BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL

Abstract: The present invention refers to a breather bag (1) for atmospheric storage tank (2) vent seal that consists of a bag made with an impermeable and flexible membrane, to be used in storage and/or transportation of liquid product (7) in atmospheric tank (2), by working as a breather to air vent either in closed type or open type tank. Because the stored liquid product (7) in atmospheric storage tank (2) is kept physically separated from atmospheric air (8) by using breather bag (1), the following advantages are proportioned: it avoids evaporation losses of liquid products stored in atmospheric tanks (2). So, it avoids environment pollution by product gases that would be expelled out of the tanks. It avoids flame entry due to fire in atmospheric storage tanks that contain flammable or combustible liquids, so that it reduces occasional accident event. It avoids stored liquid product (7) from hydrocontamination by water presence in atmospheric air (8) in atmospheric storage tanks (2). It avoids stored liquid product (7) from contact with atmospheric air (8) oxidizing compound in atmospheric storage tank (2). It avoids extraneous objects entry into liquid products (7) stored in atmospheric storage tanks (2) like insects and small animals or birds, which may infect the stored liquid products (7).

Description: BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL The present invention refers to a breather bag made with an impermeable and flexible membrane and with an approppriate shape, for using in open type or closed type tanks for storage and/or transportation of liquid products under atmospheric pressure. Specifically, the present invention refers to a bag that is produced by using a membrane that, working as a breather in a storage tank, guarantees that the air vent of the storage tank will work normally, without discharacterization of its qualification in storage and/or transportation of liquid products under atmospheric pressure. Additionally, it makes possible the operation of air venting in storage tanks with physical segregation between the stored liquid product and the atmospheric air and environment. As it is well known, a storage tank is called of atmospheric type when its inner side communicates with the environment ( atmosphere ) by a free way (air vent hole) and the internal pressure on the tank's wall is equal to its stored liquid column height. The atmospheric storage tank is called closed type when it communicates with the environment through a top openning (connection or nozzle) named air vent hole. The atmospheric storage tank is called open type when it communicates with the environment entirely through the full exposed surface of its stored liquid product. The air vent of closed type atmospheric storage tanks has the following functions: - To counterbalance the inside vacuum pressure that would be formed in the storage tanks, by allowing the free entry of atmospheric air. This free way entry may be due to a decrease in ambient temperature, that would consequently cause the contraction of air + gases mixture volume contained in the vapor space of the tanks and due to withdrawal operation of liquid product stored in the tanks. - To counterbalance the internal pressure that would be developed inside the storage tanks, with free way blow out of air + gases mixture contained in the vapor space of the tanks through the vent hole, due to increase in ambient temperature ( consequently it would occur the expansion of air + gases mixture volume contained in vapor space of the tanks ) and due to filling operation of liquid product to store in the tanks. In this way, the mechanical strenght design calculation of atmospheric storage tanks takes into account only the stress due to height of stored liquid product in the tanks. The atmospheric storage tanks are commercialy available in a wide range of alternative making forms, as: .a) By geometrical characteristics: a1 )Closed type, with air vent hole, as: . Tank; . Barrel; . Drum; . Lidded bucket; . Bottle; . Can. a2) Open type, with full exposed surface, as . Pool; . Basin; . Lidness bucket; . Open box. b) By installation and using type: b1 ) Fixed mounted pattern, as: . Outdoor; . Indoor; . Burried ( underground ). b2) Mobile mounted pattern, as: . Part of engine system and/or aggregated to carrying vehicle, for: . Road way transport ( as car ); . Rail way transport ( as train ); . Water way transport ( as ship ); . Air way transport ( as aircraft ). . Shaped for handling and transportation (as container); . Skid-mounted type. The atmospheric storage tanks are normally used for storing liquid products of several natures, as: . Water; . Waste disposals ( effluents and sewers ); . Chemical products; . Petroleum and derivated products; . Vegetable origin extracts; . Animal origin extracts; . Slurries