Resin composition having excellent paint coatability

Abstract: A resin composition having excellent paint coatability comprising: (A) 50-80 weight % of a multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer consisting essentially of (i) a propylene homopolymer portion, (ii) a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion, and (iii) an ethylene homopolymer portion, said propylene-ethylene block copolymer being characterized by the requirement that: (a) said propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) has a number-average molecular weight of 20 X 40 4 or more and a weight-average molecular weight of 60 X 10 4 or more; (b) a content of ethylene is 60 weight % or more and a content of said ethylene homopolymer portion (iii) is 40 weight % or more, both based on the total amount (100 weight %) of said propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) and said ethylene homopolymer portion (iii); or (c) an intrinsic viscosity of said propylene homopolymer portion (i) is 0.9-1.2 dl/g, an intrinsic viscosity of said propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) is 4.0 dl/g or more, and an ethylene content of said propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) is 30-70 weight %; (B) 20-40 weight % of an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer; and (C) up to 20 weight % of an inorganic filler.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a resin composition for exterior automotive parts, and more particularly to a resin composition having excellent paint coatability and moldability, a good balance of impact resistance, ductility, mechanical strength, thermal deformation resistance, brittle temperature, hardness, etc., small molding shrinkage and linear expansion coefficient, and a high paint coating peeling resistance in high-temperature, high-pressure washing. This application is a divisional application of EP-A-0,574,114. Since polypropylene is light and has excellent mechanical strength, it is used in various applications. However, since it is poor in impact resistance, its copolymers such as propylene-ethylene block copolymers are used. Also, proposals have been made to provide a resin composition comprising a propylene-ethylene block copolymer, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer and an inorganic filler such as talc. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-12742 discloses a resin ccmposition comprising (a) 62-57 weight % of a propylene-ethylene block copolymer having an ethylene content of 2-3 weight % and a melt flow rate of 40-45 g/10 minutes, (b) 26-28 weight % of an ethylene propylene copolymer elastomer having an ethylene content of 70-80 weight % and a Mooney viscosity ML 1+4 (100°C) of 55-58, (c) 2-3 weight % of a high-density polyethylene having a density of 0.955-0.960 g/cm 3 and a melt flow rate of 18-22 g/10 minutes, and (d) 10-12 weight % of talc having an average size of 1.8-2.2 µm and a specific surface area of 36000-42000 cm 2 /g, the resin composition having a melt flow rate of 13-18 g/10 minutes, a density of 0.950-0.980 g/cm 3 , a flexural modulus of 11500-14000 kg/cm 2 , a linear expansion coefficient of 7 x 10 -5 - 10 x 10 -5 cm/cm/°C in a temperature range between 20°C and 80°C, and a surface gloss (measured by a 60° -60° method according to JIS Z8741) of 55% or more. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-149845 discloses a resin composition comprising (a) 59-74 weight % of a propylene-ethylene block copolymer containing 5-12 weight % of a boiling p-xylene-soluble component having an ethylene content of 20-60 weight %, and having an ethylene content of 1-7 weight % and a melt flow rate of 15-50 g/10 minutes, (b) 35-20 weight % of an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer having a propylene content of 20-60 weight % and a Mooney viscosity ML 1+4 (100°C) of 100-150, and (c) 3-6 weight % of talc having a specific surface area of 30000 cm 2 /g or more and an average size of 0.5-2.0 µm. However, both resin compositions of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 61-12742 and 1-149845 are susceptible to thermal deformation, and bumpers made of such resin compositions would be easily deformed due to the difference in a linear expansion coefficient between the resin compositions and the automotive body parts in a high-temperature environment, resulting in the deterioration of automotive body appearance. Also, since beautiful coatings are recently formed on bumpers, etc., the resin compositions for bumpers, etc. should have good paint coatability in order to provide the automotive bodies with good appearance. In the above-described resin compositions comprising the propylene-ethylene block copolymer, the ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (or high-density polyethylene) and talc, their flowability is controlled for various applications by adjusting ethylene/propylene ratios and molecular weights, etc. in the propylene-ethylene block copolymer and the ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer. However, the control of such parameters fails to provide resin compositions having well balanced properties such as paint coatability, moldability, rigidity, ductility, thermal deformation resistance, brittle temperature, hardness, etc. on levels suitable for exterior automotive parts. As a polypropylene resin composition for automotive bumpers having an improved paint coatability, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-55952 