TOPICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING STEROIDS

Abstract: Novel supersaturated or saturated, single or multiphase systems are provided which are specifically adapted to present, a 16, 16 disubstituted androstene steroid compound, topically.

Description: Topi cal compositions containi ng steroids. This invention relates to a novel composition comprising a 16,16-disubstituted androstene steroid compound, specifically adapted for topical application. United Kingdom Patent, GB 1 538 227 (BEECHAM), discloses a group of 16,16-disubstituted androstene steroid compounds having pharmaceutical activity, which particular compounds are described as having utility in the treatment of androgen dependent skin disorders such as acne and seborrhoea. The possible use of these compounds in the treatment of androgenic alopecia and male pattern baldness in women is proposed, but not substantiated. GB 1 538 227 describes compounds of formula (I): (I) wherein Rj is a C*ι_5 alkyl group, a C ~ \.Q alkenyl group, a Cβ.g cycloalkyl group, or a phenylalkyl group in which the alkyl moiety contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the phenyl moiety is optionally substituted; R2 is a hydroxyl group, or a group OR4 wherein R4 is a C2-7 alkanoyl group, a CJL_4 alkyl group, or an optionally substituted benzyl group; and R3 is hydrogen or a Cι_5 alkyl group; or 2 and R3 together with the carbon atom to which they are joined represent a carbonyl group. Optional substituents for phenyl moieties include Cι_4 alkyl, halogen and nitro. Preferably i is a methyl, ethyl or n- or i§o-propyl group, and most preferably a methyl group. Preferably 2 is a hydroxyl group. Variable R2 suitably has the β-configuration. Preferably R3 is hydrogen or methyl, and most preferably hydrogen. Particularly favoured is the compound of formula (I) in which ^ is methyl; R2 is hydroxy and has the β-configuration; and R3 is hydrogen, which is the compound androst-4-ene-16,16-dimethyl-17β-ol-3-one. GB 1538 227 discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for topical or oral administration. GB 1538 227 describes a preferred composition for topical administration to the skin as comprising a compound of formula (I) which has been formulated as a cream or ointment using conventional formulations well known in the art, for example as described in standard text books of pharmaceutics and cosmetics, such as Harry's Cosmeticology and the British Pharmacopoeia- Compounds of formula (I) and in particular the compound androst-4-ene-16,16-dimethyl-17β-ol-3-one are claimed to have 5α-reductase inhibitory activity but no significant androgenic, anti-androgenic or anabolic activity. The lack of systemic side-effects is considered to render these compounds, and especially the compound androst-4-ene-16,16-dimethyl-17β-ol-3-one, particularly suitable for targeted delivery in a topically administered composition. International application No. PCT GB91 /01677 discloses formulations specifically adapted for topical administration, including a steroid compound described in GB 1 538 227, in particular the compound androst-4-ene-16,16-dimethyl-17β-ol-3-one. These formulations are surprisingly effective as an antagonist of the influences of hormones in relation to hair growth and skin disorders. The present invention provides further preferred formulations of this compound. Compositions according to the present invention are considered to have utility in arresting hair-loss, female hirsuitism, in promoting hair-growth, in the treatment of acne, and in reducing excessive secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands in particular as a cosmetic treatment for greasy skin and hair. According to the present invention there is provided a topically administrable composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined and a topically acceptable carrier which includes a volatile solvent and a non- volatile solvent wherein the composition is specifically adapted to present a compound of formula I to a site of action on the skin or scalp in a substantially saturated or supersaturated concentration such that penetration of the skin or scalp is promoted, characterised in that the non¬ volatile solvent is isopropyl isosterate or a non-volatile mixture containing isopropyl isosterate. A particularly preferred compound of formula (I) for use in compositions of the present invention is the compound androst-4-ene-16,16-dimethyl-17β-ol- 3-one. Suitably the volatile solvent is selected from a volatile alcohol such as ethanol or propan-2-ol, a volatile oil such as a volatile silicone fluid, and mixtures thereof. In addition to the volatile solvent, and the isopropyl isosterate the topically acceptable carrier may further comprise further a less-volatile or non-volatile co-solvent. It is not necessary for the compound of formula (I) to be readily soluble in the co-solvent but it will be appreciated that the ratio of volatile solvent to co-solvent will generally be selected to solubilise the compound of formula (I). Examples of less-volatile co-solvents include benzyl alcohol dimethicone silicone oil and water. Examples of non-volatile co-solvents include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, non-volatile silicone fluids and Arlasolve DMI (dimethyl iso-sorbide). Compositions for use in the present invention may be single-phase systems in which a compound of formula (I) is dissolved in a topically acceptable carrier, or, alternatively, multi-phase systems, preferably dual-phase systems, in which a compound of formula (I) is dissolved in at least one of the phases comprising the system, which phases, on mixing, may be miscible or may form an emulsion such as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil type of emulsion. A single phase solution substantially saturated and preferably super-saturated in the compound of formula (I) may be created in situ from a solution which is sub-saturated in the compound of formula (I) by using a mixture of volatile and less-volatile or non-volatile solvents. On topical application, the volatile solvent rapidly evaporates thereby increasing the concentration of the compound of formula (I) to substantially saturated and preferably super-saturated level. Such formulations are advantageous as, surprisingly, the formulations of the invention enhance the penetration of the compound of formula I through the skin. Preferably, the formulation results in between 5x to 20x, more preferably lOx, supersaturation of the compound of formula I when the volatile phase has evaporated. Alternatively, substantially saturated and preferably super-saturated levels may be achieved by dissolving the active components in the first and/or second of two liquid phases and mixing them together either in situ post-application or immediately prior to use. The composition of the two liquid phases and the concentration of the compound of formula (I) are selected such that on admixture of the two phases the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is near to or greater than its saturated solubility in the initially formed resultant mixture. Super-saturated systems of this type are described in United States