Connecting a shaft to a bore

Abstract: To driveably connect a shaft (44,144,145) to a bore (46,146) unitary component (50,162,163) of suitable plastics material or non-ferrous metal includes an integral key (56,174) of curved cross-section adapted to engage in a mating keyway (176) formed in the bore. Where the shaft (44) and bore (46) are nominally of the same diameter, the component (50) consists also of an integral key (52) of rectangular cross-section adapted to engage in the conventional keyway (48) in the shaft. Where the shaft (144,145) is of smaller diameter than the bore (146), the component (162,163) also includes a sleeve (164) with the key (174) of curved cross-section formed on its outer periphery, and a keyway (170) of rectangular cross-section formed in its inner periphery and adapted to be driveably connected by a separate standard key (171) to the conventional keyway (148,149) in the shaft. The component is useful in the flange-mounting of different electric motors on off-the-shelf gear units.

Description: This invention relates to a unitary component for driveably connecting a shaft to a bore of a member. It is particularly, but by no means exclusively, relevant to the flange-mounting of electric motors on off-the-shelf gear units. It is commonplace for the purchasers of such units to fit them with different sizes of motors to suit different gear ratios made available by fitting different gears in the same gear casing, and said motors frequently have different sizes of drive shafts. The input gear of such a unit is driveably connected to a steel sleeve mounted in bearings in the gear casing and having a bore with a conventional key-way of rectangular cross-section for the reception of the motor drive shaft. Where the motor drive shaft is nominally of the same diameter as the bore, they are driveably interconnected by a conventional steel key. Where, as frequently happens, the motor drive shaft is of smaller diameter than the bore, a slotted nylon sleeve is fitted to fill the annular space between them and they are driveably interconnected by a steel key of greater than normal height extending through the slot in said sleeve. Due to the fretting corrosion experienced between like metals in driving contact with one another, to the tendency of a key of greater than normal height to be tilted over by the torque transmitted through it, and to axial misalignment of the shaft and the sleeve due to the mounting flanges of the motor and the gear unit frequently being out of square with each other, failures of the key or of the bearing in the unit are not uncommon. The object of the present invention is to avoid this problem. According to the invention there is provided a unitary component for use in driveably connecting a shaft in which there is formed a conventional keyway of rectangular cross-section, to a bore of a member, the bore being of larger diameter than the shaft, in which said component includes a sleeve adapted to fit between the shaft and the bore and means on the inner surface of the sleeve enabling it to be driveably connected to the keyway in the shaft and characterised by an elongate integral key of curved cross-section formed lengthwise along the outer surface of the sleeve and adapted to engage an elongate keyway of corresponding curved cross-section formed in the bore. Preferably, the means enabling the sleeve to be driveably connected to the keyway in the shaft comprises a keyway formed in the inner periphery of the sleeve and having the same rectangular cross-section as the keyway in the shaft, whereby the keyways are adapted to be driveably interconnected by a separate key of rectangular cross-section. Preferably, the centre-lines of the key formed on the outer periphery and the keyway formed in the inner periphery of the sleeve lie on the same radius of the sleeve, the key being circumferentially wider than the keyway. Preferably, the sleeve is split longitudinally. Preferably, the sleeve is split longitudinally at a point diametrically opposite the said radius. Preferably, the unitary component is formed of flexible reinforced plastics material. Such material may comprise glass-filled nylon. Preferably, the sleeve has a multiplicity of small longitudinally extending circumferentially spaced ridges formed on its outer periphery to take up manufacturing tolerances. The unitary component may be formed of sintered non-ferrous metal. The metal is preferably phosphor-bronze. Preferably, the sleeve has an inwardly projecting flange at one end adapted to engage a blind end of the bore and the adjacent end of the shaft. The unitary component may consist of an extruded section. The present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a gear unit and part of an electric motor flange-mounted at its left-hand end; Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation of a similar gear unit and parts of two different electric motors flange-mounted respectively above and below the input centre-line at its left-hand end; Figure 3 is an end elevation on a larger scale of an input sleeve forming part of the gear unit shown in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a cross-section on a larger scale of one form of unitary component for driveably connecting the motor drive shaft to an input sleeve forming part of the gear unit shown in Figure 1, not according to the invention; Figure 5 is an end elevation on a larger scale of a unitary component according to the invention for driveably connecting the drive shaft of the motor shown below the input centre-line to the input sleeve of the gear unit shown in Figure 2; and Figures 6a to 6g show diagrammatically three