ANTI-OBESITY DRUGS

Abstract: Obesity is treated by the administration to a subject of a compound having the general formula (I): R4-(CH2)n-CO-N(R1)-CH(R2)-CO(-R3), wherein R1 represents H or CH3; R2 represents a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid; R3 represents OH, OCH2CH3 and NH2; n is 6-18; and R4 represents CH3 or a group having the general formula (II): R3-CO-CH(R2)-N(R1)-CO-, wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the above meanings. The compounds of formula (I) wherein R4 is a group of formula (II), are novel compounds.

Description: ANTI-OBESITY DRUGS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is in the field of treatment and prevention of obesity. The present invention provides compositions and methods for the treatment or prevention of usch disorders utilizing, as active ingredient, lypophilic derivatives of natural amino acids. Furthermore, the present invention provides certain such novel compounds. PRIOR ART The following prior art is believed to be relevant as a background to the present invention: 1. Bar-Tana et al, J. Biol. Chem., 1985, 260, 8404-8410. 2. Rose- ahn et al, J. Biol. Chem., 1985, 260, 8411-8415. 3. Bar-Tana et al, J. Lipid Res., 1988, 29, 431-441. 4. Frenkel et al, J. Biol Chem., 1988, 263, 8491-8497. 5. Tzur et al, Diabetes, 1988, 37, 1618-1624. 6. U.S. Patent No. 4,634,795. 7. U.S. Patent No. 4,689,344. 8. U.S. Patent No. 4,711,896. 9. U.S. Patent No. 4,908,385. In the following text, reference to these prior art publications will be made by indicating in brackets their number from the above list. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Energy from food is primarily provided by carbohydrates and lipids. Carbohydrates usually supply the immediate energy needs and their excess is stored as glycogen in the liver or converted to lipids. Lipids can also be metabolized as immediate energy providing substances but their rate of energy provision is relatively slow and they are generally stored in the body for use in states of deprivation. Lipid is stored in the body mostly as fat under the skin and.consumption of lipids and carbohydrates beyond the metabolic need leads tα fattening. The associated medical and aesthetic problems, are a major concern in modern society. Apart from surgery and dietary means for reduction of fat absorption in the small intestine, there are presently no satisfactory means for reducing fat storage in the body and the current means of choice are still diet and exercise. There is, however, a desire for drugs which will reduce fat accumulation by inhibiting lipid and lipoprotein synthesis in the liver. Recently, a series of β,β' tetramethyl substituted α,ω dicarboxylic acids (MEDICA) have been synthesized and suggested as potential anti-fattening dmgs ( - 1~4 ' 6~9 The most potent drug of this series was found to be the hexadecane derivative (MEDICA 16). It was demonstrated that MEDICA, which is a non-naturally occurring fatty acid, could inhibit biosynthetic pathways of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver. Experiments with MEDICA 16 given in the diet to normal and obese rats have indicated a strong inhibition of glyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver evidenced by a marked reduction in their serum contents ® . Furthermore, in the obese animals adipose tissue was reduced by about 75% over the whole body concomitantly to extensive weight loss (5) . However, the metabolic clearance of these compounds via integration into glycerol esters or via oxidation is relatively slow due to the presence of carboxylate at the two edges of the molecules and the β alkyl substitution. Despite their impressive effect, MEDICA are expected to exert a long term toxicity due to their non- compatible molecular structure. Thus, chronic intake of MEDICA, which is required for maintaining a low fat state, would likely be associated with adverse toxic effects in the long run. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is the object of the present invention to provide a pharma¬ ceutical composition, method and dietary supplements for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide such composition and method utilizing lipophilic derivatives of natural amino acids. It is a further object of the present invention to provide certain novel lipophilic derivatives of natural amino acids useful in such composi¬ tions and methods. The remaining objects of the present invention will be illustrated from the following description and claims. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION By a first of its aspects, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of obesity comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and, as an active ingredient, a compound having the general Formula I: R 4 -(CH 2 ) n -CO-N(R 1 )-CH(R 2 )-CO(R 3 ) (I) wherein R j represents H or CH 3 ; . R 2 represents a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid; R 3 represents OH, OCH 2 CH 3 and NH 2 ; n is 6 - 18, preferably 12 - 16; and R 4 represents CH 3 or a group having the general Formula II: R 3 -CO-CH(R 2 )-N(R 1 )-CO- (II) wherein R 1? 2 and R 3 have the above meanings. The present invention also provides methods for the treatment of obesity comprising administering to a subject in need an effective amount of an active ingredient being a compound having the general Formula I as defined above. The present invention also provides a dietary supplement for the prevention of obesity comprising an active ingredient being a compound of the general Formula I as defined above. The compounds according to Formula I wherein R 4 represents a group of Formula II are novel, and such compounds are also provided by the present invention. An example of compounds of Formula I wherein R 4 is CH 3 , is N-palmitoyl sarcosine (P-Sar) having the Formula III: CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 14 -CO-N(CH 3 )-CH 2 COOH (HI) Examples of compounds of Formula I, in which R^ represents a group having the general Formula II, are N,N' sebacoyl bis-glycine (GSG), having the Formul IV: HOOC-CH 2 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 8 -CO-NH-CH 2 -COOH (IV) N,N' sebacoyl bis ^-aspargin (NSN), having the Formula V: (CH 2 ) 8 -[CO-NH-CH(CH 2 CONH 2 )-COOH] 2 (V) N,N' sebacoyl bis-sarcosine [S(Sar) 2 ] having the Formula VI: (CH 2 ) 8 -[CO-N(CH 3 )-CH 2 -COOH] 2 (VI) N,N' sebacoyl bis-sarcosine-ethylester [S(SarOEt) 2 ], having the Formula VII: (CH 2 ) 8 -[CO-N(CH 3 )-CH 2 -COO-C 2 H 5 ] 2 (VII) and N,N' sebacoyl bis-phenylalanine (FSF), having the Formula VIII: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows the effect of NSW (0.1% w/w in purina) on weight of 3 months old mice during a 1 month ad lib. feeding; Fig. 2 shows the effect of several anti-fattening agents including a fattening diet in accordance with the invention (0.1% w/w in purina + 6% corn oil) on weight of 3 months old mice; Fig.3 shows the daily weight of adult mice administered with various anti-fattening agents of the invention; and Fig. 4 shows the effect of treatment with NSN on the 3 H 2 0 incorporation to liver and adipose tissue of adult mice. The present invention will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples. Example 1: preparation of compounds Lypophilic derivatives of the natural amino acids can be synthesized via the N-hydroxy succinimide ester of the respective fatty acid. Such active esters react with primary or secondary amine to form the corresponding amide while liberating a free N-hydroxy succinimide. In the following are three examples of such synthesis: A: preparation of P-Sar Hydroxy succinimide ester of palmitic acid (PHS) was obtained from SIGMA. One volume of 30mM PHS in tetrahydrofuran was mixed with one volume of excess sarcosine (0.3 M) in 0.1 M of aqueous sodium bicarbonate according to the procedure described by Lapidot etal, J. Lipids Res., 1967, 8, 142. The mixture was mixed at 40°C for 24 hours. The tetrahydrofuran was then evaporated and the mixture was acidified to pH 1 with HC1, whereupon the crude product precipitated and was collected. After washing with water the product was crystallized from isopropanol. B: preparation of GSG (a) 1 mole of sebacic acid was reacted with 2 moles of N- hydroxysuccinimide and 2 moles of dicyclohexyl carbondiimide in ethyl acetate. The resulting compound, 1,10 sebacoyl di (N-hydroxy- succinimide) ester, [Seb-(NHS) 2 ] was crystallized from isopropanol. Seb(NHS) 2 was found to have an m.p. of 159°C. (b) 1 volume of 30mM Seb(NHS) 2 in tetrahydrofuran with 1 volume excess glycine (0.3 M) in aqueous 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate according to the procedure described by Lapidot et al, supra. After 24 hours of mixing at 40°C, the tetrahydrofuran was evaporated under reduced pressure and the product was precipitated by acidifying with 1M HC1 to pH 1. The precipitate was collected and washed with water. Crystallization was from isopropanol. C: preparation of NSN NSN was prepared by the same procedure of Example (B) except that instead of glycine in step (b), 1-asparagine was used. The remaining compounds described in the following were prepared in a similar manner, mutatis mutandis. Example 2: Experimental results (a) Two groups of 5 three months old mice