Flipper door mechanism

Abstract: A flipper door mechanism for allowing a door (8) to be moved between a closed position and an open position comprising a door (8) and a support (56) having a first surface (54) and a second surface (60). The door (8) is opened and closed by a movement device (48) which is attached to the door (8) by an attachment device (40). The movement device (48) comprises 1) a pivoting device to pivot the door between the closed position and the open position and vice versa; 2) an engagement device (52) to engage the first surface (54) of the support (56); and 3) a guide (58) to engage the second surface (60) so that when the door (8) is pivoted between the closed position and the open position the engagement device (52) and the guide (58) translationally move along the support (56) to a retracted position.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field Of The Invention This invention relates to a flipper door which is capable of pivoting from a closed position to an open position in which the door is in non-retracted position. The door is capable of translationally moving from the open but non-retracted position to an open and retracted position. Discussion Of Related Art Prior art flipper doors are typically used to provide access to the interior of a cabinet. Some designs include pinion gears attached to the door to allow the door to pivot to an open and horizontal position. Such pinion gears engage horizontal racks attached to the side walls of the cabinet. The pinion gears move along the racks resulting in the door being retracted into the cabinet. However, such prior art flipper doors can experience racking in which each pinion gear moves along the racks at different rates with respect to each other. This causes one side of the door to enter the cabinet faster than the other side of the door causing the door to jam against the side walls of the cabinet. Another example of a flipper door is shown in United States Patent No. 4,265,502 to Blodee et al. describes a cabinet employing a flipper door. The flipper door comprises a planar covering sheet such that when it is in a vertical position it covers the cabinet opening. The covering sheet has two pinions which are connected to a rod. The pinions are positioned on racks so as to provide a support for the covering sheet. To expose the cabinet opening, one pivots the covering sheet about the pinions and the rod to a horizontal position. The covering sheet is then pushed inwardly resulting in the pinions and the covering sheet moving along the racks to a position inside the cabinet. U.S. Patent No. 4,591,214 to Reuter et al. describes a cabinet door assembly comprising horizontal tracks mounted to each side wall of a cabinet. A panel is attached by hinges to tubing which encompasses an equalizer rod having spur gears attached to each end thereof. The panel covers the opening created by the cabinet when in a vertical position. As in Blodee et al., one uncovers the opening by pivoting the panel about the hinge until the panel is in a horizontal position. The panel is pushed from the horizontal position into the cabinet via the gears traveling along racks. U.S. Patent No. 4,600,254 to Whalen describes a flipper door using idler wheels which engage a surface integral with and above a rack. U.S. Patent No. 4,615,570 to Goodman describes a flipper door which is attached to an axle via links and brackets which are directly attached to the axle and door, respectively. The links and brackets are coupled to each other so as to couple the door to the axle. An end of the axle and a stud shaft move along a pair of channels which are located above a rack. Once the axle end and stud shaft make contact with the ends of the channels, the links allow the pivot axis of the flipper door to be shifted forwardly to enable the door to close over the front edges of the side walls of the cabinet. US Patent No. 3,748,005 to Chovanec et al describes a flipper door in which door pivot blocks are fixed at the outer ends of the upper end of the door. At the inner sides of the upper ends of the side walls of the cabinet, are fixed horizontal racks with upwardly facing teeth. The door pivot blocks carry horizontally aligned pivot pins journalled on rack slides, slidably mounted on rack carriers fixed to the side walls of the cabinet and supporting the racks. Rotatably mounted on the rack slides is a transverse shaft, to the ends of which are fixed gears meshing with the racks. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention there is provided a flipper door mechanism which enables a door to be moved between a first open position, in which access is provided through an opening at least partially defined by a wall, and a second position, in which the opening is closed by the door and said access is denied, the mechanism comprising: a support adapted to be attached to the wall and having first and second mutually spaced surfaces, an attachment device adapted to be attached to the door and having an opening, and a movement device carried by the attachment device for engaging the support, the movement device comprising pivoting means to enable the attachment device to pivot about an axis with respect to the support as the door is moved between said open and closed positions, engagement means on said axis to engage the first surface of the support, and