Drug delivery system

Abstract: A drug delivery system comprising a drug container (1) containing a dose of a dry drug and having a mouth portion (2) sealed by a sealing means (3) including a packing (4), a spherical closing member (5) and a holding member (6); a solvent container (12) containing a dose of a solvent and having at either ends first and second openings (13,18) sealed by a sealing means (14), at least one sealing means for the first opening (13) of the solvent container including a packing (15), a spherical closing member (16) and a holding member (17); and a fluid-communication member (7) arranged between the mouth portion of the drug container and the first opening of the solvent container.

Description: The present invention relates to a drug delivery system and, more particularly, a drug delivery system for separately holding a drug and a solvent in containers and aseptically mixing them to administrate the resultant solution to a patient. In medical facilities such as hospitals, dry drugs such as powdered drugs, freeze-dried drugs or solid medicines held in drug containers or vials have been used for intravenous drip infusion by dissolving them in a diluent such as distilled water, a physiological saline, glucose solution, a drug solution or an other solvent. To facilitate dissolving operations, there have been proposed various drug delivery systems of the kind wherein a drug container, such as a vial containing a dry drug, and a flexible container containing a diluent are connected to each other in series and are adapted to be communicated with each other by piercing edges of a double pointed hollow needle into respective rubber plugs of the two containers to allow the diluent to flow into the drug container, for example, in JP-T- S61-501129, JP-A- H 2-1277, JP-A- S 63-135642 and EP-A-0.335.378. JP-T- S61-501129, which corresponds to U.S. patent 4,583,971, discloses a closed drug delivery system comprising a flexible container having a liquid diluent therein, a capsule coupled to the flexible container, a drug vial having a drug therein adapted to be mixed with the diluent, said drug vial being supported in the capsule by a supporting means of the capsule, and a coupling means for coupling the capsule to the interior of the flexible container. In this system, the drug vial is communicated with the flexible container by a communicating means arranged in the coupling means, thus making it possible to aseptically mix the drug with the solvent. JP-A- H2-1277, which corresponds to U.S. patent 4,936,841, discloses a container system comprising a flexible container containing a diluent, a capsule having a cylindrical connecting portion at its one end and being connected to a mouth portion of the flexible container at the connecting portion, a drug container held in the capsule, and a communicating means arranged in the capsule for communicating the flexible container with the drug container. In use, the communicating means is firstly pierced into the drug vial and then pierced into the flexible container to communicate the flexible container with the drug container. Since the flexible container is communicated with the drug container in the closed system, it is possible to aseptically mix the drug with the solvent. JP-A- S63-135642 (utility model) discloses a drug delivery system comprising a solvent container containing a diluent therein, a drug container or vial containing a dry drug and arranged in series with the flexible container, and a double pointed hollow needle slidably supported by a ring removably arranged in the drug container, the hollow needle being adapted to be pierced at one end into a rubber stopper of the drug container and at the other end into a rubber plug of the flexible container to aseptically connect the two containers just before use. All the above drug delivery systems of the prior art may be applied for various vials on the market. However, all the delivery systems of the prior art are combined with a piercing hollow needle to connect the drug container with the solvent container, so that the rubber plugs are cored by the hollow needle to provide small rubber pieces which are liable to cause mixing of the resulting drug solution with foreign substances. Further, the drug delivery system of JP-T- S61-501129 requires a great number of different parts and makes it necessary to manually break a frangible member arranged between the drug container and the diluent container, thus making it troublesome to handle. In addition, incomplete fracture of the fracturable member puts off the flow of solvent, resulting in extension of a time required for dissolution of the drug. The drug delivery system of JP-A- H2-1277 is free from contamination by foreign substances and is much improved in operating simplicity, as compared with that of JP-T- S61-501129. However, it also requires a great number of different parts and requires complex parts which constitute a means for connecting the vial with the solvent container. In contrast therewith, the drug delivery system of JP-A- S63-135642 (utility model) is small in a number of parts and relatively simple in operation. However, it is necessary to apply a large external force to the vial to communicate the vial with the liquid container. Thus, it is troublesome to handle. Also, there is a fear of leakage of the drug solution when removing the double pointed needle from the plugs. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a liquid medicine delivery system which enables to aseptically mix a drug with a solvent and which is free from contamination by foreign substances, simple to operate, free from leakage of a drug solution, and small in the number of parts. The above and other objects of the present invention are achieved by providing a drug delivery system as defined in claim 1. Preferred details may be seen from claims 2-5. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will become clear from the following description taken in conjunction with reference to the accompanying drawings throughout which like parts are designated by like reference numerals, and in which: Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view of a drug delivery system illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figs. 2 and 3 are enlarged sectional views illustrating a communicating sticking operation of the drug delivery system of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of a drug delivery system illustrating another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 5 is a sectional view illustrating another form of a sealing member used in another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a drug delivery system according to the present invention. The system generally comprises a drug container 1 containing a dose of a dry drug and having at its one end a mouth portion 2 sealed by a sealing means 3 which includes a packing 4, a spherical closing member 5 and a holding member 6; a solvent container 12 containing a dose of a solvent and having at either ends first and second openings 13 and 18 each being sealed by a sealing means 14 or 19, at least one sealing means for the first opening 13 of the solvent container including a packing 15, a spherical closing member 16 and a holding member 17; and a fluid-communication member 7 arranged between the mouth portion 2 of the drug container 1 and the first opening 13 of the solvent container 12 for forming fluid-communication between the drug container and the solvent container. The drug container 1 is generally made of a transparent material such as, for example, glass or synthetic resins in the form of a bottle-shaped member reduced in diameter at an open end thereof to form a narrow mouth portion 2. The drug container 1 contains a dose of a dry drug (not shown) such as powdered drugs, freeze-dried drugs or solid preparations and is sealed at the mouth portion 2 thereof by a sealing means 3 including an annular packing 4, a spherical closing member 5, and a holding member 6. To provide a seat for packing 4, the drug container 1 is provided with an annular packing seat 21 on an inside wall of the mouth portion 2 close to the open end thereof. The packing seat 21 is generally formed by providing an inwardly extending annular projection on the inside wall of the mouth portion or by making steps on the inside wall of the mouth portion. However, the packing seat 21 may take any shape, provided that it can hold the packing 4 in place and prevent it from falling off therefrom even when an external force is applied to the packing in the direction perpendicular to the packing seat 21. The packing 4 is made of an elastomeric material such as butyl rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, urethane rubber or nitrile rubber in the form of an annular member or a disk-like member having a central bore 22 with a diameter smaller than that of the spherical closing member 5. The spherical closing member 5 has a diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the mouth portion 2 but greater than the inside diameter of the packing 4. The closing member 5 is generally made of glass or a synthetic resin. However, the closing member 5 may be made of any other material, provided that it has a good chemical-resistance and provides a smooth surface. The spherical closing member 5 is held in place on the packing 4 and forced towards the same by the holding member 6 fitted on the mouth portion 2 of the body 1. The holding member 6 is generally made of a flexible resin such as poly-propylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyesters and polyvinyl chlorides in the form of a cap-like member having a bore 23 at a central part of a head portion thereof. This bore 23 has a diameter smaller than that of the spherical closing member 5 but greater than that of bore 22 of the packing 4 to allow a communicating portion 8 of the fluid-communication member 7 to pass therethrough when the drug container is communicated to the solvent container 12. At an end of a skirt 24 of the holding member 6 there is provided an inwardly projected rib 25 adapted to be engaged with a flange part of the mouth portion 2 of the drug container 1. The holding member 6 is snapped on the mouth portion 2 of the drug container 1 to hold the spherical closing member 5 in place as well as to press it to the packing 4. The solvent container 12 is generally made of a flexible resin such as poly-propylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyesters and polyvinyl chlorides in the form of a cylindrical member reduced at both ends in diameter to form first and second mouth portion 13 and 18. The first mouth portion 13 on the top side of the solvent container 12 is adapted to provide a passage for fluid-communication with the drug container 1, while the second mouth portion 18 being adapted to provide a discharge opening for a drug solution prepared by mixing the drug and the solvent. One of the mouth portions, the first mouth portion 13 of the container 12, is sealed by a sealing means 14. This sealing means includes an annular packing 15 seated on an annular packing seat 26, a spherical closing member 16 and a holding member 17, each having a configuration similar to that of