Surgical blade holder and blade combination

Abstract: A combination surgical blade holder allows simple insertion sequentially of a plurality of blades, each blade having an opening (232) for receiving a cleat and/or an abutment (220) in a blade receiving area on the holder. The holder includes a fixed portion (12) and a rotatable portion (14) that pivot relative to one another in the same longitudinal plane around a pivot point (29) positioned adjacent the blade receiving area and lock together to securely hold the blade in the blade receiving area. While the fixed portion of the holder is gripped in one hand, the thumb or finger of the same hand is used to unlock and rotate the rotatable portion to release and eject the blade singlehandedly, without touching the blade. The fixed portion of the holder includes a cleat and/or an abutment that mate with an opening in the blade. Alternatively, the blade includes a tab (231) that mates with a depression (219) in the blade receiving area to lock the blade in the holder.

Description: The present invention relates to a blade handle or holder which allows for the sequential insertion of a plurality of blades for a single use of each blade with subsequent ejection of the blade from the handle for insertion of an additional blade. More particularly, the invention relates to holders for surgical blades of a precise configuration, and to the blades so configured. As practitioners-in-the-art of surgical blades are aware, AIDS, hepatitis and related contagious diseases present in the blood of patients have made the practice of surgery and medicine, in general, more dangerous than was the case several years ago, simply because one must be extremely careful to avoid contamination of his or her own blood with the blood of an infected patient. For this reason, many devices have been developed for handling instruments to avoid contaminated sharp edges or points which have been contaminated with the blood of infected persons. This is particularly true in the surgical environment where surgical blades are used in great quantity and must be disposed of without being touched, if possible, and certainly without the user being cut or having his or her skin punctured in any way. Thus, it is important to be able to insert and remove a blade from a holder for the blade, without the user having to actually touch the blade, if possible. If it is necessary to touch the blade, then it is appropriate to touch only the tang portion of the blade and avoid any contact with the sharp edge. It is to this environment that the present invention is directed. Many arrangements have been developed to obviate the problems discussed above, and to provide blade holders which will hold the blade precisely in the position desired, provide ease of insertion so that a user is not cut prior to any use of the blade and/or holder, and insure that the blade is firmly held against any wobbling or movement in the handle, which would reduce the effectiveness of any surgery being performed with such a blade. Arrangements have been provided in the past wherein elongated blade holders have been provided with two parts of the holder pivoting relative to each other for insertion of the blade into the holder and for holding the blade in place. These arrangements have a pivot axis at one end of the two parts forming the holder. With such an arrangement, the user cannot perform removal of the blade single-handedly since it is necessary to use both hands for handling the two pivoting parts. Representative of such arrangements are U.S. Patents 2,245,096 and 3,906,625. Both of these patents have the pivot axis positioned at the end opposite the end where the blade is inserted. Other devices of the kind discussed herein include those in which the pivot axis is positioned centrally of the ends of the blade holder. Again, with such arrangements the user must use both hands to manipulate the two parts around the central pivot axis in order to insert and remove the blade. Representative of such prior art patents are U.S. Patents 2,478,668 and 2,637,105. In order to facilitate a single-handed operation for surgical blade holders and the cooperating blade of the kind discussed herein, the pivot axis is positioned adjacent to the blade during use. This enables the user to have a substantially long non-pivoting handle portion to grip for opening and closing the device for insertion and ejection of the blade. Representative of such arrangements are U.S. Patents 2,039,443 and 1,914,153. Both of these patents use a separate rotating ejector arrangement which pivots adjacent to the blade to cause the blade to become "unwedged" from its use position for removal of the blade. However, the ejector cams the blade only partially out of its holder arrangement. The user must, after this camming action, grip the blade for final removal from the handle thus risking a cut from the contaminated blade. In US 5,060,387, which is shown in Figs. 1-6, a blade handle is described comprising a fixed and a rotatable handle portion. The fixed handle portion is provided with two abutments to hold the blade in a fixed position. The handle portions are held together by a pivot pin. When the blade is loaded with a lateral power in the locked position of the handle portions, the blade receiving portions are bowed apart so that the blade between the receiving portions can be loosened. In US 5,146,685, which represents the prior art as referred to in the precharacterizing part of claim 