of mineral processing. The liquid products to be stored in atmospheric tanks may present some characteristics, with specific applicable requirements concerning to products quality protection and safeguard procedure to be observed in each case, such as: . Combustible and/ or flammable property; . Chemical activity; . Sanitary quality; . Higroscopic property; . Odor, harmful to health and/or comfort of the people. The liquid product is naturally exposed to evaporation change when gases take away from the liquid-gases separation surface. These gases are expelled out through the air vent to the environment. This normally occurs for a dead state, specially during the product filling operation of atmospheric tank, by causing serious inconveniences like: . Environment pollution; . Fire and explosion hazard; . Evaporation loss; . Corrosion attack on neighbouring construction and structures. The atmospheric air that enters into the storage tanks through the vent hole, which contains water vapours in its composition, may cause several other problems, such as: . Change in quality specification of hygroscopic products; . Water condensation in the vapor space of tank what will cause: . Formation of water pocket in liquid product; . Water emulsion in stored liquid product. The communication between existent storage tanks and the environment by a free way through vent hole, allows the entry into tank of insets, small animals or birds. These small creatures, when confined inside the tanks, may contaminate stored liquid product either by their excrement either by its putrefaction. In this case, if there is sanitary requirement to the liquid product, it may be prejudged forbidden to use for consumption in food or pharmaceutical industry. The document PCT number WO 84/0451 5, ( 22.1 1.84 ), METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERMANENTLY STORING LIQUIDS PARTICULARLY VOLATILE LIQUIDS INTO CONTAINERS CLOSED UNDER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, explains a process and a device that is applicable only to volatile liquids storage tanks, characterized by stored product with constant mass, under atmospheric pressure, just in closed type storage systems . The purpose of these devices is the elimination of products losses that occur through the tank's vent hole, because of either liquid product evaporation or its volume change, this last one caused by product thermal variation. The following points can be noted in the referenced document: - The operation mode of presented device needs aid of many operating accessories, and it depends on operators works in pressurization and depressurization steps. - The presented device with internal pressure control valve, makes it slightly pressurized tank, what descontinues it as an atmospheric tank. - The presented device keeps vapor space of the storage tank hermetically closed; internal pressure change due to thermal variation of stored liquid product in the tank is relieved to a plastic bag piece; the pressure of this bag piece is relieved to environment through a pressure control valve. - In presented device, when • plastic piece will be installed in the tank, the last one is kept full charged of liquid product at its useful volume, and the first one is installed at tank vapor space. - There is water condensation at inner side of plastic piece, due to atmospheric air containing water vapour that is introduced and kept in the bag, because this one is hermetically closed and does not allow water vapours blow out of bag. In this way, the presented device needs a piping system with a suction valve to purge out condensed water from de inner side of the plastic piece. Another PCT document, from same depositor, number WO 85/ 01035, (14.03.85 ), PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR ELIMINATING LOSSES DUE TO THE FILLING AND VAPOR EVOLUTION IN THE CASE OF VOLATILE SUBSTANCES STORED IN HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS, explains a process and a device with specific application in cylindrical horizontal tanks, whose purpose is to eliminate the evaporation losses of stored products through the vent hole, during tank filling operation and by natural evaporation. Like in the earlier document, this device is also applicable specifically in storage tanks for volatile liquid products only and, so that, the presented process has a pressurization and depressurization system too. The presented device is a plastic piece like a bag, hermetically closed inside the tank, attached to a blind flange at a top connection of tank and joined to pressurization and depressurization piping system. It has also in the tanks other internal parts. This plastic piece, as explained, is inflated into full charged tank by using a gaseous material. Before its installation the vapor space of tank is blanked using Halon gas. The normal operation of