A method and apparatus for manufacturing a flexible abrasive hone

Abstract: The method and apparatus enables enlarged multi-phase globules 65 to be firmly and non-detachably mounted on tip end portions of flexible hone bristles 55. By one method aspect, a first coating 90 of an at least semi-liquid, controllably hardenable adhesive matrix material 85a is applied to each tip end portion 60 of the bristles in a desired lamina thickness, as determined in part by the natural retention characteristics of the coated bristle tip end portions 60. Each first coating 90 is fixed and immobilized relative to its bristle tip end portion 60 whereby to substantially inhibit and prevent displacement of excess liquid, or partly liquid portions of said matrix material 85a from occurring on, and along, the bristle tip end portion 60. A quantity of usually dry particles of finely-divided abrasive material 115 is brought into mating and bonding contact with said coating 90 while it is still in at least partially semi-liquid form, thereby causing the effective picking-up of abrasive particles by said matrix material and the effective intermixing thereof into an effective two-phase, composite abrasive-matrix material 90 + 115. Said bristle tip end portions 60, carrying said coating are then subjected to the required physical conditions needed for hardening and curing said composite abrasive-matrix material on said bristle tip end portions, to a desired extent. The method permits quick and efficient mass production of flexible abrasive hones.

Description: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing abrasive hones and abrasive brushes intended, generally, for abrading, grinding, polishing and honing usage, usually, but not always, in a power-driven manner. An example of a prior hone is disclosed in US-A-3,871,139. Also US-A-3,384,915 discloses a method of making a flexible hone comprising the steps of enlarging the bristle tips, applying adhesive to each enlarged head and then applying abrasive particles to each adhesive coated head. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods of manufacturing abrasive hones and abrasive brushes intended for particularly heavy-duty usage, extended-time hard usage, and/or extremely-variable-contact-pressure usage, of the type which has been found in the past to frequently lead to breakage of the very frangible and brittle conventional grinding and/or honing "stones" or "sticks" of easily cracked, broken or even shattered abrasive material, such, for example, as a cast tungsten carbide. Such usage (which, in the past, has been found to be so destructive of conventional abrading tools) may include power-driven abrading or honing operations where a workpiece which is to be honed has substantial surface discontinuities and/or irregularities (especially of an unexpected or unpredictable nature, and, also, where a power-driven rotary abrading tool is non-symmetrically positioned relative to a curved workpiece surface which is to be abraded or honed. Either of these types of usage have been so destructive to the aforementioned types of abrading and honing tools, that attempts have been made in the more recent past to solve or mitigate this tool-breakage problem by flexibly, or resiliently, mounting the abrading (or honing) element or material in order to minimise undesired tool-workpiece contact pressure peaks and thus eliminate or greatly reduce tool-breakage. One recent attempt at a solution has comprised the mounting of small quantities of abrasive material in "globule" form on the ends of a plurality of flexible bristles of a flexible abrasive brush or hone. However, in the above-mentioned type of flexible abrasive hone it has been found very difficult to avoid "chipping" abrasive material from the "globules" during, or as a result of, hard honing usage thereof and an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for manufacturing an abrasive hone having strongly-adhering, globule carrying flexible bristles which are virtually non-chippable. According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method for quickly and efficiently mass-producing a flexible abrasive hone as set out in Claim 1 hereof. According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method for quickly and efficiently mass-producing an abrasive hone as set out in Claim 10 hereof. The method steps mentioned in any of the two immediately foregoing paragraphs may include any or all of the following features as is appropriate to achieving any of various different corresponding end results. The first coating of said controllably hardenable adhesive matrix material may be liquid epoxy resin material applied to the applicatory portion of a nylon or other bristle. The finely divided abrasive material may be tungsten carbide, silicon carbide or grit. In one preferred form of the invention, the sequence of steps is repeated as many times as the number of laminations desired in the ultimate, enlarged abrasive globule produced thereby. In one slightly-extended form of the invention, an additional adhesiveness-increasing step is preferably performed before the first coating step and takes the form of effectively scarifying the otherwise smooth exterior surface of the bristle applicatory portion, thus effectively increasing the useful surface area thereof available for adhesive purposes, while also greatly increasing the effective "adhesiveness" of that surface. In another slightly-extended form of the invention, another additional adhesiveness-increasing operation step may be performed before the first coating step and takes the form of a junction-enhancing bridging step comprising applying interjunctionary adhesive bonding material of a non-solid and uncured type to the exterior surface of the bristle applicatory portion, said interjunctionary material being of a type having a first strong affinity for the material forming the bristle applicatory portion and additionally, having a second strong affinity for the adhesive matrix material of said first exterior coat which is to be applied thereto immediately thereafter in said first coating step. Either of the two preceding method steps may be performed independently of the other (and without the other step being performed at all), or both of the two preceding steps may be performed (in the order set forth hereinbefore) for maximum junction strength. An important point to note is that the adhesive matrix applicatory step, the immobilizing step, and/or the effective composite thereof, in one preferred form of the present invention, involves a relative applicatory and/or "wiping" motion (described in detail hereinafter) which effectively causes or brings about, the desired controlled application of the liquid adhesive matrix material to the bristle applicatory portion in a most effective manner. This type of "relative applicatory and/or wiping motion" may also be advantageously used for applying "scarifying" material and/or for applying "bridging" material. Up to the present time, it has been found to be most advantageous to non-removably and non-chippably mount each such enlarged globule on the "end", the end "portion", the "tip end" or the "tip end portion" of the corresponding bristle. However, it should be noted that the present invention also includes the positioning of such an enlarged abrasive globule at location(s) other than on the bristle tip end portion(s), etc. This may be true of all, some or none of the bristles of an abrasive hone. Furthermore, different bristles of a multi-bristle abrasive hone may have their enlarged abrasive globules located at different relative positions with respect to each other. Therefore, the four just-mentioned expressions used in this specification (including the claims) to identify the position where such an enlarged abrasive globule is located, should be very broadly construed to include the meaning of a "selected portion" of each such bristle, etc. For example, an intermediate location of an enlarged abrasive globule on a centrally outwardly-bowed bristle would cause the globule to extend into a conveniently useful abrading position ready for a slightly different power-driven flexibly-supporting abrading action. According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for producing a hone in accordance with the first or second aspects of the invention. This apparatus is defined in claim 11 of the claims appended hereto. For the purpose of clarifying the nature of the present invention, several representative examples of the invention are shown as a plurality of method steps, as fragmentarily and diagrammatically, in the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is an oblique, three-dimensional view of one form of flexible abrasive hone produced by the method of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an end elevational view of the hone of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows 2-2 in Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a view, partly in side elevation and partly in section, along the line 3-3 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a view generally similar to Fig. 2, illustrating an exemplary first step in the method of production of the hone shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view, partially broken-away, of one of the bristles shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is another fragmentary view, partially broken-of the bristle of Fig. 5 in the act of picking up multiple abrasive particles; Fig. 7 shows, in a fragmentary, diagrammatic, way a subsequent composite-material-hardening and curing step, in the production of a fused-in-place abrasive globule on each bristle tip end portion; Fig. 8 shows in fragmentary partially broken-away form, a single bristle portion bearing a single abrasive globule fused in place by the steps illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7; Fig. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view generally similar to Fig. 5 but illustrating a first additional step in the method of the present invention; Fig. 10 is another fragmentary perspective view generally similar to Fig. 9 but showing a second additional step in the method of the present invention; Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view, on a reduced scale and side elevation, illustrating another variation in the basic method of the present invention; Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 5 but showing a slightly modified bristle produced by the method illustrated in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 8 of a bristle having an enlarged end bearing an abrasive globule produced in the manner shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 8 showing an abrasive globule formed on the bristle tip end in the manner shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 15 is another view similar to Fig. 8 showing an abrasive globule formed on the bristle tip end, in the manner shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 16 is an abrasive globule formed on the bristle tip end, by sequentially applying the additional steps shown in Figs. 9 and 10; Fig. 17 is a view similar to Fig. 13, showing an abrasive globule formed on the already-enlarged bristle tip in the manner shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig. 13, showing an abrasive globule formed on the already-enlarged bristle tip in the manner shown in Fig. 9; Fig. 19 shows an abrasive globule formed on the already-enlarged bristle tip of Fig. 11, by sequentially applying the additional steps shown in Figs. 9 and 10; Fig. 19A is a fragmentary view of that portion of Fig. 19 lying within the circle indicated by the arrow 19A in Fig. 19 on an enlarged scale; Fig. 20 is a fragmentary, somewhat diagrammatic and skeletonized, perspective view illustrating, by way of example, in simplified form, one basic method of the present invention; Figs. 20A and 20B show different examples of the "relative curved wiping movement"; Fig. 20C is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of that portion positioned within the circle indicated by the arrow 20C in Fig. 20; Fig. 20D is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of the lower left-hand corner portion of Fig. 20; Fig. 20E is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of that portion of Fig. 20 located immediately to the right of the portion shown in Fig. 20D. Fig. 20F is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of Fig. 20 located in the right-hand corner immediately to the right of the portion shown in Fig. 20E. Fig. 21 is a view similar to Fig. 20, extended to illustrate two additional method steps; Fig. 21A is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of the lower left-hand corner portion of Fig. 21; Fig. 21B is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale, of that portion located in the right-hand corner of Fig. 21 immediately to the right of the portion shown in Fig. 21A; Fig.22 illustrates one variation of the abrasive particle-applying step; Fig. 22A is an enlargement of that portion of Fig. 22 positioned within the circle indicated by the arrow 22A in Fig. 22; Fig. 23 illustrates one variation of the "hardening" and "curing" step shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 24 illustrates a further variation of the "hardening" and "curing" step. Fig. 25 is a diagrammatic side view of a first modification of the adhesive-applying step. Fig. 26 is a diagrammatic end view of Fig. 25 on a slightly enlarged scale. Fig. 27 is a side view similar to Fig. 25, showing a modified form of the applicatory step. Fig. 28 is a diagrammatic end view of Fig. 27 on a slightly enlarged scale. Fig. 29 is another simplified diagrammatic side view, similar to Fig. 25, illustrating a further modification of the applicatory step; Fig. 30 is a simplified, diagrammatic end view of Fig. 29 on a slightly enlarged scale. Fig. 31 shows the applicatory step of Figs. 29 and 30 applied to the end portion of a bristle of the type shown in Figs. 11 and 13; Fig. 32 is a simplified, diagrammatic end view of Fig. 31 showing the spray nozzle adjusted to provide a slightly wider-angle-spray than show in Fig. 30; Fig. 33 is a view generally similar to Fig. 5, illustrating another pattern of movement; Fig. 34 is a view generally similar to Fig. 1, showing the composite multi-bristle-and-core brush construction before commencement of any bristle-tip-end coating-applicatory operations; Fig. 35 is a diagrammatic, side view with parts broken away, showing another variation of the scarifying operation. Several exemplary forms of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to a first basic series of method steps indicated at the corresponding "stations" shown diagrammatically in Fig. 20 and with reference to a second extended series of method steps indicated at the corresponding "stations" shown diagrammatically in Fig. 21. Each of said two different series of method steps is shown individually in various different figures of the drawings. Said method steps are shown as producing (1) a particular form of individual part , and/or (2) a particular form of composite part ; with each such individual part being shown as comprising an enlarged-abrasive-globule-carrying flexible bristle and with each such composite part being shown as comprising a flexible abrasive hone made by assembling a plurality of such bristles firmly mounted at their rear end portions on a bristle holding base. In the form illustrated the bristles are effectively mounted on said base in a relatively evenly spaced-apart manner with the tip portions and the rear end portions being generally similar spaced-apart in a longitudinal direction such that the abrasive globules are positioned at generally similar distances from the base to define an effective multi-element, flexibly-supported honing surface. One exemplary flexible abrasive hone is indicated at 50 in Figs. 1-3. As shown, it includes a plurality of bristles, most of which are similar to the individual enlarged-abrasive-globule-carrying flexible bristles already referred to hereinbefore and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. As shown in Figs. 1-3, said bristles are indicated at 55 and are shown as being of flexible construction with outer bristle tip ends 60 being provided with virtually non-chippable abrasive globules 65. As shown in Figs. 1-3, the bristles 55 have effective inner end portions indicated at 70 which are effectively held by a bristle-holding base, shown at 75 in Figs. 1-3 (comprising a twisted wire 80 effectively engaging and holding the ends 70). The arrangement is such that the abrasive globules 65 are positioned at generally similar distances from the base in close laterally adjacent relation to each other and together define the effective outer peripheral surface of the complete flexible abrasive hone 50. The present invention is primarily concerned with a novel method of manufacture employed in making each of the abrasive globules 65 and non-chippably and non-removably mounting each globule 65 on its corresponding bristle tip 60, and this method will be particularly described, with special reference to Figs. 4 to 8 and 20. The first basic step in the method is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 4 and comprises the application of a first coating of a semi-liquid curable adhesive, matrix 85A to a tip portion 60 of each bristle 55 in a manner which will produce on said tip end portion a first exterior coat or lamina 90. In the arrangement diagrammatically shown in Fig. 4, the matrix 85A may comprise an initially liquid or semi-liquid adhesive plastic resin such as an epoxy resin and may initially be carried upon or thinly coated upon an underlying table 95A and the bristle tip ends 60 are wipingly rotated with respect to the table 95A (as indicated diagrammatically at 100) while being forcibly biased thereagainst to effectively apply a thin layer of the matrix 85A around the entire tip 60 of each bristle 55 and along only a relatively short, predetermined length thereof so that each bristle will end up with a similar thin exterior coat 90. Inasmuch as the material comprising each exterior coat 90 is semi-liquid it could very easily move along the shaft portion of a bristle 55 so as to be displaced from its desired end position if it is not somehow effectively restrained or immobilized against such movement. Therefore, the first coating step shown in Figs. 4 and 5 also, effectively includes an immobilizing step for effectively fixing said first exterior coat 90. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the first coating step and the fixing and immobilizing step are effectively combined with both steps being effectively accomplished by the relative rotary movement best indicated at 100, of each bristle tip end 60 while it is temporarily in forced wiping engagement with the semi-liquid matrix 85A. This occurs even while the abrasive-hone 50 in the making is being rotated around the longitudinal axis of its centrally-positioned bristle-holding base 75 in the direction shown by the arrows 105 in Fig. 4. The combination of the first applicatory step and the effective immobilizing step illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, effectively comprise a limited-application step and may also be accomplished as shown, for example, in Figs. 25-32 and the wiping movement may follow a figure-eight pattern as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 33 or 35. The first applicatory step, wherein the adhesive matrix material 85A is applied to the bristle tips 60, may also be referred to as an adhesive applicatory step and the location where said adhesive applicatory step occurs may be referred to as an adhesive applicatory station, such as is generally indicated at 110A in Fig. 20. The operation performed at station 110A will be described hereinafter. The next step in the method of the present invention is the performing of an abrasive applicatory step, taking the form of bringing a quantity of dry, abrasive particles 115 (best show in Fig. 6) into bonding contact with said exterior adhesive coat 90 of as-yet-uncured epoxy resin material on each bristle tip 60 and thereby causing the effective picking-up of the abrasive particles 115 by the exterior coat 90 and the effective intermixing thereof into an effective two-phase, composite abrasive-matrix coat 90 + 115. In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 6, each of the bristle tip ends 60 is arranged to perform the just-described abrasive applicatory step in a relative-non-lateral-displacement-causing manner such as is shown in three successive portions of the single bristle 55 shown in Fig. 6, rotating in a clockwise direction and moving toward the right, as shown in both Fig. 4 and Fig. 20. This prevents "wiping off" the epoxy resin coat 90 and any of the abrasive particles picked up thereby which might otherwise occur because of the normally relatively closely-packed condition of a conventional bed of abrasive particles, which would otherwise offer substantial resistance to lateral movement of each bristle tip end portion 60 therethrough. Thus, virtually eliminating any such lateral movement of a bristle tip 60 through the closely-packed bed of abrasive particles 115, as shown in Fig. 6, is one way of solving this problem. However, it is not the only way to solve this problem and is, therefore, non-limiting. Alternatively, a fluidized bed of abrasive particles (or an air-abrasive-particle slurry) has a greatly reduced effective resistance to lateral movement of a coated bristle tip end portion therethrough and, thus, would also solve this problem. One such arrangement is shown, by way of example, in broken lines at 120 in Fig. 20 and in solid lines at 120 in Fig. 22 and will be described hereinafter. In either case, the abrasive applicatory step is performed after completion of the adhesive applicatory step shown in Fig. 20 as occurring at the adhesive applicatory station indicated generally at 110A. Therefore, in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 20, the abrasive applicatory step is shown as being performed at an appropriate location such as that indicated generally at 125 in the manner shown in Fig. 6 or Fig. 22. In certain forms of the present invention, the just-described abrasive applicatory step is