1, the blade handle locking mechanism is formed by an extension which is received in a slot. The free end of the extension is provided with an abutment which cooperates with a depression in the slot so that the abutment can snap into the depression and thereby lock the two parts against rotary movement. If a play between the two portions of the handle occurs, the locking extension will not merge easily into the slot for locking, but will collide with the slot opening edges so that the handle portions cannot be locked without resistance. It is an object of the invention to improve the locking mechanism of a blade handle. This object is achieved, according to the invention, by the features of claim 1. The blade receiving area is provided with a cleat and an abutment that are not connected to each other by a boss so that only the cleat and abutment are received in an opening in a blade and a locking mechanism having a channel on the fixed handle portion that receives a slanted protrusion on the rotatable handle portion when the device is in a closed position. In addition, other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal side elevational view of a known device in its open position exposing the boss structure for receiving a surgical blade; Fig. 2 is the structure of Fig. 1 shown in its closed position; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal end view of the movable handle portion of the holder ; Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of the movable handle portion of the holder of Fig. 3 showing the opposite side thereof from the illustrations in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal end view of the fixed portion of the handle; Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of the fixed portion of the handle of Fig. 5 with the rotating portion removed to show the structure of the fixed portion underneath the rotating portion; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal side elevational view of a device illustrating the combination blade holder and blade with cooperating interfitting surfaces; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal edge view of the device of Fig. 7 showing the bottom edge as viewed in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a partial longitudinal view of the device of Fig. 7 shown in open position, and showing the cooperating surfaces for the blade with the blade removed; Fig. 10(a) is a partial longitudinal view of the long fixed handle portion of the blade holder showing the blade mating surface details; Fig. 10(b) is a side elevational view of blade holder portion of Fig. 10(a); Fig. 11 is an enlarged partial view of Fig. 10(b) showing details of the cleat on the holder of the invention for cooperating with the opening in the blade; Fig. 12 is an isometric view of the blade receiving boss on the long handle portion Fig. 13 is an isometric view of a blade receiving area on a fixed handle portion Fig. 14 is an isometric view of another blade receiving area on a fixed handle portion Fig. 15 is a side elevational view of a rotatable handle portion on a prefered holder of the invention showing a locking channel; and Fig. 16 is a side elevational view of a fixed handle portion on a prefered holder of the invention showing a locking protrusion that mates with the locking channel shown in Fig. 20, when the holder is in a closed position. Referring to the drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views thereof, Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of the surgical blade holder of the prior art generally designated 10 in its open position with a fixed handle portion 12 and a rotating handle portion 14. Two halves 12 and 14 rotate relative to each other around a pivot axis 29 with a pivot pin 24 for that purpose. In use, however, the smaller half 14 rotates while portion 12 is held, and therefore, fixed. Front end portions 16 and 18, respectively, of the blade holder halves 14 and 12, when open, expose a boss 20 having abutments 22 and 23 positioned at each end thereof. Boss 20 is configured to be the same as a conventional opening in the tang of a conventional surgical blade for holding the blade in a fixed position once the two portions of the holder 10 are in their closed position as shown in Fig. 2. L-shaped surface 21 (Fig. 6) defines the rear end of the indentation in portion 18 for receiving the blade body. That is, front end portion 16 of the blade holder movable half moves over the blade itself and boss 20 to wedge and position both between the two front halves 16 and 18 of blade holder 10. When this takes place, of course, abutments 22 and 23 provide a wedging action to hold the blade in a fixed non-moving position. In order to provide the appropriate rotating movement around axis 29, the movable and fixed portions 14 and 12 of the blade holder of the invention include cooperating opposed curved surfaces 54, 52, 17 and 19. This allows for rotation of the parts relative to each other without any diversion from the desired controlled rotary movement around pivot axis 29 and rotating pin 24. As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 4, movable rotating portion 14 of handle 10 includes a locking extension 26 which is received in a slot 28 in the fixed portion 12 of handle 10. When extension 26 moves into slot 28, there is positioned at the bottom of extension 26 an abutment 48, which cooperates with a depression 30, so that 48 snaps in place locking the two parts against relative rotary movement when not desired. Two halves 12 and 14 also include cooperating curved surfaces 42 and 40, respectively, again for maintaining a proper relative movement of the two parts around axis 29 and pivot pin 24. Flat surfaces of the movable and fixed parts 14 and 12 of the handle include a plurality of spaced vertical ridges 32 and 34 which serve to provide the user with a frictional gripping surface during use of the holder, when a blade is fixed in the holder. While cooperating curved surfaces 52 and 54 move relative to each other, in the complete open position of Fig. 1, top surface 75 of the movable part 14 moves against the top edge of surface 52 to serve as a stop against further opening movement. Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, these views show the movable portion 14 of the blade holder separated from the fixed portion thereof for clarity. As can be seen in Fig. 4, this view is the opposite side of portion 14 from that of Figs. 1 and 2, and 14 includes a plurality of spaced frictional ridges providing a frictional gripping surface 46. This surface serves to provide the user with a frictional surface for the thumb or finger for the opening movement necessary to open the device to allow the blade to drop from the open blade holder 10. Surface 56 on the front end portion of the blade half 14 preferably includes an opening 44 which cooperates with abutment 23 on the fixed portion of the device for maintaining the blade fixed between the cooperating surfaces of the fixed and rotating halves of holder 10. The front portion 16 from the pivot axis 29 as shown in Fig. 3 is bowed slightly along the surface 56 to provide a more firm cooperating wedging action between surface 56 and the cooperating surface on the other half 12 of the blade holder 10. Both the fixed and rotating halves of the blade holder include beveled edges 36 and 38, which provide a further ease of holding and/or gripping the holder during use. Finally, referring to Fig. 3, the movable half 14 of the holder includes a bore 31 for receiving the rotating pivot pin 24. Referring now to Figs. 5 and 6, the fixed half 12 of the holder 10 is shown separately from the movable half thereof. As can be seen in Figs. 5 and 6, bearing surfaces 52 and 53 are shown for cooperating with opposed surfaces on the movable half 14 of the blade 10. Surface 53 serves as a "stop" for movement to the closed position of the part 14 in cooperation with the movement of the abutment 48 into depression 30 to cause locking together of the two halves once the blade is in place between the two halves. Referring now to Fig. 5, the front end portion 18 is bowed slightly as discussed above relative to surface 56 on rotating or movable portion 14 so that surface 70 cooperates with the opposed surface 56 in a wedging action. This bow may not be visible to the human eye since the degree of bow is very small in order to provide appropriate movement of the two parts together, and movement to a non-locking position when required to eject the blade. Fixed blade holder half 12 also includes a bore 27 for receiving the pivot pin 24 as discussed above. The fixed blade holder half 12 includes vertical ridges 34 and 35, as viewed in Figs. 5 and 6, on opposite sides thereof in order to provide the user with a frictional surface for ease of holding the holder 10 during use. Thus, in order to use the device 10 the user grips the proximal end of the fixed portion 12 of the invention. For this purpose, as will be readily seen in Figs. 1 and 2, a large portion of the elongated device is removed from any movable part so as to provide a gripping surface for opening and closing the device. Thereafter, the user places a thumb or finger against the surface 46 to provide a force for opening the movable portion 14 to expose the boss 20 and opposed locking wedges 22 and 23 for receiving the opening of a tang of a blade selected for insertion into the holder 10. The force for opening overcomes the cooperating locking surfaces of parts 48 and 30 of the two halves of the holder. Once the holder has been opened, the user may place the blade appropriately with the opening of the blade over the boss 20. Then, the user simply moves the movable holder portion 14 so as to cause the abutment 48 to move in position in the depression 30 for locking the two parts together. With this movement, the blade is fixed in place with no "wobbling" in the holder. Then the user may use the holder with the blade in an appropriate desired way. Subsequent to use, the contaminated blade may be removed readily by the user. This is done simply by, again, holding the prioximal end of the fixed portion 12 of the device 10 of the invention and placing the thumb or finger against the frictional surface 46 for movement of the rotating portion 14 around pivot axis 29. This force overcomes the locking engagement of cooperating parts 30 and 48 and allows the two parts to open to a position as shown in Fig. 1. Thereafter, the user may, if the boss 20 is positioned upwardly, simply turn the holder so that the boss is positioned downwardly and the blade will fall out into a container provided for that purpose. For this reason, the user's hands are not contaminated by any blood on a blade which has been used in the holder. There is no required movement on the part of the user of any kind to touch or remove the blade from the holder. It simply falls from the holder when the holder is opened, as discussed above. Figs. 7 and 8 show a combination blade