Patent No. 4,767,751, (Beecham Group pic). Advantageously, compositions in accordance with the present invention which are substantially saturated and preferably super-saturated will additionally contain an anti-nucleating agent in order to prevent precipitation of the compound of formula (I) from solution. Suitable anti-nucleating agents include vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers; copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and long-chain α-olefms; quatarnized copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; poly/vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and vinylcaprolactam/PVP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer; polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). A typical composition of the invention will comprise (w/v) from 0.005 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 1.75% and more preferably 1% of a compound of formula (I). Compositions will optionally include (w/v) upto 12%, preferably 1.0 to 7.5% of an anti-nucleating agent. Preferably the antinucleating agent is present in a ratio of 2:1 to 5:1, antinucleating agent: compound of formula I. A typical single-phase formulation will include a topically acceptable carrier comprising (w/v) from 80 to 99% of a volatile solvent or volatile solvent mixture, optionally with from 1 to 20% preferably 10% of a less-volatile or non-volatile solvent or mixtures thereof. In a typical two-phase formulation, the compound of formula (I) will generally be dissolved in or form an emulsion with a first phase comprising a volatile solvent, or a mixture of a volatile solvent and a less-volatile solvent, which first phase optionally contains an anti-nucleating agent, whilst the second phase will generally comprise a mixture of less- volatile and non-volatile solvents, including water, which second phase optionally contains an anti-nucleating agent. When used herein, the terms 'liquid' and 'solution' include viscous materials such as creams, ointments and gels. Compositions according to the present invention may be applied topically to the skin or scalp as appropriate in the form of lotions, ointments, creams, conditioners, gels, mousses, sprays or aerosols. It will however be appreciated that topical compositions will not be limited to the forms indicated above. A composition for topical application to the skin or scalp is preferably a 'leave-on' product, and includes, as appropriate, conditioners, tonics, lotions, creams, dressings, gels, spray on conditioners, aerosol conditioning sprays, mousses, post foaming hair gels, styling and hairsprays. According to the type of product required, in addition to the compound of formula (I) and the topically acceptable carrier, many other topically acceptable ingredients may be used. For example, in a skin-care product compositions may additionally contain a particulate substance such as silica, silanised silica or talc, which substance may improve the feel and appearance of a treated skin area. Furthermore, compositions according to the present invention may contain, in addition to a compound of formula (I), further topically active substances. A composition for anti-acne use may contain a topically administrable anti-microbial agent and a composition for application to the scalp may contain an anti-dandruff agent. Gels, conditioners and other hair dressings will contain ingredients conventionally used in the art, and may include emulsifiers, detergents and alcohol. Additional ingredients such as perfumes and dyes may also be used. Multi-phase compositions according to the invention may be packaged into a multiple-compartment pack ready for topical application by the user who will normally apply the phases simultaneously to the treatment area and mix the phases together in situ. Alternatively, multiple phases may be contained in a single-compartment pack separated by an internal membrane or membranes. In-pack mixing may then take place on breaking the membrane or membranes immediately prior to application. Suitable packs for these purposes are commercially available. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating skin-disorders, in particular acne, and reducing excessive production of sebum from sebaceous glands onto the face, scalp and hair, which method comprises the topical administration to the skin or scalp of an effective amount of a topically administrable composition in accordance with the invention. In yet a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for arresting hair-loss and/or promoting hair-growth which method comprises the topical administration to the scalp of an effective amount of a topically administra composition in accordance with the invention. The following examples illustrate specific formulations for compositions in accordance with the present invention. In each formulation, the compound androst-4-ene-16,16-dimethyl-17β-ol-3-one is included as a representative example of a compound of formula (I) and is identified as 'Compound A'. The quantity of each constituent present in the specific formulations i is expressed as a percentage (w/w) of the total composition for single ph laε se systems, (examples 1 and 2)and as a percentage (w/w) of the phase in whic it is present for multiphase systems (Example 3). Example 3 ACTIVE PHASE (% w/w) Compound A 1.59 Isopropyl isostearate 79.37 Ethanol qs 100.00 NON-ACTIVE PHASE (% w/w) The two phases are mixed together in the ratio 1.7:1 (active:non-active) to produce the following mixed phase; MIXED PHASE (% w/w) Compound A 1.00 Isopropyl Isostearate 49.97 *PVP 2.50 Dimethicone DC 200/1 32.03 Ethanol 14.50 The final mixed phase is calculated to be 4.8868x supersaturated. *polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Claims: Claims 1. A topically administrable composition comprising a compound of formula I as hereindefined and a topically acceptable carrier which includes a volatile solvent and a non- volatile solvent wherein the composition is specifically adapted to present a compound of formula I to a site of action on the skin or scalp in a substantially saturated or supersaturated concentration such that penetration of the skin or scalp is promoted, characterised in that the non-volatile solvent is isopropyl isosterate or a mixture of non-volatile solvents including isopropyl isosterate. 2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 additionally comprising an antinucleating agent. 3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the composition is at least 5 x supersaturated. 4. A composition as claimed herein wherein the volatile solvent is present in the range 80 - 99% w/v. 5. A composition as claimed herein wherein the compound of formula I comprises 0.005 to 5% w/v. 6. A composition as claimed herein wherein the compound of formula 1 is androst-4-ene-16, 16 dimethyl-17β-ol-3-one.

Inventors: CARTER TIMOTHY PETER, RIDGE BENJAMIN DIGBY, CARTER, TIMOTHY, PETER, RIDGE, BENJAMIN, DIGBY
Applicants: SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PLC, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM P.L.C.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61K47
IPC codes: A61K8, A61K9, A61K31, A61K47, A61P17, A61Q7, A61Q19