repeated several times in order to maximize the quantity of abrasive particles 115 picked up by the semi-liquid adhesive coating 90 before proceeding to the curing step, which will next be described in one exemplary form which occurs at a curing station 130. The curing step, in one preferred arrangement, takes the form of subjecting each bristle tip end portion 60, which now carries the effective two-phase, composite abrasive-matrix material coating 90+115, to the required physical conditions needed for hardening and curing same. In one exemplary form of the present invention, the required physical conditions needed for the performance of the aforementioned curing step take the form of the application of heat at an appropriate temperature for an appropriate duration time. This is normally done at the curing station, indicated generally at 130, where a curing oven 135 is positioned in the flowpath of the bristles 55 and each coated bristle tip end 60 carrying the aforementioned composite, multi-phase matrix-abrasive coating 90+115. Usually the next step in the method of the present invention is the performing of what might be termed a globule-size-increasing, multiple-lamination-producing step, which usually takes the form of repeating the sequence of the preceding steps a desired number of times corresponding to the desired number of layer-upon-layer laminations to be produced thereby to form an enlarged abrasive globule such as is shown at 65 in Fig. 8 and in Figs. 1-3 inclusive, (in multiple) as the active parts of a complete flexible, self-centring and self-sizing abrasive hone 50. It should be noted that the method of the present invention can be carried out, wholly or partially by hand or can be performed using apparatus or equipment other than that shown in the drawings. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 20, a drive motor 140 is coupled to a dual-chain endless-loop type conveyor 145, the two chains of which are effectively tied together for simultaneous movement and is adapted to drive the conveyor 145 in a direction indicated by arrows 150. Each one of the hone preforms 50P (generally similar to the finished hone 50 shown in Figs. 1-3, except for the enlarged abrasive globules 65 is rotatively and releaseably attached to the two chains of the conveyor 145 by half-bearing straps 155 extending over the central base 75 of hone preform 50P and fastened to the two chains of the conveyor 145 near to the opposite ends of the stem 75 in a manner which allows said stem 75 (and the entire hone preform 50P) to rotate around the axis of said stem 75 as a result of torque imparted thereto by the frictional rolling engagement of an idler disc, or roller 160 fixedly carried by said stem 75 and having its outer periphery positioned for frictional engagement with rotatable table 95A bearing the adhesive matrix means 85A. Thus the preform-rotating movement indicated by the directional arrows 105 of Fig. 4 is produced as long as the friction roller 160 is in contact with the upper surface of the table 95A, as is clearly shown in Fig. 20. The rotary movement of the table 95A relative to the hone preform 50P, as indicated by the arrows 100 in Fig. 4, is accomplished, in Fig. 20, by imparting two different, mutually perpendicular, horizontal reciprocating forces to the entire table 95A as indicated by the two double-ended arrows 165 and 170 which combine to provide the relative rotary movement at 100 in Fig. 4. In the example illustrated in Fig. 20, the two reciprocating forces indicated by the arrows 165 and 170 are effectively provided by two corresponding (reciprocating) actuators, indicated diagrammatically at 175A and 180A, respectively, which may comprise pressurized-fluid-operated, double-action, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder type actuators. It should be understood that the two actuators 175a and 180A are adapted to be provided with any well-known type of input and output ducts and appropriate valving, etc. all connectable to any well-known source of pressurized fluid (usually, through a main control and correlation centre (not shown) for controlling the timing, duration and direction of such pressurized fluid to the different actuators, the cycling or reciprocation thereof and/or relationships therebetween. The upper platform 185A of Fig. 20 is slidably mounted upon a pair of mounting rails 190A, transversely extending in a horizontal plane and in turn, fixed to the upper surface of a lower platform 195A which is slidably mounted upon a second pair of mounting rails 200A, longitudinally directed in a second horizontal plane just below the first-mentioned horizontal plane. The mounting rails 200A are adapted to be mounted upon an appropriate underlying apparatus supporting base (not shown). It should be noted that the term "relative rotary movement" (when describing the movement of the table 95A relative to the hone 50P) may mean virtually any type of curved relative movement involving movement of a repetitive nature where relative displacement occurs on each side of an intermediate effective null lateral relative displacement location. This, of course, includes relative movement of generally circular, oval, elliptical or other closed-loop shapes, one exemplary form of which is illustrated at 100 in Figs. 4 and 20A; but it also includes non-closed-loop configurations, one exemplary form of which is diagrammatically shown at 101 in Fig. 20B, which is generally the type of relative movement which would be produced between the adhesive-coated table 95A and each bristle tip 60 of the hone preform 50P if the longitudinal reciprocating force 165 is eliminated entirely, such as by eliminating those optional portions of the apparatus located at the adhesive applicatory station 110A and including the lower platform 195A, the lower pair of rails 200A and the lower reciprocating actuator 175A. It should also be noted that in the method of the present invention, so far described and illustrated, the mounting of each bristle 55 is such that it is not free for rotation around its own longitudinal axis while the bristle tip 60 is being moved along and through the semi-liquid adhesive matrix material 85A coated upon the top surface of the table 95A, as shown in Fig. 5. This type of relative movement, while the bristle tip is forcibly biased against the coated surface of the table, will ensure that the bristle tip must turn over so all outer surface portions of the laterally bent bristle tip 60 will contact said surface for wipingly performing both the applicatory step and the immobilizing step. The shaft of each bristle 55 during the movement shown in Fig. 5 usually assumes a somewhat angular, downwardly and outwardly diverging configuration such that a complete circular movement would define a surface resembling an inverted cone having a downwardly diverging angular sidewall which would appear, in an imaginary vertical sectional view of the cone, to be outwardly concave to an extent determined by the magnitude of the relative displacement, the effective stiffness and length of the bristle 55 and the biasing force exerted between the bristle and the coated upper surface of the table. It should be understood that said relative movement may be provided virtually entirely by movement of the table 95A only by movement of each bristle 55 only or by movement of both. It is also possible for the aforesaid "relative movement" to include relative rotation of each bristle 55 and its tip 60 around the longitudinal axis of the bristle with respect to the adhesive material 85A carried as a semi-liquid coating on the table 95A or otherwise adjacent to the bristle tip 60 and effectively applied to the bristle tip. Of course the absolute (rotating) movement in the aforesaid "modified relative movement" may be provided virtually entirely by "rotation" of the bristle 55 around its imaginary longitudinal axis or virtually entirely by "rotation" of the adhesive material 85A (or an applicatory source thereof) round the bristle tip 60, or by movement of each of same, inasmuch as all three kinds of movement result in "relative movement" within the meaning and scope of the language defining the novel method of the present invention. Different forms of said relative rotary movement are shown, for example, in Figs. 25 and 26, Figs. 27 and 28, Figs. 29 and 30 and Figs 31 and 32. The "biasing force" previously mentioned as part of the applicatory and/or immobilizing step performed at station 110A in Fig. 20 is applied to the table 95A through a scissors mechanism indicated generally at 205A, pivotally connected between the platform 185A and the table 95A by a double-action actuator 210A pivotally connected to a linkage or coupling bar 215A which is attached to the scissors jack 205A for controllably operating same and correspondingly raising or lowering the table 95A as desired. Normally, when the adhesive matrix coating 85A carried by the upper surface of the table 95A is to be applied to each bristle tip 60 carried by a hone preform 50P, the table is raised by the scissors jack 205A and the actuator 210A until the downwardly directed bristles 55 are partially bent by the bias imparted thereto, as is shown collectively in Fig. 4 and individually in Fig. 5. In the example illustrated in Fig. 20, the double-action actuator 210A is shown as comprising a double-action, fluid- pressure-operated hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder of well-known type provided with any well-known type of input and output ducts and appropriate valving, etc., all connectable to a source of pressurized fluid, and, to a main control and correlation centre for controlling the operation of the scissors jack actuator 210A, as desired for proper operation of station 110A, etc. Said main control and correlation centre may be the same as or part of the main control and correlation centre previously mentioned for controlling the actuators 175A and 185A and are not specifically shown inasmuch as such arrangements are well-known in the art. The rate of forward rotary movement of the entire hone preform 50P is determined by the diameter of the friction roller 160 and it may be made size-adjustable by providing for the interchanging of friction rollers of different effective diameters or an axially shiftable conical friction roller may be employed for this purpose. After completion of said first coating step illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 20, while the hone preform 50P is located at station 110A of Fig. 20, the preform 50P is subjected to the next step of the method of the present invention comprising the application of abrasive particles which is performed while the hone preform is in the location of, and is adapted to be moved by the conveyor 145 through, the abrasive particles applicatory station 125 of Fig. 20. This is shown with respect to the entire hone preform 50P in Fig. 20 and is shown, diagrammatically, in Fig. 6 with respect to a single representative bristle 55, shown in several different positions of movement representing what happens to each bristle tip 60 as the entire hone preform 50P of Fig. 20 moves through the abrasive particles