this presented device depends on low pressure nitrogen gas in the bag. As noted in the first device, inside the plastic piece of presented device, condensation of water vapours from atmospheric air will also occur. The presence of atmospheric air is due to its entry in the bag during operation. To purge out the condensed water it is needed a suction valve connected to a piping system. By the other hand, the existing inner casing pipe allows evaporation of a small fraction of stored liquid proportional to its sectional area. Consequently this device efficiency cannot be considered as 100% for killing liquid product evaporation loss. In summary, it is possible to assert that process and devices exposed in PCT's documents numbers WO 84/ 0451 5 and WO 85/ 01035 present inconveniences as follows: . They consume energy and raw materials ( gases ); . Operational vigilance is needed when tank is storing product; . The system requires frequent maintenance works; . The system start-up is very hard and laborious; . The purpose is only to eliminate evaporation losses of liquid products stored in atmospheric tanks. Therefore, the most important goal of this present invention is to give a way to solve definitively above listed problems and inconveniences. Another objective of this present invention is to provide a way to give not only a definitive solution for above listed difficulties by avoiding evaporation losses of liquid products stored in atmospheric tank but also a way to avoid liquid product contamination due to entry of atmospheric air into tank and consequent exposition of liquid product to atmospheric air. Also, another objective of this present invention is to provide a way to eliminate evaporation losses and contamination of liquid products stored in atmospheric tanks, applicable either to CLOSED TYPE TANKS and to OPEN TYPE TANKS. The above listed and another goals may be reached by using this present invention BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, that has as principal characteristics the following points: 1 s-t ) The breather bag allows normal air vent operation in atmospheric storage tanks with full segregation between stored liquid product and atmospheric air. 2^- ) The breather bag maintains atmospheric qualification of storage tanks in mechanical design procedures. The schematic figures attached in this document make possible a better explanation about objectives of the present invention, BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL. Bellow, in this document are reported schematic figures that show the invention idea's shapes: - Figure 1 : sketch drawing of an atmospheric closed type storage tank; - Figure 2: sketch drawing of an atmospheric open type storage tank; 5 - Figure 3: sketch drawing of an atmospheric closed type storage tank with present invention breather bag already installed; - Figure 4: sketch drawing of an atmospheric open type storage tank with present invention breather bag already installed; 10 - Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10: sketch drawings showing operating steps for this present invention breather bag intalled in atmospheric closed type storage tank; - Figures 1 1 and 12 : sketch drawings showing two other alternative forms for installing this present invention breather bag in 15 atmospheric closed type storage tank; - Figures 1 3, 14, 1 5 and 1 6: sketch drawings showing operating steps for this present invention breather bag installed in atmospheric open type storage tank. NOTE: In attached figures same reference numbers identify similar 20. elements. In accordance to Figure 1 , a standard atmospheric closed type vertical storage tank (2) has the following parts: on the top an air vent nozzle (3); liquid product inlet nozzle (4) or (4'); stored liquid product (7) outlet nozzle (5). When the atmospheric storage 25 tank is charged with stored liquid product (7), in upper portion inside the tank above product level it is formed a region named vapor-space (6) that contains a mixture of atmospheric air + product vapours. The portion outside air vent nozzle (3) is environment atmospheric air (8). 30 In accordance to Figure 2, an atmospheric open type storage tank (2) is presented with the same parts of a standard atmospheric closed type vertical storage tank (2), but without air vent nozzle (3). It is also showing two more outlet connection nozzles: to liquid product overflow (5 1 ) with a non-return check 35 valve in piping system and to liquid product drain ( 5"). Either the inlet nozzle (4) or the outlet nozzle (5) may be attached block valves for controlling liquid products flow in piping system. Otherwise, as showed in Figures 3 and 4 present invention breather bag for sealed vent of atmospheric storage tanks is a compartment or bag (1 ), made with an impermeable and flexible membrane with shape and dimensions near to inner