Recording and reproducing apparatus

Abstract: In program retrieval using a magnetic tape in which programs are classified by index signals recorded on the tape, an image at the beginning of each program is displayed in a list on a multi-screen, and a desired program is directly selected using a count value of index signals. In recording, an index signal is recorded at a starting point of recording. When preparing a multi-screen at the time of reproducing, an image reproduced a predetermined time after detection of an index signal is reduced and stored in a memory.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a digital recording and reproducing apparatus (digital VTR) for recording and reproducing video signals, audio signals and others. Description of the Related Art One known digital VTR is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-217179 (1991), in which data associated with the recording contents stored on a tape are recorded in a start end part of the tape. Reference is made to Fig. 1 for explaining the record format of a magnetic tape and the arrangement of recording regions for various record signals throughout the magnetic tape, according to the above prior art. Fig. 1(a) shows the arrangement of recording signals stored within one track of the magnetic tape. One track is divided into several regions. Specifically, inward from the start end of the track are a video data region, audio data region, servo-pilot signal region and sub code region. The sub code region is further divided into several regions, that is, a region for data detection synchronization (SYNC), a region for track numbers etc. (ID), a region for symbol and character data etc. (addition data) and a recording region (parity) for error-correcting codes. Fig. 1(b) shows the location of the recording regions for record signals in the entire tape. Specifically, (P1) through (Pn) denote recording regions for recording n-number of programs composed of video and audio signals, and (A1) through (An) denote recording regions for recording addition data for the above n-number of programs. The tape is also divided width-wise into a region (S1) for recording video and audio data and a region (S2) for recording addition data, and divided length-wise into a region (A) for recording addition data collected from respective programs and an ordinary recording region. During reproducing, information on the recording contents is obtained, by obtaining addition data from the region (A). As a prior art in which data for the recording contents of a tape are stored in a start end of the tape, the following analog VTR adopting the VHS method is known. In this prior art, by the use of an A/D converter, reproducing video signals for one screen are converted into digital data and stored in a memory, and when a plurality of screens are stored, those screens are all reduced in size so as to be stored and displayed in one screen (multi-screen). Then, such a multi-screen is recorded in the start end of the tape by insertion. In reproducing, the multi-screen thus recorded by insertion is reproduced in order to obtain information on the recording contents. There is known still another prior art, of which idea can be easily imagined from the above two conventional examples. In a digital VTR according to this method, a part of the video and audio data of each program to be recorded on a tape is stored in the start end of the tape using the same format as that of the program. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 3-217179 (1991) teaches a method as described above, and it has therefore disadvantages in that: only addition data are reproduced from the start end of the tape, but video data and audio data stored in the large part of the tape cannot be confirmed at all. In order to confirm the video and audio data, it is necessary to execute reproducing, after moving the tape based on the addition data until the position where the above data are recorded is reached. This is troublesome and requires much time. The prior art adopting the VHS method is also disadvantageous, because although video signals can be confirmed at the start end of the tape, it is hard to see screens since the size of a screen is reduced as the number of screens is increased. Another disadvantage of this method is that sound cannot be confirmed. The method, in which a digital VTR records a part of data for each program in the start end of a tape with the same format as that of the record format used for each program, has the following problem. Generally, the contents of a video signal can be identified by reading one frame or one field, whilst the contents of an audio signal cannot be identified within the time (i.e., 1/30 second or 1/60 second), within which a video signal can be identified. In order to identify the contents of an audio signal, a couple of seconds or more are needed. It is desirable to take a time as short as possible to identify the data stored in the start end of the tape. If the recording time is set on condition that video signals can be identified, audio signals cannot be identified at all. On the other hand, if the recording time is set on condition that audio signals can be identified, much time will be wasted when identifying the contents of most video signals. Referring to Fig. 2, a prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus will be hereinafter described. In recent years, the number and contents of programs recorded by a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus should have been written down on labels or the like, or memorized by the user. Following is a description of a method in which a program is retrieved by the use of a prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus. Firstly, the operation at the time of recording will be explained. In recording, an index signal is recorded in the beginning of a program to be recorded, especially in a particular position which is intended to be retrieved when reproducing. Such an index signal is automatically recorded at the start of recording, or arbitrarily recorded at any time. In this case, the recording of an index signal is performed in such a way that the user inputs index signal recording data through an operation unit 51. The operation data from the operation unit 51 are entered in a control unit 52 and then the control unit 52 controls a CTL signal processor 53. The CTL signal processor 53 records an index signal for several seconds, the index signal being obtained by changing the duty ratio of a CTL signal (a control signal for the beginning of each program). Accordingly, one tape can be divided for storing a plurality of programs by the use of index signals. Next, the retrieval operation will be explained. The user retrieves a program by operating index retrieval keys on the operation unit 51, the index retrieval keys consisting of a key for retrieving in the forward direction and one for the backward direction. When depressing the forward index retrieval key for example, input data are sent through the operation unit 51 to the control unit 52 and the control unit 52 controls a running control unit 55 through a motor drive servo circuit 54, whereby the tape is rapidly traversed. The CTL signal reproduced at that time is supplied to an index discriminating circuit 56, and upon finding of an index signal, an index discovery signal is sent to the control unit 52. Upon receipt of the index discovery signal, the control unit 52 controls the motor drive servo circuit 54 and a reproducing circuit 58 as follows. After the motor drive servo circuit 54 has allowed the running control unit 55 to stop the rapid traverse and to rewind the tape up to the position where an index signal is stored, the apparatus is set in "reproducing" mode. When the apparatus is in "reproducing" mode, the reproducing circuit 58 amplifies the signal reproduced from a head and changes it back to the original video signal to release as an output. An image is produced on a TV receiver 64 based on the video signal, thereby completing the data retrieval. If the user depresses two times the index retrieval key on the operation unit 51 for example, the retrieval operation will be performed until two index signals are found. The index search in the backward direction can be performed in the similar way. In this case, the retrieval is performed in the direction that the tape is rewound. Besides the above-described method, the following retrieval methods are known. In one known method, the duty ratio of a CTL signal is precisely controlled and set to be address data, and the location of each program is represented by an absolute address. In data retrieval, the program can be directly retrieved by inputting the address data by the user. Another method is such that a CTL signal is precisely controlled and set to be linear time counter data, and a recording time is recorded on the tape. In data retrieval, the user inputs a counter value of the beginning of a program, whereby the program can be directly retrieved. Since the conventional magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus are designed as described above, they are disadvantageous in the following point: in order to retrieve a desired program, the user has to take such a troublesome procedure that the contents of a magnetic tape are previously memorized or written down on labels or the like, and then the desired program is retrieved with the help of his memory or referring to the labels. In the case of the arrangement in which a program can be directly selected, an encoder and a decoder are required for dealing with address data for precisely controlling the duty ratio of a CTL signal or linear time counter data. This increases not only the scale of the circuit but also the production cost. In recent years, apparatus for recording and reproducing video signals such as video tape recorders have been extensively used in broadcasting stations as well as for amateur use in the home. Most families use a number of cassette tapes which are a recording medium for such apparatus. Therefore, there has been a growing demand for a method and apparatus with which the recording contents of a cassette tape can be easily confirmed and data retrieval can be readily performed. A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus, in which a multi-screen is prepared from video signals for the purpose of performing confirmation of the recording contents and data retrieval, is disclosed in Japanese Application Laid-Open 63-4478 (1988). The structure and operation of this apparatus will be described below. Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the aforesaid magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus. Firstly, in recording, an address is set by an operation unit 71 at a tape position which is intended to be detected at the start of recording or especially in reproducing, and a driving switch is turned. The switch data and address data entered through the operation unit 71 are supplied to a control unit 72, and then, the control unit 72 releases an output of conversion data to a control record signal processor 74 according to the address data. The control record signal processor 74 records a control record signal on a magnetic tape in compliance with the conversion data from the control unit 72. Thereafter, a high-speed search button on the operation unit 71 is depressed. The output of the button data from the operation unit 71 is entered in the control unit 72 and the control unit 72 sends a command to a motor drive servo circuit 76 in order to bring a running control unit 77 into its high-speed running state. The running control unit 77 starts high-speed running, being in a sub-loading condition. In the course of the high-speed running, a control signal duty discriminating circuit 73 amplifies a reproduced control signal, shapes its waveform and discriminates the duty ratio. If address data recorded on the magnetic tape are found, they are supplied to the control unit 72. After having been supplied with the address data, the control unit 72 sends a command to the motor drive servo circuit 76 and to a reproducing circuit 75 in order to bring the running control unit 77 into its reproducing state. After the running control unit 77 has been brought into the reproducing state, the motor drive servo circuit 76 controls a motor such as a capstan motor or a cylinder motor in accordance with a reproducing control signal. In the reproducing circuit 75, a reproduced signal from the head is amplified and changed back to the original video signal. The video signal thus obtained is released to a memory circuit 79. After image data have been released, the control unit 72 sends a command to a memory control circuit 80 so that the memory control circuit 80 controls the memory circuit 79 to store the image data and the address data. In compliance with the command from the control unit 72, the memory control circuit 80 controls the memory circuit 79 so as to thin the video data and the address data and to store them at a part thereof. After the data have been reproduced for a certain period of time, the running control unit 77 is set in the high-speed running state again. The above operation is repeated several times, thereby storing in the memory circuit 79 image data recorded in several positions whose address data are stored. The control unit 72 detects whether one field or one frame of the memory circuit 79 is fully filled with data, or whether the magnetic tape is completed. After the detection, the control unit 72 sends a command to the motor drive servo circuit 76 so as to go back to the start end of the tape. After the start end of the magnetic tape has been regained, the running control unit 77 is set in the recording state. The contents of data in the memory circuit 79 are recorded on the magnetic tape, by connecting the memory circuit 79 to the recording circuit 82 by means of a record signal change-over switch 84 and by connecting the recording circuit 82 to the head by means of a recording/reproducing change-over switch 83. When retrieving the tape position, the start end of the magnetic tape is stored in the memory at the same time that an image is formed on a TV receiver 78 based on the reproducing video signal, and after the address of the next tape position to be retrieved has been set based on the image data and address data, high-speed running is executed. The control unit 72 allows the running control unit 77 to be in the reproducing state when the set address becomes coincident with the address data recorded on the magnetic tape. After the running control unit 77 has been set in the reproducing state, a reproducing signal change-over switch 81 is turned so that an image based on the video signal from the reproducing circuit 75 is formed on the TV receiver 78. When performing tape position retrieval again, the reproducing signal change-over switch 81 is turned, an image based on the video signal from the memory circuit 79 is formed on the TV receiver 78, an address setting for the tape position retrieval is executed, and high-speed running is executed. The tape position retrieval is thus performed with the above-described procedure. According to the above prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus, index signals are manually additionally recorded on a magnetic tape in which programs have been already recorded, and video signals from positions where index signals have been recorded are reproduced for preparing a multi-screen. Therefore, in order to prepare a multi-screen , the user has to preliminarily record individual index signals, while consulting reproduced image signals for confirmation. This makes the operation more troublesome and requires much time. According to the other known method, indexes are automatically recorded at the start of recording and data in the positions where the indexes have been recorded are successively reproduced for preparing a multi-screen. In such a method, when timer recording is performed, the positions where an index is to be recorded mostly include commercial films, since commercial films are generally put on the air before and after a program. As a result, the most parts of the multi-screen include commercial films which are not suited for retrieval. There is a method for performing retrieval with the recording contents on a cassette tape being displayed, wherein images at indexed positions of a medium in which video signals have been recorded are stored in the memory and then the images thus stored in the memory are displayed on a monitor screen and used for retrieval. One example is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-102092 (1988). The method disclosed in the above publication will be explained below. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the aforesaid prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus. In recording, a program search signal driving switch provided on an operation unit 101 is turned at a position which is intended to be detected at the start of recording or particularly in reproducing. The switch data entered through the operation unit 101 are supplied to a control unit 102 and the control unit 102 sends a program search signal write-in command to a control record signal processor 104. In accordance with the command, the control record signal processor 104 records, on a magnetic tape, a control record signal whose duty ratio has been changed. In reproducing, a high-speed search button on the operation unit 101 is depressed. A counter 112 is reset at that time. After provided with the switch data from the operation unit 101, the control unit 102 sends a command to a motor drive servo circuit 106 in order to set the running control unit 107 in its high-speed running state. The running control unit 107 starts high-speed running while being in a sub-loading condition. In the course of the high-speed running, a control signal duty discriminating circuit 103 amplifies a reproduced control signal, shapes its waveform and discriminates the duty ratio. When a program search signal is detected, the control signal duty discriminating circuit 103 releases a signal to the control unit 102 in order to inform whether a program search signal is present or absent. The control unit 102 receives the data as to the presence/absence of a program search signal. If a program search signal is present, the control unit 102 stores a tape count value at that time from the counter 112 and sends a command to the motor drive servo circuit 106 and a reproducing circuit 105 in order to bring the running control unit 107 into its reproducing state. After the running control unit 107 has been set in the reproducing state, a reproducing signal change-over switch 111 is connected to the side of the reproducing circuit 105 and the motor drive servo circuit 106 controls, in accordance with a reproduced control signal, a motor such as a capstan motor or cylinder motor. The reproducing circuit 105 amplifies the reproduced signal from the head and changes it back to the original video signal in order to supply to a memory circuit 109. After video data has been released, the control unit 102 sends a command to a memory control circuit 110 so as to supply the video data and address data to the memory circuit 109. The memory control circuit 110 controls the memory circuit 109 in compliance with the command from the control unit 102 such that the memory circuit 109 stores, in a part thereof, a reduced image of a large screen to be reproduced at the time of reproducing. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a display pattern of a TV receiver. The reduced image is stored in a part of the memory circuit 109, that is, the left top part indicated by ADR.1. After the writing of the data in the memory circuit 109 has been completed, the running control unit 107 is set in its high-running state again, and the reproducing signal change-over switch 111 is connected to the side of the memory circuit 109. The above operation is repeatedly performed several times so that the reduced images of large screens to be reproduced at the time of reproducing are successively stored in a part of the memory circuit 109, the part being divided into an N-number of regions. Each time a reduced image is stored, a tape count value from the counter 112 is stored in the control unit 102. The control unit 102 detects whether the memory circuit 109 is fully filled with data or whether the magnetic tape is completed. After the detection, the control unit 102 sends a command to the motor drive servo circuit 106 so as to stop the running of the magnetic tape. At that time, the reproducing signal change-over switch 111 is connected to the side of the memory circuit 109 and images based on picture signals from the memory circuit 109 are formed on a TV receiver 108 as shown in Fig. 5. In retrieving a tape position, the user specifies a tape position by depressing a corresponding ADR number switch on the operation unit 101, viewing images which have been formed on the TV receiver 108 based on the data from the memory circuit 109. Based on the switch data from the operation unit 101 and the tape count value stored in the control unit 102, the tape position is retrieved. When the apparatus is in "reproducing" mode, the switch 111 is turned so that an image based on