a guide located between the engagement means and the attachment device and having a guide portion positioned adjacent the second surface of the support, the engagement means and the guide cooperating with the support so as to be capable of moving translationally with respect to the support following the movement of the door to the open position by pivoting the attachment device with respect to the support characterised in that the engagement means has an annular hub portion and the guide engages both an exterior surface of the annular hub portion and an interior surface of the opening provided in the attachment device in a snug fit, thereby restraining the guide from relative axial movement. Embodiments of the present invention present many advantages such as it allows for the cabinet top to be used for a working surface when the door is opened and retracts below the cabinet top surface. Embodiments of the present invention provide a rack and pinion design which reduces racking of the flipper door during opening, closing and retracting movements of the door. The reduction of racking enables the door to enter the cabinet more evenly so that both sides of the door are fully retracted into the cabinet at substantially the same time. Embodiments of the present invention provide an aesthetically pleasing device in which the flipper door can be retracted fully into the cabinet interior. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a cabinet employing an embodiment of the present invention when the door is in a closed position; FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a cabinet employing an embodiment of the present invention when the door is opened but not in a retracted position; FIG. 1C is a perspective view of a cabinet employing an embodiment of the present invention when the door is opened and is in a retracted position; FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the interior of the cabinet of FIG. 1A when the door is in the closed position; FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the interior of the cabinet of FIGS. 1A and 2 when the door is in the closed position; FIG. 4 is a top cross-sectional view of the interior of the cabinet of FIGS. 1A, 2, and 3 when the door is in the closed position; FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the interior of the cabinet of FIG. 1C when the door is in the open and retracted position; FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of an embodiment of a pinion gear to be used with the cabinet of FIGS. 1-5; FIG. 7A is a front view of an embodiment of a guide to be used with the cabinet of FIGS. 1-5; and FIG. 7B is a side view of the embodiment of the guide of FIG. 7A. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present flipper door mounting mechanism is illustrated in FIGS. 1A-C and 2-7. In FIGS. 1A-C, the various movements of the flipper door mounting mechanism are shown. The flipper door mounting mechanism preferably is employed with a cabinet having one or more drawers. The cabinet may either be a separate entity or in combination with a paneling system such as The Spot System commercialized by Herman Miller, Incorporated. As seen in FIGS 1A-C, the cabinet 2 comprises a pair of parallel side walls 4, a top wall 6, and a door 8. The cabinet 2 further comprises a rear wall 10 which, in one embodiment, is a panel of a paneling system to which side and top walls 4 and 6, respectively, are attached. In another embodiment, rear wall 10 is a separate independent piece attached to the side and top walls 4 and 6. Attached to side walls 4 is a bottom shelf 12 (FIG. 2) which allows various items to be supported thereon. Bottom shelf 12 comprises a substantially horizontal rectangular surface 14 and a pair of downwardly extending vertical side flanges 16. Each vertical side flange 16 comprises two or more aligned connectors 18 spaced from each other. Connectors 18 have openings 20 which are aligned with corresponding openings 22 located on each side wall 4 so that bottom shelf 12 is attached to side walls 4 by inserting well known attachment devices, such as nuts and bolts, through both openings 20 and 22. Door 8 is used to either allow or deny entrance to those items supported on bottom shelf 12. Preferably, walls 4, 6, 10, door 8, and bottom shelf 12 are made of a structurally sound material, such as steel, wood, particle board, or plastic. Furthermore, the walls, door, and shelf are substantially rectangular wherein their dimensions are chosen so as to enable one to store such items as file folders. As illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 2, and 3, door 8 is in a closed vertical position in which door 8 blocks access to the interior of cabinet 2 defined by side walls 4, top wall 6, rear wall 10, and bottom shelf 12. Side walls 4 and rear wall 10 may comprise two sheets of material spaced from one another. Door 8 preferably comprises a single sheet of material with a piece 13 attached to the inside surface for structural rigidity. A locking mechanism 24 for locking the door 8 in the closed position is attached to the side of the door 8 facing the interior of the cabinet 2. Locking mechanism 24 comprises a locking piece 26, an axle 28, a bearing support 30, a bracket 32, and a handle or knob 34. Locking piece 26 is substantially L-shaped and has an opening to allow one end of