our different size ranges embracing both forms of unitary components. Figures 6b, 6d, 6e, 6h and 6g show embodiments according to the invention. Figures 6a, 6c and 6f show embodiments not according to the invention. Referring now to the drawings, a unitary main casing 10 of the double reduction gear unit shown in Figure 1 is essentially the same as a unitary main casing 110 of the double reduction gear unit shown in Figure 2, the only difference being that the main casing 10 is adapted to stand on feet 12 whereas the main casing 110 is adapted to be mounted by a flange 112. The main casing 10 includes an internal web 14, and has fixed to it by set-screws (not shown) an end plate 16 incorporating a bearing housing 18 and a motor mounting flange 20. A steel sleeve 22 mounted in bearings 24 in the housing 18 has an input pinion 26 driveably connected to it by any suitable means such as pressing, adhesive, a key, splines, or serrations. The input pinion 26 meshes with a gear wheel 28 rigidly secured on an intermediate shaft 30 mounted in bearings 32 in the main casing 10, and a pinion 34 integral with the intermediate shaft 30 meshes with an output gear wheel 36 rigidly secured on an output shaft 38 which is mounted in bearings 40 in the main casing 10 so as to be co-axial with the sleeve 22 and pinion 26. The gear unit shown in Figure 2 has parts corresponding to those of the gear unit shown in Figure 1, and these are indicated by the same reference numerals with the prefix 1, for example the output shaft in Figure 2 is numbered 138. The centre distance between the intermediate shaft 34 and the output shaft 38 is the same as that between the shafts 134 and 138, but the pinions 26 and 34 have smaller pitch circle diameters than the pinions 126 and 134 while the gear wheels 28 and 36 have larger pitch circle diameters than the gear wheels 128 and 136 so that the speed reduction ratio of the gear unit shown in Figure 1 is considerably greater than that of the gear unit shown in Figure 2. Consequently, the gear unit shown in Figure 1 requires a relatively small electric motor 42 with a small drive shaft 44 which in the embodiment illustrated has the same nominal diameter as a bore 46 in that end of the sleeve 22 remote from the pinion 26. The drive shaft 44 has a conventional keyway 48 of rectangular cross-section and is driveably connected to the bore 46 by a unitary component 50 (see Figure 4) not according to the invention made by cutting an appropriate length from an extruded section of flexible reinforced plastics material constituted by 30 per cent to 40 per cent glass-filled nylon. The component 50 has an integral- key 52 of the same rectangular cross-section as the keyway 48 for engagement driveably therein, said key having chamfered corners 54, and an integral key 56 of curved cross-section for engagement in a keyway (not specifically shown but like the keyway 176 in Figure 3 hereinafter referred to) of correspondingly curved cross-section formed in the bore 46. The key 56 is circumferentially wider than the key 52, and those surfaces 58 of the key 56 which are adapted to overlie the periphery of the drive shaft 44 have a concave shaft corresponding to the convex shape of said periphery, so as to give the component 50 maximum support against being tilted over by the torque transmitted through it. Undercuts 60 are provided where the surfaces 58 join the key 52, to ensure that said surfaces make unimpeded close contact with the periphery of the drive shaft 44. The flexible plastics component 50 obviates fretting corrosion at the motor/gear unit drive interface and accommodates any misalignment due to the mounting flange 20 on the gear unit and that on the electric motor 42 being out of square with each other. The gear unit shown in Figure 2 can be driven by several different larger electric motors. Two such motors 142 and 143 are partially illustrated having different dimensions including different sizes of drive shafts 144 and 145 each of which is of differingly smaller diameter than a bore 146 in that end of the sleeve 122 remote from the pinion 126. The shafts 144 and 145 have different sized conventional keyways 148 and 149. The differing dimensions of the motors 142 and 143 require the end plate 116 to have alternative mounting flanges 120 or 121. The drive shafts 144 and 145 are alternatively driveably connected to the bore 146 by respective unitary components 162 and 163 which are identical other than dimensionally. By way of example, the component 162 shown in Figure 5 will now be described in detail. It is formed of moulded flexible reinforced plastics material constituted by 30 per cent to 40 per cent glass filled nylon. The component 162 comprises a sleeve 164 adapted to fit between the shaft 144 and the bore 146, said sleeve having an inwardly projecting flange 166 at one end adapted to engage between a blind end of the bore 146 and the adjacent end of the shaft 144. The sleeve 164 has a multiplicity of small longitudinal extending circumferentially spaced ridges 168 formed on its outer periphery to take up manufacturing tolerances. A keyway 170 having the same rectangular cross section as the keyway 148 is formed in the inner periphery of the sleeve 164, and both said inner periphery and the keyway 170 have a chamfer 172 at that end remote from the flange 166. The sleeve 164 also has an integral key 174 of curved cross section formed on its outer periphery and adapted to engage in a keyway 176 (see Figure 3) of correspondingly curved cross section formed in the bore 146. The keyways 148 and 170 are adapted to be driveably interconnected by a conventional separate steel key 171 of