Battery power conservation in a selective call system

Abstract: Selective call systems such as the CCIR Radiopaging Code No. 1 (or POCSAG) has a signal format giving an inherent battery power conservation duty cycle of 1:8 requiring a bit synchronised pager to energise its receiving section to receive the synchronisation codeword and again for the duration of its assigned frame in each batch. For those pagers wanting to operate in accordance with a longer duty cycle, successive superbatches of N batches are created and the pager is assigned to say one frame only of the superbatch. However in order to obtain synchronisation in the superbatch, a predetermined codeword (PCW) is transmitted in the first frame of the first batch of the N batches. A pager which has achieved batch and superbatch synchronisation de-energises its receiving section until its assigned frame. The transmission of a predetermined codeword once in every N batches is transparent to the pagers operating the 1:8 duty cycle and also facilitates recovery of superbatch synchronisation in deep fade and carrier lost situations.

Description: The present invention relates to battery power conservation in a selective call system such as a paging system. For convenience of description the present invention will be described in the context of the CCIR Radiopaging Code No. 1 (otherwise known as POCSAG) which is described in detail in "The book of the CCIR Radiopaging Code No. 1" published by the Radiopaging Code Standards Group (RCSG) and obtainable from British Telecom, Radiopaging, London, England. However the invention may be applied to systems using other digital paging codes. As is well known POCSAG has an inherent battery power conservation signal format which comprises for each new transmission, a preamble of 576 bits, which serves to enable a paging receiver to obtain bit synchronisation, and a plurality of concatenated batches. Each batch comprises a synchronisation codeword, which enables a pager to obtain word synchronisation, and 8 frames, each comprising 2 codewords. A control device in a pager is preprogrammed with the number of the frame in which an alert signal comprising the pager's identity codeword (RIC) will, when necessary, be transmitted. Accordingly after achieving bit synchronisation, the receiver section of a pager only requires to be energised for two periods in each batch, firstly, to receive the synchronisation codeword and, secondly, for the duration of the pre-designated frame in order to be able to receive its RIC, if transmitted. For the time intervals between the end of the synchronisation codeword and the start of the pre-designated frame, assuming that it is not the first frame, and between the end of the pre-designated frame and the end of the batch, the receiving section can be de-energised for a period equivalent to 7 frames thereby giving a battery saving duty cycle of 1:8. A clock included in the control device controls the energisation of the receiving section. For pocket size pagers which are able to hold relatively large capacity batteries, for example two size AAA batteries, the battery power conservation feature of the POCSAG signal format enables an acceptable battery life to be achieved. However for some special applications, for example where a pager is built into a wristwatch, relatively small and expensive lithium batteries are used to energise the pager. Accordingly there is a desire to increase the battery economising aspect of the pager if necessary at the expense of service. Various proposals are known to enhance the conservation of battery power. For example PCT specification WO 90/06634 discloses conserving power during the transmission of predetermined signals such as the synchronisation codeword. This method requires examining the first 8 bits of the 32 bit synchronisation codeword as received and if it contains less than two bit errors, the complete codeword is assumed to have been received correctly and the control device switches off the receiving section until the pre-designated frame in the same batch. Such a method requires resetting the clock interval. However if the first 8 bits contain two or more bit errors, then the receiving section has to remain energised to receive the entire synchronisation codeword and either the remaining 24 bits are checked for errors or the entire codeword is checked for errors. Another proposal, disclosed in PCT specification WO 88/05248, is the creation of what may be termed a "superbatch" comprising N POCSAG batches, where N = 16. In order to be able to identify each batch in a superbatch, the synchronisation codeword is given an identity comprising say a four bit binary word ranging from 0 to 15. The synchronisation identity is appended to the synchronisation codeword. The control device in the pager is then preprogrammed to energise the receiving section to receive one or more of the N synchronisation codewords in a superbatch together with the pre-designated frame in the associated batch or batches. Thus in the case of say a wristwatch pager, the receiving section may be energised firstly to receive the synchronisation codeword and secondly for the duration of a subsequent frame in order to be able to receive its RIC, if transmitted, in one batch in every 16 batches giving a battery saving duty cycle of 1:128. In other applications, more