the annular packing 4, spherical closing member 5 and holding member 6. Arrangements of these members 15, 16 and 17 are the same as those of the sealing means 3 used in the drug container 1. The opening of the other mouth portion 18 of the solvent container 12 is generally sealed by a sealing means or a rubber plug 19 used in well-known solvent containers. The rubber plug 19 is fitted in the second mouth portion 18 of the solvent container 12 and fixed by a capping member 20 secured on the mouth portion 18 of the solvent container 12. It is to be noted, however, that the mouth portion 18 may be sealed by a sealing means having a structure similar to that of the sealing means 3 for drug container 1 or that of the sealing means 14 for solvent container 12. The fluid-communication member 7 is arranged between the drug container 1 and the solvent container 12 to form a fluid-communication between the containers 1 and 12 when the sealing means 3 and 14 are opened. The fluid-communication member 7 comprises a tubular communicating portion 8 and supporting portion 9 formed as an integral part of the communicating portion 8 at a middle portion thereof. The communicating portion 8 is adapted to be fitted in the bore of the packing when connecting the drug container 1 with the solvent container 12. In general, the fluid-communication member is made of a chemical-resistant synthetic resin such as polypropylene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. The fluid-communication member 7 may include a guiding means which extends coaxially with the communicating portion 8 from the supporting portion to assist sliding movement of the containers 1 and 12. In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, the guiding means is constituted by a cylindrical portion which is formed as an integral part of the supporting portion 9 and partitioned by the supporting portion 9 into two parts, i.e., an upwardly extending, guiding portion 10 for the mouth portion of the drug container 1, and a downwardly extending, lower guiding portion 11 for the mouth portion of the solvent container 12. The upper guiding portion 10 is fitted on the holding member 6 of the sealing means 3 for the drug container 1, while the lower guiding portion 11 is fitted on the holding member 17 of the sealing means 14 for the solvent container 12. The fluid-communication member 7 may be used in combination with a drug container of which a mouth portion is closed by a rubber plug. In this case, the fluid-communication member 7 is so designed as to have an edged communicating portion 8 at one end thereof. Further, the lower guiding portion 11 of the guiding means may be provided at its lower end with an inwardly projected annular rib as occasion demands. In this case, the annular rib is engaged with a flange of the mouth portion of the solvent container, as well as an annular rib 32 of a capsule 30 shown in Fig. 4. All the parts of the drug delivery system according to the present invention may be packed separately or in combination, for example, into two packages, one for a drug container 1 with a fluid-communication member 7, and the other for a solvent container 12. Also, as illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, these parts may be assembled as one body and then packed into one package to make the system easy to operate. In such a case, it is preferred to aseptically seal a gap formed between the holding member 6 of the sealing means 3 and the guiding means 10 of the fluid-communication member 7 and a gap between the holding member 17 of the sealing means 14 and the guiding means 11 of the fluid-communication member 7 with a suitable sealing means such as an O-ring (not illustrated) to protect the mouth portion 2, opening 13 and the communicating portion 8 from bacteria. Also, provision of a hanging means (not illustrated) on the mouth portion 2 or the neck portion on the side of the opening 13 of the solvent container facilitates intravenous drip infusion. Referring now to Fig. 4, there is shown another form of a drug delivery system according to the present invention, which comprises a drug container 1 having a mouth portion 2 at one end thereof, a solvent container 12 having first and second openings 13 and 18 and a fluid-communication member 7 arranged between the two containers 1 and 12. The system further includes a guiding capsule 30 serving as a guiding means and enveloping means. The drug container 1 has the same structure as that of the drug delivery system of Fig. 1, while the fluid-communication member 7 and solvent container 12 differ from those of the drug delivery system of Fig. 1. The fluid-communication member 7 is provided with a cylindrical portion 33 extending from a supporting portion 9 in the direction facing to the drug container 1. The capsule 30 is fixed at its one end to the neck portion of the solvent container 12 by engagement with a groove 32 provided around the neck portion of the solvent container 12. The fluid-communication member 7 and the drug container 1 are slidably arranged in the capsule 30 and the capsule 30 is sealed at its other end by a sealing member 34. In the foregoing embodiments, the annular packing 4 and 15 are used as a part of the sealing means 3 and 14, but these packing may be replaced with a cylindrical packing 40 having a configuration as shown in Fig. 5. The cylindrical packing 40 has a hollow core 41 passing therethrough and having a spherical hollow portion 42 with a diameter smaller than that of the spherical closing member 5, as shown in Fig. 5. In this case, the closing member 5 is press-fitted in the spherical