applicatory station 125. As best shown in Fig. 6, each adhesive-coated bristle tip end 60 initially enters the bed of abrasive particles 115 (as shown at the left of Fig. 6) bearing abrasive particles 115 (usually "Carborundum", silicon carbide, or the like) but soon picks up a substantial quantity on the still-liquid or semi-liquid adhesive coating 90, usually, but not necessarily, epoxy resin, so the bristle tip 60 effectively carries the two-phase composite plastic-matrix-abrasive-particle material 90+115 when it emerges from the bed of abrasive particles 115 (as shown at the right of Fig. 6). This can be accentuated and the amount of abrasive particles 115 picked up can be increased by increasing the duration time of the intimate contact between the bed of abrasive particles 115 and the adhesive-coated bristle tip end 60 which may be accomplished in a number of ways, such as by temporarily slowing (or even stopping) the advancing movement of the conveyor 145, or by effectively repeating the operation, or by increasing the number of such abrasive particle applicatory stations, etc. or otherwise increasing the intimate contact and "pick-up" operation just described. Inasmuch as the adhesive coating 90 is still in a semi-liquid or liquid, state during the abrasive particle(s) applicatory operation shown in process with respect to a single representative one of the plurality of bristles 55 of the hone preform 50P, it is important to avoid, or at least greatly minimize, any tendency of the bed of abrasive particles 115 to, in effect, frictionally "wipe off" said liquid, or semi-liquid adhesive coating 90 and/or any abrasive particles 115 already picked up, from the bristle tip end 60. Therefore, in the example illustrated in Fig. 6, any relative lateral movement of the bristle tip end 60 through the bed of abrasive particles 115 is to be avoided or minimized as much as possible, by effectively bringing them into relative-non-lateral-displacement-causing contact, one representative form of which is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 6, the upper portion of the bristle 55 is being moved to the right by the conveyor 145 of Fig. 20 to an extent sufficient to substantially balance out (and effectively neutralize) the movement of the bristle tip 60 toward the left, as shown in Fig. 6, so said bristle tip 60 moves substantially neither to the left nor toward the left in Fig. 6 but merely downwardly and immerses itself in the abrasive particles 115 and then removes itself therefrom with very little (or virtually no) lateral movement thereof, as is clearly shown in the three-sequential-positions of the single bristle 55 in Fig. 6. However, while Fig. 6 shows one way of minimizing the aforementioned bristle "wipe-off", various other methods may be employed for this purpose. One such is shown partially, in broken lines, at 120 in Fig. 20 and in solid lines, at 120 in Fig. 22 and effectively comprises the "fluidizing" of the abrasive particles by pumping a fluid such as air, under pressure, through a bed 115F of abrasive particles so that the particles are separated sufficiently from one another to greatly reduce any frictional resistance to lateral displacement of the bristle tip 60 through the particles 115 in the bed 115F. This "fluidizing" effect is maximized in the upper portions thereof. In the example illustrated in Fig. 22 the "fluidizing" action is achieved by providing an open-topped container 220 which has a porous diffuser plate or filter means, or effective screen or sieve 225 having multiple through-holes 230 which have effective openings smaller in size than the exterior size of the smallest of the abrasive particles 115 but which are readily pervious to pressurized air which is forced upwardly therethrough from a lower manifold 235, into which pressurized air is pumped through a flexible input duct 240, from any conventional source of pressurized air, such as that indicated diagrammatically at 245. The next step in the method of the present invention, (one representative form of which is diagrammatically shown in Fig. 20) is the performing of a composite-material-hardening and curing step, one version of which is performed at curing station 130 shown in Fig. 20 and also, in Fig. 7, where a curing chamber (or oven) 135 is positioned to receive the conveyor 145 which carries the hone preforms 50P into and through the curing chamber to effectively cure and harden the material 90+115 to a desired optimum extent. This will produce a one-lamina or one-coat abrasive globule similar to the innermost lamina 250 in Fig. 8. A repetition of the foregoing steps will result in an enlarged abrasive globule similar to those shown at 65 in Figs. 1-3 and of virtually any desired size depending, primarily, upon the number of repetitions. In the curing chamber 135 shown in Figs. 20 and 7 "curing" is effected by passing heated air over and around the preforms 50P and the bristles 55. This may be done by way of ingress slots S and coupling sleeves 255 and 260 coupled into a circulating system for heated air, hot flue gas or the like 265. Also other types of curing may be employed such as radian heat or ultra-violet radiation. Two such variations are shown generally at 135R in Fig. 23 and at 135UV in Fig. 24. As shown in Fig. 23, the convection type of heat source 256 of Fig. 7 is replaced by an appropriate source of radiant heat, such as the heating element 280, which may be of any suitable type, usually, (1) an electrically energizable length of heat-resistant, electrically-conductive material having suitable electrical resistivity characteristics, such as a "Nichrome" (nickel-chromium alloy) coil, or the like or (2) a length of "low-temperature" material such as a matrix of heat-resistant rubber or plastics material or equivalent (usually of relative low electrical conductivity and often flexible) containing a plurality of heat-resistant electric-current-carrier particles, often carbon particles, so arranged with respect to each other and with respect to the low electrical conductivity matrix material as to comprise a "low-temperature" heating element adapted to operate at a lower surface temperature than a "Nichrome" coil, but to still radiate a considerable absolute quantity (B.T.U.s) of heat because of the usual large heat-radiating surface thereof; (3) or the type generally used in electric stoves, where multiple packed-together particles of a material having an exceptionally high ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity effectively form an efficient high-wattage-output electric heating element and radiant energy source 280. As shown in Fig. 24, the source of "curing" energy is modified to comprise an ultra-violet radiation source 285, which may comprise discharge-type lamp means (usually quartz-glass tubing containing spaced opposite-polarity electrodes separated by mercury vapour). The matrix material 90 (epoxy resin, in the heat-cured first version already described) must be altered or changed when the ultra-violet curing step illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 24 is to be employed. In this latter case, an ultra-violet-sensitive or ultra-violet-responsive curable plastic resin (or composite) must be used to form the matrix material coating portion 90 of the composite multi-phase adhesive-abrasive coating 90+115 on the tip end 60 of each bristle of each hone preform 50P which is to be cured by controlled exposure to ultra-violet radiation in the modified curing chamber fragmentarily illustrated at 135 UV in Fig. 24. It should be noted that in the exemplary showing of Fig. 20 the bed of abrasive particles 115 is supported upon the top surface of, and is carried by, an effective abrasive table 380, which is usually provided with upstanding side walls 385 adapted to help retain the quantity of abrasive particles 115 in place. In certain arrangements, the abrasive table 380 may also be provided with end wall means 390 which may be partially cut-away at top central hone-preform-entry locations 395 thereof to facilitate passage therethrough for the hone preforms 50P, or which may be provided with a flexible, deflectable entry gate at said locations 395. In lieu of the end wall partial cut-away portions (or the alternative flexible, deflectable entry gate) at 395, the abrasive table 380 (which is height-adjustable in essentially the same manner as that previously illustrated and described in detail with reference to the table 95A) is arranged (by pre-programming its height-adjustable actuator 205a) to initially position the abrasive table 380 low enough to allow a hone preform 50P which is approaching the abrasive particles applicatory station to pass over the end wall 390, after which the abrasive table is moved upwardly (by an appropriate upward height-adjustment action performed by said abrasive table actuator 205a to exactly the proper height location for proper engagement of each epoxy-coated bristle tip 60 with the bed of abrasive particles 115 in the general manner shown with respect to one representative individual bristle 55 in Fig. 6 (or, alternatively, in the manner shown in Fig. 22). The same abrasive-table height-adjustable actuator 205a is, also, pre-programmed to perform essentially a reverse height-adjusting action when the conveyor 145 moves the now abrasive-particle-coated hone preform to the exit end wall 390 at which time the abrasive-table height-adjustable actuator 205a lowers said abrasive table 380 back to its initial lower-height position, which is low enough to allow the now abrasive-particle-coated hone preform 50P to clear and pass over the exit end wall 390. Incidentally, it should be noted that the similar actuator 205A for the adhesive applicatory station's table 95A may be pre-programmed in a manner generally similar to that just described for the abrasive-table actuator 205a in order to provide the proper biasing force against each bristle tip end 60 during the wiping action step best shown in Fig. 5, that is, while each hone preform 50 is being carried through the adhesive applicatory station 110A. However, the biasing force may be manually provided or it may be provided by any other effectively equivalent apparatus and/or equipment. In the example illustrated in Fig. 20, the actuator means 205a takes the form of a scissors mechanism (sometimes known as a scissors jack or actuator) pivotally attached between the abrasive table 380 and an underlying, downwardly-spaced platform 185a and further includes a double-action fluid-pressure-operated "cylinder" 210a which may be virtually identical to the previously illustrated and described adhesive-table actuator cylinder 210a. The cylinder 210a is pivotally connected to a coupling or linkage bar 215a which is attached to the scissors jack 205a for controllably operating same and correspondingly raising and lowering the abrasive table 380 as desired, all similar to the previously described mode of operation of the adhesive applicatory station's scissors jack 205a and actuator cylinder 210A. Figs. 9 and 15 are generally similar, respectively, to previously described Figs. 5 and 8, respectively, but illustrate the inclusion of an additional