geometry form of atmospheric storage tank (2) with thin wall thickness sufficient only to support a low magnitude positive pressure or vacuum and a minimum resistence 0i to mechanical deformations, but with chemical corrosion resistence for operating stored liquid product (7). In atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) totally empty of liquid product (7) breather bag is introduced into tank (2) and fastened to the conventional existing air vent nozzle. (3). At next step atmospheric air (8) is blowed into breather bag (1 ) while the internal air (6) of tank is purged out. This operation may be performed with inlet connection (4) block valve in closed position and outlet connection (5) block valve in open position, so that atmospheric air(8) is blowed into breather bag(1 ) through air vent nozzle (3). In atmospheric open type storage tank (2) breather bag (1 ) is installed flush to tank's internal walls and fastened at walls top side. During liquid product (7) filling operation into storage tank (2) atmospheric air (8) which was inicially blowed into breather bag (1 ) is now breathed out to environment without presence of stored product vapours. This process may occcur because breather bag (1 ) is made with an impermeable membrane that becomes a physical barrier between stored liquid product (7) and breather bag (1 ) internal atmospheric air (8). During withdrawal operation of stored liquid product (7) frorrrstorage tank (2), atmospheric air (8) enters into breather bag (1 ) through air vent nozzle (3) and it is kept segregated from stored liquid product (7). The Figures 5 to 10 show the sequence of operation steps of this present invention breather bag (1 ) when it is installed in atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). BREATHER BAG INSTALLATION The breather bag (1 ), made with dimensions previously defined for each case, taking into account its geometrical particularities for each application, is introduced empty into non charged atmospheric storage tank (2) through air vent nozzle (3). The Figure 5 shows an empty breather bag (1 ) in a non charged atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). The breather bag (1 ) must be fixed by a convenient way at air vent nozzle (3) so that this operation step will be responsible for tightness from interior of atmospheric storage tank. (2) to environment. ATMOSPHERIC AIR BLOWING INTO BREATHER BAG The empty breather bag (1 ) inicially introduced into non charged atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) is then inflated with atmospheric air (8). The Figure 6 shows inflated breather bag ( 1 ) in the non charged atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). The steps for inflating empty breather bag (1 ) with atmospheric air (8) are: 1S£ ) The inlet nozzle (4) block valve is kept in closed position; 2^ ) The outlet nozzle (5) block valve is kept in open position to allow exhaust of air (6) initially contained inside the atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). 3^ ) The atmospheric air (8) is blowed into the empty breather bag (1 ) aided by an external atmospheric air (8) source or by an air blower equipment. 4^b. ) The outlet nozzle (5) block will be closed when breather bag ( 1 ) becomes fully inflated with atmospheric air (8), so that the breather bag (1 ) will be joined to internal wall of the atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). ATMOSPHERIC CLOSED TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) FILLING OPERATION The storing liquid product (7) is fed into atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) through inlet nozzle (4 or 4') with its block valve in open position. The Figure 7 shows the liquid product (7) filling operation in atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). While liquid product (7) enters into atmospheric closed type storage tank (2), atmospheric air (8) inside the breather bag (1 ) is turned out to environment through vent nozzle (3). The exit of atmospheric air (8) from breather bag (1 ) do not permit that atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) becomes pressurized unless by strenght due to storage liquid product (7) column height. In this operation step, it can be noted that stored liquid product (7) is segregated from atmospheric air (8). As breather bag membrane is in direct contact with stored liquid, product (7) surface, evaporation change of liquid product (7) will be avoided. ATMOSPHERIC CLOSED TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) HIGH LEVEL When storage tank high level line is reached by liquid product (7), feed of liquid product (7) through inlet nozzle (4 or 4' ) is stopped. The Figure 8 shows atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) full charged with liquid product (7) up to storage high level line. The breather bag (1 ) will be empty, without