were fed with purina, ad lib. The diet of 1 group was supplemented with NSN (0.1% w/w in purina). The weight increase of the mice in each group was measured over 31 days and the results shown in Fig. 1 clearly demonstrate that the weight increase of the experimental group, was far less than that in the control group. (b) 5 groups of 5 three months old mice each, were fed with a fattening diet consisting of purina and 6% corn oil, and out of these five groups, the diet of four was supplemented with anti-fattening drugs in accordance with the invention (0.1% w/w in the food). The following drugs were tested: P-Sar, GSG, S(Sar) 2 and S(SarOEt) 2 . The results shown in Fig. 2 clearly demonstrate that the weight increase of the treated animals was far less than that of the animals of the control group. (c) Adult mice were divided-into 9 groups of five mice each, and were fed with normal purina ad lib. and 8 groups received one of the following supplements in their diet (0.25% or 0.35% w/w in the food): dNSN, NSN, dlFSF and FSF. One group did not receive any supplement and served as control. Food consumption was ad lib. The treatment was over a period of 40 days after which it was ceased and all groups of animals returned to a normal diet. The results shown in Fig. 3 clearly demonstrate that some of the supplements caused even a slight increase over control. Thus for example, while an increase was observed with 0.25% FSF, a considerable decrease in weight over the entire tested period was observed with 0.35%. FSF. Accordingly it is believed that upon increase of the concentration of these drugs they will al have an anti-fattening affect (d) 8-12 months old mice were administered with NSN either intra peritonelly (LP.) or Per Os (P.O.), 10 mg per day for 4 days. The incorporation of 3 H 2 0 to liver and adipose tissue was tested. For that purpose tritiated water was injected LP. after overnight fast and 2 hours later the animals were sacrificed and the incorporation into lipids of the liver and the adipose tissue were determined by measuring radioactivity. The results shown in Fig. 4, clearly demonstrate the decrease in treated water incorporation into the treated animals.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of obesity comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and, as an active ingredi¬ ent, a compound having the general Formula I: RHCHΛ-CO-NO^-CHO^-COO-Ra) (I) wherein R j represents H or CH 3 ; R 2 represents a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid; R 3 represents OH, OCH 2 CH 3 and NH 2 ; n is 6 - 18; and R 4 represents CH 3 or a group having the general Formula II: wherein R„ 1^ and R 3 have the above meanings. 2. A pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1, compris¬ ing as active ingredient a compound which is a member of the group consisting of N-palmitoyl sarcosin, N,N'-sebacoyl bis-glycine, N',N- sebacoyl bis J?-aspargine, N,N'-sebacoyl bis d-aspargine N',N-sebacoyl bis sarcosin, N,N'-sebacoyl bis-sarcosin-ethylester and N,N'-sebacoyl bis- phenylalanine. 3. A dietary supplement for preventing obesity comprising a compound of formula I as defined in Claim 1. 4. A method for the treatment of obesity comprising administer¬ ing to a subject in need an effective amount of a compound of formula I as defined in Claim 1. 5. Use of a cαπpσund having the qeneral formula I as defined in claims 1 or 2 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical cαroosition for the treatment of obesity. 6. A compound of the general formula I: RHCH^-CO-N^-CHOy-COOt,) G) wherein R x represents H or CH 3 ; R 2 represents a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid; R 3 represents OH, OCH 2 CH 3 and NH 2 ; n is 6 - 18; and R 4 represents a group of the general formula II: Bs-CO-CHC ^-NCR^CO- <ro wherein R 1} R-j and R 3 have the above meanings. 7. A phaππaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceuticallv acceptable carr i er and, as an active ingredient, a c roound accor d in g to claim 6 . 8. Use of a compound having the general Formula I: R 4 -(CH 2 ) n -CO-N(R 1 )-CH(R 2 )-CO(-R 3 ) α) wherein R x represents H or CH 3 ; R 2 represents a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid; R 3 represents OH, OCH 2 CH 3 and NH 2 ; n is 6 - 18; and R 4 represents CH 3 or a group having the general Formula II: R 3 -CO-CH(R 2 )-N(R 1 )-CO- <P) wherein R 1? 2 and R 3 have the above meanings for -cc-πibattinσ obesity.

Inventors: SHINITZKY MEIR, SHINITZKY, MEIR
Applicants: COHN MICHAEL, SENYORINA LTD, SHINITZKY MEIR, COHN, MICHAEL, SENYORINA LTD.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P3, C07C233, C07C237