step in the method of the present invention, a so-called scarification step, which can be performed manually by the use of apparatus shown generally in a so-called scarification station, indicated generally at 110S in Fig. 21. The purpose of the scarification step is to substantially increase the strength of the junction of an entire finished abrasive globule 65 with the exterior wall of a bristle tip 60 beyond that which would normally occur. This is particularly important when the bristle 55 and, of course, the tips 60 thereof, are made of nylon plastics material which makes a very good flexible bristle but is characterized by having a very smooth, almost wax-like outer surface which normally does not adhere (or bond) very strongly to certain of the epoxy resins which may be used for the adhesive matrix coating 90. This adhesion problem can be solved by treating the surface of each bristle end in a manner which will effectively scarify (soften, roughen, and/or render more porous) the exterior surface of each bristle tip 60 so the next outwardly adjacent layer of adhesive matrix material 30 (usually an epoxy resin) can adhere to the inwardly adjacent "scarified" surface of the nylon bristle tip 60 much more strongly than would otherwise be the case. The scarification operation is preferably performed in a manner quite similar to the previously-described first coating applicatory step shown individually in Fig. 5 and shown in multiple in Fig. 20 at adhesive application station 110A, except for the fact that the scarification material 265 is substituted for the epoxy resin adhesive plastics matrix material shown at 85A as a coating upon the table 95A in Figs. 5 and 20 and shown at 90 after the application thereof to each bristle tip 60. Fig. 15 shows the multi-layer enlarged abrasive globule 65 formed by repeating the steps and is similar to the previously described multiple-lamina enlarged abrasive globule, as shown at 65 in Fig. 8, but additionally including the inner scarification layer 265, which is preferably applied "thinly" to the bristle tip 60 only by the novel "wiping-application" movement of the present invention (two representative forms of which are shown at 100 in Fig. 20A and at 101 in Fig. 20B). While the scarifying step just described can be performed manually, it can also be performed by using any of a variety of different machines and/or equipments, one exemplary form of which is illustrated in Fig. 21, where the complete scarification apparatus is located in the first processing section 110S of a multi-station machine which comprises an extended version of the already described basic machine shown in Fig. 20. Therefore, parts shown in Fig. 21 which correspond to previously identified and/or described parts shown in Fig. 20, are designated by similar reference numerals primed however and not again described in specific detail. However, Fig. 21 also shows additional stations 110S, 110B which are almost duplicates of station 110A of Fig. 20 and additional station 125' which is almost a duplicate of previously described abrasive applicatory station 125 of Fig. 20. Therefore, in Fig. 21, those parts identical with parts already shown in Fig. 20 are identified by the same (but primed) reference numerals. In the case of the first one (110S) of the three new stations shown in Fig. 21 the capital letter "S" indicates that it is a scarification station, as distinguished from station 110A of Fig. 20, where the capital letter "A" indicates that it is an adhesive applicatory station. The adhesive plastic matrix coating applied by station 110A of Fig. 20 is replaced by the scarifying material 265 of Fig. 21 (also shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 15) which material will be described in greater detail subsequently. In the case of the second one (110B) of the three new stations shown in Fig. 21 the capital letter "B" indicates that it is a bridging station, as distinguished from the adhesive applicatory station 110A of Fig. 20, the adhesive plastic matrix coating applied by station 110A being replaced by the bridging material 270 of Fig. 21 (also shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 14) which material will be described in greater detail subsequently. The third one (125') of the new stations shown in Fig. 21 is only a very slight modification of the abrasive particle(s) applicatory station 125 of Fig. 20. The scissors jacks and fluid-pressure-operated actuators of all of the five interchangeable stations are essentially the same as those shown at 205A and 210A and at 205 and 210a in Fig. 20 and the duplicates thereof shown at 205a and 210a in Fig. 20. Therefore, said scissors jacks, actuators, etc. are designated by the same reference numerals followed by the next succeeding lower case letters ("b", "c" and "d") without additional detailed description. The scarifying material 265 may be any chemical which can penetrate and/or effectively attack the surface of the bristle end 60 so as to effectively increase the porosity of, and/or the roughness of, the surface of the bristle tip 60 brought into intimate contact therewith for an appropriate period of time. In those instances where the bristle tip is made of smooth nylon plastics material, suitable scarifying materials may include phenol, resorcinol, various resorcinol derivatives, formaldehydes, various resorcinol-formaldehyde combinations and other nylon penetrators, softeners and/or attacker-rougheners. Mechanical abrasion may also be employed for scarification. See Fig. 34 for one representative example of this. It is important that the scarifying material 265 be applied to each bristle tip 60 in a controlled, limited fashion so that the material remains in place on only the bristle tip 60 and not on any of the rest of the bristle 55. In other words, it is important to effectively immobilize the liquid scarifying material 265 upon only the bristle tip 60, as best indicated in Fig. 9, and in the manner previously described in connection with the application of the adhesive matrix material 85A and 90, as shown in Fig. 5. If the optional bridging station 110b of Fig. 21 is skipped and if the appropriate sequential steps are repeated in a globule-size-increasing, multiple-lamination-producing step, an enlarged abrasive globule, such as that shown at 65 in Fig. 15 is produced. The "bridging" step shown diagrammatically in Fig. 10 is performed at the bridging station 110B in Fig. 21 and essentially consists of the controlled application of a suitable interjunctionary bridging material 270 to the exterior of each treated bristle tip 60, either an unscarified bristle tip 60 (as shown in Figs. 10 and 14, for example) or a previously scarified bristle tip 60 (of the type shown in Fig. 9, for example). The combination applicatory and wiping-off relative motion employed in applying only just the right quantity of the bridging material 270 to each bristle tip 60 is extremely important and when employed without previous scarification and repeated until the desired number of laminations have been built-up, results in an enlarged abrasive globule 65 of the type shown in Fig. 14. With previous scarification and the desired number of laminations, an enlarged abrasive globule 65 of the type shown in Fig. 16 is produced, which has the maximum adhesion-strength because of the use of both the scarification indicated at 265 and the interjunctionary bridging 270. Of course, it is understood that the slightly modified form of the method of the present invention required to produce the Fig. 15 type of final enlarged abrasive globule 65 involves skipping the "bridging" step referred to hereinbefore and in the performance of the somewhat extended method of the present invention by the apparatus shown in Fig. 21, the entire "bridging" station 110B is skipped, usually, by being effectively removed from the rest of the complete apparatus or machine shown in Fig. 21, wherein all (or at least, most) of the complete apparatus or machine, is preferably of what might be considered to be "modular" construction, with respect to the various stations such that they can be effectively removed, replaced and/or interchanged as desired. Similarly, it should be understood that the slightly modified form of the method of the present invention required to produce the Fig. 14 type of final enlarged abrasive globule 65 involves skipping the "scarification" step referred to hereinbefore, and in the performance of the method of the present invention by the apparatus shown in Fig. 21 the entire "scarification" station 110S is skipped, usually, by being effectively removed from the rest of the complete apparatus, or machine shown in Fig. 21. The "bridging" material indicated at 270 in Figs. 10, 14 and 21 may be any bonding and/or adhesive interjunctionary material which has a greater affinity for each of the two materials of which each bristle tip 60 and each adhesive coating layer 90 is made so as to effectively provide an adhesive-strength-enhanced briding junction between the material of the bristle tip 60 and the material of the immediately-outwardly-adjacent next coating layer 90 which is substantially stronger than would otherwise be the case with a direct junction between said two materials made without the interjunctionary "bridging" step. In one exemplary form of the method of the present invention where the bristle tip material 60 is nylon plastics resin material (one of a group of structurally protein-like synthetic polymeric amides, usually made from coal, air and water, etc.) and where the adhesive matrix coating layer 90 is made of an initially liquid (or semi-liquid) epoxy resin material, the briding material 270, in one preferred form of the invention may comprise resorcinol and/or a resorcinol-formaldehyde synthetic resin, which is somewhat similar to the previously mentioned scarifying material 265 and may include various resorcinol, formaldehyde and/or a resorcinol-formaldehyde synthetic plastics resins (both full strength and diluted, usually, water-diluted). In one exemplary form of implementation of the method of the present invention, the scarifying material 265 may be diluted (in part so as to reduce not only its concentration but its composite size, when carried by a bristle tip, etc.) and scarification of the nylon bristle tip occurs to a desired extent. Then the scarified bristle tip may proceed directly on to the next operative modular station (either 110B to 110A, depending upon the desires and modular station selections of, an operator of the machine shown in Fig. 21) for appropriate further processing as previously described. On the other hand, the scarification 265 on the bristle tip 60 may first be dried (which might be considered by some to be a low-temperature cure) before proceeding on to the next desired step. The drying of the scarification material 265 (where that is desired) may be accomplished in any suitable manner. One such, would be to provide an extra drying (or curing) station somewhat like the previously-described, final-step, main curing station shown at 130' in Fig. 21 and to place it immediately beyond ( after , in the flowpath) the scarification station 