rectangular cross section shown in broken lines. The centre lines of the key 174 and the keyway 170 lie on the same radius of the sleeve 164, and the key 174 is circumferentially wider than the keyway 170 to maintain adequate strength despite their proximity to each other. The flexible plastics component 162 operates in principle exactly like the superficially dissimilar component 50 hereinbefore described, and likewise obviates fretting corrosion at the motor/gear unit drive interface and accommodates any misalignment due to the mounting flange 120 on the gear unit and that on the electric motor 142 being out of square with each other. In a modification of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 5, the sleeve 164 is split longitudinally as indicated at 165 in broken lines at a point diametrically opposite the radius on which lie the centre lines of the key 174 and the keyway 170, to increase the flexibility of the component 162. In another modification of said embodiment, the flange 166 is omitted and the component 162 can then be made by cutting an appropriate length from an extruded section of flexible reinforced plastic material. In a modification of the embodiments shown in Figures 4 (not according to the invention) and 5 (according to the invention), the components 50 and 162 can be formed of sintered non ferrous metal constituted by phosphor-bronze. This equally well obviates the problem of fretting corrosion at the motor/gear unit drive interface, but only provides an estimate 10 per cent of the flexibility of the reinforced plastics components and is more costly. Significantly, different sizes of gear units having different sizes of steel sleeves such as 22 and 122 driveably connected to their input pinions require corresponding size ranges of components such as 50 and 162. One such range is shown in Figures 6a and 6b in the first of which a steel sleeve of small bore size is driveably connected to a motor shaft of nominally the same diameter as said bore by a sleeveless component, not according to the invention, such as 50 and in the second of which a steel sleeve of the same bore size is driveably connected to a motor shaft of smaller diameter than said bore by a sleeve-type component, according to the invention, such as 162 and a conventional steel key such as 171. A second, intermediate sized range is shown in Figures 6c to 6e, and a third, larger range is shown in Figures 6f to 6h. The drawings referred to in this paragraph are believed to be self explanatory in the light of the preceding description, and are included merely to demonstrate the size ranges possible. This invention is broadly applicable to the driving connection of a shaft to a bore of a member in any sort of mechanism. The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification. The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s).

Claims: A unitary component (162,163) for use in driveably connecting a shaft (144,145) in which there is formed a conventional keyway (148,149) of rectangular cross-section, to a bore (146) of a member (122), the bore (146) being of larger diameter than the shaft, in which said component (162,163) includes a sleeve (164) adapted to fit between the shaft and the bore and means (170) on the inner surface of the sleeve (164) enabling it to be driveably connected to the keyway in the shaft and characterised by an elongate integral key (174) of curved cross-section formed lengthwise along the outer surface of the sleeve and adapted to engage an elongate keyway (176) of corresponding curved cross-section formed in the bore (146). A unitary component according to claim 1 in which the means (170) enabling the sleeve to be driveably connected to the keyway in the shaft comprises a keyway (170) formed in the inner periphery of the sleeve (164) and having the same rectangular cross-section as the keyway (148, 149) in the shaft, whereby the keyways are adapted to be driveably interconnected by a separate key (171) of rectangular cross-section. A unitary component according to claim 2 in which the centre-lines of the key (174) formed on the outer periphery and the keyway (170) formed in the inner periphery of the sleeve (164) lie on the same radius of the sleeve (164), the key (174) being circumferentially wider than the keyway (170). A component according to claim 2 or claim 3 in which the sleeve (164) is split longitudinally. A component according to claim 3 in which the sleeve (164) is split longitudinally at a point (165) diametrically opposite the said radius. A unitary component according to any preceding claim formed of flexible reinforced plastics material. A unitary component according to claim 6 formed of glass-filled nylon. A unitary component according to any one of claims 6-7 in which the sleeve has a multiplicity of small longitudinally extending circumferentially spaced ridges (168) formed on its outer periphery to take up manufacturing tolerances. A unitary component according to any one of claims 1-5 formed of sintered non-ferrous metal. A unitary component according to claim 9 formed of phosphor-bronze. A unitary component according to any one of claims 6-10 in which the sleeve (164) has an inwardly projecting flange (166) at one end adapted to engage a blind end of the bore (146) and the adjacent end of the shaft (144, 145). A unitary component according to any one of claims 6-8 consisting of an extruded section.

Inventors: MAKIN DAVID, MORELLI PETER ALAN, TAYLOR KYM FARRAND, MAKIN, DAVID, MORELLI, PETER ALAN, TAYLOR, KYM FARRAND
Applicants: BROWN DAVID ENG LTD, DAVID BROWN ENGINEERING LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: F16D1
IPC codes: F16D1