Photographic processing apparatus using a spiral processing path

Abstract: Helical processing paths are known for use in photographic processing apparatus. However, in known arrangements, the material to be processed is transported in a generally longitudinal direction along the helical path. Described herein is an improved path arrangement in which a spiral processing path (10) is utilized. The spiral processing path (10) is connected between an inlet (A) and an outlet (B), and forms a compact unit in which the material to be processed is transported with its edges in substantially in the same plane.

Description: The present invention relates to photographic processing apparatus and is more particularly concerned with processing apparatus having at least one spiral processing path. Photographic processing apparatus are well known in which the material being processed is transported along a helical path. Examples of such apparatus are described in Research Disclosure, November 1980, No. 19948 , US-A-3 968 510, US-A-3 827 617, US-A-3 823 859, US-A-3 780 637, US-A-4 025 937, US-A-4 311 380 and EP-A-0 274 625. The arrangement described in US-A-3 827 617 comprises a helical web or film path processing device in which counteracting spools generate a force on the film which counteracts the normal tracking force generated as the film approaches a spool in a direction which is not perpendicular to the spool axis. The tracking force causes the film to climb the spool flanges, twist and fold over causing damage to the film. The arrangements disclosed in Research Disclosure, November 1980 , No. 19948 and US-A-4 025 937 relate to porous conduit processors in which a transport strip or web is helically wound around the conduit. The material to be processed is inserted between the conduit and the transport strip or web, and is transported along the conduit with the strip or web. US-A-3 968 510 discloses another conduit arrangement in which a web to be processed is transported in a helical path. In this arrangement, the web is transported either by rollers or belts so that it is deflected by a helical rail or band wrapped around the conduit or by axially spaced radially extending protuberances which deflect the web along a helical path. In US-A-3 780 637, processing apparatus is disclosed in which a screw member having a helically disposed rib is utilized for retaining a flexible strip of photographic material for processing. The screw member is supported by a frame and is rotated about its axis when immersed in processing solution in a tank associated with the frame. US-A-3 823 859 discloses a processing rack which comprises a series of spools over which a web to be processed is threaded in a helical path. The spools are arranged in a tray having a plurality of semi-cylindrical cavities arranged in parallel side-by-side relation. Apparatus for processing dental X-ray film is described in US-A-4 311 380. The apparatus comprises a horizontally disposed processing chamber in which fluid retaining tanks are formed by lower portions of spiralling revolutions. The sidewalls of the chamber have grooves along which the film to be processed is driven through the chamber. A processing device is described in EP-A-0 274 625 in which a plurality of long arcuated guide forming elements are arranged in a processing liquid bath in a longitudinal direction. The material to be processed is transported through the processing liquid both along a helical guide path formed by the arcuated guide forming elements. In all of the arrangements described above, the material being processed is transported in a longitudinal direction along a helical path. In each case, the apparatus is relatively bulky. Furthermore, in some cases, means are arranged along the helical path to transport the material being processed along that path. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide photographic processing apparatus having a spiral processing path which is compact and does not suffer from the disadvantages mentioned above. US-A-3 563 486 discloses a processing tank in which two separate but intertwined spiral paths are provided for web material to be processed, the web moving in opposite directions along each path. The web is driven towards the centre of the spiral, in a counterclockwise direction, by four pairs of roller sections, each separated from adjacent pairs by an arc of 90°. At the centre of the spiral, the web course is reversed through 180° so that it moves thereafter in a clockwise direction away from the centre of the spiral. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided photographic processing apparatus for processing photographic material, the apparatus comprising:- at least one processing tank, each processing tank having an inlet, an outlet and a processing path within the processing tank connecting the inlet to the outlet, the processing tank comprising a spiral means having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, the inlet portion and outlet portion each comprising a spiral and meeting at a junction at the centre of the spiral means, the inlet and outlet portions being interwoven to lie in substantially the same plane; and transport means for transporting the material along the processing path with its edges substantially in the same plane; characterized in that the transport means comprises roller pairs located respectively at the inlet and the outlet to the processing tank, and a roller pair located at the junction at the centre of the processing path between the inlet portion and the outlet portion thereof for reversing the direction of transport of the material, wherein the axes of the roller pairs are arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the spirals. By this arrangement, a long path length is obtained in compact form. For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 illustrates a schematic cross-section through a portion of one embodiment of a photographic processor having a spiral path constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectioned view taken along lines II-II in Figure 1; Figure 3 is similar to Figure 2 but illustrates another construction of a block defining the spiral path according to the present