atmospheric air (8) and it will be drawn up in the tank vapor space or it will be crushed in the liquid product (7). At this step it is observed that: 1 s£ ) The stored liquid product (7) is segregated from atmospheric air (8); 2*ώ ) The stored liquid product(7) changes due to evaporation will be avoided; 3^ ) Any volume variation of stored liquid product (7) in atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) due to changes in temperature either in tank or in environment will be absorbed by breather bag (1 ); 4ϊk ) Any extraneous objects that would be introduced through the air vent nozzle (3) into tank (2) will be kept inside the tank (2) physically segregated from stored liquid product (7) by breather bag membrane (1 ). ATMOSPHERIC CLOSED TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) EMPTYING OPERATION The emptying operation of atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) occurs by stored liquid product (7) withdrawal through outlet nozzle (5) with outlet nozzle (5) block valve kept in open position. The Figure 9 shows emptying operation of atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) with stored liquid product (7) withdrawal through outlet nozzle (5). The vacuum that would be formed inside atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) due to stored liquid product (7) withdrawal, is promptly counterbalanced by atmospheric air (8) entering into breather bag (1 ). Thus in atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) it will be avoided possibility to failure. In this step it is denoted that, atmospheric air (8), introduced into tank (2) to counterbalance stored liquid product (7) withdrawal, will be kept inside breather bag (1 ) and segregated from stored liquid product (7). This is the warranty that stored liquid product (7) will be free either of contamination or of changes in its specification quality what would occur due to presence of atmospheric air (8) either with water vapours or with oxidizing compounds. ATMOSPHERIC CLOSED TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) LOW LEVEL When storage tank (2) low level line is reached by liquid product (7) withdrawal operation is stopped. All atmospheric air (8) introduced to counterbalance atmospheric closed type storage tank (2) emptying operation with liquid product (7) withdrawal is kept inside the breather bag (1 ) and segregated from stored liquid product (7). The Figure 10 shows stored liquid product (7) at low level line of atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). To remove breather bag (1 ) from atmospheric storage tank (2) it is needed to introduce atmospheric air (8) between breather bag (1 ) and inner side wall of atmospheric storage tank (2). The atmospheric air (8) exhaust operation in the breather bag (1 ) is done by introducing a new air into the atmospheric storage tank (2) through inlet nozzle (4 or 4') while outlet nozzle (5) block valve is maintained in closed position. The Figures 1 1 and 1 2 show other two alternative forms to install present invention breather bag(l ) atmospheric closed type storage tank(2). These figures present the following: - Figure 1 1 : Tank bottom attached breather bag (1 ); - Figure 12: Multiplex breather bag (1 ). BOTTOM ATTACHED BREATHER BAG (1 ) During stored liquid product (7) withdrawal operation of atmospheric storage tank (2) either closed type or open type it may occur possibility of breather bag (1 ) to cling at the atmospheric storage tank (2) inner side wall. So breather bag (1 ) lower part may be fixed at the bottom of atmospheric storage tank (2) by adequate aids. The Figure 1 1 shows breather bag (1 ) crushed into stored liquid product (7) with its lower part fixed at the bottom of atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). In this case, it is denoted that at atmospheric storage tank (2) filling operation breather bag (1 ) will not float, but it will be crushed into stored liquid product (7) without disadvantage neither to operation nor to durability. Therefore, during stored liquid product (7) withdrawal operation, possibility of breather bag (1 ) clinging at inner side wall of storage tank (2) will be avoided. MULTIPLEX BREATHER BAG (1 ) APPLICATION More of one breather bag (1 ) may be used in atmospheric storage tank (2) either closed type or open type. The Figure 1 2 shows application of various breather bags (1 ) in an atmospheric closed type storage tank (2). Use of multiplex breather bag (1 ) is recommended in following cases: I s1 ) The atmospheric storage tank (2) has dimensions too large for using a simplex breather bag (1 ); 2^ ) The atmospheric storage tank (2) has internal parts which may perturb the simplex breather bag (1 ) sound working. At last, Figures 13 to 16 show present invention breather bag (1 ) operation steps when it is applied in atmospheric open type storage tank (2). These figures show the following: - Figure 1 3: Atmospheric open type storage tank (2) filling operation; - Figure 14: Atmospheric open type storage tank (2) high level; - Figure 15: Atmospheric open type storage tank (2) emptying operation; - Figure 16: Atmospheric open type storage tank (2) low level. ATMOSPHERIC OPEN TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) FILLING OPERATION The storing liquid product (7) is fed into atmospheric open type storage tank (2) through inlet nozzle (4) with its block valve kept in open position. The Figure 13 shows atmospheric open type storage tank (2) filling operation through inlet nozzle (4) feeding liquid product (7). As liquid product (7) enters into atmospheric open type storage tank (2) the breather bag (1 ) is drawn up and its space is occupied in tank (2) with liquid product (7) filling. In this operation step, it can be noted that stored liquid product (7) is segregated from atmospheric air (8). As breather bag's membrane is in direct contact with stored liquid product (7) surface evaporation change of the liquid product (7) is avoided. ATMOSPHERIC OPEN TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) HIGH LEVEL When the storing tank high level line is reached by liquid product (7), feed through inlet nozzle (4) is stopped. The Figure 14 shows atmosheric open type storage tank (2) full charged with liquid product (7) up to high level line. The breather bag (1 ) will float and draw up over stored liquid product (7) surface or it will be crushed into stored liquid product (7). At this step it is observed that: 1 t ) The stored liquid product (7) is segregated from atmospheric air (8); 2^ ) The stored liquid product (7) evaporation change is avoided; 3^ ) Any extraneous objects that would get into an atmospheric open type storage tank (2) will be retained by breather bag (1 ) membrane. ATMOSPHERIC OPEN TYPE STORAGE TANK EMPTYING OPERATION The atmospheric open type storage tank (2) emptying operation by stored liquid product (7) withdrawal is done through outlet nozzle (5) with its block valve in open position. The Figure 15 shows atmospheric open type storage tank (2) emptying operation by stored liquid product (7) through outlet nozzle (5). During stored liquid product (7) withdrawal operation the breather bag (1 ) will adjust tightly to tank(2) inner wall and physical separation from stored liquid product (7) is maintained. ATMOSPHERIC OPEN TYPE STORAGE TANK (2) LOW LEVEL When atmospheric open type storage tank (2) low level line is reached by liquid product (7), withdrawal operation is stopped and tank's liquid product stored portion will be segregated from atmospheric air (8) by breather bag (1 ) membrane. The Figure 16 shows atmospheric open type storage tank (2) with stored liquid product (7) at low level line.

Claims: C L A I M S 1 - BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, characterized by comprehending a compartment or bag (1 ) made with an impermeable and flexible membrane, with dimensions and shape which match with inner geometric form of atmospheric storage tank (2), with thin wall thickness enough only to support either a positive pressure or a vacuum of negligible magnitude and minimum resistence to mechanical deformations, but with chemical corrosion resistence to the tank stored liquid product (7). 2 - BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, in accordance to claim number 1 characterized by storage tank may be either closed type or open type. 3 - BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, in accordance to claim number 1 or number 2, characterized by a storage tank (2) to be closed type with vent nozzle (3) where breather bag (1 ) is fastened, inlet nozzle (4;4 * ) and outlet nozzle (5). 4 - BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, in accordance to claim number 1 or number 2, characterized by a storage tank (2) to be open type with inlet nozzle (4) and outlet nozzles ( 5; 5'; 5" ), where the breather bag (1 ) is installed near tank's inner side walls. 5 - BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, in accordance to claim number 3. characterized by breather bag (1 ) to be introduced empty into the tank (2), to be inflated by blowing atmospheric air (8) and air (6) initially contained inside the tank (2) to be promptly purged out. 6 - BREATHER BAG FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANK VENT SEAL, in accordance to claim number 1. characterized by breather bag (1 ) to allow atmospheric storage tank normal air vent operation, with full segregation between stored liquid product (7) and atmospheric air (8), by keeping atmospheric tank qualification in mechanical design procedures.

Inventors: MORIYAMA ALBERTO, MORIYAMA, ALBERTO
Applicants: FRONTENGE ENG LTD, FRONTENGE ENGENHARIA LTDA.
Application year: 1993
Main classification: B65D90
IPC codes: B65D90