Screwdrivers

Abstract: A screwdriver, or an adaptor for fitment to a screwdriver, having a shaft portion (10) and drive blade (14). So that the screwdriver can be prevented from slipping off a screw and so that a screw can be driven with substantial force from the start, it has a sleeve device (16) slidably mounted on the shaft portion (10) so that it can extend beyond the end of said drive blade (14).

Description: The invention relates to screwdrivers, in particular, although not exclusively, to screwdrivers for driving single slotted screws. A particular hazard when driving screws of the single slotted variety is that of the blade of the screwdriver slipping off the screw head and scoring the surface of or alongside the member (possibly an expensive hardwood door or the like) into which the screw is being driven. This hazard is much reduced when using screwdrivers of the 'Phillips' type to drive screws having a cruciform type of driving slot, but is not entirely eliminated. A further problem is that, unless a pilot hole has either been drilled or produced by a bradawl for example, a screw cannot easily be started in its required location because any substantial axial force applied to the screw by the screwdriver tends to tilt the screw out of line and to cause the disengagement of the screwdriver and screw. Sleeve devices of various kinds have in the past been provided for fitment on screwdriver blades. For example, in one particular construction (US Pat. No. 3517714) a screwdriver has included a slideable sleeve which has been slideable along the screwdriver shank and across the screwdriver blade for the purpose of preventing the blade from slipping out of a screw slot, the sleeve when being positioned around the blade also enclosing the screw head. In another construction (UK Pat. No. 414887 corresponding to the preamble of claim 1) there has been provided a screwdriver having a guide sleeve adapted to slide over the shank of the tool and occupy an operative position in which the end of the sleeve serves to locate the end of the tool, in the slot in a screw head, and an inoperative position in which the sleeve is moved back from the end of the tool, in which the sleeve is restrained by automatically operating positive means from moving into the inoperative position when in the operative position, and from moving into the operative position when occupying the inoperative position. In a still further construction (US Pat. No. 2902071) there is provided a screwdriver comprising an elongate rod having a handle at one end and a flat screwdriver bit at the opposite end, a lug projecting radially from said rod intermediate its ends, a hollow sleeve surrounding said rod having a pair of fixed inwardly projecting jaws at one end, said jaws being spaced laterally from each other whereby to provide an end opening to receive the shank of a screw, said jaws both being spaced axially from the said one end of said sleeve to provide a side opening to receive the head of a screw, said sleeve having an axial slot in which said lug is positioned, said lug acting to prevent said sleeve from rotating relative to said rod, threads provided on said rod intermediate said lug and said handle, a nut surrounding said rod having threads in mating relation with the threads on said rod, a flange on one face of said nut, and a peripheral flange on said sleeve rotatably secured to the flange on said nut, said sleeve being movable upon rotation of said nut from a first position wherein said jaws are in advance of the tip of said bit to a second position wherein said jaws are in retracted position behind the tip of said bit. Such devices have, however, been of only limited assistance in that the screwdriver blade may have been located centrally of the screw head by such sleeve devices but the starting of the screw has not been facilitated to any substantial extent. The invention as claimed is intended to provide a remedy. It solves the problems of how to prevent the blade of a screwdriver from slipping off a screw head and of how to ensure that the screw is not tilted out of line by axial force applied to the screw by the screwdriver, and in addition it facilitates to a substantial degree the starting of the screw. The screwdriver according to the present invention is defined in Claim 1. The advantages offered by the invention are, mainly, that it provides a means whereby, during the driving of a screw a screwdriver can be prevented from slipping off the screw and can be driven with substantial axial force from the start. The invention in addition enables a screwdriver to be driven two handed when the screw is to be finally tightened. One way of carrying out the invention is described in detail below with reference to drawings which illustrate, by way of example, one specific embodiment, in which :- Figure 1 is a part-sectional view of a screwdriver embodying the invention in one mode of use, Figures 2 and 3 are views illustrating the screwdriver being used in other modes of use, Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line 4-4 in Figure 3, Figures 5 and 6 are views similar to Figure 1 and illustrating possible modifications, and Figures 7 to 12 are views which illustrate different embodiments of the invention. Referring now to Figure 1, the screwdriver there illustrated has a cylindrical shaft portion 10 with a handle 12 at one end and blade portion 14 at the other. A sleeve device, generally indicated 16, is freely rotatable on the shaft portion 10. Said sleeve device, made mainly of a synthetic plastics material, has a metal liner 18 which extends rather more than halfway along the length of the device from its end remote from the handle. The sleeve is in fact somewhat longer than a wood screw which is shown in chain-dotted lines within the front end of the sleeve device, the screw being of average length having regard to its diameter. The bore of the sleeve device is a stepped bore so that said sleeve device is held captive