invention; Figure 4 illustrates a sectioned view taken through a portion of a second embodiment of a photographic processor constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 5 illustrates one drive arrangement which can be used with the present invention; Figure 6 illustrates a second drive arrangement which can be used with the present invention; and Figure 7 illustrates an enlarged schematic view of a third drive arrangement which can be used with the present invention. The present invention will be described with reference to the processing of photographic film. However, it will be readily understood that the invention can also be applied to the processing of other materials. A portion of a processor is shown in Figure 1, and comprises a block 1 in which spiral groove 10 is formed. The block 1 is mounted in a water bath 20 contained in a processing tank (not shown) below a water level 22. The spiral groove 10 is connected between an inlet 'A' and an outlet 'B'. The inlet 'A' and outlet 'B' are defined by nip roller pairs 11, 12 and 12, 15 respectively. The spiral groove 10 comprises an inlet portion 10a extending from the inlet 'A' to its centre 18 and an outlet portion 10b extending from its centre 18 to the outlet 'B'. As shown in Figure 1, the inlet portion 10a and the outlet portion 10b of the spiral groove 10 are interleaved, and define a relatively long but compact processing path. Processing solution (not shown) is pumped into the spiral groove 10 to form a processing tank which has a processing path in the form of a spiral. Film (not shown) is processed as it traverses the spiral path between the inlet 'A' and the outlet 'B'. A pair of rollers 13, 14 are arranged at the centre 18 of the spiral groove 10 to receive material arriving at the centre 18 and to direct the material away from the centre 18 and towards the outlet 'B'. Rollers 13, 14 are used to turn the film around sharp corners as it approaches the centre 18 of the spiral groove 10. Rollers 13, 14 are also used to maintain the speed of the film as it passes through the processor and to drive the film out from the centre 18 of the spiral groove 10. Rollers 13, 14 are geared to the nip roller pairs 11, 12 and 12, 15 so that the film is driven at substantially the same speed. Film is introduced into the inlet 'A' and is driven along inlet portion 10a of the spiral groove 10 by nip roller pair 11, 12. At the centre 18 of the spiral groove 10, the drive for the film is taken up by rollers 13, 14 which, as mentioned above, drive the film out from the centre 18 of the spiral groove 10 along outlet portion 10b to the outlet 'B'. At the outlet 'B', the material may be directed to another stage in the processing apparatus or it may be re-directed into the inlet 'A' and into the spiral groove 10 for further processing. A guide 16 is movable to direct the material to the outlet 'B' or into the inlet 'A' (as indicated by the arrow shown in dotted lines). Block 1 may be formed as a two-part moulding as shown in Figure 2. Each part of the moulding 1a, 1b has a half of the spiral groove 10 formed therein so that when the two parts of the moulding 1a, 1b are joined together the entire spiral groove 10 is formed. Alternatively, the block 1 may be formed by a moulding portion 1a' including the spiral groove 10 and an end plate 1b' which closes off an end wall of the spiral groove 10 as shown in Figure 3. In each case, the draw angle for the moulding is chosen so that there is no contact between the image area of the film and the portions of the moulds defining the spiral groove 10. As an alternative to block 1, the spiral processing path may be defined by two spaced apart plate portions as shown in Figure 4. Here, the two plate portion 30, 32 are arranged facing each other at a distance suitable to accommodate the width of the film which is to be processed. Each plate 30, 32 has a channel 34, 36 formed therein which defines one end of the spiral processing path, and along which the film (not shown) is guided by its edges. The channels 34, 36 each have a depth between 1 and 5mm and are such that no contact is made with the image area of the film as it is transported along the spiral processing path defined by the plate portions 30, 32. As before, respective parts of the channels 34, 36 for an inlet portion 34a, 36a and an outlet portion 34b, 36b as shown in Figure 4. Film is transported along the spiral processing path by nip roller pair 11, 12, rollers 13, 14 at the centre 18 of the spiral path and by nip roller pair 12, 15 and is guided by its edges in the channels 34, 36. However, it may be necessary to have further drive points other than at the inlet 'A', centre 18 and outlet 'B' according to the length of the film material to be processed. One such arrangement is shown in Figure 5. As before, the spiral processing path is defined by two plate portions 40, 42 each having respective channels 44, 46 formed therein. In this case, the channels 44, 46 are formed such that the inlet portions 44a, 46a are slightly offset from the outlet portions 44b, 46b, that is, on plate portion 40 the inlet portions 44a are not as deep as the outlet portions 44a and on plate portion 42, the inlet portions 46a are deeper than the outlet portions 46b. Cylindrical drive rollers 48, 50 are provided to impart drive to the film as it traverses the spiral processing path. Drive roller 48 is arranged to engage the edge of the film on the outlet portion of the spiral processing path and drive roller 50 is arranged to engage the edge of the film on the inlet portion of the spiral processing path. A part (not shown) of each plate portion is modified to accept the drive rollers 48, 50 and to allow them to make contact with the edge of the film being processed. Portions of the moulding described with reference to Figures 1 to 3 can be modified to include the cylindrical drive rollers as described above. Figure 6 illustrates another drive arrangement which can be used to assist transportation of the film along the spiral processing path. In this arrangement, a pair of castellated rollers 54, 56 are employed. Each roller 54, 56 is arranged so that the high points 54a, 56a of each roller is aligned with the low points 54b, 56b