110S, at a location such as indicated at 111 in Fig. 21, where a relatively low curing temperature can be applied, usually, for a relatively short curing and hardening time. Then, the scarification material 265 may be reapplied and may be again dried by effectively repeating the scarification and drying steps described in the two preceding paragraphs. This may be done by effective "recycling" movement and/or reversing-and-repeating movement or by next adding to the sequence of stations two more duplicating stations just like the original scarifying station 110S and the immediately following extra drying station indicated at the original location 111. In certain forms of the present invention, the duplication and/or doubling-up type of action mentioned in the preceding paragraph may also be employed following (and immediately after) the main "bridging" station 110B of Fig. 21 at the location indicated at 112 in Fig. 21, for example. These two modifications will allow both the scarification material 265 and the bridging material 170 to be applied twice (or more times) and dried (or cured) twice (or more times) before going on to the next epoxy-resin-coating step in the next station 110A' in Fig. 21. It should be noted that in some forms of the invention, the scarification material 265 and/or the bridging material 270, and/or the adhesive plastic matrix coating material (85A' on the table 95A' and 90 on individual bristle tips 60) may be multi-part materials adapted to have at least some of the parts applied separately. This can be handled very readily by the method of the present invention and by the machine shown in Fig. 21, modified by the addition of whatever number of additional stations (similar to station 110A', for example) are required to perform the separate application to each bristle tip 60 of all such separately applicable parts of any or all such multi-part scarification material 265, such multi-part bridging material 270 and/or such multi-part adhesive plastics matrix coating material 85A'-90', etc., interspersed by whatever additional curing stations (such as the exemplary one shown at 130' in Fig. 21) are thought to be needed to optimize the joining process and the strength of the junction resulting therefrom and effectively attaching the final resultant enlarged abrasive globule 65 to the bristle tip 60. It is obvious that the above-mentioned multi-station-supplemented version of the Fig. 21 form of modular machine which may be employed in practising the method of the present invention, lends itself well to the use of relatively complex and/or many-step applicatory procedures and processes. For example, one such relatively complex and many-step applicatory procedure might be described as follows. The scarifying material 265 and/or the bridging material 270 may comprise a multi-component plastics resin, such as a two-component resorcinol-formaldehyde synthetic resin of which one component can be applied, in liquid form, to each bristle tip 60 by a "wiping action" station similar to that shown at 110S in Fig. 21, while a second component thereof (effectively comprising a "hardener") is additionally and subsequently similarly applied to the first-component-coated bristle tip 60 in order to effectively harden it in place. The two-component resorcinol-formaldehyde synthetic resin has a great affinity for the synthetic plastics material (usually nylon) of which the bristle tip 60 is made and also, has a great affinity for the adhesive plastics matrix coating layer material 85A'-90 (usually an epoxy resin), which is repetitively applied (and firmly attached) to the preceding layers until an enlarged abrasive globule 65 (such as is shown in Fig. 16) is built up. Said enlarged abrasive globule 65 is wear-attritionable, primarily with respect to the adhesive plastics matrix coating layer 90 because it is softer than the abrasive particles 115, which thus effectively project from the globule no matter how much the globule is worn down as a result of extensive honing usage thereof. In certain forms of the invention, each bristle tip which is to be coated is arranged to be initially enlarged before the previously-described sequence of method steps begins. This may be accomplished by starting with already pre-existing bristles 55 which already have pre-enlarged bristle-tip-end beads 60E, or by starting with ordinary bristles 55 and then effectively modifying the conventional bristle tips 60 into the enlarged bristle tip end-beads 60E. One exemplary procedure for producing such enlarged beads 60E on the ends of thermoplastics bristles 55 is shown somewhat diagrammatically in Fig. 11, where the plurality of conventional bristles 55 and bristle tips 60 carried by a typical hone preform 50P are relatively moved against a heated plate (or panel) 275 and then rolled therealong in the direction of the arrow until all of the initially regular bristle tips 60 have come into forced contact with the heated panel 275 for a period of time long enough to effectively deform the bristle tips 60 into the enlarged beads 60E. In any event, however the enlarged-bead-type-of bristle tip end 60E is achieved it can be seen that it can then be treated in accordance with any or all of the different steps involved in the method of the present invention and previously described in detail hereinbefore, the only difference being that the treated bristle tip is of the enlarged bead 60E type instead of the regular, non-enlarged, ordinary bristle tip 60 type. The alternative abrasive particles applicatory station 125' of Fig. 21, as shown in somewhat more detail in Fig. 22 use the upward-air-flow-fluidized bed 115F of abrasive particles 115 to effectively apply the particles to the epoxy resin adhesive coating 90 while minimizing lateral "wiping-off" friction as each bristle tip 60 is moved through said bed. In the slightly modified mode of operation of the curing chamber shown at 135R in Fig. 23, each bristle tip adhesive-abrasive coating 90+115 carried at the tip end of each of the broken-away and separated representative few bristles 55 is subjected to appropriate curing heat (radiant heat, as shown) for an appropriate curing time emanating from suitable electric heating element means 280 while positioned within the curing chamber 135R to properly cure the composite coat 90+115, which can be said at this stage to comprise a pre-globule 90+115 which, after curing and appropriate repetition, will become a final enlarged abrasive globule such as any of those indicated at 65 in the drawings. In one non-limiting example of the arrangement just described, a slightly-elevated-above-ambient temperature may be applied to each such pre-globule 90+115 for a short curing time duration of approximately an hour, or less. However, more (or less) of each may be needed depending upon a number of variables including: (1) the varying composition of the material comprising the pre-globule 90+115; (2) the size of the pre-globule 90+115; (3) the number of laminations of the pre-globule 90+115; (4) the layer thickness of each layer of the pre-globule 90+115; (5) the ratio of curable material (such as epoxy resin and/or the scarifying material and/or the bridging material) to the non-curable material (such as abrasive particles, silicon carbide, or the like) and the pertinent other variable and/or parameters. In certain cases, the "cure" may be at ambient temperature and the previously mentioned "required physical conditions for the hardening and curing of the composite abrasive-matrix material (each such pre-globule 90+115)" may comprise time alone . In the operation of the further slightly modified curing chamber shown at 135UV in Fig. 24 the curing step is very similar to the curing step described with reference to Fig. 23 except only for a change in the type of radiation used to effectively cure each pre-globule 90+115 carried on each bristle 55, from radiant heat to ultraviolet radiation which of course, requires that the curable material of each globule 90+115 shown in Fig. 24 be of a different composition from that of the pre-globule 90+115 shown in Fig. 23, a composition characterised by being curably responsive to ultra violet radiation. Figs. 25 and 26 illustrate one slight variation of the relative movement performed in the applicatory step and/or immobilizing step described with reference to Figs. 5, 9, 10 and 12. In the example shown in Figs. 25 and 26 the slightly varied relative movement is indicated by the curved directional arrows 294 in Fig. 26, where said relative movement of the bristle tip 60 with respect to an applicatory brush 295 is substantially around an imaginary longitudinal axis coincident with a longitudinal centerline 296 of the bristle 55 and the bristle tip 60. This kind of relative applicatory movement 294 can be produced entirely by rotation of the applicatory brush 295 around the bristle tip 60 and its longitudinal centerline 296 or by some of both types of rotary movement. The applicatory brush 295 is placed in communication with just the bristle tip portion 60 of the bristle for applying the liquid epoxy resin coating material (such as that previously shown at 90, for example) to just the bristle tip and for doing so in a controlled, limited fashion so as to effectively comprise the effective equivalent of the previously referred to, so-called "immobilizing step" for effectively limiting the amount of epoxy resin left on the bristle tip 60 after completion of an applicatory operation to an amount to little to move along the length of the bristle 55 and away from the original bristle tip application area thereof at 60. This may be effectively accomplished virtually entirely by the relative rotary "wiping action" of the brush 295, entirely by effectively limiting the amount of the liquid epoxy resin supplied to the brush 295, itself, or by any effective combination thereof. The above-mentioned liquid epoxy resin (or equivalent) may be supplied to the applicatory brush 295 from any suitable source thereof, such as that shown at 290, from which the liquid epoxy can be fed to the brush 295 in any appropriate manner, such as by capillary action, surface-tension-effect-caused "wicking" action or pressurized, force-feeding action. The method described with reference to Figs. 25 and 26 is equally appropriate to the application of the scarifying material 265 and/or the bridging material 270. Figs. 27 and 28 are very similar to Figs. 25 and 26 respectively, the main differences arising from the fact that the bristle 55 of Figs. 27 and 28 is of the type having an initially enlarged tip end comprising an effective bead 60E on the end of the bristle shaft 55. Also, the applicatory brush 295 of Figs. 25 and 26 has been very slightly modified for better cooperation with the enlarged tip end bead 60E. Otherwise, the arrangement shown in Figs. 27 and 28 functions identically to the operation described with reference to Figs. 25 and 26. Similar brush and source parts are primed, however. Figs. 29 and 30 are very similar to Figs. 25 and 26, with the main difference being the substitution, in Figs. 29 and 30, of the applicatory, controlled-limited-flow spray nozzle 300 for the applicatory