discloses a polypropylene resin composition comprising 55-65 weight % of a crystalline propylene-ethylene block copolymer containing 5-10 weight % of ethylene, a propylene component, 97 weight % or more of which is insoluble is boiling n-heptane, and a component soluble in p-xylene at a room temperature having an intrinsic viscosity (in decalin at 135°C) of 3-4 and a melt flow rate of 2-10; 30-35 weight % of an amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer having an intrinsic viscosity (in decalin at 135°C) of 2.0-3.5 and a Mooney viscosity ML 1+4 (100°C) of 40-100; and 5-15 weight % of talc having an average size of 0.5-5 µm. This resin composition shows an improved resistance to peeling of coatings formed thereon, but it fails to show a sufficient peeling resistance of the coatings in washing under severe conditions such as high temperature and/or high pressure. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition for exterior automotive parts having excellent paint coatability and moldability, and well balanced impact resistance, ductility, mechanical strength, thermal deformation resistance, brittle temperature and hardness while showing small molding shrinkage and linear expansion coefficient. Another object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition for exterior automotive parts further having good peeling resistance of coatings under severe conditions such as high-temperature, high-pressure washing. As a result of intense research in view of the above objects, the inventors have found that by blending a propylene-ethylene block copolymer produced by a multi-stage polymerization, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer and an inorganic filler, and by controlling the content of propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion in the resulting resin composition and various parameters of the components, the resulting resin composition shows well balanced impact resistance, ductility, mechanical strength, thermal deformation resistance, brittle temperature and hardness. With respect to the peeling resistance of a coating formed on a resin molding substrate under severe conditions such as high-temperature, high-pressure washing, the inventors have also found that the peeling resistance is usually determined by a Young's modulus of the coating, the strength of a substrate and an adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate, and that if the adhesion strength between the coating and the substrate is large enough, the peeling resistance is not affected by the adhesion strength, but largely affected by the strength of the substrate itself. However, if it is tried to increase the strength of the resin substrate, the resin substrate is likely to show decreased impact resistance. In order to increase the strength of the resin substrate while preventing a decrease in the impact resistance, the inventors have found that it can effectively be achieved by increasing the strength of elastomer components in the resin composition, specifically a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion in the propylene-ethylene block copolymer and an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer. The present invention has been completed based on these findings. The invention provides a resin composition in accordance with Claim 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [A] Components of resin composition [1] First resin composition The first resin composition of the present invention comprises (a) a multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer, (b) an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer, and (c) an inorganic filler. (a) Multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer The propylene-ethylene block copolymer usable in the resin composition are those produced by a multi-stage polymerization method. The propylene-ethylene block copolymer produced by the multi-stage polymerization consists essentially of (i) a crystalline propylene homopolymer portion, (ii) a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion, and (iii) an ethylene homopolymer portion. The propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion has a low crystallinity, and preferably contains 30-70 weight % of ethylene. If the ethylene content is lower than 30 weight %, or if it exceeds 70 weight %, the resulting resin composition would show undesirably poor ductility. The multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion preferably has a melt flow rate (MFR, 230°C, 2.16 kg load) of 15-120 g/10 minutes, particularly 60-100 g/10 minutes. If the MFR is lower than 5 g/10 minutes, the resulting resin composition would have poor moldability, particularly injection-moldability. On the other hand, if the MFR is higher than 120 g/10 minutes, the resin composition would be likely to exhibit poor mechanical strength. The ethylene content in the entire propylene-ethylene block copolymer is preferably 2-10 weight %. Also, On the basis of the total amount (100 weight %) of the components (i) - (iii), the propylene homopolymer portion (i) is preferably 80-95 weight %, the propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) is preferably 5-20 weight %, and the ethylene homopolymer portion (iii) is preferably 10 weight % or less. The number-average molecular weight of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) is preferably 20 x 10 4 or more, more preferably 30 x 10 4 - 50 x 10 4 . Also, the weight-average