METHOD FOR CEMENT PLACEMENT IN HORIZONTAL WELLS

Abstract: A well completion process for improved cement placement in a horizontal wellbore (10) where a fluid is circulated down the wellbore (10) for conditioning and cleaning it. Afterwards, a production tube (12) containing centralizers (14) is positioned centrally within the wellbore (10). Next, a "spacer fluid" is circulated within an annulus (18) formed by the space between the tube (12) and the wellbore (10) so as to clean the annulus (18) out. Subsequently, a cement having a density greater than the spacer fluid is pumped into the annulus (18). Thereafter, a light weight cement is pumped into the annulus (18) thereby overriding the heavier cement and removing voids in the annulus (18) resulting in more efficient cement placement.

Description: METHOD FOR CEMENT PLACEMENT IN HORIZONTAL WELLS ' This invention is directed to a method for improved cement placement in v 5 horizontal wells located in an underground formation. With advances in drilling technology, it is currently possible to drill horizontal wellbores deep into hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. There are many advantages to a horizontal well completion including extending contact with a producing formation thereby facilitating drainage and production of the reservoir. 10 Although horizontal wellbores allow more contact with the producing formation, one encounters some difficulties in well completions associated with horizontal wellbores not commonly dealt with in vertical wells. One area of concern in well completions is the inability to effectively cement voids along the horizontal section during a cementing operation. Effective cementing of the 15 tubing to the wellbore is routinely accomplished in vertical wellbores. However, in horizontal wellbores and severely inclined wellbores, i.e. those having an angle of deviation greater than about 45°, cementing is much more difficult. Therefore, the efficiency of zone isolation diminishes considerably. In oil and gas well completions it is imperative to effectively isolate the oil 20 or gas bearing formation from other zones in the wellbore. This is most frequently accomplished by cementing the production casing in place and then perforating the wellbore in the production horizon to allow hydrocarbon flow into the wellbore. With effective cementing, flow up the outside of the production casing is eliminated and the oil and/or gas producing zone is effectively isolated. 25 Often a failure of the cementing operation occurs in horizontal wellbores because the density of the cement does not allow sufficient displacement of drilling mud and other residue from the tubing/wellbore annulus, thereby resulting in channeling of cement and improper tubing or pipe/formation bonding. 30 Therefore, what is needed is a method for improving the effectiveness of the cementing operation in deviated or horizontal wellbores which allows the removal of void spaces in the horizontal section due to incomplete displacement of wellbore materials and the effects of gravity on high density cement. According to the present invention there is provided a method for improving cement placement in a horizontal wellbore located in a formation comprising: a) circulating a cleaning fluid down the wellbore in an amount and for a time sufficient to condition and clean it for cementing a production tubing or casing in place; b) directing a production tubing with centralizers therearound into the wellbore thereby locating the tubing centrally within the wellbore; c) directing a cement spacer fluid down an annulus formed between the tubing and wellbore so as to substantially clean-out the wellbore; d) directing a first cement down the tubing and up the annulus which cement has a density greater than the cement spacer fluid and is in an amount sufficient to fill the annulus; and e) directing a second cement down the tubing which cement has a density less than the density of the first cement and which overrides the first cement thereby filling any voids which were unfilled by the first cement so as to effectively isolate the casing from the formation. Preferably, the second cement is a light weight cement or a foamed cement. Desirably, the first cement is a hydraulic cement. The present invention makes possible the removal of "voids" from a horizontal wellbore which were caused by the incomplete displacement of a high density cement therein. The invention provides a method that effectively cements a horizontal wellbore so as to prevent cement channeling and thereby effectively isolate an oil or gas bearing zone of the formation from other zones. Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation which depicts an inclined wellbore having centralizers therearound which define a void space in said wellbore. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an inclined wellbore which shows removal of the void and more complete cementing of the pipe through the use of a combination of high density and low density cements. This invention is directed to a well completion process for improved cement placement in a horizontal wellbore which is located in a hydrocarbonaceous fluid bearing formation. In the practice of this invention, a cleaning fluid is directed down said wellbore in an amount and for a time sufficient to condition and clean it so as to enable a production tubing or casing to be cemented in place. One cleamng fluid which can be utilized is described in US-A-3866683. This specification describes a gel preflush fluid which comprises a highly gelled suspension of a hydratable clay in fresh water, i.e., water having less than about 1 wt.