axle 28 to be inserted therethrough and attached thereto in a well known manner, such as welding. Axle 28 is rotationally supported by bearing support 30 in a well known manner, such as bearings. Bearing support 30 is attached to door 8 through the use of bracket 32 which is attached to the door 8 in a well known manner such as nuts and bolts. At the position of attachment of the bearing support 30, door 8 comprises an indented area 36 which contains an opening to receive the other end of axle 28. A handle or knob 34 is attached to the other end of axle 28 so that by rotating the knob 34 counterclockwise to position A, L-shaped locking piece 26 engages a slot 38 located in surface 14 of shelf 12, as shown by the arrow and phantom lines of locking piece 26 shown in FIG. 3. Thus, door 8 is prevented from pivoting from its closed position. Furthermore, clockwise rotation of knob 34 to positions B or C (FIG. 3) results in unlocking the door 8 and allowing the door 8 to be opened by a pivoting motion. When knob 34 is rotated to an unlocking position, door 8 is capable of performing a pivoting motion through the use of an attachment device such as a pair of brackets 40 attached to the upper left and righthand corners of the interior facing side of door 8. Each bracket 40 comprises a mounting piece 42 and a pivoting piece 44 which are arranged at approximately right angles with respect to each other. Preferably, mounting piece 42 and pivoting piece 44 are made from the same piece of material, such as steel or plastic. Mounting piece 42 preferably is substantially rectangular in shape having a thickness of approximately 16 gauge steel, a length of appromimately 0,108km (4 1/4"), and a width of approximately 0.019km (3/4"). Mounting piece 42 furthermore has one or more openings arranged along its length and which are aligned with corresponding holes in door 8 so that attachment of mounting piece 42 directly against door 8 is accomplished by well known means, such as nuts and bolts 46. Preferably, pivoting piece 44 is arranged to be nearer the side edge of door 8 than mounting piece 42 as seen in FIG. 3. Pivoting piece 44 preferably is substantially rectangular in shape having a thickness of approximately 16 gauge steel, length of approximately 0.108m (4 1/4"), and a width of approximately 0.025m (1"). Pivoting piece 44 has an opening which preferably is circular having a diameter of approximately 0.018m (0.690") and which is located approximately 4.064 x 10 -3 m (0.160") from the top of pivoting piece 44. Furthermore, the openings of each pivoting piece 44 are aligned with each other. The above-described brackets 40 allow for a movement device 48 to be attached to the door 8 to allow for pivoting and translational movement. Movement device 48 comprises 1) a pivoting device 50 to pivot door 8 from the closed position to an open position (FIG. 1B) and vice versa; 2) an engagement device 52 to engage a first surface 54 of a support such as horizontal rack 56; and 3) a guide 58 to engage a second surface 60 of rack 56. In the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, the door 8 pivots about a horizontal axis. However, the invention is equally capable of providing a flipper door which pivots about a vertical axis positioned near a side wall 4 of cabinet 2. In such an embodiment the door 8 pivots towards the side wall 4 nearest the vertical axis until the door 8 is parallel to the side walls 4. The door 8 is then retracted into cabinet 2 along the side wall 4. In such an embodiment the flipper door mechanism of FIGS. 1-7 would preferably mounted to the top wall 6 and shelf 12. Pivoting device 50 preferably comprises a horizontal carrier rod 62 made of such materials as steel or plastic, wherein each end of carrier rod 62 is inserted through the opening of a corresponding pivoting piece 44. Thus, door 8 is allowed to pivot about carrier rod 62 so as to move from the vertical position to the horizontal position and vice versa. Engagement device 52 has a structure such that it interacts with a first surface of support 56 such that engagement device 52 moves along the support. Engagement device 52 preferably comprises a pinion gear 64 permanently and non-rotatively attached to each end of carrier rod 62 in a well known manner so that the pinion gear 64 and carrier rod 62 rotatively engage rack 56. In addition, each pinion gear is identical in shape and are oriented exactly the same way at each end of carrier rod 62. Each pinion gear 64 preferably is substantially disc-like in shape having a thickness of approximately 0.022m (0.880") and a diameter of approximately 0.022m (0.860"). Furthermore, each pinion gear 64 preferably is made of a plastic, such as Delrin 500 CL and comprises twelve teeth 66. However, it is possible to change the diameter and number of teeth of pinion gear 64 to alter the rate of translational movement of door 8. As shown in FIG. 6, each tooth 66 preferably has a full depth involute shape wherein each tooth is separated by spaces having a root end R. The diameter of the circle A intersecting the root ends R is approximately 0.015m (0.594"). Each tooth 66 comprises a cylindrical-like base B and a conical-like top piece C having a flat top surface D. The boundary at which base B and top piece C forms along a circle E (whose center coincides with the center of the gear 64) having a diameter of