brush 295 of Figs. 25 and 26 and the substitution, in Figs. 29 and 30, of an appropriate spray nozzle reservoir 305 for the epoxy resin source 290 of Figs. 25 and 26. Otherwise, the controlled, limited flow, spray nozzle application of the liquid adhesive matrix coating material 90 to the bristle tip 60 only is functionally very similar to that previously described in detail with respect to Figs. 25 and 26. Of course, the method described with reference to Figs. 29 and 30 is equally appropriate to the application of the scarifying material 265 and/or bridging material 270, and/or even to the application of the particulate abrasive material 115, in certain instances where this is thought to be desirable. Figs. 31 and 32 are very similar to Figs. 29 and 30, the main differences arising from the fact that the bristle 55 of Figs. 31 and 32 is of the type having an initially enlarged tip end comprising an effective bead 60E on the end of the bristle shaft 55. Also the applicatory spray nozzle 300 of Figs. 29 and 30 has been very slightly modified for better cooperation with the enlarged tip end bead 60E. Otherwise, the arrangement shown in Figs. 31 and 32 functions virtually identically to that shown in Figs. 29 and 30. Similar nozzle and source parts are primed, however. Fig. 33 is similar to Figs. 5, 9, 10 and 12 with the only significant difference therefrom being the applicatory relative movement itself designated by the reference numeral 100'. As shown in Fig. 33, said relative movement 100' is of a generally figure-eight configuration. Fig. 34 merely illustrates one of many possible modifications of the previously described "scarification" step shown at the "scarification" station 110S in Fig. 21 and Fig. 9. In the modification illustrated in Fig. 34, the scarifying step is of a mechanical type wherein a pressurized source of "beads" indicated generally at 325 feeds a nozzle 315 through an intervening supply duct 320 so as to cause a pressurized blast of the abrasive beads 330 to be directed laterally against the tips 60 of the bristles 55 of the hone preform 50P while the latter is rotated around the twisted wire base 75 so that all of the bristle tips 60 get equally bead-blasted for the desired scarification thereof. An alternative aspirated source 310 of the beads 330 may be used if desired. Fig. 35 illustrates another variation in the applicatory step used in applying any of the different types of liquid material to each bristle tip in the previously-described, controlled, limited manner whereby to be effectively immobilized on each bristle tip in a virtually non-running manner. It is shown in Fig. 35 as a replacement for the apparatus shown in Fig. 21 in the bridging station 110B but could just as well be used in lieu of the apparatus in the scarifying station 110S or in the adhesive station 110A'. As shown in Fig. 35, an upper table 340 carrying the liquid applicatory material 335 thereon is mounted on coil springs 345, the bottom ends of which are mounted on the portion of a lower mounting platform 350. A drive motor 355 rotates a lower drive pulley sheave 360, which drives the V-belt 365, to effect driven rotation of a second upper pulley sheave 370, which operates a well-known type of multi-bar linkage, commonly known in the art as a four-bar-linkage 375, which is operatively coupled to the upper table 340 in a manner which will cause the upper table to be effectively moved in a multi-directional manner (such as is generally indicated at 380) relative to each already-moving bristle tip in a curved, reversing manner somewhat different from the applicatory movements shown at 100 in Fig. 20A and 101 in Fig. 20B, for example. Numerous modifications and variations of both the method and the equipment employed in implementing the present invention are within the broad scope of the present invention and are intended to be included and comprehended herein along with manual performance of any or all of the various steps of the method of the present invention. For one example only, it should be noted that while each of the vertical movement actuators, such as 210A and 210a of Fig. 20 and 210b, 210c and 210A', 210a' and 210d of Fig. 21 are effectively pre-programmed in one form of the invention in a manner correlated with the advancing movement of the conveyor 145 of Fig. 20 and the conveyor 145' of Fig. 21 and consequently correlated with the positions of the hone preforms 50P so that the appropriate table (or tables) will be vertically moved up into operative position when the preforms 50P are directly over the beginning portions of the corresponding tables and will, conversely, lower said table (or tables) below operative position when the corresponding hone preform (or preforms) reaches (reach) the ending portion (or portions) of the corresponding table (or tables). Such preprogramming may be incorporated in a (not shown) main control and correlation centre controlling and correlating all of the actuators in the desired manner for proper appropriately timed operation of the complete machine of Fig. 20 and/or Fig. 21. On the other hand, the entire machine of Fig. 20 and/or Fig. 21 can be made effectively self-controlled and/or self-correlated by providing electrically-operated control valves (forward and reversing, etc.) for each of the hydraulic (or pneumatic) vertical-movement-causing actuators and by placing (1) relatively movable switches and (2) switch-operating cams (or other operators) at multiple appropriate locations along the path of travel of the conveyor 145 (or 145') and/or along the path of travel of the conveyor 145 (or 145') and/or along the path of travel of the hone preforms 50P for abutment (and operation) at (or adjacent to) the beginning and end portions of corresponding ones of said vertically adjustable tables so that the proper ones of said electrically operated control valves will be operated in a table-raising manner with respect to the corresponding hydraulic (or pneumatic) actuator when a hone preform, while being advanced by the conveyor, arrives at the beginning of a corresponding one of said tables and so that the opposite (or reverse) switch abutment (and operation) will occur when said hone preform 50P is advanced to and reaches the portion of the corresponding one of said tables, thus automatically causing the raising and lowering of the various tables at the proper times relative to the forward movement of the hone preforms. The control switches can be movably carried by the conveyor 145 (or 145') or by the hone preforms (or mountings thereof), while the switch-operating cams (or other operators) can be mounted adjacent to said beginning and end portions of each of said tables positioned, at least partially, in the path of travel of the corresponding one of said conveyor-moved switches for appropriate switch operation at the proper time when a hone preform reaches said starting portion of a corresponding table and also when it reaches said end portion of said table. Positions of switches and operators can be relatively reversed, if desired. The extent of the vertical movement of any of said vertically movable tables may be similarly effectively self-controlled and self-correlated by placing vertically spaced-apart electrical limit switches effectively at (or adjacent to) upper and lower table-operative and table-inoperative height locations and by placing a switch operator on (or correlated with) the vertically-adjustable table and arranged to limit upward and downward travel of a corresponding one of said vertically-movable tables to movement between a predetermined upper operative position and a lower inoperative position. Positions of switches and operators can be relatively reversed if desired. Alternatively, said table-height-adjusting actuators, such as those shown at 210A and 210a in Fig. 20 or those shown at 210b, 210c, 210A', 210a' and 210d in Fig. 21 may be modified to comprise electrically-powered actuators of any suitable type, such as controllably reversible, electric-motor-driven, lead screws or solenoid-type actuators, electromagnetically-operated actuators of various latching and/or non-latching types, any (or all) of which are easily controlled by multiple control switches and switch operators to provide for proper and correlated control of vertical-movement-timing and vertical-movement-magnitude, as referred to in the preceding two paragraphs relative to providing such "timing" control and such "height-adjustment" control (both up and down) when said table-height-adjusting actuators are of the originally-described fluid-pressure-operated type. All of such "timing" control and "height-adjustment" control modes of operation (method steps) and/or representative apparatus for implanting same, are intended to be effectively included within the broad scope of the method of the present invention. Various other effectively equivalent control and correlation methods (and apparatus for implementing said methods) can be employed in lieu of the foregoing disclosures and all such are intended to be included within the broad scope of the method of the present invention. Incidentally, in connection with the consideration of various possible modifications and/or variations of the basic method of the present invention that are entirely within its scope, it should be noted that, in some instances, it may be thought desirable to divorce, isolate and/or separate the hereinbefore-mentioned so-called, "relative curved wiping movement" or "rotative wiping movement" or "rotary wiping movement", etc. (such as shown at 100 in Fig. 20A or shown at 101 in Fig. 20B) from the forwardly directed rolling movement of each preform 50P provided in one exemplary form in Fig. 20 by the friction roller (or wheel) 160 rolling along an underlying surface (which is shown in Fig. 20 as being the surface 95A). If desired, an underlying surface (for engaging and rotating the roller or wheel 160) which is completely separate from and detached from, the rest of the surface 95A may be provided and if desired, it may be independently position-adjustable or it may be position-adjustable in a manner correlated with the elevation-adjustment operation of the independent rest of the table surface 95A. This modification also, may apply to the other stations where each roller or (wheel) 160 is adapted to forwardly rotate a preform 50P and to the Figs. 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 20E and 20F and to Figs. 21, 21A and 21B, etc. This type of modification may be achieved in many different ways and all such are intended to be included and comprehended within the broad scope of the claims. Numerous modifications and variations of the method of the present invention are within the scope of the claims. Insofar as the specifically described and referred-to method steps of the present invention are concerned, it should be noted that they are illustrative only and are not intended to be construed as limiting. This also applies to the particular apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which is exemplary only of many variations thereof which may be alternatively employed in practising (implementing) the present invention.