% of dissolved salts. Upon being mixed into water, the hydratable clays form colloidal dispersions that exhibit increased viscosity and gel strength. It is well known that various clays of the bentonite, kaolin and hydrous mica groups exhibit these properties to varying degrees. Exemplary of the hydratable clays in the kaolin group are kaolinite, halloysite, dickite, nacrite and endellite. The bentonite group includes montmorillonite, beidelite, nontronite, hectorite and saponite. Exemplary of the hydrous micas are bravaisite or illite. Finely ground bentonite is a particularly preferred hydratable clay for use in the gelled preflush fluid. Commercial bentonite is an earth material consisting principally of sodium montmorillonite. US-A-3866683 also describes the various mixing procedures and requirements. It additionally describes an abradent material which can be added to the gelled preflush to enhance its drilling fluid and mud cake removal capabilities. It is well known in the art how to drill deviated boreholes into a formation. One method for drilling a deviated wellbore wherein multi-penetration of a mineral bearing formation is undertaken is described in US-A-4386665. An example of a deviated wellbore is shown in Figure 1. Once the deviated wellbore has been directed into the formation as desired and the cleamng fluid has removed the debris, mud, or drilling fluid from the horizontal wellbore, a production tubing or casing 12 is directed down borehole 10. In order to locate the tubing or casing in wellbore 10, pipe centralizers 14 are placed around the tubing prior to directing it into the wellbore. Once in wellbore 10, casing 12 or tubing is centralized therein as is shown in Figure 1. After positioning the production tubing or casing 12 centrally in the wellbore as desired, a cement spacer of fluid is directed down an annulus 18 formed by the production tubing or casing inside of wellbore 10. This cement spacer of fluid which can be used herein can comprise the cleaning fluid which was directed down the wellbore initially. Other spacer fluids which can be used herein comprise aqueous fluids of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and zinc chloride in a technique described in US-A-4860830. Once the spacer fluids have been directed down the annulus in an amount sufficient to substantially clean-out the wellbore, circulation of the cement spacer fluid down the annulus is terminated. After terminating the circulation of the cement spacer fluid down the annulus and up through the casing or tubing 12 for a time sufficient to substantially remove all of the debris from the wellbore, a cement slurry is introduced into the annulus. As is shown in Figure 1 the cement slurry flows down the annulus and up the tubing or casing 12. Since the cement which is first directed down the annulus is heavy, gravitational forces on said cement causes void space 16 to remain after the cement has been forced down the annulus. This happens since the heavy cement is pulled to the bottom of the horizontal tubing or casing as it flows through the annulus. The term "cement slurry" is intended to include hydraulic aqueous slurries of hydraulic and pozzolan cement. Exemplary hydraulic cements include portland cement, either of the normal, high early strength or slow setting types; mixtures of lime, silica and aluminum; mixtures of lime, magnesium, silica, alumina or iron oxide; hydraulic limes, drapper cement; pozzolan, and natural cements. The pozzolan cements include a cement made from slaked lime and granulated blast furnace slag. Most well cementing operations employ portland cement meeting API specifications. These are introduced into the well as a neat slurry in which the weight ratio of water to cement is between about 0.25 and 0.65 (i.e., 3-10 gallons of water per sack of cement). Once the first cement has been directed down the annulus and up production tubing or casing 12 for a desired amount of time to obtain the desired volume of cement in the annulus, flow of the first cement down said annulus and up the tubing is ceased. This first cement which is directed down the tubing and up the annulus will have a density greater than the cement space of fluid. Before the first cement sets or hardens, a second cement slurry is directed down the annulus and up the tubing at a rate and pressure sufficient to override the first cement thereby filling any void spaces 16 which appear along horizontal wellbore 10. This second cement has a density less than the first cement and is therefore unable to displace the first denser cement. The second cement is directed down the wellbore to fill any voids which were unfilled by the first cement so as to effectively isolate the production tubing or casing 10 from the formation. Once the second light cement has been directed down the annulus as desired, both cements will appear as shown in Figure 2. Both cements are allowed to remain in the annulus for a time sufficient to harden. Once hardened, the combined cements effectively bond the casing to the borehole since all voids are removed from the annulus. Thus, the formation is effectively sealed off from the tubing along its entire length thereby preventing the channeling of undesired fluids into subsequently perforated areas of the wellbore during production of desired fluids from the formation. Representative low density cements which can be utilized herein comprise foamed cements and a light cement sold by Haliburton under the Spherelite tradename. Similar cement compositions are disclosed in US-A-3902911 and US- A-4120360.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method for improving cement placement in a horizontal wellbore located in a formation comprising: a) circulating a cleaning fluid down the wellbore in an amount and for a time sufficient to condition and clean it for cementing a production tubing or casing in place; b) directing a production tubing with centralizers therearound into the wellbore thereby locating the tubing centrally within the wellbore; c) directing a cement spacer fluid down an annulus formed between the tubing and wellbore so as to substantially clean-out the wellbore; d) directing a first cement down the tubing and up the annulus which cement has a density greater than the cement spacer fluid and is in an amount sufficient to fill the annulus; and e) directing a second cement down the tubing which cement has a density less than the density of the first cement and which overrides the first cement thereby filling any voids which were unfilled by the first cement so as to effectively isolate the casing from the formation. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the second cement is a light weight cement or a foamed cement. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first cement is a hydraulic cement and the second cement is a light weight or foamed cement.

Inventors: JENNINGS ALFRED ROY JR, JENNINGS, ALFRED, ROY, JR.
Applicants: MOBIL OIL CORP, MOBIL OIL CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: E21B33
IPC codes: C09K8, E21B33