a signal from the reproducing circuit is formed on the TV receiver 108. If tape position retrieval is again performed, the switch 111 is turned so that images based on the signals from the memory circuit 109 as shown in Fig. 5 are formed on the TV receiver 108. Then, an ADR number on the screen is read and this number is specified through the operation unit 101 for the next retrieval. Since the prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus is designed as described above, the actual retrieval operation requires troublesome operations, that is, reading of an address number composed of one to five digits from the screen, and input operation of entering this number through the operation means. When the number of small screens on the multi-screen is increased, the operation becomes more troublesome. For example, when the number of small screens is 16, an address number composed of at least two digits needs to be read from the screen and input by means of the operation unit 101. Furthermore, since a screen becomes small in size, with an address number composed of an increased number of digits, a large part of the image is behind the address number, causing a difficulty in seeing the image. Another known method is that operation buttons corresponding to respective small screens of the multi-screen are employed for specifying a desired image on the multi-screen. However, this method has also disadvantages tages in the following points: (i) the provision of such buttons increases the production cost; and (ii) in a case where there are a number of small screens, the number of buttons increases as a matter of course, and therefore it becomes difficult to handle the buttons corresponding to the screens. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is desirable to provide a recording and reproducing apparatus capable of preparing a program list composed of images and sounds, even when prolonged recording is performed, by effectively storing confirmable video data and audio data which represent a characteristic feature of each program, at the start end part of a tape together with addition data. It is also desirable to provide a recording and reproducing apparatus whose circuit is small in scale and which has the capability of directly selecting a program. It is also desirable to provide a recording and reproducing apparatus capable of automatically preparing a multi-screen used for confirmation of the contents and retrieval, without much time and trouble. Such a multi-screen includes programs which have been already recorded as well as programs being recorded. Further, the multi-screen can be prepared in timer recording. It is also desirable to provide a recording and reproducing apparatus with which while keeping his eyes on a TV screen to see characters or codes recording position corresponds to an image displayed behind the superposed characters. According to the invention, there is provided a recording apparatus as set out in claim 1. In an embodiment of the recording and reproducing apparatus of the invention, a feature of the video and audio signals of each program stored in a first format region of a tape is stored in the second format in a region just after the start end of the tape, together with symbol data or character data, whereby a summary of each program stored in the first format region can be obtained within a short time. Features of the invention will more fully be apparent from the following detailed description with accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1(a) is a diagram showing an arrangement of recording regions in a prior art; Fig. 1(b) is a diagram showing a location of recording regions in a prior art; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a prior magnetic recordand reproducing apparatus; Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus; Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a prior magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus; Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a display pattern of a prior TV receiver; Fig. 6(a) is a circuit block diagram of a part of a recording and reproducing apparatus according to the invention; Fig. 6(b) is a circuit block diagram of a part of a recording and reproducing apparatus according to the invention; Fig. 6(c) is a circuit block diagram of a part of a recording and reproducing apparatus according to the invention; Fig. 7 is a table showing the relation between the mode, tape format and switch condition of the recording and reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8(a) is a diagram showing an arrangement of recording regions of the recording and reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8(b) is a diagram showing an arrangement of recording regions of the recording and reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8(c) is a diagram showing a location of recording regions of the recording and reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 6; DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, embodiments of the invention will be hereinafter described. (Embodiment 1) A first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 6 is a circuit block diagram of an apparatus of the invention, and Fig. 7 shows the relation between the mode, tape format and switch connection of the apparatus of