than one batch in a superbatch may be used which leads to a corresponding reduction in the battery saving duty cycle. In the case of a normal pager which is able to operate in all the batches it has to receive and decode all the synchronisation codewords and their identities which means that no only has the receiving section to be powered up longer in order to receive the additional bits but also the option disclosed in WO90/06634 cannot be used. Furthermore a paging system in which synchronisation codeword identities are appended to the synchronisation codeword is not compatible with the normal POCSAG system which means that this proposal is not transparent to users not wishing to apply the enhanced battery power conservation technique. EP-A3-0319219 discloses a paging system which is incompatible with the CCIR Radiopaging Code No 1. In the system disclosed time is divided into a succession of frames and each frame is divided into M groups. Pagers are allocated to one of the M groups which means that a paging request for a particular pager will only be transmitted in that group and no other. The first word in each group is a preamble word comprising synchronisation signals and the group designation signal. In order to enhance the battery economy for pagers in a selected one of the M groups, a specific code word is transmitted immediately following the preamble word to instruct pagers in that group to power down their receivers for a predetermined number (N) of frames. In order to ensure that a pager receiver is energised during the relevant group period that a paging transmitter is transmitting a paging signal, the paging signal is repeated (N+1) times. Another method for enhancing battery economy is to only send one paging signal to a particular pager in any one frame so that if a pager detects the same paging signal with its address at least twice, then it can immediately de-energise its receiver for the remainder of the group period and continuing until the beginning of the same group period in the following frame. This specification does not teach how certain members of a group can follow one battery current economising protocol whilst other members of the same group can simultaneously follow another battery current economising protocol. An object of the present invention is to facilitate the conservation of battery power by one or more classes of users in a selective call system in a manner which is substantially transparent to other classes of users. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for battery power conservation in a selective call receiver of a selective call system comprising a base station and a plurality of selective call receivers, wherein the base station transmits signals in accordance with a signal format including a succession of batches, each batch commencing with a synchronisation codeword followed by a predetermined integer number, m, of frames, each frame having a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least one receiver identity code, each selective call receiver comprising a receiving section and a control section which includes means for controlling the energisation of the receiving section, characterised in that the base station in every 1 in N batches, where N is an integer of at least 2, transmits a predetermined codeword in a preselected one of the m frames, and in that at least one of the selective call receivers is controlled by its control section to energise its receiving section to receive said predetermined codeword, said control section in response to receiving said predetermined codeword de-energising said receiving section for a predetermined period and thereafter re-energising said receiving section for a duration corresponding to at least one frame in at least one predetermined batch of said N batches. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a selective call system comprising a base station and a plurality of selective call receivers, wherein the base station comprises means for formatting signals to be transmitted in accordance with a signal format including a succession of batches, each batch commencing with a synchronisation codeword followed by a predetermined integer number, m, of frames, each frame having a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least one receiver identity code, and transmitting means for transmitting the signals so formatted, and each receiver comprises a receiving section and a control section which includes means for controlling the energisation of the receiving section, characterised in that the base station comprises means for inserting a predetermined codeword in a preselected one of the m frames, in every 1 in N batches, where N is an integer of at least 2, and in that at least one of the receivers is controlled by its control section to energise its receiving section to receive said predetermined codeword, said control section in response to receiving said predetermined codeword de-energising said receiving section for a predetermined period and thereafter re-energising said receiving section for a duration corresponding to at least one frame in at least one predetermined batch of said N batches. The method and system in accordance with the present invention use the predetermined codeword to provide a time reference for those receivers, that is pagers, which are operating