approximately 0.019m (0.750"). The arcuate length of the thickness of each tooth as measured along circle E is approximately 2.489 x 10 -3 m (0.098"). The diameter of a measuring pin F positioned between adjacent teeth and which makes contact with the teeth at the boundary has a diameter of approximately 2.794 x 10 -3 m (0.110") and a measurement across the pin of approximately 0.023m (0.902-0.908"). The circular pitch between two corresponding points of adjacent teeth is approximately 4.978 x 10 -3 m (0.196"). Furthermore, the gear 64 has a diametrical pitch of approximately 16, a pressure angle of approximately 20°, a whole depth of approximately 3.571 x 10 -3 m (0.1406"), a base circle of approximately 0.018m (0.713"), and a backlash pet pair of approximately 1.27 x 10 -4 m - 1.778 x 10 -4 m (0.005-0.007"). It is understood that other shapes for teeth 66 are possible, such as triangular or circular or that the top piece C may be more rounded at the top. Teeth 66 engage complementarily arranged teeth 68 located on rack 56 which is preferably made of plastic or 13% glass filled nylon. Preferably, each rack 56 has the same number of teeth 68 so that even translational movement for the door 8 is accomplished. Rack 56 should have each tooth 68 located at a position along side wall 4 which substantially corresponds to a tooth 68 of the other rack which is positioned along the other side wall 4. Furthermore, teeth 68 of rack 56 which are engaged by pinion gear 64 should exactly correspond to those teeth 68 on the other rack 56 which are engaged by the other pinion gear 64. Rack 56 is attached to a bracket 69 which has openings 71 that are aligned with openings 22 of side wall 4. Bracket 69 is attached to side wall 4 by using well known means such as nuts and bolts inserted through aligned openings 22 and 71. Though FIGS. 2-5 illustrate the embodiment where teeth 68 are located on the top surface 54 of rack 56, it is also possible to have pinion gear teeth 66 engage teeth 68 located on the bottom surface 60 of rack 56. In the embodiment where teeth 68 are located on the top surface 54, bottom surface 60 is substantially flat or planar. Likewise, when teeth 68 are at the bottom surface 60, top surface 54 is substantially flat or planar. Thus, when door 8 is pivoted to the open horizontal position as shown in FIG. 1B, door 8 is retracted into cabinet 2 by pushing the bottom end of door 8. Pushing door 8 results in teeth 66 and 68 engaging each other so that pinion gear 54 rotates along rack 56. Since door 8 is attached to pinion gear 54 through bracket 40, door 8 will translationally move in a horizontal direction into cabinet 2 until it is almost fully retracted, as shown in FIGS. 1C and 5. During the translational movement of door 8, pinion gears 64 synchronously move with respect to each other. Thus, the above-described arrangement in concert with guide 58 prevents racking and enables both side edges of the door 8 to be fully retracted into the cabinet 2 at the same time. A guide 58 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 7A-B is attached to pinion gear 64 to avoid having pinion gear 64 leave rack 56 during pivoting or translational motion of door 8. Guide 58 preferably comprises an annular portion 72 which engages the exterior surface of an annular hub portion 74 of pinion gear 64 and also engages the interior surface of the opening of the pivoting piece 44. Annular hub portion 74 has a length of approximately 0.013m (0.500"), an inside diameter of approximately 7.95 x 10 -3 m (0.313") and an outside diameter of approximately 0.013m (0.499"). Furthermore, annular portion 72 has a length of approximately 0.013m (0.50"), an inside diameter of approximately 0.013m (0.501") and an outside diameter of approximately 0.017m (0.688") so that a snug fit is formed between the opening of the pivoting piece 44, annular portion 72 and annular hub portion 74. The snug fit further allows carrier rod 62 and pinion gear 64 to rotate with respect to annular portion 72. Attached to annular portion 72 of guide 58 is a substantially L-shaped guide piece 76. Guide piece 76 has a vertical portion 78 that extends downward from annular portion 72 by approximately 8.941 x 10 -3 m (0.352") to position a horizontal-like portion 80 slightly below the bottom surface 60 of rack 56 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In another embodiment, horizontal-like portion 80 makes contact with bottom surface 60. Horizontal-like portion 80 is attached to and protrudes approximately perpendicular to the end of vertical portion 78. Portion 80 preferably has a thickness of approximately 2.388 x 10 -3 m (0.094") and has a flat portion 82 and two ends 84. The ends 84 of horizontal-like portion 80 are separated by approximately 0.019m (0.750") and are each angled downwardly by approximately 25°. The two ends 84 are joined to each other by a flat portion 82 having a length of approximately 6.756 x 10 -3 m (0.266") as measured along the rack. Preferably, annular portion 72 and guide piece 76 are made from the same material, such as nylon. In the embodiment of the top surface 54 being substantially flat or planar, the orientation of guide 58 would be reversed so that guide piece 76 would engage top surface 54. In both embodiments, guide 58 provides improved stability during the pivoting and translational movement of the door 