Fig. 6. When recording is performed with a first format, in a recording system 1 shown in Fig. 6, a video signal in analog form entered from an input terminal 2 is converted into a digital signal by an AID converter 4, and the data amount of the signal is reduced by a high-efficiency encoding circuit 3. The signal then passes through a switch 45, and an error-correcting code to be used in a reproducing system 20 is added to the signal by means of an error correcting code adding circuit 5. An analog audio signal entered from an input terminal 6 is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter 8, and then passes through a switch 46. Thereafter, an error-correcting code is added to the signal by means of an error-correcting code adding circuit 7. Sent to an error-correcting code adding circuit 9 are addition data (i.e., a signal obtained by converting an analog signal entered from an input terminal 10 into symbol data of binary image by a binary circuit 12, and reducing its data amount by a data compressing circuit 13); a character code signal entered from an input terminal 14; a signal such as a time code signal entered from an input terminal 16; and a signal indicating a format, which is released from a format detection signal generator 38 upon receipt of an instruction from a format changing circuit 36. In addition to the above signals, a control signal from a change-over switch 11 is sent to the error-correcting code adding circuit 9. The change-over switch 11 has a switching function to determine whether or not data from the data compressing circuit 13 and the input terminal 14 should be used. The format changing circuit 36 is for changing the record format from the first format to a second format, or vice versa. The format changing circuit 36 also changes a data train generated by a multiplexer 15 in accordance with the selected format and at the same time, sends a command to the format detection signal generator 38 to generate a signal indicating the selected format. At the error-correcting code adding circuit 9, an error-correcting code is added to the above data, and the output of the circuit 3 is supplied to the multiplexer 15 together with output signals from the error-correcting code adding circuit 5 and the error-correcting code adding circuit 7. A recording data train composed of video data, audio data and addition data is generated in accordance with a track format of a first type at the multiplexer 15 and is converted into a pattern signal to be recorded on a tape, at a record encoding circuit 17. After being amplified by a record amplifier 19, this pattern signal passes through a recording/reproducing switch 18 and is then recorded on a magnetic tape T by a head 21. In Fig. 7, the above-described mode is represented by M1 and the record format is F1. In both of switches 45 and 46, terminals c and a are connected to each other. The conditions of switches 47, 48, 49 and 50 may be disregarded. When "reproducing" mode is selected, in Fig. 6, the head 21 firstly reads data recorded on the magnetic tape T. After passing through the recording/reproducing switch 18, the read-out data are supplied to and amplified by a head amplifier 25 in the reproducing system 20. The amplified data are supplied to a data decoding circuit 27 where the data are decoded to a digital signal. At a TBC circuit 29, jitter, which has been generated at the time of recording on the tape or reproducing therefrom, is eliminated from the digital signal, and this digital signal is converted to digital data to which a sync byte is applied. Such digital data are then supplied to a video signal error correcting circuit 31, an audio signal error correcting circuit 33 and a sub code signal error correcting circuit 35 respectively. In the video signal error correcting circuit 31, errors of the video data are corrected, and after passing through the switch 47, the data thus corrected are changed back to the signal before compression at a data elongating circuit 32. The signal is then supplied to a superimposing circuit 34. In the audio signal error correcting circuit 31, errors of the audio data are corrected, and after passing through the switch 48, the data thus corrected are converted into an audio signal by a D/A converter 22 to be supplied to an output terminal 26. In the sub code signal error correcting circuit 35, errors of the sub code signal are corrected. Addition data are supplied to a symbol data elongating circuit 39 or a character forming circuit 41, and the recorded addition data are restored so as to be sent to a switch 43. The switch 43 is opened or closed upon receipt of a signal from a switch control signal generator 37, and has a switching function to determine whether or not the addition signal should be added to the video signal at the superimposing circuit 34. The output of the superimposing circuit 34 is converted into a video signal by a D/A converter 23 and is then sent to an output terminal 24. A reproduced signal for indicating a format is sent from the sub code signal error correcting circuit 35 to a format detecting circuit 28. The format detecting circuit 28 detects whether the record of the magnetic tape T is in the first format or the second format and sends the result of the detection to the TBC circuit 29. In the TBC circuit 29, the sync byte of the digital data