of the other roller as shown in Figure 6. Film F is then driven by an edge F' by the high points 54a, 56a of each roller 54, 56. In order to prevent rubbing of the other edge of the film F not being driven, guide elements 55, 57 are provided in the low points 54b, 56b of each roller 54, 56 as shown. As an alternative to the cylindrical drive rollers 48, 50 and the castellated drive rollers 54, 56, a clutch arrangement 60, as shown in Figure 7, can be used for unjamming the film if it should become stuck as it is driven along the spiral processing path by nip roller pair 11, 12, central roller 13, 14 and nip roller pair 12, 15. The clutch arrangement 60 comprises a wedge-shaped aperture 62 formed in plate portion 64 adjacent channel 66, and a ball bearing 68 is located within the aperture 62. Operation of the clutch arrangement 60 is achieved by angularly moving the opposed plate portion (not shown) relative to plate portion 64. This causes the ball bearing 68 to move up and down the wedge-shaped aperture 62 pushing the film along with it. The relative angular movement imparted to the plate portions is between 4° and 5°. Furthermore, the ball bearing 68 of the clutch arrangement 60 need not necessarily be a ball, that is, spherical, but may form a cylindrical roller which operates in the same way. It is to be noted that the clutch arrangement of Figure 7 can also be incorporated into the moulding portion 1a' or either one of moulding parts 1a, 1b as described above. In this case, a suitable coupling arrangement is required to allow the necessary relative movement. More than one clutch arrangement may be required according to the length of the spiral processing path, and in particular the distance to and from the centre. Naturally, the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5 are capable of being inserted directly into a tank containing processing solution as there is no closed processing path. The spiral processing path obtained with the plate portions as described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 can be further defined by the inclusion of two spacers which are inserted into additional channels which are not occupied by the film. Each spacer is used for respective ones of the inlet and outlet portions of the spiral processing path. In this case, processing solution may need to be directly introduced into the spiral processing path. The processor shown in the Figures can be used to process either discrete lengths of film material. In this case, the film material can be recycled around the spiral processing path any number of times. This number may be determined by elapsed time or by external detecting means, for example, a densitometer, which measures the amount of processing carried out on the material. Alternatively, the processor can be operated as a continuous processor and process any length of film material - even lengths which exceed the path length of the spiral processing path. Film may be processed in a particular photographic processing apparatus which comprises one or more such spiral processing paths, the film passing through each spiral in turn, each one representing a different stage in the process. The arrangement described above produces a compact, low volume processing rack with a long path length being wound into a spiral. Furthermore, the spiral may form the processing tank itself and the solution in which it is mounted may be merely a water bath to retain the solution retained in the spiral at the correct temperature. Naturally, the present invention is not limited to use with photographic processing apparatus and its use can be extended to other types of web handling and treatment.

Claims: Photographic processing apparatus for processing photographic material, the apparatus comprising:- at least one processing tank, each processing tank having an inlet (A), an outlet (B) and a processing path (10, 10a, 10b) within the processing tank connecting the inlet (A) to the outlet (B), the processing tank comprising a spiral means (10) having an inlet portion (10a) and an outlet portion (10b), the inlet portion (10a) and outlet portion 10b) each comprising a spiral and meeting at a junction (18) at the centre of the spiral means (10), the inlet and outlet portions (10a, 10b) being interwoven to lie in substantially the same plane; and transport means (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) for transporting the material along the processing path (10, 10a, 10b) with its edges substantially in the same plane; characterized in that the transport means (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) comprises roller pairs (11, 12; 12, 15) located respectively at the inlet (A) and the outlet (B) to the processing tank, and a roller pair (13, 14) located at the junction (18) at the centre of the processing path (10) between the inlet portion (10a) and the outlet portion (10b) thereof for reversing the direction of transport of the material, wherein the axes of the roller pairs (11, 12; 12, 15; 13, 14) are arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the spirals. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inlet (A) to the processing path (10) is defined by one roller pair (11, 12) of the transport means (11, 12, 13, 14, 15). Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the outlet (B) to the processing path (10) is defined by one roller pair (12, 15) of the transport means (11, 12, 13, 14, 15). Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the inlet (A) and outlet (B) to the processing path (10) utilize three rollers (11, 12, 15), one roller (12) being common to both the roller pair (11, 12) located at the inlet (A) and roller pair (12, 15) located at the outlet (B). Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing path (10) is defined by a moulding (1). Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the processing path (10) is defined by a pair of spaced apart plate portions (30, 32; 40, 42).

Inventors: GLOVER EDWARD CHARLES TIMOTHY, GLOVER, EDWARD CHARLES TIMOTHY SAMUEL
Applicants: EASTMAN KODAK CO, KODAK LTD, EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, KODAK LIMITED
Application year: 1993
Main classification: G03D3
IPC codes: G03D3, G03D13