molecular weight of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) is preferably 60 x 10 4 or more, more preferably 100 x 10 4 - 200 x 10 4 . If the number-average molecular weight is less than 20 x 10 4 or if the weight-average molecular weight is less than 60 x 10 4 , the elastomeric component in the propylene-ethylene block copolymer does not have sufficient mechanical strength, resulting in insufficient peeling resistance of coatings under severe conditions such as high-temperature, high-pressure washing. In order to achieve the above number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight, it is preferable to reduce a hydrogen concentration in the multi-stage polymerization. (b) Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer The ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer is a copolymer elastomer composed of ehtylene and at least one other α-olefin. For instance, an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR), an ethylene-propylene diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM), and ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR), are used as the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer. Specifically, in the case of the ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR) and the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM), the preferred ethylene content is 50-90 mol % and the preferred propylene content is 50-10 mol %. More preferably, the ethylene content is 70-80 mol % and the propylene content is 30-20 mol %. The ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR) and the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM) may preferably have a melt flow rate (MFR, 230°C, 2.16 kg load) of 0.5-20 g/10 minutes, and more preferably 0.5-10 g/10 minutes. The ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR) preferably has an ethylene content of 70-85 mol %, and a butene-1 content of 30-15 mol %. More preferably, the ethylene content is 75-85 mol % and the butene-1 content is 25-15 mol %. The ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR) preferably has a melt index (MI, 190°C, 2.16 kg load) of 1-30 g/10 minutes, and more preferably 1-20 g/10 minutes. (c) Inorganic filler The inorganic fillers are generally used as reinforcing fillers for resins. The inorganic fillers are, for instance, talc, mica, fibrous crystalline calcium silicate, calcium carbonate. Among them, talc is preferable. The inorganic filler preferably has an average size of 15 µm or less. In the case of needle-shaped or fibrous inorganic filler, its diameter is preferably 1-100 µm, and its aspect ratio is preferably 3-30. (d) Proportions of components in the first resin composition The proportions of the above components (a)-(c) in the resin composition are such that the propylene-ethylene block copolymer is 50-80 weight %, preferably 55-75 weight %, the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer is 20-40 weight %, preferably 20-30 weight %, and the inorganic filler is 20 weight % or less, preferably 5-15 weight %. [2] Second resin composition The second resin composition of the present invention comprises (a) a multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer, (b) an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer, and (c) an inorganic filler like the first resin composition. (a) Multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer The multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer in the second resin composition may be the same as in the first resin composition. In this propylene-ethylene block copolymer, the ethylene content is 60 weight % or more, preferably 60-70 weight %, and the crystalline ethylene homopolymer portion (iii) is 40 weight % or more, preferably 40-60 weight %, based on the total amount (100 weight %) of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) and the crystalline ethylene homopolymer portion (iii). If the ethylene content is lower than 60 weight %, or if the ethylene homopolymer portion is lower than 40 weight %, the elastomeric component in the propylene-ethylene block copolymer does not have sufficient mechanical strength, resulting in insufficient peeling resistance of coatings under severe conditions such as high-temperature, high-pressure washing. The ethylene content in the entire propylene-ethylene block copolymer is preferably 2-15 weight %. Also, on the basis of the total amount (100 weight %) of the components (i) - (iii), the propylene homopolymer portion (i) is preferably 80-95 weight %, more preferably 80-90 weight %, the propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) is preferably 5-20 weight %, more preferably 5-10 weight %, and the ethylene homopolymer portion (iii) is preferably 10 weight % or less, more preferably 5-10 weight %. Incidentally, in this resin composition, the number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of the propylene-ethylene block copolymer may not be particularly restricted. In order to achieve the above ethylene content, it is preferable to increase a ratio of ethylene to propylene in the multi-stage polymerization. (b) Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer The ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer is a copolymer elastomer composed of ethylene and at least one other α-olefin. For instance, an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR), an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM), an ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR), are