and holder are provided in which both the blade and the holder have specifically configured cooperating surfaces to hold the blade fixed in the holder in an appropriate fashion. The holder is so configured that only blades with an opening configured in accordance with this invention will hold the blade. The embodiment shown in Figs. 7 and 8 has a rotating and a fixed half 64 and 62, respectively, in the same manner as the embodiment shown and described in Figs 1-6. The two halves rotate around a pivot axis 70 in the same manner. Moreover, the smaller rotating half has a locking tab 61 in the same manner as the embodiment shown and described in Fig. 1. The difference lies in the specific blade opening boss configuration including a cleat 76 and abutment 78 spaced apart to cooperate with a specific opening configuration in the blade 66 of the invention. As shown in Fig. 8, the spaced apart abutment 78 and cleat 76 are positioned on the fixed longer portion 62 of the holder 60 of the embodiment of Figs. 7 and 8. Further as shown in Fig. 7, the fixed portion 62 of the holder 60 includes measurements 68 which are utilized by the surgeon during surgery for measuring the dimension of an incision made by blade 66. As shown in Fig. 8, further, this embodiment 60 of the invention also includes beveled edges 80 and 82 and the cooperating textured surfaces 72 and 74 to assist in holding the holder 60 of the invention in a precise manner during surgical procedures. Referring now to Fig. 9, the specific boss configuration of the fixed portion 62 of holder 60 is shown with the spaced apart cleat 76 and abutment 78. As can be seen in Fig. 9, a specific mating feature 100 on the fixed portion of the holder 60 and 102 on the movable portion 64 cooperate with each other to grip rib back 114 of the blade 66. Because of this, rib back 114 of blade 66 is securely captured in both halves of the handle and serves to increase the secure three dimensional stability of the blade in the holder of the invention. As can be seen in Fig. 9, further, distal end 90 of the movable portion 64 includes an opening 88 for receiving therein the abutment 78 on surface 84 in the closed position of holder 60. Referring now to Figs. 10(a) and 10(b), boss 91 includes the distal cleat 76 which has a forward extension 96. Cleat 76 extends on each side to points 92 and 94 for cooperating with the mating surfaces of blade 66, as will be described in more detail below. As can be seen in Fig. 11, in the enlarged view of cleat 76, the cleat has an overhang surface 98 which serves to lock the blade in place and for cooperating with the distal end of the opening of blade 66 which opening is specifically configured to cooperate only with the holder 60 described herein. Prior to describing the configuration of the blade, reference is made to Fig. 12 which shows an isometric or perspective view of distal end 77 of the fixed portion 62. As can be seen in Fig. 12, boss 91 is configured for receiving a specific blade opening and shows the spaced apart abutment 78, cleat 76, as well as the rear mating surface 86 for receiving a proximal end 110 of blade 66. Also, the view in Fig. 12 shows the surface 100 for cooperating with surface 102 for engaging ribbed portion 114 of blade 66. Thus, as will be appreciated from the above, there is provided surgical blade holders which are relatively simple and uncomplicated in construction and easily stamped from a selected material such as stainless steel in a mass production line. The user may insert a blade in a very simple manner and, again remove the blade without ever touching the blade if it should be in fact contaminated. It should be understood, of course, that the holder of the invention may be used for blades other than surgical blades, or with conventional surgical blades. The simplicity of the structure is such that many uses may be provided with the holder of the type described. However, it is also important to note that the holder of the invention, regardless of its simplicity, holds the blade in a complete fixed position with no movement in the holder. This allows the user to provide a precise cutting action as desired for the use of the blade being selected. While the holder configured to fit the blade here is also easily stamped from stainless steel, for example, and may be easily loaded and unloaded with the blade, it has surfaces specifically configured on each half thereof to mate with the specific blade configuration. Again, while the blade is simple to use and to manufacture, it has been developed with precisely arranged surfaces for three dimensional mating with the holder in accordance herewith. Because of this the blade is fixed from movement in any dimensional direction of its position in the cooperating holder. Fig. 13 shows an isometric or perspective view of a blade receiving area 218 on a fixed handle portion 200, blade receiving area 218 being configured to receive a blade opening. As shown in Fig. 13, blade receiving area 218 includes a cleat 201 that is positioned at a distal end 210 of fixed handle portion 200 and an abutment 202. Cleat 201 and abutment 202 are spaced apart from each other and do not have a raised boss portion therebetween, and are received by enlarged round-shaped opening 104 and proximal end 108, respectively, in blade opening 65. Only cleat 201 and abutment 202 extend through blade opening 65 when blade 66 is placed on blade receiving area 218. An overhang surface 204 in cleat 201 aides in securing blade 