on the shaft portion by the widening of the blade. The underside of the handle 12 is provided with a hexagonal driving nut portion 20 and the rear end of the sleeve device has a hexagonal socket 22 in which said nut portion can be engaged. The screwdriver is shown in Figure 1 in a first mode of use, that is to say, with the sleeve in a forward position in which it prevents the screwdriver blade from slipping sideways out of engagement with the screw head. In addition, because the sleeve device shrouds the full length of the screw and extends a somewhat longer distance along the shaft portion of the screwdriver, the screw is supported against any tendency to tilt. Consequently, despite the fact that it is not being started in a pilot hole drilled or formed by a bradawl for example, the screw can be driven hard with substantial axial force without fear of the screw tilting. The average time required to drive each screw can therefore be expected to be much reduced. In Figure 2, the screwdriver is shown in a second mode of use, the sleeve device having been relocated to a position intermediate the ends of the shaft portion where it can be used as a spinner. In other words, the sleeve device can be held by the user to provide a steady for the screwdriver blade. In Figure 3, the screwdriver is shown in a third mode of use when the screw has been almost completely driven into position, that is to say with the sleeve device re-located so that its rear end engages the handle non-rotatably. The user of the screwdriver can thus use both hands for extra torque to drive the screw home. If desired, the sleeve device can be used with a segmental action. In other words, since the sleeve device is of non-circular external shape so as to facilitate the way in which it can be grasped and turned, it can be angularly re-located with the handle after each small turning movement to suit the personal preference of the user. (The screwdriver can of course be used in reverse, that is to say when unscrewing). Referring now to Figure 5, this illustrates a possible modification of the screwdriver of Figures 1 to 4, the modification being the provision of a coil compression spring 24 for urging the sleeve device away from the handle 12. The spring 24 embraces the shaft portion 10 of the screwdriver; at one end it abuts against the sleeve device and at its other end it abuts against the driving nut portion 20 at the underside of the handle. The arrangement is such that this modified form of screwdriver can be used one-handed to insert a screw in an overhead location where this could only otherwise be done with great difficulty (as for example by drilling a pilot hole and starting the screw by hand before using the screwdriver). It will be understood that the spring is a relatively weak spring. That is to say, although it can support the weight of the sleeve device the spring is quite easily compressed by the user as the screw is screwed into position. The spring can be removed when the sleeve device is to be brought into engagement with the driving nut portion 20 at the underside of the handle, the sleeve device in this case not being captive on the shaft portion of the screwdriver. Other means may be employed to obtain the advantage just described of the Figure 5 embodiment. For example, means may be provided for producing a very slight resistance to axial sliding of the sleeve device along the cylindrical shaft portion of the screwdriver. In Figure 6 there is illustrated the provision of means for producing a resistance to axial sliding of the sleeve device along the cylindrical shaft portion of the screwdriver, these means taking the form of a resilient clip element 26 which can be snap fitted on said shaft portion beneath the sleeve device. Ideally, however, the sleeve device will have means located within its bore for acting very lightly against the cylindrical shaft portion of the screwdriver, this producing an initial resistance to axial sliding of said sleeve device, the fitment of said resilient clip element 26 on said shaft portion then providing a somewhat greater resistance to axial sliding of said sleeve device. In Figure 7 there is illustrated a rather different embodiment of the invention, this being an adaptor unit for fitment to a screwdriver. (The screwdriver to which the adaptor unit is shown being fitted in Figure 7 is a pump action spiral screwdriver but it will be understood that it could equally well be a motor driven screwdriver). The adaptor unit illustrated in Figure 7 has a cylindrical shaft portion 110 with a plug-in type adaptor spindle 112 at one end and an axial recess 114 at the other end for the reception of a selected one of a plurality of screwdriver bits 115. The shaft portion 110 has been magnetised to retain the ferrous screwdriver bit in position. A sleeve device, generally indicated 116, is freely rotatable on the shaft portion 110 and is of similar form to the sleeve device 16 of the first described embodiment, having a hexagonal socket 122 at its rear end which can be engaged with a hexagonal driving nut portion 120 formed adjacent the adaptor spindle 112 of the cylindrical shaft portion. The sleeve device of this embodiment can be used in a generally similar way to the sleeve device of the first described embodiment. In an advanced position along the shaft portion, said sleeve device can embrace the screwdriver bit and can contain a screw engaged by said screwdriver bit for the starting of the screw. In an intermediate position, the sleeve device can be used as a spinner for steadying the shaft portion 110 as the latter is rotationally driven by the pump action spiral screwdriver illustrated (or motor driven screwdriver as the case may be). In a fully retracted position as illustrated in Figure 7, the sleeve device is engaged with the driving nut portion and said sleeve device can then be used for the final tightening of the screw. (In a case where the adaptor unit is fitted to a battery powered