a battery power conservation regime which has a duty cycle which is greater than that which is inherent in the basic signal format of the system, for example 1:8 in the case of POCSAG. The system in accordance with the present invention is transparent to normal users of the POCSAG system and has only marginal effect of those pagers whose identity codes (or RICs) are transmitted in the frame, say the first frame, of the batch in which the predetermined codeword is transmitted by the base station. This is because only one in say 16 batches is affected and in the affected batch there is still the option of using the second codeword of the POCSAG frame to transmit an identity code. Furthermore, as the synchronisation codeword is normal to the system and recognisable by all classes of users then known techniques, such as that disclosed in European Patent 0 118 153 B1, can be used to recover batch synchronisation whenever a signal is lost due to a deep fade and/or carrier loss. Battery power conservation may be enhanced in several ways. For example the base station may be controlled to transmit pager identity codes in an ordered sequence, say decreasing numerical significance, and the control section of a pager on determining that a received identity code follows its own identity code in the sequence, de-energises its receiving section prior to the expiry of its frame. In an alternative arrangement the identity codes of those receivers operating a particular battery power conservation regime may contain a prefix unique to those receivers considered as a group and the control section of a pager in response to determining that the received bits corresponding to the bit positions of a prefix do not correspond to the prefix contained in its identity code, de-energises its receiving section prior to the expiry of its frame. In the event of a group of receivers operating the same battery power conservation regime becoming too large then a second group may be formed and assigned to another batch. The method and system in accordance with the present invention are flexible to implement because the assignment of the pagers to particular frames in one or more of the N batches can be done by appropriately pre-programming the control section of a pager and loading corresponding information into the base station. Thus a variety of battery power conservation regimes can be provided, all of which are transparent to other users of the system. According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a selective call receiver adapted to receive signals transmitted in accordance with a signal format including a succession of batches, each batch commencing with a synchronisation codeword followed by a predetermined integer number, m, of frames, each frame having a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least one receiver identity code, the receiver comprising a receiving section and a control section, said control section including means for storing a synchronisation codeword, the receiver's identity codeword(s) and a predetermined codeword, characterised in that the control section has timing means for controlling the energisation of the receiving section, in that the control section in response to detecting the synchronisation codeword causes the timing means to maintain energisation of the receiving section in order to receive the predetermined codeword which is transmitted in a preselected one of the m frames, in every 1 in N batches, where N is an integer of at least 2, said control section in response to detecting the predetermined codeword, causing the timing means to control the energisation of the receiving section in accordance with a predetermined battery power conservation regime, whereby in response to the control section detecting receipt of said predetermined codeword, the receiving section is de-energised until the expiry of a first predetermined time period after which it is energised for the duration of a frame and thereafter it is de-energised until the expiry of a second predetermined period whereat the receiving section is energised to receive the synchronisation codeword of the batch containing said predetermined codeword, the sum of said first and second predetermined periods exceeding the duration of a batch. The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a selective call system, Figure 2 is a diagram of the POCSAG signal format, Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a superbatch signal format, Figure 4 is a simplified block schematic diagram of a pager, and Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating the battery power conservation routine. In the drawings the same reference numerals have been used to illustrate corresponding features. The selective call system shown in Figure 1 comprises a base station 10 which is equipped with a transmitter 12 and a controller 14 which includes means for formatting signals to be transmitted, the signals may comprise pager identity codes (RICs) and/or message data. A plurality of paging receivers (or pagers) P1 to P4 are provided. The pagers are able to roam in and out of the coverage area of the transmitter 12. Each pager P1 to P4 includes a receiving section 16 tuned to the frequency of the transmitter 12 and a control section 18 which controls the energisation of the receiving section and the energisation