is automatically switched according to the detected format. In Fig. 7, the above-described mode is represented by M2. The tape format is automatic change-over of F1 or F2. In both of the switches 47, 48, the terminals c and a are connected to each other. The conditions of the switches 45, 46, 49 and 50 may be disregarded. When writing reproduced video and audio signals in the memory, in "reproducing" mode described with reference to Fig. 6, output video data of the video signal error correcting circuit 31 are written in a memory 40 after passing through the switch 49, and output audio data of the audio signal error correcting circuit 33 are written in a memory 42 after passing through the switch 50. In Fig. 7, the above mode is represented by M8. The tape format is automatic change-over of F1 or F2. In both of the switches 47, 48, the terminals c and a are connected to each other whilst in both of the switches 49 and 50, terminals c and b are connected to each other. The conditions of the switches 45, 46 may be disregarded. When data are recorded on a tape in a second format, the video and audio data in the memory are read out and recorded, but the operation in this case differs from the ordinary "recording" mode M1 in the following point. In Fig. 6, the output of the high-efficiency encoding circuit 3 is not used, but the video data are read out of the memory 40 and supplied to the error-correcting code adding circuit 5 after passing through the switch 45. The output of the A/D converter 8 for audio signals is not used, but the audio data read out of the memory 42 are supplied to the errorcorrecting code adding circuit 7 after passing through the switch 46. The format changing circuit 36 switches the multiplexer 15 and the format detection signal generator 38 so as to record the data in the second format. In Fig. 7, the above mode is represented by M11, and the tape format is F2. In both of the switches 45, 46, the terminals c and b are connected to each other. The conditions of the switches 47, 48, 49 and 50 may be disregarded. When the video and audio data written in the memory are read out and reproduced, the operation in this case differs from "reproducing" mode in the following point. In Fig. 6, the output of the video signal error correcting circuit 31 is not used, but the video data are read out of the memory 40 and supplied to the data elongating circuit 32 after passing through the switch 47. The output of the audio signal error correcting circuit 33 is not used, but the audio data are read out of the memory 42 and supplied to the D/A converter 22 after passing through the switch 48. In Fig. 7, the above mode is represented by M14, and the tape format does not matter. In both of the switches 47, 48, the terminals c and b are connected to each other. The conditions of the switches 45, 46, 49 and 50 may be disregarded. A switch controller 44 is a control circuit for the switches 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 and 50, and has the function of connecting the terminal c to either of the terminal a or b in the respective switches in accordance with the condition of the apparatus. Fig. 7 shows the relation between the operation mode, switch condition, and tape format of the apparatus according to this embodiment. In addition to the above-mentioned modes M1, M2, M8, M11 and M14, there are provided a mode M3 for writing output video data of the high-efficiency encoding circuit 3 in the memory 40; a mode M4 for writing output audio data of the A/D converter 8 for audio signals in the memory 42; a composite mode M5 in which M3 and M4 are combined; a mode M6 for writing only reproduced video data in the memory; a mode M7 for writing only reproduced audio data in the memory; a mode M9 for reading only video data from the memory to record on the tape; a mode M10 for reading only audio data from the memory to record on the tape; a mode M12 for reading only video data from the memory and reproducing them; a mode M13 for reading only audio data from the memory and reproducing them. Fig. 8 shows tape formats for the apparatus of the embodiment. Fig. 8(a) is a first record format F1 in which one track is divided into several regions. Specifically, inward from the starting part of the track are a video data region; an audio data region; a servo-pilot signal region; and a sub-code region. The sub code region is further divided into a region for data detection synchronization (SYNC); a region for track numbers etc. (ID); a region for symbol and character data etc. (addition data); and a recording region for error-correcting codes (parity). In the (ID) region, a signal representing the format F1 is recorded. Fig. 8(b) is a second record format F2 which differs from the format F1 of Fig. 8(a) in the lengths of the video data region and the audio data region. In the (ID) region of the format F2, a signal representing the format F2 is recorded. The proportion of the audio data region to the video data region in the second format F2 is larger than that of the first format F1. In the case where one frame of video signal is recorded as a characteristic scene of a program, the data amount of the signal is calculated as follows: Suppose a video signal of 1/30 second is set as one frame, and a Y signal, an R-Y signal and a B-Y signal of 8 bits are sampled with sampling rates of 13.5MHz, 6.75MHz and 6.75MHz respectively. The data amount in the above condition is described by: (13.5M + 6.75M + 6.75M) × 8bits / 30 = 7.20 Mbits On the other hand, when one channel of audio signal of 16 bits is sampled with a sampling rate of 48kHz, in the respective cases where the sampling cycle is 1/30 second and where the sampling cycle is 5 seconds, the data amounts are obtained by the following equations. 