used as the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer. Specifically, in the case of the ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR) and the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM), the preferred ethylene content is 50-90 mol % and the preferred propylene content is 50-10 mol %. More preferably, the ethylene content is 70-80 mol % and the propylene content is 30-20 mol %. In the case of the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM), the preferred diene monomers are ethylidene norbornene, dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene. The diene content is preferably 1-10 mol %. The ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR) and the ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer elastomer (EPDM) may preferably have a melt flow rate (MFR, 230°C, 2.16 kg load) of 0.5-20 g/10 minutes, and more preferably 0.5-10 g/10 minutes. The ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR) preferably has an ethylene content of 70-85 mol %, and a butene-1 content of 30-15 mol %. More preferably, the ethylene content is 75-85 mol % and the butene-1 content is 25-15 mol %. The ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR) preferably has a melt index (MI, 190°C, 2.16 kg load) of 1-30 g/10 minutes, and more preferably 1-20 g/10 minutes. The ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer preferably has a number-average molecular weight of 2 x 10 4 - 8 x 10 4 , more preferably 3 x 10 4 - 6 x 10 4 , and a weight-average molecular weight of 7 x 10 4 - 20 x 10 4 , more preferably 10 x 10 4 - 20 x 10 4 . The above-described species of the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer may be used alone or in combination. (c) Inorganic filler The inorganic filler in the second resin composition may be the same as in the first resin composition. (d) Proportions of components in second resin composition The proportions of the above components (a)-(c) in the second resin composition are such that the propylene-ethylene block copolymer is 50-80 weight %, preferably 55-75 weight %, the ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer is 20-40 weight %, preferably 20-30 weight %, and the inorganic filler is 20 weight % or less, preferably 5-15 weight %. By satisfying two or more requirements in the above first and second resin compositions, it is possible to provide a resin composition with highly improved paint coatability, peeling resistance of coatings formed thereon, and other properties. [B] Other components in resin composition To improve the properties of the first and second resin compositions, various other additives such as heat stabilizers, antioxidants, photostabilizers, flame retardants, plasticizers, antistatic agents, parting agents, foaming agents, may be added. Typical examples of the preferred combinations of the parameters other than those of the first and second resin compositions will be shown below. (1) Components in the components (a) and (b), which are soluble in p-xylene at a room temperature, have an Mn of 4 x 10 4 or more, an Mw of 20 x 10 4 or more, and a crystallinity of 20-30%. (2) Components in the components (a) and (b), which are soluble in p-xylene at a room temperature, have an Mn of 4 x 10 4 or more, an Mw of 20 x 10 4 or more, and a melting point of 50°C or higher. (3) Components in the components (a) and (b), which are soluble in p-xylene at a room temperature, have a crystallinity of 20-30%, and a melting point of 50°C or higher. (4) Components in the components (a) and (b), which are soluble in p-xylene at a room temperature, have an Mn of 4 x 10 4 or more, an Mw of 20 x 10 4 or more, a crystallinity of 20-30%, and a melting point of 50°C or higher. (5) The propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion has a number of 20 x 10 4 or more and an Mw of 60 x 10 4 or more, and an ethylene content is 60 weight % or more and the ethylene homopolymer portion (iii) is 40 weight % or more based on the tctal amount of (ii) and (iii). [C] Method of producing resin compositions The first and second resin compositions of the present invention can be produced by blending the components at 150-300°C, preferably 190-250°C in a single-screw extruder or a double-screw extruder. The present invention will be explained in further detail by way of the following Examples without intention of restricting the scope of the present invention. Examples 1-3, Comparative Example 1A Starting materials used in these Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows: (a) Multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymers shown in Table 1 below. No. BPP-2 BPP-3 BPP-4 BPP-5 BPP-6 Propylene-Ethylene Random Copolymer MFR (g/10 minutes) 55 50 45 65 40 Ethylene Content (wt %) 5.2 5.7 5.5 5.1 6.5 Propylene-Ethylene Random Copolymer Portion Mn (x 10 4 ) 42.5 20.6 39.8 11.0 10.5 Mw (x 10 5 ) 12 9 11 4 4 Propylene-Ethylene Random Copolymer Portion + Ethylene Homopolymer Portion Ethylene Content (wt %) 65 60 50 62 50 Ethylene Homopolymer Portion Content (wt %) 42.3 41.5 30.2 43 20.2 (b1) Ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer EPR-1: [propylene content: 23 weight %, melt flow rate (MFR, 230°C, 2.16 kg load): 0.8 g/10 minutes, hardness (JIS A): 74, melting point: 43°C, crystallinity: 11%, number-average molecular weight: 5.7 x 10 4 , weight-average molecular weight: 14.2 x 10 4 ]. (b2) Ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer EBR-1: [butene-1 content: 20 