of an alerting device, for example an acoustic, visual and/or tactile transducer, in the event of the control section identifying the pager's RIC in a transmitted message. The signal format is POCSAG or CCIR Radiopaging Code No. 1 and for the sake of completeness it will be described briefly with reference to Figure 2. However for full information reference may be made to "The book of the CCIR Radiopaging Code No. 1" mentioned in the preamble of the specification. The transmissions from the base station 10 comprise a series of bursts, each burst comprising a preamble 20 of 576 bits which serve to enable the pagers P1 to P4 achieve bit synchronisation, followed by concatenated batches of codewords formed by RICs and data messages. For convenience of description the transmission of data messages will not be described. Each batch 22,24 is arranged identically and comprises seventeen 32-bit codewords. The first codeword 26 is a synchronisation codeword which is used by a pager to achieve/maintain word synchronisation. The remaining sixteen codewords are paired and each of the eight pairs is termed a frame, F1 to F8. Each pager is assigned to a particular frame which means that its RIC will be transmitted in that frame, say frame F4, and no other. Thus as part of the inherent battery power conservation feature of POCSAG, the pager must energise its receiving section 16 firstly to be able to receive the synchronisation codeword and secondly for the duration of its frame, in this example F4, but for the duration of the other frames, that is F1 to F3 and F5 to F8, the receiving section 16 can be de-energised. As mentioned in the preamble there are classes of pagers, such as wristwatch size pagers, which are powered by relatively expensive, low capacity batteries. Accordingly in order to extend the battery life, a more economical battery power conservation regime is required. Referring to Figure 3, every N, where N is an integer of two or more, say 16, batches form a superbatch SB1, SB2 and so on. A pager wishing to follow a battery power conservation duty cycle of say 1:128, that is 1 frame in every 16 batches, is assigned to a particular frame in one batch, say frame F4 in the second of the 16 batches, that is batch 24 in Figure 2. Also this information will be stored in the controller 14 (Figure 1) of the base station 10 which is programmed to operate in accordance with the POCSAG format. In order for a pager to know that it is correctly synchronised with the superbatch structure a predetermined codeword PCW is transmitted by the base station as the first codeword in the frame F1 of the first batch 22 of each superbatch SB1, SB2 and so on. At the beginning of a new transmission from the base station 10, the receiving section of a pager operating a long duty cycle power conservation regime is energised to receive the preamble 20 in order to gain bit synchronisation, then the synchronisation codeword 26 in the first batch 22 and the codeword PCW, thereafter it is de-energised for a first predetermined period T1 after which the receiving section is energised for the duration of the frame F4 in the batch 24. Thereafter the receiving section is de-energised for a second predetermined period T2 which terminates substantially at the end of the Nth batch 28, whereat the receiving section is energised to receive the synchronisation codeword at the beginning of the next superbatch SB2 together with the predetermined codeword PCW. This cycle continues to the end of the transmission. The durations of the periods T1 and T2 are stored in the control section of the pager, which section also includes a timing means. This system is flexible because it can accomodate pagers wanting to operate other duty cycles. If the number of pagers wanting to operate the same duty cycle exceeds a value which would impair the performance of the system, then any new pagers wanting to operate that same duty cycle can be assigned to the same or a different frame in another batch and the periods T1 and T2 are set accordingly. In the case of a pager operating in accordance with the 1:8 duty cycle inherent in POCSAG, it will be energised to receive only the synchronisation codeword and for the duration of its assigned frame in each batch. There is no requirement for such a pager having to receive the predetermined codeword PCW. The addition of the codeword PCW to the base station transmissions will not affect unduly the performance of the system because it is transmitted in 1 in N batches and it only requires half of a frame, the other half being available for the transmission of a RIC. Figure 4 is a block schematic diagram of an embodiment of a pager P which is intended to operate a battery power saving duty cycle of 1:128. The paging receiver P comprises a receiving section 16 and a control section 18. The receiving section 16 can be of any suitable design, for example one based on Philips low power digital paging receiver IC UAA 2033T or UAA 2050T and the control section 18 may be based on the Philips PCA 5000T decoder. The control section 18 is energised continuously during the period of use but the receiving section 16 is energised and de-energised by a power control circuit 30 which in turn is controlled by a time control circuit 32 which includes non-volatile memory means 34 for storing the on and off periods for the receiving