48k × 16bits × (1/30) = 25.6 kbits 48k × 16bits × 5 = 3.84 Mbits The record format may be set with the above data amounts on condition that the same amount of data can be recorded in the same area of the magnetic tape. The proportion of the amount of video data to the amount of audio data in each case is as follows. 7.20 : 0.0256 = 281.25 : 1 7.20 : 3.84 = 1.875 : 1 Specifically, the above equations describe the proportion of the length of the video data region to the length of the audio data region in one track in the first format F1 and in the second format F2. If the amount of video data greatly decreases in the high-efficiency encoding circuit 3, or if data compression is performed in the audio system too, the proportion obtained in those cases may be used instead of the above calculated values. Fig. 8(c) shows the arrangement of recording regions for record signals in the entire tape. Roughly speaking, the tape is divided length-wise into a region (A) for the second format F2 and a region for the first format F1 which follows the region (A). There are a region (P1') and a region (A1) in the front part of the region (A). The region (P1') is for recording the video signal and audio signal of one scene which represents a characteristic feature of a program (P1) The region (A1) is for recording addition data such as characters or symbols corresponding to the program (P1). Regions (Pn') and (An) are similar to the above regions (P1) and (A1). Reference is made to Fig. 8(c) for explaining the case where the region (A) is prepared with the apparatus of the embodiment. When a first program has been already recorded in the region (P1) for example, this program is reproduced and video and audio sample data are written in the memory, in Mode M8. Then, insert recording is performed in Mode M11 at the starting part of the tape. At that time, addition data are entered from the input terminal 10 or 14 to be recorded at the same time. The above operation is applied to each program, thereby preparing the region (A) shown in Fig. 8(c). According to the 1st embodiment, in a VTR capable of recording signals for a long time, the contents can be confirmed and retrieval information can be obtained from video signals, audio signals and addition data recorded in the starting part of the tape, those signals and data representing a program recorded on the tape. This provides much convenience such as achieved by a table of contents for a book.

Claims: A recording apparatus which records digital video data and digital audio data on a recording medium, comprising: means for recording video data and audio data on a recording medium, using digital signals, in a first format and a second format, wherein the second format differs from the first format in the proportion of audio data to video data. A recording apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein in the second format, video data corresponding to one field or one frame of a video signal and audio data corresponding to an audio signal of a specified length of time are recorded as one program. A recording apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein data such as symbols and characters which are related to a program recorded in the first format are added to the data to be recorded in the second format. A recording apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the video data and audio data of a program recorded in the first format are used as video data and audio data to be recorded in the second format. A reproducing apparatus for reproducing signals recorded using an apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 comprising a format detection circuit (28) for discriminating between the first format and the second format based on a reproduced signal. A recording and reproducing apparatus comprising a recording apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 and a reproducing apparatus as claimed in claim 5.

Inventors: HATANAKA KEIJI, HIBI TAKETOSHI, HIRANO AKIYOSHI, IDO KIHEI, MAENO KENJI, ONISHI KEN, SHIROSHITA TAKASHI, UEDA SHINOBU, HATANAKA, KEIJI, HIBI, TAKETOSHI, HIRANO, AKIYOSHI, IDO, KIHEI, MAENO, KENJI, ONISHI, KEN, SHIROSHITA, TAKASHI, UEDA, SHINOBU, Hatanaka, Keiji, c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., Hibi, Taketoshi, c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., Hirano, Akiyoshi, c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., Ido, Kihei, c/o Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Maeno, Kenji, c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., ONISHI, KEN, C/O MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., Shiroshita, Takashi, c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., Ueda, Shinobu, c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K.
Applicants: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP, MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G11B27
IPC codes: G11B27, H04N5