidine was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.00-2.21 (IH, m) , 2.52-2.68 (IH, m), 3.07 (3H, s), 3.72 (IH, dd, J=4.18Hz, J=12.9Hz), 3.90-4.10 (IH, m) , 4,50-4.80 (3H, m) , 5.10-5.35 (3H, m) , 5.75-6.00 (IH, m) , 6.19 (IH, dd, J=8.2Hz, J=17.1Hz), 6.50 (IH, broad d, J=17.1Hz), 7.23-7.30 (IH, m) , 7.69 (IH, d, J=7.90Hz), 8.49 (IH, d) , 8.59 (IH, s) Preparation 1-4) (2S,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-acetylthio-2-[ (E)-2- (pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-5). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-1.95 (IH, m) , 2.34 (3H, s) , 2.60-2.81 (IH, m), 3.34-3.43 (IH, m) , 3.94-4.17 (2H, m), 4.50-4.70 (3H, m) , 5.10-5.38 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.05 (IH, m) , 6.24 (IH, dd, J=6.76Hz, J=15.9Hz), 6.47 (IH, broad d, J=15.9Hz), 7.21-7.28 (IH, m) , 7.60-7.71 (IH, m) , 8.40-8.60 (2H, m) Preparation 1-5) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbσnyl-2- {(E)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethγl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlate was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 2-1). IR (Neat) : 1760, 1690, 1625, 1540, 1400, 1330 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.38 (3H, d, J=7.23Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.25Hz), 1.82-1.97 (IH, ) , 2.50-2.80 (IH, m), 3.20-3.80 (4H, m) , 3.90-6.10 (14H, m) , 6.27 (IH, dd, J=7.17Hz, J=15.8Hz), 6.52 (IH, broad d, J=15.8Hz), 7.20-7.40 (IH, m) , 7.65-7.78 (IH, ) , 8.47 (IH, d, J=3.48Hz), 8.57 (IH, s) Preparation 1-6) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2- {(E)-2-(l-methγl-3-pyridinio)vinyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio- 6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 3-2). This product was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 1-7) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2S,4S)-2-{(E)-2-(l-methyl-3-pyridinio)vinyl>- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene- 2-carboxylic acid chloride was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-2) . IR (Nujol) : 1740-1720, 1570-1530, 1130 cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.16), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.34Hz), 1.90-2.15 (IH, m) , 2.80-3.05 (IH, m) , 3.35-3.55 (3H, m) , 3.81 (IH, dd, J=7.00Hz, J=12.4Hz), 4.00-4.30 (3H, m) , 4.41 (3H, s) , 6.75 (IH, dd, J=7.83Hz, J=16.0Hz), 6.98 (IH, d, J=16.0Hz) , 8.03 (IH, dd, J=6.1Hz, J=8.1Hz), 8.62 (IH, d, J=8.2Hz), 8.71 (IH, d, J=6.lHz), 8.93 (IH, s) FAB Mass : 430.2 (M + ) Preparation 2-1) To a solution of oxalyl chloride (2.51 ml) and dichloromethane (100 ml) was dropwise added dimethyl sulfoxide (4.27 ml) at -40 50°C with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 minutes. To the solution was added dropwise a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (10 g) in dichloromethane (50 ml) at -40 - -50°C. After 10 minutes with stirring, triethylamine (19.0 ml) was dropwise added to the solution and the mixture was stirred at 0 ~ 10°C for 30 minutes. The insoluble material was filtered off and the filtrate was washed successively with IN hydrochloric acid, water, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. On the other hand, to a solution of 3-picolyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride (11.7 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (50 ml) was added portionwise potassium t-butoxide (3.38 g) at 0 ~ 5°C with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was dropwise added to a solution of the residue obtained above in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (200 ml) and the mixture was washed successively with water (100 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (300 g) eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1, V/V). The early fractions were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)-2-[ (Z)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (4.71 g ) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.84 (9H, s), 1.75-2.00 (IH, m), 2.11-2.35 (2H, m) , 3.40-3.65 (2H, ), 4.35-4.45 (IH, m) , 4.70-5.20 (3H, ) , 5.71 (IH, dd), 6.40 (IH, dd) , 7.00-7.40 (5H, m) , 7.89 (IH, broad s), 8.30-8.60 (3H, ) The next fractions were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyl- dimethylsilyloxy)-2-[(E)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (3.85 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.67 (6H, s) , 0.88 (9H, s), 1.85-1.96 (IH, m) , 2.08-2.30 (2H, m) , 3.50-3.65 (2H, m), 4.38-4.43 (IH, m) , 4.51-4.75 (IH, m) , 4.95-5.30 (2H, m) , 6.00-6.60 (2H, m) , 7.10-7.45 (6H, m), 7.50-7.80 (IH, m) , 8.40-8.60 (2H, m) Preparation 2-2) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-[(Z) -2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]- pyrrolidine (4.70 g) in methanol (50 ml) was added cone, hydrochloric acid (2.68 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring and the mixture was allowed to stand at the same temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (6.20 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the resulting insoluble material was filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxy- carbonγl-4-hydroxy-2-[(Z)-2-(pγridin-3-yl)vinyl]- pyrrolidine (5.20 g) . Preparation 2-3) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxγcarbonγl-4- hydroxγ-2-[(Z)-2-(pγridin-3-yl)vinγl]pyrrolidine (5.2 g) in a mixture of ethyl acetate (50 ml) and triethylamine (2.90 ml) was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (1.24 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (30 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:2, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzγloxy- carbony1-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-[ (Z)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)- vinyl]pyrrolidine (4.14 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.00-2.10 (IH, m) , 2.40-2.70 (IH, m), 3.01 (3H, s), 3.70 (IH, dd, J=3.82Hz, J=13.2Hz), 3.90-4.10 (IH, m) , 4.80-5.30 (4H, m) , 5.67 (IH, t, J=11.3Hz), 6.35-6.70 (IH, m) , 7.10-7.45 (6H, m) , 8.30-8.70 (2H, m) ° Preparation 2-4) A solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methane- sulfonyloxy-2-[ (Z)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (4.13 g) , cone, hydrochloric acid (1.71 ml), 10% palladium on carbon (50% wet) (2.0 g) in methanol (80 ml) was stirred for 4 hours under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at ambient temperature. After the catalyst was filtered off, the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) and water (40 ml). To the solution was added dropwise a solution of allyl chloroformate (1.52 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) with stirring, while keeping the pH to 8-10 with 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at the same condition for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]- pyrrolidine (3.40 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.65-1.80 (IH, m) , 1.90-2.15 (IH, m), 2.20-2.70 (4H, m) , 3.04 (3H, s), 3.50-3.65 (IH, m), 3.90-4.20 (2H, m) , 4.59 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.35 (3H, m) , 5.83-6.04 (IH, m) , 7.18-7.27 (IH, m), 7.40-7.60 (IH, m) , 8.44-8.50 (2H, m) Preparation 2-5) To a solution of potassium t-butoxide (1.50 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added dropwise thioacetic acid (0.96 ml) with stirring at -10 ~ -5°C. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes. A solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- methanesulfonyloxy-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (3.39 g) in N,N-dimethγlformamide (20 ml) was added to the mixture obtained above with stirring at the same temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80-90°C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (120 ml) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (80 ml) . The extract was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l- allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (3.12 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.60-1.90 (2H, m) , 2.35 (3H, s), 2.40-2.70 (4H, m) , 3.18 (IH, dd, J=11.28Hz, J=7.67Hz), 3.80-4.15 (3H, m) , 4.57 (2H, broad d, J=5.57Hz), 5.18-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.05 (IH, m) , 7.19-7.28 (IH, m) , 7.54 (IH, broad s), 8.47 (2H, broad s) Preparation 3-1) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-formylpyrrolidine (30.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) was added methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate (35.2 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on a 300 g of silica gel to give (2S,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonγl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxo-l- propenyl)pyrrolidine (29.8 g) as a colorless oil. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 0.06 (6H, s), 0.87 (9H, s), 1.74-1.95 (IH, m) , 2.01-2.22 (IH, m) , 3.40-3.60 (2H, m), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.30-4.43 (IH, m) , 4.49-4.68 (3H, m) , 5.10-5.39 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.00 (2H, m), 6.79-6.90 (IH, m) Preparation 3-2) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxo-l-propenyl)- pyrrolidine (18.7 g) in tetrahydrofuran (190 ml) were added successively sodium borohydride (3.83 g) and lithium iodide (13.5 g) at room temperature and the mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water (200 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 ml x 3). The combined extracts were washed with brine (400 ml), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethγlsilyloxy-2-(3-hydroxy- propyl)pyrrolidine (17.2 g) as a pale yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 0.06 (6H, s), 0.86 (9H, s), 1.2-1.3 (6H, m) , 3.36-3.37 (2H, m) , 3.57-3.61 (2H, m), 3.95-4.11 (IH, ) , 4.52-4.54 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.29 (2H, m) , 5.79-5.98 (IH, m) Preparation 3-3) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyrrolidine (17.1 g) in dichloromethane (170 ml) were added successively triethylamine (10.4 ml) and methanesulfonyl chloride (4.63 ml) under an ice-bath. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1.5 hours and quenched by the addition of water (85 ml). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with dichloromethane (50 ml x 2). The organic layers were combined and washed with IN hydrochloric acid (85 ml), brine (85 ml) and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave (2R,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(3-methanesulfonyl- oxypropyl)pyrrolidine (21.2 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 0.06 (6H, s), 0.86 (9H, s), 1.43-2.04 (6H, m) , 3.01 (3H, s), 3.35-3.67 (2H, m), 3.91-4.11 (IH, m) , 4.21-4.27 (2H, m) , 4.33-4.38 (IH, m) , 4.49-4.69 (2H, m) , 5.17-5.35 (2H, m), 5.84-6.03 (IH, m) Preparation 3-4) To a solution of imidazole (3.57 g) in dimethylformamide (100 ml) was added potassium t-butoxide (5.89 g) portionwise at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes. Then a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(3-methanesulfonyloxypropyl)pyrro¬ lidine (20.1 g) , in dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 60°C. After stirring for 1 hour, water (200 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with hexane-ethyl acetate (2:1) (200 ml x 5). The combined extract was washed with water (1 I ) , brine (1 i ) , and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy-2-[3-(imidazol-l-yl)propyl]pyrrolidine (18.1 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.85 (9H, s), 1.17-2.05 (6H, m), 3.32-3.67 (2H, m) , 3.82-4.09 (3H, m), 4.29-4.33 (IH, m) , 4.58-4.61 (2H, m) , 5.17-5.33 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.06 (IH, m) , 6.91 (IH, s), 7.05 (IH, s), 7.46 (IH, s) Preparation 3-5) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-[3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl]- pyrrolidine (19.0 g) in acetonitrile (94 ml) was added cone, hydrochloric acid (9.4 ml) dropwise at 0°C. The solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes and quenched by the addition of triethylamine (16.7 ml). To the mixture was added ethyl acetate (200 ml) and the insoluble solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 ml). The insoluble solid was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to give a light brown paste. The paste was chromatographed on a 90 g of silica gel to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-[3-(imidazol-l-yl)propyl]pyrrolidine (12.5 g) as a pale yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.3-3.0 (7H, m) , 3.27-3.74 (2H, m), 3.85-4.12 (3H, m) , 4.33-4.46 (IH, m) , 4.53-4.66 (2H, ) , 5.18-5.33 (2H, m) , 5.78-6.06 (IH, m), 6.90 (IH, s), 7.04 (IH, s), 7.46 (IH, s) Preparation 3-6) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-[3-(imidazol-l-yl)propyl]pyrrolidine (12.5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (125 ml) were added successively triphenylphosphine (17.6 g) and diethyl azodicarboxylate (10.6 ml) at -10°C and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Then thiobenzoic acid (9.5 ml) was added at the same temperature and the solution was stirred for 3 hours. To the solution was added ethyl acetate (125 ml) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (125 ml x 2) and brine (250 ml). The solution was dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated to give a yellow oil. The oil was chromatographed on a 500 g of silica gel to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-4-benzoylthio-2-[3- (imidazol-1-yl)propyl]pyrrolidine (15.3 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.4-2.8 (6H, m) , 3.21-3.31 (IH, m), 3.95-4.25 (5H, m) , 4.57-4.61 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.84-6.03 (IH, m) , 6.93-8.10 (8H, m) Preparation 4-1) Acetyl chloride (380 ml) was dropwise added to methanol (3.5 ϋ ) at 10-25°C with stirring, followed by (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (500 g) . The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to the ambient temperature and poured into diethyl ether to give precipitates. The precipitates were collected by filtration and dried up in vaσuo to give methyl (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate hydrochloride (676 g) . NMR (DMSO, δ) : 2.01-2.26 (2H, m) , 3.07 (IH, d, J=12.1Hz), 3.37 (IH, dd, J=12.lHz, 4.4Hz), 3.76 (3H, s), 4.12-4.51 (2H, m) , 5.64 (IH, br), 9.92 (2H, br) Preparation 4-2) To a solution of methyl (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2- pyrrolidinecarboxylate hydrochloride (674 g) in dichloromethane (3.5 I ) were added dropwise triethylamine (1.19 I ) and benzyl chlroide (552 ml) at 10-20°C under stirring and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, and the precipitates were removed by filtration. The filtrate was poured into IN sodium hydroxide and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give methyl (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-hydroxy-2- pyrrolidinecarboxylate (663 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.01-2.31 (2H, m) , 2.42-2.49 (2H, ), 3.28-3.45 (2H, m) , 3.53-3.75 (4H, m) , 3.89 (IH, d, J=12.8Hz), 4.44 (IH, br), 7.21-7.40 (5H, m) Preparation 4-3) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-2-methoxycarbonyl- 4-hydroxypyrrolidine (661 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3.3 I ) were added successively imidazole (383 g) and t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (508 g) at 10~20°C with stirring and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was poured into 0.1N hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, water and 10% sodium chloride, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-2-methoxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (964 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (3H, s), 0.01 (3H, s), 0.87 (9H, s), 1.93-2.23 (2H, m) , 2.34 (IH, dd, J=5.2Hz, 9.7Hz), 3.23 (IH, dd, J=5.8Hz, 9.7Hz), 3 . 46-3 .59 ( 2H, m) , 3. 61 ( 3H, s ) , 3 . 87 ( IH, d, J=12. 8Hz ) , 4.33-4.44 ( IH, m) , 7.19-7 . 36 ( 5H Λ m) Preparation 4-4) To a suspension of sodium borohydride (16.2 g) and lithium chloride (18.1 g) in tetrahydrofuran (190 ml) were dropwise added (2S,4R)-l-benzγl-2-methoxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (74.8 g) in tetrahydrofuran (190 ml), and ethanol (750 ml) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled with dry ice-acetone bath and poured into ice-water. The mixture was adjusted to pH 6 with IN hydrochloric acid and stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture was adjusted to pH 9-10 with IN sodium hydroxide, and saturated with sodium chloride. After being extracted with ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran (1:1) three times, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added chloroform. The chloroform layer was again dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyl- 2-hydroxymethyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (70.10 g). Preparation 4-5) To a solution of oxalyl chloride (20.0 ml) in dichloromethane (700 ml) was dropwise added dimethyl sulfoxide (34.0 ml) at -40°C - -50°C with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 minutes. To the solution was dropwise added a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-2-hydroxymethγl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyl¬ oxy)pyrrolidine (70.10 g) in dichloromethane (300 ml) at -40°C - -50°C. After 10 minutes with stirring, triethylamine (151.9 ml) was dropwise added to the solution and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into IN hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, water and brine. The layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. On the other hand, to a suspension of methyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride (62.67 g) in tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) was portionwise added potassium t-butoxide (24.20 g) at 0 - 5°C with stirring and then stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was dropwise added to a solution of the residue obtained above in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml) -at 0 - 5°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (15:1, V/V) to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-2- vinyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (35.10 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02 (3H, s), 0.03 (3H, s), 0.86 (9H, s), 1.84-1.92 (2H, m) , 2.09-2.16 (IH, dd, J=9.7Hz, 5.5Hz), 3.11-3.24 (3H, m) , 4.01 (IH, d, J=13.0Hz), 4.26-4.37 (IH, m) , 5.16 (IH, dd, J=15.7Hz, 1.9Hz), 5.23 (IH, dd, J=22.8Hz, 1.9Hz), 5.64-5.82 (IH, m) , 7.18-7.32 (5H, m) Preparation 4-6) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-2-vinyl-4-(t- butyldimethyIsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (24.03 g) in tetrahydrofuran (120 ml) was added 0.5M solution of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane in tetrahydrofuran (318 ml) at 0 - 5°C with stirring and then stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours. To the reaction mixture were added water (200 ml) and sodium perborate tetrahydrate (87 g) at ambient temperature with stirring vigorously and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 12 hours. The insoluble material was filtered off, and the filtrate was separated. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1, V/V) to give (2R,4R)-l-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (20.89 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01 (3H, s) , 0.03 (3H, s) , 0.89 (9H, ε), 1.45-1.57 (IH, ), 1.78-1.91 (IH, m) , 1.98-2.27 (3H, m) , 3.03 (IH, dd, J=10.3Hz, 5.4Hz), 3.20-3.30 (IH, m) , 3.30 (IH, d, J=12.6Hz), 3.68-3.78 (IH, m) , 3.68-3.77 (IH, m) , 3.94-4.06 (IH, ) , 4.20 (IH, d, J=12.5Hz), 4.27-4.38 (IH, m) , 7.22-7.36 (5H, m) Preparation 4-7) A mixture of (2R,4R)-l-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (20.89 g) and 10% palladium on carbon (50% wet, 8.0 g) in methanol (200 ml) was stirred for 3 hours under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at ambient temperature. After the catalyst was filtered off, the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (80 ml) and water (80 ml). To the solution was dropwise added a solution of allyl chloroformate (7.27 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) with stirring while keeping the pH 8-10 with 6N sodium hydroxide under ice-cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred at the same condition for a half hour. To the resulting mixture was added ethyl acetate and the solution was separated. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1, V/V) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- (2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (18.52 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, s), 0.81 (9H, s), 1.49 (IH, br), 1.66-1.77 (2H, m) , 1.95-2.08 (IH, m) , 3.18 (IH, br), 3.33-3.39 (2H, m) , 3.52-3.58 (2H, m), 4.12 (IH, br), 4.29-4.40 (IH, m) , 4.54 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 5.13-5.30 (2H, m) , 5.79-5.98 (IH, m) Preparation 4-8) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (18.52 g) in a mixture of ethyl acetate (180 ml) and triethylamine (8.62 ml) was dropwise added methanesulfonyl chloride (4.79 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (3:1, V/V) to give (2R,4R)-1- allγloxycarbonyl-2-(2-methanesulfonyloxy)ethyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (17.31 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, s), 0.80 (9H, s), 1.66-1.88 (2H, m) , 1.98-2.08 (IH, m) , 2.18-2.28 (IH, m), 2.96 (3H, s), 3.29-3.46 (2H, m) , 4.00-4.11 (IH, m) , 4.21-4.34 (3H, m) , 4.53 (2H, br), 5.12-5.28 (2H, m) , 5.78-5.94 (IH, ) Preparation 4-9) To a solution of imidazole (1.52 g) in N,N-dimethyl- formamide (70 ml) were added potassium t-butoxide (2.51 g) and a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidine (8.3 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (13 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring, and the.mixture was stirred at about 60°C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled with ice-cooling, and water and ethyl acetate were added thereto. After separation, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (10:0.3, V/V) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-.(imidazol-l ^ yl)ethyl]-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (11.11 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.85 (9H, s), 1.62 (IH, br), 1.82-1.97 (2H, m) , 2.32 (IH, br) , 3.34-3.47 (2H, m) , 4.02 (3H, br) , 4.31-4.35 (IH, m), 4.59-4.62 (2H, ) , 5.20-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.84-6.04 (IH, m) , 6.97 (IH, br) , 7.06 (IH, s) , 7.52 (IH, br) Preparation 4-10) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2- (imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidine (11.11 g) in methanol (110 ml) was added cone, hydrochloric acid (7.32 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. To a reaction solution was added 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (16.89 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the resulting insoluble material was filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. To the residue was added chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give crude (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4- hydroxypyrrolidine (9.19 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.74-1.95 (2H, m) , 2.22 (IH, br) , 2.48 (IH, br), 3.43 (IH, dd, J=4.0Hz, 11.8Hz), 3.70-3.74 (IH, m) , 3.96-4.18 (3H, ) , 4.43 (IH, br), 4.57 (2H, d, J=5.4Hz), 4.79 (2H, br) , 5.19-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.83-6.02 (IH, m) , 7.17 (2H, br), 8.01 (IH, s) Preparation 4-11) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2- (imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxypyrrolidine (9.19 g) in dichloromethane (92 ml) were dropwise added triethylamine (5.79 ml) and methanesulfonyl chloride (3.22 ml) under ice cooling with stirring, and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1, V/V) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]- 4-(methanesulfonyloxy)pyrrolidine (4.24 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.82-2.00 (2H, m) ; 2.43 (2H, br), 3.05 (3H, s), 3.51-3.57 (IH, m) , 4.03 (4H, br) , 4.62 (2H, d, J=4.4Hz) , 5.18-5.37 (3H, ) , 5.85-6.04 (IH, m) , 6.97 (IH, br), 7.06 (IH, s), 7.51 (IH, s) Preparation 4-12) To a solution of potassium t-butoxide (1.80 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (21 ml) was dropwise added thioacetic acid (1.24 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring. The solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- [2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (4.24 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (21 ml) was added the mixture obtained above with stirring at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80-90°C for 1.5 hours. The mixture was cooled with ice-water, and water and ethyl acetate were added to it. After being separated, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (10:0.3, V/V) to give (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-[2- (imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (4.54 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.58 (IH, br) , 1.85-2.03 (IH, m) , 2.26-2.62 (5H, m) , 3.22 (IH, dd, J=4.3Hz, 8.0Hz), 3.80-4.14 (5H, m) , 4.59 (2H, d, J=5.7Hz), 5.21-5.36 (2H, m) , 5.84-6.03 (IH, m) , 6.96 (IH, s), 7.06 (IH, s) , 7.50 (IH, s) Preparation 5-1) (2S,4R)-1-Benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butγldimethγlsilyl¬ oxy)-2-[(Z)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (2.41 g) and (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- [ (E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pγrrolidin (9.54 g) were obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonγl-4-(t- butyldimethyIsilyloxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (20 g) with dimethyl sulfoxide (8.88 ml), oxalyl chloride (5.21 ml) and triethylamine (39.7 ml) in dichloromethane (300 ml), and then (pyridin-4-yl)methyltriphenylphosphonium chloride hydrochloride (26.7 g) and potassium t-butoxide (14.0 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (100 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-1). (E)-form : NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.11 (6H, s), 0.89 (9H, s), - 1.83-1.95 (IH, m), 2.09-2.21 (IH, m) , 3.45-3.70 (2H, m), 4.36-4.62 (2H, m) 5.01-5.26 (2H, m) , 6.30-6.43 (IH, m) , 7.09-7.36 (8H, m) , 8.44-8.55 (2H, m) (Z)-form : NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.85 (9H, s), 1.86 (IH, br), 2.40 (IH, br) , 3.54-3.56 (2H, m) , 4.38-4.41 (IH, m) , 4.93-5.11 (3H, m) , 6.27-6.41 (IH, m), 6.95-7.33 (8H, m) , 8.46-8.55 (2H, m) Preparation 5-2) (2S,4R)-l-Benzyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-[ (E)-2- (pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (7.05 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)-2-[ (E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (9.54 g) with cone, hydrochloric acid (5.44 ml) in methanol (95 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-2). This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 5-3) (2S,4R)-l-Benzyloxγcarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2- [ (E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (6.35 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-[ (E)-2-(pyridin-4-y1)vinyl]pyrrolidine (7.05 g) with triethylamine (3.64 ml) and methanesulfonyl chloride (2.02 ml) in a mixture of ethyl acetate (40 ml) and dichloromethane (40 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.08 (6H, s), 0.92 (9H, s), 2.04-2.19 (IH, m), 2.38 (IH, br), 3.04 (3H, s), 3.68-3.76 (IH, m) , 4.00 (IH, br), 4.70 (IH, br), 5.18-5.27 ( 3H, m) , 6.32 (IH, br ) , 7.15-7.37 ( 8H, * m) , 8.51-8.55 ( 2H, m) Preparation 5-4) 5 (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-[2- (pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.35 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy- 2-[(E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (6.35 g) with 10% palladium on carbon (50% wet) (2.5 g) and cone. 10 hydrochloric acid (2.63 ml) under hydrogen in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and methanol (120 ml), and then allyl chloroformate (1.86 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) and water (15 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-4) . 15 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.75-2.69 (6H, m) , 3.05 (3H, s), 3.53-3.59 (IH, m) , 3.94-4.06 (2H, m) , 4.59-4.62 (2H, m), 5.21-5.36 (3H, m) , 5.84-6.03 (IH, m) , 7.14 (2H, br), 8.50 (2H, d, J=5.9Hz) 20 Preparation 5-5) (2R,4S)-4-Acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2- (pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (4.35 g) was obtained by reacting (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy- 2-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.27 g) with 25 thioacetic acid (1.49 ml) and potassium t-butoxide (2.17 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (52 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-5). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.62-1.76 (2H, m) , 2.35 (3H, s), 2.45-2.63 (4H, m) , 3.19 (IH, dd, J=7.7Hz, 30 11.3Hz), 3.80-4.03 (3H, m) , 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 5.20-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.83-6.02 (IH, m) , 7.15 (2H, br), 8.50 (2H, d, J=5.8Hz) Preparation 6-1) V, Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[ (Z) 2-{1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl)-3-pyridinio}vinyl]- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2. g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{(Z)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)vinyl}pyrrolidin-4 yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicycl [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.80 g) with N,N-dimethyl iodoacetoamide (2.13 g) in substantially the same manner a that of Example 3-1). This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 6-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-2-[ (Z)-2-{l-(N,N-Dimethyl carbamoylmethyl)-3-pyridinio}vinyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (575 mg) was obtaine by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl 2-[ (Z)-2-{1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl)-3-pyridinio}- vinyl]pyrrolidin-4-y1]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methy 7-σxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.51 g) with triphenylphosphine (87 mg) , acetic acid (0.7 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (116 mg) and tri-n-butylthin hydride (3.59 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (25 ml) and ethanol (25 ml) in substantial the same manner as that of Example 4-1). IR (Nujol) : 1730, 1650-1630, 1570 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.3lHz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.34Hz), 1.89-2.05 (IH, m) , 2.78-2.95 (IH, m) , 3.03 (3H, s), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.28-3.55 (3H, m) , 3.71 (IH, dd, J=6.76Hz, J=12.3Hz), 4.00-4.35 (3H m), 4.45-4.60 (IH, m) , 5.77 (2H, s), 6.33 (IH, t J=10.8Hz), 6.99 (IH, d, J=11.5Hz), 8.05-8.20 (IH, m), 8.54 (IH, d, J=8.07Hz), 8.60-8.85 (2H, m) FAB Mass : 501.1 (M + ) Preparation 7-1) (2S,4R)-l-Benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl¬ silyloxy)-2-[(E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (8.02 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl- 4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (6.47 g) with oxalyl chloride (1.62 ml), dimethyl sulfoxide (2.76 ml), triethylamine (12.3 ml) and then successively with 2-picolyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride (8.30 g) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-1) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.64 (6H, s), 0.87 (9H, s) , 1.91-2.15 (2H, m) , 3.35-3.65 (2H, m) , 4.35-5.25 (4H, m), 6.35-6.80 (2H, m) , 7.05-7.35 (7H, m) , 7.63 (IH, dt, J=1.79Hz, J=7.68Hz), 8.55 (IH, broad d, J=4.00Hz) Preparation 7-2) (2S,4R)-l-Benzyloxycarbonyl-4-hγdroxy-2-[(E)-2- (pyridin-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (7.36 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)-2-[(E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinγl]pγrrolidine (8.01 g) with cone, hydrochloric acid (4.56 ml) in methanol (80 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.90-2.35 (2H, m) , 3.55-3.75 (2H, m), 4.40-5.25 (4H, m) , 6.35-6.75 (2H, m) , 7.00-7.45 (7H, m) , 7.61 (IH, dt, J=1.82Hz, J=7.69Hz), 8.52 (IH, broad d, J=3.72Hz) Preparation 7-3) (2S,4R)-l-Benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy- 2-[(E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (6.32 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-[ (E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (7.36 g) with triethylamine (4.11 ml) and methanesulfonyl chloride (1.93 ml) in ethyl acetate (70 ml) in substantially the sam manner as that of Preparation 2-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.10-2.26 (IH, m) , 2.45-2.70 (IH, m), 3.02 (3H, s), 3.73 (IH, dd, J=4.32Hz, J=12.9Hz), 3.90-4.15 (IH, m) , 4.65-5.35 (4H, m) , 6.40-6.75 (2H, m) , 7.00-7.45 (7H, m) , 7.62 (IH, dt, J=1.8lHz, J=7.68Hz), 8.55 (IH, d, J=4.09Hz) Preparation 7-4) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2- [2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.43 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyl- oxy-2-[ (E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (6.31 g) with 10% palladium on carbon (50% wet) (3.0 g) in methanol (120 ml) and then allyloxycarbonyl chloride (2.16 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and water (60 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.15 (2H, m) , 2.20-2.90 (4H, ) , 3.03 (3H, s), 3.45-4.20 (3H, m) , 4.59 (2H, broad d, J=5.43Hz), 5.15-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.80-6.05 (IH, m), 7.05-7.27 (2H, ) , 7.60 (IH, dt, J=1.83Hz, J=7.65Hz), 8.50 (IH, broad d, J=4.20Hz) Preparation 7-5) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-acetylthio-2-[2- (pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (4.41 g) was obtained by reacting (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy- 2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.42 g) with potassiu t-butoxide (2.23 g) and thioacetic acid (1.42 ml) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 2-5). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.60-2.05 (2H, m) , 2.33 (3H, s), 2.30-2.90 (4H, m) , 3.16 (IH, dd, J=8.18Hz, J=11.3Hz), 3.70-4.20 (3H, m) , 4.50-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.70-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.00-7.25 (2H,.m), 7.60 (IH, dt, J=1.82Hz,- J=7.66Hz), 8.51 (IH, d, J=4.13Hz) Preparation 8-1) To a solution of oxalyl chloride (1.75 ml) in dichloromethane (70 ml) was dropwise added dimethyl sulfoxide (2.99 ml) at -40 50°C with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 minutes. To the solution was added dropwise a solution of (2S,4R)- l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyϊdimethylsilyloxy)-2- (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (7 g) in dichloromethane (35 ml) at -40 - -50°C. After 10 minutes with stirring, triethylamine (13.3 ml) was added dropwise to the solution and then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. The insoluble material was filtered off and th filtrate was washed successively with IN hydrochloric acid, water, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. On the other hand, to a solution of (1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methyl triphenyl phosphonium chlorid hydrochloride (8.28 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) and dimethyl sulfoxide (40 ml) was added portionwise potassium t-butoxide (4.30 g) at 0-5°C with stirring and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was dropwise added to a solution of the residue obtained above in tetrahydrofuran (70 ml) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and then washed with successively with IN hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate an evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (250 g) eluting with a mixtu of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:2, V/V). * The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-1- benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-[2-(1- methylimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (11.98 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.06 (6H, s) , 0.87 (9H, s), 1.88-2.04 (IH, m), 2.45-2.65 (IH, m) , 3.25-3.70 (4H, m), 4.40-4.50 (IH, m) , 4.55-4.73 (IH, ) , 5.0-5.20 (2H, m), 6.40-6.65 (2H, m) , 6.79 (IH, s) 7.00 (IH, s), 7.10-7.35 (5H, m) Preparation 8-2) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldi ethylsilyloxy)-2-[2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]- pyrrolidine (11.97 g) in methanol (80 ml) was added cone. hydrochloric acid (4.79 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at the same temperature. To the reaction mixture was added 28 sodium methoxide-methanol solution (11.4 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the resulting insoluble material was filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed o silica gel (200 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform an methanol (9:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-[2-(1- methylimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (5.47 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.93-2.05 (IH, m) , 2.06-2.30 (IH, m), 3.25 (IH, s), 3.59 (3H, m) , 4.46 (IH, broad s), 4.50-4.70 (IH, m) , 4.90-5.10 (2H, m) , 5. 95-6.55 ( 2H, m) , 6 .77 ( IH, s) , 6 . 95 ( IH, s) , 7.10-7 .35 ( 5H, m) Preparation 8-3) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-[2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]pyrrolidine (5.45 g) in a mixture of ethyl acetate (60 ml) and trimethylamine (3.01 ml) was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (1.42 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added ethyl acetate (100 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl- 4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-[2-(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]- pyrrolidine (5.70 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.09-2.23 (IH, m) , 2.45-2.70 (IH, m), 3.02 (3H, s), 3.31-3.65 (3H, m) , 3.65-4.15 (2H, m), 4.60-4.80 (IH, m) , 4.95-5.30 (3H, m) , 6.10-6.60 (2H, m) , 6.81 (IH, s), 7.00 (IH, s) , 7.10-7.40 (5H, m) Preparation 8-4) A solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- methanesulfonyloxy-2-[2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]- pyrrolidine (5.70 g) , cone, hydrochloric acid (2.34 ml) and 10% palladium on carbon (50% wet) (3.0 g) in methanol (120 ml) was stirred under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and water (60 ml). To solution wa added dropwise a solution of allyloxycarbonyl chloride (1. ml) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) keeping the pH 8-10 with 4N sodium hydroxide under ice-cooling and then the mixture wa stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 ml) and then t solution was washed twice with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- [2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)ethyl]-4-methanesulfonyloxy- pyrrolidine (5.69 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.10 (2H, m) , 2.20-2.75 (4H, m), 3.03 (3H, s), 3.48 (4H, broad s), 3.85-4.20 (2H, m), 4.55-4.65 (2H, m) , 5.17-5.35 (3H, m) , 5.82-6.89 (IH, m) , 6.79 (IH, s), 6.89 (IH, s) Preparation 8-5) To a solution of potassium t-butoxide (2.32 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (25 ml) was added dropwise thioaceti acid (1.48 ml) with stirring at -10 - -5°C and the mixture was stirred at -5 - 0°C for 10 minutes. To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(1-methyl- imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (5.69 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (55 ml) was added the mixture obtained above with stirring at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80-90°C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (100 ml) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (100 ml). The extract was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over _ anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo, the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V) . The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give • (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(1- methylimidazol-2-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (3.20 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.64-1.80 (IH, m) , 1.86-2.05 (IH, m), 2.33 (3H, s), 2.45-2.80 (4H, m) , 3.70 (3H, s), 3.80-4.20 (3H, m) , 4.56 (2H, d, J=5.51Hz), 5.15-5.33 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.01 (IH, ) , 6.79 (IH, d, J=1.23Hz), 6.90 (IH, d, J=1.23Hz) Preparation 9-1) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl¬ silyloxy)-2-methoxycarbonylpyrrolidine (20 g) in toluene (100 ml) was added dropwise diisobutyl aluminum hydride (1.02 M solution in toluene) (112 ml) with stirring at a temperature kept below -60°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise ethanol (20.1 ml) with stirring at a temperature kept below -60°C. After stirring for 30 minutes at the same temperature, 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was carefully added. This solution was stirred without further cooling until the temperature reached 20°C (ca. 1.5 hours). The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 10 minutes. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (100 ml), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a solution of (2R,4S)-l-benzyl-2-formyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrr¬ olidine (ca. 40 ml) in toluene. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 9-2) To a suspension of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (1.07 g) was portionwise added potassium t-butoxide (337 m with stirring under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred ambient temperature for 2 hours. To the solution cooled o ice-bath was added dropwise (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-2-formyl-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (0.92 g) in toluene ( ml) and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature fo 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of water (10 ml) and ethyl acetate (20 ml). The organic laye was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. To the residue was added n-hexane (30 ml). The resulting precipitates were filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. Th resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (1 g) eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (5:1 v/v) . The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-1-benzyl-2-vinyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrro- lidine (765 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 0.02 (3H, ε), 0.03 (3H, s), 0.86 (9H, s), 1.84-1.92 (2H, ) , 2.09-2.16 (IH, dd, J=9.7Hz, 5.5Hz), 3.11-3.24 (3H, m) , 4.01 (IH, d, J=13.0Hz), 4.26-4.37 (IH, m) , 5.16 (IH, dd, J=15.7Hz, 1.9Hz), 5.23 (IH, m) , 5.64-5.82 (IH, m) 7.18-7.32 (5H, m) Preparation 10-1) A solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyl- dimethylsilyloxy)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine (5.0 g) an cone, hydrochloric acid (2.53 ml) in methanol (25 ml) was εtirred under ice-cooling for 10 minuteε and then stirred ambient temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture cooled at 0°C was added 28% εodium methoxide in methanol εolution (5.84 ml). The reεulting precipitates were filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 ml) and the solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was washed with n-hexane and dried in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxγ-2-(2- hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine (3.10 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.60-1.75 (2H, m) , 1.77-1.95 (IH, m), 2.05-2.30 (IH, m) , 2.65-2.95 (IH, m) , 3.35-3.75 (4H, ) , 3.85-4.10 (IH, m) , 4.15-4.50 (2H, m), 4.60 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.84-6.04 (IH, m) Preparation 10-2) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy- 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine (8.28 g) and triethylamine (11.3 ml) in dichloromethane (46 ml) was dropwiεe added methaneεulfonyl chloride (6.26 ml) with εtirring under ice-cooling and the mixture waε εtirred at the εame temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture waε added water (40 ml). The organic layer was separated, washed in turn with IN hydrochloric acid, εaturated aqueouε sodium bicarbonate and 10% aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-(2-meth- anesulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (10.32 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.80-2.70 (4H, m) , 3.04 (3H, s), 3.05 (3H, s), 3.45-3.70 (IH, m) , 3.90-4.45 (4H, m), 4.55-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.80-6.05 (IH, ) Preparation 10-3) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- methaneεulfonyloxy-2-(2-methaneεulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (5.35 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (54 ml) were added imidazole (1.18 g) and potassium t-butoxide (1.78 g) with stirring under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at 40-45°C for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into water (100 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (80 ml). The extract was washed in turn with water (50 ml) and 10% aqueous sodium chloride (50 ml), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4- methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine. Thiε compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 11-1) To a suspension of sodium hydride (60% in oil, 1.11 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) was added 4-formγlpiperazin-2-one (3.56 g) under ice cooling with stirring, and the mixture was ambient temperature for 1 hour. To the mixture was added (2S,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-2-methaneεulfonyloxymethyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- εilyloxypyrrolidine (9.94 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) under ice cooling with stirring, and the mixture was stirred at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled with ice-cooling, and water and ethyl acetate were added to it. The organic laye was separated washed with brine, dried over anhydrouε magneεium εulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The reεulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (30:1 v/v) to giv (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-formyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)- methylpyrrolidine (11.74 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 0.00 (6H, s) , 0.80 (9H, s), 1.82-1.91 (2H, m), 3.37-3.74 (8H, m) , 3.98-4.38 (4H, m) , 4.50-4.52 (2H, m) , 5.12-5.28 (2H, m) , 5.77-5.93 (IH, m) , 8.03 (IH, s) Preparation 11-2) To a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(4-formyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)- methylpyrrolidine (11.74 g) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) was added n-tetrabutylammonium fluoride under ice cooing with stirring, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. Water was added to the-mixture, and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo. Ethanol was added to the residue, and the mixture was stirred at 60°C for 20 minutes. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture fo chloroform and methanol (9:1 v/v) to give (2S,4R)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4-formyl-2-oxo- piperazin-1-yl)methyl-4-hγdroxypγrrolidine (11.38 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.99-2.04 (2H, m) , 3.32-3.77 (7H, m), 4.03-4.28 (3H, m) , 4.56 (4H, m) , 5.19-5.34 (3H, m), 5.86-6.00 (IH, ) , 8.09 (IH, ε) Preparation 11-3) To a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-allγloxγcarbonyl-2-(4- formyl-2-oxopiperazin-1-yl)methyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine (11.38 g) in ethyl acetate (110 ml) were added triethylamine (5.6 ml) and methaneεulfonyl chloride (3.11 ml) under ice-cooling with εtirring, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the mixture was added water and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added tetrahydrofuran, and the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 20 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrae was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and evaporated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(4-formyl-2- oxopiperazin-1-yl)methyl-4-(methanesulfonyloxy)pyrrolidine (14.2 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.58-1.66 (2H, m) , 2.19 (IH, m) , 2.40 (IH, m), 3.07 (3H, s), 3.09-3.97 (7H, m) , 4.05-4.49 (2H, m) , 4.90-4.95 (2H, m) , 5.22-5.83 (3H, m), 5.83-5.94 (IH, m) , 8.10 (IH, d, J=2.3Hz) Preparation 11-4) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4- formγl-2-oxopiperazin-l-γl)methyl-4-(methanesulfonyloxy)- pyrrolidine (14.2 g) in methanol (60 ml) was added cone, hydrochloric acid (12.2 ml) under ice cooling with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 hours. The mixture was cooled to 5°C and 28% sodium methoxidemethanol solution (28.2 ml) was added to it. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added chloroform. The mixture was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated i vacuo to give (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methyl- 4-(methanesulfonyloxy)pyrrolidine (6.54 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.61-1.69 (2H, m) , 2.30-2.32 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, s), 3.08-3.69 (7H, m) , 3.89-3.95 (IH, m), 4.24-4.30 (IH, m) , 4.59-4.61 (2H, m) , 5.22-5.35 (3H, m) , 5.89-5.95 (IH, m) Preparation 11-5) To a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-(2-oxo- piperazin-l-yl)methyl-4-(methaneεulfonyloxy)pyrrolidine (6.37 g) in dichloromethane (60 ml) were added N,N-diiεopropyl-N-ethylamine (3.38 ml) and methyl iodide (1.64 ml) under ice cooling with εtirring, and the mixture waε allowed to εtay in a refrigeration for 12 hourε. The mixture waε evaporated in vacuo. The reεidue waε purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol and iεopropylamine (10:1:0.3 v/v/v) to give (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-oxo-4- ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl-4-(methanesulfonyloxy)- pyrrolidine (3.19 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 2.19-2.34 (5H, m) , 2.66 (2H, m) , 3.03 (3H, ε), 3.12 (2H, ε) , 3.37-3.95 (6H, m) , 4.24 (IH, m), 4.59-4.62 (2H, m) , 5.21-5.35 (3H, m), 5.87-6.00 (IH, m) Preparation 11-6) To a solution of pottasium t-butoxide (1.24 g) in N,N-dimethγlformamide (15 ml) waε dropwise added thioacetic acid (0.85 ml) under ice cooling iwth stirring. The mixtue was stirred at the εame temperature for 30 minuteε. To the εolution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl- 2-(2-oxo-4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl-4-(methane- εulfonyloxy)pyrrolidine (3.19 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (15 ml) was added the mixture obtained above at ambient temperature with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 80-90°C for 1.5 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was waεhed with brine, dried over anhydrouε magneεium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (20:1 v/v) to give (2S,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-oxo-4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)methylpyrrolidine (3.24 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.85-2.01 (IH, m) , 2.33 (3H, s), 2.43 (3H, s) , 2.43-2.54 (IH, m) , 2.65 (2H, m) , 3.13-3.48 (6H, m) , 3.84 (2H, m) , 4.12 (2H, m) , 4.60 (2H, m), 5.20-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.84-6.00 (IH, m) Preparation 12-1) (2S,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4-allyloxycarbonyl-2- oxopiperazin-1-yl)methyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidine (0.77 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- -methaneεulfonyloxy)methylpyrrolidine (1.0 g) with 4-allyloxycarbonyl-2-oxopiperazine (515 mg) and εodium hydride (60% in oil, 112 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (12 ml) in subεtantially the same manner as that of Preparatio 11-1). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 0.01 (6H, ε), 0.80 (9H, s), 1.88 (2H, t, J=5.6Hz), 3.36-3.40 (4H, m) , 3.54-3.67 (4H, m), 4.04-4.16 (3H, ) , 4.34-4.37 (IH, m) , 4.51-4.58 (4H, ) , 5.13-5.31 (4H, m) , 5.78-5.95 (2H, ) Preparation 12-2) (2S ,4R)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4-allyloxycarbonyl-2- oxopiperazin-l-yl)methyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine (3.01 g) was obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4- allyloxycarbonyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methyl-4-(t-butγl- dimethylsilyloxypyrrolidine (3.95 g) and cone, hydrochlori acid (0.82 ml) in methanol (40 ml) in substantially the sa manner as that of Preparation 11-2). This compound waε immediately uεed as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 12-3 ) ( 2S , 4R) -1 -Allyloxycarbonyl- 2- ( 4 -allyloxycarbonyl- 2 - oxopiperazin-1-yl ) methyl- 4- (me thaneεulf onyloxy )pyrrolidine ( 3.63 g) waε obtained by reacing ( 2S , 4R) -l-allyloxy- carbonyl-2- ( 4-allyloxycarbonyl-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl ) - methyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine (3.01 g) with methanesulfonyl chloride (0.76 ml) and triethylamine (1.49 ml) in ethyl acetate (40 ml) in εubεtantially the εa e manner aε that o Preparation 11-3). Thiε compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Preparation 12-4) (2S,4S)-4-Acetylthio-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-(4-allyloxy carbonyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidine (2.41 g) wa obtained by reacting (2S,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(4- allyloxycarbonγl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methyl-4-(methane¬ sulfonyloxy)pyrrolidine (3.63 g) with thioacetic acid (0.82 ml) and sodium hydride (60% in oil, 0.42 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (36 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 11-6) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.84-1.95 (IH, m) , 2.34 (3H, s), 2.47-2.54 (IH, m) , 3.24 (IH, dd, J=6.9Hz, 11.4Hz), 3.47-4.17 (11H, m) , 4.56-4.64 (4H, m) , 5.21-5.37 (4H, m) , 5.86-6.01 (4H, m) Preparation 13-1) To a solution of 2-bromopyridine (21.9 g) in tetrahydrofuran (310 ml) was added dropwiεe n-butyl lithium (1.65N) in hexane (78 ml) under -60°C. After εtirring for 15 minuteε, (2S,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-formylpyrrolidine (31 g) was added dropwise under -60°C. After stirring for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted three timeε with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer waε waεhed with water and brine, dried over magneεium εulfate and evaporated under reduced preεεure. The residue waε column chromatographed on εilica gel to give 1-{(2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- εilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyridin-2-yl)methanol (13.3 g ) . IR (Neat) : 3400, 1690, 1590, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.05 (6H, ε) , 0.85 (9H, s), 1.50-2.20 (2H, m) , 3.40-3.60 (2H, m) , 4.32-4.45 (IH, m), 4.50-4.70 (3H, m) , 5.20-5.45 (3H, m) , 5.86-6.03 (IH, m) , 7.18-7.42 (2H, m) , 7.66-7.74 (IH, m), 8.50-8.60 (IH, m) Preparation 13-2) To a solution of l-{(2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyridin-2- yDmethanol (19.82 g) and triphenylphosphine (21.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (400 ml) at room temperature was added portionwise tetrabromomethane (25.1 g) . The reaction mixture was stirred for two hours and stood for overnight. After filtration, the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. To a solution of the residue in dimethylformamide (200 ml) and acetic acid (60 ml) was added portionwise zinc dust (16.5 g) under 30°C. After the addition, the mixture waε εtirred for one hour at room temperature, then neutralized with sodium bicarbonate (84 g) in water and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-l-4-t- butyldimethylεilyloxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (17.7 g). IR (Neat) : 1745, 1680, 1580, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, ε), 0.83 (9H, ε), 1.60-2.20 (3H, m) , 2.83-3.10 (IH, m) , 3.10-3.60 (2H, ), 4.00-4.10 (IH, m) , 4.10-4.48 (IH, m) , 4.48-4.78 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.08 (IH, m), 7.00-7.40 (2H, m) , 7.50-7.90 (IH, m) , 8.48-8.72 (IH, m) Preparation 13-3) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylεilyloxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (4.88 g) in acetonitrile (50 ml) waε added dropwise cone. hydrochloric acid (3.3 ml) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was εtirred for 5 hourε, then neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was εeparated, waεhed with brine, dried over magneεium εulfate and evaporated under reduced preεsure to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl- 4-hydroxγ-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (2.46 g) . On the other hand the aqueouε layer waε extracted five times with chloroform. The combined chloroform layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced preεεure to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (0.23 g) . IR (Neat) : 3350, 1670, 1590, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.20 (2H, m) , 2.91 (IH, dd, J=8.7 and 12.9Hz), 3.35 (IH, dd, J=4.6 and 11.7Hz), 3.20-3.70 (2H, m) , 4.20-4.53 (2H, m) , 4.53-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) , 7.00-7.33 (2H, m) , 7.50-7.80 (IH, m) , 8.40-8.60 (IH, m) Preparation 13-4) To a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (1.0 g), thiobenzoic acid (973 μl) and triphenylphoεphine (1.30 g) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) was added dropwise diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.2 ml) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with water (twice) and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed on silica gel to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(2- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (1.34 g) . IR (Neat) : 1680, 1660, 1580, 1400 cm 1 Preparation 14-1) 1-{(2S,4R)-l-Allγloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- εilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyridin-3-yl)methanol was obtained in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Preparation 13-1) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.83 (9H, s), 1.5-2.1 (3H, m), 3.3-3.7 (2H, m) , 4.0-4.5 (2H, m) , 4.5-4.8 (2H, m), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.2 (IH, m), 7.2-7.4 (IH, m) , 7.6-7.9 (IH, m) , 8.5-8.7 (2H, m) Preparation 14-2) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylεilγloxy- 2-(3-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 13-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, s), 0.84 (9H, s), 1.7-2.2 (2H, m), 2.7-3.6 (4H, m) , 4.0-4.4 (2H, m) , 4.6-4.8 (2H, m), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.9-6.1 (IH, m), 7.2-7.4 (IH, m) , 7.4-7.6 (IH, m) , 8.4-8.7 (2H, m) Preparation 14-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridyl- methyl)pyrrolidine was obtained in subεtantially the εame manner as that of Preparation 13-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.7-2.1 (2H, m) , 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.1-3.4 (3H, m), 4.2-4.3 (2H, m) , 4.5-4.7 (2H, m), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.2-7.4 (IH, m), 7.4-7.6 (IH, m) , 8.3-8.6 (2H, m) Preparation 14-4) (2R,4S)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(3- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 13-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.7.1.9 (2H, m) , 2.2-3.0 (2H, m) , 3.2-3.4 (2H, m), 4.0-4.2 (2H, m) , 4.6-4.7 (2H, m), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.9-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.2-7.8 (6H, m), 7.9-8.0 (2H, ) , 8.4-8.5 (2H, m) Preparation 15-1) A εolution of 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride (18.57 g) in ethyl ether (50 ml) and water (50 ml) waε neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate in water (50 ml). After stirring for 10 minutes, the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl ether. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue. To a solution of the residue in ethyl ether (300 ml) was added n-butyllithium (1.68N solution in n-hexane) (63 ml) under -60°C. After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at -78°C. Then (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-formylpyrrolidine (30.52 g) was added dropwise to the mixture under -60°C. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 30 minutes and then warmed to room temperature. The raction mixture was quenched with water and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate: -hexane = 3:7 to 1:1) to give l-{(2S,4R)-l-benzγl-4-(t-butyl¬ dimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-( -pyridyl)methanol (14.68 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , 6 ) : 0.00-0.07 (6H, m) , 0.85 (4.5H, s) , 0.91 (4.5H, s), 1.2-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.0-2.1 (IH, m), 2.4-2.6 (IH, m) , 3.0-4.8 (6H, m) , 7.1-7.4 (7H, m), 8.5-8.6 (2H, m) Preparation 15-2) To a solution of l-{(2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t- butyldimethylεilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(4-pyridyl)- methanol (32.73 g) in ethanol (300 ml) waε added acetic acid (9.4 ml) and palladium hydroxide on carbon (10 g) . The mixture waε εtirred vigorouεly under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for 6 hours. The palladium catalyεt waε removed by filtration and waεhed with ethanol. The combined organic layer waε evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue. To a solution of the residue in water (300 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (300 ml) was added dropwise allyl chloroformate (9.6 ml) under pH 9 - 10 at 0°C. After stirring the mixture at 0°C for 1 hour, the reaction mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced presεure. The reεidue waε column chromatographed on εilica gel (eluting with ethyl acetate:n-hexane = 7:3) to give l-{ (2S,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(4-pyridyl)- methanol (21.74 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, m) , 0.82 (9H, s), 1.4-2.0 (3H, m), 3.0-3.7 (2H, m) , 4.0-4.4 (2H, m) , 4.5-4.8 (2H, m), 5.1-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.2-7.4 (2H, m) , 8.5-8.6 (2H, m) Preparation 15-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxγcarbonγl-4-(t-butyldimethyl¬ silyloxy)-2-(4-pγridylmethyl)pyrrolidine was obtained in 89% yield in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 13-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, s), 0.83 (9H, ε), 1.6-2.0 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.0-3.5 (3H, m) , 4.1-4.4 (2H, m), 4.6-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (2H, m), 5.8-6.1 (IH, m), 7.0-7.2 (2H, m) , 8.5-8.6 (2H, ) Preparation 15-4) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-(4- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine waε obtained in 68% yield in εubstantially the same manner as that of Preparation 13-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.6-1.9 (2H, m) , 2.3-2.6 (IH, m) , 2.77 (IH, dd, J=12.7Hz, 8.8Hz), 3.0-3.3 (IH, m) , 3.33 (IH, dd, J=11.9Hz, 4.3Hz), 3.4-3.7 (IH, m) , 4.1-4.4 (2H, m), 4.5-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (2H, m), 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.0-7.1 (2H, m) , 8.48 (2H, d, J=6.0Hz) Preparation 15-5) (2R,4S)-l-Allγloxγcarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(4- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine waε obtained quantitatively in εubεtantially the εame manner aε that of Preparation 13-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.6-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.2-2.6 (IH, m) , 2.80 (IH, dd, J=13.0Hz, 9.6Hz), 3.2-3.6 (2H, m) , 4.0-4.3 (3H, m) , 4.6-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.2-5.4 (2H, m), 5.8-6.1 (IH, m), 7.0-7.1 (2H, m) , 7.5-8.0 (5H, ), 8.4-8.6 (2H, m) Preparation 16-1) To a solution of N-methylimidazole (84.0 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (1.25 I ) waε added dropwiεe n-butyllithium (1.56N, 500 ml and 1.60N, 120 ml) in hexane keeping the temperature below -65°C. After εtirring for 30 minutes, to the mixture was added dropwise a solution of (2S,4R)-1- benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-formylpyrrolidine (259 g) in THF (1.25 I ) at -65 60°C for 30 minutes. The mixture was stirred at -60 - 0°C for 1.5 hours and at 0-5°C for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of cold water (5 I) and ethyl acetate (5 I ) . The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced presεure. To the residue was added ethyl acetate (180 ml) and n-hexane (620 ml). The precipitate was collected by filtration to give iεomer A of 1-{(4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxy)pyrrolidin- 2-yl}-l-[l-methylimidazol-2-yl]methanol (480 g) . The filtrate waε evaporated in vacuo. The reεidue waε chromatographed on silica gel (2.6 kg, eluent; AcOEt:n-hexan = 3:2 to 10:0), and the eluate was evaporated to give isomer B of the same (147.4 g) containing 17% of isomer A, as a solid. Isomer B : NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01, 0.02 (total 6H, each s), 0.86 (9H, s), 1.84-2.04 (2H, m) , 2.57 (IH, dd, J=3.3Hz, 7.8Hz), 2.97 (IH, dd, J=4.7Hz, 6.4Hz), 3.66 (3H, s), 3.80 and 4.10 (2H, ABq, J=13.0Hz), 3.81-3.91 (IH, ), 4.18-4.25 (IH,- m) , 4.41 (IH, d, J=5.6Hz), 6.79 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.93 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 7.20-7.30 (5H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 402 (MH + ) Isomer A : NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02, 0.03 (6H, s), 0.85 (9H, s) , 2.17-2.31 (IH, m) , 1.89-2.03 (IH, m) , 2.42 (IH, dd, J=6.3Hz, 9.6Hz), 3.13 (IH, dd, J=5.4Hz, 9.6Hz), 3.44-3.51 (2H, m) , 3.57 and 3.88 (2H, ABq, J=13.1Hz), 3.67 (3H, s), 4.22-4.34 (IH, m) , 4.70 (IH, d, J=3.6Hz), 6.79 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.96 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 7.22-7.37 (5H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 402 (MH + ) Preparation 16-2) To a solution of isomer B obtained in Preparation 16-1) (55.0 g) in dichloromethane (1.1 £) was added dropwise thionyl chloride (11.0 ml) at -10 - -7°C for 20 minutes with stirring. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 20 minutes and at -7 - 5°C for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise thiophenol (15.4 ml) at 3~6°C for 5 minutes, and the mixture was εtirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added triethylamine (9.53 ml x 2) at 3 ~ 6°C. After stirring for 30 minutes, water (500 ml) waε added to the reaction mixture. The separatd organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel column (2 kg, eluent; CHCl 3 :MeOH = 50:1 to 30:1), and evaporated to give as an amorphous solid, isomer B of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-{l-(1- methylimidazol-2-yl)-1-(phenylthio)methyl}pyrrolidine (48.6 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02, 0.05 (total 6H, each s), 0.87 (9H, s), 2.15-2.44 (3H, m) , 3.03 (IH, dd, J=4.8Hz, 10.1Hz), 3.25 (3H, s), 3.55 and 3.71 (2H, ABq, J=13.1Hz), 4.23 (IH, d, J=6.5Hz), 4.29-4.40 (IH, m) , 6.61 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.96 (IH, J=1.2Hz), 7.06-7.32 (10H, m) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 494 (MH + ) Preparation 16-3) To a εuspenεion of Raney nickel (NDT-90, 710 ml) and acetone (300 ml) waε added isomer B obtained in Preparation 16-2) (47.8 g) in acetone (500 ml) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was stirred and heated under reflux for 1.5 hours. After cooling, the Raney nickel was removed by filtration, and waεhed with acetone (500 ml x 5). The filtrate and the washings were combined and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (1.2 kg, eluent; CHCl g :MeOH = 30:1), and evaporated to give (2R,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-{(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)methyl}- pyrrolidine (23.8 g) as an oil. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00, 0.09 (total 9H, each s), 0.86 (9H, ε), 1.88-1.95 (2H, m) , 2.28 (IH, dd, J=5.7Hz, 9.8Hz), 2.68 (IH, dd, J=8.4Hz, 14.6Hz), 2.94 (IH, dd, J=4.8Hz, 14.6Hz), 3.13 (IH, dd, J=5.7Hz, 9.8Hz), 3.21-3.36 (IH, m) , 3.44 and 3.92 (2H, ABq, J=13.1Hz), 3.55 (3H, ε), 4.25-4.34 (IH, m) , 6.77 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.94 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 7.21-7.33 (5H, m) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 386 (MH + ) Preparation 16-4) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)-2-{(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)methyl}pyrrolidine (23.7 g) in methanol (240 ml) was added ammonium formate (15.5 g) and 10% palladium on carbon (Pd-C) (wet, 7.1 g) . The mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours. After cooling, the 10% Pd-C waε removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated. To the residue was added dichloromethane (300 ml) and precipitated excess ammonium formate was filtered off. The filtrate waε evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-4-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxy)-2-{(1-methylimidazol- 2-γl)methyl}pyrrolidin formate (20.1 g) aε an oil. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01 (6H, s), 0.81 (9H, s), 1.96-2.03 (2H, m) , 2.99-3.11 (2H, m) , 3.32 (IH, dd, J=8.0Hz, 16.2Hz), 3.50-3.63 (IH, m) , 3.57 (3H, s), 4.18-4.29 (IH, ) , 4.50-4.51 (IH, m) , 6.76 (IH, d, J=1.3Hz), 6.82 (IH, d, J=1.3Hz), 8.40 (IH, s), 8.90 (2H, br s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 296 (MH + -HCOOH) Preparation 16-5) To a solution of (2R,4R)-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- 2-{ (l-methylimidazol-2-γl)methγl}pyrrolidmeformate (20.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (300 ml) and water (200 ml) was added dropwise a εolution of allyl chloroformate (7.45 ml) in THF (20 ml), adjusting pH to 9.0 - 9.5 with 5N-aqueous εodiu hydroxide εolution, at -3 - 1°C over 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 50 minuteε. To the reaction mixture waε added ethyl acetate (600 ml) and ice water (400 ml). The organic layer waε εeparated and the aqueouε layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- (t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-{(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)- methγl}pyrrolidine (20.5 g) as an oil. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02 (6H, s), 0.83 (9H, s), 1.84-1.97 (IH, m) , 2.18-2.30 (IH, m) , 2.84 (IH, dd, J=8.8Hz, 14.3Hz), 3.30-3.36 (2H, m) , 3.65 (3H, s), 4.10-4.23 (2H, m) , 4.62 (2H, m) , 5.19-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.10 (IH,- m) , 6.80 (IH, s), 6.91 (IH, s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 380 (MH + ) Preparation 16-6) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-{(1-methyl- imidazol-2-γl)methyl}pyrrolidine (12.0 g) was obtained in 84.2% yield by the similar procedure as Preparation 13-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.00-2.06 (IH, m) , 2.23-2.32 (IH, m) , 2.70-2.82 (IH, m) , 3.15-3.58 (3H, ) , 3.68 (3H, s), 4.18 (IH, m), 4.43-4.48 (IH, m) , 4.60-4.63 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.36 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.05 (IH, m), 6.80 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.87 (IH, d, J=l.2Hz) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 266 (MH + ) Preparation 16-7) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-{(1- methylimidazol-2-yl)methγl}pyrrolidine (2.0 g) was obtained in 68.8% yield by the similar procedure as Preparation 13-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.10-2.39 (IH, ) , 2.42-2.73 (IH, m), 2.92 (IH, dd, J=10.1Hz, 15.6Hz), 3.32 (IH, dd, J=6.3Hz, 10.8Hz), 3.36-3.70 (2H, m) , 3.68 (3H, s), 4.03-4.38 (3H, m) , 4.57-4.71 (2H, m) , 5.21-5.37 (2H, m) , 5.86-5.97 (IH, m) , 6.81 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.93 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz) ' , 7.40-7.69 (5H, m) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 386 (MH + ) Preparation 17-1) To a stirred mixture of bromine (50.2 ml) in dichloromethane (1 I) and anhydrouε εodium carbonate (206.8 g) waε added a εolution of N-methylpyrazole (80 g) in dichloromethane (100 ml) at 0 ~ 5°C. After εtirring for 1 hour at the εame temperature, the mixture was stirred for a further one hour at room temperature and then ice cooled. To the reaction mixture, water (1 5L) was added. The dichloromethane layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue waε diεtilled in vacuo to afford 4-bromo-l-methylpyrazole (150.6 g) . bp : 82°C (20 mmHg) IR (Neat) : 3100, 2930 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 3.89 (3H, s), 7.38 (IH, s) , 7.44 (IH, ε) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 161, 163 (MH + ) Preparation 17-2) To a solution of 4-bromo-l-methylpγrazole (170.7 g) in diethyl ether (2 I) was added dropwise n-butyllithium (1.6N) in hexane (713 ml) keeping the temperature below -60°C. After stirring for 45 minutes, a solution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- formylpyrrolidine (260 g) in diethyl ether (200 ml) was added dropwise. After εtirring for 30 minuteε, the mixture waε warmed to 0 - 5°C over 2.5 hourε and stirred for 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice water (1 l) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (x 2), and the combined organic layer was waεhed with water and brine, dreid over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced presεure. The reεidue waε column chromatographed on silica gel (3.5 kg, eluting with n-hexane:AcOEt = 3:2 to 1:1 to 0:1) to give (2S,4R)-l-{l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)pγrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(l-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)- methanol (211.2 g) aε a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 2400-3500 (br) cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 (total 6H, each s), 0.85, 0.89 (total 9H, each ε), 1.46-1.62, 1.80-2.13 (total 2H, m) , 2.41 (dd, J=9.7Hz, 5.6Hz) , η - 2.52 (dd, J=10.2Hz, 3.5HZ) * o a± ti ' 3.00 (dd, J=11.0Hz, 4.7Hz) 3.12-3.25 (m) } total 2H, 3.27-3.38 (m) 3.54 (d, J=13.0Hz) 3.72 (d, J=13.1Hz) , 3.91 (d, J=13.1Hz) } t0tal ZΆ ' 4.11 (d, J=13.0Hz) 3.88, 3.95 (total 3H, each ε), 4.15-4.35 (total IH, m), 4.41 (d, J=5.4Hz) , , - 4.85 (d, J=2.7Hz) J t o t ax ti , 7.23-7.40 (total 6H, m) , 7.41, 7.45 (total IH, each ε) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 402 (MH + ) Preparation 17-3) To a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-{l-benzyl-4-(t-butyl- dimethylεilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(l-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)- methanol (70 g) in methanol (700 ml) waε added ammonium formate (44 g) and 10% Pd-C (wet, 20 g) . The mixture waε refluxed for 40 minuteε, then cooled. After filtration of Pd-C, the solvent was evaporated. To the residue was adde chloroform (500 ml) and precipitated excess ammonium forma was filtered off with celite. The filtrate was concentrat under reduced pressue. The reεidue waε dissolved in tetrahydrofuran-water (1:1, 1 I ) and a solution of allyl chloroformate (22.3 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) was add thereto, while adjusting pH to 8.5 - 10 with 4N-sodium hydroxide solution at 0 ~ 5°C. The mixture was stirred fo 30 minutes at the same temperature. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (x 2). The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporat under reduced presεure to give l-{(2S,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylεϋyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(1- methylpyrazol-4-yl)methanol (66.2 g) . IR (Neat) : 3300, 1670, 1400, 1100 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01, 0.02 (total 6H, each ε), 0.83 0.84 (total 9H, each s), 1.50-2.00 (3H, m) , 3.08-3.70 (2H, m) , 3.87, 3.88 (total 3H, each s), 4.10-4.50 (2H, m) , 4.58-4.70 (2H, m) , 4.72-5.00 (IH, m), 5.19-5.45 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.05 (IH, m) , 7.26, 7.37, 7.41 (total 2H, each ε) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 396 (MH + ) , 378 (MH + -H 2 0) Preparation 17-4) To an ice-cooled εolution of l-{(2S,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(l- ethylpyrazol-4-yl)methanol (71.2 g) in dichloromethane (700 ml) were added pyridine (54 ml) and phenyl chlorothioformate (34.3 g) . The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature, then εtirred for 3 hourε at room temperature. Dichloromethane was evaporated and the residue was poured into saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over magneεium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed o silica gel (2 kg, eluting with n-hexane : ethyl acetate (AcOEt) = 5:3 to 5:4)) to give (2S,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl- 4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-{1-(l-methylpγrazol-4-yl)-1- (phenoxythiocarbonγloxy)methyl}pyrrolidine (46.2 g) . IR (Neat) : 1685, 1400, 1090 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02, 0.04 (total 6H, each s), 0.84 (9H, s), 1.86-2.16 (2H, m) , 2.95-3.18 and 3.35-3.80 (total 2H, m) , 3.80-3.92 (3H, m) , 3.92-4.10 and 4.32-4.42 (total IH, m) , 4.42-4.73 (3H, m), 5.08-5.43 (3H, m) , 5.82-6.10 (IH, m) , 7.05-7.51 (7H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 532 (MH + ) Preparation 17-5) To a solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-{1-(l-methγlpyrazol-4-yl)-1- (phenoxythiocarbonγloxy)methyl}pyrrolidine (42.9 g) in toluene (600 ml) was added tri-n-butyltin hydride (43.5 ml) and AIBN (2.65 g) . Under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was refluxed for 3.5 hours then cooled. To the mixture was added tri-n-butyltin hydride (10.9 ml) and 2,2'-azobiεiεobutyronitrile (AIBN) (1.33 g) , then refluxed again for 3.5 hourε. After cooling, the εolvent waε evaporated and the residue was column chromatographed on silica gel (2.4 kg, eluting with n-hexane:AcOEt = 5:4) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyl¬ oxy)-2-{(l-methylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl}pyrrolidine (22.3 g) . IR (Neat) : 1680, 1395, 1090 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01 (6H, s), 0.83 (9H, ε) , 1.65-2.00 (2H, m), 2.70-2.95 (2H, m) , 3.26 (IH, dd, J=11.2Hz, 4.7Hz), 3.28-3.45 (IH, m) , 3.84 (3H, ε), 4.03-4.22 (2H, m) , 4.58-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.17-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.06 (IH, m) , 7.12 (IH, ε), 7.25 (IH, s) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 380 (MH + ) Preparation 17-6) To an ice-cooled εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-{(1-methyl- pyrazol-4-γl)methyl}pyrrolidine (22.3 g) in methanol (220 ml) was added lN-hydrochloric acid (118 ml). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at the same temperature, then stirred for 1.5 hours at room temperature. After cooling with an ice bath, sodium bicarboante (10.4 g) was added, and methanol was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting aqueous residue was extracted with chloroform (x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced presεure. The reεidue waε column chromatographed on εilica gel (600 g, eluting with chloroform (CHCl,): methanol (MeOH) = 10:1) to give (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxγ-2-{ (l-methylpyrazol-4-yl)- methyl}pyrrolidine (15.3 g) . IR (Neat) : 3350, 1670, 1410 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.75-2.10 (3H, m) , 2.70-3.00 (2H, ), 3.20-3.38 (IH, m) , 3.45-3.70 (IH, m) , 3.85 (3H, ε), 4.10-4.33 (2H, ) , 4.55-4.75 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.87-6.08 (IH, m) , 7.13 (IH, ε), 7.27 (IH, s) APCI-Masε (m/z) : 266 (MH + ) Preparation 17-7) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-{(l-methylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl}pyrrolidine (15.3 g) and triphenylphosphine (19.67 g) in tetrahydrofuran (180 ml) was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (13.06 g) at -30°C. After 15 minuteε, thiobenzoic acid (9.5 ml) was added thereto. The mixture was warmed up to 0 - 5°C over 2 minutes and stirred for 2 hours. After evaporation of tetrahydrofuran, the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (500 ml) . The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (x 3), water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced presεure. After εtoring the reεidue overnight in an ice box, a precipitate had appeared. To the precipitate waε added a solution of diiεopropyl ether (IPE) - diethyl ether (1:1, 100 ml) and the solid waε removed by filtration. The filtrate waε evaporated and the reεidue was column chromatographed on silica gel (1.1 kg, eluting with AcOEt-IPE = 2:3 to 1:1) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-{(1- methγlpyrazol-4-yl)methyl}pyrrolidine (21.8g) . IR (Neat) : 1680, 1655, ' 1400, 1195 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.81 (IH, qn, J=6.3Hz), 2.40-2.60 (IH, m) , 2.79 (IH, dd, J=14.2Hz, 8.9Hz), 2.90-3.1 (IH, m), 3.19 (IH, dd, J=10.8Hz, 7.3Hz), 3.86 (3H s), 3.95-4.25 (3H, m) , 4.58-4.74 (2H, m) , 5.19-5.42 (2H, m) , 5.87-6.08 (IH, m) , 7.17 (IH, ε), 7.31 (IH, s), 7.37-7.74 (5H, m) APCI-Masε (m/z) : 386 (MH + ) Preparation 18-1) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methylεulfonyloxy-2-(2- methylεulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (28.8 g) and 2-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxymethyl)imidazole (18.1 g) were reacted in subεtantially the εame manner aε that of Preparation 10-3) to give (2R,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2- [2-{2-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxymethyl)imidazol-l-γl}ethyl]- 4-methylsulfonyloxypyrrolidine (34.5 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200 MHz, δ) : 0.08 (6H, s), 0.90 (9H, ε), 1.8-2.1 (2H, m) , 2.3-2.6 (2H, m) , 3.04 (3H, ε), 3.4-3.6 (IH, m) , 3.9-4.2 (4H, m) , 4.6-4.7 (2H, m), 4.77 (2H, s) , 5.1-5.4 (3H, m) , 5.7-5.9 (IH, ), 6.8-7.1 (2H, m) Preparation 18-2) To a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{2- (t-butyldimethylsilγloxγmethγl)imidazol-l-γl}ethyl]-4- methylεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (34.5 g) in methanol (170 ml) was added concentrated hydrochloric acid (17 ml) dropwiεe under cooling in an ice bath. After εtirring for 10 minutes, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for another 3 hours. The mixture was quenched by the addition of a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (28% W/W, 39.4 g) , then ethyl acetate (340 ml) was added. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to give a crude oil. The oil was chromatographed on a 300 g of silica gel eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100:0 to 95:5) to give (2R,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(2-hydroxymethγlimidazol- 1-γl)ethyl]-4-methylεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (15.7 g) aε a light brown paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.8-2.1 (2H, m) , 2.2-2.6 (2H, m), 3.02 (3H, s), 3.5-3.7 (2H, m) , 3.9-4.2 (4H, m), 4.5-4.7 (4H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (3H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m), 6.8-7.0 (2H, m) Preparation 18-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(2-hydroxymethyl- imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (15.7 g) was reacted with thioacetic S-acid (6.30 ml) in subεtantially the εame manner as that of Preparation 4-12) to give (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-[2-(2- hydroxymethylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.93 g) as an organge paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.9-2.1 (2H, m) , 2.34 (3H, s), 2.4-2.7 (2H, ) , 3.2-3.3 (IH, m) , 3.8-4.2 (6H, ), 4.5-4.7 (4H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m), 6.8-7.1 (2H, m) Preparation 19-1) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methylsulfonyloxy-2-(2- methylsulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (21.5 g) and 2-carbamoylimidazole (7.07 g) were reacted in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 10-3) to give (2R,4R)-l-allγloxγcarbonγl-2-{2-(2- carbamoylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl}-4-methylsulfonyloxy- pyrrolidine (15.2 g) as a yellow solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.9-2.2 (2H, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, s), 3.5-3.7 (IH, m) , 3.9-4.1 (2H, m), 4.5-4.6 (4H, m) , 5.1-5.3 (3H, m) , 5.63 (IH, br), 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 7.0-7.3 (3H, m) Preparation 19-2) To a solution of potassium t-butoxide (8.42 g) in dimethylformamide (70 ml) was added thiobenzoic S-acid (9.27 ml) dropwiεe at -20°C under dry ice - acetone bath. After the addition, the solution was warmed to room temperature, and then εtirred for 75 minuteε. To the εolution waε added a εolution of (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(2-carbamoylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl]-4- methylεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (14.5 g) in dimethylformamide (70 ml) and the mixture waε heated to 85°C and εtirred for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was quenched by the addition of water (280 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (140 ml x 3). The combined extract was waεhed with aqueouε εaturated sodium bicarbonate solution (140 ml x 2), water (200 ml x 2), and brine (200 ml x 2), and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The εolvent waε evaporated and the reεidue was chromatographed on a 150 g of silica gel eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (95:5, V/V) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(2- carbamoylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (11.2 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.7-2.2 (2H, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 3.3-3.4 (IH, m) , 4.0-4.3 (3H, ) , 4.5-4.6 (4H, ), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.46 (IH, br), 5.8-6.0 (IH, ), 7.0-8.0 (8H, m) Preparation 20-1) To a εolution of 1,2,4-triazole (100 g) in methanol (200 ml) was added 28% sodium methoxide in methanol solution (278.3 ml), followed by iodomethane (205.5 g) and the solution was warmed to 40°C for 18 hours. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol then treated with benzene (150 ml), warmed to 70°C and decanted. This was repeated with 3 x 150 ml portions of chloroform. The combined organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to ca. 100 ml and the white precipitate was removed by filtration. After evaporation of the filtrate the reεulting red liquid residue was distilled at atmoεpheric preεεure to give l-methyl-l,2,4-triazole (71.45 g) as a colorless liquid that solidified in the refrigerator. bp : 175-180°C IR (Neat) : 3100, 2950 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 3.95 (3H, ε), 7.94 (IH, s), 8.05 (IH, s) El-Mass (m/z) : 83 (M + ) Preparation 20-2) To a solution of l-methyl-l,2,4-triazole (3.12 g) in tetrahydrofuran (47 ml) at -70°C was added dropwise n-butyllithium (1.6N) in hexane (25.5 ml) keeping the temperature below -60°C. After 15 minutes at -70°C, the mixture was warmed quickly to 0°C, stirred 5 minutes then recooled to -70°C and εtirred for 30 minuteε. To the mixture waε added a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-formylpyrrolidine (10.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) keeping the temperature below -60°C. After 30 minuteε the cooling bath waε removed and the mixture waε warmed to 0°C over 30 minutes. After a further 2 hours the mixture was quenched with saturated 5 sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted-with ethyl acetate (x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine and water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed on silica gel (300 g, eluting with 10 chloroform-methanol (30:1)) and then again on silica gel (300 g) eluting with ethyl acetate) to give 1-{(2S,4R)-l-benzγl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin- 2-yl}-l-(l-methyl-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methanol (6.16 g) (as a 4.3:1 mixture of diaεtereoiεomerε) . 15 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01, 0.00-0.01 (total 6H, each s), 0.86, 0.84, 0.83 (total 9H, each s), 1.75-2.12 (2H, m), 2.30-2.50 (M) , , - 2.61 (dd, J=3.85Hz, 11.2Hzr o:a - L u ' 2.99 (dd, J=4.5Hz, 11.2Hz) , _ Λ4 _ a , 1W 3.08-3.20 (M) * o ax λti ~ 20 3.30-3.68 (IH, m) , 3.94, 3.87 (total 3H, each s), 3.72-3.99 (2H, m) , 4.21-4.28 (IH, m) , 4.51 (d, J=4.7Hz) , , . 4.79 (d, J=3.5Hz) } ^ o a - L LΆ> 7.18-7.32 (5H, m) , 7.75, 7.77 (total IH, each s) 25. APCI-Mass (m/z) : 403 (MH + ) Preparation 20-3) 1-{(2S,4R)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl¬ silyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-1-(1-methyl-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl)- 30 methanol (5.96 g) was obtained by the same procedure as Preparation 17-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : -0.02-0.06 (total 6H, m) , 0.84-0.89 (9H, m), 1.60-2.00 (2H, m) , 3.25-3.70 (2H, m) , 3.98-4.05 (total 3H, m) , 4.15-4.70 and 4.95-5.40 35 (total 7H, each ) , 5.87-6.05 (total 2H, m) , 7.79 (IH, s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 397 (MH + ) Preparation 20-4) (2S,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy- 2-{1-(1-methyl-l,2,4-triazol-5-γl)-1-(phenoxythiocarbonyl- oxy)methyl}pyrrolidine (7.40 g) was obtained by the same procedure as Preparation 17-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.03, 0.05, 0.06, 0.064 (total 6H, each s), 0.85 (9H, ε), 1.90-2.20 (IH, m) , 2.60-3.03 (1.5H, m) , 3.30-3.70 (1.5H, m) , 3.91-4.36 (total 4H, m) , 4.50-4.80 (3H, m) , 5.15-5.44 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.08 (IH,- m) , 6.60-6.90 (IH, m), 7.05-7.14 (2H, m) , 7.22-7.44 (3H, m) , 7.87 and 7.88 (total IH, each s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 533 (MH + ) Preparation 20-5) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy- 2-(1-methyl-l,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (2.69 g) was obtained by the same procedure as Preparation 17-5). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.03 (6H, ε), 0.84 (9H, ε), 1.89-2.28 (2H, m) , 2.97-3.09 (IH, m) , 3.55-3.23 (3H, m), 3.81-3.88 (3H, m) , 4.15-4.30 (2H, m) , 4.60-4.62 (2H, m) , 5.195-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.84-5.01 (IH, m), 7.78 (IH, s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 381 (MH + ) Preparation 20-6) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-(1-methyl- 1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (2.44 g) was obtained by the same procedure as Preparation 17-6). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.00-2.45 (3H, m) , 2.95-3.07 (IH, m), 3.20-3.70 (3H, m) , 3.80-3.95 (3H, m) , 4.20-4.45 (2H, m) , 4.55-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.02 (IH, m) , 7.78 (IH, s) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 267 (MH + ) Preparation 20-7) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(l- methyl-l,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (3.55 g) was obtained by the εame procedure as those of Preparations 17-7) and 20-6). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 2.10-2.32 (IH, m) , 2.52-2.75 (IH, m), 3.08 (IH, dd, J=9.5Hz, 14.5Hz), 3.25-3.60 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, br s), 4.05-4.40 (3H, m) , 4.62 (2H, d, J=5.6Hz), 5.22-5.36 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.05 (IH, m) , 7.80 (IH, ε) , 1.40-8.30 (5H, m) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 387 (MH + ) Preparation 21-1) To a solution of 1-methylpyrazole (30.5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (460 ml) was added dropwise n-butyllithium (1.6 Ν) in hexane (250 ml) keeping the temperature below -60°C. The mixture was warmed to 0-5°C over 30 minuteε, and stirred for 30 minutes, then cooled to -70 ~ -60°C. To the mixture waε added a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxy)-2- formylpyrrolidine (91.4 g) in tetrahydrofuran (90 ml) keeping the temperature below -60°C. The reaction mixture waε warmed to 0-5°C over 40 minuteε, and εtirred for 2 hourε. The mixture waε quenched with ice water (300 ml) and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer waε extracted with ethyl acetate (x 2), and the combined organic layer was waεhed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed on silica gel (3 kg, eluting with ethyl acetate-n-hexane (1:1 to 5:1)) to give 1-{(2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidin-2-γl}-l-(l-methylpyrazol-5-yl)methanol (101 g) (as a 2:1 mixture of diastereomer). IR (Neat) : 3200, 1240 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 (total 6H, each s), 0.86, 0.89 (total 9H, each s), 1.56-1.85 (IH, m), 1.93-2.20 (IH, m) , 2.48 (dd, J=9.9Hz, 5.8Hz) , . . η 1p 2.61 (dd, J=11.5Hz, 2.9Hz) } toτ:aj - -"* / 3.02 (dd, J=11.5Hz, 4.5Hz) , . , - 3.20 (dd, J=9.9Hz, 5.2Hz) ' torax a ' 3.24-3.51 (IH, m) , 3.82, 3.86 (total 3H, each s), 3.66 (d, J=12.9Hz) 3.79 (d, J=13.1Hz) , , 3.93 (d, J=13.lHz) ; t ota l za , 4.02 (d, J=12.9Hz) 4.18-4.39 (IH, m) , 4.41 (d, J=6.1Hz) , . , , 1w 4.69 (d, J=2.7Hz) } tσtal iil ' 6.14 (d, J=1.9Hz) , , - 6.18 (d, J=1.9Hz) } total lϊi r 7.20-7.38 (5H, m) , 7.38 (d, J=1.9Hz) , , - 7.40 (d, J=1.9Hz) ^ otal La APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 402 (MH + ) Preparation 21-2) 1-{ (2S ,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl¬ silyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-1-(1-methylpyrazol-5-yl)methanol (103.6 g) was obtained in the same procedure aε Preparation 17-3). IR (Neat) : 3220, 1665, 1395, 1100 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 (total 6H, each s), 0.84, 0.85 (total 9H, each s), 1.42-2.08 (total 2H, m), 3.28-3.70 (total 2H, ) , 3.85-4.00 (total 3H, m) , 4.10-4.80 and 5.18-5.38 (total IE , each m) , 5.85-6.06 (total IH, ) , 6.12-6.18 (total IH, m) , 7.35-7.41 (total IH, m) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 396 (MH + ) Preparation 21-3) (2S,4R)-l-Allγloxγcarbonyl-4-t-butγldimethylsilyloxy- 2-{l-(l-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-l-(phenoxγthiocarbonyloxγ)- methyl}pyrrolidine (109.7 g) was obtained in the same procedure aε Preparation 17-4). IR (Neat) : 1685, 1390, 1095 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.03, 0.06, 0.07 (total 6H, each ε), 0.84, 0.86 (total 9H, each ε), 1.82-2.50 (2H, m), 2.90-3.12 and 3.25-3.70 (total 2H, each m), 3.86, 3.96, 4.06 (total 3H, each s), 4.20-4.35 and 3.92-4.13 (total IH, each m) , 4.45-4.75 (3H, m) , 5.18-5.43 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m), 6.23-6.35 (IH, m) , 6.52-6.98 (IH, m) , 7.00-7.13 (2H, m), 7.20-7.50 (4H, m) " APCI-MS (m/z) : 532 (MH + ) Preparation 21-4) (2R,4R)-l-Allγloxycarbonγl-4-(t-butyldimethyl¬ silyloxy)-2-(l-methylpγrazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (55.5 g) was obtained in the same procedure aε Preparation 17-5). IR (Neat) : 1680, 1395, 1090 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.03 (6H, s) , 0.84 (9H, ε) , 1.73-2.00 (2H, m), 2.65-2.83 (IH, m) , 3.03-3.50 (3H, m), 3.75-3.90 (3H, m) , 4.08-4.28 (2H, m) , 4.55-4.68 (2H, m) , 5.18-5.38 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.06 (IH, m), 6.01 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz), 7.39 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 380 (MH + ) Preparation 21-5) (2R,4R)-l-Allγloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-(1-methyl- pyrazo1-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (7.0 g) was obtained in the same procedure aε Preparation 17-6). IR (Neat) : 3300, 1665, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.15 (3H, m) , 2.75 (IH, dd, J=14.5Hz, 9.1Hz), 3.10-3.70 (3H, m) , 3.70-3.92 (3H, m), 4.10-4.40 (2H, m) , 4.52-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.06 (IH, m) , 6.01 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz), 7.38 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 266 (MH + ) Preparation 21-6) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(1- methylpyrazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (10.0 g) was obtained in the same procedure as Preparation 17-7). IR (Neat) : 1680, 1650, 1390, 1195 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.00 (IH, m) , 2.42-2.68 (IH, m), 2.75-3.00 (IH, m) , 3.20-3.55 (2H, m) , 3.75-3.98 (3H, br s), 4.00-4.30 (3H, m) , 4.52-4.70 ' (2H, m) , 5.18-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.06 (IH, m), 6.04 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz), 7.40 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz), 7.30-8.20 (5H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 386 (MH + ) Preparation 22-1) To a solution of l-methyl-2-phenylthioimidazole (148 g) in tetrahydrofuran (1500 ml) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (750 ml) was added dropwise lithium diiεoprophylamide in tetrahydrofuran and n-hexane εolution (1.55 mol/Jl) keeping the temperature below -65°C. After εtirring for 50 minuteε, to the mixture waε added dropwiεe a εolution of (2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxy)-2- formylpyrrolidine (272 g) in tetrahydrofuran (500 ml) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (250 ml) at -65 - -58°C for 60 minutes. The mixture was stirred at -65 - -58°C for 30 minutes and at -60 ~ -5°C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of cold water (4 I ) and ethyl acetate (3 I ) . The organic extract was washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium εulfate and evaporated under reduced preεsure. To the residue was added diisopropyl ether (1.5 Z ) . The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with diisopropyl ether and n-hexane to give 1—((2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t- butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-1-(l-methyl-2- thiophenylimidazol-5-yl)methanol (222.4 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : -0.05-0.13 (6H, m), 0.83 and 0.86 (total 9H, each s), 1.66-1.85 (IH, m) , 1.92-2.29 (IH, m), 2.35-2.68 (IH, m) , 2.90-3.22 (IH, m) , 3.23-3.57 (IH, m) , 3.50-4.03 (2H, m) , 3.55 (3H, ε), 4.18-4.61 (2H, m) , 7.00-7.35 (12H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 50 (MH + ) Preparation 22-2) To a Raney-Nickel (NDT-90, 1400 ml) was added 1-{(2S,4R)-l-benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin- 2-yl}-l-(l-methyl-2-thiophenylimidazol-5-yl)methanol (222 g) in ethanol (4.4 ϋ ) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was stirred and heated under reflux for 2.5 hours. After cooling, the Raney-Nickel was removed by filtration and waεhed with ethanol (1 I x 5). The filtrate and the waεhingε were combined, dried over magneεium sulfate, evaporated in vacuo to give 1-{(2S,4R)-l-benzγl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidin- 2-yl}-l-(l-methylimidazol-5-yl)methanol (133.4 g) as an amorphous solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.06-0.18 (6H, ) , 0.85 and 0.87 (total 9H, each s), 1.69-2.71 (3H, m) , 2.97-3.27 (IH, m), 3.44-3.64 (5H, m) , 3.92 and 4.11 (0.66H, ABq, J=13Hz), 3.66 and 4.02 (1.34H, ABq, J=13Hz), 4.23-4.41 (IH, m) , 4.31 and 4.68 (total IH, each d, J=7.6Hz, 2.2Hz), 6.90 and 6.94 (total IH, each s) , 7.19-7.42 (6H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 402 (MH + ) Preparation 22-3) (2S,4R)-l-Benzyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-{l-(l- - methylimidazol-5-yl)-l-(phenylthio)methyl}pyrrolidine (123 g) was obtained by the εimilar procedure aε Preparation * 5 16-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.03 (3H, s), 0.23 (3H, s), 0.88 (9H, s), 2.18-2.34 (IH, m) , 1.93-2.10 (IH, m) , 2.40 (IH, dd, J=5.4Hz, 9.9Hz), 3.10 (IH, dd, J=5.0Hz, 9.9Hz), 3.31 (3H, ε), 3.42-3.52 (IH, 10 m), 3.59 and 3.89 (2H, ABq, J=13.0Hz), 4.22 (IH, d, J=4.5Hz), 4.33-4.44 (IH, m) , 7.01 (IH, s), 7.13-7.33 (11H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 494 (MH + ) 15 Preparation 22-4) (2R,4R)-l-Benzyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(1- methylimidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (6.59 g) waε obtained by the εimilar procedure as Preparation 16-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.06 (6H, s) , 0.86 (9H, s), 20 1.74-1.92 (2H, m) , 2.27 (IH, dd, J=5.70Hz, 9.81Hz), 2.52 (IH, dd, J=8.95Hz, 15.2Hz), 2.84 (IH, dd, J=3.91Hz, 15.2Hz), 2.99-3.20 (2H, m) , 3.44 and 4.01 (2H, ABq, J=13.0Hz), 3.51 (3H, s), 4.03-4.35 (IH, m) , 6.83 (IH, d, J=0.8Hz), 25 7.21-7.42 (6H, m) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 386 (MH + ) Preparation 22-5) (2R,4R)-l-Allγloxycarbonyl-4-t-butγldimethylsilyloxy- ~ 30 2-(l-methylimidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (6.40 g) was obtained by the similar procedure as Preparation 17-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.04 (6H, s), 0.85 (9H, s), 1.78-2.05 (2H, m) , 2.54-2.74 (IH, m) , 3.12-3.27 (IH, m), 3.36-3.52 (IH, ) , 3.50-3.61 (IH, m) , 35 3.80 (3H, s), 4.04-4.20 (IH, m) , 4.20-4.35 (IH, m), 4.54-4.71 (2H, m) , 5.12-5.37 (2H, m) , 5.86-6.06 (IH, m) , 6.79 (IH, s), 7.40 (IH, s) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 380 (MH + ) Preparation 22-6) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-(1-methyl- imidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (2.43 g) waε obtained by the similar procedure as Preparation 17-6). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.15 (2H, m) , 2.28-2.73 (IH, m), 2.98-3.70 (4H, m) , 3.64 (3H, s), 4.00-4.24 (IH, m), 4.31-4.45 (IH, m) , 4.52-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.16-5.22 (2H, ) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) , 6.73 (IH, ε), 7.37 (IH, ε) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 266 (MH + ) Preparation 22-7) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(1-methyl- imidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (3.53 g) was obtained by the similar procedure as Preparation 17-7). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.82-2.02 (IH, m) , 2.41-2.72 (IH, m), 2.70-2.98 (IH, m) , 3.20-3.74 (5H, m) , 3.92-4.30 (3H, m) , 4.49-4.73 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.42 (2H, m), 5.82-6.16 (IH, m) , 6.82 (IH, s), 7.30-7.70 (4H, m) , 7.80-8.22 (2H, m) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 386 (MH + ) Preparation 23-1) Under nitrogen atmosphere to a solution of 5-bromopyrimidine (18.3 g) in tetrahydrofuran (360 ml) and diethyl ether (360 ml) was slowly dropped 1.56 mol/Jl n-butyllithium in hexane solution (73.6 ml) at -90°C to -95°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for an hour, and then the solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2- formylpyrrolidme (30.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and ether (60 ml) was dropped into the reaction mixture below -85°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -50°C for an hour, then water (150 ml) was dropped thereto below -10°C. The reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate (500 ml) and ice-water (300 ml) and adjusted to pH 7.0 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Insoluble material was removed by filtration and washed with ethyl acetate (200 ml). The organic layer was separated, washed with water (300 ml) and brine (300 ml), and then dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel (360 g) [solvent; hexane:ethyl acetate = 4:1 to 2:1 to 1:3] to give l-{(2S,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (25.1 g) as an oil. IR (Neat) : 3350-3200, 2920, 1665, 1555, 1400, 1240, 1100, 825, 765 cm '1 NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ) : 0.00-0.08 (6H, m) , 0.83 (5.4H, s), 0.86 (3.6H, ε), 1.45-1.65 (0.4H, m) , 1.85-2.25 (1.6H, m) , 2.85-2.98 (0.6H, m) , 3.25-3.53 (1.4H, m) , 3.80-4.18 (IH, m) , 4.25-4.65 (3H, m) , 5.05-5.37 (3H, m) , 5.88-6.02 (IH, m), 8.65 (1.2H, ε), 8.76 (0.8H, ε), 9.14 (I LC-Mass : M + +l = 394 Preparation 23-2) To a solution of thionyl chloride (6.05 g) in dichloromethane (70 ml) was added 2,6-lutidine (6.53 g) at 5°C to 10°C. After the εolution was stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature, the solution of 1-{ (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (20.0 g) in dichloromethane (100 ml) was slowly dropped thereto below 10°C. After the reaction mixture was stirred for an hour below 10°C, it waε εtirred at room temperature for 2 hourε, then thionyl chloride (6.05 g) and 2,6-lutidine (6.53 g) were added to the reaction mixture. After the reaction mixture waε εtirred another one hour, thionyl chloride (6.05 g) and 2,6-lutidine (6.53 g) were added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then it was poured into ice-water (500 ml) and dichloromethane (400 ml) and adjusted to pH 5.1 with saturated aqueous εodium hydroxide below 15°C. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (400 ml) at pH 4.3 and brine (350 ml). The organic layer was dried over magneεiumsulfate and evaporated. The reεidue waε εubjected to column chromatography on silica gel (200 g) [solvent; hexane:ethyl acetate = 5:1 to 2:1 to 1:1] to give 1-{(2S ,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-chloromethane (9.9 g) as an oil. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : -0.08-0.00 (6H, m) , 0.79 (2.7H, s), 0.80 (6.3H, ε), 1.61-1.93 (IH, ) , 2.10-2.31 (IH, m), 2.67-2.75 (0.3H, m) , 3.30-3.75 (1.7H, ), 4.29-4.47 (1.7H, m) , 4.55-4.68 (2.3H, m) , 5.15-5.36 (2H, m) , 5.53-5.68 (0.3H, m) , 5.82-6.01 (1.7H, m) , 8.73 (0.6H, s), 8.79 (1.4H, ε), 9.14 (IH, ε) LC-Maεε : M + +l = 412 Preparation 23-3) Under nitrogen atmoεphere to a εolution of l-{(2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-4-(t-butγldimethylεilyloxy)- pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-l-chloromethane (37.4 g) in toluene (750 ml) were added firstly tributyltin hydride (29.1 g) and secondly azoisobutyronitrile (0.45 g) at room temperature. After the reaction mixture waε εtirred at 80°C for two hourε, it waε cooled and concentrated under reduced preεεure. The residue waε εubjected to εilica gel column chromatography (400 g) (εolvent; hexane:ethyl acetate = 4:1 to 2:1 to 1:2) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylεilyloxy- 2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (29.1 g) as an oil. IR (Neat) : 2920, 1680, 1545, 1395, 1100, 825, 760 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : -0.06 (6H, s), 0.82 (9H, s), 1.62-1.78 (IH, m), 1.80-1.98 (IH, m) , 2.75-3.60 (4H, m), 4.09-4.28 (2H, m) , 4.60-4.64 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.36 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.05 (IH, m) , 8.55 (2H, s), 9.10 (IH, s) LC-Maεs : M + +l = 378 Preparation 23-4) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimethylεilyloxy-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (29.1 g) in methanol (146 ml) was added concentrated hydrochloric acid (12.9 ml) at 5 to 7°C. After the reaction mixture was stirred for an hour at room temperature, 28% sodium methoxide in methanol (29.7 ml) was dropped thereto at 5°C to 10°C, and then the solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 10°C. Insoluble material was removed by filtration, then the filtrate was concentrated. Acetonitrile (120 ml) was added to the reεidue, and the mixture waε εtirred with magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate was removed by filtration and the filtrate waε concentrated until the volume amounted to 60 ml. Heptane (80 ml) waε added thereto, and the acetonitrile layer waε washed with Heptane (80 ml) four times. The acetonitrile layer was evaporated under reduced pressure and then the residue was distilled off with toluene (20 ml) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxγ-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (24.1 g) as an oil. IR (Neat) : 3500-3200, 1660, 1555, 1400, 1320, 1100 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.65-1.82 (IH, m) , 1.93-2.15 (IH, m), 2.80-3.75 (4H, m) r 4.22-4.35 (2H, m) , 4.61 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 5.22-5.37 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.04 (IH, m), 8.65 (2H, s), 9.13 (IH, ε) LC-Mass : M + +l = 264 Preparation 23-5) Under nitrogen atmoεphere to a εolution of (2R,4R)-1- allyloxγcarbonγl-4-hydroxy-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)- pyrrolidine (21.0 g) in dichloromethane (105 ml) were added triethylamine (16.1 g) firstly and methanesulfonyl chloride (13.7 g) secondly at 5 to 10°C. After the reaction mixture was εtirred for an hour at " the same temperature, dichloromethane (50 ml) and ice-water (150 ml) were added thereto, and then the solution was stirred vigorously for twenty minutes. The organic layer waε separated and washed with IN-hydrochloric acid (100 ml), lN-sodium hydroxide (200 ml), and brine (200 ml). The organic layer waε dried over magneεium sulfate and evaporated under reduced presεure to give (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbony1-4-methaneεulfonyloxy-2-(pyrimidin-5- ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (25.2 g) as an oil. IR (Neat) : 2930, 1675, 1550, 1400, 1330, 1160, 1110, 950, 890 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.85-1.95 (IH, m) , 2.30-2.45 (IH, m), 2.90-3.25 (2H, m) , 3.02 (3H, s) , 3.32-3.40 (IH, m), 3.90-4.10 (IH, m) , 4.25-4.39 (IH, m) , 4.63-4.67 (2H, m) , 5.10 (IH, s), 5.24-5.39 (2H, m), 5.86-6.06 (IH, m) , 8.57 (2H, ε), 9.13 (IH, ε) LC-MASS : M + +l = 342 Preparation 23-6) Under nitrogen atmosphere to a solution of potaεεium tert-butoxide (17.0 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (77ml) was - - slowly dropped thioacetic acid (12.1 g) at 0 to 10°C, and then the solution was stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. This solution was added to a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2- (pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (25.8 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (154 ml) at 15 to 25°C under nitrogen atmosphere, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 80 to 90°C. After the reaction mixture was cooled and poured into ice-water (500 ml) and ethyl acetate (300 ml), the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 8.2 with lN-sodium hydroxide. The organic layer was separated and washed with water containing 10% sodium chloride (300 ml). This fraction and the fraction reextracted from the aqueous layer were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced preεεure to give an oil. The oil was dissolved in toluene (300 ml) and it was washed with water (150 ml), dried over magnesium εulfate and then evaporated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel (250 g) (solvent; hexane:ethyl acetate = 3:1 to 1:6) to give (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-5- ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (17.7 g) as an oil. IR (Neat) : 1670, 1550, 1400, 1320, 1190, 1100 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.55-1.70 (IH, m) , 2.34 (3H, s), 2.34-2.50 (IH, m) , 2.75-2.95 (IH, m) , 3.05-3.35 (2H, m), 3.83-3.92 (IH, ) , 4.02-4.21 (2H, ) , 4.60-4.64 (2H, m) , 5.23-5.38 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.05 (IH, ), 8.58 (2H, s), 9.11 (IH, s) LC-Mass : M + +l = 322 Preparation 24-1) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- cyanomethyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxypyrrolidine (4.65 g) in methanol (23.3 ml) was added cone, hydrochloric acid (2.38 ml) at ice-cooling. After stirring at 15-25°C for 1 hour, the solution was cooled at 5°C. 28% Sodium methoxide in methanol (5.52 ml) waε added to the cold solution and the mixture waε stirred at 0-10°C for 10 minutes. After removal of insoluble material by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated -under reduced presεure. Acetonitrile (23.3 ml) waε added to the reεidue and the εolution waε evaporated. The residue was washed with n-hexane (20 ml) five times and evaporated to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-cyanomethyl-4-hydroxy- pyrrolidine (2.99 g) . IR (Film) : 3370, 2250, 1670, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.70-2.40 (2H, m) , 2.71 (IH, dd, J=2.8Hz, 16.8Hz), 3.17 (IH, dd,. J=6.0Hz, 16.8Hz), 3.50-3.80 (2H, m) , 4.15-4.30 (IH, m) , 4.45-4.60 (IH, m) , 4.60-4.80 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) Maεε : 211 Preparation 24-2) To a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- cyanomethyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine (2.95 g) in dichloromethane (30 ml) were added triethylamine (1.85 g) and a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (1.76 g) in dichloromethane (2 ml) at ice-cooling. After εtirring at 5-10°C for 1 hour, the εolution was poured into an ice water. The separated organic layer was washed with water and aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-cyanomethyl-4-methane- εulfonyloxypyrrolidine (4.44 g) . IR (Film) : 2250, 1690, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.64 (IH, s), 2.15-2.40 (IH, m) , 2.55-2.80 (2H, m) , 3.06 (3H, s), 3.26 (IH, dd, J=5.8Hz, 17.0Hz), 3.72 (IH, dd, J=3.6Hz, 13.0Hz), 3.90-4.40 (2H, m) , 4.60-4.70 (2H, m) , 5. 20-5 . 40 ( 2H, m) , 5 . 80-6 .05 ( IH, m) Mass : 289 Preparation 24-3) To a mixture of potassium t-butoxide (2.18 g) and N,N-dimethγlformamide (43 ml) was added thioacetic acid (1.48 g) at -10°C. After stirring at 0-5°C for 30 minutes, a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- cyanomethyl-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (4.30 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (4 ml) was added to the cold mixture. After stirring at 80°C for 3 hours, the mixture was poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The separated organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium chloride εolution twice, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give (2R,4S)-4-aσetylthio-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-2-(cyanomethyl)pyrrolidine (4.04 g) . IR (Film) : 2250, 1680, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.55-1.70 (IH, m) , 1.80-2.10 (IH, m), 2.36 (3H, ε), 2.60-3.10 (2H, m) , 3.29 (IH, dd, J=8.2Hz, 10.6Hz), 3.80-4.00 (IH, m) , 4.00-4.20 (2H, m), 4.50-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) Preparation 24-4) To a solution of (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(cyanomethyl)pyrrolidine (8.20 g) in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) and methanol (40 ml) was added a 28% sodium methoxide in methanol solution (6.03 ml) at ice-cooling. After stirring at ice-cooling for 30 minuteε, chlorotriphenylmethane (8.31 g) waε added to the cold solution. After stirring at the same temperature for 2 hours, the solution was poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The separated organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution twice, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was εubjected to a column chromatography on silica gel (eluent; n-hexane:ethyl acetate = 5:1) to give (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-cyanomethyl-4-(triphenylmethylthio)- pyrrolidine (11.7 g) . IR (Nujol) : 2250, 1680, 1590, 1390 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.50-1.80 (IH, m) , 1.90-2.20 (IH, m), 2.60-3.20 (5H, m) , 3.70-3.90 (IH, m) , 4.40-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.00 (IH, ), 7.15-7.50 (15H, m) Preparation 24-5) To a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- cyanomethyl-4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (1.17 g) in dimethyl sulfoxide (3.75 ml) were added potasεium carbonate (50 mg) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (313 μl). After stirring at 60°C for 2 hourε, the mixture waε poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The εeparated organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution twice, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel (eluent; n-hexane:ethyl acetate = 1:1) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- carbamoylmethyl-4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (0.93 g ) . IR (Nujol) : 1650, 1590 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.50-1.90 (IH, m) , 2.20-2.50 (2H, m), 2.60-3.00 (4H, m) , 3.80-4.00 (IH, m) , 4.40-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.27 (IH, br s), 5.70-6.00 (2H, m) , 7.15-7.60 (15H, m) FAB-Mass : M + = 487.2 Preparation 24-6) To a εolution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- carbamoylmethyl-4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (255 mg) in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (5 ml) was added Lawesson's reagent (106 mg) . After stirring at 50°C for 4 hourε, the solution waε poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water, and adjuεted to pH 7.0 with aqueouε εodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The εeparated organic layer waε washed with aqueouε εodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium εulfate and evaporated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel (eluent; n-hexane:ethyl acetate = 2:1) to give (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-thiocarbamoylmethyl-4-(triphenyl- methylthio)pyrrolidine (130 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.70-2.00 (IH, m) , 2.20-2.45 (IH, m), 2.60-3.10 (4H, m) , 3.20 (IH, dd, J=3.6Hz, 13.8Hz), 3.75-4.00 (IH, m) , 4.40-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.15-7.60 (15H, m) Preparation 24-7) To a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- thiocarbamoylmethyl-4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (110 mg) in acetonitrile (4 ml) were added iodomethane (497 mg) and potassium carbonate (61 mg) . After stirring at room temperature for 3 hourε, the solution was poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The separated organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel (eluent; n-hexane:ethyl acetate = 3:2) to give (2R,4S)-1- allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(2-imino-2-methγlthioethyl)-4- (triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (72 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.20-1.80 (2H, m) , 2.00-2.40 (IH, m), 2.26 (3H, ε), 2.48 (IH, dd, J=7.8Hz, 14.0Hz), 2.60-2.90 (2H, m) , 2.90-3.30 (IH, m) , 3.80-4.05 (IH, m), 4.35-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.40 (2H, m), 5.70-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.10-7.50 (15H, ) Mass : 517 Preparation 24-8) To a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2- imino-2-methγlthioethγl)-4-(triphenylmethylthio)- pyrrolidine (1.95 g) in methanol (39 ml) was added ammonium chloride (222 mg) . After stirring at 50°C for 2 hours, the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diisopropyl ether to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-amidinomethyl-4-(triphenyl¬ methylthio)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (1.36 g) . IR (Nujol) : 1670, 1580, 1410 cm "1 NMR (DMSO-d 6 , δ) : 1.30-1.60 (IH, m) , 2.10-2.30 (IH, m), 2.30-2.50 (IH, m) , 2.50-3.00 (4H, m) , 3.90-4.10 (IH, m) , 4.30-4.50 (2H, m), 5.10-5.30 (2H, m), 5.70-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.20-7.50 (15H, m) , 8.69 (IH, br s), 8.99 (IH, br ε) Mass : 486 (M+D-HCl Preparation 24-9) To a solution of 28% sodium methoxide in methanol solution (104 mg) in methanol (10 ml) were added (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-amidinomethyl-4-(triphenyl¬ methylthio)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (1.0 g) and 3-dimethylaminoacrγlaldehγde (190 mg) . After εtirring under reflux for 8 hourε, the solution waε poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The εeparated organic layer waε washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)- 4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (75 mg) . IR (Film) : 1680, 1550, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.20 (2H, m) , 2.60-3.00 (3H, m) , 2.98 (IH, dd, J=8.4Hz, 14.0Hz), 3.40-3.70 (IH, m), 4.10-4.30 (IH, m) , 4.40-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.05-5.30 (2H, m) , 5.70-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.12 (IH, t, J=5.0Hz), 7.10-7.50 (15H, m) , 8.64 (2H, d, J=5.OHZ) Mass : 522 Preparation 25-1) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylεilyloxy)-2-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)- pyrrolidine (37.6 g) and ammonium chloride (5.84 g) in dimethylformamide (185 ml) was added portionwise sodium azide (7.1 g) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at 70°C for 3 hours, and poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed twice with water and once with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-azidoethyl)-4-(t-butyl¬ dimethylsilyloxy)pyrrolidine (29.7 g) . Rf : 0.95 (hexane:ethyl acetate = 1:1) IR (Neat) : 2080, 1680, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.06 (3H, ε) , 0.80 (3H, ε), 0.86 (9H, ε), 1.50-2.30 (4H, m) , 3.30-4.40 (6H, m) , 4.60 (2H, m), 5.18-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.85-6.01 (IH, m) Preparation 25-2) To a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(2- azidoethyl)-4-(t-butyldimethylεilγloxy)pγrrolidine (29.7 g) in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise 12N hydrochloric acid (15 ml) at ambient temperature. After stirring for 6 hours, the mixture was poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over magneεium εulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-azidoethyl)-4-hydroxy- pyrrolidine (20.0 g) . Rf : 0.10 (hexane:ethyl acetate = 1:1) Preparation 25-3) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-(2- azidoethyl)-4-hydroxγpyrrolidine (20.0 g) and triethylamine (15.2 ml) in dichloromethane (300 ml) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (7.8 ml) under ice-cooling. After stirring for 1 hour, water was poured into the mixture. ' The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer waε extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic layer waε washed with IN hydrochloric acid, sat. sodium bicarbonate, water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-azidoethyl)-4- methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (15.3 g) . Rf : 0.35 (hexane:ethyl acetate = 1:1) IR (Neat) : 2080, 1670, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.65 (IH, m) , 1.94-2.07 (IH, m) , 2.10-2.40 (IH, m), 2.40-2.60 (IH, m) , 3.04 (3H, s), 3.38 (2H, t, J=14Hz), 3.40-4.70 (IH, m) , 3.90-4.20 (2H, m) , 4.62 (2H, d, J=4.7Hz), 5.20-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.80-6.05 (IH, m) Preparation 25-4) To a εuspension of potaεεium t-butoxide (6.99 g) in dimethylformamide (150 ml) waε added thioacetic acid (4.45 ml) under ice-cooling. After εtirring for 15 minuteε, a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-(2-azidoethyl)-4- methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (15.3 g) in dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added to the mixture under ice-cooling. The mixture was warmed to 80°C and stirred for 4 hours, then cooled to ambient temperature and poured into water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with sat. εodium bicarbonate, water (twice) and brine, dried over magneεium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl- 2-(2-azidoethyl)pyrrolidine (14.7 g) . Rf : 0.77 (hexane:ethyl acetate = 1:1) IR (Neat) : 2080, 1660, 1400 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.60-1.90 (2H, m) , 2.10-2.40 (IH, m), 2.34 (3H, s), 2.46-2.70 (IH, m) , 3.18 (IH, dd, J=7.4Hz, 11.4Hz), 3.36 (2H, t, J=6.8Hz), 3.80-4.20 (3H, m) , 4.59 (2H, d, J=4.9Hz), 5.20-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) Preparation 25-5) To a solution of (2R,4S)-4-acetγlthio-l-allγloxy- carbonyl-2-(2-azidoethyl)pyrrolidine (14.7 g) in methanol (74 ml) was added dropwise 4.8N sodium methoxide in methanol (11.3 ml) under ice-cooling. After stirring for 1 hour at 0°C, triphenylmethyl chloride (14.4 g) was added to the mixture. After stirring for 5 hours at 0°C, the mixture was poured into ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was waεhed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed on εilica gel (hexane:ethyl acetate = 10:1 to 5:1) to give (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-azidoethyl)-4-(triphenylmethylthio)- pyrrolidine (16.5 g) . Rf : 0.55 (hexane:ethyl acetate = 4:1) IR (Neat) : 2080, 1680, 1400 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.30-1.80 (2H, m) , 1.90-2.25 (2H, m), 2.60-3.00 (3H, m) , 3.10-3.40 (2H, m) , 3 . 60-3 . 80 ( IH, m) , 4. 40-4.60 ( 2H, m) , 5 .10-5. 30 ( 2H, m) , 5. 80-6. 00 (IH, m) , 7. 20-7.50 ( 15H, m) Preparation 25-6) To a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2- azidoethyl)-4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (10.1 g) in pyridine (30 ml) was added triphenylphosphine at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour, and then 28% aqueous ammonia waε added. After stirring at ambient temperature overnight, the mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, and co-evaporated with toluene. The residue was column chromatographed on εilica gel (chloroform:methanol = 9:1) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-aminoethyl)-4- (triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (9.0 g) . Rf : 0.43 (chloroform:methanol = 9:1) IR (Neat) : 1660, 1400 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.30-2.30 (5H, m) , 2.50-3.00 (4H, m), 3.60-3.80 (IH, m) , 4.40-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.00 (IH, m) Preparation 25-7) A εolution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2- aminoethyl)4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (5.78 g) and l-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chloride (4.19 g) in n-butanol (60 ml) waε εtirred under reflux condition for 4 hourε, and then evaporated under reduced preεεure. The reεidue waε column chromatographed on εilica gel (chloroform:methanol = 5:1 to 4:1) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonγl-2-{2-(l-pyridinio)ethyl}-4- (triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine chloride (5.88 g) . Rf : 0.17 (chloroform: ethanol = 9:1) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.50-1.80 (IH, m) , 2.20-3.00 (6H, m), 3.50-3.80 (IH, m) , 4.43 (2H, d, J=5.4Hz), 4.80-5.30 (4H, m) , 5.70-6.00 (IE, m)T 7.00-7.50 ( 15H, m) , 8 . 07 ( 2H, t , J=7 . 0Hz ) , 8 . 44 ( IH, t , J=7. 8Hz ) , 9. 66 ( 2H, d, J=5.5Hz ) Preparation 26-1) To a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-{2-(5-formylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidine (12.65 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (60 ml) and methanol (60 ml) was portionwise added sodium borohydride (1.17 g) with stirring under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture waε adjuεted to pH 8 with 6N hydrochloric acid at the same condition. The resulting precipitates were- filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (250 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2- {2-(5-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidine (10.23 g ) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.86 (9H, ε), 1.55-2.45 (4H, m) , 3.25-3.60 (2H, m) , 3.90-4.10 (3H, m), 4.30-4.45 (IH, ) , 4.50-4.60 (4H, m) , 5.10-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.05 (IH, m) , 6.87 (IH, s), 7.45 (IH, s) Preparation 26-2) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t- butyldimεthylsilyloxy-2-{2-(5-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidine (9.22 g) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) waε added potassium t-butoxide (3.54 g) with stirring under ice-cooling and then added dropwise methyl iodide (2.80 ml) at the same condition. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate (100 ml) was added to a reaction mixture. The solution was waεhed εucceεsively with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (200 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/v). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give a reεidue. To a εolution of the reεidue (7.79 g) in methanol (100 ml) was added cone, hydrochloric acid (4.60 ml) with stirring at ambient temperature. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight. To the solution was added 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (10.6 ml) with stirring under ice-cooling. The resulting precipitates were filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (200 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1, V/V) . The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-2-{2-(5-methoxymethγlimidazol- 1-yl)ethγl}pyrrolidine (3.63 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.50-2.50 (4H, m) , 3.29 (3H, s), 3.35-4.40 (8H, m) , 4.45-4.65 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.40 (2H, m), 5.80-6.05 (IH, m) , 6.98 (IH, s), 7.55 (IH, broad s) Preparation 26-3) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-4- hydroxy-2-{2-(5-methoxγmethγlimidazol-l-γl)ethyl}- pyrrolidine (3.63 g) in ethyl acetate (40 ml) were added succesεively triethylamine (2.29 ml) and methaneεulfonyl chloride (1.09 ml) with εtirring under ice-cooling. The mixture waε stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture waε added water (20 ml). The organic layer waε εeparated and waεhed with saturated aqueouε εodium chloride, dried over anhydrouε magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-4-methaneεulfonyloxy-2-{2- (5-methoxymethγlimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidine (3.85 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.70-2.10 (2H, m) , 2.30-2.60 (2H, m), 3.03 (3H, s), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.50-3.70 (IH, m), 3.90-4.20 (4H, ) , 4.40 (2H, ε), 4.62 (2H, broad d, J=5.55Hz), 5.10-5.35 (3H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m), 7.01 (IH, ε), 7.55 (IH, broad s) Preparation 26-4) (2R,4S)-4-Acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(5- methoxymethylimidazol-l-yl)ethγl}pyrrolidine (2.25 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 18-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.50-1.75 (IH, m) , 1.80-2.10 (IH, m), 2.34 (3H, s), 2.34-2.70 (2H, m) , 3.21 (IH, dd, J=7.11Hz, 11.4Hz), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.80-4.20 (5H, m), 4.41 (2H, s), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.56Hz), 5.15-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.75-6.10 (IH, m) , 7.00 (IH, ε), 7.54 (IH, broad ε) Preparation 27-1) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-(2- methanesulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (13.2 g) was reacted with 4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)imidazol (8.30 g) and potassium t-butoxide (4.39 g) in subεtantially the εame manner aε Preparation 10-3) to give (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{4-(t-butyldimethylεilyloxymethyl)- imidazol-l-yl}ethyl]-4-methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (23.7 g) as a brown paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 0.10 (6H, s), 0.93 (9H, s), 1.7-2.5 (4H, m), 3.04 (3H, s) , 3.4-3.6 (IH, m), 3.8-4.2 (4H, m) , 4.5-4.6 (2H, m) , 4.64 (2H, ε), 5.1-5.3 (3H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 6.85 (IH, ε), 7.50 (IH, s) Preparation 27-2) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{4- (t-butγldimethγlsilyloxymethyl)imidazol-l-yl}ethyl]-4- methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (23.7 g) in acetonitrile (120 ml) was added concentrated hydrochloric acid (12 ml) dropwise under cooling in an ice-bath. After stirring at the same temperature for 2 hours,, the mixture was quenched by the addition of a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (28% W/W, 27.8 g) then ethyl acetate (240 ml) was added. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (120 ml) and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was washed with hexane (200 ml x 5) then concentrated in vacuo. The residual yellow paste was chromatographed on a 140 g of silica gel eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100:0 to 99:1 to 95:5) to give (2R,4R)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(4-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl]-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (6.02 g) as a yellow paεte. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.8-2.6 (5H, m) , 3.03 (3H, ε), 3.5-3.7 (IH, m) , 3.9-4.2 (4H, m) , 4.5-4.7 (4H, m), 5.2-5.4 (3H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 6.9-7.0 (IH, m), 7.4-7.6 (IH, m) Preparation 27-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(4-hydroxymethyl- imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (6.02 g) waε reacted with thioacetic acid (2.42 ml) and potassium t-butoxide (3.61 g) in substantially the same manner as Preparation 4-12) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-acetylthio-2-[2-(4-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.46 g) as an orange paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.5-2.6 (4H, m) , 2.34 (3H, s), 3.2-3.3 (IH, m), 3.8-4.2 (6H, m) , 4.5-4.7 (4H, m), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 6.9-7.0 (IH, ), 7.4-7.5 (IH, m) Preparation 28-1) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxγcarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-(2- methaneεulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (19.6 g) were reacted with 4-carbamoylmethylimidazole (7.25 g) and potaεsium t-butoxide (6.52 g) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 10-3) to give (2R,4R)-l-allγloxy- carbonyl-2-{2-(4-carbamoylmethylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}-4- methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (2.75 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.8-2.0 (2H, m) , 2.3-2.5 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, s), 3.51 (2H, ε), 3.5-3.6 (IH, m), 3.9-4.1 (4H, ) , 4.61 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 5.2-5.6 (4H, m), 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 6.85 (IH, br), 7.06 (IH, br) , 7.49 (IH, br) Preparation 28-2) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4-carbamoylmethyl- imidazol-1-yl)ethyl}-4-methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (2.74 g) were reacted with thiobenzoic acid (1.69 ml) and potasεium t-butoxide (1.54 g) in εubεtantially the εame manner aε Preparation 19-2) to give (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonγl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(4-carbamoylmethyl- imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (2.30 g) aε a yellow εolid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.7-2.2 (2H, m) , 2.4-2.7 (2H, m), 3.3-3.4 (IH, m) , 3.51 (2H, s), 3.9-4.3 (5H, m), 4.5-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.2-5.4 (3H, m) , 5 . 9-6. 1 (IH, m) , 6. 9-8.1 ( 8H, m) Preparation 29-1) To a εolution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- methaneεulfonyloxy-2-{2-(methanesulfonyloxy)ethyl}- pyrrolidine (38.8 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (380 ml) were added 4-formγlimidazole (13.0 g) and potasεium t-butoxide (15.2 g) and the mixture waε εtirred at 50-60°C for 2 hourε. The reaction mixture waε poured into water (600 ml) and extracted three timeε with ethyl acetate (400 ml) . The extract waε washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on εilica gel (750 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractionε containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxγ-2-{2- (5-formylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidine (14.2 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.60 (4H, m) , 3.05 (3H, ε) , 3.50-3.65 (IH, m) , 3.90-4.50 (4H, m) , 4.55-4.70 (2H, m), 5.20-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) , 7.82 (2H, ε) , 9.87 (IH, s) Preparation 29-2) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(5-hydroxymethyl- imidazol-l-γl)ethyl}-4-methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (7.13 g) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 26-1) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.10 (2H, m) , 2.30-2.60 (2H, m), 3.03 (3H, s) , 3.45-3.65 (IH, m) , 3.90-4.15 (4H, m), 4.50-4.65 (4H, m) , 5.10-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (IH, m) , 6.83 (IH, ε), 7.47 (IH, broad s) Preparation 29-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(5-hydroxymethyl- imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methanesulfonγloxypyrrolidine (1.63 g) was reacted with thioacetic acid (0.65 ml) and potassium t-butoxide (0.978 g) in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 14-12) to give (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-4-aσetylthio-2-[2-(5-hydroxymethyl- imidazol-l-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (884 mg) as an orange paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.6-2.1 (2H, m) , 2.34 (3H, s), 2.4-2.6 (3H, m), 3.2-3.3 (IH, m) , 3.8-4.2 (5H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 4.62 (2H, s) , 5.1-5.3 (2H, m), 5.8-6.0 (IH, m), 6.94 (IH, br), 7.51 (IH, br ) Preparation 30-1) (2R,4R)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methaneεulfonyloxy-2-(2- methaneεulfonyloxyethyl)pyrrolidine (36.1 g) was reacted with 4-cyanoimidazole (10.0 g) and potasεium t-butoxide (12.0 g) in εubεtantially the same manner as Preparation 10-3) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(4- cyanoimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine (14.1 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.8-2.0 (2H, m) , 2.2-2.6 (2H, m), 3.05 (3H, ε), 3.5-3.6 (IH, m) , 3.9-4.2 (4H, m), 4.6-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.2-5.4 (3H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m), 7.5-7.7 (2H, m) Preparation 30-2) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(4-cyanoimidazol-l- yl)ethyl]-4-methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (13.4 g) waε reacted with thioacetic acid (5.46 ml) and potaεsium t-butoxide (8.17 g) in substantially the same manner as Preparation 4-12) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4- acetylthio-2-[2-(4-cγanoimidazol-l-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (12.5 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.5-1.8 (IH, m) , 1.9-2.1 (IH, m), 2.3-2.6 (2H, m) , 2.35 (3H, s), 3.2-3.3 (IH, m), 3.8-4.3 (5H, m) , 4.59 (2H, d, J=5.6Hz), 5.2-5.4 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 7.59 (2H, br) Preparation 31-1) A mixture of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t- butyldimethylεilyloxy)-2-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)- pyrrolidine (10.0 g) and 1,2,4-triazole sodium salt (2.45 g) in dimethylformamide (50 ml) was εtirred at 60°C for 3.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was quenched by the addition of water (100 ml) and extracted with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (2:1, 50 ml x 4) . The combined extract was washed with water (400 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave (2R,4R)-l-allγloxy- carbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-[2-(1,2,4- triazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (8.82 g) as a light brown paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 0.05 (6H, s), 0.86 (9H, ε), 1.5-2.4 (4H, m) , 3.3-4.6 (2H, m) , 3.9-4.3 (4H, m) , 4.5-4.6 (2H, m) , 5.1-5.3 (4H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m), 7.9-8.2 (2H, m) Preparation 31-2) (2R,4R)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butγldimethyl- silyloxy)-2-[2-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (8.74 g) waε deεilylated in the same manner aε Preparation 4-10) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-4-hydroxγ-2-[2-(l,2,4- triazol-1-yl)ethylIpyrrolidine (5.89 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.0-2.2 (2H, m), 2.3-2.5 (IH, m) , 2.74 (IH, br), 3.3-3.8 (2H, m), 4.0-4.5 (4H, m) , 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 5.2-5.3 (2H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (IH, m) , 7.9-8.2 (2H, m) Preparation 31-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxγcarbonyl-4-hydroxγ-2-[2-(1,2,4- triazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.82 g) was reacted with triphenylphosphine (8.62 g) , diethyl azodicarboxylate (5.17 ml) and thiobenzoic acid (4.64 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (58 ml) in the same manner as Preparation 3-6) to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(1,2,4- triazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (7.92 g) as a yellow paste. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.6-2.7 (4H, ) , 3.32 (IH, dd, J=6.8Hz, 11.3Hz), 4.0-4.4 (5H, m) , 4.5-4.7 (4H, m), 5.2-5.4 (4H, m) , 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.4-8.3 (7H, m) Preparation 32-1) To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-4- methaneεulfonyloxy-2-[2-(4-cyanoimidazol-l-yl)ethyl]- pyrrolidine (24.8 g) in dimethyl εulfoxide (100 ml) were added potasεium carbonate (1.86 g) and 30% hydroperoxide aqueous solution (9.92 ml) at ambient temperature and the mixture was stirred at 60°C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous sodium chloride (400 ml) and extracted four times with a mixture of ethyl acetate (100 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (100 ml). The extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The reεidue waε chromatographed on silica gel (300 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (14:1, V/V). The fractions containing the deεired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-2-[2-(4-carbamoylimidazol-l-γl)ethyl]-4- methaneεulfonyloxypyrrolidine (11.54 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.75-2.05 (2H, m) , 2.25-2.55 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, ε), 3.45-3.65 (IH, m) , 3.90-4.20 (4H, m), 4.61 (2H, broad d, J=5.53Hz), 5.15-5.40 (3H, m), 5.80-6.10 (2H, m) , 7.02 (IH, broad s), 7.35-7.55 (IH, m) , 7.64 (IH, broad ε) APCI Mass : 387 (M + +l) Preparation 32-2) To a solution of potassium t-butoxide- (5.14 g) i N,N-dimethylformamide (50 ml) was added dropwise thiobenzoic acid (5.39 ml) at -10°C and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes under ice-cooling. To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(4-carbamoylimidazol-l- yl)ethyl]-4-methanesulfonγloxypyrrolidine (11.8 g) in N,N-dimethγlformamide (55 ml) was added the solution obtained above and the mixture was εtirred at 85-90°C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (400 ml) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate (200 ml) . The extract was waεhed with εaturated aqueouε εodium chloride, dried over anhydrouε magneεium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (300 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(4-carbamoylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl]pyrrolidine (6.38 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.65-1.90 (IH, m) , 1.90-2.20 (IH, m), 3.34 (IH, dd, J=6.23Hz, 11.1Hz), 3.95-4.30 (5H, m), 4.60 (2H, d, J=5.58Hz), 5.15-5.40 (2H, m), 5.80-6.10 (2H, m) , 7.04 (IH, broad s) , 7.40-7.65 (5H, m) , 7.85-7.95 (2H, m) Preparation 33-1) To a solution of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazole (3.14 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (60 ml) was added potaεεium t-butoxide (3.23 g) with stirring under ice-cooling and the mixture was εtirred for 10 minuteε at the εame temperature. The εolution was added to a εolution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(methane- εulfonyloxy)ethyl}-4-tritγlthiopyrrolidine (12.23 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (60 ml) with εtirring at ambient temperature and the mixture waε εtirred at 50-60°C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water (200 ml) and extract three times with ethyl acetate (100 ml). The extract was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (400 g) eluting with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (1:2, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4S)-1- " allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol- l-yl}ethyl-4-tritγlthiopyrrolidine trifluoroacetate (11.21 g ) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.30-1.70 (2H, m) , 2.10-2.40 (2H, m), 3.45-3.90 (3H, m) , 4.00-4.15 (2H, m) , 4.35-4.70 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.70-6.00 (IH, m), 7.00-7.55 (17H, m) Preparation 33-2) To a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2- (2,3-dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl}ethyl-4- tritylthiopyrrolidme (11.2 g) in dichloromethane (40 ml) were succesεively added trifluoroacetic acid (40 ml) and triethylεilane (4.12 ml) with εtirring under ice-cooling. The mixture waε εtirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The reεidue waε washed three times with hexane (50 ml) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on εilica gel (200 g) eluting with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (1:2, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo- [l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl}ethγl-4-mercaptopyrrolidine (4.82 g) El Mass : 322 (M + ) Preparation 34-1) (2R,4R)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methaneεulfonyloxy-2-[2- (l,2,3-triazol-l-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.0 g) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 10-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.91 (IH, br) , 2.09-2.23 (IH, m) , 2.41-2.61 (2H, m) , 3.07 (3H, s), 3.52-3.59 (IH, m), 3.96-4.14 (2H, m) , 4.46-4.53 (2H, m) , 4.59-4.61 (2H, m) , 5.19-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.84-6.03 (IH, m), 7.70 (IH, ε) , 8.01 (IH, s) Preparation 34-2) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonγl-4-acetylthio-2-[2-(1,2,3- triazol-l-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (3.39 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 4-12). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.63 (IH, br) , 2.04-2.22 (IH, m) , 2.34 (3H, s), 2.51 (2H, br) , 3.15-3.25 (IH, m) , 3.80-3.97 (2H, m) , 4.06-4.15 (IH, m) , 4.44-4.51 (2H, m), 4.56-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.19-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.83-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.70 (IH, ε), 7.73 (IH, br) Preparation 35-1) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-methaneεulfonyloxy-2- [2-(pyrazol-l-γl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (4.24 g) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 10-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.81 (IH, br) , 2.01-2.15 (IH, br) , 2.25-2.49 (2H, br) , 3.04 (3H, s), 3.50-3.57 (IH, br), 3.92-4.22 (4H, m) , 4.60 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz), 5.14-5.35 (3H, ) , 5.84-6.03 (IH, m) , 6.25 (IH, t, J=1.9Hz), 7.41-7.53 (2H, m) Preparation 35-2) (2R,4S)-l-Allγloxycarbonyl-4-acetylthio-2-[2- (pyrazol-l-γl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (8.45 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 14-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.51 (IH, br), 1.98-2.19 (IH, m) , 2.32 (3H, s), 2.47 (3H, br) , 3.07-3.22 (IH, m) , 3.77-3.99 (2H, m) , 4.04-4.24 (3H, m) , 4.56-4.60 (2H, m), 5.18-5.34 (2H, m) , 5.83-6.02 (IH, m) , 6.24 (IH, t, d=2.0Hz), 7.48 (2H, br) Preparation 36 To a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)- pyrrolidine (63 g) and 4-formylimidazole (17.8 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (300 ml) was added potassium tert-butoxide (20.8 g) by portions. Then, the mixture was stirred at 45°C for 2 hours. Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue, which was dissolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate (1.5 I ) and water (200 ml). The organic layer was separated, washed in turn with IN hydrochloric acid (100 ml) and brine (300 ml x 3), and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave an oil, which was chromatographed on silica gel (2 I ) eluting with a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:2 to 0:1). The former active fractionε were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl- 4-tert-butyldimethylsilγloxy-2-{2-(5-formylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidine (14.9 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02 (6H, s), 0.80 (9H, s), 1.70-2.30 (4H, m), 3.30-3.60 (2H, m) , 3.95-4.10 (IH, ), 4.20-4.40 (3H, m) , 4.50-4.55 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.30 (2H, m), 5.78-6.27 (IH, m) , 7.61-7.78 (2H, ), 9.68 (IH, s) The latter active fractionε were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl- 4-tert-butyldimethγlεilγloxγ-2-{2-(4-formylimidazol-1-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidine (22.4 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.02 (6H, ε) , 0.80 (9H, ε) , 1.50-1.70 (IH, m), 1.79-2.00 (2H, m) , 2.10-2.30 (IH, m), 3.28-3.55 (2H, m) , 3.90-4.10 (2H, m) , 4.25-4.36 (IH, m) , 4.53-4.57 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.30 (2H, m), 5.79-6.00 (IH, m) , 7.50-7.75 (2H, m) , 9.81 (IH, m) Preparation 37-1) To a solution of diethyl carbamoylmethylphosphonate (12.7 g) and potassium tert-butoxide (13.9 g) in tetrahydrofuran (400 ml) were added a solution of (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy- 2-{2-(4-formγlimidazol-l-yl)ethγl}pyrrolidine (24 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) at 45°C. After εtirring for 1 hour, to the reaction mixture were added water (3 ml) . Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue, which waε diεεolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate (500 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic layer waε εeparated, waεhed in turn with water (50 ml x 2) and brine (50 ml x 2), and dried over magneεium εulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave an oil, which was chromatographed on silica gel (500 ml) eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (10:1) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-4-tert-butγl- dimethylεilγloxy-2-[2-{4-(2-carbamoylethenyl)imidazol- 1-yl}ethyl]pyrrolidine (13.87 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.38 (6H, ε), 0.85 (9H, ε) , 1.50-1.75 (IH, m) , 1.80-2.10 (2H, m) , 2.17-2.35 (IH, m), 3.33-3.50 (2H, m) , 3.90-4.20 (3H, m) , 4.30-4.35 (IH, m) , 4.50-4.61 (2H, m) , 5.18-5.34 (2H, m), 5.57 (2H, br ε), 5.83-6.02 (IH, m) , 6.61 (IH, d, J=15.2Hz), 7.11 (IH, br ε), 7.50 ( IH, d, J=15 . 0Hz ) , 7 . 51 ( IH, br ε ) Preparation 37-2) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxγcarbonyl-2-[2-{4-(2-carbamoyl- ethenyl)imidazol-l-yl}ethyl]-4-hydroxypyrrolidine waε obtained in 96.0% yield in substantially the same manner aε that of Preparation 2-2). NMR (CDCl 3 -MeOD, δ) : 1.60-2.50 (4H, m) , 3.35-3.70 (2H, m), 3.90-4.20 (3H, m) , 4.37 (IH, br ε), 4.56-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.40 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.03 (IH, m), 6.57 (IH, d, J=15.4Hz), 7.16 (IH, br s), 7.42 (IH, d, J=15.47Hz), 7.57 (IH, br s) Preparation 37-3) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxγcarbonyl-2-[2-{4-(2-carbamoγl- ethenyl)imidazol-l-yl}ethγl]-4-methaneεulfonyloxy- pyrrolidine was obtained in 72.4% yield in subεtantially the εame manner aε that of Preparation 2-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.86-2.05 (2H, m) , 2.30-2.50 (2H, m), 3.04 (3H, s), 3.50-3.60 (IH, m) , 4.04 (4H, ), 4.59-4.63 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.67 (2H, br s), 5.80-6.04 (IH, m) , 6.63 (IH, d, J=15.2Hz), 7.13 (IH, br ε), 7.50 (IH, d, J=15.0Hz), 7.53 (IH, br ε) Preparation 37-4) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-{4-(2- carbamoylethenyl)imidazol-1-yl}ethyl]pyrrolidine waε obtained in 88% yield in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 19-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.70-2.70 (4H, m) , 3.29-3.38 (IH, m), 4.00-4.26 (5H, m) , 4.58-4.62 (2H, m) , 5.22-5.37 (2H, m) , 5.64 (2H, br s), 5.84-6.04 (IH, m), 6.63 (IH, d, J=15.2Hz), 7.14 (IH, br ε), 7.40-7.94 (7H, m) Preparation 38-1) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-tert-butyldimethyl- εilyloxy-2-[2-{5-(2-carbamoylethenyl)imidazol-1-yl}- ethyl]pyrrolidine was obtained in 76.0% yield in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 37-1). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.38 (6H, s), 0.85 (9H, s) , 1.55-1.70 (IH, m), 1.80-2.05 (2H, ) , 2.10-2.20 (IH, m), 3.30-3.50 (2H, m), 3.95-4.10 (3H, m) , 4.27-4.32 (IH, m) , 4.50-4.55 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.30 (2H, m), 5.75-6.00 (IH, m) , 6.34 (IH, d, J=15.9Hz), 7.31-7.54 (3H, m) Preparation 38-2) (2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{5-(2-carbamoyl- ethenyl)imidazol-l-yl}ethyl]-4-hydroxypyrrolidine was obtained in 82% yield in εubstantially the same manner as that of Preparation 37-2). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.60-2.40 (4H, m) , 3.05 (IH, br ε), 3.40-3.70 (2H, m), 4.00-4.10 (3H, m) , 4.37 (IH, br s), 4.55-4.60 (2H, m) , 5.15-5.35 (2H, m) , 5.80-6.02 (IH, m), 6.22 (IH, br s), 6.64 (IH, d, J=15.35Hz), 7.15 (IH, br ε), 7.35 (IH, s), 7.44 (IH, d, J=14.92Hz), 7.50-7.64 (IH, m) Preparation 38-3) {2R,4R)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{5-(2-carbamoyl- ethenyl)imidazol-1-yl}ethyl]-4-methanesulfonyloxy- pyrrolidine was obtained in 27.5% yield in substantially the same manner as that of Preparation 37-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.80-2.04 (2H, m) , 2.25-2.60 (2H, ), 3.05 (3H, ε), 3.50-3.65 (IH, m) , 3.90-4.20 (4H, m), 4.60-4.63 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.40 (3H, m) , 5.83-6.03 (IH, m) , 6.37 (IH, d, J=15.88Hz), 7.41 (IH, s), 7.48 (IH, d, J=15.80Hz), 7.61 (IH, s) Preparation 38-4) (2R,4S)-l-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-{5-(2- carbamoylethenyl)imidazol-l-yl}ethyl]pyrrolidine was obtained in 90.9% yield in εubεtantially the εame manner aε that of Preparation 37-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.67-1.80 (IH, m) , 1.99-2.18 (IH, m), 2.35-2.80 (2H, m) , 3.25-3.40 (IH, m) , 4.00-4.30 (5H, m), 4.58-4.62 (2H, m) , 5.20-5.35 (2H, ), 5.83-6.03 (IH, m) , 6.41 (IH, d, J=15.8Hz), 7.30-8.00 (8H, m) Preparation 39 To a solution of diethyl l-ethoxycarbdnyl-1,4- dihydropyridine 4-phosphonate (0.75 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) were added n-butyllithium (1.66N in n-hexane solution) (1.56 ml) at -60°C. After stirring at -70°C for 1 hour, to the mixture was added a solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2- (iodomethyl)pyrrolidine (1.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran at -60°C. After εtirring at 0°C for 20 minuteε, to the mixture was added n-butyllithium (3.12 ml) at -70°C. And the mixture was warmed to 0°C slowly, quenched by water (20 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml x 3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. Obtained residue was chromatographed on silica gel (70 ml) eluting with a mixture of N-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-(4- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidine (270 mg) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, s), 0.83 (9H, s), 1.6-2.0 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.0-3.5 (3H, m) , 4.1-4.4 (2H, m), 4.6-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (2H, m), 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.0-7.2 (2H, m) , 8.5-8.6 (2H, m) Preparation 40 To a solution of diethyl l-ethoxycarbonyl-1,4- dihydropyridine-4-phoεphonate (24 g) in tetrahydrofuran (160 ml) were added n-butyllithium (1.66N in n-hexane εolution) (50 ml) at -50°C. After εtirring at -70°C for 30 minuteε, to the mixture was added a solution of (2S,4R)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-4-t-butyldimethylεilyloxy-2- formylpyrrolidine (20 g) in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) at -50°C. After stirring at -70°C for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature slowly. After stirring at room temperature for 8 hours, the mixture was quenched with water (200 ml), extracted with ethyl acetate (400 ml, 200 ml x 2). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. Obtained residue was chromatographed on εilica gel (880 ml), eluting with a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1) to give (2R,4R)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-4-t-butyldimethylεilyloxy-2-(4-pyridylmethyl)- pyrrolidine (25.44 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 0.00 (6H, s) , 0.83 (9H, s), 1.6-2.0 (2H, m) , 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.0-3.5 (3H, m) , 4.1-4.4 (2H, m), 4.6-4.7 (2H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (2H, m), 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.0-7.2 (2H, m) , 8.5-8.6 (2H, m) Preparation 41-1) l-{(2S,4R)-l-Benzyl-4-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(3-pyridyl)methanol waε obtained in 74% yield in subεtantially the εame manner aε that of Preparation 15-1) . NMR (D 2 0, δ) : -0.07-0 (6H, m) , 0.79 (4.5H, ε) , 0.84 (4.5H, s), 1.1-2.5 (3H, m) , 2.8-3.8 (4H, m) , 4.0-4.9 (2H, m), 7.2-7.4 (6H, ) , 7.6-8.6 (3H, m) Preparation 41-2) l-{(2S,4R)-1-Allyloxycarbonyl-4-(t-butyldimethyl- silyloxy)pyrrolidin-2-yl}-l-(3-pyridyl)methanol was obtained in 53% yield in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Preparation 15-2). NMR (D 2 0, δ) : -0.03-0.02 (6H, m) , 0.83 (9H, s), 1.5-2.1 (3H, m), 2.5-3.1 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.7 (2H, ), 4.0-4.5 (2H, m) , 4.6-4.8 (2H, m) , 5.1-5.4 (2H, m), 5.8-6.1 (IH, m) , 7.2-7.4 (IH, m) , 7.6-7.8 (IH, m), 8.5-8.7 (2H, m) - continued on the next page - , . n - 140 - Example 1-1) A solution of (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-3-[(2S,4S)-2-{(E)-2-(l-methyl-3-pyridinio)vinγl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene- 2-carboxylic acid iodide (1.11 g) , 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.9 g) , 0.1M phosphoric acid buffer (pH=6.5 50 ml) and water (50 ml) was stirred for 4 hourε under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at ambient temperature. After the catalyst was filtered off, the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin "Diaion HP-20" (40 ml) elution in turn with water (120 ml) and 5% aqueouε acetone (240 ml) . The fractionε containing the desired -compound were collected and evaporated to give a residue (30 ml). The residue was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 ( Cl type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haaε Co., Ltd.) (10 ml) eluting with water (70 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(1-methyl-3-pyridinio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene- 2-carboxylic acid chloride (492 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 1740-1735, 1570-1550 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.19Hz), 1.31 (3H, d, J=6.35Hz), 1.70-1.85 (IH, m) , 2.15-2.36 (2H, m) , 2.76-3.06 (3H, m) , 3.35-3.50 (3H, m) , 3.67-3.89 (2H, m), 3.99-4.09 (IH, m) , 4.22-4.29 (2H, m) , 4.39 (3H, ε), 8.00 (IH, dd, J=6.22Hz, J=8.00Hz), 8.45 (IH, d, J=8.19Hz), 8.67 (IH, d, J=6.07Hz), 8.76 (IH, ε) FAB Mass : 432.2 (M + ) Example 1-2) A solution of (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,4S)-2-[(Z)-2-{l-(N,N- dimethylcarbamoylmethyl)-3-pyridinio}vinyl]pyrrolidin-4- yl] hio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- Λ - 141 - [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (490 mg) and 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.5 g) in phosphoric ac buffer (pH=6.5) (30 ml) was stirred for 4 hours under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at ambient temperature. After the catalyst was filtered off, the filtrate waε evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin "Diaion HP-20" (40 ml) eluting i turn with water (120 ml) and 5% aqueouε acetone (240 ml). The fractionε containing the deεired compound were collect and evaporated in vacuo. The reεulting residue (30 ml) wa passed through ion exchange resin, "Amberlist A-26 ( C ~ type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.)" eluting with water (150 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-2-[ (2R,4S)-2-[2-{1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 3-pyridinio}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxy¬ ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride (148 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 1730, 1650-1630, 1580-1540, 1140 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.19Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.36Hz), 1.65-1.85 (IH, m) , 2.15-2.35 (2H, m) , 2.78-3.00 (IH, m), 2.98-3.05 (IH, m) , 3.02 (3H, s), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.30-4.35 (8H, m) , 5.72 (2H, s), 8.08 (IH, dd, J=6.12Hz, J=8.06Hz), 8.51-8.75 (3H, m) FAB Maεs : 503.2 (M + ) Example 2-1) To a solution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3- {(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (1.96 g) in ethyl acetate (20 ml) was added rhodium(II) octanoate (52 mg) under refluxing in a stream of nitrogen. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was disεolved in acetonitrile (20 ml) and cooled at 0~5°C under atmoεphere of nitrogen. To the solution were added diphenyl , A , - 142 - phosphorochloridate (1.45 ml) and N,N-diisopropyl-N- ethylamine (1.27 ml) successively and the mixture was stirred at the same condition for 3 hourε. On the other hand, to a solution of (2R,4S)-4- acetylthio-l-allyloxγcarbonγl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]- pyrrolidine (3.11 g) in a mixture of acetonitrile (30 ml) was added dropwise 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (1.79 ml) at -20 ~ -10°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was added to the solution described above with stirring under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture were added ethyl acetate (100 ml) and water (50 ml) with stirring. The organic layer was separated, washed twice with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and acetone (4:1, V/V) . The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(pγridin-3- yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.84 g). IR (Neat) : 1760, 1690, 1405, 1325, 1215, 1120 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.18Hz), 1.33 (3H, d, J=6.23Hz), 1.65-2.10 (2H, m) , 2.20-2.90 (6H, m), 3.15-3.70 (4H, m) , 3.85-4.45 (4H, m) , 4.50-4.90 (4H, m) , 5.20-5.55 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (2H, m), 7.15-7.35 (IH, m) , 7.55 (IH, broad s), 8.44 (2H, broad s) Example 2-2) To a solution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3- {(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (9.35 g) in ethyl acetate (94 ml) waε added rhodium(II) octanoate (123 mg) and the εolution waε refluxed for 30 minutes. The solvent waε evaporated and the reεidue waε dissolved in acetonitrile (94 ml). To the solution was added succeεsively diphenyl phosphorochloridate (7.23 ml), N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine (6.35 ml) and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (39 mg) under ice-bath cooling and the solution was εtirred for 4 hourε. On the other hand, to a εolution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[3-(imidazol- 1-yl)propyl]pyrrolidine (15.2 g) in methanol was added 28% sodium methoxide-methanol εolution (7.92 ml) dropwise under ice-bath cooling and the solution was εtirred at the εame temperature for 2 hourε. The reaction mixture waε quenched by the addition of acetic acid (2.18 ml). Then N,N-dimethylacetamide (20 ml) waε added and the mixture waε concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diεεolved in ethyl acetate and washed with brine (50 ml x 2), then dried over magnesium sulfate. To the solution was added N,N-dimethylacetamide (20 ml) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was disεolved in acetonitrile (94 ml). To the former εolution were added successively the latter solution and diisopropylethylamine (6.62 ml) dropwiεe under ice-bath cooling and the εolution waε allowed to stand in a refrigerator for 12 hours. To the reaction mixture waε added ethyl acetate (200 ml) and the εolution was washed with water (200 ml x 2), and brine (200 ml x 2) . The aqueous waεhingε were extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml x 1) and the organic layer waε washed with brine (100 ml x 1). The organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium εulfate. After evaporation of the solvent, the reεidue was chromatographed on a 290 g of silica gel eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and acetone (1:1, V/V) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{3-(imidazol-l-yl)propyl}pyrrolidin-4- γl]thio-6-[(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (10.4 g) as a pale yellow solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.46-2.65 (7H,- m) , 3.06-3.66 (4H, m), 3.80-4.33 (6H, m) , 4.56-4.86 (4H, m) , 5.22-5.49 (4H, m) , 5.90-6.04 (2H, m) , 6.91 (IH, s), 7.06 (IH, s), 7.49 (IH, ε) Example 2-3) To a εolution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3- {(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (3.76 g) in ethyl acetate (38 ml) waε added rhodium(II) octanoate (50 mg) under stirring at ambient temperature in a stream of nitrogen. The mixture waε refluxed for 30 minuteε. The εolution waε cooled to ambient temperature and evaporated in vacuo to give a reεidue. The reεidue waε diεεolved in acetonitrile (38 ml). To the εolution were added diphenyl phosphorochloridate (2.78 ml) and N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine (2.45 ml) εuccessively at 0-5°C under εtirring and the εolution waε εtirred at the εame temperature for 3 hourε. On the other hand, to a εolution of (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-4-acetylthio-2-[2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]- pyrrolidine (4.54 g) in a mixture of methanol (45 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (45 ml) waε added dropwiεe 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (2.97 ml) under ice-cooling with stirring and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture waε added acetic acid (0.80 ml) and the solution was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was disεolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer waε waεhed with brine, dried over anhydrouε magneεium εulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a reεidue. The reεidue waε diεsolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (38 ml). Thiε εolution and N,N-diiεopropyl-N-ethγlamine (2.67 ml) were εucceεεively added to the solution described above with εtirring under ice-cooling and the solution was allowed to stand in a refrigerator for 12 hourε. The solution was poured into water and extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran (1:1, V/V). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (20:1, V/V) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(imidazol- l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hγdroxyethyl]- 4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate (4.74 g). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.59 (IH, br), 1.96 (IH, br), 2.48 (3H, br), 3.21-3.30 (3H, m) , 3.54-3.61 (IH, m) , 4.04 (4H, br), 4.21-4.28 (2H, m) , 4.58-4.88 (4H, m), 5.23-5.49 (4H, m) , 5.84-6.04 (2H, m) , 6.98 (IH, br), 7.07 (IH, s), 7.52 (IH, s) Example 2-4) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (pyridin-4-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (1.45 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3-{ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl}-4- oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (2.94 g) with rhodium(II) octanoate (39 mg) and then successively with diphenyl phosphorochloridate (2.17 ml) and (2R,4S)-1- allγloxycarbonyl-4-acetγlthio-2-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]- pyrrolidine (4.35 g) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 2-1). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.27 (3H, d, J=7.1Hz) , 1.36 (3H, d. J=6.2Hz), 1.65-1.98 (2H, m) , 2.34-2.69 (4H, m) , 3.20-3.39 (2H, ) , 3.59-3.81 (2H, m) , 3.97-4.27 (4H, m), 4.57-4.88 (4H, m), 5.10-5.49 (4H, m) , 5.83-6.06 (2H, m) , 7.16 (2H, br) 8.48 (2H, d, J=5.8Hz) Example 2-5) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2- (pyridin-2-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (2.53 g) waε obtained by reacting allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4- oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (3.0 g) with rhodium(II) octanoate (79 mg) and then successively with diphenyl phosphorochloridate (2.21 ml) and (2R,4S)-l-allyloxγ- carbonγl-4-acetylthio-2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (4.41 g) in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 2-1) . IR (Neat) : 1760, 1690, 1595, 1540 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.18Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.26Hz), 1.60-2.90 (10H, m) , 3.10-4.40 (8H, m) , 4.56 (2H, d, J=5.51Hz), 4.60-4.90 (2H, m) , 5.10-5.55 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.05 (2H, m) , 7.05-7.30 (2H, m), 7.61 (IH, dt, J=1.83Hz, J=7.67Hz), 8.51 (IH, d, J=4.07Hz) Example 2-6) To a solution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3- {(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (2.15 g) in ethyl acetate (22 ml) was added rhodium(II) octanoate (57 mg) under refluxing in a stream of nitrogen. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (22 ml) and cooled at 0-5°C under atmosphere of nitrogen. To the solution was added diphenyl phosphorochloridate (1.59 ml) and N,N-diisopropγl-N- ethylamine (1.40 ml) succesεively and the mixture waε εtirred at the same condition for 3 hours. On the other hand, to a solution of (2R,4S)-4- acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(l-methylimidazol-2- yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (3.19 g) in acetonitrile (32 ml) was added dropwise 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (1.82 ml) at -10 - 0°C and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture and N,N-dimethylacetamide (10 ml) were added to the solution described above with stirring under ice-cooling. The mixture was εtirred at the εame temperature for 2 hourε. To the reaction mixture were added ethyl acetate (100 ml) and water (50 ml) with stirring. The organic layer waε εeparated, waεhed twice with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrouε magneεium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue waε chromatographed on silica gel (200 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (19:1, V/V). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3- [ (2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (2.11 g). IR (Neat) : 1760, 1700, 1680, 1540 cm "1 ■NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.22Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.23Hz), 2.10-2.80 (5H, m) , 3.05-3.55 (4H, m), 3.59 (3H, s), 3.80-4.35 (4H, m) , 4.45-4.90 (4H, m), 5.10-5.50 (4H, m) , 5.75-6.05 (2H, m) , 6.80 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.90 (IH, d, J=l.2Hz) Example 3-1) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.83 g) in acetone (10 ml) was added iodoacetamide (1.87 g) with stirring and then the mixture waε allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture waε evaporated in vacuo and dried in vacuo for 1 hour to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(l- carbamoylmethyl-3-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (3.55 g) . This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 3-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonγl-2-{3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl}pyrrolidin-4- γl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxγethγl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (4.00 g) in acetone (20 ml) was added methyl iodide (4.57 ml) at room temperature and the solution was allowed to stand overnight. The solvent waε evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{3-(3- methyl-l-imidazolio)propyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlate iodide (5.01 g) aε a yellow εolid. Thiε compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 3-3) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{3- (3-carbamoylmethyl-l-imidazolio)propyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (8.16 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allγloxycarbonγl-2-{3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (4.86 g) with iodoacetamide (3.30 g) in acetone (24 ml) in εubεtantially the εame manner as that of Example 3-1). Example 3-4) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyl- oxycarbonyl-2-{2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (6.94 g) in acetone (35 ml) was added methyl iodide (8.14 ml) with εtirring at ambient temperature and then allowed to εtand overnight at the εame temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-2-{2-(3-methγl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (8.80 g) . This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 3-5) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (3-carbamoylmethyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.72 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(imidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethγl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (0.84 g) with iodoacetamide (0.88 g) in acetone (4 ml) in subεtantially the same manner as that of Example 3-1). Example 3-6) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (l-carbamoylmethyl-4-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio- 6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.94 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]-pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxγethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate (1.45 g) with iodoacetamide (1.49 g) in acetone (7.3 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 3-1) . Example 3-7) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2- [1-(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl}-3-pyridinio]ethyl]- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (4.77 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3- [(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (3.35 g) in acetone (16 ml) in subεtantially the εame manner as that of Example 3-1) . This compound was immediately used as the εtarting compound for the next step. Example 3-8) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonγl-2-(2- (1-methyl-2-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.54 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (pyridin-2-yl)ethyl}pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (1.54 g) with methyl iodide (1.40 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 3-2). IR (Neat) : 1760, 1680, 1630, 1405 cm '1 This compound was immediately uεed as the starting compound for the next step. Example 3-9) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {2-(1-carbamoylmethyl-2-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.65 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.23 g) with 2-iodoacetamide (1.26 g) in acetone (6 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 3-1). This compound was immediately used as the stirring compound for the next step. Example 3-10) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)ethyl}- pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (3.58 g) in acetone (17 ml) waε added iodomethane (2.05 ml) with εtirring at ambient temperature and then allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and dried in vacuo for 1 hour to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3- [ (2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(1,3-dimethyl-2- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate iodide (3.68 g). This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 3-11) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l- allyloxycarbonyl-2- 2-(l-methylimidazol-2-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.04 g) in acetone (5 ml) was added iodoacetamide (1.06 g) with stirring at ambient temperature and then allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and dried in vacuo for 1 hour to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3- [(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(3-carbamoylmethyl-1- methyl-2-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l- hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.39 g) . IR (Neat) : 1750, 1700 (sh), 1680 cm '1 This compound was immediately uεed aε the starting compound for the next step. Example 4-1) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(l-carbamoylmethyl-3-pyridinio)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (3.55 g) , triphenylphosphine (88 mg), acetic acid (0.77 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (117 mg) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (25 ml) and ethanol (25 ml) was added dropwise tributyltin hydride (3.63 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring. The mixture waε εtirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitates were collected by filtration, waεhed with tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) , dried in vacuo and dissolved in water (50 ml). The solution was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 _ _ (trademark, made by Mitsubishi Chemical Industrieε) (100 ml) eluting in turn with water (300 ml) and 5% aqueous acetone (600 ml). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue (50 ml) was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 ( Cl~ type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (10 ml) eluting with water (150 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)- 6-[(lR)-l-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(l- carbamoylmethyl-3-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlic acid chloride (383 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 1740, 1690, 1580, 1380 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.12Hz), 1.26 (3H, d, J=6.3lHz), 1.70-1.90 (IH, m) , 2.10-2.50 (2H, m) , 2.70-2.95 (IH, ) , 2.95-4.35 (9H, ) , 5.52 (2H, s), 8.09 (IH, t, J=6.34Hz), 8.57 (IH, d, J=8.05), 8.71 (IH, d, J=6.01Hz), 8.78 (IH, ε) FAB Mass : 475.3 (M + ) Example 4-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{3-(3-methyl-l-imidazoliopropyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethγl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (5.10 g), triphenylphosphine (195 mg) , acetic acid (1.11 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium(O) (258 mg) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (51 ml) and ethanol (51 ml) was added tributyltin hydride (4.80 ml) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The precipitates were collected by filtration and washed well with tetrahydrofuran. The solid was dissolved in water (50 ml) and washed with ethyl acetate (50 ml x 2). The solution was concentrated to ca. 20 ml and chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (trademark, made by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries) (500 ml) eluting in turn with water and 6% aqueous acetonitrile. The fractions containing the deεired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The reεulting residue (30 ml) was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (CJl type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (25 ml) eluting with water (75 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give a solid. The solid was disεolved in pH standard buffer solution (pH=6.86, 20 ml). The solution was chromatographed on reversed-phase silica gel, chromatorex ODS (trademark, made by Fuji-Davison Chemical Ltd.) (200 ml) eluting with a mixture of pH standard buffer solution (pH=6.86) and acetonitrile (5:1, V/V) . The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue (20 ml) waε chromatographed on nonionic adεorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (200 ml) eluting in turn with water and 6% aqueous acetonitrile. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The reεulting residue (50 ml) waε adjuεted to pH 4.5 with IN hydrochloric acid and paεεed through ion exchange reεin, Amberliεt A-26 (Cl~ type) (25 ml) eluting with water (75 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-hγdroxγethyl]-4-methγl-3-[(2R,4S)- 2-{3-(3-methγl-l-imidazolio)propyl}pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio- 7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (2.05 g) as a white solid. IR (Nujol) : 1724, 1570 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.20 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.28 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.59-2.08 (5H, m) , 2.67-2.87 (IH, m), 3.35-3.48 (3H, m) , 3.59-3.77 (2H, m) , 3.89 (3H, s), 3.94-4.10 (IH, m) , 4.19-4.30 (4H, m), 7.45 (IH, d, J=1.7Hz), 7.49 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz), 8.75 (IH, s) Example 4-3 ) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{3-(3-Carbamoylmethyl-l- imidazolio)propyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (1.49 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {3-(3-carbamoylmethyl-l-imidazoliopropyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (crude 8.16 g) with triphenylphosphine (234 mg) , acetic acid (1.33 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (309 mg) and tributyltin hydride (5.76 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (65 ml) and ethanol (65 ml) ' in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-1). IR (Nujol) : 1740, 1680, 1560 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.60-2.10 (5H, m) , 2.71-2.87 (IH, m), 3.31-3.50 (3H, m) , 3.61-3.78 (2H, m) , 3.94-4.12 (IH, m) , 4.20-4.37 (4H, m) , 5.13 (2H, s), 7.53-7.55 (IH, m) , 7.59 (IH, d, J=1.7Hz), 8.92 (IH, s) Example 4-4) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (8.80 g) , triphenylphosphine (0.69 g) , acetic acid (4.50 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.60 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (88 ml) and ethanol (88 ml) was added tributylthin hydride (14.1 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitates were collected by filtration, washed with tetrahydrofuran and dried in vacuo. The solid was diεsolved in water (45 ml). The solution was adjusted to pH 6 with IN hydrochloric acid and chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (trademark, made by Mitεubishi Chemical Industrieε) (440 ml) eluting in turn with water and 5% aqueous acetone. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (Cl type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (44 ml) eluting with water. The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2- {2-(3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (3.49 g) . IR (Nujol) : 1744 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (IH, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (IH, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.65-1.79 (IH, m) , 2.41-2.52 (2H, m) , 2.72-2.79 (IH, m) , 3.34-3.50 (3H, m), 3.57-3.74 (2H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 4.02 (IH, br) , 4.21-4.40 (4H, m), 7.49 (IH, d, J=1.7Hz), 7.56 (IH, d, J=1.7Hz), 8.81 (IH, ε) Example 4-5) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(3-Carbamoylmethγl-l- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (0.23 g) waε obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl- 2-{2-(3-carbamoylmethyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pγrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hγdroxyethγl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.72 g) with triphenylphosphine (83 mg) , acetic acid (0.54 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (73 mg) and tributyltin hydride (1.70 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (11 ml) and ethanol (11 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-1). IR (Nujol) : 1865, 1745 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.69-1.83 (IH, m) , 2.41-2.63 (2H, m) , 2.72-2.87 (IH, m) , 3.34-3.50 (3H, m) , 3.65-3.83 (2H, ), 3.95-4.11 (IH, m) , 4.16-4.29 (2H, m) , 4.43 (2H, t, J=7.6Hz), 5.14 (2H, s), 7.60 (2H, d, J=14.5Hz), 8.98 (IH, s) FAB Mass : 464 (M + ) Example 4-6) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-{2-(1-carbamoylmethyl-4-pyridinio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene- 2-carboxylie acid chloride (309 mg) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2- {2-(1-carbamoylmethyl-4-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.94 g) with triphenylphoεphine (140 mg) , acetic acid (0.92 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (124 mg) and tributyltin hydride (2.88 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) and ethanol (15 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-1). IR (Nujol) : 1637, 1685, 1748 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.3Hz), 1.31 (3H, d, J=6.0Hz), 1.75-1.85 (IH, m) , 2.24-2.38 (2H, m) , 2.77-2.92 (IH, m) , 3.09-3.17 (2H, m) , 3.35-3.47 (2H, m), 3.67-3.91 (3H, m) , 4.05-4.26 (3H, m) , 5.48 (2H, s), 8.03 (2H, d, J=5.3Hz), 8.70 (2H, d, J=5.3Hz) FAB Mass : 475 (M + ) Example 4-7) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-Hγdroxγethγl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2- 1-{N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl}-3-pyridinio]ethyl]- pγrrolidin-4-γl]thio-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (1.38 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allγloxycarbonγl-2-[2-[1-{N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl- methyl}-3-pyridinio]ethyl]pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlate iodide (4.77 g) with triphenylphosphine (162 mg) , acetic acid (1.42 ml), tetrakis(triphenyl- phosphine)palladium(O) (286 mg) and tri-n-butylthin hydride (6.66 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) and ethanol (50 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-1) . IR (Nujol) : 1750-1720, 1670-1640 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.18Hz), 1.32 (3H, d, J=6.35Hz), 1.72-1.87 (IH, m) , 2.19-2.40 (2H, m) , 2.78-2.93 (IH, m) , 3.07 (2H, t, J=8.07Hz), 3.34-4.30 (12H, m) , 5.52 (2H, s), 8.11 (IH, d, J=6.15Hz, J=8.07Hz), 8.60 (IH, d, J=8.23Hz), 8.74 (IH, d, J=6.11Hz), 8.81 (IH, s) FAB Masε : 519.2 (M + ) Example 4-8) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-(2-(1-methyl-2-pyridinio)ethyl}pγrrolidin-4- yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (262 mg) waε obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(l-methyl-2- pyridinio)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hγdroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate iodide (1.54 g) with triphenylphoεphine (59 mg) , acetic acid (0.52 ml), tetrakiε(triphenylphoεphine)- palladium(O) (78 mg) and tri-n-butylthin hydride (2.42 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (16 ml) and ethanol (16 ml) in εubεtantially the εame manner aε that of Example 16-2). IR (Nujol) : 1740-1720, 1630-1610, 1580 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.20Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.35Hz), 1.70-1.95 (IH, m) , 2:25-2.55 (2H, m) , 2.80-3.00 (IH, m), 3.20-4.27 (11H, m) , 4.32 (IH, s), 7.90 (IH, t, J=6.48Hz), 7.98 (IH, d, J=8.02Hz), 8.47 (IH, t, J=7.23Hz), 8.75 (IH, d, J=6.12Hz) FAB Mass : 432.1 (M + ) Example 4-9) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-Hγdroxyethγl]-3-r(2R,4S)-2-{2- (l-carbamoylmethyl-2-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride (181 mg) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(1- carbamoylmethyl-2-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.65 g) with triphenylphosphine (60 mg) , acetic acid (0.52 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (79 mg) and tri-n-butylthin hydride (2.44 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (16 ml) and ethanol (16 ml) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-1). IR (Nujol) : 1750-1730, 1690, 1630, 1580 cm "1 NMR ( 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.09Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.32Hz), 1.60-1.90 (IH, m) , 2.20-2.60 (2H, m) , 2.65-4.30 (11H, m) , 5.20-5.70 (3H, m) , 7.95-8.15 (2H, m), 8.34 (IH, broad d, J=8.05Hz), 8.50-8.95 (2H, m) FAB Masε : 475.1 (M + ) Example 4-10) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (3.68 g) , triphenylphosphine (141 mg) , acetic acid (1.23 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium(O) (186 mg) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) and ethanol (40 ml) waε added dropwiεe tri-n-butylthin hydride (5.77 ml) at ambient temperature with εtirring. The mixture waε εtirred at the εame temperature for 30 minuteε. The resulting precipitates were collected by filtration, washed with tetrahydrofuran (60 ml), dried in vacuo and disεσlved in water (50 ml). The εolution waε chromatographed on nonionic adεorption reεin, Diaion HP-20 (trademark, made by Mitεubishi Chemical Industries) (100 ml) eluting in turn with water (200 ml) and 5% aqueous acetone (700 ml). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue (50 ml) was paεεed through ion exchange reεin, Amberlist A-26 (CA type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (20 ml) eluting with water (150 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give a solid. The solid waε diεεolved in pH standard buffer solution (pH=6.86, 20 ml). The solution was chromatographed on reversed-phase silica gel, chromatorex ODS (trademark, made by Fuji-Davison Chemical Ltd.) (100 ml) eluting with a mixture of pH εtandard buffer εolution (pH=6.86) and acetonitrile (5:1, V/V) . The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue (40 ml) was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (80 ml) eluting in turn with water (200 ml) and 5% aqueouε acetone (600 ml). The fractionε containing the deεired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue (50 ml) was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (CJl~ type) (20 ml) eluting with water (100 ml). The eluate waε lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(1,3-dimethyl-2- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (904 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 1740, 1580-1570, 1130 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.17Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.31Hz), 1.70-1.88 (IH, m) , 2.10-2.40 (2H, m) , 2.79-3.55 (6H, m) , 3.74 (IH, dd, J=6.75Hz, J=12.4Hz), 3.85 (6H, ε), 3.86-4.35 (4H, m) , 7.36 (2H, ε) FAB Mass : 435.2 (M + ) Example 4-11) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(3-carbamoylmethyl-l-methyl-2- imidazolio)ethyl}pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.39 g) , triphenylphosphine (50 mg) , acetic acid (0.44 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium(0) (66 mg) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (14 ml) and ethanol (14 ml) was added dropwise tri-n-butylthin hydride (2.05 ml) at ambient temperature with εtirring. The mixture waε εtirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitates were collected by filtration, washed with tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), dried in vacuo and dissolved in water (30 ml). The solution was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (trademark, made by Mitsubiεhi Chemical Induεtrieε) (50 ml) eluting in turn with water (100 ml) and 5% aqueouε acetone (500 ml). The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The reεulting reεidue (50 ml) waε paεsed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 ( Cl type, trade mark, made by Rohm and Haaε Co., Ltd.) (10 ml) eluting with water (150 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)- 2-{2-(3-carbamoylmethyl-l-methyl-2-imidazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (131 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 1740, 1685, 1580 cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.21Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.35), 1.65-1.85 (IH, m) , 2.00-2.35 (2H, ) , 2.75-3.50 (6H, m) , 3.71 (IH, dd, J=6.58Hz, J=12.5Hz), 3.91 (3H, s ) , 4.00-4.35 (3H, m) , 5.12 (2H, ε), 7.43 (IH, d, J=2.1Hz), 7.47 (IH, d, J=2.1Hz) FAB Maεs : 478.1 (M + ) Example 5 To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hγdroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.00 g) , triphenylphosphine (48 mg) , acetic acid (0.274 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium(O) (64 mg) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and ethanol (10 ml) waε added tributyltin hydride (1.19 ml) at room temperature and the εolution waε εtirred at the εame temperature for 30 minuteε. 50 ml of ethyl acetate waε added and the precipitates were collected by filtration. The solid was washed well with ethyl acetate. The solid was diεεolved in water (30 ml) and waεhed with ethyl acetate (20 ml x 2). The aqueouε εolution waε concentrated to ca. 10 ml and chromatographed on nonionic adεorption reεin, Diaion HP-20 (trademark, made by Mitεubishi Chemical Industries) (100 ml) eluting in turn with water and 10% aqueous acetonitrile. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo. The reεulting residue (20 ml) was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 ( Cl type, trademark, made by Rohm and Haaε Co., Ltd.) (5 ml) eluting with water (15 ml). The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{3- (imidazol-l-yl)propyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thid-4-methyl-7-oxo- l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (467 mg) as a light yellow solid. IR (Nujol) : 1740, 1570 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.56-1.98 (5H, m) , 2.68-2.84 (IH, m) , 3.33-3.53 (3H, m) , 3.60-3.69 (2H, m), 3.94-4.08 (IH, m) , 4.15-4.29 (4H, m) , 7.18 (IH, s), 7.30 (IH, s), 8.03 (IH, ε) Example 6-1) To a εolution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3- {(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoacetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (2.06 g) in ethyl acetate (20 ml) waε added rhodium (II) octanoate (27 mg) under stirring at ambient temperature. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (20 ml). To the solution were added diphenyl phosphorochloridate (1.53 ml) and N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine (1.34 ml) succeεεively at 0-5°C under stirring and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hourε. On the other hand, to a solution of (2S,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- (2-oxo-4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidine (3.24 g) in a mixture of methanol (32 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (35 ml) was added dropwise 28% sodium methoxide-methanol solution (1.93 ml) under ice cooling with stirring and the mixture was stirred a the εame temperature for 2=30 minuteε. To a reaction mixture waε εtirred a the same temperature for 30 minuteε. To a reaction mixture waε added acetic acid (0.57 ml) and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting reεidue waε diεεolved in a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer waε waεhed with brine, dried over anhydrous magneεium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give a residue. ' The residue was diεsolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (20 ml). This εolution and N,N-diiεopropyl-N-ethylamine (20 ml) were εucceεεively added to the solution described above with stirring under ice cooling and the mixture was allowed to stand in a refrigerator for 12 hours. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran (1:1 v/v). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrouε magneεium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (15:1 v/v) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-(2- oxo-4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.64 g) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.98 (3H, br) , 2.33 (3H, s), 2.43-2.65 (6H, m), 3.11 (2H, ε), 3.22-4.26 (11H, m) , 4.59-4.82 (4H, m) , 5.22-5.49 (4H, m) , 5.88-6.04 (2H, m) Example 6-2) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4- allyloxycarbonyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-γl)methylpyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate (1.99 g) waε obtained by reacting ally (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{(lR)-l-hγdroxγethyl}-4-oxoazet- idin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (1.28 g) with_fhodium (II) octanoate (17 mg) and then εuccessively with diphenyl phosphorochloridate (0.95 ml) and (2S,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4-allyloxycarb- onyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidine (2.41 g) in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 6-1). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ): 1.22-1.36 (6H, m) , 1.84-1.88 (IH, ), 2.47-2.62 (3H, m) , 3.23-3.70 (9H, m) , 4.10-4.27 (5H, m) , 4.58-4.80 (6H, m) , 5.21-5.49 (6H, m) , 5.87-6.07 (3H, ) Example 7-1) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2S,4S)-2-(4-methyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methγlpyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride (0.40 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl- 2-(4-methyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (0.80 g) with triphenylphosphine (75 mg) , acetic acid (0.49 ml), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (66 mg) and tributyltin hydride (1.53 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (16 ml) and ethanol (8 ml) in substantially the same manner aε that of Example 7-1). NMR (D 2 0, δ): 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.69-1.85 (IH, ) , 2.43 (3H, s), 2.54-2.96 (3H, m) , 3.24-3.76 (9H, m) , 3.96-4.06 (3H, m) , 4.20-4.28 (2H, m) Example 7-2) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-3-[ (2S,4S)-2-(2- oxopiperazin-1-yl)methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-4-methyl- 7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (0.54 g) was obtained by reacting allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2(4-allyloxy- carbonyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio- 6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.99 g) with triphenylphosphine (247 mg) , acetic acid (1.62 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (218 mg) and tributyltin hydride (5.08 ml) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) and ethanol (20 ml) in subεtantially the εame manner aε that of Example 7-1). IR (Nujol): 1752 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ): 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.66-1.82 (IH, m) , 2.66-2.81 (IH, m) , 3.06-3.14 (2H, m) , 3.21-3.67 (9H, m) , 3.93-4.04 (3H, m), 4.20-4.32 (2H, m) , FAB Maεs 425 (M + ) Example 8 To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,4S)-1-allyl¬ oxycarbonyl-2-(2-oxo-4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)methyl- pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate (0.838 g) in acetone (4 ml) was added methyl iodide (0.92 ml) with stirring at ambient temperature, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at he same temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-(4,4-dimethyl- 2-oxopiperazino)methγlpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.05 g) . This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 9 To a solution of ally ( 4R, 5S , 6S ) -3-[ ( 2S , 4S ) -l-allyl- oxycarbonyl-2- ( 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxopiperazino )methyl- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR) -1 -hydroxyethyl] -4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[ 3.2. 0 ]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide ( 1.05 g) , triphenylphosphine ( 78 mg) , acetic acid ( 0.51 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (69 mg) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and ethanol (10 ml) was added tri-butylthin hydride (1.60 ml) at ambient temperature with stirring and the mixture was εtirred at the εame temperature for 30 minutes, the resulting precipitates were collected by filtration, washed with tetrahydrofuran and dried in vacuo. The solid was dissolved in water (5 ml). The solution was adjusted to pH 6 with IN hydrochloric acid and chromatographed on nonionic adosorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitsubiεhi Chemical Industries) (50 ml) eluting in turn with water and 5% aqueous acetone. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (Cl~ Type, Trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co Ltd.) (2 ml) eluting with water. The eluate waε lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-piperazino)- methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (259 mg) . IR (Nujol): 1655, 1750 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ): 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.72-1.87 (IH, m) , 2.72-2.87 (IH, m) , 3.35-3.50 (10H, m) , 3.66-3.76 (2H, m) , 3.89-4.38 (10H, m) FAB Maεε 453 (M + ) Example 10 Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate (0.92 g) waε obtained in εubstantially the same manner as that of Example 2 from (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)- pyrrolidine (5.3 g) . IR (CHC1 3 ) : 3300, 1745, 1680 cm "1 Example 11 To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio- 6-[(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (0.92 g) in acetone (13.8 ml) was added iodomethane (1.09 ml) at room temperature. The mixture waε stirred for 5 days and then evaporated under reduced preεsure to give a residue containing allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{(1-methyl- 2-pyridinio)methyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlate iodide. The residue was treated in substantially the same manner as that of the latter part of Example 3-1) to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l- methyl-2-pyridinio)methylpyrrodidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (126 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 3600-3000, 1725, 1570, 1445 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.35-1.60 (0.5H, m) , 2.05-2.20 (IH, m), 2.55-2.85 (0.5H, m) , 2.90-3.10 (IH, m) , 3.20-3.50 (6H, m) , 3.60-4.05 (2H, m) , 4.20-4.30 (2H, m), 4.33 (3H, s), 7.90 (IH, dd, J=5.9 and 7.9Hz), 8.02 (IH, d, J=7.5Hz), 8.47 (IH, dd, J=7.5 and 7.9Hz), 8.75 (IH, d, J=5.9Hz) FAB Maεε : 418.2 (M-Cl) + Example 12 Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(3- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 10. IR (CHC1 3 , δ) : 3300, 1750, 1680 (cm "1 ) NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.1-2.6 (2H, m) , 2.8-3.0 (IH, m), 3.1-3.5 (4H, m) , 3.9-4.3 (3H, m), 4.6-5.0 (5H, m) , 5.2-5.6 (4H, m) , 5.8-6.1 (2H, m), 7.2-7.4 (IH, m) , 7.4-7.6 (IH, m) , 8.4-8.6 (IH, m) Example 13 (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-(1-Methyl-3-pyridiniomethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride was obtained in εubstantially the same manner as that of Example 11. IR (Nujol) : 1740 cm "1 ■ " ■ H-NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d,J=6.4Hz), 1.5-1.7 (IH, m) , 2.5-2.7 (IH, m) , 3.2-3.6 (5H, m), 3.7-4.0 (2H, m) , 4.1-4.3 (2H, m), 4.39 (3H, s), 8.02 (IH, dd, J=8.0 and 6.0Hz), 8.49 (IH, d, J=8.0Hz) , 8.72 (IH, d, J=6.0Hz), 8.80 (IH, s) Example 14-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(4- pyridylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxy- ethγl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate was obtained in 25% yield in subεtantially the same manner as that of Example 10. IR (CH 2 C1 2 ) : 3350, 1750, 1680 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.4Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.2-2.5 (IH, m) , 2.6-3.0 (2H, m) , 3.1-3.5 (4H, m) , 3.8-4.3 (4H, m) , 4.5-4.9 ( 4H, m) , 5.1-5 .5 ( 4H, m) , 5.8-6 .1 (2H, m) , 7.0-7.3 (2H, m) , 8 .4-8 .5 ( 2H, m) Example 14-2) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- (l-methγl-4-pγridiniomethγl)pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide was obtained quantitatively in εubstantially the same manner as that of Example 11. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 3300, 1740, 1680 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.0Hz), 1.31 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.5-2.7 (IH, m) , 3.1-3.8 (6H, m), 3.9-4.4 (4H, m) , ' 4.58 (3H, s), 4.5-4.9 (4H, m), 5.2-5.6 (4H, m) , 5.8-6.1 (2H, m), 7.93 (2H, d, J=6.5Hz), 9.11 (2H, d, J=5.9Hz) Example 14-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l-Methyl-4-pyridiniomethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride was obtained in 21% yield in substantially the same manner as that of Example 13. IR (Nujol) : 1740 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.1Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.4-1.6 (IH, m) , 2.5-2.7 (IH, m) , 3.0-4.0 (8H, m), 4.1-4.3 (2H, m) , 4.34 (3H, s), 7.96 (2H, d, J=6.0Hz), 8.68 (2H, d, J=6.6Hz) Masε (FAB + 1); 418 (M+l - HCl) Example 15-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2- (1-methylimidazol-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate waε obtained in 58.4% yield by the similar procedure as Example 10. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.82-2.54 (2H, ) , 2.54-2.78 (IH, m) , 2.78-3.04 (IH, m) , 3.19-3.62 (5H, m) , 3.62 (3H, s), 3.83-4.50 (4H, ) , 4.59-4.87 (4H, m) , 5.21-5.49 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.04 (IH, m) , 6.80 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 6.93 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz) FAB-Mass (m/z) : 531.3 (M + ) Example 15-2) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(l-methylimidazol-2-ylmethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.25 g) in acetone (12 ml) waε added methyl iodide (1.47 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 35 hours at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazoliomethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.49 g) as an amorphous solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.29 (3H, d, J=7.4Hz), 1.33 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.97-2.13 (IH, m) , 2.15-2.57 (IH, m) , 2.81-3.50 (IH, m), 3.22-3.53 (2H, m) , 3.62-3.81 (2H, m), 3.82-4.09 (2H, m) , 3.97 (6H, s), 4.10-4.28 (2H, m) , 4.28-4.60 (4H, m) , 4.60-4.87 (2H, m), 5.20-5.50 (4H, m) , 5.71-6.06 (2H, m) , 7.37 (2H, br s) FAB-Maεs 545.3 (MH + -MeI) Example 15-3) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazoliomethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.44 g) in tetrahydrofuran-ethanol (1:2, 27 ml) were added triphenylphosphine (142 mg) and morpholine (522 μl) , and then tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (125 mg) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 50 minutes. To the reaction mixture waε added THF (27 ml), and the precipitate waε collected by filtration. The precipitate waε poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water (H 2 0) , and adjuεted to pH 6.2 with lN-hydrochloric acid (HCl). The εeparated aqueouε layer waε waεhed with EtOAc, and traces of organic solvent in the aqueous layer was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The reεulting εolution waε paεεed through an ion exchange reεin, Amberliεt A-26 (Cl ~ type, Trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (8 ml) eluting with water. The eluate was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries) (240 ml) eluting in turn with water and 2 - 5% aqueous acetonitrile. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo, and then lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l,3- dimethyl-2-imidazoliomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (323 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 3600-3000, 1720, 1570, 1440 cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.1Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.30-1.54 (IH, m) , 2.49-2.70 (IH, m) , 2.94-3.12 (IH, m) , 3.12-3.60 (6H, m) , 3.70-3.94 (IH, m), 3.86 (6H, s), 4.12-4.37 (2H, m) , 7.37 (2H, s) FAB-Masε (m/z) : 421.3 (M-C1~) Example 16-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(1- methylpyrazol-4-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (12.8 g) was obtained by the similar procedure aε that of Example 10. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 3350, 1750, 1670, 1395, 1315 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.55-1.82 (2H, m) , 2.30-2.50 (IH, m) , 2.72-3.30 (5H, m) , 3.40-3.60 (IH, m) , 3.87 (3H, s), 3.88-4.32 (4H, ) , 4.54-4.90 (4H, m) , 5.20-5.52 (4H, m) , 5.87-6.07 (2H, m) , 7.16 (IH, s), 7.29 (IH, ε) APCI-Maεs (m/z) : 531 (MH + ) Example 16-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(l-methylpyrazol-4-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (8.9 g) in dichloromethane (180 ml) was added methyl triflate (2.09 ml) at 0°C. The mixture was εtirred for 10 minuteε at the same temperature and then for additional 2.5 hours at room temperature. Dichloromethane was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran- ethanol (1:2, 140 ml) . To the solution were added triphenylphosphine (1.76 g), and morpholine (3.67 ml), and then tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (1.55 g) at room temperature. After one hour the reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate (500 ml) and water (300 ml). The aqueous layer was separated and washed with dichloromethane (x 2). The aqueous solution waε adjusted to pH 6 with lN-hydrochlσric acid and chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, "Diaion HP-20" (1 I ) eluting in turn with water and 5% aqueous acetone. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was passed through ion exchange resin, "Amberlist A-26" (100 ml) eluting with water. The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(1,2-dimethγl-4-pyrazolio- methyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (5.0 g). NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.70-1.88 (IH, m) , 2.67-2.84 (IH, m) , 3.05-3.20 (2H, m) , 3.28-3.83 (4H, m) , 3.85-4.15 (2H, ), 4.10 (6H, s), 4.18-4.32 (2H, m) , 8.19 (2H, ε) APCI-Maεε (m/z) : 421 (M-Cl~) Example 17-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{(IR)-1- hydroxγethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (4.96 g) and (2R,4S)-4-acetγlthio-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-[2-(2- hydroxymethylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.93 g) were reacted in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 2-3) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2-hγdroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxγethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (5.06 g) as a light yellow solid. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 1766, 1685 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.5-2.7 (4H, ) , 3.1-4.3 (12H, m), 4.6-4.9 (6H, m) , 5.2-5.5 (4H, m) , 5.9-6.0 (2H, m), 6.9-7.1 (2H, m) Example 17-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-(2-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate (3.02 g) in acetone (15 ml) was added methyl iodide (3.36 ml) at room temperature and the solution was allowed to stand for 6 hours. The solvent was evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl- 2-{2-(2-hγdroxymethyl-3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (3.75 g) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the εtarting compound for the next εtep. Example 17-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-Hydroxymethγl-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (91 mg) was obtained in subεtantially the same manner as that of Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1755, 1585 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-4.5 (10H, m) , 3.92 (3H, ε), 4.94 (2H, d, J=13.3Hz), 7.5-7.6 (2H, m) Example 18-1) To a εolutiσn of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3- {(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (7.44 g) in ethyl acetate (74 ml) was added rhodium(II) octanoate under stirring at room temperature in a stream of nitrogen. The solution was refluxed for 30 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. After evaporation of the solvent, the reεidue was dissolved in acetonitrile (74 ml). To the solution were added εucceεεively diphenyl phoεphorochloridate (5.75 ml), N,N-diisopropyl-N- ethylamine (5.04 ml) and dimethylaminopyridme (31 mg) at 0~5°C under stirring, and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes (solution A), on the other hand, to a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(2- carbamoylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (10.8 g) in acetonitrile (74 ml) was added 28% sodium methoxide methanol solution (4.86 g) under ice-salt bath with stirring. After stirring for 1 hour, N,N-dimethylacetamide (37 ml) was added to the solution, and then the solution was poured into the solution A described above. The solution waε allowed to εtand in a refrigerator for 12 hourε. The εolution waε diluted with ethyl acetate (150 ml) and waεhed succeεεively with 10% εodium chloride εolution in water (80 ml x 1), brine (80 ml x 9), water (80 ml x 2), and brine (80 nil x 2), and then dried over magneεium εulfate. The εolvent waε evaporated and the reεidue waε chromatographed on a εilica gel (210 g) eluting with a mixture of chloroform and methanol (95:5, V/V) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)- l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2-carbamoylmethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (6.16 g) aε a yellow εolid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.6-2.7 (4H, m) , 3.2-4.9 (15H, ), 5.2-5.5 (5H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (2H, m) , 7.0-7.3 (3H, m) Example 18-2) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allγloxγcarbonyl-2-(2-(2-carbamoylmethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate (5.31 g) in dichloromethane (80 ml) waε added methyl trifluoro ethaneεulfonate (triflate) (3.14 ml) at room temperature and the εolution was stirred at the same temperature for 20 minutes. The solvent was evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (2-carbamoyl-3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pγrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate ■ trifluoromethanesulfonate (7.96 g) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 18-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-Carbamoyl-3-methyl-l- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3 ' .2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (290 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1695 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.3Hz) , 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-3.1 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.8 (6H, m) , 4.02 (3H, s), 4.2-4.5 (4H, m) , 7.62 (IH, d, J=2.0Hz), 7.71 (IH, d, J=2.0Hz) Example 19-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(1- methyl-l,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.77 g) was obtained by the same procedure as Example 16-1). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.25Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.25Hz), 1.80-2.20 (IH, m) , 2.50-2.70 (IH, m), 3.05 (IH, dd, J=9.5Hz, 14.9Hz), 3.20-4.45 (total 12H, complex m), 4.55-4.90 (4H, m) , 5.17-5.50 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.06 (2H, m) , 7.80 (IH, s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 532 (MH + ) Example 19-2 ) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{l,4-Dimethyl-5-(1,2,4- triazolio)methyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (510.7 mg) was obtained by the same procedure as Example 16-2). IR (Nujol) : 1725 (broad) cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.58 (IH, m) , 2.64-2.79 (IH, m) , 3.18-4.00 (total 8H, complex m) , 3.96 (3H, s), 4.13 (3H, ε), 4.18-4.35 (2H, m) , 8.79 (IH, ε) FAB-Maεε (m/z) : 422.3 (M + -Cl) Example 20-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2- (l-methylpyrazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (6.5 g) was obtained in the same procedure as Example 16-1) . IR (CHC1 3 ) : 3350, 1750, 1680, 1400, 1320 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.65-1.86 (IH, m) , 2.32-2.55 (IH, m) , 2.75-2.97 (IH, m) , 3.10-3.70 (5H, m) , 3.76-4.33 (7H, m), 4.54-4.90 (4H, m) , 5.18-5.52 (4H, m) , 5.82-6.10 (2H, m) , 6.05 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz), 7.40 (IH, d, J=1.8Hz) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 531 (MH + ) Example 20-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(1-methylpyrazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-l-hγdroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate (6.0 g) in dichloromethane (120 ml) was added methyl triflate (1.54 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then dichloromethane was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran-ethanol (1:2, 90 ml). To the solution was added triphenylphosphine (1.19 g) , morpholine (2.48 ml), then tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (660 mg) at room temperature. After one hour to the reaction mixture was added tetrahydrofuran (100 ml), and precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was dissolved in water (200 ml) and washed with dichloromethane (x 2). The aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6 with IN-hydrochloric acid and chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries) (600 ml) eluting in turn with water and 5% aqueous acetone. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was passed through ion exchange resin, amberlist A-26 (Cl " type, Trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (60 ml) eluting with water. The elution was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-(1,2-dimethyl-5-pyrazolio- methy1)pyrrolidin-4-y1]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (2.7 g) . IR (Nujol) : 3300, 1760, 1605 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.28 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.78-1.93 (IH, m) , 2.78-2.94 (IH, m) , 3.30-3.55 (5H, m), 3.73 (IH, dd, J=12.5Hz, 6.6Hz), 4.02 (3H, s), 4.10 (3H, s), 4.00-4.30 (4H, m), 6.76 (IH, d, J=3.0Hz), 8.16 (IH, d, J=3.0Hz) FAB-Mass (m/z) : 421 (M-Cl " ) Example 21-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- (l-methylimidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (2.20 g) was obtained by the εimilar procedure aε Example 16-1). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.73-2.62 (3H, m) , 2.72-2.98 (IH, m) , 3.11-3.51 (3H, m), 3.52-3.84 (2H, m) , 3.65 (3H, s), 3.88-4.41 (4H, m) , 4.57-4.93 (4H, m) , 5.22-5.55 (4H, m) , 5.82-6.10 (2H, m) , 6.82 (IH, s), 7.41 (IH, s) APCI-Mass (m/z) : 531 (MH + ) Example 21-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(l-methylimidazol-5-ylmethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (350 mg) in tetrahydrofuran-ethanol (1:1, 5.2 ml) were added triphenylphosphine (34.6 mg) , morpholine (127 μl) then tetrakiε(triphenylphoεphine)palladium(0) (30.5 mg) at room temperature. The mixture waε εtirred for 60 minuteε. To the reaction mixture was added ethyl acetate (10 ml), and the precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate waε poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water (H-O) , and the pH waε adjuεted to 6.0 with 1N-HC1. The εeparated aqueouε layer waε waεhed with EtOAc, and traceε of organic εolvent in the aqueous layer were removed by evaporation in vacuo. The resulting εolution waε chromatographed on nonionic adεorption reεin, Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitεubishi Chemical Industrieε) (40 ml) eluting in turn with water and 3-10% aqueous acetonitrile. The fractions containing the desired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting εolution waε adjusted to pH 4.0 with 1N-HC1, and lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l- methylimidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (61.1 mg) . NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.72-1.98 (IH, m) , 2.73-2.97 (IH, m) , 3.22-3.55 (5H, m) , 3.75 (IH, dd, J=6.8Hz, 12.5Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 3.96-4.35 (4H, m) , 7.44 (IH, s), 8.70 (IH, s) Example 21-3) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- (l,3-dimethyl-5-imidazoliomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azab ' icyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.10 g) was obtained by the similar procedure as Example 15-2). IR (Nujol) : 3500-3100, 1740, 1670, 1280 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.28 (3H, d, J=6.9Hz) , 1.36 (3H, d, J=6 * .2Hz), 1.62-1.93 (2H, m) , 2.59-3.09 (2H, m) , 3.22-3.57 (4H, m) , 4.68-5.40 (11H, m) , 4.51-5.9 (4H, m) , 5.09-5.53 (4H, m) , 5.82-6.08 (2H, m) , 7.24 (IH, s), 9.63 (IH, br s) FAB-Mass (m/z) : 545.4 (M-I ~ ) Example 21-4) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-(1,3-Dimethyl-5-imidazolio- methyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (532 mg) was obtained by the similar procedure aε Example 15-3). IR (Nujol) : 3400-3100, 1750-1710, 1580-1530 cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.73-1.94 (IH, m) , 2.71-2.97 (IH, ) , 3.22-3.56 (5H, m) , 3.72 (IH, dd, J=6.6Hz, 12.4Hz), 3.83 (3H, ε) , 3.86 (3H, ε), 4.00-4.33 (4H, m), 7.43 (IH, s), 8.69 (IH, s) FAB-Maεε (m/z) : 421.3 (M-Cl ) Example 22-1) Under nitrogen atmoεphere a εolution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (4.59 g) in ethyl acetate (46 ml) was refluxed and rhodium(II) octanoate dimer (61 mg) waε added thereto little by little. After the reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 minuteε, it was cooled, evaporated, and then distilled off with acetonitrile (40 ml). The residue was disεolved into acetonitrile (46 ml). Under nitrogen atmoεphere were added firεtly diphenyl chlorophoεphate (4.60 g) , εecondly N,N-diiεopropyl-N-ethylamine (2.41 g) , and laεtly 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (190 mg) thereto at 0°C. The reaction mixture waε stirred for an hour at the same temperature [solution (A)]. Otherwise, under nitrogen atmoεphere to a εolution of (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine (6.0 g) in acetonitrile (60 ml) waε dropped εlowly 28% εodium methoxide-methanol εolution (3.59 ml) at 4-6°C and the reaction mixture waε εtirred for an hour at the same temperature, and then was added acetic acid (1.12 g) thereto. After the reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate (350 ml) and water (300 ml), the organic layer was separated, washed with water (300 ml) and brine (300 ml), and dried over magnesium sulfate and then evaporated under reduced presεure. N,N-Dimethylacetamide (30 ml) was added to the residue and the solution was distilled off with acetonitrile (50 ml) under reduced pressure. After the solution was cooled to 10°C, it was added to solution (A), and then N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine (2.80 g) waε added thereto. After the reaction mixture was stirred for 12 hours at 7°C, it was poured into ethyl acetate (600 ml) and then the solution waε poured into ice-water (250 ml). The organic layer was separated, washed with water (300 ml) six times and brine (300 ml) two times and then dried over magnesium εulfate and evaporated. The reεidue waε εubjected to column chromatography on εilica gel (85 g) (εolvent; dichloromethane:acetone = 8:1 to 4:1 to 1:2) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- (pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate (4.3 g) . IR (Nujol) : 3500-3200, 1750, 1700, 1680, 1540, 1400, 1320, 1190 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.55-1.80 (IH, m) , 2.30-2.50 (IH, m) , 2.83-2.95 (IH, m) , 3.22-3.35 (4H, m) , 3.53-3.68 (IH, m), 3.90-4.31 (4H, m) , 4.60-4.89 (4H, m) , 5.23-5.49 (4H, ) , 5.88-6.07 (2H, m) , 8.60 (2H, ε), 9.12 (IH, ε) FAB-Maεε : M + -l = 529.3 Example 22-2) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (170 mg) in ethanol (1.4 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (0.7 ml) were added at firεt triphenylphosphine (27 mg) , secondly morpholine (55 mg) , and lastly tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium (24 mg) at room temperature under nitrogen atmoεphere. After the reaction mixture waε stirred at the same temperature for an hour, tetrahydrofuran (3 ml), ethyl acetate (10 ml), and water (15 ml) were added. The aqueous layer was separated and waεhed with ethyl acetate (15 ml) three timeε. The aqueous layer was evaporated under reduced presεure to eliminate organic εolvent, and after it waε adjuεted to pH 5.9 with IN-hydrochloric acid, it was subjected to column chromatography on Diaion HP-20 (14 ml). The column was washed with water (80 ml), and the object compound was eluted with 5% aqueouε acetone (70 ml) . The active fractionε were collected, evaporated under reduced pressure, and lyophilized to- give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (70 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 3350-3200, 1730, 1555 cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.75-1.90 (IH, m) , 2.69-2.84 (IH, m) , 3.26-3.30 (2H, m) , 3.32-3.49 (3H, ) , 3.65-3.75 (IH, m), 3.95-4.10 (2H, m) , 4.19-4.28 (2H, m) , 8.80 (2H, s) , 9.09 (IH, s) FAB-Mass : M + +l = 405.5 Example 22-3) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)pγrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (4.3 g) in acetone (43 ml) was added iodomethane (17.3 g) at room temperature. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for a day, iodomethane (15.0 g) was added thereto at the same temperature. After the reaction mixture was εtirred one more day, it was evaporated under reduced pressure to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(l- methyl-5-pyrimidiniomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hγdroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (5.8 g) as a foamy powder. IR (Nujol) : 3250, 1740, 1690, 1670 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 + DMSO-d 6 , δ) : 1:24 (3H, d, J=7.4Hz), 1.31 (3H, d, J=6.1Hz), 1.89-1.96 (IH, ) , 2.85-2.92 (IH, m) , 3.22-3.48 (5H, m) , 3.60-3.80 (IH, ), 3.90-4.28 (3H, m) , 4.40-4.87 (8H, m) , 5.25-5.50 (4H, m) , 5.83-6.05 (2H, ) , 9.05 (IH, ε), 9.53 (IH, s), 10.05 (IH, s) FAB-Masε : M + -l " = 543.4 Example 22-4) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-(1- methyl-5-pyrimidiniomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlate iodide (1.2 g) waε diεεolved in dichloromethane (5 ml) and methanol (5 ml) and then the εolution was subjected to column chromatography on Amberlist (10 ml) (Trademark, made by Rohm & Haas Co.). The column was washed with mixed solvent of dichloromethane (20 ml) and methanol (20 ml), and the collected fractions were evaporated under reduced presεure to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2- (1-methyl-5-pyrimidiniomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate chloride (1.03 g) as a foamy powder. IR (Nujol) : 3200, 1740, 1660 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 + DMSO-dg, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.90-2.02 (IH, m) , 2.85-2.95 (IH, m) , 3.21-3.72 (6H, m) , 3.85-4.35 (3H, m), 4.40-4.92 (8H, m) , 5.24-5.53 (4H, m) , 5.81-6.10 (2H, m) , 9.00 (IH, s), 9.66 (IH, s), 10.46 (IH, s) FAB-Mass : M + -Cl " = 543.4 Example 22-5) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(1-methy1-5-pyrimidiniomethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate chloride (510 mg) in ethanol (5 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) were added firstly triphenylphosphine (69.3 mg) , secondly acetic acid (0.20 ml), thirdly tributyltin hydride (1.03 g) , and lastly tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium (40.7 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) at room temperature. After the reaction mixture waε εtirred at the εame temperature for an hour, tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) waε added thereto and reεulting precipitate waε collected by filtration, waεhed with tetrahydrofuran (20 ml). The precipitate was disεolved in water (30 ml) at pH 6.5. It was washed with ethyl acetate (40 ml) three times, and the aqueous layer was evaporated under reduced pressure to eliminate organic solvent. The aqueouε εolution waε adjusted to pH 5.9 with IN-hydrochloric acid, and then it waε subjected to column chromatography on Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitsubishi Kasei Co.) (40 ml). The column waε waεhed with water (200 ml), and the object compound waε eluted with 3% aqueouε acetone (240 ml) . The active fractionε were collected, concentrated to 60 ml and lyophylized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{(1,6-dihγdro-l-methγlpyrimidin- 5-yl)methyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]- 4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (70 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 1740, 1720, 1660, 1580 cm "1 NMR ( 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.65-1.81 (IH, m) , 2.45-2.62 (2H, m) , 2.65-2.87 (IH, m) , 3.16 (3H, ε) , 3.23-3.50 (3H, m), 3.65-3.75 (IH, m) , 3.80-4.10 (2H, m) , 4.18-4.29 (4H, m) , 6.25 (IH, ε), 7.89 (IH, ε) FAB-Maεs : M + -HC1 = 421.3 Example 23-1) To a εolution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3- {(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (849 mg) in ethyl acetate (8.5 ml) was added rhodium(II) octanoate dimer (11 mg) under nitrogen atmosphere. After εtirring under reflux for 15 minutes, the solution was evaporated and distilled off with acetonitrile twice. To a solution of the residue in acetonitrile (5.9 ml) were added diphenyl chlorophosphate (812 mg) , N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethγlamine (390 mg) and 4-dimethylaminopyridme (3.5 mg) at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour [Solution I]. Otherwise, to a solution of (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-4- (triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine (1.5 g) in dichloromethane (5.25 ml) were added trifluoroacetic acid (5.25 ml) and triethylsilane (502 mg) at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring at room temperature for 45 minutes, the solution was evaporated. The reεidue waε poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The εeparated organic layer waε waεhed with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate twice, dried over magnesium sulfate, evaporated and distilled off with acetonitrile. The reεidue waε diεsolved with N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 ml) [Solution II]. To the cold solution [Solution I] were added the solution [Solution II] and N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine (558 mg) at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring at 5°C overnight, the mixture was poured into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water. The separated organic layer waε waεhed with water and aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over ma g nesium OUJ.1Q C α.j.1*--. cv jjux αtcu i iπ COJ.UUC ouuJ C uδ column chromatography on εilica gel (eluent; ethyl acetate:methanol = 100:0 to 20:1) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-2- ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (640 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 3350, 1740, 1680, 1620, 1540 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.35 (3H, d. J=6.4Hz), 1.80-2.10 (IH, m) , 2.40-2.70 (IH, m) , 3.05-3.45 (4H, m) , 3.50-3.80 (2H, m) , 3.90-4.30 (3H, m), 4.40-4.90 (5H, m) , 5.10-5.55 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (2H, m), 7.16 (IH, t, J=5.0Hz), 8.66 (2H, d, J=5.0Hz) Mass : 529 Example 23-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.3 g) in tetrahydrofuran (16.9 ml) and ethanol (6.5 ml) were added triphenylphosphine (129 mg) , acetic acid (886 mg) and tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium (142 mg) at 30°C under nitrogen atmoεphere. After stirring at 30°C for 5 minutes, the solution was cooled to room temperature. Tributyltin hydride (2.86 g) was added to the solution. After εtirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, ethyl acetate (40 ml) was added to the mixture. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, dissolved into a mixture of ethyl acetate and water and adjusted to pH 7.0 with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. After being washed with ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was subjected to column chromatography on "Diaion HP-20" [eluent; 4% aqueous acetone] . The eluate was evaporated under reduced pressure and freeze dried to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2- (pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid (710 mg) . IR (Nujol) : 3350, 1740, 1700, 1560 cm '1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.75-2.00 (IH, m) . , 2.70-2.95 (IH, m) , 3.30-3.65 (5H, ) , 3.65-3.85 (IH, m) , 3.95-4.15 (IH, ), 4.15-4.35 (3H, m) , 7.49 (IH, t, J=5.0Hz), 8.79 (2H, d, J=5.0Hz) FAB-Mass : M + = 405.3 Example 24-1) To a solution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3- {(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (1.55 g) in ethyl acetate (25 ml) was added Rhodium octanoate (17 mg) at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 1 hour, the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and evaporated under reduced pressure. To the residue in acetonitrile (25 ml) were added dropwise diphenyl chlorophosphate (1.2 ml) , then diisopropyl ethylamine (1.4 ml) and dimethylaminopyridine under ice-cooling. After stirring for 2 hours at 0°C, a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(l-pyridinio)- ethyl}-4-mercaptopyrrolidine trifluoroacetate in dimethylacetamide and acetonitrile, which had been prepared by the method described below, and then diisopropylethylamme (3.66 ml) were added dropwise to the mixture at the same temperature. After stirring for 16 hours, the reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed on silica gel (100 ml silica gel, chloroform:methanol = 4:1 to 1:1) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(l-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate trifluoroacetate. Preparation of mercapto compound : To a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(l- pyridinio)ethyl}-4-(triphenylmethylthio)pyrrolidine chloride (2.5 g) in dichloromethane (8.8 ml) was added dropwise triethylsilane (840 yl) , and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (8.75 ml) under ice-cooling. After stirring for 1 hour at ambient temperature, the mixture was evaporated under reduced preεεure. The residue was washed with hexane, and evaporated after addition of dimethylacetamide and acetonitrile (10 ml). The residue dissolved in acetonitrile (10 ml) was the required mercapto compound solution. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 3100-3600, 1740, 1640 cm "1 Example 24-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(l-Pyridinio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-1-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride was obtained from allyl (4R,5S,6S) ' -3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(1-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate trifluoromethanesulfonate in subεtantially the εame procedure aε that of Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 3300-3600, 1720 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.70-1.90 (IH, m) , 2.50-3.00 (3H, ) , 3.30-3.55 (3H, m) , 3.60-3.95 (3H, m) , 3.95-4.15 (IH, m), 4.10-4.30 (2H, m) , 8.13 (2H, t, J=7.3Hz), 8.61 (IH, t, J=7.8Hz), 8.93 (2H, d, J=5.5Hz) Example 25-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-γl]-3-oxopentanoate (709 mg) and (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(5- hydroxymethylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (849 mg) were reacted in εubεtantially the εame manner as that of Example 2-3) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(5-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[ 3.2.0 ]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (802 mg) as a yellow solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.1Hz), 1.33 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.6-2.6 (4H, m) , 3.1-4.3 (12H, m) , 4.6-4.9 (6H, m) , 5.2-5.5 (4H, m) , 5.9-6.0 (2H, m), 6.9-7.5 (2H, m) Example 25-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{2-(5-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxγethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (790 mg) in acetone (4.0 ml) was added methyl iodide (0.88 ml) at room temperature and the solution was allowed to stand for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(5- hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (991 mg) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 25-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-Hydroxymethγl-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (148 mg) was obtained in subεtantially the same manner as Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1753, 1585 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.8-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.8 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.4 (2H, m) , 4.73 (2H, ε), 7.48 (IH, ε), 8.85 (IH, s) - 192 - Example 26-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-γl]-3-oxopentanoate (4.55 g) and (2R,4S)-4-acetγlthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(4- hydroxymethylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (5.46 g) were reacted in substantially the same manner as Example 2-3) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl- 2-{2-(4-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-γl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate (5.83 g) as a yellow solid. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 1763, 1685 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.18 (3H, d, " J=6.5Hz), 1.34 (3H, d, J=6.5Hz), 1.6-2.6 (4H, m) , 3.1-4.3 (12H, m), 4.4-4.9 (6H, m) , 5.1-5.5 (4H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (2H, m), 6.9-7.1 (2H, m) Example 26-2) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{2-(4-hydroxymethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (2.50 g) in acetone (12.5 ml) was added methyl iodide (2.78 ml) at room temperature and the solution was allowed to stand for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{2-(4- hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-1-imidazoliσ)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.95 g) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next εtep. Example 26-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-Hydroxymethyl-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (255 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1580 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.8 (2H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.4 (4H, m), 4.73 (2H, d, J=2.4Hz), 7.5-7.6 (IH, m), 8.84 (IH, ε) Example 26-4) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-Hydroxymethylimidazol- l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxγethyl]-4 methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (1.08 g) waε obtained in εubεtantially the same manner as Example 5. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.8 (3H, ), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.5 (5H, m), 7.45 (IH, s), 8.5-8.7 (IH, m) Example 27-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (1.81 g and (2R,4S)-4-acetylthio-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-(5- methoxymethylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (2.25 g) wer reacted in substantially the same manner as Example 2-3) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {2-(5-methoxymethylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.81 g) as a yellow solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.25 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.36 ( 3H, d, J=6. 2Hz ) , 1.5-2.7 ( 4H, m) , 3 . 2-4. 3 ( 11H, m) , 3 .30 (3H, s ) , 4.42 ( 2H, s ) , 4.6-4.9 ( 6H, m) , 5. 2-5. 5 ( 4H, m) , 5 .9-6.1 ( IH, m) , 7. 00 (IH, s) , 7.56 ( IH, br ) Example 27-2 ) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(5-methoxymethylimidazol-1-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate (1.79 g) in acetone (9.0 ml) was added methyl iodide (1.9 ml) at room temperature and the solution was allowed to stand for 3.5 hours. The εolvent waε evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(5- methoxymethyl-3-methyl-1-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.24 g) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 27-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-Methoxymethyl-3- methyl-1-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (600 mg) was obtained in subεtantially the εame manner aε Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1753, 1585 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.42 (3H, s), 3.6-3.9 (2H, m) , 3.90 (3H, ε), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m), 4.2-4.4 (4H, m) , 4.63 (2H, ε) , 7.58 (IH, ε), 8.90 (1H Λ ε) Example 28-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3-{(1R)-1- hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (1.51 g) and (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(4- carbamoylmethylimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (2.27 g) were reacted in subεtantially the εame manner aε Example 18-1) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxy- carbonyl-2-{2-(4-carbamoylmethylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.11 g) aε a yellow εolid. IR (CHC1 3 ) : 1763, 1682 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz)-, 1.6-2.6 (4 ' H, m) , 3.2-4.3 (13H, m), 4.6-4.9 (4H, m) , 5.2-5.5 (5H, m) , 5.9-6.0 (2H, m) , 6.8-7.5 (3H, m) Example 28-2) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4-carbamoylmethylimidazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.08 g) in acetone (5.4 ml) was added methyl iodide (1.15 ml) at room temperature and the solution waε allowed to εtand for 5.5 hours. The solvent was evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4- carbamoylmethyl-3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (1.31 g) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used aε the εtarting compound for the next εtep. Example 28-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-Carbamoylmethyl-3- methγl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (138 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1675, 1575 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (4H, m) , 3.6-3.9 (6H, m), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.4 (4H, m), 7.53 (IH, s), 8.84 (IH, s) Example 29-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3-{(lR)-l- hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (10.3 g) and (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-acetylthio-2-[2-(4- cyanoimidazol-l-γl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (12.2 g) were reacted in substantially the same manner aε that of Example 2-3) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {2-(4-cyanoimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1-hγdroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (9.69 g) aε a yellow εolid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.5-2.7 (5H, m) , 3.2-3.4 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.7 (IH, m) , 3.8-4.3 (6H, m) , 4.6-4.9 (4H, m), 5.2-5.5 (4H, m) , 5.8-6.0 (2H, m), 7.62 (2H, br) Example 29-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-Cγanoimidazol-l-γl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (701 mg) waε obtained in εubεtantially the εame manner as Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1745 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, ) , 2.3-2.5 (2H, m), 2.6-2.8 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.7 (2H, m), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.3 (4H, m), 7.88 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz), 7.97 (IH, d, J=1.2Hz) Example 29-3) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4-cyanoimidazol-1-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (7.56 g) in dichloromethane (110 ml) was added methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (3.1 ml) at room temperature and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The solvent waε evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4-cyano-3- methγl-l-imidazolio)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate (10.4 g) as a yellow paste. This compound was immediately uεed aε the εtarting compound for the next step. Example 29-4) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-Cyano-3-methyl-l- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (1.83 g) was obtained in εubstantially the same manner as Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1580 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.8-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.9 (2H, m), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.06 (3H, s), 4.2-4.3 (2H, m), 4.4-4.5 (2H, ) , 8.46 (IH, s) Example 30 (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-Carbamoylimidazol-l- yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (285 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1670, 1580 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.3-2.5 (2H, m), 2.6-2.8 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.7 (3H, m) , 3.9-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.3 (3H, m), 7.14 (IH, s), 7.39 (IH, d, J=l.lHz) Example 31 (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-Hγdroxymethylimidazol- l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (472 mg) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1580 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.3Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.3-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-4.1 (6H, m) , 4.2-4.3 (4H, m), 4.92 (2H, s), 7.39 (IH, d, J=2.0Hz), 7.49 (IH, d, J=2.0Hz) Example 32 (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(Imidazol-l-yl)ethγl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (674 mg) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1745, 1570 cπf 1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.8 ( 2H, m) , 4. 0-4.1 ( IH, m) , 4.2-4 . 4 ( 4H, m) , 7 . 5-7 . 6 ( 2H , m) , 8 .77 ( IH, s ) Example 33-1) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allγloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(imidazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (7.00 g) in dimethylformamide (35 ml) was added 3-allyloxycarbonylamino-l-iodopropane (4.26 g) and the solution was warmed to 50°C. After stirring at the same temperature for 8 hours, the solution was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was evaporated arid the residue was waεhed with diiεopropyl ether (175 ml x 5) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-[3- {3-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl}-1-imidazolio]ethyl]- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (10.4 g) as a light brown paste. This compound waε immediately uεed as the εtarting compound for the next εtep. Example 33-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-[2-{3-(3-Aminopropy1)-1- imidazolio}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride (499 mg) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1565 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.2-2.9 (5H, m), 3.0-3.1 (2H, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.9 (2H, m), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.5 (6H, m) , 7.61 (2H, s), 8.97 (IH, ε) Example 34-1) Allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[ (2R,3S)-3-{(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (6.02 g) and (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-4-benzoylthio-2-[2-(1,2,4- triazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (7.89 g) were reacted in substantially the same manner as Example 18-1) to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{2- (1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylate (4.76 g) as a light yellow solid. NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.36 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.5-2.7 (5H, m) , 3.2-4.4 (10H, m), 4.6-4.9 (4H, m) , 5.2-5.5 (4H/ m) , 5.9-6.0 (IH, m), 7.9-8.3 (2H, m) Example 34-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(l,2,4-Triazol-l-yl)- ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (841 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1749, 1580 cπf 1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.6-1.8 (IH, m) , 2.3-2.8 (3H, m), 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.7 (2H, m) , 3.9-4.1 (IH, m), 4.2-4.3 (2H, m) , 4.4-4.5 (2H, m) , 8.10 (IH, s), 8.50 (IH, ε) Example 34-3) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (1.58 g) in acetone (7.9 ml) was added methyl iodide (1.85 ml) at room temperature and the solution was allowed to stand for 8 days. The εolvent was evaporated to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{4-methyl- l-(l,2,4-triazolio)}ethγl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.00 g) as a yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 34-4) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2-{4-Methγl-l-(l,2,4- triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1-hydroxy¬ ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride (520 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as Example 4-4). IR (Nujol) : 1745, 1580 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.5-2.7 (2H, m), 2.8-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.5 (3H, m) , 3.6-3.9 (2H, m), 4.00 (3H, ε), 4.0-4.1 (IH, m) , 4.2-4.3 (2H, m), 4.6-4.7 (2H, m) , 8.86 (2H, ε) Example 35-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (4-carbamoylimidazol-l-γl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (2.23 g) waε obtained in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 18-1). IR (Neat) : 1740, 1640, 1580, 1390, 1310 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.21 Hz), 1.34 (3H, d, J=6.24Hz), 1.50-1.75 (IH, ) , 1.90-2.10 (IH, m), 2.30-2.70 (2H, m) , 3.15-3.40 (3H, m) , 3.45-3.70 (IH, m) , 3.85-4.45 (6H, m) , 4.50-4.90 (4H, m), 5.20-5.70 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.10 (2H, m) , 7.00 (IH, broad s), 7.40-7.65 (2H, m) Example 35-2 ) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4-carbamoylimidazol-l-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (2.07 g) in dichloromethane (20 ml) was added methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.16 ml) at 0°C and the solution was stirred for 30 minutes. To the mixture was added a suspenεion of ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (Cl ~ type, Trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (10 ml) in dichloromethane (10 ml) and the whole was stirred for 5 minuteε. The reεin waε removed by filtration and washed with a mixture of dichloromethane arid methanol (4/1, 50 ml). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {2-(4-carbamoyl-3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1- azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate chloride (2.75 g) as a pale yellow solid. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 35-3) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-Carbamoyl-3-methyl-l- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2;0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride (421 mg) waε obtained in εubstantially the same manner aε Example 4-4). NMR (CDC1 3 , 200MHz, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.7Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.7-1.9 (IH, m) , 2.4-2.6 (2H, m), 2.7-2.9 (IH, m) , 3.3-3.8 (6H, m) , 4.04 (3H, ε), 4.2-4.5 (4H, m) , 8.15 (IH, s), 9.01 (IH, s) Example 36-1) To a εolution of allyl (4R)-2-diazo-4-[(2R,3S)-3- {(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl]-3-oxopentanoate (2.72 g) in ethyl acetate (30 ml) waε. added rhodium(II) octanoate (36 mg) under refluxing in a εtream of nitrogen. The mixture waε refluxed for 30 minuteε and then evaporated in vacuo to give a reεidue. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (30 ml) and cooled at 0-5°C under atmosphere of nitrogen. To the solution were successively added diphenyl phosphorochloridate (2.01 ml) and N,N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine (1.76 ml) and the mixture was εtirred at the εame temperature overnight. To thiε solution were εuccessively added N,N-dimethylacetamide (15 ml), a solution of (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2,3- dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl}ethyl-4-mercapto- pyrrolidine trifluoroacetate (4.82 g) in acetonitrile (30 ml) and N,N-diiεopropyl-N-ethylamine (1.93 ml) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture were added ethyl acetate (100 ml) and water (50 ml) with εtirring and the organic layer was separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was chromatographed on εilica gel (200 g) eluting with a mixture of dichloromethane and acetone (1:2, V/V). The fractions containing the deεired compound were collected and evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2,3- dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(lR)-l-hγdroxγethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (2.41 g) . IR (Neat) : 1740, 1680, 1610, 1390 cm '1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.15Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.20Hz), 1.65-2.05 (4H, m) , 3.20-3.65 (3H, m), 3.65-4.35 (9H, m) , 4.55-4.90 (4H, m) , 5.20-5.60 ( 5H, m) , 5 .80-6.10 ( 2H, m) , 7 .34 ( IH, broad ε ) Example 36-2) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol- 1-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]- 4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (2.41 g) in acetone (10 ml) with εtirring at ambient temperature and the mixture waε allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {2-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-l-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate iodide (2.52 g) . This compound was immediately used aε the starting compound for the next step. Example 36-3) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-l-imidazo[l,2-b]- pyrazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride (722 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-4) . IR (Nujol) : 1730, 1580-1570 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.18Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.34Hz), 1.60-1.80 (IH, m) , 2.00-2.35 (2H, m) , 2.65-2.85 (IH, m) , 3.25-3.80 (7H, m) , 3.81 (3H, s), 3.90-4.45 (7H, m) , 5.88 (IH, d, J=3.lHz), 7.81 (IH, d, J=3.1Hz) FAB Maεε : 462.2 (M + ) Example 37-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2- {2-(1,2,3-triazol-l-γl)ethγl}pγrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (IR)- 1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylate (3.35 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 2-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.26 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.31 (3H, d, J=6.3Hz), 1.64 (IH, br) , 2.08-2.22 (IH, m) , 2.58 (2H, br), 3.23-3.36 (3H, m) , 3.55-3.70 (IH, m) , 3.87-4.28 (5H, m) , 4.49-4.82 (6H, m) , 5.22-5.49 (4H, m) , 5.87-5.99 (2H, m) , 7.72 (2H, br) Example 37-2) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(1,2,3-triazol-l-γl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (317 mg) was obtained in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1740 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.20 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.54-1.70 (IH, m) , 2.39-2.72 (3H, m) , 3.27-3.48 (3H, m) , 3.56-3.72 (2H, m) , 3.90-4.03 (IH, m), 4.19-4.27 (2H, m) , 4.66 (2H, t, J=6.6Hz), 7.81 (2H, s) FAB Maεs : 408 (M + ) Example 37-3) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(1,2,3-triazol-l-yl)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (3.55 g) in dichloromethane (71 ml) was added methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.14 ml) with stirring under ice-cooling. The mixture was εtirred for 20 minuteε at ambient temperature. The mixture waε evaporated in vacuo to give a product (4.65 g) of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3- [ (2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-[2-{3-methγl-l-(1,2,3- triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carbonate trifluoromethanesulfonate which may contain allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonyl-2- [2-{2-methyl-1-(1,2,3-triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-γl]- thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carbonate trifluoromethanesulfonate. This compound was immediately used as the starting compound for the next step. Example 37-4) A product of (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hγdroxyethyl]-4- methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2-{3-methyl-l-(l,2,3-triazolio)}- ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride which may contain (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-l-hγdroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2- [2-{2-methyl-l-(1,2,3-triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-7-oxo-l-azabicycio[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlate chloride (0.88 g) was obtained from the product of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-[2-{3-methyl- l-(l,2,3-triazolio)}ethyl]ρyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carbonate trifluoromethanesulfonate which may contain allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2- [2-{2-methyl-l-(l,2,3-triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-6-[(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carbonate trifluoromethanesulfonate (4.65 g) obtained in Example 37-3) in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-4) . IR (Nujol) : 1752 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.73-1.87 (IH, m) , 2.55-2.71 (2H, m) , 2.74-2.91 (IH, m) , 3.33-3.50 (4H, m), 3.66-3.89 (3H, m), 3.99-4.08 (IH, ) , 4.21-4.28 (2H, m) , 4.36 (3H, s), 8.55 (IH, d, J=1.3Hz), 8.63 (IH, d, J=1.4Hz) FAB Mass : 422 (M + ) Example 38-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2- (pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydro¬ xyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carbonate (10.4 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 2-3). NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.54 (IH, br), 1.96-2.50 (5H, m) , 3.22-3.31 (3H, m) , 3.53 (IH, m) , ' 3.91-4.27 (6H, m), 4.56-4.81 (4H, m) , 5.20-5.48 (4H, m) , 5.87-6.26 (2H, m) , 6.25 (IH, t, d=2.1Hz), 7.48 (2H, m) Example 38-2) (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(pyrazol-l-yl)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (1.65 g) waε obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 5. IR (Nujol) : 1747 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.19 (3H, d, J=7.1Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.52-1.68 (IH, m) , 2.28-2.68 (3H, m) , 3.33-3.47 (3H, m) , 3.56-3.69 (2H, m) , 3.92-3.98 (IH, m) , 4.20-4.36 (4H, m) , 6.40 (IH, d, J=1.7Hz), 7.61 (IH, m) , 7.71 (IH, m) FAB Masε : 407 (M + ) Example 38-3) To a solution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- γl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hγdroxyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (10.49 g) in dichloromethane (150 ml) waε added methyl fluoroεulfonate (2.33 ml) with εtirring under ice-cooling. The mixture waε εtirred for 1.5 hourε at the same temperature. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonγl-2-{2-(2-methyl- l-pyrazolio)ethyl}pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylate fluoroεulfonate (12.75 g) . Thiε compound waε immediately used as the starting compound for the next εtep. Example 38-4) To a εolution of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxγcarbonyl-2-{2-(2-methyl-l-pyrazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxy- ethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-car¬ boxylate fluorosulfonate (12.75 g) , triphenylphosphine (1.04 g), acetic acid (6.79 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphoεphine)palladium(O) (0.91 g) in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) and ethanol (100 ml) waε added tributyltin hydride (21.3 ml) at ambient temperature with εtirring, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture were added water (150 ml) and ethyl acetate (300 ml). After separation, the aqueous layer was concentrated. The reεidue waε adjusted to pH 6 with saturated aqueouε εodium hydrogen carbonate and chromatographed on nonionic adεorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries) (1 I ) eluting in turn with water and 5% aqueous acetone. The fractions containing the deεired compound were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The reεulting reεidue waε adjuεted to pH 4 with IN hydrochloric acid and passed through in exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (Cl~ type, Trademark, made by Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (60 ml) eluting with water. The eluate was lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-methyl-l-pyrazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene- 2-carboxylic acid chloride (2.34 g). IR (Nujol) : 1740 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz) , 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 2.42-2.65 (2H, m) , 2.76-2.91 (IH, m) , 3.33-3.49 (3H, m) , 3.67-4.90 (IH, m) , 4.17 (3H, ε), 4.22-4.28 (2H, m) , 4.62 (2H, t, J=8.0Hz), 6.80 (IH, t, J=3.0Hz), 8.22 (IH, d, J=2.8Hz), 8.29 (IH, d, J=2.3Hz) FAB Mass : 421 (M + ) Example 39-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonγl-2-{2- (4-(2-carbamoylethenyl)imidazol-1-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-6-{(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate was obtained in 68.7% yield in εubstantially the same manner as that of Example 18-1) . IR (Neat) : 1755, 1665, 1580 cm "1 NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.34Hz), 1.35 (3H, d, J=6.23Hz), 1.40-1.65 (IH, m) , 1.80-2.10 (IH, m), 2.30-2.60 (2H, m) , 3.20-3.35 (3H, m) , 3.50-3.70 (IH, m), 3.80-4.15 (IH, m) , 4.20-4.30 (2H, m), 4.50-4.80 (4H, m) , 5.22-5.50 (4H, m) , 5.80-6.03 (2H, m) , 6.61 (IH, d, J=15.0Hz), 7.14 (IH, br s), 7.51 (IH, d, J=14.9Hz), 7.54 (IH, br ε) Example 39-2) A mixture of allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-1- allyloxycarbonyl-2-{2-(4-(2-carbamoylethenyl)imidazol- l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-{(lR)-l-hydroxyethγl}- 4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate (3.6 g) and methyl iodide (3.74 ml) in N,N-dimethγl- formamide (20 ml) was stirred for 2 days at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced presεure to give a residue, which was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (45 ml) and ethanol (45 ml). To the solution were added in turn triphenylphosphine (472 mg) , acetic acid (893 ml), tri-n-butyltin hydride (3.9 ml) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (500 mg) under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. After 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of phosphate pH εtandard equimolal solution (pH 6.86, 100 ml) and dichloromethane (300 ml). The aqueous layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo to give a residual solution, which was chromatographed on nonionic adsorption resin, Diaion HP-20 (Trademark, made by Mitεubiεhi Chemical Industries) (350 ml) eluting in turn with water, 2% aqueous acetonitrile and 4% aqueous acetonitrile. The active fractions were collected and passed through ion exchange resin, Amberlist A-26 (Cl ~ type, Trademark, Rohm and Haas Co., Ltd.) (10 ml) eluting with water. The resulting solution was lyophilized to give a crude compound, which waε chromatographed on Aluminum AC-12 eluting with water. The fractions containing the deεired compound were collected and lyophilized to give (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-(2-carbamoylethenyl)-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-{(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl}-4-methγl-7-oxo-l~azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlic acid chloride (1.08 g) . IR (Nujol) : 1735 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.23 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.30 (3H, d, J=6.38Hz), 1.70-1.85 (IH, m) , 2.40-2.60 (2H, m) , 2.70-2.90 (IH, ), 3.30-3.84 (5H, m) , 3.95 (3H, s), 4.00-4.10 (IH, m), 4.20-4.50 (4H, m) , 6.76 (IH, d, J=15.95Hz), 7.41 (IH, d, J=16.25Hz), 8.00 (IH, s), 8.92 (IH, ε) Example 40-1) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allγloxycarbonγl-2-{2- (5-(2-carbamoylethenγl)imidazol-1-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-6-{(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate waε obtained in 64.5% yield in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 39-1) . NMR (CDC1 3 , δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.12Hz), 1.31 (3H, d, J=6.14Hz), 1.50-1.70 (IH, m) , 1.90-2.10 (IH, m) , 2.30-2.60 (2H, m) , 3.20-3.35 (3H, m) , 3.50-3.70 (IH, m), 3.80-4.30 (6H, m) , 4.50-4.90 (4H, m), 5.2C-5.50 (4H, ) , 5.80-6.05 (2H, m) , 6.44 (IH, d, J=15.74Hz), 6.90-7.50 (3H, m) Example 40-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-(2-Carbamoyl- ethenyl)-3-methγl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio- 6-{(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl}-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride was obtained in 13.7% yield in substantially the same manner aε that of Example 39-2) . IR (Nujol) : 1735, 1665, 1575 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.22 (3H, d, J=7.16Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.34Hz), 1.70-1.85 (IH, m) , 2.35-2.60 (2H, m) , 2.70-2.90 (IH, m), 3.30-4.20 (6H, m) , 3.93 (3H, ε), 4.20-4.30 (2H, m) , 4.40-4.50 (2H, m) , 6.77 (IH, d, J=15.77Hz), 7.40 (IH, d, J=15.80), 7.91 (IH, s), 8.92 (IH, s) Example 41-1 ) Allyl (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-l-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(l- methyl-3-pyridiniomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylate iodide (4.67 g) waε obtained in εubεtantially the same manner as that of Example 3-2). IR (Nujol) : 1750, 1680 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.24 (3H, d, J=5.4Hz), 1.34 (3H, d, J=6.2Hz), 1.4-2.0 (2H, m) , 2.17 (3H, s), 3.1-4.8 (14H, m), 5.1-5.5 (4H, m) , 5.7-6.1 (2H, m) , 7.8-8.4 (2H, m), 8.8-9.3 (2H, m) Example 41-2) (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(1-Methyl-3-pyridiniomethyl)- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7- oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride as obtained in substantially the same manner as that of Example 4-2). IR (Nujol) : 1740 cm "1 NMR (D 2 0, δ) : 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2Hz), 1.29 (3H, d, J=6.4Hz), 1.5-1.7 (IH, m) , 2.5-2.7 (IH, m) , 3.2-3.6 (5H, m) , 3.7-4.0 (2H, m) , 4.1-4.3 (2H, m), 4.39 (3H, s), 8.02 (IH, dd, J=8.0Hz, 6.0Hz), 8.49 (IH, d, J=8.0Hz), 8.72 (IH, d, J=6.0Hz), 8.80 (IH, ε)

Claims: CLAIMS A compound of the formula in which R is carboxy or protected carboxy, R : is 1-hydroxyethyl, is methyl, is optionally substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl, optionally N-substituted 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl- (lowe )alkyl, optionally subεtituted imidazol-1-yl(C 2 ~C 3 )alkyl, optionally εubstituted imidazol- 5-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally subεtituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl, optionally εubεtituted pγrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, optionally εubstituted pyrazol-1-ylethyl, optionally subεtituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, optionally subεtituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or optionally substituted (2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol- 1-yl)ethyl, and R " is hydrogen or imino-protective group. and pharmaceutically acceptable saltε thereof. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R I 1 is carboxy or esterified carboxy, A is pyridyl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of lower alkyl, carbamoyKlower)alkyl, mono- or di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl and N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]carbamoyl(lower)alkyl; 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkyl optionally N-substituted by the group consisting of lower alkenyloxycarbonyl and lower alkyl; imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consiεting of lower alkyl, carbamoyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl, cyano, amino(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl and carbamoyl(lower)alkenyl; imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl optionally εubεtituted by lower alkyl; imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consiεting of lower alkyl and carbamoyl(lower)alkyl; pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; pyrazol-1-ylethyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; 1,2,4-(or 1,2,3-)triazolyKlower)alkyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl; pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl optionally subεtituted by lower alkyl; dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl optionally εubεtituted by lower alkyl; or (2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally εubstituted by lower alkyl; and R iε hydrogen or esterified carboxy. 3. The compound of Claim 2, wherein R is carboxy or lower alkenyloxycarbonyl, and 5 R is hydrogen or lower alkoxycarbonyl. 4. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R is carboxy, 4 R is pyridyl(C1-C2)alkyl optionally substituted by the group consiεting of methyl, carbamoylmethyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl and R is hydrogen. 5. The compound of Claim 4, which is (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(l-methyl-3-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin 4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2R,4S)-2-[2-{l-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl methyl)-3-pyridinio}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S ,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(l-carbamoylmethyl-3-pyridinio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2 ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(l-carbamoylmethyl-4-pyridinio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2 ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2- [1-{N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoylmethyl}-3-pyridinio]- ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-aza- biσyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-{2-(1-methyl-2-pyridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethγl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-. (l-carbamoylmethγl-2-pγridinio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxγlic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(1-methyl-2-pyridinio)methyl- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(1-methyl-3-pyridiniomethyl)- pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4- methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxγethyl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l- methyl-4-pyridiniomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-4- methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l-methyl-2- pyridinio)methγlpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxγlic acid chloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(l- pyridinio)ethyl}pγrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R iε carboxy, 4 R lε 2-oxopιperazιn-l-ylmethyl .optionally N-substituted by the group consistin of methyl and allyloxycarbonyl, and R is hydrogen. 7. The compound of Claim 6, which is (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2S,4S)-2-(4-methyl-2-oxopiperazin-i-γl)methyl- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0Jhept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4r.,5S,65)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-3-[(2S,4S)-2-(2-o- xopiperazin-l-yl)methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]- thio-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, or (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2S,4S)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo- piperazino)methylpyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R is carboxy, is imidazol-l-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl, carbamoyl, carbamoylmethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, cyano, aminopropyl, (allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl and carbamoylethenyl, and R is hydrogen. 9. The compound of Claim 8, which iε (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-{3-(3-methyl-l-imidazolio)propyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2- ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{3-(3-carbamoylmethyl-1- imidazolio)propyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-{2-(3-methyl-1-imidazolio)ethyl}- pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(3-carbamoylmethγl-l- imiαazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(3-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl- 1-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-carbamoyl-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{3- (imidazol-l-yl)propyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-4-methyl- 7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-hydroxymethyl-3- methyl-1-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (lR)-l-hydroxyethγl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-hydroxymethyl-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-hydroxymethylimidazol- 1-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-methoxymethyl-3-methγl- l-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hyd oxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-carbamoylmethyl-3- methyl-l-imidazolio)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-cyanoimidazol-l- yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hγdroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-cyano-3-methyl-l- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-carbamoylimidazol-l- γl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxγethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-hydroxymethylimidazol- 1-yl)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- . [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(imidazol-l- yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethy1]-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2-{3-(3-aminopropyl)-l- imidazolio}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydro:-cyethyl]-4-methγl-7-oxo-l-azabicγclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-carbamoyl-3-methyl-l- imidazolio}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(4-(2-carbamoylethenyl)-3- -methyl-1-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, or (4R,5S .6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-(2-carbamoylethenyl)- 3-methyl-l-imidazolio)ethγl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride. 10. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R iε carboxy, 4 R lε ιmιdazol-5-ylmethyl optionally substituted by methyl, and R is hydrogen. 11. The compound of Claim 10, which is (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-(l-methylimidazol-5- ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l,3-dimethyl-5- imidazoliomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride. 12. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R1 is carboxy. R" is imidazol-2-yl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl optionally substituted by the group consisting of methyl and carbamoylmethyl, and R is hydrogen. 13. The compound of Claim 12, which is (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(l,3-dimethyl-2- imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(3-carbamoylmethyl-l- methyl-2-imidazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [ (lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-l-hydroxyethyl]-3-[(2R,4S)-2- (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazoliomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]- thιo-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride. . 14. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R is carboxy, 4 R is pyrazol-4-(or 5-)ylmethyl optionally substituted by methyl, and R is hydrogen. 15. The compound of Claim 14, which is (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l,2-dimethγl-4- pyrazoliomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-σxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]- hept-2-ene-2-carboxγlic acid chloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(l,2-dimethyl-5- pyrazoliomethyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]' hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride. 16. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R is carboxy, 4 R is 2-(pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl optionally substituted by methyl, and R iε hydrogen. 17. The compound of Claim 16, which iε (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(I )-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-(2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin- - yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(2-methyl-l-pyrazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin- 4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride. 18. The compound of Claim 3, wherein 1 R ιε carboxy, R,4 "* iε l,2,4-triazol-l-(or 5-)γl(C, -C 2 )alkγl or 1,2,3-triazol-l-ylmethyl, each of which is optionally substituted by methyl, and 5 R iε hydrogen. 19. The compound of Claim 18, which iε (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{l,4-dimethyl-5-(l,2,4- triazolio)methyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-{2-(l,2,4-triazol-l- yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-γl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2-{4-methyl-l-(l,2,4- triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[ (1R)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [(2R,4S)-2-{2-(1,2 ,3-triazol-l-yl)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4- yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride, or (4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-[2-{3-methyl-l-(1,2,3- triazolio)}ethyl]pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride, which iε optionally contain (4R,5S,6S)-6- [(IR)-1-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-3-[(2R,4S)-2-[2-{2- methyl-l-(1,2,3-triazolio)}ethyl]pγrrolidin-4- yl]thio-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2- carboxylic acid chloride. 20. The compound of Claim 3 , wherein R iε carboxy, R iε pyrimidin-2(or 5)-ylmethyl optionally εubεtituted by methyl, and R iε hydrogen. 21. The compound of Claim 20, which is (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(pyrimidin-5- yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(IR)-1- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-er.e-2-carboxylic acid, or (4R,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,4S)-2-(pyrimidin-2- yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6-[(lR)-l- hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept- 2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. 22. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R iε carboxy, 4 R iε (1,6-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl optionally substituted by methyl, and 5 R is hydrogen. 23. The compound of Claim 22, which is (4R,5S,6S)-3-[ (2R,4S)-2-{(1,6-dihydro-l- methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-6- [(IR)-1-hydroxγethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-l-azabicyclo- [3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride. 24. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R is carboxy, # R is 2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2—b]pyrazol-l-yl)ethyl j optionally subεtituted by methyl, and 5 R is hydrogen. 25. The compound of Claim 24, which is {4R,5S,6S)-6-[ (IR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-3- [ (2R,4S)-2-{2-(5-methyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]-1- 10 pyrazolio)ethyl}pyrrolidin-4-yl]thio-7-oxo-l- azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid chloride. 26. A process for the preparation of a compound of the 15 formula : 1 "5 1 in which R , R , R , R , and R are each as defined in Claim 1, 25 or salts thereof, which comprises (a) reacting a compound of the formula : wherein R , R ώ and R are each as defined above, or a reactive derivative at the oxo group thereof or saltε thereof with a compound of the formula : wherem R 4 and R5 are each aε defined above, or εaltε thereof to give a compound of the formula wherem R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each as defined above , or salts thereof; and (b) subjecting a compound of the formula wherein R 2, R3 " , R4 and R5 are each as defined above, and is protected carboxy, or salts thereof to removal reaction of the ccaarrbbooxxyy--pprrooltective group on R 3. to give a compound of the formula COOH wnere R 2, R3, R4 and R5 are each as defined above, or salts thereof; and (c) subjecting a compound of the formula wherein R , R , R and R are each as defined above, and i.s imino-protective group, or salts thereof to removal reaction of the iimmiinnoo--pprrootteecctive group of R to give a compound of the formula wherem R 1 , R2 , R 3 and R 4 are each as defined above , or salts thereof ; and (d) reducing a compound of the formula : wherem R 1 , R2 , R 3 and R 5 are each as defined above, , 4 R4 is optionally substituted pyridyl(lower)alkenyl, optionally N-substituted 2- oxopiperazin-l-yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted imidazol-l-yl(C 2 ~C 3 )alkenyl, optionally εubstituted imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted pyrazol-1-ylethenyl, optionally substituted triazolyl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkenyl, or optionally subεtituted 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol- 1-ylethenyl, or εalts thereof to give a compound of the formula wherem R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each as defined above , or εalts thereof; and (e) reacting a compound of the formula : wherein R and R are each as defined above, and R is pyridin-2-(or 3- or 4-)yl(lower)alkyl, N-(lower)alkyl-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl- (lower)alkyl, imidazol-1-yl(C 2 -C 3 )- alkyl, imidazol-2-(or 5-)yl(lower)- alkyl, pyrazol-1-ylethyl, pγrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, 1,2,4-triazol-l-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, 1,2,3-triazol-l-yl(lower)alkyl, or 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-l-yl- ethyl, each of which iε optionally εubεtituted by suitable εubεtituent(ε) , or salts thereof with a compound of the formula : R 6 - X wherein R is lower alkyl, carbamoyKlower)alkyl, N,N-di(lower)alkylcarbamoyl(lower)- alkyl, N-[hydroxy(lower)alkyl]- carbamoyl(lower)alkyl or protected amino(lower)alkyl, and X iε an acid reεidue, to give a compound of the formula wherein R 1 c^l, R", R", R", R' and X are each aε defined above, and R b iε 2-(or 3- or 4-)pyridinio(lower)alkyl, N-(lower)alkyl-2-oxo-l-piperazinio- (lower)- alkyl, l-imidazolio(C 2 -C-,)- alkyl, 2-(or 5-)imidazolio(lower)- alkyl, (1-pyrazolio)ethyl, 4-(or 5-)pyrazolio(lower)alkyl, pyrimidinio(lower)alkyl, 1-(or 5-) (1,2,4-triazolio) (lower)alkyl, l-(1,2,3-triazolio) (lower)alkyl, or 2,3-dihydro-1-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazolio- ethyl, each of which iε optionally substituted by suitable substituent(ε) , or saltε thereof; and (f) subjecting a compound of the formula : 10 wherein R 1, R2, R3 and R5 are each as defined above, and 4 R is protected ammo(lower)alkyl- substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl, N-[protected amino(lower)alkyl]- 15 subεtituted 2-oxopiperazin-l-yl- (lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted imidazol-1-yl(C 2 ~C_)alkyl, protected amino(lower) lkyl- 20 substituted imidazol-5-yl(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- εubεtituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted pyrazol-4-(or 5-)- 25 yl(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted pyrazol-1-ylethyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, 30 protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted dihydropyrimidinyl- (lower)alkyl , 35 or protected amino(lower)alkyl- substituted 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]- pyrazol-1-ylethyl, each of which is further optionally, subεtituted by suitable subεtituent(s) , or salts thereof to removal reaction of the amino-protec 4 ammo-protective group on R to give a compound of the formula wherein R 1, R2, R3 and R5 are each as defined above, and 4 R, is amino(lower)alkyl-substituted pyridyl(lower)alkyl, N-[amino(lower)alkyl]-sub- stituted-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl- (lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-subs ituted imidazol-1-yl(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted imidazol-5-γl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted imidazol-2-yl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-subεtituted pyrazol-4-(or 5-)yl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-εubεtituted pyrazol-1-ylethyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted triazolyl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted pyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl-substituted dihydropyrimidinyl(lower)alkyl, or amino(lower)alkyl-substituted 2,3- dihydroimidazo[l,2-b]pyrazol-l-ylethyl, each of which is further optionally V substituted by suitable substituent(s) , or salts thereof; and (g) reducing a compound of the formula *") " * ) C * * " wherein R , R , R , R , R° and X are each as defined above, and A is lower alkylene, or salts thereof to give a compound of the formula : R l r -i -j c C wherein R , R ώ , R , R and R are each as defined above, or saltε thereof. 35 27. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound of claim 1, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 28. Use of a compound of claim 1 for the manufacture of a medicament for therapeutic treatment of infectious diseaεes. 29. A method for the treatment of infectious diseaεes which comprises administering a compound of claim 1 to human being or animal. 30. Uεe of a compound of claim.1 aε an antimicrobial agent.

Inventors: HATTORI KOHJI, MATSUDA KEIJI, MURATA MASAYOSHI, NAKAJIMA TAKASHI, TSUTSUMI HIDEO, HATTORI, KOHJI, MATSUDA, KEIJI, MURATA, MASAYOSHI, NAKAJIMA, TAKASHI, TSUTSUMI, HIDEO
Applicants: FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO, HATTORI KOHJI, MATSUDA KEIJI, MURATA MASAYOSHI, NAKAJIMA TAKASHI, TSUTSUMI HIDEO, FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C07D477
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P31, C07D477, C07D519, C07D521