section. A thirty-two stage shift register 36 is coupled to an output of the receiving section 16. Outputs of each of the stages of the shift register 36 are coupled to a RIC detector 38 and to a detector 40 for detecting preamble 20, the synchronisation codeword 26 and the predetermined codeword PCW. In the interests of clarity not all 32 outputs have been shown. A non-volatile store 42 is connected to the detector 40, the store 42 stores the preamble bit pattern, synchronisation codeword and the codeword PCW which are presented as required to the detector 40. An output of the detector 40 is connected to a pulse generator 44 which produces an output indicative of the detection of one of the mentioned signals by the detector 40. This output is supplied to the timer control circuit 32 which determines in accordance with the data stored in its memory means 34 whether power should be supplied or not supplied to the receiving section 16. For example on receipt of a signal indicative of the receipt of the codeword PCW, the time control circuit 32 signals the power control circuit 30 to interrupt the power supply to the receiving section for the period T1, thereafter power is supplied for the required frame period, that is frame F4 in batch 24, after which it is interrupted for the period T2. An address store 46 which stores the RICs allocated to the pager, normally there are 4 RICs, is coupled to the address detector 38. An output of the detector 38 is connected to an alert control circuit 48 which controls the energisation of one or more transducers, such as an acoustic transducer 50. The timing control circuit 32 has an output coupled to the address detector 38. If one of the pager's RICs is identified then the detector 38 produces an output and in response to that output the circuit 48 causes the transducer 50 to be energised. Figure 5 is a simplified flow chart of the superbatch battery power conservation method disclosed. The flow chart begins with switching on the pager, rectangle 52. Then a check is made to see if preamble has been received, decision block 54. If it has not been received, N, then the process returns to looking for preamble. If it has been received, Y, then the process proceeds to decision block 56 which relates to "Has the synchronisation codeword been detected?" If not, N, then the process reverts to detecting preamble, otherwise if the synchronisation codeword has been received, Y, then the process proceeds to decision block 58. The block 58 checks whether the predetermined codeword, PCW, has been received, if not, N, the process reverts to block 56, but if it has, Y, then the receiving section 16 is de-energised for the period T1, process block 60. Process block 62 relates to the energisation of the receiving section 16 for the duration of its assigned frame in the superbatch. Process block 64 relates to the de-energisation of the receiving section 16 for the period T2. Finally process block 66 relates to the energisation of the receiving section 16 in order to be able to receive the synchronisation codeword at the commencement of the next concatenated superbatch, decision block 56. In the event of a deep fade or carrier lost situations then the pager can adopt any suitable routine for recovering synchronisation, for example that disclosed in European Patent Specification 0 118 153 B1. However in recovering synchronisation it is necessary to identify the predetermined codeword PCW in order to determine the beginning of the superbatch and thereby set the time control circuit 32 accordingly. The time control circuit 32 includes a clock circuit not shown. If more sophisticated battery power regimes are adopted, such as those to be described in the following then the time periods stored in the memory means may have to be varied to enhance power conservation. In one refinement, the base station 10 transmits the RICs it has for a particular frame in an ordered sequence, for example beginning with the highest RIC and decreasing. If the address detector 38 determines from the first few bits of an address that it relates to a RIC which would follow after its own RIC in the sequence, it can signal the timer control circuit on a line 68 to de-energise the receiving section for the remainder of the frame. This requires the timer control circuit 32 to increase the period T2 by the balance of the frame period. If the base station rigorously follows the ordered sequence for the duration of its transmission, the receiving section could be de-energised for its entire frame, once it has determined that any RICs transmitted will be after its position in the sequence. However provision may have to be provided to cope with emergencies, for example by the predetermined codeword containing a flag instructing all pagers to energise their receiving sections for the duration of their assigned frames. Another refinement comprises assigning a unique prefix to the RICs of those pagers wanting to practice the same battery power conservation regime. If a pager wanting to follow that regime does not detect this prefix which is transmitted at the beginning of its assigned frame, it de-energises its receiving section 16 immediately and the duration of the period T2 is modified by the addition of the balance of the frame period. Neither of these refinements will affect the operation of a normal POCSAG pager.