weight %, melt index (MI, 190°C, 2.16 kg load): 1.3 g/10 minutes, hardness (JIS A): 87, melting point: 78.2°C, crystallinity: 26%, number-average molecular weight: 6.5 x 10 4 , weight-average molecular weight: 12.7 x 10 4 ]. (c) Inorganic filler Talc: [LMS300 available from Fuji Talc K.K., average size: 1.25 µm ] A multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer (BPP-1), an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer (EPR-1), an ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer (EBR-1) and talc were dry-blended in proportions shown in Table 4 below by a supermixer and introduced into a double-screw extruder to conduct their blending at 190-250°C and at 200 rpm to produce composition pellets. No. 1 2 3 1A BPP-2 60 - 60 - BPP-3 - 60 - - BPP-4 - - - - BPP-5 - - - - BPP-6 - - - 60 EPR-1 30 30 25 30 EBR-1 - - 5 - Talc 10 10 10 10 The composition pellets were injection-molded at 210°C to form specimens for measuring their properties (melt flow rate, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, peeling resistance of coating formed thereon, and resistance to washing). The results are shown in Table 3. Example No. 1 2 3 1A Flexural Modulus 11500 11800 12000 10000 Izod Impact Strength at -30°C 6 6 5 6 Peeling Resistance at 23°C 1400 1390 1450 1000 at 60°C 350 290 350 180 Resistance to Room-temp., High-Pressure Washing ○ ○ ○ X Resistance to High-Temp., High-Pressure Washing ○ ○ ○ X As is clear from Table 3, the resin composition of the present invention are excellent in paint coatability, peeling resistance at high temperature and peeling resistance to high-temperature, high-pressure washing. All specimens of Examples and Comparative Examples were washed with a trichloroethane vapor, coated with a primer and a urethane topcoate paint according to a standard coating method, and a cross-cut adhesion test was conducted before and after immersion in warm water at 40°C for 240 hours to observe the adhesion and blisters of the coat. As a result, it was confirmed that all specimens of Examples showed good adhesion of the coat with no blisters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the resin compositions of the present invention are excellent in paint coatability expressed by adhesion and water resistance, etc. As described above in detail, since the resin composition of the present invention comprises a multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer and an inorganic filler, and since the elastomeric component (total of a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion in the propylene-ethylene block copolymer, and an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer) in the resin composition is designed to have high strength, the resin composition shows excellent paint coatability, peeling resistance of paint coatings and resistance to high-temperature, high-pressure washing, in addition to welled balanced mechanical properties such as impact resistance, ductility, tensile elongation, thermal deformation resistance, brittle temperature, and hardness. Also, it suffers from only small molding shrinkage and linear expansion coefficient. Such resin compositions of the present invention are usable in various applications, and particularly suitable for exterior automotive parts.

Claims: A resin composition having excellent paint coatability comprising: (A) 50-80 weight % of a multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block coplymer consisting essentially of (i) a propylene homopolymer portion, (ii) a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion, and (iii) an ethylene homopolymer portion, said propylene-ethylene block copolymer being characterized by that: (a) said propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) has a number-average molecular weight of 20 X 10 4 or more and a weight-average molecular weight of 60 X 10 4 or more, and being further characterized by that: (b) a content of ethylene is 60 weight % or more and a content of said ethylene homopolymer portion (iii) is 40 weight % or more, both based on the total amount (100 weight %) of said propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion (ii) and said ethylene homopolymer portion (iii); (B) 20-40 weight % of an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer; and (C) up to 20 weight % of an inorganic filler. The resin composition according to Claim 1, wherein said propylene-ethylene block copolymer consisting essentially of (i) 80-95 weight % of a propylene homopolymer portion, (ii) 5-20 weight % of a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion, and (iii) 10 weight % or less of an ethylene homopolymer portion. The resin composition according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein said ethylene-α-olefin copolymer elastomer comprises 10-20 weight % of an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer and 10-20 weight % of an ethylene-butene copolymer elastomer.

Inventors: IWAI HISAYUKI, IWANAMI KUNIO, KAWAZU KENJI, KITANO KITSUSHO, MIYAZAKI SHIZUO, NISHIO TAKEYOSHI, NOMURA TAKAO, SAITO YOSHIHARU, SAKAIZAWA MASAO, TASAKA MICHIHISA, IWAI, HISAYUKI, IWANAMI, KUNIO, KAWAZU, KENJI, KITANO, KITSUSHO, MIYAZAKI, SHIZUO, NISHIO, TAKEYOSHI, NOMURA, TAKAO, SAITO, YOSHIHARU, SAKAIZAWA, MASAO, TASAKA, MICHIHISA
Applicants: TONEN SEKIYUKAGAKU KK, TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD, TONEN CHEMICAL CORPORATION, TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1993
Main classification: C08L53
IPC codes: C08L53