Claims: A method for quickly and efficiently mass-producing a flexible abrasive hone (50) initially including a plurality of flexible bristles (55) and, after the performance of the following method steps, including a plurality of enlarged-abrasive-globule-carrying modified such flexible bristles, comprising the steps of first assembling a plurality of such flexible bristles (55) and effectively firmly mounting bristle mounting portions with respect to a bristle-holding base (75), and doing so in a relatively desired laterally-spaced manner with respect to the base (75), and with bristle applicatory portions (60) being longitudinally spaced away from the base; performing a first coating applicatory step taking the form of applying an at least semi-liquid, but controllably hardenable, effectively adhesive, matrix material (85A) to each applicatory portion (60) of each desired bristle (55) in a first exterior coat and lamina of said matrix material (85A) of a desired thickness, as determined in part by the natural retention characteristics of each now first coated bristle applicatory portion (60), fixing and immobilizing each said first exterior coat and lamina of applied matrix material relative to each said corresponding bristle applicatory portion (60) to which said at least semi-liquid matrix material (85A) has been applied, whereby to substantially inhibit positional displacement of liquid, or partially liquid, excess portions of said matrix material (85A) from occurring on, and along, each said bristle applicatory portion (60), bringing a quantity of usually initially dry additive abrasive particles (115) of finely-divided particulate abrasive material into mating and bonding contact thereof with each said exterior coat and lamina of said matrix material (85A) while it is still in at least partially semi-liquid form thereby causing the effective picking-up of said abrasive particles (115) by each said matrix material (85A) and the effective intermixing thereof into an effective two-phase, composite abrasive-matrix material; and subjecting each said bristle applicatory portion (60), carrying said coat and lamina, to the particular required physical conditions needed for hardening and curing said composite abrasive matrix material, comprising said exterior coat and lamina on each of said desired bristle applicatory portions (60), to a desired extent characterised in that said steps are performed as a high-speed, mass-production, composite, multi-bristle-modifying operation, performed compositely with respect to a desired substantial number of the flexible bristle applicatory portions (60), and in that said first coating applicatory step and said fixing and immobilising step are accomplished in one step by relative rotary movement (100) between said bristle applicatory portions (60) and said matrix material (85A), said relative rotary movement comprising horizontally reciprocating said matrix material about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of a bristle (55) in contact with said matrix material said one step. A method according to Claim 1 in which each said first exterior coat and lamina is then rotatingly, wipingly, and under pressure, thinned so as to become substantially effectively immobilized against subsequent physical-positional, liquid-running displacement thereof relative to each bristle applicatory portion (60) to which said semi-liquid matrix material has been applied. A method as defined in Claim 1 or 2 including the performing of an operation-duplication step taking the form of repeating the application of said abrasive-particles (115) at desired, time-spaced-intervals to maximize the quantity of said abrasive particles (115) effectively picked-up by, and effectively intermixed with, said at least partially semi-liquid matrix material (85A) coating each desired applicatory portion (60). A method as defined in any preceding Claim in which said steps are repeated a desired number of times corresponding to a desired number of layer-on-layer laminations, produced thereby and, together, comprising a corresponding plurality of desired enlarged forms of abrasive globules (65), each virtually non-removably mounted upon a different applicatory portion (60) of a different one of said desired flexible bristles (55). A method as defined in any preceding Claim wherein said first coating step and said effective immobilizing step take the form of placing each bristle applicatory portion (60) in forcibly-biased, bristle-bending, and bristle-applicatory-portion-deflecting engagement with a usually substantially flat, matrix-coated, wiping surface, bearing a thin-layer film of said at least partially semi-liquid matrix material (85A) thereon and causing relative rotation and rotative movement (100) to occur between each said forcibly deflected bristle applicatory portion (60) and said matrix-coated wiping surface until each matrix-coated bristle applicatory portion has been effectively wiped therearound to an extent such as to remove any excess liquid, or partially liquid, or semi-liquid matrix material from said coated bristle applicatory portion, and thus inhibit flow along the bristle. A method, as defined in any preceding Claim wherein prior to applying said first coating a junction-enhancing bridging step is performed taking the form of applying interjunctionary adhesive bonding material (270) of an initially non-solid and uncured plastic type to the exterior surface of each desired bristle applicatory portion (60) of said plurality thereof, with said interjunctionary adhesive bonding material also being of a type characterised by having a first strong attraction affinity for the material (270) forming each said desired bristle applicatory portion (60), and, additionally, having a second strong attraction affinity for said matrix material (85A) of each said first exterior coat and lamina, which is to be subsequently applied thereto immediately thereafter as said first coating. A method as defined in any preceding Claim including, prior to applying said first coating, effectively roughening and scarifying the otherwise smooth exterior surface of each bristle applicatory portion (60) of said plurality thereof, thus effectively increasing the useful surface area thereof available for adhesive purposes. A method as defined in any preceding Claim, including, prior to applying said first coating, effectively enlarging each desired bristle applicatory portion (60) of said plurality thereof into an enlarged, ball-like, pre-mounting bristle applicatory portion by applying deforming and enlarging heat and pressure to each desired bristle applicatory portion of said plurality thereof the bristle applicatory portions being made of meltable thermo plastic material. A method according to any preceding Claim in which each bristle applicatory portion (60) is a tip end portion of the bristle (55). A method for quickly and efficiently mass-producing a flexible abrasive hone (50) initially including a plurality of flexible nylon plastic bristles (55) and, after the performance of the following method steps, including a plurality of enlarged-abrasive-globule-carrying modified such flexible nylon plastic bristles, comprising the steps of: first assembling a plurality of such flexible nylon plastic bristles (55) and effectively firmly mounting bristle mounting portions with respect to a bristle-holding base (75), and doing so in a desired relatively evenly-laterally-spaced manner with respect to the base (75), and with bristle tip end portions (60) being longitudinally spaced, along the bristle lengths, from the base; applying an at least semi-liquid, but controllably hardenable, effectively adhesive, matrix material (85A) to each tip end portion (60) of each desired bristle (55) in a first exterior coat and lamina of a desired thickness, as determined in part by the natural retention characteristics of each now first-coated bristle tip end portion (60), performing an effective immobilizing step, wherein each said first exterior coat and lamina is then rotatingly, wipingly, and under pressure, thinned so as to become substantially effectively immobilized against subsequent physical-positional, liquid-running displacement thereof relative to each bristle tip end applicatory portion (60) to which said semi-liquid matrix material (85A) has been applied and which, thus, carries said first exterior coat and lamina thereon, bringing a quantity of usually initially dry additive abrasive particles (115) of finely-divided particulate abrasive material into mating and bonding contact thereof with each said exterior coat and lamina of said matrix material (85A) while it is still in at least partially semi-liquid form thereby causing the effective picking-up of said abrasive particles (115) by each said matrix material and the effective intermixing thereof into an effective two-phase, composite abrasive-matrix material; and subjecting each said bristle tip end portion (60), carrying said coat and lamina, to the particular required physical conditions needed for hardening and curing said composite abrasive-matrix material, comprising said exterior coat and lamina on each of said desired bristle tip end portions (60), to a desired extent characterised by performing said method as a high-speed, mass-production, composite, multi-bristle-modifying operation, performed compositely with respect to a desired substantial number of the flexible bristle tip end portions (60), and in that said first coating step and said effective immobilising step are accomplished in one by relative rotary movement between said bristle tip end and said matrix material; said relative rotary movement comprising horizontally reciprocating said matrix material about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of a bristle (55) in contact with said matrix material during said one step. Apparatus for quickly and efficiently mass-producing a flexible abrasive hone in the method of claim 1 or 10 the apparatus including support means for the assembly of the bristles and base, a carrier (95A) for the matrix material (85A) which receives the applicatory portions (60) of the bristles (55), a holder (380) for the particular abrasive material (115) which receives the bristle applicatory portions (60) carrying the coat of matrix material (85A) whereby the coat will effectively pick up some of the abrasive particles (115), and a curing section (130) in which the bristle applicatory portions (60) carrying the coat of matrix material (85A) and abrasive particles (115) is hardened and cured to a desired extent characterised in that means (165,170) is provided for effecting relative rotary movement between the carrier and the applicatory portions (60) of the bristles (55) to provide a wiping engagement between the applicatory portions (60) of the bristles (55) and the matrix material (85A) which substantially fixes the matrix material (85A) against displacement along the bristles (55), said means effecting horizontal reciprocation of said matrix material about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of a bristle (55) in contact with said matrix material. Apparatus according to Claim 11 in which the carrier (95A) for the matrix material (85A) is table-like and is movable relative to the bristle applicatory portions (60). Apparatus according to Claim 12 in which means (205A) is provided for forcibly biasing the bristle applicatory portions (60) against the matrix material carrying table (95A) so as to cause the bristles (55) to bend so that applicatory portions (60) thereof lie generally along the table (95A) for coating with the matrix material (85A). Apparatus according to Claim 11, 12 or 13 in which means (160) is provided for rotating the assembly of bristles (55) and base (75) as the bristle applicatory portions (60) pass through the abrasive particles to effect substantially a dipping movement of the applicatory portions (60) into and out of the abrasive particles (115).

Inventors: FOWLIE ROBERT G, RANDS TARA L, FOWLIE, ROBERT G., RANDS, TARA L.
Applicants: FOWLIE ROBERT G, RANDS TARA L, FOWLIE, ROBERT G., RANDS, TARA L.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B24D13
IPC codes: C08J5, B24D3, B24D13, B24B29