66 between fixed handle portion 200 and a rotatable handle portion (not shown), when the rotatable handle portion has been rotated about pivot axis 203 and is in a closed position with respect to fixed handle portion 200. In the closed position, overhang surface 204 mates with the distal end of the rotatable handle portion to lock the blade in place, as described above with respect to Figs. 9-11. In addition, a rear mating surface 205 is provided on fixed handle portion 200 for receiving and mating with proximal end 110 of blade 66. The embodiment shown in Fig. 13 may be manufactured by casting or molding the handle portions, while the embodiment shown in Fig. 14 may be manufactured from formed steel or by a stamping process. Fig. 14 shows a blade receiving rea 218 on fixed handle portion 200 having a cleat 207 spaced apart from a coin shaped abutment 206. Cleat 207 includes a leg 208 extending from distal end 210 and an arm 209 extending from the end of leg 208 in the proximal direction of fixed handle portion 200 to form an overhang structure. The overhang structure provides for securing blade 66 between fixed handle portion 200 and the rotatable handle portion, when the rotatable handle portion has been rotated about pivot axis 203 and is in a closed position. Fig. 14 also shows rear mating surface 205 for receiving proximal end 110 of blade 66. The operation of the blade holders shown in Figs. 13 and 14 is similar to the operation of the other blade holders described above. A locking mechanism for a surgical blade holder of the present invention is shown in Figs. 15 and 16. Fig. 15 shows a side elevational view of rotatable handle portion 14 of the surgical blade holder having a locking channel 406 that forms a part of the locking mechanism. Note that elements of handle portion 14 similar to elements in the handle portion shown in Fig. 4 are identified using the same reference numbers. Rotatable handle portion 14 in Fig. 15, however, does not include locking extension 26 shown in Fig. 4. The locking mechanism also includes locking protrusion 408 on fixed handle portion 12, as shown in Fig. 16. Locking protrusion 408 is positioned on fixed handle portion 12 so to mate with locking channel 406 on rotatable handle portion 14, when the device is in a closed position. Again, the elements of fixed handle portion 12 in Fig. 16 in common with elements in the fixed handle portion shown in Fig. 4 are identified using the same reference numerals. As with the blade holder shown in Figs. 1-6, when portions 12 and 14 are locked in the closed position using the locking mechanism, rotary movement is prevented and the blade is locked securely in the blade receiving area. In addition, it should be understood that the blade receiving area shown in Fig. 16 is merely exemplary and could be replaced with any of the blade receiving areas shown.

Claims: A blade holder comprising: an elongated fixed body portion (62,200) including a distal end (210) and a proximal end, said fixed body portion (62,200) having a blade receiving area (77,218) at the distal end for receiving a tang of a blade (66) and a handle gripping area at the proximal end, a pivot pin (70) on said fixed body portion (62,200) between the distal end and the proximal end adjacent said blade receiving area (77,218), said pin (70) having an axis perpendicular to said fixed body portion (62,200), an elongated rotatable body portion (64) having a distal end that is rotatably mounted to said pivot pin (70) such that the distal end and the proximal end both rotate around said pivot pin (70) from an open position for receiving the tang of the blade (66) in said blade receiving area to a closed position for locking the tang of the blade (66) in the blade receiving area (77,218) between the distal end of said fixed body portion (62,200) and the distal end of said rotatable body portion (64), said blade receiving area (77,218) having an abutment (78,202,206) at the proximal end, and said blade receiving area having a cleat (76,201,207) positioned at the distal end and the abutment (78,202,206) being spaced from said cleat (76, 201, 207) in the direction of the proximal end, characterized by a locking channel (406) on said rotatable body portion (14), and a locking protrusion (408) on said fixed body portion (12), wherein said protrusion (408) mates with said channel (406) when said rotatable body portion (14) is in the closed position to lock said rotatable body portion (14) to said fixed body portion (12) in the closed position and to lock the tang of the blade (66) in said blade receiving area (218). The blade holder of claim 1, wherein said rotatable body portion (64) includes an opposed surface (16) and said cleat (207) including a leg (208) extending from the distal end (210) of said fixed body portion (200) and an arm (209) extending from said leg (208) towards an abutment (206) forming an overhang for engaging the opposed surface of said rotatable body portion (64) to lock the blade (66) in said blade receiving area. The blade holder of claim 1 or 2, wherein said abutment (206) has the shape of a coin. The blade holder of one of claims 1-3, further comprising a frictional gripping surface (46) on a side of said rotatable body portion (14) for urging said rotatable body portion (14) to the open position.

Inventors: DOUCETTE THOMAS H, DOUCETTE, THOMAS H.
Applicants: BECTON DICKINSON CO, BECTON, DICKINSON AND COMPANY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61B17
IPC codes: A61B17