Claims: A method for battery power conservation in a selective call receiver of a selective call system comprising a base station (10) and a plurality of selective call receivers (P1 to P4), wherein the base station (10) transmits signals in accordance with a signal format including a succession of batches (22,24,28), each batch commencing with a synchronisation codeword (26) followed by a predetermined integer number, m, of frames (F1 to F8), each frame having a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least one receiver identity code, each selective call receiver comprising a receiving section (16) and a control section (18) which includes means for controlling the energisation of the receiving section, characterised in that the base station in every 1 in N batches, where N is an integer of at least 2, transmits a predetermined codeword (PCW) in a preselected one of the m frames, and in that at least one of the selective call receivers is controlled by its control section (18) to energise its receiving section (16) to receive said predetermined codeword, said control section in response to receiving said predetermined codeword de-energising said receiving section (16) for a predetermined period and thereafter re-energising said receiving section for a duration corresponding to at least one frame in at least one predetermined batch of said N batches. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said predetermined codeword (PCW) is transmitted in the frame (F1) immediately following the synchronisation codeword (26) transmitted in a first of said N batches. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that each frame (F1 to F8) has a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least two receiver identity codes, in that the base station (10) transmits identity codes in an ordered sequence and in that the control section (14) of a receiver in response to determining that an identity code being transmitted follows the transmission of its own identity code in the sequence de-energises its receiving section (16) prior to the expiry of its frame. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that selective call receivers operating different battery conservation regimes are assigned to respective groups, in that the identity codes of the selective call receivers in each of said groups has a prefix which is unique to that group, and in that the control section (14) of a selective call receiver (P1 to P4) in response to determining that the prefix of an identity code being transmitted does not correspond to its group de-energises its receiving section prior to the expiry of its frame. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that groups of receivers operating the same type of battery power conservation regime are assigned to different batches. A selective call system comprising a base station (10) and a plurality of selective call receivers (P1 to P4), wherein the base station (10) comprises means (14) for formatting signals to be transmitted in accordance with a signal format including a succession of batches, each batch commencing with a synchronisation codeword (26) followed by a predetermined integer number, m, of frames (F1 to F8), each frame having a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least one receiver identity code, and transmitting means (12) for transmitting the signals so formatted, and each receiver (P1 to P4) comprises a receiving section (16) and a control section (18) which includes means (30) for controlling the energisation of the receiving section (16), characterised in that the base station comprises means for inserting a predetermined codeword (PCW) in a preselected one of the m frames, in every 1 in N batches, where N is an integer of at least 2, and in that at least one of the receivers (P1 to P4) is controlled by its control section (18) to energise its receiving section (16) to receive said predetermined codeword (PCW), said control section (18) in response to receiving said predetermined codeword (PCW) de-energising said receiving section (16) for a predetermined period and thereafter re-energising said receiving section (16) for a duration corresponding to at least one frame in at least one predetermined batch of said N batches. A selective call receiver adapted to receive signals transmitted in accordance with a signal format including a succession of batches (22,24,28), each batch commencing with a synchronisation codeword (26) followed by a predetermined integer number, m, of frames (F1 to F8), each frame having a duration corresponding to the transmission of at least one receiver identity code, the receiver comprising a receiving section (16) and a control section (18), said control section (18) including means (42) for storing a synchronisation codeword (26), the receiver's identity codeword(s) and a predetermined codeword (PCW), characterised in that the control section(18) has timing means(32) for controlling the energisation of the receiving section(16), in that the control section(18) in response to detecting the synchronisation codeword(26) causes the timing means(32) to maintain energisation of the receiving section(16) in order to receive the predetermined codeword(PCW) which is transmitted in a preselected one of the m frames, in every 1 in N batches, where N is an integer of at least 2, said control section(18) in response to detecting the predetermined codeword(PCW), causing the timing means (32) to control the energisation of the receiving section(16) in accordance with a predetermined battery power conservation regime, whereby in response to the control section detecting receipt of said predetermined codeword (PCW), the receiving section is de-energised until the expiry of a first predetermined time period after which it is energised for the duration of a frame (F) and thereafter it is de-energised until the expiry of a second predetermined period whereat the receiving section is energised to receive the synchronisation codeword (26) of the batch containing said predetermined codeword (PCW), the sum of said first and second predetermined periods exceeding the duration of a batch. A selective call receiver as claimed in claim 7, for use in a system in which receiver identity codes of receivers assigned to the same frame (F) of the same batch are transmitted in an ordered sequence, characterised in that the control section (18) comprises means for determining whether a receiver identity code as received is after its own assigned receiver identity code in the ordered sequence, and in response to determining that it is, the control section de-energises the receiving section prior to the expiry of the frame. A selective call receiver as claimed in claim 7, for use in a system in which receivers which operate a particular battery conservation regime are assigned receiver identity codes including a prefix unique to those receivers, characterised in that the control section (18) comprises means for determining the presence of said prefix in a received identity code and in response to determining that it is absent, the control section (18) de-energises the receiving section (16) prior to the expiry of the frame.

Inventors: SHARPE ANTHONY KEITH, SHARPE, ANTHONY KEITH, Sharpe, Anthony Keith, c/o Philips Telecom
Applicants: PHILIPS ELECTRONICS NV, PHILIPS ELECTRONICS UK LTD, PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V., PHILIPS ELECTRONICS UK LIMITED
Application year: 1993
Main classification: H04Q7
IPC codes: H04W88, H04W52