screwdriver, it may be that the battery power is not sufficient to tighten the screw and the adaptor unit will be especially useful in such circumstances). In a further modification illustrated in Figure 8, the rear end of the sleeve device has been adapted to form a convenient carrier for the plurality of screwdriver bits 115 which can be used selectively in the adaptor unit of Figure 7. The bits 115 are plugged into respective cavities equally spaced around a pitch circle diameter at the rear end of said sleeve device and retained therein either by being a push fit in their respective cavities or by magnetic means for example. In Figures 9 to 12 there is illustrated a further modification of the sleeve device just described. The further modification in this case is the addition of a cylindrical shroud member 124 at the rear end of said sleeve device to retain the plurality of bits 115 in position, the bits thus being able to be loosely located in their respective cavities. As shown in Figure 10, which is a view looking in the direction of arrow 10 in Figure 9, an aperture 126 in an end wall 128 of the shroud member can be brought into line with a required one of the different bits 115 so that it can be allowed to fall into the users hand. To retain the full complement of bits within the sleeve device, the shroud can be located with the aperture 126 midway between an adjacent pair of bit locations as shown in Figure 10. Means whereby the shroud member can be "clicked" around to be retained in any required position are shown in Figures 11 and 12 and includes a ridge element 130 extending across a circumferential groove 132 surrounding the sleeve device. An inwardly directed flange formed at the end of the shroud member remote from the end wall 128 is snapped in position in the groove 132 and has a plurality of notches 134 which can be engaged in turn by the ridge element 130. Various other modifications may be made. For example, it is not essential for the sleeve device to be provided with a metal liner, or indeed for the sleeve device to have a stepped bore so as to be captive on the shaft portion. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 to 4 could be modified by having the driving nut portion 20 formed on the end of the sleeve device and the complementary socket 22 formed in the handle 12. However, an advantage of the illustrated embodiment is that a spanner can be applied to the nut portion formed beneath the handle for extra torque whereas this would not be possible with the reversed arrangement. The metal liner 18, if made of a ferrous material, may be magnetised to retain ferrous screws within it by magnetic attraction. In an arrangement otherwise than that illustrated in Figure 5, that is to say provided with a spring 24, this could also be useful in lightly retaining the sleeve device in a required position along the screwdriver blade. Furthermore, the front end of the sleeve device could be fitted with an elastomeric abutment member to protect any vulnerable surface with which it might come into contact and to avoid slipping. The sleeve device could incorporate an adjustable torque device by means of which, after a screw has been first driven home by the screwdriver handle it could be 'torqued up' to the desired setting by said sleeve device. Thus there is provided a screwdriver, by means of which the task of driving a screw is considerably simplified and made safer. The sleeve device protects the user against injury when trying to start a screw. It is particularly useful when using screws which are too small to hold between finger and thumb or when securing screws in small or inaccessible spaces.

Claims: A screwdriver having a shaft portion (10) with a drive blade (14) at one end and having also a sleeve device (16) slidably mounted on said shaft portion between a first position of adjustment in which it extends beyond the end of said drive blade to accommodate and guide a screw to be engaged by the drive blade and a second position of adjustment in which it exposes said drive blade, characterised in that non-circular plug and socket means (20,22) are provided on the sleeve device and the shaft portion, respectively, whereby, at least when the drive blade is exposed, the sleeve device (16) can either be made freely rotatable on said shaft portion, to be held by the user to provide a steady for the screwdriver blade, or can be coupled to the shaft portion (10) for co-rotation therewith to enable the user to use both hands for extra torque when driving a screw. A screwdriver according to Claim 1, in which the non-circular plug and socket means comprise a driving nut portion (20) provided on the shaft portion (10) and a complementary socket (22) at the rear end of the sleeve device. A screwdriver according to either one of the preceding claims, in which spring means (24) are provided for urging the sleeve device (16) towards the first position of adjustment in which it extends beyond the end of the drive blade (14) to accommodate and guide a screw to be engaged by said drive blade. A screwdriver according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the sleeve device (16) is made of a synthetic plastics material with a metal liner (18) extending at least along that length of its bore which, when said sleeve device is located in its first position of adjustment, can accommodate and guide a screw to be engaged by the drive blade (14). A screwdriver according to Claim 4, in which the bore of the sleeve device (16) is a stepped bore, whereby said sleeve device is held captive on the shaft portion (10) by a greater width of the drive blade (14). A screwdriver according to any one of the preceding claims, in which a metallic part (18) of the sleeve device is magnetised to retain ferrous screws within it by magnetic attraction.

Inventors: BETTS GEOFFREY, BETTS, GEOFFREY
Applicants: BETTS GEOFFREY, BETTS, GEOFFREY
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B25B23
IPC codes: B25G1, B25B23