8. The foregoing description is provided to illustrate the invention, and is not to be construed as a limitation. Numerous additions, substitutions and other changes can be made to the invention without departing from its scope as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims: A flipper door mechanism which enables a door (8) to be moved between a first open position, in which access is provided through an opening at least partially defined by a wall (4), and a second position, in which the opening is closed by the door (8) and said access is denied, the mechanism comprising: a support (56) adapted to be attached to the wall (4) and having first and second surfaces (54,60), an attachment device (40) adapted to be attached to the door (8) and having an opening, and a movement device (48) carried by the attachment device (40) for engaging the support (56), the movement device (48) comprising pivoting means (50) to enable the attachment device (40) to pivot about an axis with respect to the support (56) as the door (8) is moved between said open and closed positions, engagement means (52) on said axis to engage the first surface (54) of the support (56), and a guide (58) located between the engagement means (50) and the attachment device (40) and having a guide portion (80) positioned adjacent the second surface (60) of the support (56), the engagement means (52) and the guide (58) cooperating with the support (56) so as to be capable of moving translationally with respect to the support (56) following the movement of the door (8) to the open position by pivoting the attachment device (40) with respect to the support (56), characterised in that the engagement means (52) has an annular hub portion (74) and the guide (58) engages both an exterior surface of the annular hub portion (74) and an interior surface of the opening provided in the attachment device (40) in a snug fit thereby restraining the guide (58) from relative axial movement. The flipper door mechanism of claim 1, wherein said attachment device (40) comprises a bracket comprising a mounting piece (42) and a pivoting piece (44) arranged at approximately right angles with respect to each other. The flipper door mechanism of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said first surface (54) of said support (56) comprises teeth (68) . The flipper door mechanism of claim 3, wherein said second surface (60) of said support (56) comprises a substantially planar surface. The flipper door mechanism of any preceding claim, wherein said attachment device (40) comprises an opening and said pivoting means (50) comprises a carrier rod (62) inserted through said opening to enable the attachment device (40) to pivot about said carrier rod (62). The flipper door mechanism of claim 5, wherein said movement device (48) further comprises a pinion gear (64) attached to an end of said carrier rod (62) and said pinion gear (64) engages said first surface (54) of said support (56). The flipper door mechanism of claim 6, wherein said pinion gear (64) is non-rotatively attached to said end of said carrier rod (62). The flipper door mechanism of any preceding claim, wherein the opening is at least partially defined by, and located intermediate, opposed first and second mutually spaced and parallel walls (4), the support comprising a first rack (56) attached to said first side wall and having a first surface (54) having teeth (68) and a second surface (60) which is substantially planar, and a second rack (56) attached to said second side wall and positioned parallel to said first rack (56), said second rack (56) having a first surface (54) having teeth (68) and a second surface (60) which is substantially planar; a carrier rod (62) rotatively attached to the attachment device (40) and having a first and a second end, a first pinion gear (64) being attached to said first end and a second pinion gear (64) being attached to said second end, said carrier rod (62) being positioned such that said first pinion gear (64) engages said first surface (54) of said first rack (56) and said second pinion gear (64) engages said first surface (54) of said second rack (56); and a first guide (58) positioned adjacent said second surface (60) of said first rack (56) so that after the door (8) is moved from the closed position to the open position the carrier rod (62), the first guide (58) and the attachment device (40) may move translationally along the first rack (56) to a retracted position. The flipper door mechanism of claim 8, and comprising a second guide (58) positioned adjacent said second surface (60) of said second rack (56) so that after the door (8) is moved from the closed position to the open position the carrier rod (62), the second guide (58) and the attachment device (40) may move translationally along the second rack (56) to a retracted position. The flipper door mechanism of any preceding claim, wherein the axis about which the attachment device (40) pivots is substantially horizontal. The flipper door mechanism of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the axis about which the attachment device (40) pivots is substantially vertical.

Inventors: DAME PAUL G, MCCLUNG DUANE G, DAME, PAUL G., MCCLUNG, DUANE G.
Applicants: MILLER HERMAN INC, HERMAN MILLER, INC.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: E06B3
IPC codes: E05D15, E06B3