hollow portion 42 to close the core 41, and the packing 40 is forced to the packing seat 21 by the holding member 6. Further, the spherical closing member 5 may be a hollow spherical member 42. In use, the drug delivery system, for example, of Fig. 1 is operated in the following manner. Firstly, the drug container 1 is forced downwardly and manually to push it into the fluid-communication member 7. To this end, the communicating portion 8 is brought into contact with the spherical closing members 5 and 16 of the sealing means 3 and 14. By further increasing the external force applied to the drug container 1, the closing members 5 and 16 are forced into the packing 4 and 15 to pass therethrough and pushed into the respective containers 1 and 12 as shown in Fig. 3. Thus, the drug container 1 is communicated with the solvent container 12. The drug delivery system is then turned upside down to allow the solvent in the solvent container 12 to flow into the drug container 1 through the bores of communicating portion 8 of the fluid-communication member 7, shaken to prepare a homogeneous solution, and then turned upside down again to allow the resultant drug solution in the drug container 1 to flow into the solvent container 12. The resultant solution may be used for intravenous drip infusion by piercing a needle of a solution infusion set into the rubber plug 19 of the solvent container 12. Thus, the drug delivery system according to the present invention makes it possible to avoid coring of the rubber plug as no piercing needle is employed to connect the drug container with the solvent container, which in turn makes it possible to prevent the drug solution from mingling with small rubber pieces. Also, the drug delivery system is easy to operate and enables to save time, thus making it possible to lighten the burden to its operator. Since the drug container is connected to the solvent container by the tubular portion of the fluid-communication member adapted to be fitted in the bores of the packing, there is no fear of leakage of the drug solution from the drug delivery system. In addition, it is possible to aseptically carry out mixing operations of the drug and the solvent .

Claims: A drug delivery system comprising: a drug container (1) having a mouth portion (2) sealed by a sealing means (3); a solvent container (12) having, at one end thereof, a first mouth portion (13) serving as a port for fluid-communication with the drug container (1) and, at the opposed end, a second mouth portion (18) serving as a discharge port for a drug solution, said first and second mouth portions (13, 18) of the solvent container (12) being respectively sealed by a sealing means (14, 19); and a fluid-communication member (7) arranged between said drug container (1) and solvent container (12) to connect them; characterized in that said drug container (1) and solvent container (12) are respectively provided with an annular packing seat (21, 26) at the mouth portion (2) of said drug container (1) and at least the first mouth portion (13) of said solvent container (12), that each of said sealing means (3, 14) for the mouth portion (2) of said drug container and at least the first mouth portion (13) of said solvent container (12) comprises an annular packing (4, 15) seated on said annular packing seat (21, 26), a spherical closing member (5, 16) put on said annular packing (4, 15) to close a through-hole of said annular packing (4, 15), and a cap-like holding member (6, 17) having a through hole (23) at the top and being fitted on the mouth portion (2) of said drug container (1) or at least the first mouth portion (13) of said solvent container to hold said spherical closing member (5, 16) in place, and that said fluid-communication member (7) is composed of a cylindrical guiding portion (10, 11) partitioned into two parts by a supporting portion (9) and adapted to be fitted on the holding members (6, 17) of said sealing means (3, 14), and a tubular communicating portion (8) extending upwardly and downwardly from said supporting portion (9) and adapted to be hermetically fitted into the through-hole of each annular packing (4, 15). The drug delivery system according to claim 1 wherein said fluid-communication member (7) includes a guiding means (10,11) extending coaxially with the communicating portion from the supporting portion (9), said guiding means comprising a guiding portion for the mouth portion (2) of the drug container (1) and a guiding portion for the mouth portion (13) of the solvent container (12). The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said spherical closing member (5,16) is held and forced towards the packing by the holding member (6,17) with a cap-like structure. The system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said spherical closing member (5,16) is press-fitted in the packing (4,15) in the form of a hollow cylinder and wherein said packing is forced to the packing seat by the holding member. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 further including a guiding capsule (30) for holding the drug container, the fluid-communication member (7) and the mouth portion (13) of the solvent container (12) therein, said capsule being fixed at its one end to the solvent container and sealed at the other end, said drug container and fluid-communication member being slidably arranged in said capsule.

Inventors: FUTAGAWA HITOSHI, IKEDA KOJI, KIKUCHI TOSHIHIRO, FUTAGAWA, HITOSHI, IKEDA, KOJI, KIKUCHI, TOSHIHIRO
Applicants: NISSHO KK, NISSHO CORPORATION
Application year: 1993
Main classification: A61J1
IPC codes: A61J1, A61J3, B65D81